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Publications [#270564] of James R. Bettman

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Journal Articles

  1. Escalas, JE; Bettman, JR (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 378-389. [doi]
    (last updated on 2024/03/27)

    Abstract:
    We propose that consumers purchase brands in part to construct their self-concepts and, in so doing, form self-brand connections. We focus on reference groups as a source of brand meaning. Results from two studies show that brands with images consistent with an ingroup enhance self-brand connections for all consumers, whereas brands with images that are consistent with an outgroup have a stronger negative effect on independent versus interdependent consumers. We propose that this differential effect is due to stronger self-differentiation goals for consumers with more independent self-concepts. We also find greater effects for more symbolic than for less symbolic brands. © 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.


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