%% Books
@book{fds365866,
Author = {Honig, WK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Introduction},
Pages = {1-6},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9781032188645},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003256670-1},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003256670-1},
Key = {fds365866}
}
@book{fds365868,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Handbook of operant behavior},
Pages = {1-710},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9781032188645},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003256670},
Abstract = {This classic edition of the Handbook of Operant Behavior
presents seminal work in the field of learning and behavior,
foreshadowing a new direction for learning research, and
presenting many questions that remain unanswered. Featuring
impressive contributions from leading figures across the
field-ranging from N. J. Mackintosh from what was to become
the cognitive school through Morse, Kelleher, Hutchinson,
and Hineline on the neglected topic of aversive control to
Blough and Blough on psychophysics to Philip Teitelbaum on
behavioral physiology-the book is a must-read for anyone
interested in human and animal learning. In a newly written
introduction, J. E. R. Staddon highlights several issues
that deserve more attention: how language is learned and
syntax evolves, how animals choose, and a new paradigm for
the study of learning in general. The book is essential
reading for all students and researchers of learning and
behavior, and aims to encourage researchers to revisit some
of the fascinating behavioral questions raised by the
original book.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003256670},
Key = {fds365868}
}
@book{fds365869,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Introduction to the classic edition: Handbook of operant
behavior},
Pages = {ix-xiii},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9781032188645},
Key = {fds365869}
}
@book{fds362350,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The New Behaviorism: Foundations of Behavioral
Science},
Pages = {1-314},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780367745813},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158578},
Abstract = {This ground-breaking book presents a brief history of
behaviorism, along with a critical analysis of radical
behaviorism, its philosophy and its applications to social
issues. This third edition is much expanded and includes a
new chapter on experimental method as well as longer
sections on the philosophy of behaviorism. It offers
experimental and theoretical examples of a new approach to
behavioral science. It provides an alternative philosophical
and empirical foundation for a psychology that has rather
lost its way. The mission of the book is to help steer
experimental psychology away from its current undisciplined
indulgence in "mental life" toward the core of science,
which is an economical description of nature: parsimony,
explain much with little. The elementary philosophical
distinction between private and public events, even biology,
evolution and animal psychology are all ignored by much
contemporary cognitive psychology. The failings of radical
behaviorism as well as a philosophically defective cognitive
psychology point to the need for a new theoretical
behaviorism, which can deal with problems such as
"consciousness" that have been either ignored, evaded or
muddled by existing approaches. This new behaviorism
provides a unified framework for the science of behavior
that can be applied both to the laboratory and to broader
practical issues such as law and punishment, the health-care
system, and teaching.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003158578},
Key = {fds362350}
}
@book{fds332757,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Scientific method: How science works, fails to work, and
pretends to work},
Pages = {1-148},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9781138295353},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315100708},
Abstract = {This book shows how science works, fails to work, or
pretends to work, by looking at examples from such diverse
fields as physics, biomedicine, psychology, and economics.
Social science affects our lives every day through the
predictions of experts and the rules and regulations they
devise. Sciences like economics, sociology and health are
subject to more 'operating limitations' than classical
fields like physics or chemistry or biology. Yet, their
methods and results must also be judged according to the
same scientific standards. Every literate citizen should
understand these standards and be able to tell the
difference between good science and bad. Scientific Method
enables readers to develop a critical, informed view of
scientific practice by discussing concrete examples of how
real scientists have approached the problems of their
fields. It is ideal for students and professionals trying to
make sense of the role of science in society, and of the
meaning, value, and limitations of scientific methodology in
the social sciences.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315100708},
Key = {fds332757}
}
@book{fds313403,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Unlucky Strike: Private Health and the Science, Law and
Politics of Smoking. Buckingham, UK: University of
Buckingham Press.},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {https://ubpl.buckingham.ac.uk/?s=staddon},
Key = {fds313403}
}
@book{fds335755,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Adaptive Behavior and Learning: Second Edition},
Pages = {1-599},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9781107082472},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139998369},
Abstract = {Every day at about 4:30, Jazz, a Hungarian Vizsla dog, leaps
up on the sofa and looks out for his owner who always comes
home at 5:00. He doesn't need an internal clock because he
has an acute sense of smell that allows him to measure how
long his master has been absent. Explaining complex behavior
in simple ways, this book is a fascinating exploration of
the evolution, development and processes of learning in
animals. Now in its second edition, there is increased
emphasis on development, evolution and dynamics; new
accounts of taxic orientation, reflex induction, habituation
and operant learning in organisms; more discussion of
spatial learning and the processes underlying it; expanded
chapters on choice and completely new chapters on molar
laws, classical conditioning theories and comparative
cognition. J. E. R. Staddon provides a definitive summary of
contemporary theoretical understanding suitable for
graduates and advanced undergraduates.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139998369},
Key = {fds335755}
}
@book{fds318787,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Adaptive Behavior and Learning},
Pages = {608 pages},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {2016},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9781107082472},
Abstract = {Summarizes the current state of both theoretical and
experimental knowledge about learning in
animals.},
Key = {fds318787}
}
@book{fds365541,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Scientific Method},
Year = {2015},
Abstract = {How science works, fails to work or pretends to
work.},
Key = {fds365541}
}
@book{fds328629,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The new behaviorism, second edition},
Pages = {1-282},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781315798172},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315798172},
Abstract = {This second edition is a completely rewritten and much
expanded version of the first edition, published nearly 15
years earlier. It surveys what changes have occurred within
behaviorism and whether it has maintained its influence on
experimental cognitive psychology or other
fields.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315798172},
Key = {fds328629}
}
@book{fds313405,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The New Behaviorism},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://www.psypress.com/books/details/9781848726888/},
Key = {fds313405}
}
@book{fds352588,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The Malign Hand of the Markets: The Insidious Forces on Wall
Street that are Destroying Financial Markets – and What We
Can Do About it},
Pages = {304 pages},
Publisher = {McGraw Hill Professional},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISBN = {9780071797412},
Abstract = {But Duke University professor John Staddon is here to tell
that there’s also another, darker force at work on Wall
Street—a “Malign Hand” that guides all human
interactions, including our finances.},
Key = {fds352588}
}
@book{fds313404,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The Malign Hand of the Markets},
Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.amazon.com/The-Malign-Hand-Markets-Destroying/dp/B00FKZ8624/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1396619492&sr=8-3&keywords=malign+hand},
Key = {fds313404}
}
@book{fds204528,
Author = {J. E. R. Staddon},
Title = {Adaptive behavior and learning.},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press. New (updated internet
edition)},
Year = {2010},
url = {http://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/2878},
Key = {fds204528}
}
@conference{fds14388,
Author = {Staddon, J. E. R.},
Title = {Adaptive behavior and learning.},
Journal = {New York: Cambridge University Press (1st edition.
1983)},
Series = {Second (internet) edition},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://psychweb.psych.duke.edu/department/jers/abl/TableC.htm},
Abstract = {psychweb.psych.duke.edu/department/jers/abl/TableC.htm},
Key = {fds14388}
}
@book{fds41034,
Author = {J. E. R. Staddon},
Title = {Adaptive Behavior and Learning},
Series = {New Edition of 1983 Cambridge U. P. book},
Publisher = {Internet Edition},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://psychweb.psych.duke.edu/department/jers/abl/TableC.htm},
Key = {fds41034}
}
@book{fds14394,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R.},
Title = {The New Behaviorism: Mind, Mechanism and
Society},
Pages = {xiii, 1-211},
Publisher = {Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds14394}
}
@book{fds14395,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R.},
Title = {Adaptive Dynamics: The Theoretical Analysis of
Behavior},
Pages = {xiv, 1-423},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: MIT/Bradford},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds14395}
}
@book{fds41344,
Author = {J. Staddon and J.E.R},
Title = {Behaviorism: Mind, Mechanism and Society},
Pages = {1-128},
Publisher = {London: Duckworth},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds41344}
}
@book{fds41377,
Author = {Staddon, J. E. R. and Ettinger, R. H},
Title = {Learning: An introduction to the principles of adaptive
behavior},
Pages = {i-ix, 1-436},
Publisher = {San Diego: Harcourt-Brace-Jovanovich},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds41377}
}
@book{fds41428,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Adaptive behavior and learning},
Pages = {xiii, 1-555},
Publisher = {New York: Cambridge University Press},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds41428}
}
%% Papers Published
@article{fds373392,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Diverse Identities are Irrelevant to Science},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {43-46},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/36.2.8},
Doi = {10.51845/36.2.8},
Key = {fds373392}
}
@article{fds375292,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The Diversity Dilemma},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {109-111},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34.3.17},
Doi = {10.51845/34.3.17},
Key = {fds375292}
}
@article{fds375293,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The Devolution of Psychological Science: Memes, Culture, and
Systemic Racism},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {42-47},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34.3.6},
Doi = {10.51845/34.3.6},
Key = {fds375293}
}
@article{fds373553,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The Behaviorist Plot},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {57-63},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34su.2.8},
Doi = {10.51845/34su.2.8},
Key = {fds373553}
}
@article{fds375294,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Can Science be Saved?},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-97},
Year = {2021},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34su.2.11},
Doi = {10.51845/34su.2.11},
Key = {fds375294}
}
@article{fds373393,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {History of Science: Politicizing a Discipline},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20-30},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34s.1.4},
Doi = {10.51845/34s.1.4},
Key = {fds373393}
}
@article{fds350253,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The Role of Theory in Behavior Analysis: A Response to
Unfinished Business, Travis Thompson's Review of
Staddon's New Behaviorism (2nd
edition).},
Journal = {The Psychological record},
Volume = {71},
Number = {3},
Pages = {473-479},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40732-020-00409-y},
Abstract = {Travis Thompson's lengthy review of Staddon's <i>The New
Behaviorism</i> requires several corrections and extensions.
This response discusses Staddon's analysis of Herrnstein's
matching law and concludes that Thompson misinterprets a
gentle critique as a paean. The response goes on to defend
the utility of models and "internal states" (i.e.,
postulated processes that are not directly measurable) as
"formal representation[s] of the data reduced to a minimal
number of terms," a position similar to one of B. F.
Skinner's statements. The response ends with a defense of
Skinner's empirical brilliance, but a critique of his
sweeping societal prescriptions.},
Doi = {10.1007/s40732-020-00409-y},
Key = {fds350253}
}
@article{fds352794,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {What’s Really Wrong with America},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {586-591},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-020-09930-6},
Doi = {10.1007/s12129-020-09930-6},
Key = {fds352794}
}
@article{fds350868,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Variation and Diversity: A Tribute to Freeman
Dyson},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {436-447},
Year = {2020},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-020-09892-9},
Doi = {10.1007/s12129-020-09892-9},
Key = {fds350868}
}
@article{fds349752,
Author = {Staddon, J and Morcombe, P},
Title = {The Case for Carbon Dioxide},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {33},
Number = {2},
Pages = {246-258},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-020-09871-0},
Doi = {10.1007/s12129-020-09871-0},
Key = {fds349752}
}
@article{fds348992,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The dynamics of behavior: Review of Sutton and Barto:
Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction
(2nd ed.)},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {113},
Number = {2},
Pages = {485-491},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.587},
Doi = {10.1002/jeab.587},
Key = {fds348992}
}
@article{fds349306,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Facts vs. Passion: The Debate over Science-Based
Regulation},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-110},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09861-x},
Doi = {10.1007/s12129-019-09861-x},
Key = {fds349306}
}
@article{fds347649,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {College Admissions Ride the Equality Roundabout},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {32},
Number = {4},
Pages = {487-496},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09831-3},
Doi = {10.1007/s12129-019-09831-3},
Key = {fds347649}
}
@article{fds342723,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Object of Inquiry: Psychology’s Other (Non-replication)
Problem},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {246-256},
Publisher = {National Association of Scholars},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09778-5},
Doi = {10.1007/s12129-019-09778-5},
Key = {fds342723}
}
@article{fds341517,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {What's in the journals?},
Journal = {Economist (United Kingdom)},
Volume = {414},
Number = {9096},
Pages = {9BDUMMY},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds341517}
}
@article{fds329016,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Simply Too Many Notes.},
Journal = {The Behavior analyst},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-106},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40614-017-0086-9},
Doi = {10.1007/s40614-017-0086-9},
Key = {fds329016}
}
@article{fds328628,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Theoretical behaviorism, economic theory, and
choice},
Journal = {History of Political Economy},
Volume = {48},
Number = {suppl 1},
Pages = {316-331},
Publisher = {Duke University Press},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-3619334},
Abstract = {Choice behavior is studied differently in humans and in
animals, and different theories have arisen to explain the
results. I suggest that an approach derived from animal
studies is also appropriate for human choice. Daniel
Kahneman and Amos Tversky’s prospect theory, a popular
two-part account of human choice, is a functional theory
amounting, after some years of evolution, to a
classification of types of deviation from “rational”
reward maximization. Animal choice, on the other hand, can
be explained causally as the outcome of competition between
a set of possible responses with different “strengths."
The strength of each response is directly related to its
historical payoff probability, and responses compete in
winner-take-all fashion. An “active” response occurs and
is strengthened or weakened depending on its outcome. If it
is sufficiently weakened, it will be supplanted by the
strongest “silent” response. This cumulative effects
(CE) model has been tested in operant conditioning
experiments that show, for example, that when choosing
between two identical probabilistic choices in a
“two-armed bandit” situation, animals will fixate on one
if the payoff probabilities are high, but be indifferent if
they are low, a pattern not easily deducible from any kind
of optimality theory. Kahneman’s distinction between
“fast” and “slow” systems is indistinguishable from
the distinction between active and silent responses in the
CE model, which therefore offers a causal account of human
as well as animal choice behavior.},
Doi = {10.1215/00182702-3619334},
Key = {fds328628}
}
@article{fds355274,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The Englishman: Memoirs of a psychobiologist},
Publisher = {University of Buckingham Press},
Year = {2016},
Key = {fds355274}
}
@article{fds287963,
Author = {Cerutti, DT and Jozefowiez, J and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Rapid, accurate time estimation in zebrafish (Danio
rerio).},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {99},
Pages = {21-25},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000326133400004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Zebrafish were tested in an appetitive Pavlovian delayed
conditioning task. After an intertrial interval of k*T s
(k=11.25; T=8, 16 or 32 s), a small, translucent vertical
pole was illuminated (CS) for T s. Food was presented at T/2
s. Pole-biting response latencies from CS onset were a
linear function of the food delay T/2, with slope
approximating unity (proportional timing), and standard
deviation proportional to latency (scalar timing). Response
latencies tracked changes in food delays even when they
changed every other day. These findings are significant
because the zebrafish genome has recently been sequenced,
opening the door to studies in the genetics of interval
timing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2013.06.007},
Key = {fds287963}
}
@article{fds340473,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {B. F. Skinner: Mistaken – or Misunderstood?},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {The chief offense of “political correctness” is its
unreflective certainty – about which causes to hail or
demonize and about the necessity to take sides on every
issue. Science has no room for such dogmatism, of course.
Yet, human nature being what it is, in the softer sciences,
at least, demonization of “outs” and automatic
acceptance of “ins” is the rule rather than the
exception. For many years in experimental psychology, the
“ins” have been the “cognitive” psychologists and
the “outs” the behaviorists, especially the radical
behaviorist followers of B. F. Skinner, whose life and work
are the topics of these two books...},
Key = {fds340473}
}
@article{fds287962,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Faith, Fact, and Behaviorism.},
Journal = {The Behavior analyst},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {229-238},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0738-6729},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000327582400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {David Hume argued that <i>ought</i> cannot be derived from
<i>is</i>. That is, no set of facts, no amount of scientific
knowledge, is by itself sufficient to urge us to action. Yet
generations of well-meaning scientists (more and more as
secular influences grow in the West) seem to have forgotten
Hume's words of wisdom. All motivated action depends
ultimately on beliefs that cannot be proved by the methods
of science, that is, on faith.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf03392309},
Key = {fds287962}
}
@article{fds355275,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Unlucky Strike: Private Health and the Science, Law and
Politics of Smoking.},
Publisher = {University of Buckingham Press},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds355275}
}
@article{fds287975,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and McDowell, JJ and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Editorial: choice studies in transition.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {94},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-160},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000281618800004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2010.94-159},
Key = {fds287975}
}
@article{fds288029,
Author = {Staddon, JER and MacPhail, RC and Padilla, S},
Title = {The dynamics of successive induction in larval
zebrafish.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {94},
Number = {2},
Pages = {261-266},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000281618800011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Charles Sherrington identified the properties of the synapse
by purely behavioral means-the study of reflexes-more than
100 years ago. They were subsequently confirmed
neurophysiologically. Studying reflex interaction, he also
showed that activating one reflex often facilitates another,
antagonistic one: successive induction, which has since been
demonstrated in a wide range of species, from aphids to
locusts to dogs and humans. We show a particularly orderly
example in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae; the behavior
(locomotion) of larvae is low in dark and intermediate in
light, but low in light and substantially higher in dark
when dark followed light. A quantitative model of a simple
dynamic process is described that readily captures the
behavior pattern and the effects of a number of
manipulations of lighting conditions.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2010.94-261},
Key = {fds288029}
}
@article{fds325718,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Faith and goodness: A reply to Hocutt},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {181-185},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3391},
Abstract = {Professor Hocutt and I agree that David Hume first pointed
out that "ought"-what should be done-cannot be derived from
"is"-what is the case. Hocutt goes on to claim that "ought,"
in fact, derives from factual observation of "what we care
about," which amounts to saying "you should do what you want
to do." This seems to me unsatisfactory as moral philosophy.
© 2009 Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies.},
Key = {fds325718}
}
@article{fds288022,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and Staddon, JER and Cerutti, DT},
Title = {The behavioral economics of choice and interval
timing.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {116},
Number = {3},
Pages = {519-539},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000268263800004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The authors propose a simple behavioral economic model (BEM)
describing how reinforcement and interval timing interact.
The model assumes a Weber-law-compliant logarithmic
representation of time. Associated with each represented
time value are the payoffs that have been obtained for each
possible response. At a given real time, the response with
the highest payoff is emitted. The model accounts for a wide
range of data from procedures such as simple bisection,
metacognition in animals, economic effects in free-operant
psychophysical procedures, and paradoxical choice in
double-bisection procedures. Although it assumes logarithmic
time representation, it can also account for data from the
time-left procedure usually cited in support of linear time
representation. It encounters some difficulties in complex
free-operant choice procedures, such as concurrent mixed
fixed-interval schedules as well as some of the data on
double bisection, which may involve additional processes.
Overall, BEM provides a theoretical framework for
understanding how reinforcement and interval timing work
together to determine choice between temporally
differentiated reinforcers.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0016171},
Key = {fds288022}
}
@article{fds204525,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and Staddon, J. E. R. and Cerutti, D.
T.},
Title = {Metacognition in animals: how do we know that they
know?},
Journal = {Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviews,
2009.},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {29-39},
Year = {2009},
Abstract = {Research on animal metacognition has typically used choice
discriminations whose difficulty can be varied. Animals are
given some opportunity to escape the discrimination task by
emitting a so-called uncertain response. The usual claim is
that an animal possesses metacognition if (a) the
probability of picking the uncertain response increases with
task difficulty, and (b) animals are more accurate on
“free-choice” trials —i.e., trials where the uncertain
response was available but was not chosen—than on
“forced-choice” trials, where the uncertain response is
unavailable. We describe a simple behavioral economic model
(BEM), based on familiar learning principles, and thus
lacking any metacognition construct, which is able to meet
both criteria in most of these tasks. We conclude that
rather than designing ever more complex experiments to
identify “metacognition,” a necessarily ill-defined
concept, knowledge might better be advanced not by further
refining behavioral criteria for the concept, but by the
development and testing of theoretical models for the clever
behavior that many animals show in these
experiments.},
Key = {fds204525}
}
@article{fds288031,
Author = {John Staddon},
Title = {Distracting Miss Daisy},
Journal = {The Atlantic},
Pages = {102-104},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200807/traffic/1},
Abstract = {Why stop signs and speed limits endanger
Americans.},
Key = {fds288031}
}
@article{fds288032,
Author = {John Staddon},
Title = {Gridlock: Research, teaching, curriculum, and the faculty in
the modern university.Review of Whatever Happened to the
Faculty? Drift and Decision in Higher Education, by Mary
Burgan. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
2006},
Journal = {Academic Questions},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {370-381},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds288032}
}
@article{fds330412,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Born to govern [4]},
Journal = {Economist},
Volume = {382},
Number = {8522},
Pages = {16},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds330412}
}
@article{fds157137,
Author = {J. E. R. Staddon and Jozefowiez, J. and Cerutti, D.
T.},
Title = {Staddon, J. E. R., (2007) Metacognition: A Problem not a
Process. PsyCrit, April. http://psycrit.com/Articles},
Journal = {PsyCrit},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
url = {http://psycrit.com/Articles},
Keywords = {metacognition • timing},
Abstract = {"Metacognition" in animals can be explained by familiar
learning principles...},
Key = {fds157137}
}
@article{fds288026,
Author = {Zanutto, BS and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Correction: Bang-Bang Control of Feeding: Role of
Hypothalamic and Satiety Signals},
Journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e127-e127},
Publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1553-734X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000249105500022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030127},
Key = {fds288026}
}
@article{fds288030,
Author = {Zanutto, BS and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Bang-bang control of feeding: Role of hypothalamic and
satiety signals},
Journal = {PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY},
Volume = {3},
Number = {5},
Pages = {924-931},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1553-734X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000249105100015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Keywords = {feeding • hypothalamus},
Abstract = {Rats, people, and many other omnivores eat in meals rather
than continuously. We show by experimental test that eating
in meals is regulated by a simple bang-bang control system,
an idea foreshadowed by Le Magnen and many others, shown by
us to account for a wide range of behavioral data, but never
explicitly tested or tied to neurophysiological facts. The
hypothesis is simply that the tendency to eat rises with
time at a rate determined by satiety signals. When these
signals fall below a set point, eating begins, in on-off
fashion. The delayed sequelae of eating increment the
satiety signals, which eventually turn eating off. Thus,
under free conditions, the organism eats in bouts separated
by noneating activities. We report an experiment with rats
to test novel predictions about meal patterns that are not
explained by existing homeostatic approaches. Access to food
was systematically but unpredictably interrupted just as the
animal tried to start a new meal. A simple bang-bang model
fits the resulting meal-pattern data well, and its elements
can be identified with neurophysiological processes.
