Publications of Philip N Benfey     :chronological  combined listing:

%% Papers Published   
@article{fds152733,
   Author = {KL Gallagher and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Both the conserved GRAS domain and nuclear localization are
             required for SHORT-ROOT movement.},
   Journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular
             biology},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {December},
   Abstract = {Transcription factor movement is well established in plants.
             Since the initial report of KNOTTED movement, more than a
             dozen transcription factors have been shown to move in
             plants. However, the developmental significance of movement
             is not known. Using the SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription
             factor as a tool for studying cell-to-cell trafficking, we
             show that movement of SHR from its site of synthesis is
             necessary for normal development of the Arabidopsis root. We
             identify multiple regions of SHR that are required for
             intra- and intercellular movement of SHR, including a region
             that is necessary for movement but not activity. We made the
             surprising discovery that the capacity for intercellular
             movement may be conserved among other GRAS family proteins.
             Finally, we provide evidence that movement requires both
             cytoplasmic and nuclear localization, strongly suggesting a
             mechanistic link between nuclear transport and cell-to-cell
             movement.},
   Key = {fds152733}
}

@article{fds152746,
   Author = {TA Long and SM Brady and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Systems approaches to identifying gene regulatory networks
             in plants.},
   Journal = {Annual review of cell and developmental biology, United
             States},
   Volume = {24},
   Pages = {81-103},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {1081-0706},
   Abstract = {Complex gene regulatory networks are composed of genes,
             noncoding RNAs, proteins, metabolites, and signaling
             components. The availability of genome-wide mutagenesis
             libraries; large-scale transcriptome, proteome, and
             metabalome data sets; and new high-throughput methods that
             uncover protein interactions underscores the need for
             mathematical modeling techniques that better enable
             scientists to synthesize these large amounts of information
             and to understand the properties of these biological
             systems. Systems biology approaches can allow researchers to
             move beyond a reductionist approach and to both integrate
             and comprehend the interactions of multiple components
             within these systems. Descriptive and mathematical models
             for gene regulatory networks can reveal emergent properties
             of these plant systems. This review highlights methods that
             researchers are using to obtain large-scale data sets, and
             examples of gene regulatory networks modeled with these
             data. Emergent properties revealed by the use of these
             network models and perspectives on the future of systems
             biology are discussed.},
   Key = {fds152746}
}

@article{fds152766,
   Author = {J Colinas and SC Schmidler and G Bohrer and B Iordanov and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {Intergenic and genic sequence lengths have opposite
             relationships with respect to gene expression.},
   Journal = {PLoS ONE, United States},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {e3670},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {1932-6203},
   Abstract = {Eukaryotic genomes are mostly composed of noncoding DNA
             whose role is still poorly understood. Studies in several
             organisms have shown correlations between the length of the
             intergenic and genic sequences of a gene and the expression
             of its corresponding mRNA transcript. Some studies have
             found a positive relationship between intergenic sequence
             length and expression diversity between tissues, and
             concluded that genes under greater regulatory control
             require more regulatory information in their intergenic
             sequences. Other reports found a negative relationship
             between expression level and gene length and the
             interpretation was that there is selection pressure for
             highly expressed genes to remain small. However, a
             correlation between gene sequence length and expression
             diversity, opposite to that observed for intergenic
             sequences, has also been reported, and to date there is no
             testable explanation for this observation. To shed light on
             these varied and sometimes conflicting results, we performed
             a thorough study of the relationships between sequence
             length and gene expression using cell-type (tissue) specific
             microarray data in Arabidopsis thaliana. We measured median
             gene expression across tissues (expression level),
             expression variability between tissues (expression pattern
             uniformity), and expression variability between replicates
             (expression noise). We found that intergenic (upstream and
             downstream) and genic (coding and noncoding) sequences have
             generally opposite relationships with respect to expression,
             whether it is tissue variability, median, or expression
             noise. To explain these results we propose a model, in which
             the lengths of the intergenic and genic sequences have
             opposite effects on the ability of the transcribed region of
             the gene to be epigenetically regulated for differential
             expression. These findings could shed light on the role and
             influence of noncoding sequences on gene
             expression.},
   Key = {fds152766}
}

@article{fds152734,
   Author = {AS Iyer-Pascuzzi and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Transcriptional networks in root cell fate
             specification.},
   Journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {October},
   Abstract = {Cell fate in the Arabidopsis root is determined by
             positional information mediated by plant hormones and
             interpreted by transcriptional networks. In this review, we
             summarize recent advances in our understanding of the
             regulatory networks that control cell fate within the root
             meristem, and in the interplay of these networks with
             phytohormones. Recent work describing the importance of
             chromatin organization in tissue patterning is also
             highlighted. A new, high resolution root expression map
             detailing the transciptome of nearly all cell types in the
             Arabidopsis root across developmental timepoints will
             provide a framework for understanding these
             networks.},
   Key = {fds152734}
}

