Publications of Jie Liu

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Papers Published

  1. M. Freitag, J. Tsang, A. Bol, D. Yuan, J. Liu and P. Avouris, "Imaging of the Schottky Barriers and Charge Depletion in Carbon Nanotube Transistors", Nano Lett., 2007(7), 2037-2042.
  2. J. Foreman, H. Everitt, J. Yang and J. Liu, "Influence of temperature and photoexcitation density on the quantum efficiency of defect emission in ZnO powders", Applied Physics Letter, 2007(91) (Art. No. 011902.).
  3. M. Freitag, J. Tsang, A. Bol, P. Avouris, D. Yuan, and J. Liu, "Scanning photovoltage microscopy of potential modulations in carbon nanotubes", Applied Physics Letter, 2007(91) (Art. No. 031101.).
  4. A. Makarovski, A. Zhukov, J. Liu, and G. Finkelstein, "SU(2) and SU(4) Kondo effects in carbon nanotube quantum dots", Physical Review B, 2007(75) (Art. No. 241407.).
  5. H. Qi, C. Qian, J. Liu, "Synthesis of Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Iron Disilicide as Catalyst", Nano Lett., 2007(7), 2417-2421.
  6. H. Qi, D. Yuan, J. Liu, "Two-Stage Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007(111), 6158-6160.
  7. D. Yuan and J. Liu, "Purification of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes", Small, 2007(3), 366-367.
  8. B. Maynor, I. LaRue, Z. Hu, J. Rolland, A. Pandya, Q. Fu, J. Liu, R. Spontak, S. Sheiko, R. Samulski, E. Samulski, J. DeSimone, "Supramolecular nanomimetics: Replication of micelles, viruses, and other naturally occurring nanoscale objects", Small, 2007(3), 845-849.
  9. C. Qian, H. Qi and J. Liu, "Effect of Tungsten on the Purification of Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods", Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007(111), 131-133.
  10. A. Makarovski, J. Liu, and G. Finkelstein, "Evolution of Transport Regimes in Carbon Nanotube Quantum Dots", Physical Review Letters, 2007(99) (Art no. 066801.).

Papers Accepted

  1. M. Woodson and J. Liu, "Functional Nanostructures from Surface Chemistry Patterning", Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, 2007(9), 207-225.
  2. J.C. Tsang, M. Freitag, V. Perebeinos, J. Liu and Ph. Avouris, "Doping and Phonon Renormalization in Carbon Nanotubes", Nature Nanotechnology, 2007.
  3. A. Tselev, M. Woodson, C. Qiang and J. Liu, "Microwave Impedance Spectroscopy of Dense Carbon Nanotube Bundles", Nano Lett., 2007.
  4. Jianye Li, Lei An, Chenguang Lu, and Jie Liu, "Conversion between Hexagonal GaN and b-Ga2O3 Nanowires and Their Electrical Transport Properties", Nano Letters, 2005 (Available as ASAP article.).

Journal Articles

  1. Jia Chen, Vasili Perebeinos, Marcus Freitag, James Tsang, Qiang Fu, Jie Liu, Phaedon Avouris, "Bright Infrared Emission from Electrically Induced Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes", Science, November, 2005, 310(5751), 1171-1174.
  2. Xinjian Zhou, Ji-Yong Park, Shaoming Huang, Jie Liu, and Paul L. McEuen, "Band Structure, Phonon Scattering, and the Performance Limit of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Transistor", Physics Review Letters, September, 2005, 95(14), Art. No. 146805.
  3. O. Byl, J. Liu and J. T. Yates, "Etching of carbon nanotubes by ozone - A surface area study", Langmuir, 2005, 21(9), 4200-4204.
  4. J. Q. Lu, T. E. Kopley, N. Moll, D. Roitman, D. Chamberlin, Q. Fu, J. Liu, T. P. Russell, D. A. Rider, I. Manners, and M. A. Winnik, "High-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameter, controlled density, and ordered locations using a polyferrocenylsilane block copolymer catalyst precursor", Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17(9), 2227-+.