Hypothalamic inputs can provide the set point for
longer-term regulation carried out by a comparator in the
hindbrain. Delayed gustatory and gastrointestinal
aftereffects of eating act via the nucleus of the solitary
tract and other hindbrain regions as neural feedback
governing short-term regulation. In this way, the model
forges real links between a functioning feedback mechanism,
neuro-hormonal data, and both short-term (meals) and
long-term (eating-rate regulation) behavioral
data.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030097},
Key = {fds288030}
}
@article{fds328630,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Did Skinner miss the point about teaching?},
Journal = {International Journal of Psychology},
Volume = {41},
Number = {6},
Pages = {555-558},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590500492708},
Abstract = {The Darwinian metaphor, to which Skinner was an early
contributor, has been a commonplace for several years.
Skinner was sure that much can be learned from experiments
with animals, and those strategies that work best for the
training of animals can and should be applied to the
education of humans. However, his claims about how best to
teach people, especially intelligent people who are learning
difficult things, have several problems. Operant behaviour
is emitted (it is spontaneous, at least on first
occurrence). Emitted behaviour selected by reinforcement can
be compared to the Darwinian idea of selection and
variation. Operant learning is seen as interplay between
response emission (variation) and reinforcement (selection).
In applying his ideas to teaching, Skinner emphasized
selection almost exclusively. But the real puzzle posed by
non-rote learning, in both animals and humans, is not
selection but the sources of variation that cause an action
or an idea to appear for the first time. It is in this sense
that Skinner's whole discussion of teaching missed the
point. The Darwinian framework for behaviour analysis points
to the fact that processes of variation exist, even though
they have been neglected in favour of an almost exclusive
focus on reinforcement and selection. © 2006 International
Union of Psychological Science.},
Doi = {10.1080/00207590500492708},
Key = {fds328630}
}
@article{fds287965,
Author = {Staddon, JER and higa, JJ},
Title = {Interval timing},
Journal = {NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE},
Volume = {7},
Number = {8},
Pages = {5 pages},
Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1471-0048},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000239653800017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1038/nrn1796-c1},
Key = {fds287965}
}
@article{fds287995,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and Cerutti, DT and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Timescale invariance and Weber's law in choice.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior
processes},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {229-238},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000239045200003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to concurrent schedules for which
reinforcement was alternately available at different times
for each of two choices. In Experiment 1 (in which
reinforcement times progressed arithmetically), overall, but
not relative, response rate was timescale invariant. In
Experiment 2 (in which reinforcement times progressed
geometrically and were more spaced out), there was temporal
control at all reinforcement times, but the amplitude of
left-right response alternation decreased as time in the
trial increased. These results indicate that the temporal
regulation of both overall and relative response rates
conforms to Weber's law although relative rate is heavily
influenced by processes other than timing. It also adds
support to the idea that overall and relative response rate
reflects the operation of two independent
processes.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.32.3.229},
Key = {fds287995}
}
@article{fds288034,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Interval timing: memory, not a clock.},
Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
Volume = {9},
Number = {7},
Pages = {312-314},
Year = {2005},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000230777900003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Anticipation of periodic events signalled by a time marker,
or interval timing, has been explained by a separate
pacemaker-counter clock. However, recent research has added
support to an older idea: that memory strength can act as a
clock. The way that memory strength decreases with time can
be inferred from the properties of habituation, and the
underlying process also provides a unified explanation for
proportional timing, the Weber-law property and several
other properties of interval timing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2005.05.013},
Key = {fds288034}
}
@article{fds288133,
Author = {Ludvig, EA and Staddon, JER},
Title = {The effects of interval duration on temporal tracking and
alternation learning.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {83},
Number = {3},
Pages = {243-262},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000229710900005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {On cyclic-interval reinforcement schedules, animals
typically show a postreinforcement pause that is a function
of the immediately preceding time interval (temporal
tracking). Animals, however, do not track single-alternation
schedules-when two different intervals are presented in
strict alternation on successive trials. In this experiment,
pigeons were first trained with a cyclic schedule consisting
of alternating blocks of 12 short intervals (5 s or 30 s)
and 12 long intervals (180 s), followed by three different
single-alternation interval schedules: (a) 30 s and 180 s,
(b) 5 s and 180 s, and (c) 5 s and 30 s. Pigeons tracked
both schedules with alternating blocks of 12 intervals. With
the single-alternation schedules, when the short interval
duration was 5 s, regardless of the duration of the longer
interval, pigeons learned the alternation pattern, and their
pause anticipated the upcoming interval. When the shorter
interval was 30 s, even when the ratio of short to long
intervals was kept at 6:1, pigeons did not initially show
anticipatory pausing-a violation of the principle of
timescale invariance.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2005.88-04},
Key = {fds288133}
}
@article{fds288135,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and Cerutti, DT and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Timing in choice experiments.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior
processes},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {213-225},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000228674900008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In Experiment 1, pigeons chose between variable- and
fixed-interval schedules. The timer for 1 schedule was reset
by a reinforcement on that schedule or on either schedule.
In both cases, the pigeons timed reinforcement on each
schedule from trial onset. The data further suggest that
their behavior reflects 2 independent processes: 1 deciding
when a response should be emitted and responsible for the
timing of the overall activity, and the other determining
what this response should be and responsible for the
allocation of behavior between the 2 response keys. Results
from Experiment 2, which studied choice between 2
fixed-interval schedules, support those 2 conclusions. These
results have implications for the study of operant choice in
general.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.31.2.213},
Key = {fds288135}
}
@article{fds335756,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Fair Profiling},
Year = {2005},
Abstract = {There are several strategies available to police
“stopping” suspects. Most efficient is to stop only
members of the group with the highest a priori probability
of guilt; least efficient is indiscriminate stopping. An
efficient option that satisfies one criterion for fairness
is a strategy that matches stop probability to risk
probability. But a strategy that chooses stop probabilities
so that the absolute number of innocents stopped is equal
for all groups is close to maximally efficient and seems
fair by almost any criterion.},
Key = {fds335756}
}
@article{fds288038,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Scientific imperialism and behaviorist epistemology},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {231-242},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1053-8348},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000224037200013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {E.O. Wilson and B.F. Skinner have argued for an evolutionary
ethics that allows what ought to be to be derived from what
is-ethics from science. Evolution is inherently
unpredictable, however, and some practices whose benefits
cannot be proved might nevertheless turn out to be good for
the survival of a culture or the race. Other practices that
seem to be good might turn out to be bad. Consequently, the
evolutionary - argument implies that a successful culture
will believe some things that cannot be proved, and it tells
us that we cannot know in advance what those things will
be.},
Key = {fds288038}
}
@article{fds288134,
Author = {Ludvig, EA and Staddon, JER},
Title = {The conditions for temporal tracking under interval
schedules of reinforcement.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior
processes},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {299-316},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000224464700005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {On many cyclic-interval schedules, animals adjust their
postreinforcement pause to follow the interval duration
(temporal tracking). Six pigeons were trained on a series of
square-wave (2-valued) interval schedules (e.g., 12
fixed-interval [FI] 60, 4 FI 180). Experiment 1 showed that
pigeons track square-wave schedules, except those with a
single long interval per cycle. Experiments 2 and 3
established that tracking and nontracking are learned and
both can transfer from one cyclic schedule to another.
Experiment 4 demonstrated that pigeons track a schedule with
a single short interval per cycle, suggesting that a dual
process--cuing and tracking--is necessary to explain
behavior on these schedules. These findings suggest a
potential explanation for earlier results that reported a
failure to track square-wave schedules.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.30.4.299},
Key = {fds288134}
}
@article{fds287997,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {RESPONSE TO COMMENTATORS},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {82},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-124},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000223829500013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2004.82-121},
Key = {fds287997}
}
@article{fds288027,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {THE OLD BEHAVIORISM: A RESPONSE TO WILLIAM BAUM'S REVIEW
OF THE NEW BEHAVIORISM},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {82},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-83},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000223829500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2004.82-79},
Key = {fds288027}
}
@article{fds340474,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {A Remarkable Book},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
Abstract = {Winston Churchill in old age was presented by the House of
Commons with his portrait, painted by Graham Sutherland, a
well-known British artist. When the picture was unveiled in
Westminster Hall, Churchill looked at it for a few seconds
and then commented: “The portrait is a remarkable example
of modern art!” Just what he meant by “remarkable” may
be inferred from the fact that the picture has never been
seen again (Clementine Churchill evidently burnt it). It is
in this sense that The Myth of Ownership is a remarkable
book...},
Key = {fds340474}
}
@article{fds288147,
Author = {Cerutti, DT and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Time and rate measures in choice transitions.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {81},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-154},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000221963000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Three experiments with pigeons studied the relation between
time and rate measures of behavior under conditions of
changing preference. Experiment 1 studied a concurrent chain
schedule with random-interval initial links and
fixed-interval terminal links; Experiment 2 studied a
multiple chained random-interval fixed-interval schedule;
and Experiment 3 studied simple concurrent random-interval
random-interval schedules. In Experiment 1, and to a lesser
extent in the other two experiments, session-average
initial-link wait-time differences were linearly related to
session-average response-rate differences. In Experiment 1,
and to a lesser extent in Experiment 3, ratios of
session-average initial-link wait times and response rates
were related by a power function. The weaker relations
between wait and response measures in Experiment 2 appear to
be due to the absence of competition between responses. In
Experiments 1 and 2, initial-link changes lagged behind
terminal-link changes. These findings may have implications
for the relations between fixed- and variable-interval
procedures and suggest that more attention should be paid to
temporal measures in studies of free-operant
choice.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2004.81-135},
Key = {fds288147}
}
@article{fds287973,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {A call to arms.},
Journal = {The Behavior analyst},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-118},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0738-6729},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000221605300014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/bf03392098},
Key = {fds287973}
}
@article{fds288138,
Author = {Cerutti, DT and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Immediacy versus anticipated delay in the time-left
experiment: a test of the cognitive hypothesis.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior
processes},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-57},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000187957300004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In the time-left experiment (J. Gibbon & R. M. Church,
1981), animals are said to compare an expectation of a fixed
delay to food, for one choice, with a decreasing delay
expectation for the other, mentally representing both
upcoming time to food and the difference between current
time and upcoming time (the cognitive hypothesis). The
results of 2 experiments support a simpler view: that
animals choose according to the immediacies of reinforcement
for each response at a time signaled by available time
markers (the temporal control hypothesis). It is not
necessary to assume that animals can either represent or
subtract representations of times to food to explain the
results of the time-left experiment.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.30.1.45},
Key = {fds288138}
}
@article{fds328631,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Editor: Fact, value, and science},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {193},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds328631}
}
@article{fds288004,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Cerutti, DT},
Title = {Operant conditioning.},
Journal = {Annual review of psychology},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {115-144},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0066-4308},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000181435000006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Operant behavior is behavior "controlled" by its
consequences. In practice, operant conditioning is the study
of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement
schedules. We review empirical studies and theoretical
approaches to two large classes of operant behavior:
interval timing and choice. We discuss cognitive versus
behavioral approaches to timing, the "gap" experiment and
its implications, proportional timing and Weber's law,
temporal dynamics and linear waiting, and the problem of
simple chain-interval schedules. We review the long history
of research on operant choice: the matching law, its
extensions and problems, concurrent chain schedules, and
self-control. We point out how linear waiting may be
involved in timing, choice, and reinforcement schedules
generally. There are prospects for a unified approach to all
these areas.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145124},
Key = {fds288004}
}
@article{fds288145,
Author = {Dragoi, V and Staddon, JER and Palmer, RG and Buhusi,
CV},
Title = {Interval timing as an emergent learning property.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {110},
Number = {1},
Pages = {126-144},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.126},
Abstract = {Interval timing in operant conditioning is the learned
covariation of a temporal dependent measure such as wait
time with a temporal independent variable such as
fixed-interval duration. The dominant theories of interval
timing all incorporate an explicit internal clock, or
"pacemaker," despite its lack of independent evidence. The
authors propose an alternative, pacemaker-free view that
demonstrates that temporal discrimination can be explained
by using only 2 assumptions: (a) variation and selection of
responses through competition between reinforced behavior
and all other, elicited, behaviors and (b) modulation of the
strength of response competition by the memory for recent
reinforcement. The model departs radically from existing
timing models: It shows that temporal learning can emerge
from a simple dynamic process that lacks a periodic time
reference such as a pacemaker.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.126},
Key = {fds288145}
}
@article{fds26688,
Author = {Staddon, J. E. R. and Cerutti, D. T.},
Title = {Operant behavior.},
Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {115-144},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {Operant behavior is behavior “controlled” by its
consequences. In practice operant conditioning is the study
of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement
schedules. We review empirical studies and theoretical
approaches to two large classes of operant behavior:
interval timing and choice. We discuss cognitive vs.
behavioral approaches to timing, the “gap” experiment
and its implications, proportional timing and Weber’s law,
temporal dynamics and linear waiting and the problem of
simple chain-interval schedules. We review the long history
of research on operant choice: the matching law, its
extensions and problems, concurrent chain schedules and self
control. We point out how linear waiting may be involved in
timing, choice and reinforcement schedules generally. There
are prospects for a unified approach to all these
areas.},
Key = {fds26688}
}
@article{fds288146,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Cerutti, DT},
Title = {Operant behavior},
Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
Volume = {54},
Pages = {115-144},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds288146}
}
@article{fds288037,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Chelaru, IM and Higa, JJ},
Title = {Habituation, memory and the brain: the dynamics of interval
timing.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {71-88},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000175259400002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Memory decay is rapid at first and slower later-a feature
that accounts for Jost's memory law: that old memories gain
on newer ones with lapse of time. The rate-sensitive
property of habituation-that recovery after spaced stimuli
may be slower than after massed-provides a clue to the
dynamics of memory decay. Rate-sensitive habituation can be
modeled by a cascade of thresholded integrator units that
have a counterpart in human brain areas identified by
magnetic source imaging (MSI). The memory trace component of
the multiple-time-scale model for habituation can provide a
'clock' that has the properties necessary to account for
both static and dynamic properties of interval timing:
static proportional and Weber-law timing as well as dynamic
tracking of progressive, 'impulse' and periodic interval
sequences.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00006-2},
Key = {fds288037}
}
@article{fds328632,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Behavioural Processes: Editorial},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {57},
Number = {1},
Pages = {iv-iv},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00019-0},
Doi = {10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00019-0},
Key = {fds328632}
}
@article{fds287968,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Up close: Impersonal.},
Journal = {The Behavior analyst},
Volume = {25},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-122},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0738-6729},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000175867100011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/bf03392051},
Key = {fds287968}
}
@article{fds288144,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Chelaru, IM and Higa, JJ},
Title = {A tuned-trace theory of interval-timing dynamics.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {77},
Number = {1},
Pages = {105-124},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000173523300007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Animals on interval schedules of reinforcement can rapidly
adjust a temporal dependent variable, such as wait time, to
changes in the prevailing interreinforcement interval. We
describe data on the effects of impulse, step, sine-cyclic,
and variable-interval schedules and show that they can be
explained by a tuned-trace timing model with a one-back
threshold-setting rule. The model can also explain
steady-state timing properties such as proportional and
Weber law timing and the effects of reinforcement magnitude.
The model assumes that food reinforcers and other time
markers have a decaying effect (trace) with properties that
can be derived from the rate-sensitive property of
habituation (the multiple-time-scale model). In timing
experiments, response threshold is determined by the trace
value at the time of the most recent reinforcement. The
model provides a partial account for the learning of
multiple intervals, but does not account for scalloping and
other postpause features of responding on interval schedules
and has some problems with square-wave schedules.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.2002.77-105},
Key = {fds288144}
}
@article{fds288143,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Machado, A and Lourenço, O},
Title = {Plus ça change...: Jost, Piaget, and the dynamics of
embodiment},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-65},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000170177700030&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The "A-not-B" error is consistent with an old memory
principle, Jost's Law. Quantitative properties of the effect
can be explained by a dynamic model for habituation that is
also consistent with Jost. Piaget was well aware of the
resemblance between adult memory errors and the "A-not-B"
effect and, contrary to their assertions. Thelen et al.'s
analysis of the object concept is much the same as his,
though couched in different language.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X0150391X},
Key = {fds288143}
}
@article{fds328633,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Editorial note},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {52},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {61},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00140-6},
Doi = {10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00140-6},
Key = {fds328633}
}
@article{fds288142,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Consciousness and theoretical behaviorism},
Journal = {American Zoologist},
Volume = {40},
Number = {6},
Pages = {874-882},
Publisher = {Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-1569},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168132000006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {SYNOPSIS. There are three domains of experience that concern
students of behavior: Domain 1. The domain of felt
experience, the phenomenological domain. Domain, 2. The
domain of physiology, the real-time functioning of the
brain. Domain 3. The domain of behavioral data,
"intersubjectively verifiable" reports and judgments by
experimental subjects. Consciousness has meanings in each of
these domains. Domain 1 consciousness is beyond the reach of
science as public knowledge. Empathy and plausible inference
may tell us that our spouse, or our dog, is as conscious as
we are. Science cannot. Research in Domains 2 and 3 permits
us to infer similarities and differences between human and
non-human psychology. Unfortunately, these will never permit
us to know 'what it is like' to be another creature. An
example from the study of motion perception illustrates the
point that the fruitless attempt to answer this question can
actually impede the objective study of behavioral processes
we share with non-human animals.},
Doi = {10.1093/icb/40.6.874},
Key = {fds288142}
}
@article{fds288139,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Higa, JJ},
Title = {The choose-short effect and trace models of
timing.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {72},
Number = {3},
Pages = {473-478},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000084038300018&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The tuned-trace multiple-time-scale (MTS) theory of timing
can account both for the puzzling choose-short effect in
time-discrimination experiments and for the complementary
choose-long effect. But it cannot easily explain why the
choose-short effect seems to disappear when the intertrial
and recall intervals are signaled by different stimuli. Do
differential stimuli actually abolish the effect, or merely
improve memory? If the latter, there are ways in which an
expanded MTS theory might explain differential-context
effects in terms of reduced interference. If the former,
there are observational and experimental ways to determine
whether differential context favors prospective encoding or
some other nontemporal discrimination.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1999.72-473},
Key = {fds288139}
}
@article{fds288137,
Author = {Talton, LE and Higa, JJ and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Interval schedule performance in the goldfish Carassius
auratus.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {45},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {193-206},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079593700014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In experiment 1, five goldfish (Carassius auratus)
paddle-pressed on fixed-interval (FI) and variable-interval
(VI) schedules for food pellet reinforcement. The order of
conditions was FI 60 s, FI 240 s, FI 30 s, FI 60 s, and VI
60 s. FI responding showed a scalloped pattern and
response-rate break points were proportional to interval
duration. Post-food wait times varied with interval
duration, but were not proportional. Response rate on VI was
constant. Experiment 2 studied the properties of food
reinforcement as a time marker. The same five fish were
presented an FI 60 s schedule of reinforcement with 25% of
intervals ending in non-reinforcement (N). The fish
responded faster and paused less following the omission
stimulus (omission effect) and response rate was flat or
declined through post-N intervals.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00018-2},
Key = {fds288137}
}
@article{fds288035,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Higa, JJ},
Title = {Time and memory: towards a pacemaker-free theory of interval
timing.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {71},
Number = {2},
Pages = {215-251},
Year = {1999},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079889500007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A popular view of interval timing in animals is that it is
driven by a discrete pacemaker-accumulator mechanism that
yields a linear scale for encoded time. But these mechanisms
are fundamentally at odds with the Weber law property of
interval timing, and experiments that support linear encoded
time can be interpreted in other ways. We argue that the
dominant pacemaker-accumulator theory, scalar expectancy
theory (SET), fails to explain some basic properties of
operant behavior on interval-timing procedures and can only
accommodate a number of discrepancies by modifications and
elaborations that raise questions about the entire theory.
We propose an alternative that is based on principles of
memory dynamics derived from the multiple-time-scale (MTS)
model of habituation. The MTS timing model can account for
data from a wide variety of time-related experiments:
proportional and Weber law temporal discrimination,
transient as well as persistent effects of reinforcement
omission and reinforcement magnitude, bisection, the
discrimination of relative as well as absolute duration, and
the choose-short effect and its analogue in
number-discrimination experiments. Resemblances between
timing and counting are an automatic consequence of the
model. We also argue that the transient and persistent
effects of drugs on time estimates can be interpreted as
well within MTS theory as in SET. Recent real-time
physiological data conform in surprising detail to the
assumptions of the MTS habituation model. Comparisons
between the two views suggest a number of novel
experiments.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1999.71-215},
Key = {fds288035}
}
@article{fds288140,
Author = {Staddon, J and Higa, J and Chelaru, I},
Title = {Time, trace, memory.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {71},
Number = {2},
Pages = {293-301},
Year = {1999},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079889500016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1999.71-293},
Key = {fds288140}
}
@article{fds288009,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Animal rights.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {283},
Number = {5400},
Pages = {327},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000078067000014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.283.5400.327d},
Key = {fds288009}
}
@article{fds288141,
Author = {Dragoi, V and Staddon, JE},
Title = {The dynamics of operant conditioning.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {106},
Number = {1},
Pages = {20-61},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079107200002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Existing models of operant learning are relatively
insensitive to historical properties of behavior and
applicable to only limited data sets. This article proposes
a minimal set of principles based on short-term and
long-term memory mechanisms that can explain the major
static and dynamic properties of operant behavior in both
single-choice and multiresponse situations. The critical
features of the theory are as follows: (a) The key property
of conditioning is assessment of the degree of association
between responses and reinforcement and between stimuli and
reinforcement; (b) the contingent reinforcement is
represented by learning expectancy, which is the combined
prediction of response-reinforcement and
stimulus-reinforcement associations; (c) the operant
response is controlled by the interplay between facilitatory
and suppressive variables that integrate differences between
expected (long-term) and experienced (short-term) events;
and (d) very-long-term effects are encoded by a consolidated
memory that is sensitive to the entire reinforcement
history. The model predicts the major qualitative features
of operant phenomena and then suggests an experimental test
of theoretical predictions about the joint effects of
reinforcement probability and amount of training on operant
choice. We hypothesize that the set of elementary principles
that we propose may help resolve the long-standing debate
about the fundamental variables controlling operant
conditioning.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295x.106.1.20},
Key = {fds288141}
}
@article{fds328634,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {On responsibility in science and law},
Journal = {Social Philosophy and Policy},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {146-174},
Booktitle = {Responsibility},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {E.F. Paul and F.D. Miller and J. Paul},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002429},
Doi = {10.1017/s0265052500002429},
Key = {fds328634}
}
@article{fds288036,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Higa, JJ},
Title = {Time and memory: Towards a pacemaker-free theory of interval
timing.},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {293-301},
Year = {1999},
Abstract = {A popular view of interval timing in animals is that it is
driven by a discrete pacemaker-accumulator (PA) mechanism
that yields a linear scale for encoded time. But PA
mechanisms are fundamentally at odds with the Weber-law
property of interval timing and experiments supporting
linear encoded time can be interpreted in other ways. We
argue that the dominant PA theory, scalar expectancy theory
(SET), fails to explain some basic properties of operant
behavior on interval-timing procedures and can only
accommodate a number of discrepancies by modifications and
elaborations that raise questions about the entire theory.