@article{fds152735,
   Author = {I De Smet and V Vassileva and B De Rybel and MP Levesque and W
             Grunewald, D Van Damme and G Van Noorden and M Naudts and G Van
             Isterdael and R De Clercq and JY Wang and N Meuli and S Vanneste and J
             Friml, P Hilson and G Jürgens and GC Ingram and D Inzé and PN Benfey and T Beeckman},
   Title = {Receptor-like kinase ACR4 restricts formative cell divisions
             in the Arabidopsis root.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.), United States},
   Volume = {322},
   Number = {5901},
   Pages = {594-7},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {October},
   Keywords = {Arabidopsis • Arabidopsis Proteins • Cell
             Division* • Cell Lineage • Gene Expression
             Profiling • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant •
             Genes, Plant • Meristem • Mutation • Plant
             Roots • Receptors, Cell Surface • cytology* •
             enzymology • enzymology* • genetics •
             genetics* • growth & development •
             metabolism*},
   Abstract = {During the development of multicellular organisms,
             organogenesis and pattern formation depend on formative
             divisions to specify and maintain pools of stem cells. In
             higher plants, these activities are essential to shape the
             final root architecture because the functioning of root
             apical meristems and the de novo formation of lateral roots
             entirely rely on it. We used transcript profiling on sorted
             pericycle cells undergoing lateral root initiation to
             identify the receptor-like kinase ACR4 of Arabidopsis as a
             key factor both in promoting formative cell divisions in the
             pericycle and in constraining the number of these divisions
             once organogenesis has been started. In the root tip
             meristem, ACR4 shows a similar action by controlling cell
             proliferation activity in the columella cell lineage. Thus,
             ACR4 function reveals a common mechanism of formative cell
             division control in the main root tip meristem and during
             lateral root initiation.},
   Key = {fds152735}
}

@article{fds152736,
   Author = {B Chaudhuri and F Hörmann and S Lalonde and SM Brady and DA Orlando and P
             Benfey, WB Frommer},
   Title = {Protonophore- and pH-insensitive glucose and sucrose
             accumulation detected by FRET nanosensors in Arabidopsis
             root tips.},
   Journal = {The Plant journal : for cell and molecular
             biology},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {September},
   Abstract = {Although soil contains only traces of soluble carbohydrates,
             plant roots take up glucose and sucrose efficiently when
             supplied in artificial media. Soluble carbohydrates and
             other small metabolites found in soil are in part products
             from exudation from plant roots. The molecular nature of the
             transporters for uptake and exudation is unknown. Here,
             fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) glucose and
             sucrose sensors were used to characterize accumulation and
             elimination of glucose and sucrose in Arabidopsis roots
             tips. Using an improved image acquisition set-up, FRET
             responses to perfusion with carbohydrates were detectable in
             roots within less than 10 sec and over a wide concentration
             range. Accumulation was fully reversible within 10-180 sec
             after glucose or sucrose had been withdrawn; elimination may
             be caused by metabolism and/or efflux. The rate of
             elimination was unaffected by pre-incubation with high
             concentrations of glucose, suggesting that elimination is
             not due to accumulation in a short-term buffer such as the
             vacuole. Glucose and sucrose accumulation was insensitive to
             protonophores, was comparable in media differing in
             potassium levels, and was similar at pH 5.8, 6.8 and 7.8,
             suggesting that both influx and efflux may be mediated by
             proton-independent transport systems. High-resolution
             expression mapping in root tips showed that only a few
             proton-dependent transport of the STP (Sugar Transport
             Protein) and SUT/SUC (Sucrose Transporter/Carrier) families
             are expressed in the external cell layers of root tips. The
             root expression maps may help to pinpoint candidate genes
             for uptake and release of carbohydrates from
             roots.},
   Key = {fds152736}
}

@article{fds152737,
   Author = {K Swarup and E Benková and R Swarup and I Casimiro and B Péret and Y
             Yang, G Parry and E Nielsen and I De Smet and S Vanneste and MP
             Levesque, D Carrier and N James and V Calvo and K Ljung and E Kramer and R
             Roberts, N Graham and S Marillonnet and K Patel and JD Jones and CG
             Taylor, DP Schachtman and S May and G Sandberg and P Benfey and J Friml and I Kerr and T Beeckman and L Laplaze and MJ Bennett},
   Title = {The auxin influx carrier LAX3 promotes lateral root
             emergence.},
   Journal = {Nature cell biology, England},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {946-54},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {August},
   Keywords = {Arabidopsis • Arabidopsis Proteins • Carrier
             Proteins • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant •
             Indoleacetic Acids • Membrane Transport Proteins •
             Plant Growth Regulators • Plant Roots • cytology
             • genetics • growth & development* •
             pharmacology • pharmacology* •
             physiology*},
   Abstract = {Lateral roots originate deep within the parental root from a
             small number of founder cells at the periphery of vascular
             tissues and must emerge through intervening layers of
             tissues. We describe how the hormone auxin, which originates
             from the developing lateral root, acts as a local inductive
             signal which re-programmes adjacent cells. Auxin induces the
             expression of a previously uncharacterized auxin influx
             carrier LAX3 in cortical and epidermal cells directly
             overlaying new primordia. Increased LAX3 activity reinforces
             the auxin-dependent induction of a selection of
             cell-wall-remodelling enzymes, which are likely to promote
             cell separation in advance of developing lateral root
             primordia.},
   Key = {fds152737}
}

