Publications of Steven Vogel    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Books   
@book{fds209483,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {The Life of a Leaf. University of Chicago
             Press},
   Pages = {303},
   Year = {2012},
   ISBN = {978-0-226-85939-2},
   Key = {fds209483}
}

@book{fds177851,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Glimpses of Creatures in Their Mechanical Worlds. Princeton
             University Press},
   Pages = {302},
   Year = {2009},
   ISBN = {978-0-691-13807-7},
   Key = {fds177851}
}

@book{fds17248,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical
             World},
   Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds17248}
}

@book{fds17256,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Kissan Tassut Ja Katapultit},
   Publisher = {Terra Cognita Oy (Helsinki)},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds17256}
}

@book{fds231165,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Prime Mover A Natural History of Muscle},
   Publisher = {W. W. Norton & Co.},
   Year = {2003},
   ISBN = {039332463X},
   Abstract = {A fascinating introduction to the world of muscle explores
             the role this important tissue plays in a host of important
             tasks, from maintaining a heartbeat to hunting prey.
             Reprint.},
   Key = {fds231165}
}

@book{fds17254,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Prime Mover: A Natural History of Muscle},
   Publisher = {W. W. Norton and Co.},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds17254}
}

@book{fds17266,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Zampe di Gatto e Catapulte: Mondi Meccanici naturali e
             Artificiali},
   Publisher = {Giovanni Fioriti Editore (Rome, Italy)},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds17266}
}

@book{fds17255,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Life's Devices: The Physical World of Animals and
             Plants},
   Publisher = {University Press (Hyderabad, India) Limited},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds17255}
}

@book{fds17261,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Ancas y Palancas: Mecanica Natural y Mecanica
             Humana},
   Publisher = {Tusquets Editores, S. A. (Barcelona, Spain)},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds17261}
}

@book{fds17265,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Von Grasholmen und Hochhausern},
   Publisher = {Wiley-VCH Verlag (Weinheim, Germany)},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds17265}
}

@book{fds17258,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Cats' Paws and Catapults: Mechanical Worlds of Nature and
             People},
   Publisher = {Prophet Press (Taipei, Taiwan)},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds17258}
}

@book{fds17262,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Cats' Paws and Catapults: Mechanical Worlds of Nature and
             People},
   Publisher = {Penguin Books, UK},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds17262}
}


%% Papers Published   
@article{fds231163,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Physics for biologists: beyond biophysics},
   Journal = {Bulletin- American Physical Society},
   Number = {Fall Newsletter},
   Pages = {13-15},
   Year = {2014},
   ISSN = {0003-0503},
   Key = {fds231163}
}

@article{fds231164,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Comparative Biomechanics Life's Physical World (Second
             Edition)},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {May},
   ISBN = {1400847826},
   Abstract = {Comparative Biomechanics is the first and only textbook that
             takes a comprehensive look at the mechanical aspects of
             life--covering animals and plants, structure and movement,
             and solids and fluids.},
   Key = {fds231164}
}

@article{fds231173,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Comparative biomechanics: Life's physical
             world},
   Journal = {Comparative Biomechanics: Life's Physical
             World},
   Year = {2013},
   Abstract = {"Why do you shift from walking to running at a particular
             speed? How can we predict transition speeds for animals of
             different sizes? Why must the flexible elastic of arterial
             walls behave differently than a rubber tube or balloon? How
             do leaves manage to expose a broad expanse of surface while
             suffering only a small fraction of the drag of flags in high
             winds?. The field of biomechanics--how living things move
             and work--hasn't seen a new general textbook in more than
             two decades. Here a leading investigator and teacher lays
             out the key concepts of biomechanics using examples drawn
             from throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. Up-to-date
             and comprehensive, this is also the only book to give
             thorough coverage to both major subfields of biomechanics:
             fluid and solid mechanics. © 2013 by Princeton University
             Press. All Rights Reserved.},
   Key = {fds231173}
}

@article{fds231171,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {The Life of a Leaf},
   Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
   Year = {2012},
   Key = {fds231171}
}

@article{fds231245,
   Author = {A Leigh and S Sevanto and MC Ball and JD Close and DS Ellsworth and CA
             Knight, AB Nicotra and S Vogel},
   Title = {Do thick leaves avoid thermal damage in critically low wind
             speeds?},
   Journal = {New Phytologist},
   Volume = {194},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {477-487},
   Year = {2012},
   ISSN = {0028-646X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04058.x},
   Abstract = {• Transient lulls in air movement are rarely measured, but
             can cause leaf temperature to rise rapidly to critical
             levels. The high heat capacity of thick leaves can damp this
             rapid change in temperature. However, little is known about
             the extent to which increased leaf thickness can reduce
             thermal damage, or how thick leaves would need to be to have
             biological significance. We evaluated quantitatively the
             contribution of small increases in leaf thickness to the
             reduction in thermal damage during critically low wind
             speeds under desert conditions. • We employed a numerical
             model to investigate the effect of thickness relative to
             transpiration, absorptance and leaf size on damage
             avoidance. We used measured traits and thermotolerance
             thresholds of real leaves to calculate the leaf temperature
             response to naturally occurring variable low wind speed. •
             Our results demonstrated that an increase in thickness of
             only fractions of a millimetre can prevent excursions to
             damaging high temperatures. This damping effect of increased
             thickness was greatest when other means of reducing leaf
             temperature (transpiration, reflectance or reduced size)
             were lacking. • For perennial desert flora, we propose
             that increased leaf thickness is important in decreasing the
             incidence of extreme heat stress and, in some species, in
             enhancing long-term survival. © 2012 The Authors. New
             Phytologist © 2012 New Phytologist Trust.},
   Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04058.x},
   Key = {fds231245}
}