  5. S. K. Doorn, M. J. O'Connell, L. X. Zheng, Y. T. T. Zhu, S. M. Huang, and J. Liu, "Raman spectral imaging of a carbon nanotube intramolecular junction", Physical Review Letters,, 2005, 94(1), Art. No. 016802.
  6. Q. Fu and J. Liu, "Integrated single-walled carbon nanotube/microfluidic devices for the study of the sensing mechanism of nanotube sensors", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109(28), 2813406-13408.
  7. G. Yang, J. Tang, S. Kato, Q. Zhang, L. C. Qin, M. Woodson, J. Liu, J. W. Kim, P. T. Littlehei, C. Park and O. Zhou, "Magnetic nanowire based high resolution magnetic force microscope probes", Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 87(12), Art. No. 123507.
  8. H. Cui, X. Yang, H. M. Meyer, L. R. Baylor, M. L. Simpson, W. L. Gardner, D. H. Lowndes, L. An and J. Liu,, "Growth and properties of Si-N-C-O nanocones and graphitic nanofibers synthesized using three-nanometer diameter iron/platinum nanoparticle-catalyst", Journal of Materials Research,, 2005, 20(4), 850-855.
  9. Lei Ding, Yan Li, Haibin Chu, Xuemei Li, and Jie Liu, "Creation of Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructures Using AFM Dip-Pen Nanolithography", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109(47), 22337-22340.
  10. Qiang Fu and Jie Liu, ""Effects of Ionic Surfactant Absorptions on Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Devices in Aqueous Solutions"", Langmuir, 2005, 21(4), 1162-1165.
  11. Jie Tang, Guang Yang, Qi Zhang, Ahmet Parhat, Ben Maynor, Jie Liu, Ju-Chang Qin, and Otto Zhou, ""Rapid and Reproducible Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube AFM Probes by Dielectrophoresis"", Nanoletter, 2005, 5(1), 11-14.
  12. Stephen Doorn, Lianxi Zheng, Michael J. O'Connell, Yuntian Zhu, Shaoming Huang, and Jie Liu, ""Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes"", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109(9), 3751-3758.
  13. J. Q. Lu, N. Moll, Q. Fu, and J. Liu, "Iron nanoparticles derived from iron-complexed polymethylglutarimide to produce high-quality lithographically defined single-walled carbon nanotubes", Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17(9), 2237-+.
  14. J.Y. Eom, H.S. Kwon, J. Liu, and O. Zhou, ""Lithium insertion into purified and etched multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized on suported catalysts by thermal CVD"", Carbon, 2004, 42, 2589-2596.
  15. S.M. Huang, Q. Fu, L. An, and J. Liu, ""Growth of aligned SWNT arrays from water-soluble molecular clusters for nanotube device fabrication"", Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6, 1077-1079.
  16. Lianxi Zheng, Michael J. O'Connell, Stephen K. Doorn, Ziaozhou Liao, Yonghao Zhao, Elshan A. Akhadov, Mark A. Hoffbauer, Bobbi J. Roop, Quanxi Jia, Robert C. Dye, Dean E. Peterson, Shaoming Huang, Jie Liu, and Yuntian T. Zhu, ""Ultra-Long Single- Wall Carbon Nanotubes"", Nature Materials, 2004, 3, 673-676.
  17. Lei An, Qiang Fu, Chenguang Lu, and Jie Liu, ""A Simple Chemical Route to Selectively Eliminate Metallic Carbon Nanotubes in Nanotube Network Devices"", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 126, 10520-10521.
  18. Marcus Freitag, Jia Chen, Jerry Tersoff, James C. Tsang, Qiang Fu, Jie Liu, and Phaedon Avouris, ""Mobile ambipolar domain in carbon-nanotube infrared emitters"", Physical Review Letters, 2004, 93(Art. No. 076803).
