Publications of Lise Wallach
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds254295,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {Some Theories are Unfalsifiable: A Comment on
Trafimow},
Journal = {Theory & Psychology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {703-706},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0959-3543},
Abstract = {Trafimow (2009) claims that there are no unfalsifiable
theories: To test any theory, one must make auxiliary
assumptions, and with sufficient creativity about auxiliary
assumptions one could always arrive at reasonably risky
predictions. We argue that a prediction from a theory plus a
given set of auxiliary assumptions will not be risky for the
theory when the initial level of confidence in the theory is
greater than the initial level of confidence in one or more
of the auxiliary assumptions. Some theories, we claim, are
so basic that initial confidence in these theories will be
greater than initial confidence in any set of auxiliary
assumptions with which they could be tested, and such
theories are unfalsifiable. We illustrate this with a
principle that forms part of the theory of reasoned action.
© 2010, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0959354310373676},
Key = {fds254295}
}
@article{fds254293,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {A response on concepts, laws and measurement in social
psychology},
Journal = {Theory & Psychology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {489-494},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0959-3543},
Abstract = {While appreciating Kimble's (2001) praise of our paper
(Wallach & Wallach, 2001), we argue against his reduction of
mental states to behavioral dispositions. Crandall and
Schaller (2001) make five points in criticism of our
argument that much research in social psychology is plagued
by circularity. We show that their first point is based on a
misunderstanding, that their third point is irrelevant, and
that their last two points do not attempt to answer our
argument. This leaves their second point as Crandall and
Schaller's only actual counterargument—namely that
confidence in a measure for a construct is independent of
confidence in the construct's relationships to other
constructs. We show this claim of independence to be false.
© 2001, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0959354301114004},
Key = {fds254293}
}
@article{fds254311,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {Experiments in social psychology: Science or
self-deception?},
Journal = {Theory & Psychology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {451-473},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0959-3543},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000170444400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Criticisms of the very idea of experimentation in social
psychology are longstanding; a focal claim recently has been
that social psychological hypotheses are non-empirical. We
contest this claim, but argue that many experiments in
social psychology are pointless nonetheless because they are
fundamentally circular. Testing hypotheses requires
operationalization; operationalization requires assumptions;
and in social psychology, we argue, the necessary
assumptions often already imply that the hypotheses can be
confirmed. Confirmability of the hypotheses of a number of
experiments recently reported in the Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology is shown to be implied by two illustrative
truistic principles central to theories assumed in any tests
of these hypotheses. We suggest that research aimed at
finding specifically social psychological laws may only
yield unfalsifiable truisms, while useful social
psychological research aims elsewhere. © 2001, Sage
Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0959354301114001},
Key = {fds254311}
}
@article{fds254294,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {Why is experimentation in psychology often
senseless?},
Journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Psychology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4 SUPPL.},
Pages = {103-106},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-5564},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9450.1999.tb01457.x},
Key = {fds254294}
}
@article{fds254296,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {Of Surrogacy, Circularity, Causality and Near-Tautologies: A
Response},
Journal = {Theory & Psychology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Pages = {213-217},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0959-3543},
Abstract = {Gigerenzer (1998) agrees with our critique of mainstream
work (Wallach & Wallach, 1994, 1998). However, while he
views near-tautologies as an additional species of
surrogates for theory, we believe near-tautologies are
implied by entrenched and uncontested proto-theories that
are not without function, but pointless to subject to
empirical test. Schaller and Crandall (1998) seem to have
backed down from Schaller, Crandall, Stangor and Neuberg's
(1995) earlier position that the concept of near-tautologies
as developed by Wallach and Wallach (1994, 1998) is itself
misguided. Instead, Schaller and Crandall now seek to
distinguish ‘strong-form’ and ‘weak-form’
near-tautologies, and claim that our argument against the
usefulness of testing hypotheses derivable from
near-tautologies holds only for the ‘strong’ form while
the ‘weak’ form occurs in our derivations. We show here
that their distinction is problematic and that supposed
‘weak-form’ as well as ‘strong-form’
near-tautologies are unfalsifiable. © 1998, Sage
Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0959354398082008},
Key = {fds254296}
}