@article{fds231243,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Surface tension helps a tongue grab liquid.},
   Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
   Volume = {108},
   Number = {23},
   Pages = {9321-9322},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610163},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1107208108},
   Key = {fds231243}
}

@article{fds231242,
   Author = {K Min and J Lee and JC Kim and SG Kim and YH Kim and S Vogel and F Trail and YW Lee},
   Title = {A novel gene, ROA, is required for normal morphogenesis and
             discharge of ascospores in Gibberella zeae},
   Journal = {Eukaryotic Cell},
   Volume = {9},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1495-1503},
   Year = {2010},
   ISSN = {1535-9778},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/EC.00083-10},
   Abstract = {Head blight, caused by Gibberella zeae, is a significant
             disease among cereal crops, including wheat, barley, and
             rice, due to contamination of grain with mycotoxins. G. zeae
             is spread by ascospores forcibly discharged from sexual
             fruiting bodies forming on crop residues. In this study, we
             characterized a novel gene, ROA, which is required for
             normal sexual development. Deletion of ROA (Δroa) resulted
             in an abnormal size and shape of asci and ascospores but did
             not affect vegetative growth. The Δroa mutation triggered
             round ascospores and insufficient cell division after spore
             delimitation. The asci of the Δroa strain discharged fewer
             ascospores from the perithecia but achieved a greater
             dispersal distance than those of the wild-type strain.
             Turgor pressure within the asci was calculated through the
             analysis of osmolytes in the epiplasmic fluid. Deletion of
             the ROA gene appeared to increase turgor pressure in the
             mutant asci. The higher turgor pressure of the Δroa mutant
             asci and the mutant spore shape contributed to the longer
             distance dispersal. When the Δroa mutant was outcrossed
             with a Δmat1-2 mutant, a strain that contains a green
             fluorescence protein (GFP) marker in place of the MAT1-2
             gene, unusual phenotypic segregation occurred. The ratio of
             GFP to non-GFP segregation was 1:1; however, all eight
             spores had the same shape. Taken together, the results of
             this study suggest that ROA plays multiple roles in
             maintaining the proper morphology and discharge of
             ascospores in G. zeae. © 2010, American Society for
             Microbiology.},
   Doi = {10.1128/EC.00083-10},
   Key = {fds231242}
}

@article{fds231246,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, 1915-2007},
   Journal = {Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal
             Society},
   Volume = {52},
   Pages = {1-23},
   Year = {2010},
   Key = {fds231246}
}

@article{fds231241,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Nosehouse: heat-conserving ventilators based on nasal
             counterflow exchangers.},
   Journal = {Bioinspir Biomim},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {046004},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19920310},
   Abstract = {Small birds and mammals commonly minimize respiratory heat
             loss with reciprocating counterflow exchangers in their
             nasal passageways. These animals extract heat from the air
             in an exhalation to warm those passageways and then use that
             heat to warm the subsequent inhalation. Although the
             near-constant volume of buildings precludes direct
             application of the device, a pair of such exchangers located
             remotely from each other circumvents that problem. A very
             simple and crudely constructed small-scale physical model of
             the device worked well enough as a heat conserver to suggest
             utility as a ventilator for buildings.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1748-3182/4/4/046004},
   Key = {fds231241}
}

@article{fds231183,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {A heat-conserving ventilator for buildings based on nasal
             countercurrent exchangers},
   Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
   Volume = {49},
   Pages = {E177-E177},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000268808800704&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231183}
}

@article{fds231129,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Glimpses of creatures in their physical worlds},
   Journal = {Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds},
   Pages = {1-302},
   Year = {2009},
   Abstract = {© 2009 by Princeton University Press. All Rights
             Reserved.Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds
             offers an eye-opening look into how the characteristics of
             the physical world drive the designs of animals and plants.
             These characteristics impose limits but also create
             remarkable and subtle opportunities for the functional
             biology of organisms. In particular, Steven Vogel examines
             the size and scale, and trade-offs among different physical
             processes. He pays attention to how the forms and activities
             of animals and plants reflect the materials available to
             nature, and he explores the unique constraints and
             possibilities provided by fluid flow, structural design, and
             environmental forces. Each chapter of the book investigates
             a facet of the physical world, including the drag on small
             projectiles; the importance of diffusion and convection; the
             size-dependence of acceleration; the storage, conduction,
             and dissipation of heat; the relationship among pressure,
             flow, and choice in biological pumps; and how elongate
             structures tune their relative twistiness and bendiness.
             Vogel considers design-determining factors all too commonly
             ignored, and builds a bridge between the world described by
             physics books and the reality experienced by all creatures.
             Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds contains a
             wealth of accessible information related to functional
             biology, and requires little more than a basic background in
             secondary-school science and mathematics. Drawing examples
             from creatures of land, air, and water, the book
             demonstrates the many uses of biological diversity and how
             physical forces impact biological organisms.},
   Key = {fds231129}
}

