Abstract:
© 2016, The Author(s). Abstract: High-dimensional entanglement is an important physical resource for quantumcommunication. A basic issue for any communication scheme is how many shared bits twoparties can extract subject to experimental noise. We determine the shared informationthat can be extracted from time-bin entangled photons using frame encoding. We considerphotons generated by a general down-conversion source and also model losses, dark countsand the effects of multiple photons within each frame. Furthermore, we describe aprocedure for including other imperfections such as after-pulsing, detector dead-times andjitter. The results are illustrated by deriving analytic expressions for the maximuminformation that can be extracted from high-dimensional time-binentangled photons generated by down conversion. A key finding is that under realisticconditions and using standard SPAD detectors one can still choose the frame size so as toextract over 10 bits per photon. These results are thus useful forexperiments on high-dimensional quantum-key distribution systems, but are not limited tosuch systems. For example, the results are also useful for determining the limits of fibrearrays or within time-multiplexing schemes. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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