We propose an alternative that is based on principles of
memory dynamics derived from the multiple-time-scale (MTS)
model of habituation. The MTS timing model can account for
data from a wide variety of time-related experiments:
proportional and Weber-law temporal discrimination,
transient as well as persistent effects of reinforcement
omission and reinforcement magnitude, bisection, the
discrimination of relative as well as absolute duration, the
choose-short effect and its analogue in number-discrimination
experiments. Resemblances between timing and counting are an
automatic consequence of the model. We also argue that the
transient and persistent effects of drugs on time estimates
can be interpreted as well within MTS theory as in SET.
Recent real-time physiological data conform in surprising
detail to the assumptions of the MTS habituation model.
Comparisons between the two views suggest a number of novel
experiments.},
Key = {fds288036}
}
@article{fds304745,
Author = {Reid, AK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {A Dynamic Route Finder for the Cognitive
Map},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {105},
Number = {3},
Pages = {585-601},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000075015100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Cognitive behaviorist E. C. Tolman (1932) proposed many
years ago that rats and men navigate with the aid of
cognitive maps, but his theory was incomplete. Critic E. R.
Guthrie (1935) pointed out that Tolman's maps lack a rule
for action, a route finder. We show that a dynamic model for
stimulus generalization based on an elementary diffusion
process can reproduce the qualitative properties of spatial
orientation in animals: area-restricted search in the open
field, finding shortcuts, barrier learning (the Umweg
problem), spatial "insight" in mazes, and radial maze
behavior. The model provides a behavioristic reader for
Tolman's cognitive map.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.105.3.585},
Key = {fds304745}
}
@article{fds288151,
Author = {Reid, A and Staddon, JER},
Title = {A dynamic route-finder for the cognitive
map},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {105},
Number = {3},
Pages = {385-601},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000075015100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037//0033-295X.105.3.585},
Key = {fds288151}
}
@article{fds325719,
Author = {Higa, JJ and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Chapter 1 Dynamic models of rapid temporal control in
animals},
Journal = {Advances in Psychology},
Volume = {120},
Number = {C},
Pages = {1-40},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80053-2},
Doi = {10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80053-2},
Key = {fds325719}
}
@article{fds288136,
Author = {Gelenbe, E and Schmajuk, N and Staddon, J and Reif,
J},
Title = {Autonomous search by robots and animals: A
survey},
Journal = {Robotics and Autonomous Systems},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-34},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8890(97)00014-6},
Abstract = {This paper is a survey of research on autonomous search
strategies which originate in engineering and biology. Our
motivation is to identify methods of search in an
essentially two-dimensional Euclidean space, which can be
applied to the area of demining. Such search strategies are
based on spatio-temporal distributions. These distributions
may be known in advance, because of prior intelligence or
through the use of remote sensing, or they may be the result
of on-line gathering of information as the search
progresses, or of both. We first review the literature on
search and coordination which emanates from the field of
robotics, we then summarize significant research in the
field of animal search, and also discuss relevant results in
robotics which are inspired by animal behavior.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0921-8890(97)00014-6},
Key = {fds288136}
}
@article{fds287983,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Theory and behavior analysis: commentary on donahoe, palmer,
and burgos.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {67},
Number = {2},
Pages = {245-246},
Year = {1997},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997WP06100014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1997.67-245},
Key = {fds287983}
}
@article{fds288148,
Author = {Manabe, K and Staddon, JER and Cleaveland, JM},
Title = {Control of Vocal Repertoire by Reward in Budgerigars
(Melopsittacus undulatus)},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {111},
Number = {1},
Pages = {50-62},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997WK57700005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The calls of some bird species may be modified by reward and
punishment. However, the operant control of vocal
topographies (i.e., the effect of reward or punishment on
the physical dimensions of a vocal response) in such species
has not been extensively explored. Using a computer-based,
real-time system for rewarding vocalizations with food, the
authors placed 3 budgerigars under a frequency-dependent
reward schedule. During a session, the budgerigars received
food for each vocalization that differed from the last N
rewarded vocalizations. It was found that each of the
budgerigars adapted their vocalizations to this procedure.
When the value of N was 1 or 2, the birds "solved" the
frequency-dependent schedule by developing N + 1 call types
and used a simple "win stay, lose switch" sequencing
strategy. At N = 3, 1 of the birds again produced N + 1
(i.e., 4) call types, and another solved the criterion by
markedly increasing call variability. New calls developed
from the elements of old call types and using
multidimensional scaling techniques, the authors traced the
evolution of each new call type from the previous
experimental call repertoire.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.111.1.50},
Key = {fds288148}
}
@article{fds288149,
Author = {Reid, AK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {A reader for the Cognitive map},
Journal = {Information Sciences},
Volume = {100},
Number = {1-4},
Pages = {217-228},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0020-0255},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997XA26700009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A local diffusion model (Staddon and Reid, 1990) can
reproduce exponential and Gaussian stimulus-generalization
gradients. We show that a two-dimensional diffusion model,
together with simple reinforcement assumptions, can
reproduce many of the empirical properties of goal-directed
spatial search, including area-restricted search, open-field
foraging, barrier and detour problems, maze learning and
spatial "insight." The model provides a simple,
associationistic "reader" for Tolman's cognitive map. ©
Elsevier Science Inc. 1997.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0020-0255(97)00042-X},
Key = {fds288149}
}
@article{fds288150,
Author = {Horner, JM and Staddon, JER and Lozano, KK},
Title = {Integration of reinforcement effects over
time},
Journal = {Animal Learning and Behavior},
Volume = {25},
Number = {1},
Pages = {84-98},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-4996},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997WJ81400008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Two accounts of how density of reinforcement affects
steady-state performance on probabilistic schedules were
compared: the real-time linear operator (RTLO) model and a
temporal control model (in which response strength is
determined by reinforcement probability as a function of
postreinforcement time). In Experiment 1, the probability of
reinforcement repeatedly cycled between extinction and a
random-ratio 10 schedule. Response-rate gain and phase did
not change with period of the cycle as predicted by the RTLO
model, nor did either model predict the differences in
response rate following reinforcement at different points in
the cycle. In Experiment 2, the probability of reinforcement
was elevated immediately following a reinforcement but fell
after a few seconds. Previous reinforcements had no effect
upon responding. An extension of the temporal control model,
the cumulative impulse model, allowed for the summing of
response strength over successive reinforcements and was
consistent with the data of both experiments.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03199027},
Key = {fds288150}
}
@article{fds288003,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Zayan, R},
Title = {Editorial.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {203},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996VZ05900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/s0376-6357(96)90001-7},
Key = {fds288003}
}
@article{fds288132,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Higa, JJ},
Title = {Multiple time scales in simple habituation.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {103},
Number = {4},
Pages = {720-733},
Year = {1996},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996VM90000005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Habituation is the waning of a reflex response to repeated
stimulation. Habituation to closely spaced stimuli is faster
and more complete than to widely spaced stimuli, but
recovery is also more rapid (rate sensitivity). We show that
a 2-unit, cascaded-integrator dynamic model can explain in
detail an extensive data set on rate-sensitive habituation
in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Many apparently
complex properties of habituation and learning dynamics may
reflect interactions among a small number of processes with
different time scales.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.720},
Key = {fds288132}
}
@article{fds288131,
Author = {Wynne, CD and Staddon, JE and Delius, JD},
Title = {Dynamics of waiting in pigeons.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {65},
Number = {3},
Pages = {603-618},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996UK80700008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Two experiments used response-initiated delay schedules to
test the idea that when food reinforcement is available at
regular intervals, the time an animal waits before its first
operant response (waiting time) is proportional to the
immediately preceding interfood interval (linear waiting;
Wynne & Staddon, 1988). In Experiment 1 the interfood
intervals varied from cycle to cycle according to one of
four sinusoidal sequences with different amounts of added
noise. Waiting times tracked the input cycle in a way which
showed that they were affected by interfood intervals
earlier than the immediately preceding one. In Experiment 2
different patterns of long and short interfood intervals
were presented, and the results implied that waiting times
are disproportionately influenced by the shortest of recent
interfood intervals. A model based on this idea is shown to
account for a wide range of results on the dynamics of
timing behavior.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1996.65-603},
Key = {fds288131}
}
@article{fds288014,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The dynamics of memory in animal learning},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {5611-5611},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0020-7594},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996VE85704206&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288014}
}
@article{fds288010,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {AAUP AND POLITICS},
Journal = {ACADEME-BULLETIN OF THE AAUP},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {5-5},
Publisher = {AMER ASSN UNIV PROFESSORS},
Year = {1995},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0190-2946},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995TF77300010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288010}
}
@article{fds288128,
Author = {Delius, JD and Ameling, M and Lea, SEG and Staddon,
JER},
Title = {Reinforcement Concordance Induces and Maintains Stimulus
Associations in Pigeons},
Journal = {The Psychological Record},
Volume = {45},
Number = {2},
Pages = {283-297},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1995},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0033-2933},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QV87100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/bf03395933},
Key = {fds288128}
}
@article{fds376688,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {On responsibility and punishment},
Journal = {The Atlantic Mointhly},
Volume = {1995, Feb.},
Pages = {88-94},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds376688}
}
@article{fds340476,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On Responsibility and Punishment},
Volume = {1995, Feb.},
Pages = {88-94},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
Abstract = {The litany of social dysfunction is now familiar. The rates
of violent crime are higher than they have ever been:
Americans kill and maim one another at per-capita rates an
order of magnitude higher than other industrialized nations.
The rate of marriage has been generally declining and the
rate of illegitimacy hits new highs each year. Tens of
thousands of children have no fathers and no family member
or close acquaintance who has a regular job. This pattern is
now repeat-ing into a second and third generation...},
Key = {fds340476}
}
@article{fds340477,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On Responsibility and Punishment},
Publisher = {The Atlantic Monthly},
Year = {1995},
Month = {February},
Abstract = {The litany of social dysfunction is now familiar. The rates
of violent crime are higher than they have ever been:
Americans kill and maim one another at per-capita rates an
order of magnitude higher than other industrialized nations.
The rate of marriage has been generally declining and the
rate of illegitimacy hits new highs each year. Tens of
thousands of children have no fathers and no family member
or close acquaintance who has a regular job. This pattern is
now repeating into a second and third generation. Illiteracy
is becoming a problem and schools have so lost authority
that the accepted response to armed pupils is to install
metal detectors. Senator Moynihan in a celebrated article
recently pointed out how we cope with social disintegration
by redefining deviancy, so that crimes become "normal"
behavior...},
Key = {fds340477}
}
@article{fds288127,
Author = {Manabe, K and Kawashima, T and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Differential vocalization in budgerigars: towards an
experimental analysis of naming.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {63},
Number = {1},
Pages = {111-126},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QF47700007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In Experiment 1, 3 budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)
were trained with food reinforcement to make low- or
high-frequency calls in response to different color stimuli,
C1 and C2 (a color-naming task), using a gradual
response-differentiation procedure and an automatic
call-recognition system. Thus, a call within a certain
frequency band was reinforced in the presence of C1 ("C1
call"), and a call within a different band was reinforced in
the presence of C2 ("C2 call"). In Experiment 2, all 3
budgerigars were trained in a form-to-color
matching-to-sample task, alternating trial by trial with
either the color-naming task (2 birds) or an identity color
matching-to-sample task (1 bird). Sample stimuli for the new
matching-to-sample task were forms (F1 or F2) and
comparisons were the same two colors (C1 and C2). Given
Sample F1 or F2, birds had to make a call to produce
Comparison Pair C1 and C2. With F1 as the sample, a peck on
C1 was reinforced; with F2 as the sample, a peck on C2 was
reinforced. Although no particular call was specified in the
presence of F1 and F2, 2 birds made the C1 call in the
presence of F1 and the C2 call in the presence of F2. In
Experiment 3, the bird that failed to match form and color
calls in Experiment 2 and another bird were first trained in
a color-to-form matching-to-sample task: C1 to F3 and C2 to
F4. In this task, to produce the comparison pair of forms, a
high call (or low for the other bird) was required in the
presence of C1, and a low call (or high) was required in the
presence of C2. Both birds were then trained with an
identity matching-to-sample task in which sample and
comparison stimuli were the same two forms, F3 and F4.
Trials on the identity task alternated with the
color-to-form trials. Although no particular call was
required in the presence of Samples F3 and F4, both birds
came to make the C1 call in the presence of F3 and the C2
call in the presence of F4. Our technique promises to be
useful for the study of emergent vocal relations in
budgerigars and other animals.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1995.63-111},
Key = {fds288127}
}
@article{fds288129,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Combinaciones de programas y elección: experimentos y
teoria},
Journal = {Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta},
Volume = {21},
Pages = {169-281},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds288129}
}
@article{fds288130,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Schedule combinations and choice: experiment and
theory},
Journal = {Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis},
Volume = {21},
Pages = {163-274},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds288130}
}
@article{fds288028,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Davis, DG and Machado, A and Palmer,
RG},
Title = {Cumulative effects model: a response to Williams
(1994)},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {101},
Number = {4},
Pages = {708-710},
Publisher = {AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC},
Year = {1994},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PM91500009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The cumulative effects (CE) model explains free-operant
choice by the ratio of total numbers of responses and
reinforcements, a probability-like variable. Williams (1994)
argues that the model is vulnerable to experiments that
disprove melioration, a local probability model. The authors
note critical differences between the nonlocal CE model and
local probability models that allow the CE model to handle
some data with which they are incompatible. All models are
simplifications of reality; hence, a model's failures are as
revealing as its successes. Williams suggests that simple
models may need to be abandoned in favor of a
"representational" account. The authors point out that
representations must be both acquired and acted on.
Acquisition requires processing of responses and
reinforcers; action requires decision rules. Models are
simply testable suggestions for what these rules and
processes might be.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.708},
Key = {fds288028}
}
@article{fds288124,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {The conventional wisdom of behavior analysis.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {439-447},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LX29300011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1993.60-439},
Key = {fds288124}
}
@article{fds288125,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {The conventional wisdom of behavior analysis: Response to
comments.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {489-494},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LX29300022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1993.60-489},
Key = {fds288125}
}
@article{fds288126,
Author = {Innis, NK and Mitchell, SK and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Temporal control on interval schedules: what determines the
postreinforcement pause?},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {60},
Number = {2},
Pages = {293-311},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LX29300003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {On fixed-interval or response-initiated delay schedules of
reinforcement, the average pause following food presentation
is proportional to the interfood interval. Moreover, when a
number of intervals of different durations occur in a
programmed cyclic series, postreinforcement pauses track the
changes in interval value. What controls the duration of
postreinforcement pauses under these conditions? Staddon,
Wynne, and Higa (1991), in their linear waiting model,
propose control by the preceding interfood interval. Another
possibility is that delay to reinforcement, signaled by a
key peck and/or stimulus change, determines the subsequent
pause. The experiments reported here examined the role of
these two possible time markers by studying the performance
of pigeons under a chained cyclic fixed-interval procedure.
The data support the linear waiting model, but suggest that
more than the immediately preceding interfood interval plays
a role in temporal control.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1993.60-293},
Key = {fds288126}
}
@article{fds288121,
Author = {Higa, JJ and Thaw, JM and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Pigeons' wait-time responses to transitions in
interfood-interval duration: Another look at cyclic schedule
performance.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {59},
Number = {3},
Pages = {529-541},
Year = {1993},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LB40200007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Recent developments reveal that animals can rapidly learn
about intervals of time. We studied the nature of this
fast-acting process in two experiments. In Experiment 1
pigeons were exposed to a modified fixed-time schedule, in
which the time between food rewards (interfood interval)
changed at an unpredictable point in each session, either
decreasing from 15 to 5 s (step-down) or increasing from 15
to 45 s (step-up). The birds were able to track under both
conditions by producing postreinforcement wait times
proportional to the preceding interfood-interval duration.
However, the time course of responding differed: Tracking
was apparently more gradual in the step-up condition.
Experiment 2 studied the effect of having both kinds of
transitions within the same session by exposing pigeons to a
repeating (cyclic) sequence of the interfood-interval values
used in Experiment 1. Pigeons detected changes in the input
sequence of interfood intervals, but only for a few
sessions-discrimination worsened with further training. The
dynamic effects we observed do not support a linear waiting
process of time discrimination, but instead point to a
timing mechanism based on the frequency and recency of prior
interfood intervals and not the preceding interfood interval
alone.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1993.59-529},
Key = {fds288121}
}
@article{fds288123,
Author = {Davis, DG and Staddon, JE and Machado, A and Palmer,
RG},
Title = {The process of recurrent choice.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {100},
Number = {2},
Pages = {320-341},
Year = {1993},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8483986},
Abstract = {Recurrent choice has been studied for many years. A static
law, matching, has been established, but there is no
consensus on the underlying dynamic process. The authors
distinguish between dynamic models in which the model state
is identified with directly measurable behavioral properties
(performance models) and models in which the relation
between behavior and state is indirect (state models). Most
popular dynamic choice models are local, performance models.
The authors show that behavior in different types of
discrimination-reversal experiments and in extinction is not
explained by 2 versions of a popular local model and that
the nonlocal cumulative-effects model is consistent with
matching and that it can duplicate the major properties of
recurrent choice in a set of discrimination-reversal
experiments. The model can also duplicate results from
several other experiments on extinction after complex
discrimination training.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.320},
Key = {fds288123}
}
@article{fds288120,
Author = {Higa, JJ and Staddon, JE},
Title = {"Transitive inference" in multiple conditional
discriminations.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {59},
Number = {2},
Pages = {265-291},
Year = {1993},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993KQ28800002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We used multiple conditional discriminations to study the
inferential abilities of pigeons. Using a five-term stimulus
series, pigeons were trained to respond differentially to
four overlapping pairs of concurrently presented stimuli: A+
B-, B+ C-, C+ D-, and D+ E-, where plus and minus indicate
the stimulus associated with reinforcement and extinction,
respectively. Transitive inference in such situations has
been defined as a preference for Stimulus B over Stimulus D
in a transfer test. We measured this and other untrained
preferences (A vs. C, A vs. D, B vs. E, etc.) during
nonreinforced test trials. In three experiments using a
novel, rapid training procedure (termed autorun), we
attempted to identify the necessary and sufficient
conditions for transitive inference. We used two versions of
autorun: response-based, in which the subject was repeatedly
presented with the least well-discriminated stimulus pair;
and time-based, in which the subject was repeatedly
presented with the least-experienced stimulus pair. In
Experiment 1, using response-based autorun, we showed that
subjects learned the four stimulus pairs faster than, but at
a level comparable to, a previous study on transitive
inference in pigeons (Fersen, Wynne, Delius, & Staddon,
1991), but our animals failed to show transitive inference.
Experiments 2 and 3 compared time- and response-based
autorun. Discrimination performance was maintained, but
transitive inference was observed only on the second
exposure to the response-based procedure. These results show
that inferential behavior in pigeons is not a reliable
concomitant of good performance on a series of overlapping
discriminations. The necessary and sufficient conditions for
transitive inference in pigeons remain to be fully
defined.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1993.59-265},
Key = {fds288120}
}
@article{fds288008,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Pepper with a pinch of psalt.},
Journal = {The Behavior analyst},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {245-250},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0738-6729},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993MX35800014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/bf03392632},
Key = {fds288008}
}
@article{fds288122,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On rate-sensitive habituation},
Journal = {Adaptive Behavior},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {421-436},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105971239300100402},
Abstract = {The responses elicited by many stimuli diminish in strength
with repeated stimulus presentation (habituation). This
property is consistent with models in which short-term
memory for recent stimuli suppresses the current response.