  19. Qiang Fu, Shaoming Huang, and Jie Liu, ""Chemical Vapor Depositions of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Catalyzed by Uniform Fe203 Nanoclusters Synthesized Using Diblock Copolymer Micelles"", J. Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108(20), 6124-6129.
  20. M. Stadermann, S.J. Papadakis, M.R. Falvo, J. Novak, E. Snow, Q. Fu, J. Liu, Y. Fridman, J.J. Boland, R. Superfine, and S. Washburn, ""Nanoscale Study of Conduction Through Carbon Nanotube Networks"", Physical Review B, 2004, 69(20), 201402.
  21. Shaoming Huang, Mike Woodson, Richard Smalley, and Jie Liu, ""Growth Mechanism of Oriented Long Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using "Fast-Heating" Chemical Vapor Deposition Process"", Nanoletters, 2004, 4(6), 1025-1028.
  22. Jianye Li, Chenguang Lu, Benjamin Maynor, Shaoming Huang, and Jie Liu, ""Controlled Growth of Long GaN Nanowires from Catalyst Patterns Fabricated by "Dip-Pen" Nanolithographic Techniques"", Chemistry of Materials, 2004, 16(9), 1633-1636.
  23. Benjamin Maynor, Jianye Li, Chenguang Lu, and Jie Liu, ""Site-Specific Fabrication of Nanorod Heterostructures: Local Modification of GaN Nanowires using Electrochemical Dip-Pen Nanolithography"", J. American Chemical Society, 2004, 126(20), 6409-6413.
  24. C.G. Lu, Q. Fu, S.M. Huang, and J. Liu, ""Polymer electrolyte-gated nanotube field-effect carbon transistor"", Nano Letters, 2004, 4(4), 623-627.
  25. A.G. Souza, S.G. Chou, G.G. Samsonidze, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, L. An, J. Liu, A.K. Swan, M.S. Unlu, B.B. Goldberg, A. Jorio, A. Gruneis, and R. Saito, ""Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra of small-diameter isolated carbon nanotubes"", Physical Review B, 2004, 69(11), 115428.
  26. S.M. Huang, Q. Fu, L. An, and J. Liu, ""Growth of aligned SWNT arrays from water-soluble molecular clusters for nanotube device fabrication"", Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6(6), 1077-1079.
  27. C. Qian, F. Kim, L. Ma, F. Tsui, P.D. Yang, and J. Liu, ""Solution-phase Synthesis of Single-crystalline Iron Phosphide Nanorods/Nanowires"", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 126(4), 1195-1198.
  28. R.W. Fu, B. Zheng, J. Liu, S. Weiss, J.Y. Ying, M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, J. Satcher and T. Baumann, ""Studies of the Chemical and Pore Structures of the Carbon Aerogels Synthesized by Gelation and Supercritical Drying in Isopropanol"", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004, 91(5), 3060-3067.
  29. Shaoming Huang, Xianyu Cai, Chungsheng Du, Jie Liu, "Oriented Long Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates from Floating Catalysts", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107(48), 13251-13254.
  30. Shaoming Huang, Benjamin Maynor, Xinyu Cai, and Jie Liu, "Ultra-long Well-aligned SWNT Architectures on Surfaces", Adv. Mater, 2003, 15, 1651-1655.
  31. Shaoming Huang, Xinyu Cai, Jie Liu, "Growth of Millimeter-long and Horizontally Aligned Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Flat Substrates", JACS, 2003, 125, 5636-5637.
  32. R.W. Fu, B. Zheng, J. Liu, M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, J.H. Satcher, and T.E. Baumann, "The fabrication and characterization of carbon aerogels by gelation and supercritical drying in isopropanol", Advanced Functional Materials, 2003, 13, 558-562.