@article{fds152738,
   Author = {JJ Petricka and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Root layers: complex regulation of developmental
             patterning.},
   Journal = {Current opinion in genetics & development,
             England},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {354-61},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {August},
   Abstract = {Developmental patterning events involve cell fate
             specification and maintenance processes in diverse,
             multicellular organisms. The simple arrangement of tissue
             layers in the Arabidopsis thaliana root provides a highly
             tractable system for the study of these processes. This
             review highlights recent work addressing the patterning of
             root tissues focusing on the factors involved and their
             complex regulation. In the past two years studies of root
             patterning have indicated that chromatin remodeling, protein
             movement, transcriptional networks, and an auxin gradient,
             all contribute to the complexity inherent in developmental
             patterning events within the root. As a result, future
             research advances in this field will require tissue-specific
             information at both the single gene and global
             level.},
   Key = {fds152738}
}

@article{fds152739,
   Author = {JR Dinneny and TA Long and JY Wang and JW Jung and D Mace and S Pointer and C
             Barron, SM Brady and J Schiefelbein and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Cell identity mediates the response of Arabidopsis roots to
             abiotic stress.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.), United States},
   Volume = {320},
   Number = {5878},
   Pages = {942-5},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {May},
   Keywords = {Abscisic Acid • Algorithms • Arabidopsis •
             Arabidopsis Proteins • Culture Media • Gene
             Expression Profiling • Gene Expression Regulation,
             Plant* • Genes, Plant • Iron • Mutation
             • Plant Epidermis • Plant Roots • Promoter
             Regions (Genetics) • Response Elements • Salinity*
             • Transcription Factors • Transcription, Genetic
             • cytology • cytology* • genetics •
             growth & development • metabolism • physiology
             • physiology*},
   Abstract = {Little is known about the way developmental cues affect how
             cells interpret their environment. We characterized the
             transcriptional response to high salinity of different cell
             layers and developmental stages of the Arabidopsis root and
             found that transcriptional responses are highly constrained
             by developmental parameters. These transcriptional changes
             lead to the differential regulation of specific biological
             functions in subsets of cell layers, several of which
             correspond to observable physiological changes. We showed
             that known stress pathways primarily control semiubiquitous
             responses and used mutants that disrupt epidermal patterning
             to reveal cell-layer-specific and inter-cell-layer effects.
             By performing a similar analysis using iron deprivation, we
             identified common cell-type-specific stress responses and
             revealed the crucial role the environment plays in defining
             the transcriptional outcome of cell-fate
             decisions.},
   Key = {fds152739}
}

@article{fds152740,
   Author = {PN Benfey and T Mitchell-Olds},
   Title = {From genotype to phenotype: systems biology meets natural
             variation.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.), United States},
   Volume = {320},
   Number = {5875},
   Pages = {495-7},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {April},
   Keywords = {Animals • Epistasis, Genetic • Gene Regulatory
             Networks • Genetic Techniques • Genomics •
             Genotype* • Humans • Metabolic Networks and
             Pathways • Models, Genetic • Phenotype* •
             Plants • Polymorphism, Genetic • Quantitative
             Trait Loci • Systems Biology* • Variation
             (Genetics)* • genetics*},
   Abstract = {The promise that came with genome sequencing was that we
             would soon know what genes do, particularly genes involved
             in human diseases and those of importance to agriculture. We
             now have the full genomic sequence of human, chimpanzee,
             mouse, chicken, dog, worm, fly, rice, and cress, as well as
             those for a wide variety of other species, and yet we still
             have a lot of trouble figuring out what genes do. Mapping
             genes to their function is called the "genotype-to-phenotype
             problem," where phenotype is whatever is changed in the
             organism when a gene's function is altered.},
   Key = {fds152740}
}

@article{fds152741,
   Author = {JR Dinneny and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Plant stem cell niches: standing the test of
             time.},
   Journal = {Cell, United States},
   Volume = {132},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {553-7},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {February},
   Keywords = {Indoleacetic Acids • Meristem • Plant Roots •
             Plant Shoots • Plants • cytology • cytology*
             • metabolism},
   Abstract = {Similar to animal stem cells, plant stem cells require
             special niche microenvironments to continuously generate the
             tissues that constitute the plant body. Recent work using
             computer modeling and live imaging is helping to elucidate
             some of the mechanisms responsible for the specification and
             maintenance of stem cells in the root and
             shoot.},
   Key = {fds152741}
}

@article{fds140631,
   Author = {SM Brady and DA Orlando and JY Lee and JY Wang and J Koch, JR Dinneny and D
             Mace, U Ohler and PN Benfey},
   Title = {A high-resolution root spatiotemporal map reveals dominant
             expression patterns.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.), United States},
   Volume = {318},
   Number = {5851},
   Pages = {801-6},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {1095-9203},
   Keywords = {Arabidopsis • Gene Expression Profiling • Gene
             Expression Regulation, Developmental* • Gene Expression
             Regulation, Plant* • Green Fluorescent Proteins •
             Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis • Plant Roots
             • cytology • genetics* • growth &
             development},
   Abstract = {Transcriptional programs that regulate development are
             exquisitely controlled in space and time. Elucidating these
             programs that underlie development is essential to
             understanding the acquisition of cell and tissue identity.
             We present microarray expression profiles of a
             high-resolution set of developmental time points within a
             single Arabidopsis root and a comprehensive map of nearly
             all root cell types. These cell type-specific
             transcriptional signatures often predict previously unknown
             cellular functions. A computational pipeline identified
             dominant expression patterns that demonstrate
             transcriptional similarity between disparate cell types.
             Dominant expression patterns along the root's longitudinal
             axis do not strictly correlate with previously defined
             developmental zones, and in many cases, we observed
             expression fluctuation along this axis. Both robust
             co-regulation of gene expression and potential phasing of
             gene expression were identified between individual roots.
             Methods that combine these profiles demonstrate
             transcriptionally rich and complex programs that define
             Arabidopsis root development in both space and
             time.},
   Key = {fds140631}
}