Habituation also depends on stimulus spacing: It occurs more
rapidly when interstimulus intervals (ISIs) are short than
when they are long, but also recovers more rapidly after
short ISIs (rate sensitivity). The effect of ISI on
habituation rate is consistent with a simple one-stage
process, but the effect of ISI on recovery rate seems to
require a serial process in which two or more habituating
units are cascaded, with earlier (peripheral) units in the
series having shorter time constants than later (central)
units. Rate-sensitive habituation may underlie puzzling
effects of reinforcement learning such as the
partial-reinforcement and successive-contrast effects. ©
1993, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/105971239300100402},
Key = {fds288122}
}
@article{fds288118,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {The 'superstition' experiment: a reversible
figure.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. General},
Volume = {121},
Number = {3},
Pages = {270-272},
Year = {1992},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JK13600003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037//0096-3445.121.3.270},
Key = {fds288118}
}
@article{fds288119,
Author = {Wynne, CD and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Waiting in pigeons: the effects of daily intercalation on
temporal discrimination.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-66},
Year = {1992},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JE41800005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons trained on cyclic-interval schedules adjust their
postfood pause from interval to interval within each
experimental session. But on regular fixed-interval
schedules, many sessions at a given parameter value are
usually necessary before the typical fixed-interval
"scallop" appears. In the first case, temporal control
appears to act from one interfood interval to the next; in
the second, it appears to act over hundreds of interfood
intervals. The present experiments look at the intermediate
case: daily variation in schedule parameters. In Experiments
1 and 2 we show that pauses proportional to interfood
interval develop on short-valued response-initiated-delay
schedules when parameters are changed daily, that additional
experience under this regimen leads to little further
improvement, and that pauses usually change as soon as the
schedule parameter is changed. Experiment 3 demonstrates
identical waiting behavior on fixed-interval and
response-initiated-delay schedules when the food delays are
short (less than 20 s) and conditions are changed daily. In
Experiment 4 we show that daily intercalation prevents
temporal control when interfood intervals are longer (25 to
60 s). The results of Experiment 5 suggest that downshifts
in interfood interval produce more rapid waiting-time
adjustments than upshifts. These and other results suggest
that the effects of short interfood intervals seem to be
more persistent than those of long intervals.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1992.58-47},
Key = {fds288119}
}
@article{fds287982,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {BEHAVIORISM - EDSEL, OR CAR OF THE FUTURE},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {519-519},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0020-7594},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JF42002767&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287982}
}
@article{fds288024,
Author = {Wynne, CDL and von Fersen, L and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Pigeons' Inferences Are Transitive and the Outcome of
Elementary Conditioning Principles: A Response},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {313-315},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992HZ49300012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Contrary to Markovits and Dumas (1992), this article
maintains that, although semantically questionable, the
transitive-inference performance in pigeons demonstrated by
Fersen, Wynne, Delius, and Staddon (1991) was impeccably
transitive. Fersen et al. proposed a local rule to account
for performance. Couvillon and Bitterman (1992) provided a
rationale for such a rule by pointing out that the equally
reinforced central stimuli, B, C, and D, are unequally
unreinforced. This article shows that many models that
recognize an effect of nonreinforcement on stimulus value
give similar results. Therefore, Couvillon and Bitterman's
argument that nothing beyond conventional conditioning
principles is necessary to account for the
transitive-inference effect in pigeons is
supported.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.18.3.313},
Key = {fds288024}
}
@article{fds288116,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Rationality, Melioration, and Law-of-Effect Models for
Choice},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {136-141},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992HL76700015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Economists usually assume that human choice behavior is
rational, by which they mean that it maximizes some utility
function. Psychologists are more impressed by the evident
irrationality of behavior and tend to look for choice
mechanisms (which cannot act rationally under alt
conditions). Richard Herrnstein (1990 a) has recently argued
that the choices of pigeons and people are dynamically
driven by a moment-by-moment tendency to equalize payoff per
unit of activity invested, a mechanism he terms melioration.
I argue that economic models are not so bad, and melioration
is not so good, as Herrnstein contends. The problem with
rational choice is not that it is wrong but that it is too
flexible. The problems with melioration are that it is
poorly defined and refers only to events in the recent past
(local events). © 1992, Association for Psychological
Science. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00013.x},
Key = {fds288116}
}
@article{fds288117,
Author = {Kohn, A and Kohn, WK and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Preferences for constant duration delays and constant sized
rewards in human subjects.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {125-142},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992HP85400007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In four experiments, human subjects played a simple video
game in which they chose between two buttons that provided
reinforcement either on constant or variable schedules. In
one condition of Experiment 1, subjects strongly preferred
constant sized rewards over variable sized rewards. In the
two other conditions, subjects preferred constant duration
delays-to-reinforcement over variable duration
delays-to-reinforcement. In Experiment 2, subjects were
exposed to different parameters and, in Experiment 3, they
were exposed to a modified temporal procedure. In each case,
subjects continued to prefer constant sized rewards and
constant duration delays. The preference for constant
duration delays contradicts analogous research showing that
pigeons and rats prefer variable duration delays over
constant duration delays. In Experiment 4, we explored this
difference by omitting the prompts that segmented the phases
of the procedure. Under these conditions, the subjects
preferred the variable duration delays. Based on these
results, we argue that in the absence of effective signals,
both people and animals may be forced to use secondary
choice strategies such as a proportional waiting rule. The
presence of prompts, however, enables people to segment the
choice phase and directly choose between the fixed and
variable duration delays.},
Doi = {10.1016/0376-6357(92)90008-2},
Key = {fds288117}
}
@article{fds325721,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Zayan, R},
Title = {Editorial},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {63},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(92)90001-T},
Doi = {10.1016/0376-6357(92)90001-T},
Key = {fds325721}
}
@article{fds288000,
Author = {WYNNE, CDL and STADDON, JER},
Title = {INTRASESSION DYNAMICS OF WAITING IN PIGEONS},
Journal = {BULLETIN OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {487-487},
Publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC},
Year = {1991},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GL11500161&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288000}
}
@article{fds288115,
Author = {Higa, JJ and Wynne, CD and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Dynamics of time discrimination.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior
processes},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {281-291},
Year = {1991},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FV32900006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons tracked sinusoidal sequences of interfood intervals
(IFIs) by pausing in each interval for a time proportional
to the preceding interval. Schedules with either long (30-90
s) or short (5-15 s) values, with variable numbers of cycles
and starting phase each day, were tracked about equally
well. Tracking was apparently immediate and did not improve
across sessions. Experiment 2, in which long and short
series were presented on alternate days, showed that
tracking on long was more impaired than on short. Experiment
3 showed that occasional presentation of a short IFI in a
series of fixed, longer IFIs caused a reduction in waiting
time in the next IFI. These effects are evidence for a
fast-acting timing mechanism in which waiting time in the
IFI N + 1 is strongly determined by the preceding IFI, N.
Earlier IFIs have some cumulative effect, but the details
remain to be elucidated.},
Doi = {10.1037//0097-7403.17.3.281},
Key = {fds288115}
}
@article{fds287992,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Selective Choice: A Commentary on Herrnstein
(1990)},
Journal = {American Psychologist},
Volume = {46},
Number = {7},
Pages = {793-797},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-066X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FV82300012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.46.7.793},
Key = {fds287992}
}
@article{fds288001,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Higa, JJ},
Title = {Temporal Learning},
Journal = {Psychology of Learning and Motivation - Advances in Research
and Theory},
Volume = {27},
Number = {C},
Pages = {265-294},
Booktitle = {The Psychology of Learning and Motivation},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Editor = {G. Bower},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0079-7421},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GW09800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {This chapter discusses the history of the problem of
temporal learning. There is also a discussion about the work
in progress on it that is intended to : (1)describe a set of
rather elegant experimental data that are probably novel to
most psychologists and cognitive scientists, (2) show how
dynamic modeling helps to appreciate the remarkable
complexity of what has often been presented either as a
“given” needing no further analysis or as an essentially
static problem suitable mainly for psychophysical treatment,
and (3) describe a particular real-time model for temporal
learning, the diffusion-generalization model. It describes a
phenomena, pigeons adaptation to different kinds of cyclic
schedules of reinforcement were originally studied 20 or
more years ago with the aid of primitive technology that
made anything but aggregate measurements difficult and
error-prone. Some sequential data were obtained and they
were remarkably orderly, although very hard to explain.
Theorizing, which is never easy, was also harder then than
it is at present because computers, those lifesavers for the
mathematically impaired, were slow and difficult to use-and
the behavioristic temper of the times was implacably hostile
to modeling of any sort. © 1991, Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60126-7},
Key = {fds288001}
}
@article{fds288112,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Wynne, CDL and Higa, JJ},
Title = {The role of timing in reinforcement schedule
performance},
Journal = {Learning and Motivation},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {200-225},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0023-9690},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991EX02600010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Reinforcement schedules produce distinctive and reliable
temporal patterns of behavior. Temporal discrimination is
known to be an important ingredient in these patterns. We
sketch a simple dynamic model for the discrimination of
short time intervals, linear waiting, in terms of four
assumptions: that the time before the onset of the
reinforced response, waiting time, is determined by the food
delay in the just-preceding interfood interval; that waiting
is triggered by the most recent time marker; that different
delays signaled by the same time marker are averaged; and
that the effectiveness of a given stimulus as a time marker
is limited by memory constraints. We show that recursive
application of linear waiting can generate contiguity
learning and many molecular patterns of behavior on interval
schedules, such as the fixed-interval "scallop" and
interresponse times on variable-interval schedules, as well
as molar properties such as the hyperbolic relation between
response and reinforcement rates on variable-interval
schedules. Linear waiting also implies the high response
rates on ratio schedules and their instability. Linear
waiting does not seem able to account for differences in
response rates between ratio and interval schedules equated
for reinforcement rate, molar response functions on ratio
schedules, and some features of responding on cyclic
schedules. These failures highlight our limited
understanding of the role of memory in timing and hint at
additional mechanisms. © 1991.},
Doi = {10.1016/0023-9690(91)90023-2},
Key = {fds288112}
}
@article{fds288113,
Author = {von Fersen, L and Wynne, CDL and Delius, JD and Staddon,
JER},
Title = {Transitive Inference Formation in Pigeons},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {334-341},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991FV32900011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons were trained with 4 pairs of visual stimuli in a
5-term series- A+ B-, B+ C-, C+ D-, and D+ E- (in which plus
[+] denotes reward and minus [-] denotes nonreward)-before
the unreinforced test pair B D was presented. All pigeons
chose Item B, demonstrating inferential choice. A novel
theory (value transfer theory), based on reinforcement
mechanisms, is proposed. In Experiment 2, the series was
extended to 7 terms. Performance on test pairs was
transitive, and performance on training pairs accorded with
the theory. The 7-term series was closed in Experiment 3 by
training the first and last items together. In accordance
with the theory, the Ss could not solve the circular series.
The authors suggest that primates, including humans, also
solve these problems using the value transfer mechanism,
without resorting to the symbolic processes usually
assumed.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.17.3.334},
Key = {fds288113}
}
@article{fds288114,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Bueno, JLO},
Title = {ON MODELS, BEHAVIORISM AND THE NEURAL BASIS OF
LEARNING},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-11},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991EW99700002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The history of psychology is full of disputes among various
“‐isms”: behaviorism, cognitivism. functionalism, and
many others. Nevertheless, all are unanimous in their
opposition to one other ‐ism: reductionism. From Skinner
to Simon, there is tacit agreement that behavior (or mind)
is a subject matter in its own right that need not, perhaps
cannot, be “reduced to” neurophysiology. This consensus
has begun to crack in recent decades, with advances in
neurobiology and the growth of understanding of the
properties of brainlike theoretical systems. What. then, is
the status of the study of behavior in its own right? This
paper proposes a framework in which realtime theoretical
models provide the link between behavioral research and the
structure and function of the nervous system. We argue that
such models arise most naturally from studies at the
behavioral level, especially when the behavior under study
depends on context and remote past history, as in learning
and memory. We conclude that Skinner was probably right to
argue that behavior must he understood in its own right
before we can expect to understand brain‐behavior
relations. But he was wrong in limiting behavioral science
to descriptive laws and catalogs of input‐output
relationships. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All
rights reserved},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00086.x},
Key = {fds288114}
}
@article{fds288111,
Author = {von Fersen, L and Wynne, CD and Delius, JD and Staddon,
JE},
Title = {Deductive reasoning in pigeons.},
Journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
Volume = {77},
Number = {11},
Pages = {548-549},
Year = {1990},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0028-1042},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990EL14400011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/bf01139271},
Key = {fds288111}
}
@article{fds288110,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Reid, AK},
Title = {On the dynamics of generalization.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {97},
Number = {4},
Pages = {576-578},
Year = {1990},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990ED24100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295x.97.4.576},
Key = {fds288110}
}
@article{fds288109,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Zhang, Y},
Title = {Response selection in operant learning.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {189-197},
Year = {1989},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989CV07400015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We show that simple, contiguity-based, nonassociative
response-selection process provides a qualitative account
for both anomalous and nonanomalous properties of operant
conditioning. The process can easily be extended to permit
associative effects; it may therefore represent the initial
processing stage for all conditioning in higher
vertebrates.},
Doi = {10.1016/0376-6357(89)90022-3},
Key = {fds288109}
}
@article{fds287974,
Author = {STADDON, JER and DAVIS, DG},
Title = {LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM-MEMORY IN DISCRIMINATION-REVERSAL
PERFORMANCE},
Journal = {BULLETIN OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {509-509},
Publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC},
Year = {1989},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989AV54900241&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287974}
}
@article{fds287977,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSES OF BEHAVIOR - FORAGING, VOL 6 -
COMMONS,ML, KACELNIK,A, SHETTLEWORTH,SJ},
Journal = {CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY},
Volume = {34},
Number = {7},
Pages = {682-683},
Publisher = {AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC},
Year = {1989},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0010-7549},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989AC49200051&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287977}
}
@article{fds288107,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Horner, JM},
Title = {Stochastic choice models: A comparison between
Bush-Mosteller and a source-independent reward-following
model.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {52},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57-64},
Year = {1989},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989AH69700006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Horner and Staddon (1987) argued that a class of
reward-following processes defined by a property they termed
ratio invariance is a better model for the probabilistic
choice performance of pigeons than competing molecular
accounts such as momentary maximizing, melioration, and the
Bush-Mosteller model. The critical data were provided by
choice distributions-distributions of a variable S, the
proportion of Right choices, defined on a moving window
typically 32 choices long-obtained under a
frequency-dependent schedule. The schedule prescribed equal
payoff probabilities, p(S), for both choices. p(S) was a
maximum when S = 0.5 and declined linearly for S values
above and below 0.5. Pigeons showed generally bimodal choice
distributions with the modes at equal p(S) values. These
data do not follow easily from melioration or momentary
maximizing and are inconsistent with molar maximizing, but
they may be consistent with Bush-Mosteller. We present here
the results of computer simulations showing that the
ratio-invariance model studied yields, as expected, choice
modes at equal p(S) values, but that Bush-Mosteller,
although capable of generating bimodal choice distributions,
does not have choice modes at equal p(S)
values.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1989.52-57},
Key = {fds288107}
}
@article{fds288108,
Author = {Innis, NK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {What should comparative psychology compare?},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {145-156},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds288108}
}
@article{fds287967,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {A RECURSIVE THEORY FOR PERFORMANCE ON REINFORCEMENT
SCHEDULES},
Journal = {BULLETIN OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY},
Volume = {26},
Number = {6},
Pages = {497-497},
Publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC},
Year = {1988},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988Q329700145&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287967}
}
@article{fds288105,
Author = {Wynne, CD and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Typical delay determines waiting time on periodic-food
schedules: Static and dynamic tests.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {50},
Number = {2},
Pages = {197-210},
Year = {1988},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988Q421700007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons and other animals soon learn to wait (pause) after
food delivery on periodic-food schedules before resuming the
food-rewarded response. Under most conditions the
steady-state duration of the average waiting time, t, is a
linear function of the typical interfood interval. We
describe three experiments designed to explore the limits of
this process. In all experiments, t was associated with one
key color and the subsequent food delay, T, with another. In
the first experiment, we compared the relation between t
(waiting time) and T (food delay) under two conditions: when
T was held constant, and when T was an inverse function of
t. The pigeons could maximize the rate of food delivery
under the first condition by setting t to a consistently
short value; optimal behavior under the second condition
required a linear relation with unit slope between t and T.
Despite this difference in optimal policy, the pigeons in
both cases showed the same linear relation, with slope less
than one, between t and T. This result was confirmed in a
second parametric experiment that added a third condition,
in which T + t was held constant. Linear waiting appears to
be an obligatory rule for pigeons. In a third experiment we
arranged for a multiplicative relation between t and T
(positive feedback), and produced either very short or very
long waiting times as predicted by a quasi-dynamic model in
which waiting time is strongly determined by the
just-preceding food delay.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1988.50-197},
Key = {fds288105}
}
@article{fds288025,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {The functional properties of feeding, or why we still need
the black box.},
Journal = {Appetite},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-61},
Year = {1988},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0195-6663},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988P957000007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/s0195-6663(88)80023-0},
Key = {fds288025}
}
@article{fds288104,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Quasi-dynamic choice models: Melioration and ratio
invariance.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {49},
Number = {2},
Pages = {303-320},
Year = {1988},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988M576800010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {There is continuing controversy about the behavioral process
or processes that underlie the major regularities of
free-operant choice such as molar matching and systematic
deviations therefrom. A recent interchange between Vaughan
and Silberberg and Ziriax concerned the relative merits of
melioration, and a computer simulation of molecular
maximizing. There are difficulties in evaluating theories
expressed as computer programs because many arbitrary
decisions must often be made in order to get the programs to
operate. I therefore propose an alternative form of model
that I term quasi-dynamic as a useful intermediate form of
theory appropriate to our current state of knowledge about
free-operant choice. Quasi-dynamic models resemble the
game-theoretic analyses now commonplace in biology in that
they can predict stable and unstable equilibria but not
dynamic properties such as learning curves. It is possible
to interpret melioration as a quasi-dynamic model. An
alternative quasi-dynamic model for probabilistic choice,
ratio invariance, has been proposed by Horner and Staddon.
The present paper compares the predictions of melioration
and ratio invariance for five experimental situations:
concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules,
concurrent variable-interval variable-ratio schedules, the
two-armed bandit (concurrent random-ratio schedules), and
two types of frequency-dependent schedule. Neither approach
easily explains all the data, but ratio invariance seems to
provide a better picture of pigeons' response to
probabilistic choice procedures. Ratio invariance is also
more adaptive (less susceptible to "traps") and closer to
the original expression of the law of effect than pure
hill-climbing processes such as momentary maximizing and
melioration, although such processes may come in to play on
more complex procedures that provide opportunities for
temporal discrimination.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1988.49-303},
Key = {fds288104}
}
@article{fds288106,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On the process of reinforcement},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {11},
Number = {3},
Pages = {467-469},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988Q445200050&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00058507},
Key = {fds288106}
}
@article{fds41378,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Trial-and-error learning as a scheduling
problem},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Fourth Annual AAAIC Conference},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {295-303},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds41378}
}
@article{fds287971,
Author = {WYNNE, CL and STADDON, JER},
Title = {LINEAR WAITING - A SIMPLE RULE FOR BEHAVIOR IN PERIODIC FOOD
SITUATIONS},
Journal = {BULLETIN OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {351-351},
Publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC},
Year = {1987},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987J947100336&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287971}
}
@article{fds288102,
Author = {Reid, AK and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Within-session meal-size effects on induced
drinking.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {48},
Number = {2},
Pages = {289-301},
Year = {1987},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987K295200008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {As a control for the effects of session duration and hunger
on the relation between food magnitude and induced drinking,
four food-deprived rats were exposed to a variable-time 50-s
schedule of food delivery in which the size of each food
delivery varied randomly within sessions. Food-related
behavior and schedule-induced drinking per opportunity were
examined as functions of meal size and postfood time. All
rats showed an inverted-U-shaped relation between drinking
per opportunity and meal size. This relation was caused by
variation in the percentage of intervals that contained
drinking and by variation in the number of drinking bouts
per interval, rather than by bout duration or by the amount
of drinking within those intervals that actually contained
drinking. Head-in-feeder time increased linearly with meal
size. Schedule-induced drinking was entrained by food
delivery in 3 of 4 subjects; the entrainment was due to
regulation of the starting time of each drinking bout rather
than to regulation of bout duration.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1987.48-289},
Key = {fds288102}
}
@article{fds288101,
Author = {Horner, JM and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Probabilistic choice: A simple invariance.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {59-92},
Year = {1987},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987J787900006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {When subjects must choose repeatedly between two or more
alternatives, each of which dispenses reward on a
probabilistic basis (two-armed bandit ), their behavior is
guided by the two possible outcomes, reward and nonreward.
The simplest stochastic choice rule is that the probability
of choosing an alternative increases following a reward and
decreases following a nonreward (reward following ). We show
experimentally and theoretically that animal subjects behave
as if the absolute magnitudes of the changes in choice
probability caused by reward and nonreward do not depend on
the response which produced the reward or nonreward (source
independence ), and that the effects of reward and nonreward
are in constant ratio under fixed conditions (effect-ratio
invariance )--properties that fit the definition of
satisficing . Our experimental results are either not
predicted by, or are inconsistent with, other theories of
free-operant choice such as Bush-Mosteller, molar
maximization, momentary maximizing, and melioration
(matching).},
Doi = {10.1016/0376-6357(87)90034-9},
Key = {fds288101}
}
@article{fds288019,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {VEHICLES - BRAITENBERG,V},
Journal = {BEHAVIORISM},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-66},
Publisher = {CAMBRIDGE CTR BEHAV STUDIES},
Year = {1987},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0090-4155},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987H571300007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288019}
}
@article{fds288100,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Science and pseudoscience},
Journal = {Interdisciplinary Science Reviews},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {114-116},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0308-0188},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987H822200005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1179/isr.1987.12.2.114},
Key = {fds288100}
}
@article{fds288103,
Author = {Ettinger, RH and Reid, AK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Sensitivity to Molar Feedback Functions: A Test of Molar
Optimality Theory},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {366-375},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987K244900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Molar optimality models assume that any reward schedule can
be described by a molar feedback function, which is the
relation between average response rates and average
reinforcement rates enforced by that particular schedule.
This molar feedback function is considered, by optimality
models, to be a sufficient description of the schedule for
the prediction of steady-state molar performance. In this
article we challenge the fundamental assumption of all molar
optimality models-that animals are directly sensitive to
this molar feedback function. We found that animals were
sensitive to the schedule conditions in effect, especially
at the molecular level of postfood time, but they were not
directly sensitive to the slopes of any of the molar
feedback functions that we manipulated. Our data do not
simply represent a failure to maximize a particular utility
function so that this form of the function requires
alteration. Rather, they demonstrate that animals may not be
sensitive to the molar rates of responding and reinforcement
described by the molar feedback functions. Our animals were
sensitive to the schedules at a molecular level, and it is
to this molecular level that we should direct our attention.
© 1987 American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.13.4.366},
Key = {fds288103}
}
@article{fds287985,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {EQUALIZATION, MAXIMIZATION AND FOLLOW-UP OF REWARD
SCHEDULES},
Journal = {REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGIA},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {367-386},
Publisher = {REV LATINOAMER PSICOL},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0034-978X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986F188600002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287985}
}
@article{fds287998,
Author = {Ettinger, RH and Thompson, S and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Cholecystokinin, diet palatability, and feeding regulation
in rats.},
Journal = {Physiology & behavior},
Volume = {36},
Number = {5},
Pages = {801-809},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0031-9384},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986A675200002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Rats ate less food than normal on cyclic-ratio schedules
following cholecystokinin and lithium chloride injections.