  33. P.E. Pehrsson, W. Zhao, J.W. Baldwin, C.H. Song, J. Liu, S. Kooi, and B. Zheng, "Thermal fluorination and annealing of single-wall carbon nanotubes", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107, 5690-5695.
  34. J. Qi, C.Y. Wang, and J. Liu, "A simple method for the synthesis of highly oriented potassium-doped tungsten oxide nanowires", Advanced Materials, 2003, 15, 411-+.
  35. R.W. Fu, M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, B. Zheng, J. Liu, J. Satcher, and T.F. Baumann, "The growth of carbon nanostructures on cobalt-doped carbon aerogels", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2003, 318, 223-232.
  36. B. W. Maynor, S. F. Filocamo, M. W. Grinstaff, and J. Liu, "Direct-Writing of Polymer Nanostructures: Poly(thiophene) Nanowires on Semiconducting and Insulating Surfaces", JACS, 2002, 124(4), 522-523.
  37. Qiang Fu, Chenguang Lu, and Jie Liu, "Selective Coating of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Thin SiO2 Layer", Nano Letters, 2002, 2(4), 329 –332.
  38. Bo Zheng, Jie Liu, Yiying Wu, Peidong Yang, "Synthesis of Ultra-Long and Highly Oriented Silicon Oxide Nanowires from Liquid Alloy", Adv. Mater, 2002, 14, 122-124.
  39. Lei An, Jessica M. Owens, Laurie E. McNeil, Jie Liu, "Synthesis of Nearly Uniform Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Identical Metal Containing Molecular Nanoclusters as Catalysts", JACS, 2002, 124(46), 13688-13689.
  40. Bo Zheng, Chenguang Lu, Alexander Makarovski, Gleb Finkelstein and Jie Liu, "Efficient CVD Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Surfaces Using Carbon Monoxide Precursor", Nano Letters, 2002, 2(8), 895-898.
  41. Gang Gu, Bo Zheng, W.Q. Han, Siegmar Roth and Jie Liu, "Tungsten Oxide Nanowires on Tungsten Substrates", Nano Letters, 2002, 2(8), 849-851.
  42. Bo Zheng, Yan Li, Jie Liu, "CVD Synthesis of Single walled carbon nanotubes on aerogel supported catalysts", Appl. Phys. A, 2002, 74, 345-348.
  43. H.Z. Geng, R. Rosen, B. Zheng, J. Liu, O. Zhou, "Fabrication and properties of nanocomposites of poly(ethylene oxide) and functionalized carbon nanotubes", Adv. Mater, 2002, 14(19), 1387-1390.
  44. Wei Zhao, Chulho Song, Bo Zheng, Jie Liu, Tito Visvanathan, "Thermal Recovery Behavior of Fluorinated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", J Phys Chem. B, 2002, 106(2), 293-296.
  45. Benjamin W. Maynor, Yan Li and Jie Liu, "Au "Ink" for AFM "Dip-Pen" Nanolithography", Langmuir, 2001, 17, 2575-2578.
  46. Yan Li, Benjamin W. Maynor and Jie Liu, "Electrochemical AFM "Dip-Pen" Nanolithography", JACS, 2001, 123, 2105-2106.
  47. A. Kuznetsova, I. Popova, J.T. Yates, M.J. Bronikowski, C.B. Huffman, J. Liu, R.E. Smalley, H.H. Hwu, J.G.G. Chen, "Oxygen-containing functional groups on single-wall carbon nanotubes: NEXAFS and vibrational spectroscopic studies", JACS, 2001, 123(43), 10699-10704.
  48. Yan Li, Jie Liu, Yongqian Wang and ZhongLin Wang, "Preparation of monodispersed Fe-Mo nanoparticles as the catalyst for CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes", Chemistry of Materials, 2001, 13, 1008-1014.