@article{fds254310,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {When Experiments Serve Little Purpose: Misguided Research in
Mainstream Psychology},
Journal = {Theory & Psychology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Pages = {183-194},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0959-3543},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000073414400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {This paper attempts further to explicate and justify the
belief, held by a number of critics of mainstream
psychology, that much customary empirical research tells one
little that could not have been known without it. Apart from
questions of tautology or indeterminate relations to
observation, many hypotheses are derivable from propositions
that are unfalsifiable because they cannot be tested without
relying on conceptualizations which imply the propositions
themselves. Experiments that serve no purpose beyond the
operationalization of such hypotheses are a misguided
enterprise. © 1998, Sage Publications. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0959354398082005},
Key = {fds254310}
}
@article{fds26801,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {When experiments serve little purpose: Misguided research in
mainstream psychology},
Journal = {Theory and Psychology},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {183-194},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds26801}
}
@article{fds254306,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {Gergen Versus the Mainstream: Are Hypotheses in Social
Psychology Subject to Empirical Test?},
Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
Volume = {67},
Number = {2},
Pages = {233-242},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-3514},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PC24500005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {K. J. Gergen's (1982) argument that hypotheses in social
psychology are not empirical propositions is critically
examined and shown to be erroneous. Nevertheless, this
article demonstrates that, without necessarily appearing
obvious, some hypotheses can be derived from propositions
that are like tautologies and that their confirmation as
such is of little interest. An analysis of hypotheses in
recent articles in the Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology and the Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology suggests that hypotheses derivable from
propositions very much like tautologies may not be
infrequent. Implications are considered for what kinds of
social psychology experiments are of value to
perform.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.233},
Key = {fds254306}
}
@article{fds325143,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {Why Altruism, even though it Exists, Cannot be Demonstrated
by Social Psychological Experiments},
Journal = {Psychological Inquiry},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {153-155},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
Doi = {10.1207/s15327965pli0202_15},
Key = {fds325143}
}
@article{fds254297,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {How best to critique egoism?},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {726-727},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989AY40900062&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00025590},
Key = {fds254297}
}
@article{fds254307,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {The Part Played by Psychology in Promoting Selfishness: A
Response},
Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-50},
Publisher = {Guilford Publications},
Year = {1985},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0736-7236},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ARZ2500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1521/jscp.1985.3.1.43},
Key = {fds254307}
}
@article{fds254308,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {How psychology sanctions the cult of the
self},
Journal = {The Washington Monthly},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {46-56},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds254308}
}
@article{fds254305,
Author = {PENNINGTON, BF and WALLACH, L and WALLACH, MA},
Title = {NON-CONSERVER USE AND UNDERSTANDING OF NUMBER AND
ARITHMETIC},
Journal = {Genetic Psychology Monographs},
Volume = {101},
Number = {2},
Pages = {231-243},
Publisher = {HELDREF PUBLICATIONS},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0016-6677},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JU55800005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds254305}
}
@article{fds254303,
Author = {DORVAL, B and WALLACH, L and WALLACH, MA},
Title = {FIELD EVALUATION OF A TUTORIAL READING PROGRAM EMPHASIZING
PHONEME IDENTIFICATION SKILLS},
Journal = {Reading Teacher},
Volume = {31},
Number = {7},
Pages = {784-790},
Publisher = {INT READING ASSOC},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0034-0561},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978EU40300011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds254303}
}
@article{fds254304,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA and Dozier, MG and Kaplan,
NE},
Title = {Poor children learning to read do not have trouble with
auditory discrimination but do have trouble with phoneme
recognition},
Journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
Volume = {69},
Number = {1},
Pages = {36-39},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1977},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0022-0663},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977CW05000006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The present study confirms the hypothesis, derived from the
research of M. A. Wallach and L. Wallach (1976) and L.