@article{fds140632,
   Author = {H Cui and MP Levesque and T Vernoux and JW Jung and AJ Paquette and KL
             Gallagher, JY Wang and I Blilou and B Scheres and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {An evolutionarily conserved mechanism delimiting SHR
             movement defines a single layer of endodermis in
             plants.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.), United States},
   Volume = {316},
   Number = {5823},
   Pages = {421-5},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {1095-9203},
   Keywords = {Arabidopsis • Arabidopsis Proteins • Cell Nucleus
             • Evolution • Feedback, Biochemical • Gene
             Expression • Genes, Plant • Models, Biological
             • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis • Oryza
             sativa • Plant Proteins • Plant Roots •
             Plants, Genetically Modified • Promoter Regions
             (Genetics) • Protein Binding • Protein Transport
             • Recombinant Fusion Proteins • Transcription
             Factors • Transcription, Genetic • cytology •
             cytology* • genetics • growth & development •
             metabolism • metabolism*},
   Abstract = {Intercellular protein movement plays a critical role in
             animal and plant development. SHORTROOT (SHR) is a moving
             transcription factor essential for endodermis specification
             in the Arabidopsis root. Unlike diffusible animal
             morphogens, which form a gradient across multiple cell
             layers, SHR movement is limited to essentially one cell
             layer. However, the molecular mechanism is unknown. We show
             that SCARECROW (SCR) blocks SHR movement by sequestering it
             into the nucleus through protein-protein interaction and a
             safeguard mechanism that relies on a SHR/SCR-dependent
             positive feedback loop for SCR transcription. Our studies
             with SHR and SCR homologs from rice suggest that this
             mechanism is evolutionarily conserved, providing a plausible
             explanation why nearly all plants have a single layer of
             endodermis.},
   Key = {fds140632}
}

@article{fds140633,
   Author = {JS Weitz and PN Benfey and NS Wingreen},
   Title = {Evolution, interactions, and biological networks.},
   Journal = {PLoS biology, United States},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {e11},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1545-7885},
   Keywords = {Bacteriophages • Ecology • Evolution, Molecular*
             • Gene Regulatory Networks* • Host-Parasite
             Interactions • Variation (Genetics) •
             standards},
   Key = {fds140633}
}

@article{fds140634,
   Author = {SM Brady and S Song and KS Dhugga and JA Rafalski and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {Combining expression and comparative evolutionary analysis.
             The COBRA gene family.},
   Journal = {Plant physiology, United States},
   Volume = {143},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {172-87},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0032-0889},
   Keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence • Arabidopsis • Arabidopsis
             Proteins • Cell Wall • Cluster Analysis •
             Evolution, Molecular* • Gene Expression Regulation,
             Plant • Glucosyltransferases • Glucuronidase
             • Membrane Glycoproteins • Molecular Sequence Data
             • Multigene Family* • Phylogeny • Plant
             Leaves • Plant Proteins • Plant Roots • Plant
             Stems • Sequence Alignment • Zea mays •
             analysis • classification • genetics •
             genetics* • growth & development • metabolism
             • physiology},
   Abstract = {Plant cell shape is achieved through a combination of
             oriented cell division and cell expansion and is defined by
             the cell wall. One of the genes identified to influence cell
             expansion in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root is
             the COBRA (COB) gene that belongs to a multigene family.
             Three members of the AtCOB gene family have been shown to
             play a role in specific types of cell expansion or cell wall
             biosynthesis. Functional orthologs of one of these genes
             have been identified in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza
             sativa; Schindelman et al., 2001; Li et al., 2003; Brown et
             al., 2005; Persson et al., 2005; Ching et al., 2006; Jones
             et al., 2006). We present the maize counterpart of the COB
             gene family and the COB gene superfamily phylogeny. Most of
             the genes belong to a family with two main clades as
             previously identified by analysis of the Arabidopsis family
             alone. Within these clades, however, clear differences
             between monocot and eudicot family members exist, and these
             are analyzed in the context of Type I and Type II cell walls
             in eudicots and monocots. In addition to changes at the
             sequence level, gene regulation of this family in a eudicot,
             Arabidopsis, and a monocot, maize, is also characterized.
             Gene expression is analyzed in a multivariate approach,
             using data from a number of sources, including massively
             parallel signature sequencing libraries, transcriptional
             reporter fusions, and microarray data. This analysis has
             revealed that the expression of Arabidopsis and maize COB
             gene family members is highly developmentally and spatially
             regulated at the tissue and cell type-specific level, that
             gene superfamily members show overlapping and unique
             expression patterns, and that only a subset of gene
             superfamily members act in response to environmental
             stimuli. Regulation of expression of the Arabidopsis COB
             gene family members has highly diversified in comparison to
             that of the maize COB gene superfamily members. We also
             identify BRITTLE STALK 2-LIKE 3 as a putative ortholog of
             AtCOB.},
   Key = {fds140634}
}