  49. Yan Li, Benjamin W. Maynor and Jie Liu, "Electrochemical AFM "Dip-Pen" Nanolithography", JACS, 2001, 123, 2105-2106.
  50. A. Kuznetsova, D. Mawhinney, V. Naumenko, J. Yates, Jr., J. Liu, and R.E.Smalley, "Enhancement of adsorption inside of single-walled nanotubes: opening the entry ports", Chem. Phys. Lett., 2000, 321, 292-296.
  51. Ming Su, Jie Liu, "High Yield CVD method for Large Scale preparation of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube", Chemical Physics Letters, 2000, 322, 321-326.
  52. D. Mawhinney, V. Naumenko, A. Kuznetsova, J. Yates, Jr., J. Liu, and R.E.Smalley, "Infrared Spectral Evidence for the Etching of Carbon Nanotubes: Ozone Oxidation at 298K", JACS, 2000, 122, 2383.
  53. Ming Su, Yan Li, Benjamin Maynor, Alper Buldum, Jian Ping Lu, Jie Liu, "Lattice-Oriented Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104, 6505-6508.
  54. A. Kuznetsova, J.T. Yates, Jr., J. Liu, and R.E.Smalley, "Physical Adsorption of Xenon in Open Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes – Observation of a Quasi 1-D Confined Xe Phase", J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 9590-9598.
  55. P. Boul, J. Liu, E. Mickelson, C. Huffman, L. Ericson, I. Chiang, K. Smith, D.T. Colbert, R. Hauge, J. Margrave, R.E. Smalley, "Reversible Sidewall Functionalization of Buckytubes", Chemical Physics Lettera, 1999, 310, 367.
  56. D.A. Walters, L.M. Ericson, M.J. Casavant, J. Liu, D.T. Colbert, K.A. Smith, and R.E. Smalley, "Elastic strain of freely suspended single-wall carbon nanotube ropes", Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 74, 3803.
  57. J. Liu, Michael J. Casavant, Michael Cox, D.A. Walters, Peter Boul, Wei Lu, A.J. Rimberg, K.A. Smith, Daniel T. Colbert, Richard E. Smalley, "Controlled Deposition of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Chemically Functionalized Templates", Chem. Phys. Lett., 1999, 303, 125-129.
  58. E.T. Mickelson, I.W. Chiang, J.L. Zimmerman, P.J. Boul, J. Lozano, J. Liu, R.E. Smalley, R.H. Hauge, J.L. Margrave, "Solvation of Fluorinated Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Alcohol Solvents", J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103, 4318.
  59. Y. Ye, C.C. Ahn, C. Witham, B. Fultz, J. Liu, A.G. Rinzler, D. Colbert, K. Smith, and R.E. Smalley, "Hydrogen adsorption and cohesive energy of single-walled carbon nanotubes", Appl. Phys. Letter, 1999, 74, 2307.
  60. J. Liu, Andrew G. Rinzler, Hongje Dai, Jason H. Hafner, R. Kelley Bradley, Peter J. Boul, Adrian Lu, Terry Iverson, Konstantin Shelimov, Chad B. Huffman, Fernando Rodriguez-Macias, Young-Seok Shon, T. Randall Lee, Daniel T. Colbert, Richard E. Smalley, "Fellerene Pipes", Science, 1998, 280, 1253-1256.
  61. A.G. Rinzler, J. Liu, H. Dai, P. Nikolaev, C.B. Huffman, F.J. Rodriguez-Macias, P.J. Boul, A.H. Lu, D. Heymann, D.T. Colbert, R.S. Lee, J.E. Fischer, A.M. Rao, P.C. Eklund, R.E. Smalley, "Large Scale Purification of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Process, Product, and Characterization", Appl. Phys. A, 1998, 67, 29-37.
  62. J. Liu, Hongjie Dai, Jason H. Hafner, Daniel T. Colbert, Sander J. Tans, Cees Dekker, Richard E. Smalley, "Fullerene "Crop Circles"", Nature, 1997, 385, 780.