Nevertheless, they defended this lower eating rate in the
same way as under control conditions. The pattern of effects
produced by cholecystokinin and lithium chloride resembled
those following diet adulteration with citric acid and
sucrose octa acetate and differed from the effects produced
by increases in body weight. Cholecystokinin and lithium
chloride injections also produced similar changes in the
free-feeding patterns of non-deprived rats: Both meal size
and intermeal intervals decreased in manner similar to the
effects of citric acid and sucrose octa acetate
adulteration. Interpreted in terms of a static regulatory
model, these results suggest that cholecystokinin and
lithium chloride suppress feeding by degrading the
palatability of food, not by promoting satiety, discomfort,
or illness.},
Doi = {10.1016/0031-9384(86)90435-x},
Key = {fds287998}
}
@article{fds288098,
Author = {Ettinger, RH and Thompson, S and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Cholecystokinin, lithium chloride, and feeding regulation in
rats},
Journal = {Physiology and Behavior},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {801-809},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds288098}
}
@article{fds288099,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Igualación, maximización y seguimiento de la
recompensa},
Journal = {Revista Latinamericana Psicologia},
Volume = {18},
Pages = {367-386},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds288099}
}
@article{fds287972,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Behavioral Economics: A Partial View},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews},
Volume = {30},
Number = {6},
Pages = {465-466},
Publisher = {Portico},
Year = {1985},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0010-7549},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AKV6200022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/023846},
Key = {fds287972}
}
@article{fds288013,
Author = {HORNER, JM and STADDON, JER},
Title = {CHOICE ON PROBABILISTIC SCHEDULES - A REWARD-FOLLOWING
ANALYSIS},
Journal = {BULLETIN OF THE PSYCHONOMIC SOCIETY},
Volume = {23},
Number = {4},
Pages = {304-304},
Publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ASX7400369&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288013}
}
@article{fds287978,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Reinforcement is the problem, not the solution: Variation
and selection of behavior},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {697-699},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1984},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984ACF9400152&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x00028235},
Key = {fds287978}
}
@article{fds288021,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Skinner's behaviorism implies a subcutaneous
homunculus},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {647-647},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1984},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984ACF9400118&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x00027898},
Key = {fds288021}
}
@article{fds287969,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {STATIC AND DYNAMIC COMPETITION},
Journal = {BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {98-99},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SH79600021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287969}
}
@article{fds288095,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Time and memory.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {423},
Number = {MAY},
Pages = {322-334},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SY97900030&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Standard animal memory tasks require judgments of event
recency: Delayed matching to sample (DMTS) requires that the
animal identify the stimulus seen most recently;
radial-maze-type (RM) tasks require that the animal identify
the place visited least recently. Delayed-reaction tasks are
intermediate. I argue that time discrimination (temporal
control) and event memory call on the same processes:
Proactive and retroactive effects occur in both, brief
events have less effect than protracted events, and
increases in event duration have smaller and smaller
effects. If the "ages" of past events are represented by
animals in a way consistent with Weber's and Jost's laws,
and if there is a limit to the number of different recencies
that can be discriminated, then the major differences
between these three types of memory task can be explained.
DMTS performance is poor because the animal must
discriminate between two sets of recencies (memory arrays)
that differ only in respect of the most recent event; RM
performance is good because the recencies of places visited
on the current versus earlier trials are always clearly
discriminable.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23441.x},
Key = {fds288095}
}
@article{fds288097,
Author = {Gendron, RP and Staddon, JER},
Title = {A laboratory simulation of foraging behavior: the effect of
search rate on the probability of detecting
prey.},
Journal = {American Naturalist},
Volume = {124},
Number = {3},
Pages = {407-415},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TK71300007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Human subjects searched for a target character ("prey')
among an array of background characters displayed on the
screen of a small computer. The search rate was controlled
by changing the display duration while prey crypticity was
varied by changing the background. The results of these
experiments provide support for a model we previously
developed to elucidate the behavior of predators searching
for cryptic prey. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.1086/284281},
Key = {fds288097}
}
@article{fds328635,
Author = {Thinés, G and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Editorial.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(84)90002-0},
Doi = {10.1016/0376-6357(84)90002-0},
Key = {fds328635}
}
@article{fds288016,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {ITS ALL A GAME},
Journal = {BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {116-117},
Publisher = {CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SK80900061&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00026480},
Key = {fds288016}
}
@article{fds288096,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Social learning theory and the dynamics of
interaction.},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {91},
Number = {4},
Pages = {502-507},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TM30900007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The recent controversy between A. Bandura (see record
1983-22326-001) and D. C. Phillips and R. Orton (see record
1983-22341-001) about the causal relations involved in
social interactions prompted a discussion of the proper role
for formal models in the analysis of social interactions.
The present author argues that (a) Bandura's attempt at
formal modeling of patterns of causation is vague and
misleading; (b) internal variables, such as expectation and
self-monitoring, can easily be handled by formal models; (c)
simple deterministic models can behave in unexpectedly
complex ways and cannot be ruled out in principle as
explanations for social interaction; and (d) unaided verbal
reasoning cannot hope to come to grips with the dynamics of
even simple interacting systems. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037//0033-295x.91.4.502},
Key = {fds288096}
}
@article{fds288091,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Gendron, RP},
Title = {Optimal Detection of Cryptic Prey May Lead to Predator
Switching},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {122},
Number = {6},
Pages = {843-848},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1983},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RS58900013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1086/284179},
Key = {fds288091}
}
@article{fds288088,
Author = {Hinson, JM and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Matching, maximizing, and hill-climbing.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {321-331},
Year = {1983},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RR16100011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In simple situations, animals consistently choose the better
of two alternatives. On concurrent variable-interval
variable-interval and variable-interval variable-ratio
schedules, they approximately match aggregate choice and
reinforcement ratios. The matching law attempts to explain
the latter result but does not address the former.
Hill-climbing rules such as momentary maximizing can account
for both. We show that momentary maximizing constrains molar
choice to approximate matching; that molar choice covaries
with pigeons' momentary-maximizing estimate; and that the
"generalized matching law" follows from almost any
hill-climbing rule.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1983.40-321},
Key = {fds288088}
}
@article{fds288005,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Alexander, RM},
Title = {Optima for Animals},
Journal = {BioScience},
Volume = {33},
Number = {8},
Pages = {522-522},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-3568},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RE10600016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1309154},
Key = {fds288005}
}
@article{fds288092,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Hinson, JM},
Title = {Optimization: a result or a mechanism?},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {221},
Number = {4614},
Pages = {976-977},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RE06400037&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.6879199},
Key = {fds288092}
}
@article{fds288089,
Author = {Ettinger, RH and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Operant regulation of feeding: a static analysis.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {97},
Number = {4},
Pages = {639-653},
Year = {1983},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RC65500013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Cyclic-ratio schedules are a rapid method for studying the
operant regulation of feeding rate. The cyclic method
produces results comparable to traditional but
time-consuming parametric methods. Performance on
cyclic-ratio schedules is well described by a linear
regulatory model that embodies three quantitative feedback
assumptions: (a) that rate of feeding is regulated by the
rate of operant behavior, (b) that taste factors have an
additive effect on the rate of the operant response, and (c)
that regulatory "gain" is inversely related to body weight.
This model accurately describes poorer regulatory
performance at high body weights and following amphetamine
administration, and the effects of altered diet palatability
on preferred feeding rates.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.97.4.639},
Key = {fds288089}
}
@article{fds288093,
Author = {Innis, NK and Simmelhag-Grant, VL and Staddon,
JE},
Title = {Behavior induced by periodic food delivery: The effects of
interfood interval.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {309-322},
Year = {1983},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983QE26100010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to fixed-time schedules of food
presentation ranging from five to 300 seconds. Although
consistent, stereotyped response patterns developed during
interfood intervals on all schedules, there were distinct
differences in the behavior observed on schedules with
short, as opposed to long, intervals. During the shorter
intervals, responses were performed quite vigorously, a
feeder-directed terminal response was observed, and most
activities were localized near the feeder. On the longer
schedules, no feeder-directed terminal response developed,
although the birds were usually near the feeder at the end
of intervals. The predominant response involved moving about
the chamber, often pacing along one of the walls.
Performance during short intervals is accounted for quite
well by the antagonistic-motivational state hypothesis
suggested by Staddon (1977); however, performance during
longer intervals is not. Behavior during interfood intervals
may more accurately be classified as reflecting a single
(food) motivational state and described simply in terms of
Craig's (1918) appetitive behavior.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1983.39-309},
Key = {fds288093}
}
@article{fds287986,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {How Animals Detect Causes},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {121-123},
Publisher = {Portico},
Year = {1983},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0010-7549},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983QD95900017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/021792},
Key = {fds287986}
}
@article{fds287991,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 1981, VOL 29, RESPONSE
STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION - BERNSTEIN,DJ},
Journal = {CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY},
Volume = {28},
Number = {10},
Pages = {795-797},
Publisher = {AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0010-7549},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RN29100051&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287991}
}
@article{fds288087,
Author = {Hinson, JM and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Hill-climbing by pigeons.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-47},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983PX69000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to two types of concurrent
operant-reinforcement schedules in order to determine what
choice rules determine behavior on these schedules. In the
first set of experiments, concurrent variable-interval,
variable-interval schedules, key-peck responses to either of
two alternative schedules produced food reinforcement after
a random time interval. The frequency of food-reinforcement
availability for the two schedules was varied over different
ranges for different birds. In the second series of
experiments, concurrent variable-ratio, variable-interval
schedules, key-peck responses to one schedule produced food
reinforcement after a random time interval, whereas food
reinforcement occurred for an alternative schedule only
after a random number of responses. Results from both
experiments showed that pigeons consistently follow a
behavioral strategy in which the alternative schedule chosen
at any time is the one which offers the highest momentary
reinforcement probability (momentary maximizing). The
quality of momentary maximizing was somewhat higher and more
consistent when both alternative reinforcement schedules
were time-based than when one schedule was time-based and
the alternative response-count based. Previous attempts to
provide evidence for the existence of momentary maximizing
were shown to be based upon faulty assumptions about the
behavior implied by momentary maximizing and resultant
inappropriate measures of behavior.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1983.39-25},
Key = {fds288087}
}
@article{fds288090,
Author = {Gendron, RP and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Searching for cryptic prey: the effect of search
rate.},
Journal = {American Naturalist},
Volume = {121},
Number = {2},
Pages = {172-186},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983QA63500003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Developed a model, based on Holling's disc equation, of a
predator searching for cryptic prey, assuming that the
probability of a predator detecting an encountered prey item
is inversely related to both prey crypticity and search
rate. The optimal search rate will then reflect a trade-off
between prey detection and the frequency of encounter. As
prey become more cryptic this optimal search rate drops. If
the energetic cost of locomotion is taken into account the
optimal search rate is somewhat lower, but in general this
additional effect is negligible. When a predator is
searching for 2 prey types which differ in crypticity the
optimal search rate increases with the relative density of
the more conspicuous species. This increase in search rate
may result in a dramatic drop in the probability of
detecting the more cryptic prey, so that even when it is
relatively abundant it may be virtually excluded from the
diet. This model can be modified to simulate the formation
of a search image and to generate density-dependent
predation.-from Author},
Doi = {10.1086/284049},
Key = {fds288090}
}
@article{fds288094,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Sobre a nocão de causa: aplicacões ao caso do
Behaviorismo},
Journal = {. Cadernos de História e Filosofia da Ciência},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {48-92},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds288094}
}
@article{fds288084,
Author = {Ettinger, RH and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Decreased feeding associated with acute hypoxia in
rats.},
Journal = {Physiology & behavior},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {455-458},
Year = {1982},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0031-9384},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PJ21700010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Rats obtained less food than normal on a cyclic-ratio
schedule during brief, 1-hr exposure to either moderate
hypobaric hypoxia (BP = 435 Torr, PO2 approximately equal to
91 Torr) or to hypoxic hypoxia (BP = 750 Torr, PO2,
approximately equal to 90 Torr), but not during hypobaric
exposure with 36.5% oxygen (BP = 435 Torr, PO2 approximately
equal to 159 Torr). The depressed rate of feeding associated
with hypoxia was nevertheless well regulated. Interpreted in
terms of a regulatory model, these results suggest that
hypoxia suppresses eating because it degrades the taste of
food, not because it impairs feeding regulation or general
activity.},
Doi = {10.1016/0031-9384(82)90266-9},
Key = {fds288084}
}
@article{fds288085,
Author = {Reid, AK and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Schedule-induced drinking: Elicitation, anticipation, or
behavioral interaction?},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-18},
Year = {1982},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NW16500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We carried out five experiments with rats on fixed-time
schedules in order to define the relation between drinking
and individual food-pellet presentations. In Experiment 1,
unsignaled extra food occurred at the end of occasional
fixed intervals, and we compared subsequent drinking
patterns with drinking before the extra food presentation.
In Experiment 2 we presented signaled and unsignaled extra
food and measured elicited and anticipatory drinking
patterns. In Experiment 3, we observed the persistence of
modified drinking patterns when several consecutive
intervals ended with extra pellets. In Experiments 4 and 5,
we varied the magnitude of food delivery across (rather than
within) sessions to replicate published findings. Results
show that schedule-induced drinking is neither elicited by
food presentations nor induced by stimuli associated with a
high food rate. All subjects seemed to follow a simple rule:
during any stimulus signaling an increase in the local
probability of food delivery within a session, engage in
food-related behavior to the exclusion of drinking.
Schedule-induced drinking appears to be the result of
dynamic interactions among food-related behavior, drinking,
and other motivated behavior, rather than a direct effect of
the contingencies of food reinforcement.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1982.38-1},
Key = {fds288085}
}
@article{fds288086,
Author = {Starr, BC and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Sensory superstition on multiple interval
schedules.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {37},
Number = {2},
Pages = {267-280},
Year = {1982},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NG79700010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to multiple schedules in which an
irregular repeating sequence of five stimulus components was
correlated with the same reinforcement schedule throughout.
Stable, idiosyncratic, response-rate differences developed
across components. Components were rank-ordered by response
rate; an approximately linear relation was found between
rank order and the deviation of mean response rate from the
overall mean rate. Nonzero slopes of this line were found
for multiple fixed-interval and variable-time schedules and
for multiple variable-interval schedules both when number of
reinforcements was the same in all components and when it
varied. The steepest function slopes were found in the
variable schedules with relatively long interfood intervals
and relatively short component durations. When just one
stimulus was correlated with all components of a multiple
variable-interval schedule, the slope of the line was close
to zero. The results suggest that food-rate differences may
be induced initially by different reactions to the stimuli
and subsequently maintained by food.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1982.37-267},
Key = {fds288086}
}
@article{fds287979,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On the dangers of demand curves: A comment of Lea and
Tarpy},
Journal = {Behaviour Analysis Letters},
Volume = {2},
Number = {6},
Pages = {321-325},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0166-4794},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PU42300002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287979}
}
@article{fds287993,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {In the beginning was the word},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {390-391},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PR89500022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00012693},
Key = {fds287993}
}
@article{fds288015,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {THE NEW WORLD OF ECONOMICS - EXPLORATIONS INTO THE
HUMAN-EXPERIENCE - MCKENZIE,RB, TULLOCK,GG},
Journal = {BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS LETTERS},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {62-64},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0166-4794},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982MZ52800008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288015}
}
@article{fds288018,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {BRAINSTORMS - PHILOSOPHICAL ESSAYS ON MIND AND PSYCHOLOGY -
DENNETT,DC},
Journal = {BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS LETTERS},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {123-125},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0166-4794},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NF84400008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288018}
}
@article{fds288083,
Author = {Ettinger, RH and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Behavioral competition, component duration and
multiple-schedule contrast},
Journal = {Behaviour Analysis Letters},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-38},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0166-4794},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982MZ52800004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Four pigeons pecked keys on multiple variable - interval
variable-interval schedules of food reinforcement. When the
duration of each component was varied independently,
response rates during the rich component of a multiple VI
60-sec VI 240-sec schedule were inversely related to its
duration, whereas rates during the lean component were
directly related to its duration. These findings are
consistent with the view that behavioral contrast on
multiple schedules is a result of the reallocation of
competing interim and terminal activities. The size of
contrast is a function of the competitiveness of interim
activities, which is governed by dynamic satiation and
deprivation processes.},
Key = {fds288083}
}
@article{fds288078,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Cognition in animals: learning as program
assembly.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {287-294},
Year = {1981},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MN54100042&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1016/0010-0277(81)90059-7},
Key = {fds288078}
}
@article{fds288082,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Hinson, JM and Kram, R},
Title = {Optimal choice.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {35},
Number = {3},
Pages = {397-412},
Year = {1981},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LP13200011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We present a classification and theoretical analysis of
discrete-trial and free-operant choice procedures in which
reinforcement is assigned to one alternative only, or
independently to both, is either always available or
conditionally available, and is either "held" or not from
trial to trial. Momentary-maximizing and (globally) optimal
choice sequences are defined in terms of initializing and
marker events. Free-operant choice is analyzed in terms of a
clock space whose axes are the times since the last A and B
choices. The analysis shows that most molar matching data
are derivable from momentary maximizing, and that the
momentary-maximizing hypothesis has not been adequately
tested in either discrete-trial or free-operant
situations.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1981.35-397},
Key = {fds288082}
}
@article{fds288020,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {CITATION CLASSIC - THE SUPERSTITION EXPERIMENT - A
REEXAMINATION OF ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PRINCIPLES OF
ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR},
Journal = {CURRENT CONTENTS/SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES},
Number = {12},
Pages = {20-20},
Publisher = {INST SCI INFORM INC},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0092-6361},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LF07000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288020}
}
@article{fds288079,
Author = {Hinson, JM and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Some temporal properties of local contrast},
Journal = {Behaviour Analysis Letters},
Volume = {1},
Number = {5},
Pages = {275-281},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0166-4794},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MJ25600005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons received variable-interval food reinforcement for
key pecking during one line-orientation stimulus while key
pecking during another line orientation was extinguished
(mult VI EXT); the duration of the extinction component was
either fixed or variable. When the duration of the
extinction stimulus was variable, stable response rate was
highest during the initial part of the VI component
(positive local contrast) and lowest early in the extinction
component (negative local contrast). Early in training the
magnitude of positive local contrast was directly related to
the duration of the preceding extinction stimulus, but this
dependence eventually disappeared. When the duration of the
preceding extinction stimulus was constant, positive local
contrast disappeared, but was reinstated by a long time-out
period introduced part way through each experimental
session. These data suggest that local contrast effects
represent a temporary disequilibrium between competing
activities and the instrumental response.},
Key = {fds288079}
}
@article{fds288080,
Author = {Houston, AI and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Optimality principles and behavior: It's all for the
best},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {395-396},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MN23200039&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X0000947X},
Key = {fds288080}
}
@article{fds288081,
Author = {King, AP and West, MJ and Eastzer, DH and Staddon,
JER},
Title = {An experimental investigation of the bioacoustics of cowbird
song},
Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {211-217},
Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {0340-5443},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MQ15900008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Female cowbirds (Molothrus ater ater), maintained in
isolation from males during the breeding season, respond to
the playback of male song with copulatory postures. They
respond to some songs more than to others. Cowbird song
potency can thus be operationally defined by the proportion
of copulatory postures a song elicits across multiple
playbacks. The purpose of the present study was to explore
whether song potency changes with distance in the field. No
field recordings elicited high levels of responding by the
females. When songs of known high potency are systematically
degraded, the results indicate that female cowbirds are
sensitive to small changes in signal to noise ratio and to
atmospheric attenuation. The data suggest that cowbird song
potency degrades very rapidly with transmission distance in
the field. © 1981 Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00302940},
Key = {fds288081}
}
@article{fds288077,
Author = {Staddon, JE and King, M and Lockhead, GR},
Title = {On sequential effects in absolute judgment
experiments},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and
Performance},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {290-301},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1980},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0096-1523},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JR95800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In absolute judgment experiments with feedback, the events
on a given trial, n, exert a biphasic effect on succeeding
responses: The response on trial n + 1 is displaced toward
the stimulus (or feedback) on trial n (assimilation), and
the response on each of several subsequent trials is
displaced in the opposite direction (contrast). The
possibility that the response on trial n + k can be
explained as the weighted sum of events on that and
preceding trials (linear model) was examined. It is
concluded that (a) data from a typical absolute judgment
experiment are not clearly consistent with the linear
approach; (b) a 1st-order (1 trial back) linear model cannot
account for the typical biphasic weighting sequence, but a
2nd-order model can do so; and (c) the possibility of real
effects extending over several preceding trials cannot be
excluded. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA,
all rights reserved). © 1980 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0096-1523.6.2.290},
Key = {fds288077}
}
@article{fds287999,
Author = {Blaine, C and Innis, NK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Stimulus control of behavior induced by a periodic schedule
of food presentation in pigeons},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-134},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980KH13400017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Four pigeons were exposed to a fixed-time (FT) 27-sec
schedule of food presentation in a large chamber partitioned
into several areas. Each area provided different
environmental support stimuli, such as water, nesting
material, or the opportunity to observe another bird. A
stereotyped pattern of behavior developed, with the birds
leaving the food area early in intervals (interim activity)
and returning to perform a food-related behavior (terminal
response) toward the end of intervals. Unlike rats under
similar conditions, the pigeons’ interim activities did
not seem to be under the direct control of environmental
stimuli. Early in intervals, the birds simply turned and
walked away from the food area for a few seconds, before
returning to perform the terminal response. © 1980, The
Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03334460},
Key = {fds287999}
}
@article{fds288076,
Author = {Blaine, C and Innis, NK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Stimulus control of behavior induced by a schedule of