Wallach and M. A. Wallach (1976), on teaching disadvantaged
children to read, that the troubles poor children frequently
have with sounds stem not from deficiencies in auditory
discrimination but from inadequate skill in phonemic
analysis. Almost all of 76 disadvantaged and 70 middle-class
kindergarten-age Ss could readily hear phoneme differences
in words, as indicated by their ability to respond
differentially to words that differed only in single
phonemes, which were similar. On the other hand, almost all
of the disadvantaged Ss, but almost none of the middle-class
Ss, did very poorly on tasks involving phonemic analysis of
words (e.g., indicating whether given sounded phonemes
occurred in various spoken words). (22 ref) (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1977
American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-0663.69.1.36},
Key = {fds254304}
}
@article{fds254302,
Author = {Wallach, L},
Title = {Implications of recent work in philosophy of science for the
role of operational definition in psychology},
Journal = {Psychological Reports},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {583-608},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds254302}
}
@article{fds254301,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wall, AJ and Aderson, L},
Title = {Number conservation: The roles of reversibility,
addition-subtraction,and misleading perceptual
cues},
Journal = {Child Development},
Volume = {38},
Pages = {425-442},
Year = {1967},
Key = {fds254301}
}
@article{fds254298,
Author = {Turnure, C and Wallach, L},
Title = {The influence of contextual variation on the differentiation
of parts from wholes},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychology},
Volume = {78},
Pages = {481-485},
Year = {1965},
Key = {fds254298}
}
@article{fds254299,
Author = {Gardner, BT and Wallach, L},
Title = {Shapes of figures identified as a baby's
head},
Journal = {Perceptual and Motor Skills},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {135-142},
Year = {1965},
Key = {fds254299}
}
@article{fds254300,
Author = {Wallach, L and Sprott, RL},
Title = {Inducing number conservation in children},
Journal = {Child Development},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {1057-1071},
Year = {1964},
Key = {fds254300}
}
@article{fds254309,
Author = {Wallach, L},
Title = {The complexity of concept attainment},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychology},
Volume = {75},
Pages = {277-283},
Year = {1962},
Key = {fds254309}
}
%% Books
@book{fds254292,
Author = {Wallach, L and Wallach, MA},
Title = {Seven views of mind},
Pages = {1-116},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Address = {New York},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780203103876},
Abstract = {This book examines seven different answers to the question,
“What are we talking about when we talk about the mind?”
It begins by considering the dualistic view, frequently
taken for granted by students, that words like “belief,”
“anger,” and “jealousy” refer to a realm quite
distinct from the physical world, and notes the difficulties
associated with this view as well as why many find it
compelling. The book then describes six further major views
of mind alternative to dualism that have been developed by
psychologists, philosophers, and neuroscientists: Some claim
that such words are just about behavior. Some claim that
such words are theoretical constructs, like “quarks“ in
physics. Some identify the mind with the brain or with a
kind of program in the brain like the software in a
computer. Some think there is nothing to which such words
refer. Some think mental talk reflects nothing but
convention.},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203103876},
Key = {fds254292}
}
@book{fds325144,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {Rethinking Goodness},
Pages = {156 pages},
Publisher = {SUNY Press},
Year = {1990},
ISBN = {0791402991},
Abstract = {Arguing that a psychological basis for ethics can be found
in human motivation, Rethinking Goodness proposes a
naturalistic ethics that transcends the conflict between
liberalism and authoritarianism the conflict between freedom
at the ...},
Key = {fds325144}
}
@book{fds325145,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {Psychology's Sanction for Selfishness The Error of Egoism in
Theory and Therapy},
Pages = {307 pages},
Publisher = {New York: W.H. Freeman and Company},
Year = {1983},
ISBN = {0716714655},
Key = {fds325145}
}
@book{fds325851,
Author = {Wallach, MA and Wallach, L},
Title = {Teaching All Children to Read},
Pages = {352 pages},
Booktitle = {Psychology and the problems of today},
Publisher = {Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman},
Editor = {M. Wertheimer and L. Rappoport},
Year = {1979},
Month = {October},
ISBN = {0226871673},
Key = {fds325851}
}
@book{fds26780,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {Teaching all children to read},
Editor = {Chicago: University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds26780}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds26790,