  63. Jian Zhang, J. Liu, Jinlin Huang, P. Kim, C.M. Lieber, "Creation of nanocrystals via a tip-induced solid-solid transformation", Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces, Symposium Mater. Res. Soc., 1997, 282, 89-94.
  64. J. Liu, J. Zhang, Jinlin Huang, Philip Kim, Charles M. Lieber, "Creation of Nanocrystals Through a Solid-Solid Phase Transition Induced by an STM Tip", Science, 1996, 274, 757.
  65. J. Liu and Charles M. Lieber, "Surface structure of Pb doped Bi-2201 single crystals Studied by STM", Inorg. Chim. Acta., 1996, 243, 305.
  66. J. Liu, Jin-Lin Huang, and Charles M. Lieber, "Probing Comples Low-Dimensional Solids with Scanning Probe Microscope: From Charge Density Waves to High-Temperature Superconductivity", J. Vac. Sci. Tech B, 1996, 14, 1064.
  67. Charles M. Lieber, Jie Liu and Paul E. Sheehan, "Understanding and Manipulating Inorganic Materials Using Scanning Prbe Microscopes", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1996, 35, 686.
  68. Hongjie Dai, Seokwon Yoon, J. Liu, Ramech C. Budhani, Charles M. Lieber, "Simultaneous Observation of Columnar Defects and Magnetic Flux Lines in High-Temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu108+d Superconductors", Science, 1994, 265, 1552.
  69. Seokwon Yoon, Hongjie Dai, J. Liu, Charles M. Lieber, "Surface Pinning as a Determinant of the Bulk Flux-Line Lattice Structure in Copper Oxide Superconductors", Science, 1994, 265, 215.
  70. J. Liu, Yonghong Li, and Charles M. Lieber, "Intrinsic features of Bi2Sr2CaCu208+d tunneling spectra: Scaling and symmetry of the energy gap", Phy. Rev. B, 1994, 49, 6234.
  71. Hongjie Dai, J. Liu and Charles M. Lieber, "Surface Pinning and Grain Boundary Formation in Magnetic Flux-Line Lattices of Bi2Sr2CaCu208+d High-Tc Superconductors", Phy. Rev. Lett, 1994, 72, 748.
  72. Yonghong Li, J. Liu and Charles M. Lieber, "Dependence of the Energy Gap on Tc: Absence of Scaling in the Copper Oxide Superconductors", Physical Review Letter, 1993, 70, 3494.

Chapter in Book

  1. E. Joselevich, H. Dai, J. Liu, K. Hata and A. Windle, "Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Organization", in Carbon Nanotubes, Topics in Applied Physics, edited by A. Jorio, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus , 2007, Springer-Verlag.
  2. Q. Fu and J. Liu, "Catalytic chemical vapor deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes", in Carbon Nanotechnology, edited by Liming Dai , 2006, Elsevier B.V..
  3. Benjamin W, Maynor and Jie Liu, "Electrochemical Dip-Pen Nanolithography", in Encyclopedia for Nanotechnology, 2004.
  4. Bo Zheng and Jie Liu, "CVD Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", in Chemistry of Nanostructures Materials, 2004.
  5. Shaoming Huang and Jie Liu, ""Direct Growth of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Flat Substrates for Nanoscale Electronic Applications"", in Applied Physics of Nanotubes: Fundamentals of Theory, Optics and Transport Devices, 2004.
  6. Jie Liu, Shoushan Fan and Hongjie, "Recent Development in Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes", MRS Bulletin, December, 2003.
  7. Dordrecht, H. Dai, Jie Liu, and C. Lieber, ""Elucidating Complex Charge Density Wave Structures in Low Dimensional Materials by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy"", in Advances in the Crystallographic and Microstructural Analysis of Charge Density Wave Modulated Crystals, 1997, Kluwer Academic Publishers.