Publications of Ann C. Zumwalt
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds44402,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC},
Title = {The effect of endurance exercise on the morphology of muscle
attachment sites},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
Volume = {209},
Pages = {444-454},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
Keywords = {muscle attachment sites • entheses • exercise
effects • morphology},
Abstract = {The morphology of muscle attachment sites, or entheses, has
long been assumed to directly reflect in vivo muscle
activity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether
variations in muscle activity that are within normal
physiological limits are reflected in variations in external
attachment site morphology. This study tests the hypothesis
that increased muscle activity (magnitude, number and
frequency of loading cycles) results in the hypertrophy of
muscle attachment sites. The attachment sites of six limb
muscles and one muscle of mastication (control) in mature
female sheep were measured and compared in exercised
(weighted treadmill running for one hour/day for 90 days)
and sedentary control animals. Attachment site surface
morphology was assessed by quantifying the size (3D surface
area) and complexity (fractal dimension parallel and
perpendicular to soft tissue attachment) of the surfaces.
Results of this study demonstrate no effect of the exercise
treatment used in this experiment on any measure of enthesis
morphology. Potential explanations for the lack of exercise
response include the mature age of the animals,
inappropriate stimulus type for inducing morphological
change, or failure to surpass a hypothetical threshold of
load for inducing morphological change. However, further
tests demonstrate no relationship between muscle size and
either attachment site size or complexity in sedentary
control animals as well. The results of this study indicate
that the attachment site morphological parameters measured
in this study do not reflect muscle size or activity. In
spite of decades of assumption otherwise, there appears to
be no direct causal relationship between muscle size or
activity and attachment site morphology, and reconstructions
of behavior based on these features should be viewed with
caution.},
Key = {fds44402}
}
@article{fds49858,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt and Marks, L.M. and Halperin, E.C.},
Title = {Integration of Gross Anatomy into a Clinical Oncology
Curriculum},
Journal = {Academic Medicine},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {The amount of time devoted to teaching gross anatomy to
medical students is declining. This topic remains critically
important for some medical students, especially those
seeking training in anatomy-laden specialties. We describe
here a course currently being offered in the Department of
Radiation Oncology in the Duke University School of Medicine
which expands anatomy education into the medical school
clinical years. The audience for this course consists of
medical students rotating in Radiation Oncology (n=2-4 per
month) and the residents (n=9) and clinical faculty (n=17)
in the Department of Radiation Oncology. Anatomists and
Radiation Oncology residents together present monthly case
conferences and cadaver-based demonstrations about the
relationships between a tumor’s anatomical location and
its symptoms, patterns of spread and treatment
considerations. Anonymous surveys were distributed to course
participants to assess the success of the course. Survey
results indicate that the participants find the course to be
interesting, relevant and of high quality. This course is
therefore favored by students, residents and faculty as a
way to supplement gross anatomy education during training
for a specialty in which anatomy knowledge is
essential.},
Key = {fds49858}
}
@article{fds44401,
Author = {Zumwalt AC and Hamrick MW and Schmitt D},
Title = {A force platform for measuring the ground reaction forces in
small animal locomotion},
Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
Year = {2005},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T82-4HSY52C-1&_coverDate=12%2F13%2F2005&_alid=350241024&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=5074&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004358&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38557&md5=2f99d24ed489029959a8351afbaf42e2},
Keywords = {force plate • mouse • rodent • kinetic
analyses},
Abstract = {The importance of kinetic force plate studies of locomotion
in small animals has grown recently with the increasing use
of rodent models for studies of musculoskeletal diseases.
However, the force plates for use with animals much smaller
than a cat are difficult to design and use. Here we present
data on a commercially available small force plate that
accurately collects whole-body and, in a modified form,
single-limb ground reaction forces in mice. The method used
here is convenient, inexpensive, and readily adaptable for
use with a variety of small species.},
Key = {fds44401}
}
@article{fds44400,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC},
Title = {A new method for quantifying the complexity of muscle
attachment sites},
Journal = {The Anatomical Record, Part B: The New Anatomist},
Volume = {286B},
Pages = {21-28},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112093655/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0},
Keywords = {muscle attachment sites • entheses • fractal
analysis • morphological complexity},
Abstract = {Muscle attachment site morphology may have valuable use for
reconstructing activity patterns in individuals from
historic populations or extinct species. The skeletal
locations where muscles and tendons attach are
morphologically very complex, and variations in this
morphology may reflect stresses experienced by these
attachment sites as a result of muscular contractions.
However, existing methods for assessing attachment site
complexity are qualitative and subjective. This paper
describes a new method for quantifying attachment site
complexity in which attachment sites are scanned with a 3D
laser scanner and the morphological complexities of their
surfaces are quantified using fractal analysis. The method
described here documents the complexity at specific
transects along six limb attachment sites in adult female
sheep (Ovis aries), and variations in complexity within
attachment sites are explored. Overall trends indicate that
most of the attachment sites examined here are more complex
at their peripheries than at their centers, indicating that
these sites experience more varied loads at the peripheries
of the tendon attachments. Exceptions to this trend are
noted and all functional implications are discussed. This
method provides the first opportunity to explore variations
in morphological complexity within attachment sites.
Assuming a relationship between tensile strains and bony
morphology exists, this method provides a new tool to
explore the strain environments of muscle attachment
sites.},
Key = {fds44400}
}
@article{fds29673,
Author = {Richstmeier JT and Zumwalt AC and Carlson, EJ Epstein CJ and Reeves, RH},
Title = {Craniofacial phenotypes in segmentally trisomic mouse models
for Down syndrome},
Journal = {American Journal of Medical Genetics},
Volume = {107},
Number = {4},
Pages = {317-324},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29673}
}
%% Papers Presented/Symposia/Abstracts
@article{fds49859,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt},
Title = {Beyond the first year: Focused anatomy instruction during
the clinical years of medical school},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds49859}
}
@article{fds49860,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt},
Title = {Three specialized anatomy courses for advanced medical
students: the impact of focused anatomy instruction},
Year = {2006},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds49860}
}
@article{fds44488,
Author = {A.C. Zumwalt},
Title = {Development of a New Clinical Anatomy Course: Issues,
Inspirations and Ideas},
Series = {American Association of Clinical Anatomists
meeting},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds44488}
}
@article{fds44403,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC},
Title = {Endurance exercise does not affect the morphology of muscle
attachment sites in adult female sheep (Ovis
aries)},
Series = {Experimental Biology Annual Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds44403}
}
@article{fds29670,
Author = {Zumwalt AC and Schmitt D and McCormick J and Hamrick
M},
Title = {Locomotor biomechanics and muscle-bone interactions in
myostatin-deficient mice},
Series = {Experimental Biology Annual Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds29670}
}
@article{fds29671,
Author = {Zumwalt AC},
Title = {A new method to quantify the 3D morphology of bone surfaces,
with application to muscle enthesis rugosity},
Series = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual
Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds29671}
}
@article{fds29672,
Author = {Zumwalt AC and Lieberman DE and Ruff CB},
Title = {Too good to be true? Testing the relationship between muscle
function and attachment site morphology},
Series = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual
Meeting Supplement},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds29672}
}
@article{fds29674,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC and Ruff, CB and Lieberman, DE},
Title = {The influence of exercise on muscle insertion scars in
sheep},
Series = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement
32},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29674}
}
@article{fds29675,
Author = {Zumwalt, AC and Ruff, CB and Wilczak, CA},
Title = {Primate muscle insertions: What does size tell
you?},
Series = {American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement
30},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds29675}
}