@article{fds52623,
   Author = {TA Long and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Transcription factors and hormones: new insights into plant
             cell differentiation.},
   Journal = {Curr Opin Cell Biol, United States},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {710-4},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   Abstract = {Plant development is a continuous process, mainly due to the
             presence of stem cell niches within the root and shoot. The
             interplay between a host of transcription factors determines
             whether the cells within the meristem maintain their stem
             cell state, differentiate into leaves or form secondary
             meristems, which develop into shoots and flowers. Several
             recent studies provide new insight into how transcription
             factors and phytohormones interact within meristems to
             control cell proliferation and differentiation.},
   Key = {fds52623}
}

@article{fds52624,
   Author = {SM Brady and TA Long and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Unraveling the dynamic transcriptome.},
   Journal = {Plant Cell, United States},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {2101-11},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {September},
   Key = {fds52624}
}

@article{fds52625,
   Author = {DL Mace and JY Lee and RW Twigg and J Colinas and PN Benfey and U
             Ohler},
   Title = {Quantification of transcription factor expression from
             Arabidopsis images.},
   Journal = {Bioinformatics, England},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {e323-31},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {July},
   Abstract = {MOTIVATION: Confocal microscopy has long provided
             qualitative information for a variety of applications in
             molecular biology. Recent advances have led to extensive
             image datasets, which can now serve as new data sources to
             obtain quantitative gene expression information. In contrast
             to microarrays, which usually provide data for many genes at
             one time point, these image data provide us with expression
             information for only one gene, but with the advantage of
             high spatial and/or temporal resolution, which is often
             lostin microarray samples. RESULTS: We have developed a
             prototype for the automatic analysis of Arabidopsis confocal
             images, which show the expression of a single transcription
             factor by means of GFP reporter constructs. Using techniques
             from image registration, we are able to address inherent
             problems of non-rigid transformation and partial mapping,
             and obtain relative expression values for 13 different
             tissues in Arabidopsis roots. This provides quantitative
             information with high spatial resolution, which accurately
             represents the underlying expression values within the
             organism. We validate our approach on a data set of 122
             images depicting expression patterns of 30 transcription
             factors, both in terms of registration accuracy, as well as
             correlation with cell-sorted microarray data. Approaches
             like this will be useful to lay the groundwork to
             reconstruct regulatory networks on the level of tissues or
             even individual cells. AVAILABILITY: Upon request from the
             authors.},
   Key = {fds52625}
}

@article{fds52626,
   Author = {MP Levesque and T Vernoux and W Busch and H Cui and JY Wang and I Blilou and H
             Hassan, K Nakajima and N Matsumoto and JU Lohmann and B Scheres and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {Whole-genome analysis of the SHORT-ROOT developmental
             pathway in Arabidopsis.},
   Journal = {PLoS Biol, United States},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {e143},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {May},
   Abstract = {Stem cell function during organogenesis is a key issue in
             developmental biology. The transcription factor SHORT-ROOT
             (SHR) is a critical component in a developmental pathway
             regulating both the specification of the root stem cell
             niche and the differentiation potential of a subset of stem
             cells in the Arabidopsis root. To obtain a comprehensive
             view of the SHR pathway, we used a statistical method called
             meta-analysis to combine the results of several microarray
             experiments measuring the changes in global expression
             profiles after modulating SHR activity. Meta-analysis was
             first used to identify the direct targets of SHR by
             combining results from an inducible form of SHR driven by
             its endogenous promoter, ectopic expression, followed by
             cell sorting and comparisons of mutant to wild-type roots.
             Eight putative direct targets of SHR were identified, all
             with expression patterns encompassing subsets of the native
             SHR expression domain. Further evidence for direct
             regulation by SHR came from binding of SHR in vivo to the
             promoter regions of four of the eight putative targets. A
             new role for SHR in the vascular cylinder was predicted from
             the expression pattern of several direct targets and
             confirmed with independent markers. The meta-analysis
             approach was then used to perform a global survey of the SHR
             indirect targets. Our analysis suggests that the SHR pathway
             regulates root development not only through a large
             transcription regulatory network but also through hormonal
             pathways and signaling pathways using receptor-like kinases.
             Taken together, our results not only identify the first
             nodes in the SHR pathway and a new function for SHR in the
             development of the vascular tissue but also reveal the
             global architecture of this developmental
             pathway.},
   Key = {fds52626}
}