periodic food presentation in pigeons},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {131-134},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds288076}
}
@article{fds288074,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Motheral, S},
Title = {Response independence, matching and maximizing: A reply to
Heyman},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {86},
Number = {5},
Pages = {501-505},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HN33600006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {G. Heyman's (see record 1980-00325-001) major criticism of
the present authors' (see record 1979-22914-001)
reinforcement maximization model is that it does not
consider "local" and "interchangeover" interresponse times
separately. The present authors show that this separation
may not be necessary, since their assumption of independent,
random responding to each alternative can account both for
the observed equality of local response rates and, when the
constraint on total responding is included, for the inverse
relation between changeover rates and the degree of
disparity between overall response rates to the 2
alternatives. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006
APA, all rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.86.5.501},
Key = {fds288074}
}
@article{fds288007,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Motheral, S},
Title = {"On Matching and Maximizing in Operant Choice Experiments":
Correction.},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {86},
Number = {2},
Pages = {156-156},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GR78800006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/h0077952},
Key = {fds288007}
}
@article{fds288072,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Conservation and consequences--theories of behavior under
constraint: An overview},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
Volume = {108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-3},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GU39600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Introduces a group of articles on related topics in operant
conditioning research: (a) the relativity of reinforcement,
(b) choice, (c) the quantitative law of effect, and (d)
optimal behavior. The focus is on the functional relations
between response and reinforcement rates in ratio and
interval schedules of reinforcement. (8 ref) (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1979
American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.108.1.1},
Key = {fds288072}
}
@article{fds288073,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Operant behavior as adaptation to constraint},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
Volume = {108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {48-67},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GU39600006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Reinforcement schedules restrict an organism's access to 1
activity (the contingent response, or reinforcer) by
requiring it to engage in a 2nd activity (the instrumental
response) for access to the 1st one. Behavior is also
constrained by limitations of time, so that an increase in
an activity entails a decrease in some others. If an
organism's repertoire consists of N independent, mutually
exclusive and exhaustive activities, these 2 constraints can
be represented as surfaces in an N-dimensional space whose
axes are the levels of the N activities. The distribution of
activities under free conditions is represented by a point
(the free-behavior point) in such a space. Functional
relations between the equilibrium levels of the instrumental
and contingent responses under different schedules of
reinforcement can be generated by the homeostatic assumption
that organisms act to minimize the distance between the
point representing their distribution of activities under
schedule conditions and the free-behavior point. This
simplified approach predicts the form of the functional
relations obtained on ratio, interval, and several other
schedules, as well as the differences between them. (51 ref)
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights
reserved). © 1979 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.108.1.48},
Key = {fds288073}
}
@article{fds328636,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Regulation and time allocation: Comment on "Conservation in
behavior"},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
Volume = {108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-40},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.108.1.35},
Abstract = {Comments on an article by J. Allison et al (see record
1980-27214-001). Conservation theory in either its 1- or
2-parameter form predicts a linear relation with negative
slope between measures of the instrumental and contingent
response. Empirical results from ratio schedule experiments
conform to the linear prediction over a limited range, but
results from experiments with VI schedules are not
consistent with the linear model. (13 ref) (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1979
American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.108.1.35},
Key = {fds328636}
}
@article{fds288075,
Author = {West, MJ and King, AP and Eastzer, DH and Staddon,
JE},
Title = {A bioassay of isolate cowbird song},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative and Physiological
Psychology},
Volume = {93},
Number = {1},
Pages = {124-133},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0021-9940},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GL69400007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In 2 experiments, captive female cowbirds, both isolation
reared and wild caught, were exposed during the breeding
season to experimentally manipulated versions of isolate
male song. Data show that a single song element, a brief
note between the song phrases, played a pivotal role in
eliciting the female's copulatory response to song. Data
also demonstrate that relative amplitude variation and the
fine structure within the interphrase unit affected the
potency of a given song. Results suggest that the acoustic
properties of this unit may account for the enhanced
effectiveness of isolate song over normal cowbird song as a
sexual releaser. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006
APA, all rights reserved). © 1979 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/h0077577},
Key = {fds288075}
}
@article{fds287990,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {CONSERVATION IN BEHAVIOR - COMMENT},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL},
Volume = {108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-40},
Publisher = {AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GU39600003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287990}
}
@article{fds288012,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Thirst - a static analysis},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {120-121},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HJ63900095&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00061355},
Key = {fds288012}
}
@article{fds288069,
Author = {Hinson, JM and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Behavioral competition: a mechanism for schedule
interactions.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {202},
Number = {4366},
Pages = {432-434},
Year = {1978},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FT07600026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Rats pressing a lever for food reinforcement showed large
positive-contrast effects when provided with the opportunity
for a competing wheel-running response. Positive and
negative behavioral contrast may reflect reallocation of
competing interim and terminal responses between schedule
components following changes in the reinforcement conditions
in one component.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.705334},
Key = {fds288069}
}
@article{fds288071,
Author = {Staddon, JER and McGeorge, LW and Bruce, RA and Klein,
FF},
Title = {A Simple Method for the Rapid Analysis of Animal
Sounds},
Journal = {Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie},
Volume = {48},
Number = {3},
Pages = {306-330},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0044-3573},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978GP49800005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {A simple, real‐time method for displaying the information
contained in the zero‐crossings of acoustic signals is
described. The method can be used even with many signals
that have harmonics, and reveals a wealth of fine structure
in bird song. Some of this structure may serve a
communicatory function. 1978 Blackwell Verlag
GmbH},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1978.tb00262.x},
Key = {fds288071}
}
@article{fds288068,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Theory of behavioral power functions.},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {85},
Number = {4},
Pages = {305-320},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FE49700003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Data in operant conditioning and psychophysics are often
well fitted by functions of the form y = qxs. A simple
theory derives these power functions from the simultaneous
equations dx/x = a1f(z)dz and dy/y = a2f(z)dz, where z is a
comparison variable that is equated for the effects of x
and) y, and a1 and a2 are sensitivity parameters. In operant
conditioning, x and y are identified with response rates; in
psychophysics, with measures of stimulus and response. The
theory can explain converging sets of power functions,
solves the dimensional problems with the standard power
function, and can account for the relation between Type I
and Type II psychophysical scales. (64 ref) (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1978
American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037//0033-295x.85.4.305},
Key = {fds288068}
}
@article{fds288070,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Motheral, S},
Title = {On matching and maximizing in operant choice
experiments},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {85},
Number = {5},
Pages = {436-444},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FR31000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Animals match relative response rate to relative
reinforcement rate in 2-choice situations where each
alternative provides reinforcement according to a VI
schedule. It is shown that matching, and a model proposed
for it by R. J. Herrnstein (1961), can both be derived from
reinforcement maximization under a linear response
constraint. Empirical results are consistent with the
constraint assumption, but they fail to support an extension
of the approach to choice situations in which one
alternative dispenses reinforcement according to a ratio
schedule. Neither matching nor maximizing may be a
fundamental principle. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1978 American
Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.85.5.436},
Key = {fds288070}
}
@article{fds304744,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Motheral, S},
Title = {On matching and maximizing in operant choice
experiments.},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {85},
Number = {5},
Pages = {436-444},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FR31000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037//0033-295x.85.5.436},
Key = {fds304744}
}
@article{fds288006,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {On Herrnstein's equation and related forms.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-170},
Year = {1977},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DT78000007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In 1970, Herrnstein proposed a simple equation to describe
the relation between response and reinforcement rates on
interval schedules. Its empirical basis is firm, but its
theoretical foundation is still uncertain. Two approaches to
the derivation of Herrnstein's equation are discussed. It
can be derived as the equilibrium solution to a process
model equivalent to familiar linear-operator learning
models. Modifications of this approach yield competing
power-function formulations. The equation can also be
derived from the assumption that response strength is
proportional to reinforcement rate, given that there is a
ceiling on response rate. The proportional relation can, in
turn, be derived from a threshold assumption equivalent to
Shimp's "momentary maximizing". This derivation implies that
the two parameters of Herrnstein's equation should be
correlated, and may explain its special utility in
application to internal schedules.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1977.28-163},
Key = {fds288006}
}
@article{fds41516,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Temporal fine structure of bird song},
Journal = {Proceedings of the XVth International Ethological
Conference},
Pages = {156},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds41516}
}
@article{fds41541,
Author = {Staddon, J. E. R. and Simmelhag, V},
Title = {The “superstition” experiment: A reexamination of its
implications for the principles of adaptive
behavior},
Booktitle = {Behavior and learning},
Publisher = {San Francisco: W. H. Freeman},
Editor = {H. Rachlin},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds41541}
}
@article{fds41544,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Darwin explained: An object-lesson in theory construction.
[Review of M. T. Ghiselin (Ed.), The Triumph of the
Darwinian Method [Reprinted as Explanation and
proof]},
Pages = {358-361},
Booktitle = {Theories in contemporary psychology},
Publisher = {New York: Macmillan},
Editor = {M. H. Marx and F. E. Goodson},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds41544}
}
@article{fds287994,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {A Note on the Evolutionary Significance of "Supernormal"
Stimuli},
Journal = {The American Naturalist},
Volume = {109},
Number = {969},
Pages = {541-545},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1975},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0003-0147},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AS73000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1086/283025},
Key = {fds287994}
}
@article{fds287996,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {Autocontingencies: Special contingencies or special stimuli?
A review of Davis, Memmott, and Hurwitz},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
Volume = {104},
Number = {3},
Pages = {189-191},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1975},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AN63700002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Comments on the article by H. Davis (see record
1975-20006-001) which proposed the concept of
"autocontingencies" to describe the unscheduled and
unintended relations that exist between important
experimental events. The need for the term "autocontingency"
is questioned, the Davis proposal that contingencies related
to postfood and postshock time are subtle in their effects
is challenged, and the alternative possibility that the
fixed CS duration means that time since CS onset is a
predictor of CS offset is suggested. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1975 American
Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.189},
Key = {fds287996}
}
@article{fds288067,
Author = {Kello, JE and Innis, NK and Staddon, JE},
Title = {Eccentric stimuli on multiple fixed-interval
schedules.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {233-240},
Year = {1975},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975V890100009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The effects of presenting a different ("eccentric") stimulus
for one interval during either or both components of a
cyclic multiple fixed-interval fixed-interval schedule, with
12 short and four long intervals per cycle, were studied in
three experiments. Eccentric stimuli in the short-interval
component reliably produced a persistent, substantial
elevation in key-peck rate. The effect appears to depend on
schedule context and an initial "disinhibiting" effect of
the eccentric stimulus.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1975.23-233},
Key = {fds288067}
}
@article{fds288063,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {LIMITATIONS ON TEMPORAL CONTROL: GENERALIZATION AND THE
EFFECTS OF CONTEXT},
Journal = {British Journal of Psychology},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {229-246},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0007-1269},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AD11400013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {On fixed‐interval reinforcement schedules, the
time‐marker initiating each interval produces a pause
before the terminal response begins (inhibitory temporal
control). In four experiments on temporal control, two kinds
of interaction in intercalated stimulus sequences were
identified: confusion effects, reflecting similarities among
stimuli, and attention (overshadowing) effects, reflecting
differential memorability. 1975 The British Psychological
Society},
Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01459.x},
Key = {fds288063}
}
@article{fds288064,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Ayres, SL},
Title = {Sequential and Temporal Properties of Behavior Induced by a
Schedule of Periodic Food Delivery},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {26-49},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7959},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AN77800002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {1. Five hungry rats were exposed to a schedule of periodic
food presentation, receiving a single pellet every 30 sec.,
in an apparatus that permitted drinking, running, and other
activities. The development, extinction, and structure of
behavior sequences under this regimen was studied in three
experiments. 2. All the rats developed a stable pattern of
behavior after twenty or so half-hour sessions. The modal
pattern was drinking early in the interfood interval,
running in the middle, and food anticipation at the end.
This temporal pattern was associated with different
sequential patterns in different individuals. 3. Elimination
of opportunity to engage in one or more activities resulted
in an increase in other activities, but the increase was not
in simple proportion to their frequency under baseline
conditions. 4. In the steady state the sequence of behaviors
in each interval appeared to be determined by two main
factors: (a) post-eating time, and (b) the “momentum”
associated with an ongoing activity. Differences among
individual rats appeared to be due largely to differences in
the second factor. © 1975, Brill. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1163/156853975X00317},
Key = {fds288064}
}
@article{fds288065,
Author = {Staddon, JE and Frank, JA},
Title = {The role of the peck-food contingency on fixed-interval
schedules.},
Journal = {Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {17-23},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5002},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975V247400002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Pigeons were trained to peck on a fixed-interval schedule of
food reinforcement and then exposed to three schedules in
which there was either no, or an indirect, relation between
pecking and food delivery: (a) a conjunctive schedule in
which food was delivered at fixed intervals, providing at
least one peck was emitted in the interval; (b) a recycling
version of the conjunctive schedule that essentially
eliminated occasional peck-food contiguities (recycling
conjunctive); (c) delivery of food at fixed intervals
independently of the birds' behavior (fixed time). The rates
and patterns of pecking sustained by these procedures
depended on interfood interval and relative proximity of
pecks to food.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1975.23-17},
Key = {fds288065}
}
@article{fds288066,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Frank, JA},
Title = {Temporal control on periodic schedules: Fine
structure},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society},
Volume = {6},
Number = {5},
Pages = {536-538},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AZ17100028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The temporal pattern of the terminal response on periodic
schedules depends on when responding begins. Pigeons pecking
on fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules of food
reinforcement responded, or accelerated, faster the later in
an interval they began responding. © 1975, The Psychonomic
Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03337561},
Key = {fds288066}
}
@article{fds340478,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Temporal control on periodic schedules: Fine
structure},
Publisher = {Psychonomic Society},
Year = {1975},
Abstract = {The temporal pattern of the terminal response on periodic
schedules depends on when responding begins. Pigeons pecking
on fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules of food
reinforcement responded, or accelerated, faster the later in
an interval they began responding.},
Key = {fds340478}
}
@article{fds328637,
Author = {Staddon, JE},
Title = {A note on behavioural contrast and frustation.},
Journal = {The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {285-292},
Year = {1974},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640747408400414},
Doi = {10.1080/14640747408400414},
Key = {fds328637}
}
@article{fds288058,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Temporal control, attention and memory},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {81},
Number = {5},
Pages = {375-391},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0036998},
Abstract = {Notes that animals do not usually respond for food at times
when it is not available (e.g., the time just after food
delivery on periodic schedules). Consequently, food acquires
inhibitory aftereffects (inhibitory temporal control) on
such schedules so that its omission elevates subsequent
response rate (omission effect). Previous data, results of
an experiment with 4 male White Carneaux pigeons, and
arguments are presented to show that temporal control
depends on the properties of memory and attention.
Maintained reinforcement-omission effects reflect temporal
overshadowing of neutral events (e.g., food omission) by
more salient and memorable events (e.g., food).
Disinhibition of delay and reinforcement-magnitude context
effects can also be analyzed in these terms. (65 ref)
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights
reserved). © 1974 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/h0036998},
Key = {fds288058}
}
@article{fds288059,
Author = {Frank, J and Staddon, JER},
Title = {The effects of restraint on temporal discrimination
behavior},
Journal = {Psychological Record},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {123-130},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03394224},
Doi = {10.1007/BF03394224},
Key = {fds288059}
}
@article{fds288060,
Author = {Kello, JE and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Control of long-interval performance on mixed cyclic-
interval schedules},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-4},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03334173},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to a series of cyclic-interval food
reinforcement schedules in which each cycle comprised 12
1-min intervals followed by 2 2-min intervals, 2 6-min
intervals, or 6 6-min intervals. Response rate was higher
and postfood pause shorter in the long (2- or 6-min) than in
the short (1-min) intervals. Response rate decreased and
pause generally increased across successive 2-min intervals,
but response rate increased and pause generally decreased
across successive 6-min intervals. Performance in the 2-min
intervals is consistent with a temporal discrimination
account, but performance in the 6-min intervals supports
earlier suggestions that some other factor (response
“momentum”) may be involved when the long intervals are
sufficiently longer than the short. © 1974, The Psychonomic
Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03334173},
Key = {fds288060}
}
@article{fds288061,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Frank, J},
Title = {Mechanisms of discrimination reversal},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {22},
Number = {PART 4},
Pages = {802-828},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(74)90004-9},
Abstract = {Groups of pigeons were trained on a successive
discrimination procedure (multiple variable-interval,
extinction schedule, with correction in S-), and then
exposed to successive reversals, either daily, or less
frequently. At asymptote the birds made more than 90 per
cent of their responses to S+, and showed good transfer to a
'learning set' series. Three factors were involved in
discrimination reversal performance: (a) a tendency to
respond to only one of the two stimuli presented each day;
(b) control of 'choice' by food delivery and by procedural
cues; (c) a tendency to respond to the prior S+ (negative
transfer). Transfer effects showed themselves in two main
ways: (a) by impaired performance on the first reversal
following manipulations that increased the salience in
memory of S+ on a given day, such as a shift to a new pair
of stimuli, or a gap (days off) in a series of daily
reversals. The new-problem effect was quite robust, but the
days-off effect was observed only when other controlling
factors were relatively weak; (b) by impaired performance on
the first reversal following learning set training
interpolated into a series of reversals. Reversal
performance seems to represent a balance among a number of
controlling factors, and the factors involved may be
different for different individuals, even though the final
performances appear similar. © 1974.},
Doi = {10.1016/0003-3472(74)90004-9},
Key = {fds288061}
}
@article{fds288062,
Author = {Starr, B and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Temporal control on fixed-interval schedules: Signal
properties of reinforcement and blackout},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {22},
Number = {3},
Pages = {535-545},
Year = {1974},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1974.22-535},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to periodic food-reinforcement
schedules in which intervals ended with equal probability in
either reinforcement or brief blackout. The effects on the
pattern of key pecking of sequential probability of
reinforcement, interval duration, and time to reinforcement
opportunity were investigated in three experiments. The
major results were: (1) at short absolute interval
durations, time to reinforcement opportunity determined both
postreinforcement and postblackout pause (time to first key
peck within an interval); (2) at long intervals,
postblackout pause was consistently shorter than
postreinforcement pause, even if both events signalled the
same time to the next reinforcement opportunity (omission
effect); (3) when reinforcement and blackout signalled
different times to the next reinforcement opportunity,
within the same experiment, there was some evidence for
interactions analogous to behavioral contrast.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1974.22-535},
Key = {fds288062}
}
@article{fds288057,
Author = {Malone, JC and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Contrast effects in maintained generalization
gradients},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {167-179},
Year = {1973},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1973.19-167},
Abstract = {In Experiment I, pigeons were given equal reinforcement
(variable-interval 1-min) for responding during randomized
presentations of eight line-orientation stimuli. Then, only
responding in the vertical orientation was reinforced.
Stable generalization gradients soon formed and persistent
behavioral and local (transient) contrast effects appeared.
Local contrast effects were not a function of relative
reinforcement frequency or of any other variable known to
produce contrast. Instead, they were related to average
response rates associated with each stimulus. Experiment II
showed that local contrast effects represent increases and
decreases in response rates relative to baseline responding,
and that these effects are relative; a given stimulus might
enhance responding during a subsequent presentation of one
stimulus, but depress responding when followed by another.
These data indicate that discrimination learning is not
adequately described as the acquisition of excitatory
properties by some stimuli and inhibitory properties by
others. A more adequate account implies that stimuli exert
both excitatory and inhibitory effects related to their
value.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1973.19-167},
Key = {fds288057}
}
@article{fds328638,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On the notion of cause, with applications to
behaviorism},
Journal = {Behaviorism},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {25-63},
Year = {1972},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds328638}
}
@article{fds288055,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {A note on the analysis of behavioral sequences in Columba
livia},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {284-292},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1972},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(72)80050-2},
Abstract = {Regularity of temporal succession is not sufficient to infer
a causal relationship between two acts. Regularly-occurring
consummatory responses, such as eating, provide 'time
markers' which may allow regular succession due to an
internal clock to be distinguished from sequential
regularity due to causal relationships between successive
acts. These points are illustrated by an analysis of
behavioural sequences observed in an experiment on
superstitious behaviour in pigeons. © 1972.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(72)80050-2},
Key = {fds288055}
}
@article{fds288056,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Reinforcement omission on temporal go–no-go
schedules},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {223-229},
Year = {1972},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1972.18-223},
Abstract = {Either a partial blackout, or the blackout plus a "feeder
flash", occurred in lieu of reinforcement on two procedures
that produced opposite patterns of responding after
reinforcement. Response rate was elevated after
reinforcement omission on the procedure that produced a
"pause-and-respond" pattern following reinforcement, but
depressed after reinforcement omission on the procedure that
produced a "respond-and-pause" pattern. The effect of
blackout plus feeder flash was generally intermediate
between the effects of blackout and the effects of
reinforcement. These results are consistent with an
interpretation of reinforcement omission effects in terms of
the discriminative temporal control exerted by reinforcement
and stimuli similar to it.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1972.18-223},
Key = {fds288056}
}
@article{fds288053,
Author = {Innis, NK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Temporal tracking on cyclic-interval reinforcement
schedules},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {411-423},
Year = {1971},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1971.16-411},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to four cycles per session of a
schedule in which the duration of successive
interreinforcement intervals differed by t-sec. A cycle was
composed of seven increasing and seven decreasing intervals,
from 2t to 8t sec in length. In Exp. 1, postreinforcement
pause tracked interval duration on five cyclic schedules,
with values of t ranging from 2 to 40 sec. Tracking was
better at shorter t values, and when discriminative stimuli
signalled increasing and decreasing parts of the cycle.
Pooled data for the whole experiment showed
postreinforcement pause to bear a power function
relationship to interval length, with a smaller exponent
than the comparable function for fixed-interval schedules.