Author = {Wallach, L. and Wallach, M.A.},
Title = {Phonemic analysis training in the teaching of
reading},
Pages = {155-169},
Booktitle = {Coming of age: Vol. 3, The best of ACLD},
Publisher = {Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press},
Editor = {W.M. Cruickshank and J.W. Lerner},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds26790}
}
@misc{fds26788,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {Helping disadvantaged children to read by teaching them
phoneme identification skills},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {197-215},
Booktitle = {Theory and practice of early reading},
Publisher = {HIllsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
Editor = {B. Resnick and P.A. Weaver},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds26788}
}
@misc{fds26776,
Author = {Wallach, L.},
Title = {On the bases on conservation},
Pages = {191-219},
Booktitle = {Studies in cognitive development: Essays in honor of Jean
Piaget},
Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
Editor = {D. Elkind and J.H. Flavell},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds26776}
}
@misc{fds223443,
Author = {L. Wallach},
Title = {On the bases of conservation},
Pages = {191-219},
Booktitle = {Studies in Cognitive development},
Publisher = {Oxford},
Editor = {D. Elkind and J.H. Flavell},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds223443}
}
%% Commentaries/Book Reviews
@article{fds208203,
Author = {L. Wallach and M. A. Wallach},
Title = {Some theories are unfalsifiable},
Journal = {Theory and Psychology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {703-706},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds208203}
}
@article{fds26765,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {Of Surrogacy, Circularity, Causality, and Near-Tautologies:
A Response},
Journal = {Theory and Psychology},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {213-217},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds26765}
}
@article{fds26779,
Author = {L. Wallach},
Title = {No reductionism without behaviorism?},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {124-126},
Booktitle = {Review of M.B. Turner's Realism and the explanation of
behavior},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds26779}
}
@article{fds26777,
Author = {L. Wallach},
Title = {Is Falsifiability false?},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {459},
Booktitle = {Review of W.M. O'Neil's Fact and theory: An aspect of the
philosophy of science},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds26777}
}
@article{fds26768,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {Liberal eclecticism for perception},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {423-425},
Booktitle = {Review of C.M. Solley and G. Murphy's Development of the
perceptual world},
Year = {1961},
Key = {fds26768}
}
%% Reprinted Articles
@article{fds208204,
Author = {L. Wallach},
Title = {When experiments serve little purpose: Misguided research in
mainstream psychology},
Volume = {2},
Booktitle = {Theoretical Psychology: Contemporary Readings},
Publisher = {Sage},
Editor = {H. Stam},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds208204}
}
@article{fds26795,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {How psychology sanctions the cult of the
self},
Pages = {9-16},
Booktitle = {Personal growth and behavior 89/90},
Publisher = {Guilford, Conn.: The Duschkin Publishing
Group},
Editor = {K.G. Duffy},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds26795}
}
@article{fds26775,
Author = {Wallach, L. and Wall, A.J. and Anderson, L.},
Title = {Number conservation: The roles of reversibility,
addition-subtraction, and misleading perceptual
cues},
Booktitle = {Readings in child behavior and development},
Publisher = {New York: Harcourt, Brace, & Jovanovich},
Editor = {C.S. Lavatelli and F. Stendler},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds26775}
}
@article{fds26774,
Author = {Wallach, L. and Wall, A.J. and Anderson, L.},
Title = {Number conservation: The roles of reversibility,
addition-subtraction, and misleading preceptual
cues},
Booktitle = {Logical thinking in children: Research based on Piaget's
theory},
Publisher = {New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winstron},
Editor = {I.E. Sigel and F. H. Hooper},
Year = {1968},
Key = {fds26774}
}
%% Other
@misc{fds26794,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {How psychology sanctions the cult of the
self},
Journal = {Swarthmore College Bulletin},
Volume = {84},
Number = {2},
Pages = {6-11},
Year = {1986},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds26794}
}
@misc{fds26792,
Author = {Wallach, M.A. and Wallach, L.},
Title = {Autonomy, self-growth defended},
Journal = {American Psychological Association Monitor},
Volume = {15},
Number = {10},
Pages = {5},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds26792}
}
@manual{fds26781,
Author = {Wallach, L. and Wallach, M.A.},
Title = {The Teaching All Children to Read Kit},
Publisher = {Chicago: University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds26781}
}