Abstract:
The numerical simulation of various field theories at
non-zero chemical potential suffers from severe complex
action problems. In particular, QCD at non-zero quark
density can presently not be simulated for that reason. A
similar complex action problem arises in the 2-d O(3) model
-- a toy model for QCD. Here we construct the 2-d O(3) model
at non-zero density via dimensional reduction of an
antiferromagnetic quantum spin ladder in a magnetic field.
The complex action problem of the 2-d O(3) model manifests
itself as a sign problem of the ladder system. This sign
problem is solved completely with a meron-cluster algorithm.
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