Papers Published

1. Meyer, SA; Wolf, PD, Application of sonomicrometry and multidimensional scaling to cardiac catheter tracking., Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering, vol. 44 no. 11 (November, 1997), pp. 1061-1067 [9353985], [doi] .
   (last updated on 2023/06/01)

   Abstract:
   This paper describes a technique for tracking the three-dimensional (3-D) position of a cardiac catheter using sonomicrometry and the mathematical method of multidimensional scaling (MDS). Sonomicrometry is used to measure the distances between ultrasonic transceivers. MDS is then used to calculate the 3-D coordinates of the ultrasonic transceiver locations, including the catheter tip, from the measured distances. Feasibility of catheter tracking was initially studied using simulated data from a geometric model in which the actual coordinates of all transceivers were known. The method was then shown to be feasible in vivo by tracking a catheter-mounted piezoelectric transducer using seven reference crystals sewn to the epicardial surface of a sheep heart. Simulation results indicate that a catheter can be tracked with a root-mean-square (rms) error of 1.51 +/- 0.05 mm and an average-distance error of e = 1.06 +/- 0.27 mm using 12 reference points. In vivo results showed acceptable stress values (G < 0.05) for 95% of the data samples with an average-distance error of e = 0.52 +/- 0.66 mm. These simulation and experimental results show that sonomicrometry and MDS can be used to accurately localize the 3-D position and track the motion of a catheter tip within the heart.

   Keywords:
   biomedical measurement;biomedical ultrasonics;cardiology;distance measurement;position measurement;