@article{fds52627,
   Author = {JY Lee and J Colinas and JY Wang and D Mace and U Ohler and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of
             transcription factor expression in Arabidopsis
             roots.},
   Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, United States},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {6055-60},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {April},
   Abstract = {Understanding how the expression of transcription factor
             (TF) genes is modulated is essential for reconstructing gene
             regulatory networks. There is increasing evidence that
             sequences other than upstream noncoding can contribute to
             modulating gene expression, but how frequently they do so
             remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulation of TFs
             expressed in a tissue-enriched manner in Arabidopsis roots.
             For 61 TFs, we created GFP reporter constructs driven by
             each TF's upstream noncoding sequence (including the 5'UTR)
             fused to the GFP reporter gene alone or together with the
             TF's coding sequence. We compared the visually detectable
             GFP patterns with endogenous mRNA expression patterns, as
             defined by a genome-wide microarray root expression map. An
             automated image analysis method for quantifying GFP signals
             in different tissues was developed and used to validate our
             visual comparison method. From these combined analyses, we
             found that (i) the upstream noncoding sequence was
             sufficient to recapitulate the mRNA expression pattern for
             80% (35/44) of the TFs, and (ii) 25% of the TFs undergo
             posttranscriptional regulation via microRNA-mediated mRNA
             degradation (2/24) or via intercellular protein movement
             (6/24). The results suggest that, for Arabidopsis TFs,
             upstream noncoding sequences are major contributors to mRNA
             expression pattern establishment, but modulation of
             transcription factor protein expression pattern after
             transcription is relatively frequent. This study provides a
             systematic overview of regulation of TF expression at a
             cellular level.},
   Key = {fds52627}
}

@article{fds44171,
   Author = {J Friml and P Benfey and E Benková and M Bennett and T Berleth and N
             Geldner, M Grebe and M Heisler and J Hejátko and G Jürgens and T Laux and K Lindsey and W Lukowitz and C Luschnig and R Offringa and B Scheres and R
             Swarup, R Torres-Ruiz and D Weijers and E Zazímalová},
   Title = {Apical-basal polarity: why plant cells don't stand on their
             heads.},
   Journal = {Trends Plant Sci, England},
   Volume = {11},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {12-4},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds44171}
}

@article{fds44668,
   Author = {JR Dinneny and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Stem Cell Research Goes Underground: The
             RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED Gene in Root Development.},
   Journal = {Cell},
   Volume = {123},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1180-2},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   Abstract = {Both cellular differentiation and stem cell maintenance must
             occur at the root apex in order to ensure the continuous
             growth of plant roots. In this issue of Cell, reveal that a
             canonical Retinoblastoma pathway plays a crucial role in
             regulating the balance between differentiation and renewal
             of plant root stem cells.},
   Key = {fds44668}
}

@article{fds44172,
   Author = {J Lim and JW Jung and CE Lim and MH Lee and BJ Kim and M Kim and WB Bruce and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {Conservation and diversification of SCARECROW in
             maize.},
   Journal = {Plant Mol Biol, Netherlands},
   Volume = {59},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {619-30},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {November},
   Abstract = {The SCARECROW (SCR) gene in Arabidopsis is required for
             asymmetric cell divisions responsible for ground tissue
             formation in the root and shoot. Previously, we reported
             that Zea mays SCARECROW (ZmSCR) is the likely maize ortholog
             of SCR. Here we describe conserved and divergent aspects of
             ZmSCR. Its ability to complement the Arabidopsis scr mutant
             phenotype suggests conservation of function, yet its
             expression pattern during embryogenesis and in the shoot
             system indicates divergence. ZmSCR expression was detected
             early during embryogenesis and localized to the endodermal
             lineage in the root, showing a gradual regionalization of
             expression. Expression of ZmSCR appeared to be analogous to
             that of SCR during leaf formation. However, its absence from
             the maize shoot meristem and its early expression pattern
             during embryogenesis suggest a diversification of ZmSCR in
             the patterning processes in maize. To further investigate
             the evolutionary relationship of SCR and ZmSCR, we performed
             a phylogenetic analysis using Arabidopsis, rice and maize
             SCARECROW-LIKE genes (SCLs). We found SCL23 to be the most
             closely related to SCR in both eudicots and monocots,
             suggesting that a gene duplication resulting in SCR and
             SCL23 predates the divergence of dicots and
             monocots.},
   Key = {fds44172}
}

@article{fds44173,
   Author = {K Birnbaum and JW Jung and JY Wang and GM Lambert and JA Hirst and DW
             Galbraith, PN Benfey},
   Title = {Cell type-specific expression profiling in plants via cell
             sorting of protoplasts from fluorescent reporter
             lines.},
   Journal = {Nat Methods, United States},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {615-9},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {August},
   Key = {fds44173}
}

@article{fds44174,
   Author = {T Vernoux and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Signals that regulate stem cell activity during plant
             development.},
   Journal = {Curr Opin Genet Dev, England},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {388-94},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {August},
   Abstract = {Plant stem cells are used continuously to generate new
             structures during the entire life-span of the organism. In
             the adult plant, stem cells are found in specialized
             structures called meristems. The meristems contain the stem
             cell niche together with rapidly dividing daughter cells
             that will ultimately differentiate into specific cell types.
             Some of the master genes that orchestrate the establishment
             and maintenance of the stem cell niche have now been
             identified in both the root and the shoot. Recent results
             show that these genes also determine the fate of the stem
             cells and that feedback signals from differentiated cells
             are involved in stem cell specification. These advances have
             provided a framework to understand how short-range and
             long-range signals are integrated to specify and position
             the stem cell niche in the meristems, and how the
             differentiation potential of plant stem cells is
             controlled.},
   Key = {fds44174}
}