Tests in a second experiment showed that pigeons trained on
an arithmetic progression could also track schedules in
which successive intervals followed either a logarithmic or
a geometric progression, although tracking was more stable
in the logarithmic case.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1971.16-411},
Key = {fds288053}
}
@article{fds288054,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Simmelhag, V},
Title = {The “superstition” experiment: A reexamination of its
implications for the principles of adaptive
behavior},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {78},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-43},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1971},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0030305},
Abstract = {Replication and extension of Skinner's "supersitition"
experiment showed the development of 2 kinds of behavior at
asymptote: (a) interim activities, related to adjunctive
behavior, which occurred just after food delivery; and (b)
the terminal response, a discriminated operant, which
occurred toward the end of the interval and continued until
food delivery. These data suggest a view of operant
conditioning (the terminal response) in terms of 2 sets of
principles: principles of behavioral variation that describe
the origins of behavior appropriate to a situation, in
advance of reinforcement; and principles of reinforcement
that describe the selective elimination of behavior so
produced. This approach was supported by (a) an account of
the parallels between the law of effect and evolution by
means of natural selection; (b) its ability to elucidate
persistent problems in learning, e.g., continuity vs.
noncontinuity, variability associated with extinction, the
relationship between classical and instrumental
conditioning, the controversy between behaviorist and
cognitive approaches to learning; and (c) its ability to
deal with a number of recent anomalies in the learning
literature (instinctive drift, auto-shaping, and
auto-maintenance). The interim activities are interpreted in
terms of interactions among motivational systems, and this
view is supported by a review of the literature on
adjunctive behavior and by comparison with similar phenomena
in ethology (displacement, redirection, and vacuum
activities). The proposed theoretical scheme represents a
shift away from hypothetical laws of learning toward an
interpretation of behavioral change in terms of interaction
and competition among tendencies to action according to
principles evolved in phylogeny. (4 p. ref.) (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights
reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/h0030305},
Key = {fds288054}
}
@article{fds41554,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {The effect of information feedback on temporal tracking in
pigeons},
Pages = {256-267},
Booktitle = {Festschrift for B. F. Skinner},
Publisher = {New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts},
Editor = {P. B. Dews},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds41554}
}
@article{fds288049,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Effect of reinforcement duration on fixed-interval
responding.},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-11},
Year = {1970},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1970.13-9},
Abstract = {Five different reinforcement durations occurred randomly
within each session on fixed interval 60-sec.
Postreinforcement pause was directly related (and "running"
rate inversely related) to the duration of reinforcement
initiating each fixed interval.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1970.13-9},
Key = {fds288049}
}
@article{fds288050,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Temporal effects of reinforcement: A negative
“frustration” effect},
Journal = {Learning and Motivation},
Volume = {1},
Number = {3},
Pages = {227-247},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1970},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3230 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Reinforcement omission in situations that show positive
goal-gradients elevates subsequent responding (positive
"frustration" effect). In this experiment, in a situation
showing a negative goal-gradient, reinforcement omission
depressed subsequent responding (negative "frustration"
effect). A simple hypothesis in terms of discriminative
after-effects of reinforcement accounts for both effects.
The same interpretation is adequate to describe frustration
effects in runways and avoids problems faced by frustration
theory. Some further tests of the hypothesis are proposed.
© 1970.},
Doi = {10.1016/0023-9690(70)90148-7},
Key = {fds288050}
}
@article{fds288051,
Author = {Innis, NK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Sequential effects in cyclic-interval schedules},
Journal = {Psychonomic Science},
Volume = {19},
Number = {5},
Pages = {313-315},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1970},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03328834},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to two cyclic-interval schedules
involving a cycle of 12 1-min fixed intervals followed by
either 6 2-min intervals or 2 6-min intervals. Response rate
was higher during the longer intervals in both cases.
Comparison between these results and data from a previous
experiment with a FI 1 FI 3 schedule suggests that three
factors underlie responding to these schedules: the duration
of the long intervals, the number of successive long
intervals in a cycle (run length), and a factor involving
the interaction between interval length and the pigeon’s
own behavior (“momentum”). © 1970, Psychonomic
Journals, Inc.. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03328834},
Key = {fds288051}
}
@article{fds288052,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Simmelhag, V},
Title = {“Superstitious” sequences},
Journal = {Proceedings of the 78th Annual Convention of the American
Psychological Association},
Pages = {757-758},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds288052}
}
@article{fds328639,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {INHIBITION AND THE OPERANT: A review of Sensory Inhibition,
by G. v. Békésy, and Mach Bands: quantitative studies on
neural networks in the retina, by Floyd Ratliff},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {481-487},
Publisher = {Society for the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior},
Year = {1969},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1969.12-481},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1969.12-481},
Key = {fds328639}
}
@article{fds288045,
Author = {Innis, NK and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Scopolamine and reinforcement omission on fixed-interval
schedules},
Journal = {Psychonomic Science},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-45},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1969},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03336417},
Abstract = {Two rats were run on a fixed-interval schedule with
occasional blackouts (2–32 sec) substituted for
reinforcement. Injections of scopolamine eliminated the
fixed-interval scallop and substantially reduced the
elevation in response rate which typically follows
reinforcement ommission. This result is in agreement with a
nonmotivational interpretation of interval-schedule
“frustration” effects. © 1969, Psychonomic Journals,
Inc.. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03336417},
Key = {fds288045}
}
@article{fds288046,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The effect of informative feedback on temporal tracking in
the pigeon},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-38},
Year = {1969},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5994 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Pigeons emitted interresponse times that were reinforced if
they fell between an upper and a lower bound (t<IRT<t+t/10).
Brief stimuli followed each response; under some
experimental conditions the color of these stimuli was
correlated with whether the preceding interresponse time was
longer or shorter than that specified by the schedule.
Preliminary experiments indicated that these "feedback"
stimuli acquired no discriminative properties even after
prolonged training. A modified procedure, in which t varied
cyclically throughout each experimental session, allowed the
stimuli to acquire such properties: stimulus control was
demonstrated under the training conditions, for two of the
pigeons, and under transfer conditions for all three birds.
A series of probe conditions, followed by a replication of
the simple procedure using a multiple schedule, indicated
that the controlling property of the stimuli was not the
relation between stimuli, interresponse time, and value of
t, but a variable determined by the interaction between the
animals' responding and the cyclic procedure. This variable
was probably the relative frequency of the less-frequent
feedback stimulus.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1969.12-27},
Key = {fds288046}
}
@article{fds288047,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Multiple fixed-interval schedules: Transient contrast and
temporal inhibition},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {583-590},
Year = {1969},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1969.12-583},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to four cycles per session of a
multiple schedule in which each cycle involved twelve 60-sec
fixed intervals followed by four 180-sec intervals [(12 FI
60-sec)(4 FI 180-sec) schedule]. Post-reinforcement pauses
were shorter during the first few short intervals of each
cycle than during later short intervals, and increased over
the four long intervals of each cycle (positive and negative
transient contrast). A (12 FI 15-sec)(4 FI 45-sec) schedule
showed similar results. These two schedules differed in some
other respects indicating effects of absolute FI duration on
stimulus control. Differences in contrast properties between
both these procedures and multiple variable-interval
schedules were related to the pause-producing property of
reinforcement on FI (temporal inhibition). Behavior under
two other multiple fixed-interval schedules-(2 FI 360-sec)(1
FI 720-sec) and (3 FI 360-sec)(1 FI 720-sec)-differed in
certain respects from both the (12 FI x-sec)(4 FI 3x-sec)
schedules. These differences may be related to differences
in the number of successive fixed intervals within a
component (run length).},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1969.12-583},
Key = {fds288047}
}
@article{fds288048,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Innis, NK},
Title = {Reinforcement omission on fixed-interval
schedules},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {12},
Number = {5},
Pages = {689-700},
Year = {1969},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1969.12-689},
Abstract = {EXPERIMENTS WITH PIGEONS AND RATS SHOWED THAT: (1) When a
brief blackout was presented in lieu of reinforcement at the
end of 25% of intervals on a fixed-interval 2-min schedule,
response rate was reliably and persistently higher during
the following 2-min intervals (omission effect). This effect
was largely due to a decrease in time to first response
after reinforcement omission. (2) When blackout duration was
varied, within sessions, over the range 2 to 32 sec, time to
first response was inversely related to the duration of the
preceding blackout, for pigeons, and for rats during the
first few sessions after the transition from FI 2-min to FI
2-min with reinforcement omission. Post-blackout pause was
independent of blackout duration for rats at asymptote.
These results were interpreted in terms of differential
depressive effects of reinforcement and blackout on
subsequent responding.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1969.12-689},
Key = {fds288048}
}
@article{fds288044,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Spaced responding and choice: A preliminary
analysis},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {669-682},
Year = {1968},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5995 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to reinforcement both for short (2 <
IRT < 3 sec) and long (10 < IRT < 11 sec) interresponse
times. They developed bimodal interresponse-time
distributions, which were decomposable into two independent
component distributions under the control of the short and
long contingencies respectively. The birds' allocation of
responses between these two distributions was determined by
a simple power-law relationship between reinforcement
ratios, and response ratios derived from the component
distributions. Comparison between this situation and
concurrent choice situations raises the possibility that the
power-law relation between ratios may be a more general law
of choice than the matching of relative frequencies
(probabilities).},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1968.11-669},
Key = {fds288044}
}
@article{fds288042,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Attention and temporal discrimination: Factors controlling
responding under a cyclic-interval schedule},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {349-359},
Year = {1967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1967.10-349},
Abstract = {Pigeons were exposed to a cyclic schedule in which each
cycle was composed of twelve 1-min fixed intervals followed
by four 3-min fixed intervals; four such cycles comprised an
experimental session. The pigeons responded at a much higher
average rate during the 3-min intervals than during the
1-min intervals. Other effects were a depression of
responding during the first short interval of each cycle and
a shortening of postreinforcement pause during the second
short interval. The main effect is attributable to a
relatively fixed pattern of responding after reinforcement;
this pattern consisted in a pause of approximately constant
duration followed by responding at an approximately constant
rate until the next reinforcement, resulting in much higher
average response rates during the longer interreinforcement
intervals. The other effects seem attributable to relatively
slight differences between the pattern of responding
characteristic of later long intervals and the pattern
during later short intervals of each cycle. A major
implication is that the pigeon is largely insensitive to the
sequential properties of many interval-reinforcement
schedules. A description of interval-schedule "frustration"
phenomena in terms of the inhibitory effects of
reinforcement is discussed in relation to these
results.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1967.10-349},
Key = {fds288042}
}
@article{fds288043,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Asymptotic behavior: The concept of the operant},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {74},
Number = {5},
Pages = {377-391},
Year = {1967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0024877},
Doi = {10.1037/h0024877},
Key = {fds288043}
}
@article{fds288040,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Innis, NK},
Title = {An effect analogous to “frustration” on interval
reinforcement schedules},
Journal = {Psychonomic Science,},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {287-288},
Year = {1966},
Key = {fds288040}
}
@article{fds288041,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Innis, NK},
Title = {Preference for fixed vs. variable amounts of
reward},
Journal = {Psychonomic Science},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {193-194},
Year = {1966},
Key = {fds288041}
}
@article{fds288039,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Some properties of spaced responding in pigeons},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {19-27},
Year = {1965},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1965.8-19},
Abstract = {Pigeons exposed to a schedule which reinforces interresponse
times (IRTs) longer than a given value (DRL schedule)
eventually reach a stable pattern of responding which is
shown to be a function both of the DRL value and of previous
experience with other DRL values. On any given DRL schedule,
the stable performance of most pigeons which have been
previously exposed to a variety of such schedules, shows an
IRT distribution with median equal to the DRL value. For DRL
values longer than about 30 sec, however, the median IRT
falls short of the DRL value; this failure of adjustment to
longer values appears to be a species characteristic of
pigeons. The function relating reinforcement rate to 1/DRL
value is also shown to be approximately linear over the same
range, with variable slope (less than 45 degrees ) and a
downturn in the vicinity of DRL 30.},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1965.8-19},
Key = {fds288039}
}
@article{fds288033,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Reinforcement as input: Cyclic variable-interval
schedule},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {145},
Number = {3630},
Pages = {410-412},
Year = {1964},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3630.410},
Abstract = {Daily exposure of pigeons to four cycles of a reinforcement
schedule in which the density of reinforcements varied
cyclically as a function of time induced a periodicity in
their responding matching that of the schedule, but out of
phase with it. The technique used of presenting the same
sequence of interreinforcement intervals in every session
may have useful application in determining animals'
adjustment to more complex temporal patterns of
reinforcement. Investigation of animals' response to cyclic
schedules of different frequencies suggests links with
engineering methods of frequency analysis.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.145.3630.410},
Key = {fds288033}
}
%% Book Chapters
@misc{fds376836,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Summing Up},
Pages = {189-197},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-16},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-16},
Key = {fds376836}
}
@misc{fds376843,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Science and Diversity},
Pages = {96-102},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-8},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-8},
Key = {fds376843}
}
@misc{fds376844,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {The Object of Inquiry Problem},
Pages = {159-165},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-13},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-13},
Key = {fds376844}
}
@misc{fds376845,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Science and AI},
Pages = {89-95},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-7},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-7},
Key = {fds376845}
}
@misc{fds376846,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing},
Pages = {44-53},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-4},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-4},
Key = {fds376846}
}
@misc{fds376847,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Efficient Markets, I},
Pages = {166-175},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-14},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-14},
Key = {fds376847}
}
@misc{fds376848,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {What Is Science?},
Pages = {1-10},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-1},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-1},
Key = {fds376848}
}
@misc{fds376849,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Behavioral Economics},
Pages = {135-147},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-11},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-11},
Key = {fds376849}
}
@misc{fds376850,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Models and Incentives},
Pages = {54-68},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-5},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-5},
Key = {fds376850}
}
@misc{fds376851,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Economics and Equilibria},
Pages = {111-134},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-10},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-10},
Key = {fds376851}
}
@misc{fds376837,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Social Science},
Pages = {69-88},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-6},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-6},
Key = {fds376837}
}
@misc{fds376838,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Some Science History},
Pages = {11-30},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-2},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-2},
Key = {fds376838}
}
@misc{fds376839,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Social Science},
Pages = {103-110},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-9},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-9},
Key = {fds376839}
}
@misc{fds376840,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Animal Economics},
Pages = {148-158},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-12},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-12},
Key = {fds376840}
}
@misc{fds376841,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Experiment},
Pages = {31-43},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-3},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-3},
Key = {fds376841}
}
@misc{fds376842,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Efficient Markets, II Event Studies and the
CAPM},
Pages = {176-188},
Booktitle = {Scientific Method},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683874-15},
Doi = {10.4324/9781032683874-15},
Key = {fds376842}
}
@misc{fds372779,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Ideological Corruption of Science: Is the Right Always
Wrong?},
Pages = {327-341},
Booktitle = {The Palgrave Handbook of Left-Wing Extremism, Volume
2},
Publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
Year = {2023},
ISBN = {9783031362675},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36268-2_18},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36268-2_18},
Key = {fds372779}
}
@misc{fds367261,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The comparative psychology of operant behaviour},
Pages = {83-94},
Booktitle = {Behaviour Analysis and Contemporary Psychology},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9781032327853},
Key = {fds367261}
}
@misc{fds365867,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Schedule-induced behavior},
Pages = {125-152},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Operant Behavior},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9781032188645},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003256670-6},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003256670-6},
Key = {fds365867}
}
@misc{fds368527,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Learning as Adaptation},
Pages = {37-98},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848723474},
Key = {fds368527}
}
@misc{fds370042,
Author = {Machado, A and Staddon, J},
Title = {Learning from a behaviorist perspective},
Pages = {12-21},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Education: Fourth
Edition},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780128186299},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.14002-3},
Abstract = {Behaviorism began with a persuasive 1913 polemic by John B.
Watson which identified scientific psychology as part of
biology. Watson was succeeded by neo-behaviorists Clark
Hull, E. C. Tolman and, a little later, by radical
behaviorist B. F. Skinner, who became the most influential.
All behaviorists were strongly influenced by the work of the
Russian physiologist IP. Pavlov and the field soon split
between those who studied Pavlovian (classical) and operant
(instrumental, Skinnerian) conditioning, primarily with
animals as subjects. Skinner discovered new experimental
methods which led to the discovery of reinforcement
schedules. Behaviorism was over-shadowed in the 1960s by the
cognitive movement, whose proponents nevertheless strove to
stick with third-party-accessible data although they largely
abandoned work with animals and were less finicky about
theory than the behaviorists. Cognitive psychology rarely
aspired to practical application where radical behaviorism,
particularly, scored some successes. If psychology is ever
to be a science of practical use, it will be
behavioristic.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.14002-3},
Key = {fds370042}
}
@misc{fds371646,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Theoretical behaviorism},
Pages = {79-95},
Booktitle = {Contemporary Behaviorisms in Debate},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9783030773946},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77395-3_7},
Abstract = {Theoretical behaviorism has evolved from radical
behaviorism. To stimulus and response it adds the idea of
state: the state (conceptual, not physiological) of the
organism defines the repertoire of responses available in a
given stimulus context. Classical and operant conditioning
are just different faces of the same coin. Classical
conditioning is a process that detects correlations between
environmental features and something of value, positive or
negative, to the organism. This correlation induces a
repertoire from which operant reinforcement can select. If
the correlation is very strong and the unconditioned
stimulus is imminent, then the induced repertoire may be
limited-to pecking (in a hungry pigeon) or to salivation (in
a restrained dog). Selection, in the sense of a response
contingency, may be unnecessary. The result may look like a
reflex, but isn't, although restricted behavioral options
and extreme motivation may make it appear
so.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-77395-3_7},
Key = {fds371646}
}
@misc{fds371647,
Author = {Staddon, J},
Title = {Theory: A response to lopes},
Pages = {107-110},
Booktitle = {Contemporary Behaviorisms in Debate},
Year = {2021},
Month = {August},
ISBN = {9783030773946},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77395-3_9},
Abstract = {Response to Carlos Eduardo Lopes' comments: "What Is the
Theory of Theoretical Behaviorism?"},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-77395-3_9},
Key = {fds371647}
}
@misc{fds373022,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Learning, III: procedures},
Pages = {532-562},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373022}
}
@misc{fds373031,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Template learning},
Pages = {445-456},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373031}
}
@misc{fds373035,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Variation and selection: kineses},
Pages = {24-37},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373035}
}
@misc{fds373026,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Reward and punishment},
Pages = {135-174},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373026}
}
@misc{fds373033,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Stimulus control and performance},
Pages = {345-376},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373033}
}
@misc{fds373034,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The optimal allocation of behavior},
Pages = {205-241},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373034}
}
@misc{fds373032,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Time and memory, II},
Pages = {421-444},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373032}
}
@misc{fds373023,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Operant behavior},
Pages = {102-134},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373023}
}
@misc{fds373024,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Molar laws},
Pages = {377-397},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373024}
}
@misc{fds373029,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Learning, II},
Pages = {501-531},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373029}
}
@misc{fds373030,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING SECOND EDITION
Preface},
Pages = {XIII-XV},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373030}
}
@misc{fds373027,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Foraging and behavioral ecology},
Pages = {287-312},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373027}
}
@misc{fds373028,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Choice: dynamics and decision rules},
Pages = {242-286},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373028}
}
@misc{fds373025,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Time and memory, I},
Pages = {398-420},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373025}
}
@misc{fds373021,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Models of classical conditioning},
Pages = {486-500},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373021}
}
@misc{fds373018,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The evolution, development, and modification of
behavior},
Pages = {1-23},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373018}
}
@misc{fds373019,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Reflexes},
Pages = {38-66},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373019}
}
@misc{fds373020,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Learning, I},
Pages = {457-485},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373020}
}
@misc{fds373036,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Stimulus control and cognition},
Pages = {313-344},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds373036}
}
@misc{fds374167,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Direct orientation and feedback},
Pages = {67-101},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds374167}
}
@misc{fds374168,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Feeding regulation: a model motivational
system},
Pages = {175-204},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds374168}
}
@misc{fds374169,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Comparative cognition},
Pages = {563-578},
Booktitle = {ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING, 2ND EDITION},
Year = {2016},
ISBN = {978-1-107-44290-0},
Key = {fds374169}
}
@misc{fds325716,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Learning as adaptation},
Pages = {37-98},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes: Volume 2:
Conditioning and Behavior Theory},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848723900},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315770437},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315770437},
Key = {fds325716}
}
@misc{fds325717,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and Machado, A and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Cognitive versus associative decision rules in
timing},
Pages = {355-377},
Booktitle = {Subjective Time: The Philosophy, Psychology, and
Neuroscience of Temporality},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780262019941},
Key = {fds325717}
}
@misc{fds373037,
Author = {Zanutto, BS and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Dynamics of Feeding Behavior: Role of Hypothalamic and
Satiety Signals},
Pages = {929-939},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition},
Publisher = {Springer New York},
Editor = {V.R. Preedy and Watson, R.R and Martin, C.R. et
al.},
Year = {2011},
ISBN = {9780387922706},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_61},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_61},
Key = {fds373037}
}
@misc{fds157140,
Author = {John Staddon},
Title = {Epilogue},
Pages = {389-390},
Booktitle = {Reflections on Adaptive Behavior: Essays in Honor of J. E.
R. Staddon},
Editor = {N. K. Innis},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {978-0-262-09044-5},
Key = {fds157140}
}
@misc{fds287988,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Is animal learning optimal?},
Journal = {Constructal Theory of Social Dynamics},
Pages = {161-167},
Publisher = {Springer US},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780387476803},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000250287000008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-47681-0_8},
Key = {fds287988}
}
@misc{fds349307,
Author = {Jozefowiez, J and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Operant behavior},
Pages = {75-101},
Booktitle = {Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780123705099},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00087-5},
Abstract = {Operant behavior is behavior guided by its consequences.
Conditioning operant behavior requires making a biologically
important event, or a stimulus signaling such an event,
depend on the occurrence of a target operant response. If
this arrangement leads to an increase in the probability of
the target response, the contingent event is termed a
reinforcer and the associated process reinforcement. In this
chapter, we review the conditions under which reinforcement
takes place, that is, how an animal is able to detect that a
reinforcer is delivered as the consequence of the emission
of a behavior (operant learning). We look at how behavior is
modulated by its consequences in situations in which
reinforcement occurs at a fixed time after a specific event
(interval timing) and situations in which the animal has the
choice between several response alternatives, each
reinforced according to a different rule (operant choice).
Finally, we review theories that explain why some events
have reinforcing properties (reinforcement
theory).},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00087-5},
Key = {fds349307}
}
@misc{fds287981,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Humanism and Skinner's radical behaviorism},
Journal = {BEHAVIOR THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY},
Pages = {129-146},
Booktitle = {Behavior theory and philosophy},
Publisher = {KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL},
Editor = {Lattal, KA and Chase, PN},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-306-47780-7},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000189346100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287981}
}
@misc{fds287989,
Author = {Cerutti, DL and Chelaru, IM and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Detecting mine-like targets: Synergistic effects of
correlated and uncorrelated sensor channels},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {4394},
Number = {2},
Pages = {859-867},
Publisher = {SPIE},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {0-8194-4089-2},
ISSN = {0277-786X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000175016500084&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We report results from an experiment designed to study the
perceptual and learning processes involved in the detection
of land mines. Subjects attempted to identify the location
of spatially distributed targets identified by a sweeping a
cursor across a computer screen. Invisible screen "objects"
were identified by either tones (A) or clicks (B) or both.