@article{fds44178,
   Author = {T Nawy and JY Lee and J Colinas and JY Wang and SC Thongrod and JE Malamy and K Birnbaum and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Transcriptional profile of the Arabidopsis root quiescent
             center.},
   Journal = {Plant Cell, United States},
   Volume = {17},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1908-25},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {July},
   Abstract = {The self-renewal characteristics of stem cells render them
             vital engines of development. To better understand the
             molecular mechanisms that determine the properties of stem
             cells, transcript profiling was conducted on quiescent
             center (QC) cells from the Arabidopsis thaliana root
             meristem. The AGAMOUS-LIKE 42 (AGL42) gene, which encodes a
             MADS box transcription factor whose expression is enriched
             in the QC, was used to mark these cells. RNA was isolated
             from sorted cells, labeled, and hybridized to Affymetrix
             microarrays. Comparisons with digital in situ expression
             profiles of surrounding tissues identified a set of genes
             enriched in the QC. Promoter regions from a subset of
             transcription factors identified as enriched in the QC
             conferred expression in the QC. These studies demonstrated
             that it is possible to successfully isolate and profile a
             rare cell type in the plant. Mutations in all enriched
             transcription factor genes including AGL42 exhibited no
             detectable root phenotype, raising the possibility of a high
             degree of functional redundancy in the QC.},
   Key = {fds44178}
}

@article{fds44175,
   Author = {AJ Paquette and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Maturation of the ground tissue of the root is regulated by
             gibberellin and SCARECROW and requires SHORT-ROOT.},
   Journal = {Plant Physiol, United States},
   Volume = {138},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {636-40},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds44175}
}

@article{fds44176,
   Author = {JY Lee and M Levesque and PN Benfey},
   Title = {High-throughput RNA isolation technologies. New tools for
             high-resolution gene expression profiling in plant
             systems.},
   Journal = {Plant Physiol, United States},
   Volume = {138},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {585-90},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds44176}
}

@article{fds44177,
   Author = {PN Benfey},
   Title = {Developmental networks.},
   Journal = {Plant Physiol, United States},
   Volume = {138},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {548-9},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds44177}
}

@article{fds44179,
   Author = {F Roudier and AG Fernandez and M Fujita and R Himmelspach and GH Borner and G Schindelman and S Song and TI Baskin and P Dupree and GO Wasteneys and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {COBRA, an Arabidopsis extracellular glycosyl-phosphatidyl
             inositol-anchored protein, specifically controls highly
             anisotropic expansion through its involvement in cellulose
             microfibril orientation.},
   Journal = {Plant Cell, United States},
   Volume = {17},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1749-63},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   Abstract = {The orientation of cell expansion is a process at the heart
             of plant morphogenesis. Cellulose microfibrils are the
             primary anisotropic material in the cell wall and thus are
             likely to be the main determinant of the orientation of cell
             expansion. COBRA (COB) has been identified previously as a
             potential regulator of cellulose biogenesis. In this study,
             characterization of a null allele, cob-4, establishes the
             key role of COB in controlling anisotropic expansion in most
             developing organs. Quantitative polarized-light and
             field-emission scanning electron microscopy reveal that loss
             of anisotropic expansion in cob mutants is accompanied by
             disorganization of the orientation of cellulose microfibrils
             and subsequent reduction of crystalline cellulose. Analyses
             of the conditional cob-1 allele suggested that COB is
             primarily implicated in microfibril deposition during rapid
             elongation. Immunodetection analysis in elongating root
             cells revealed that, in agreement with its substitution by a
             glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, COB was polarly
             targeted to both the plasma membrane and the longitudinal
             cell walls and was distributed in a banding pattern
             perpendicular to the longitudinal axis via a
             microtubule-dependent mechanism. Our observations suggest
             that COB, through its involvement in cellulose microfibril
             orientation, is an essential factor in highly anisotropic
             expansion during plant morphogenesis.},
   Key = {fds44179}
}

@article{fds44180,
   Author = {KL Gallagher and PN Benfey},
   Title = {Not just another hole in the wall: understanding
             intercellular protein trafficking.},
   Journal = {Genes Dev, United States},
   Volume = {19},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {189-95},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Development and differentiation of multicellular organisms
             requires cell-to-cell communication. In plants direct
             signaling and exchange of macromolecules between cells is
             possible through plasmodesmata. Recently direct exchange of
             membrane-bound vesicles and organelles has been demonstrated
             between animal cells through formation of cytoplasmic
             bridges (tunneling nanotubes) in vitro. Here we review
             recent developments in cell-to-cell trafficking of
             macromolecules in plants and animals.},
   Key = {fds44180}
}

@article{fds17046,
   Author = {Birnbaum, K. and Shasha, D.E. and Wang, J.Y. and Jung, J. and Lambert, G.M. and Galbraith, D.W. and P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {A gene expression map of the Arabidopsis
             root},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {302},
   Pages = {1956-60},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds17046}
}

@article{fds17047,
   Author = {Brenner ED and Stevenson DW and McCombie RW and Katari MS and Rudd SA and Mayer KF and Palenchar PM and Runko SJ and Twigg RW and Dai G and Martienssen RA and Benfey PN and Coruzzi GM},
   Title = {Expressed sequence tag analysis in Cycas, the most primitive
             living seed plant},
   Journal = {Genome Biology},
   Volume = {4},
   Pages = {R78},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds17047}
}

@article{fds17048,
   Author = {P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {Molecular biology: microRNA is here to stay},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {425(},
   Pages = {244-245},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds17048}
}

@article{fds17049,
   Author = {Levesque M and Shasha D and Kim W and Surette MG and P.N.
             Benfey},
   Title = {Trait-to-gene: a computational method for predicting the
             function of uncharacterized genes},
   Journal = {Current Biology},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {129-133},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds17049}
}

@article{fds29758,
   Author = {Birnbaum, K. and DeSalle, R. and Peters, C.M. and P.N.
             Benfey},
   Title = {Integrating gene flow, crop biology, and farm management in
             the on-farm conservation of avocado (Persea americana,
             Lauraceae).},
   Journal = {American Journal of Botany},
   Volume = {90},
   Pages = {1619-1627},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds29758}
}

@article{fds4157,
   Author = {Roudier, F. and Schindelman, G and DeSalle, R. and P.N.
             Benfey},
   Title = {The COBRA family of putative GPI-anchored proteins in
             Arabidopsis: a new fellowship in expansion.},
   Journal = {Plant Physiology},
   Volume = {130},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {538-48.},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds4157}
}

@article{fds4158,
   Author = {Muller S and Fuchs E and Ovecka M and Wysocka-Diller J and Benfey P.N and MT Hauser},
   Title = {Two new loci, PLEIADE and HYADE, implicate organ-specific
             regulation of cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.},
   Journal = {Plant Physiol.},
   Volume = {130},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {312-24},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds4158}
}

@article{fds4159,
   Author = {Colinas J and Birnbaum K and P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {Using cauliflower to find conserved non-coding regions in
             Arabidopsis.},
   Journal = {Plant Physiol.},
   Volume = {129},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {451-4},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds4159}
}

@article{fds4160,
   Author = {P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {Auxin action: slogging out of the swamp},
   Journal = {Curr Biol.},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {R389-90},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds4160}
}

@article{fds4161,
   Author = {Nakajima, K and P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {Signaling in and out: control of cell division and
             differentiation in the shoot and root.},
   Journal = {Plant Cell},
   Volume = {14},
   Pages = {S265-76},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds4161}
}

@article{fds5271,
   Author = {Birnbaum, K. and Benfey, P.N. and Peters, C.M. and R.
             DeSalle},
   Title = {MANAGEDPOP: a computer simulation to project allelic
             diversity in managed populations with overlapping
             generations},
   Journal = {Molecular Ecology Notes},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {615-617},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds5271}
}


%% Articles   
@article{fds152723,
   Author = {J Colinas and SC Schmidler and G Bohrer and B Iordanov and PN
             Benfey},
   Title = {Intergenic and genic sequence lengths have opposite
             relationships with respect to gene expression.},
   Journal = {PLoS ONE, United States},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {e3670},
   Year = {2008},
   Abstract = {Eukaryotic genomes are mostly composed of noncoding DNA
             whose role is still poorly understood. Studies in several
             organisms have shown correlations between the length of the
             intergenic and genic sequences of a gene and the expression
             of its corresponding mRNA transcript. Some studies have
             found a positive relationship between intergenic sequence
             length and expression diversity between tissues, and
             concluded that genes under greater regulatory control
             require more regulatory information in their intergenic
             sequences. Other reports found a negative relationship
             between expression level and gene length and the
             interpretation was that there is selection pressure for
             highly expressed genes to remain small. However, a
             correlation between gene sequence length and expression
             diversity, opposite to that observed for intergenic
             sequences, has also been reported, and to date there is no
             testable explanation for this observation. To shed light on
             these varied and sometimes conflicting results, we performed
             a thorough study of the relationships between sequence
             length and gene expression using cell-type (tissue) specific
             microarray data in Arabidopsis thaliana. We measured median
             gene expression across tissues (expression level),
             expression variability between tissues (expression pattern
             uniformity), and expression variability between replicates
             (expression noise). We found that intergenic (upstream and
             downstream) and genic (coding and noncoding) sequences have
             generally opposite relationships with respect to expression,
             whether it is tissue variability, median, or expression
             noise. To explain these results we propose a model, in which
             the lengths of the intergenic and genic sequences have
             opposite effects on the ability of the transcribed region of
             the gene to be epigenetically regulated for differential
             expression. These findings could shed light on the role and
             influence of noncoding sequences on gene
             expression.},
   Key = {fds152723}
}


%% Book Chapter   
@article{fds52786,
   Author = {Dinneny, J. and P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {Studying root development using a genomic
             approach},
   Booktitle = {Root Development},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds52786}
}

@article{fds52629,
   Author = {Lee, J-Y and P.N. Benfey},
   Title = {Root Apical Meristems},
   Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Life Sciences},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds52629}
}

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