Objects defined by a tone or a click only are distracters;
the single object defined by both is the target (mine). We
looked at the effect on target detectability of the number
and spatial distribution of distracters. As expected from
theoretical analysis, target detectability was highest when
A and B distracters were negatively correlated; lowest when
they were positively correlated. Under these conditions,
detectability is was also inversely related to the number of
A distracters (which were spatially diffuse) but was largely
unaffected by the number of B distracters (which were
punctate). Adding a second sensor channel greatly enhanced
target detectability, especially if A and B distracters were
spatially uncorrelated or negatively correlated.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.445414},
Key = {fds287989}
}
@misc{fds288023,
Author = {Cerutti, DT and Chelaru, IM and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Detecting hidden targets: a procedure for studying
performance in a mine-detection-like task},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {4038},
Pages = {102-109},
Booktitle = {Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and
Minelike Targets},
Publisher = {Washington, D.C.: SPIE},
Editor = {Abinash, C. Dubey and James F. Harvey and J. Thomas Broach and Regina E. Dugan},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-8194-3664-X},
ISSN = {0277-786X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000166957700010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We report preliminary results from an experiment designed to
study the perceptual and learning processes involved in the
detection of land mines. Subjects attempted to identify the
location of spatially distributed targets identified by a
sweeping a cursor across a computer screen. Each point on
the screen was associated with a certain tone intensity;
targets were louder than 'distractor' objects. We looked at
the effects on target detection and false-alarm rates of the
intensity difference between target and distractor signals,
the number of distractors and training order. The time to
detect 50% of targets (threshold detection time) was
measured by a rapid adaptive technique (PEST) which
generated reliable thresholds within few trials. The results
are consistent with a simple model for the detection of
cryptic prey by foraging predators: search was slower with
more distractors, and the effect of distractors was greater
when S/N ratio was lower. Although subjects got no accuracy
feedback, performance improved somewhat with experience and
was slightly better in the low S/N condition when it
followed the high S/N condition. The procedure seems to be a
useful one for studying more complex mine-related detection
tasks with a range of signal types and numbers of concurrent
detection signals.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.396222},
Key = {fds288023}
}
@misc{fds25809,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Theoretical Behaviorism},
Pages = {217-241},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Behaviorism},
Publisher = {New York: Academic Press},
Editor = {W. O'Donohus and R. Kitchener},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds25809}
}
@misc{fds287970,
Author = {Staddon, JER and Chelaru, IM},
Title = {A diffusion-based guidance system for autonomous
agents},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {3390},
Pages = {404-411},
Publisher = {SPIE},
Year = {1998},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {0-8194-2839-6},
ISSN = {0277-786X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000073452600042&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Search strategy is an important component of any system that
uses autonomous agents to detect and neutralize mines. We
describe a simple and efficient search strategy derived from
research on the adaptive spatial behavior of animals.
Electromagnetic sensor data are processed to obtain a
discrete spatial target distribution. The target
distribution is used as input for a dynamic diffusion
process. The diffusion surface is used by the demining agent
to optimize its spatial moves through a hill climbing
technique. The agent chooses to move to the position with
the highest diffusion surface value. If the same diffusion
surface is available to all agents, the system can be scaled
to guide an indefinite number of independent,
non-interfering agents.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.304848},
Key = {fds287970}
}
@misc{fds287987,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {The dynamics of memory in animal learning},
Journal = {ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, VOL 2},
Series = {Vol. 2. Proceedings of the XXVI International Congress of
Psychology},
Pages = {259-274},
Booktitle = {Advances in Psychological Science},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Editor = {Sabourin, M and Craik, F and Robert, M},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-86377-471-7},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000084945800011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287987}
}
@misc{fds25811,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R. and I.M. Chelaru},
Title = {Diffusion-based guidance systems for autonomous
agents},
Series = {SPIE Proceedings},
Booktitle = {Applications and Science of Computational
Intelligence},
Editor = {S.K. Rogers and D.B. Fogel and J.C. Bezdek and B.
Bosacchi},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds25811}
}
@misc{fds25813,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R. and Zanutto, B.S.},
Title = {In praise of parsimony},
Booktitle = {Models for Action: Mechanisms for Adaptive
Behavior},
Publisher = {New York: Erlbaum},
Editor = {C.D.L. Wynne and J.E.R. Staddon},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds25813}
}
@misc{fds287976,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Why behaviorism needs internal states},
Journal = {INVESTIGATIONS IN BEHAVIORAL EPISTEMOLOGY},
Pages = {107-119},
Booktitle = {Investigations in behavioral epistemology},
Publisher = {CONTEXT PRESS},
Editor = {Hayes, LJ and Ghezzi, PM},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {1-878978-29-2},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000088060500011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287976}
}
@misc{fds25817,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R. and Zanutto, B.S},
Title = {Feeding dynamics: why rats eat in meals and what this means
for foraging and feeding regulation},
Booktitle = {Learning, motivation and cognition: the functional
behaviorism of Robert C. Bolles},
Publisher = {Washington: American Psychological Association},
Editor = {M.E. Bouton and M.S. Fanselow},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds25817}
}
@misc{fds25818,
Author = {Higa, J.J. and Staddon, J.E.R.},
Title = {Dynamic models of rapid temporal control in
animals},
Booktitle = {Time and behavior: psychological and neurobehavioral
analysis},
Publisher = {Elsevier Science},
Editor = {C.M. Bradshaw and E. Szabadi},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds25818}
}
@misc{fds288011,
Author = {DRAGOI, V and STADDON, JER},
Title = {A COMPETITIVE NEURAL-NETWORK MODEL FOR THE PROCESS OF
RECURRENT CHOICE},
Journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1993 CONNECTIONIST MODELS SUMMER
SCHOOL},
Pages = {65-72},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1993 Connectionist Models Summer
School},
Publisher = {LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL},
Editor = {Mozer, MC and Smolensky, P and Touretzky, DS and Elman, JL and Weigend,
AS},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-8058-1590-2},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994BA72D00008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288011}
}
@misc{fds41337,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Verstärkungsverzögerung und Wahl},
Pages = {208-233},
Booktitle = {Operantes lernen},
Publisher = {München: Ernst Reinhardt Verlag},
Editor = {W. F. Angermeier and P. Bednorz and S. R. Hursh},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds41337}
}
@misc{fds41338,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Optimierungs-Analysen des operanten Verhaltens},
Pages = {179-207},
Booktitle = {Operantes lernen},
Publisher = {München: Ernst Reinhardt Verlag},
Editor = {W. F. Angermeier and P. Bednorz and S. R. Hursh},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds41338}
}
@misc{fds41339,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Ketten-programme und konditionierte Verstärkung},
Pages = {167-178},
Booktitle = {Operantes lernen},
Publisher = {München: Ernst Reinhardt Verlag},
Editor = {W. F. Angermeier and P. Bednorz and S. R. Hursh},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds41339}
}
@misc{fds287984,
Author = {STADDON, JER},
Title = {A NOTE ON RATE-SENSITIVE HABITUATION},
Journal = {FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS 2},
Pages = {203-207},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the
Simulation of Adaptive Behavior},
Publisher = {M I T PRESS},
Editor = {Meyer, JA and Roitblat, HL and Wilson, SW},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-262-63149-0},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993BA26G00024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds287984}
}
@misc{fds325720,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Reinforcement learning: Reverse-engineering the behavior of
pigeons},
Journal = {International Conference on Fuzzy Theory and Technology
Proceedings, Abstracts and Summaries},
Pages = {8},
Year = {1992},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {Understanding how the brain works is in principles just like
understanding any other complex mechanism. Human brains and
human beings are hard to work with, so the lower animals
provide a better starting place. There are two parts to the
problem: How do the pieces function individually
(neuroscience)? And, How does the system work as a whole
(experimental psychology)? We work on the second problem by
devising, and testing experimentally, simple dynamic models
for the behavior of pigeons in learning tasks. I will give
examples from recent work on reinforcement
learning.},
Key = {fds325720}
}
@misc{fds287966,
Author = {Davis, DGS and Staddon, JER},
Title = {Memory for Reward in Probabilistic Choice: Markovian and
Non-Markovian Properties},
Journal = {Behaviour},
Volume = {114},
Number = {1-4},
Pages = {37-64},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7959},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990EA06900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Pigeons
were rewarded with food for pecking keys in various forms of
two-armed bandit situation for an extended series of daily
sessions in two experiments. The average daily preference
(S=R/[R+L]) is very well fit by a markovian linear model in
which predicted preference today is an average of predicted
preference yesterday and reinforcement conditions today:
s(N+1) = as(N) + (1-a)A(N+1), where A(N+1) is set equal to 1
when all rewards are for the Right response, and 0 when all
are for the Left, and a is a longterm memory parameter. This
linear model explains some apparent paradoxes in earlier
reports of memory effects in two-armed bandit experiments.
Nevertheless, closer examination of the details of
preference changes within each experimental session showed
several kinds of non-markovian effects. The most important
was a regression at the beginning of each experimental
session towards a preference characteristic of earlier
sessions (spontaneous recovery). This effect, but not a
smaller, less reliable non-markovian reminiscence effect, is
consistent with a very simple rule, namely that the effect
on preference of each individual reward for a Right or Left
response is inversely related to how long ago the reward
occurred. Thus, animals learn to prefer the rewarded side
each day because these rewards are recent; but they regress
to earlier preferences overnight because the most recent
rewards become relatively less recent with lapse of
time.</jats:p> </jats:sec>},
Doi = {10.1163/156853990X00040},
Key = {fds287966}
}
@misc{fds288017,
Author = {STADDON, JER and ZHANG, Y},
Title = {ON THE ASSIGNMENT-OF-CREDIT PROBLEM IN OPERANT
LEARNING},
Journal = {IJCNN-90-WASH DC : INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL
NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2},
Pages = {A122-A125},
Booktitle = {Neural networks of conditioning and action, the XIIth
Harvard Symposium},
Publisher = {LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL},
Editor = {CAUDILL, M},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-8058-0754-3},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990BS92H00031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds288017}
}
@misc{fds41371,
Author = {Reid, A. K. and Staddon, J. E. R},
Title = {Mechanisms of schedule entrainment},
Booktitle = {Neurobiology of behavioural stereotypy},
Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
Editor = {S. J. Cooper and C. T. Dourish},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds41371}
}
@misc{fds41380,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Animal psychology: The tyranny of anthropocentrism},
Series = {Perspectives in ethology, Vol. 8},
Pages = {123-135},
Booktitle = {Whither ethology?},
Publisher = {London: Plenum},
Editor = {P. Klopfer and P. P. G. Bateson},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds41380}
}
@misc{fds41384,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Learning as inference},
Pages = {59-77},
Booktitle = {Evolution and learning},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {R. C. Bolles, and M.D. Beecher},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds41384}
}
@misc{fds41396,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Optimality theory and behavior},
Pages = {179-198},
Booktitle = {The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and
optimality},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: Bradford/MIT Press},
Editor = {J. Dupré},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds41396}
}
@misc{fds41399,
Author = {Staddon, J. E. R. and Reid, A. K},
Title = {Adaptation to reward},
Pages = {497-523},
Booktitle = {Foraging behavior},
Publisher = {New York: Plenum},
Editor = {A. C. Kamil and J. R. Krebs and H. R. Pulliam},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds41399}
}
@misc{fds41400,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Principles of database management},
Pages = {55-81},
Booktitle = {Microcomputers in medicine},
Publisher = {Amsterdam: Elsevier},
Editor = {M.J. Geisow and A.N. Barrett},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds41400}
}
@misc{fds41405,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {The comparative psychology of operant behavior},
Pages = {83-94},
Booktitle = {Behavior analysis and contemporary psychology},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {C. F. Lowe and M. Richelle and D. E. Blackman and C. M.
Bradshaw},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds41405}
}
@misc{fds41406,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Inference, memory and representation},
Pages = {287-295},
Booktitle = {Memory systems of the brain: Animal and human cognitive
processes},
Publisher = {New York: Guilford Publications},
Editor = {N.M. Weinberger and J.L. McGaugh and G. Lynch},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds41406}
}
@misc{fds41414,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {On discrimination},
Booktitle = {How to think straight},
Publisher = {Durham, NC: Duke University Press},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds41414}
}
@misc{fds41419,
Author = {Staddon, J. E. R. and Gendron, R. P},
Title = {Search image and the optimal detection of cryptic
prey},
Pages = {269},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Ethological
Conference},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds41419}
}
@misc{fds41487,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Behavioral competition, contrast, and matching},
Series = {Vol. 2 of Quantitative analyses of behavior, a five-volume
series},
Pages = {243- 261},
Booktitle = {Quantitative analyses of operant behavior: Matching and
maximizing accounts},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: Ballinger},
Editor = {M. L. Commons and R. J. Herrnstein and H. Rachlin},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds41487}
}
@misc{fds41492,
Author = {Hinson, J. M. and Staddon, J. E. R},
Title = {Maximizing on interval schedules},
Booktitle = {Recent developments in the quantification of steady-state
operant behavior},
Publisher = {Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland},
Editor = {C. M. Bradshaw and C. F. Lowe and E. Szabadi},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds41492}
}
@misc{fds41494,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Reinforcement schedules},
Booktitle = {The Oxford companion to animal behaviour},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {D. J. McFarland},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds41494}
}
@misc{fds41495,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Operant behavior},
Booktitle = {The Oxford companion to animal behaviour},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {D. J. McFarland},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds41495}
}
@misc{fds41496,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {On a possible relation between cultural transmission and
genetical evolution},
Series = {Perspectives in ethology: Vol. 4},
Booktitle = {Advantages of diversity},
Publisher = {London: Plenum},
Editor = {P. Klopfer and P. P. G. Bateson},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds41496}
}
@misc{fds41502,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Obesity and the operant regulation of feeding},
Booktitle = {The analysis of motivational processes},
Publisher = {London: Academic Press},
Editor = {F. M. Toates and T. R. Halliday},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds41502}
}
@misc{fds287961,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {Optimality Analyses of Operant Behavior and their Relation
to Optimal Foraging},
Pages = {101-141},
Booktitle = {Limits to Action: The Allocation of Individual
Behavior},
Publisher = {Academic Press},
Editor = {J. E. R. Staddon},
Year = {1980},
ISBN = {0-12-662650-2},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8397 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds287961}
}
@misc{fds41517,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Schedule-induced behavior},
Booktitle = {Handbook of operant behavior},
Publisher = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall},
Editor = {W. K. Honig and J. E. R. Staddon},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds41517}
}
@misc{fds41519,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Behavioral competition in conditioning situations: Notes
toward a theory of generalization and inhibition},
Booktitle = {Operant-Pavlovian interactions. Hillsdale},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {H. Davis and H. M. B. Hurwitz},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds41519}
}
@misc{fds41526,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Learning as adaptation},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {37-98},
Booktitle = {Handbook of learning and cognitive processes},
Publisher = {New York: Erlbaum},
Editor = {W. K. Estes},
Year = {1975},
Key = {fds41526}
}
@misc{fds41537,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Temporal control and the theory of reinforcement
schedules},
Pages = {209-262},
Booktitle = {Reinforcement: Behavioral analyses},
Publisher = {New York: Academic Press},
Editor = {R. M. Gilbert and J. R. Millenson},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds41537}
}
@misc{fds41551,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Reinforcement omission and contrast on fixed- interval
schedules},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the XIX International Congress of
Psychology},
Publisher = {London, England.},
Year = {1969},
Key = {fds41551}
}
%% Edited Volumes
@misc{fds25815,
Author = {Wynne, C.D.L. and Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Models for Action: Mechanisms for Adaptive
Behavior},
Publisher = {New York: Erlbaum},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds25815}
}
@misc{fds41367,
Author = {Commons, M. L. and Grossberg, S. and Staddon, J. E.
R},
Title = {Neural networks of conditioning and action, the XIIth
Harvard Symposium},
Pages = {xx, 359},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds41367}
}
@misc{fds41422,
Author = {Honig, W. K. and Staddon, J. E. R},
Title = {Manual de la conducta operante},
Publisher = {Mexico: Editorial Trillas},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds41422}
}
@misc{fds41503,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Limits to action: The allocation of individual
behavior},
Publisher = {New York: Academic Press},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds41503}
}
@misc{fds41515,
Author = {Honig, W. K. and Staddon, J. E. R},
Title = {Handbook of operant behavior},
Publisher = {Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds41515}
}
%% Book Reviews
@article{fds25806,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Review of The myth of ownership: taxes and
justice},
Journal = {Society},
Volume = {41},
Number = {4},
Pages = {90-92},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds25806}
}
@article{fds41282,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Scientific Imperialism and Behaviorist Epistemology},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {231-242},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds41282}
}
@article{fds42076,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {The future},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {243-245},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds42076}
}
@article{fds25822,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Memories of Memorial Hall},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {392},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds25822}
}
@article{fds25820,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {The Trouble with Stanley...A Review of The Trouble with
Principle by Stanley Fish},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {63-74},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds25820}
}
@article{fds25823,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Science as Politics by Other Means: Fact and Analysis in an
Ethical World},
Journal = {Behavior & Philosophy},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {i-iii},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds25823}
}
@article{fds340475,
Author = {Staddon, JER},
Title = {On Responsibility in Science and Law},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {146-174},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Year = {1999},
Abstract = {Respon’sible, liable to be called to account or render
satisfaction: answerable: capable of dis-charging duty: able
to pay.2 The old Chambers’s dictionary gives a
behavioristic view of re-sponsibility: in terms of action,
not thought or belief. “Lust in the heart” is not
equated to lust in flagrante. It is this view I shall
explore in this paper, rather than the more subjective
notion of moral responsibility, as in “I feel moral
responsibility (i.e., guilt) for not doing anything to save
the Tutsis [Hutus, ethnic Albanians, etc.].”...},
Key = {fds340475}
}
@article{fds25812,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Instinct and the operant (Editorial)},
Journal = {Behavior and Philosophy},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {1-2},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds25812}
}
@article{fds25824,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Creativity is first criterion},
Journal = {Journal of NIH Research (Advise and Dissent)},
Volume = {13},
Year = {1997},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds25824}
}
@article{fds25816,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Who should pay for science? Essay review of The Economic
Laws of Scientific Research by T. Kealey},
Journal = {Reason},
Pages = {64-65},
Year = {1997},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds25816}
}
@article{fds41284,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Theory and behavior analysis: comment on The S-R Issue: Its
status in behavior analysis and in Donahoe and Palmer's
Learning and Complex Behavior},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {67},
Pages = {245-246},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds41284}
}
@article{fds41287,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Freedom from fear?},
Journal = {The Oxford American},
Pages = {103-106},
Year = {1996},
Month = {Spring},
Key = {fds41287}
}
@article{fds41340,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Review of B. F. Skinner: A life by D. W. Bjork and B. F.
Skinner: A reappraisal, by M. N. Richelle},
Journal = {American Scientist},
Volume = {82},
Pages = {584-585},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds41340}
}
@article{fds41343,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Pepper with a pinch of psalt: A comment on Contextualistic
Mechanism or Mechanistic Contextualism},
Journal = {The Behavior Analyst},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {245-250},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds41343}
}
@article{fds41356,
Author = {'Group, L. A. B.'},
Title = {Omnium Skinnerium: everything you ever wanted to know about
the experimental analysis of behavior. Collective review of
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, (I. H. Iversen & K. A.
Lattal, Eds.)},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {xx},
Pages = {209-217},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds41356}
}
@article{fds41360,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Review of Bionomics: The inevitability of capitalism, by
Michael Rothschild (New York: Henry Holt,
1990)},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {67},
Pages = {95-96},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds41360}
}
@article{fds41364,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {“The distemper of learning...” A review of S. B. Klein
and R. R. Mowrer (Eds.) Contemporary Learning Theories:
Instrumental Conditioning Theory and the Impact of
Biological Constraints on Learning},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {506-507},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds41364}
}
@article{fds41401,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Review of Issues in the Ecological Study of Learning. Edited
by T. D. Johnston, & A. T. Pietrewicz. Hillsdale, New
Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. (1985)},
Journal = {Animal Behaviour},
Volume = {34},
Pages = {304},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds41401}
}
@article{fds41404,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Review of The Evolution of Operant Learning and Memory, by
W. F. Angermeier. Basel: S. Karger, 1984},
Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
Volume = {60},
Pages = {114-115},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds41404}
}
@article{fds41484,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {L'Animal-machine. Review of D. McFarland & A. Houston
(Eds.), Quantitative ethology: The state space approach.
London: Pitman Advanced Publishing, 1981},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {296},
Pages = {274-275},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds41484}
}
@article{fds41493,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {The science of the bottom line. Review of R. B. McKenzie &
G. Tullock (Eds.), The new world of economics},
Journal = {Behaviour Analysis Letters},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {62-64},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds41493}
}
@article{fds41504,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Action and reaction},
Journal = {Duke University Letters},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {1-3},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds41504}
}
@article{fds41508,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Regulation and time allocation: A commentary on
“conservation in behavior”},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
Volume = {108},
Pages = {35-40},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds41508}
}
@article{fds41518,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {On Herrnstein's equation and related forms},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {163-170},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds41518}
}
@article{fds41534,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {A note on behavioral contrast and frustration},
Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {285-292},
Year = {1974},
Key = {fds41534}
}
@article{fds41538,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Review of R. Borger & F. Cioffi (Eds.), Explanation in the
behavioural sciences. Cambridge University Press,
1970},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychology},
Volume = {85},
Pages = {605-611},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds41538}
}
@article{fds41545,
Author = {Staddon, J.E.R},
Title = {Darwin explained: An object-lesson in theory construction.
Review of M. T. Ghiselin (Ed.), The Triumph of the Darwinian
Method},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {689-691},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds41545}
}