@article{fds231172,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Glimpses of creatures in their physical worlds},
   Year = {2009},
   Abstract = {Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds offers an
             eye-opening look into how the characteristics of the
             physical world drive the designs of animals and plants.
             These characteristics impose limits but also create
             remarkable and subtle opportunities for the functional
             biology of organisms. In particular, Steven Vogel examines
             the size and scale, and trade-offs among different physical
             processes. He pays attention to how the forms and activities
             of animals and plants reflect the materials available to
             nature, and he explores the unique constraints and
             possibilities provided by fluid flow, structural design, and
             environmental forces. Each chapter of the book investigates
             a facet of the physical world, including the drag on small
             projectiles; the importance of diffusion and convection; the
             size-dependence of acceleration; the storage, conduction,
             and dissipation of heat; the relationship among pressure,
             flow, and choice in biological pumps; and how elongate
             structures tune their relative twistiness and bendiness.
             Vogel considers design-determining factors all too commonly
             ignored, and builds a bridge between the world described by
             physics books and the reality experienced by all creatures.
             Glimpses of Creatures in Their Physical Worlds contains a
             wealth of accessible information related to functional
             biology, and requires little more than a basic background in
             secondary-school science and mathematics. © 2009 by
             Princeton University Press. All Rights Reserved.},
   Key = {fds231172}
}

@article{fds231247,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Leaves in the lowest and highest winds: temperature, force
             and shape.},
   Journal = {New Phytol},
   Volume = {183},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {13-26},
   Year = {2009},
   ISSN = {0028-646X},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19413689},
   Abstract = {Climatic extremes can be as significant as averages in
             setting the conditions for successful organismal function
             and in determining the distribution of different forms. For
             lightweight, flexible structures such as leaves, even
             extremes lasting a few seconds can matter. The present
             review considers two extreme situations that may pose
             existential risks. Broad leaves heat rapidly when ambient
             air flows drop below c. 0.5 m s(-1). Devices implicated in
             minimizing heating include: reduction in size, lobing, and
             adjustments of orientation to improve convective cooling;
             low near-infrared absorptivity; and thickening for
             short-term heat storage. Different features become relevant
             when storm gusts threaten to tear leaves and uproot trees
             with leaf-level winds of 20 m s(-1) or more. Both individual
             leaves and clusters may curl into low-drag, stable cones and
             cylinders, facilitated by particular blade shapes, petioles
             that twist readily, and sufficient low-speed instability to
             initiate reconfiguration. While such factors may have
             implications in many areas, remarkably little relevant
             experimental work has addressed them.},
   Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02854.x},
   Key = {fds231247}
}

@article{fds231240,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Modes and scaling in aquatic locomotion.},
   Journal = {Integr Comp Biol},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {702-712},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669826},
   Abstract = {Organisms spanning a 10(7)-fold range in length of the body
             engage in aquatic propulsion-swimming; they do so with
             several kinds of propulsors and take advantage of several
             different fluid mechanical mechanisms. A hierarchical
             classification of swimming modes can impose some order on
             this complexity. More difficult are the issues surrounding
             the different kinds of propulsive devices used by different
             organisms. These issues can be in part exposed by an
             examination of how speeds and accelerations scale with
             changes in body length, both for different lineages of
             swimmers and for all swimmers collectively. Clearly, fluid
             mechanical factors impose general rules and constraints;
             just as clearly, these only roughly anticipate actual
             scaling. Indeed, collections of data on scaling can serve as
             useful correctives for assumptions about functional
             mechanisms. They can also reveal size-dependent constraints
             on biological designs.},
   Doi = {10.1093/icb/icn014},
   Key = {fds231240}
}

@article{fds231239,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world XII. Keeping up upward and down
             downward.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1067-1081},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17954969},
   Key = {fds231239}
}

@article{fds231238,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {The emergence of comparative biomechanics.},
   Journal = {Integr Comp Biol},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {13-15},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672818},
   Abstract = {In recent years, comparative biomechanics, while anything
             but a new subject, has by an odd concatenation of
             circumstances emerged from obscurity to become a widely
             recognized and active area of biology-remarkably diverse in
             questions asked and techniques employed but with clear
             intellectual coherence. In North America the Society for
             Integrative and Comparative Biology currently represents the
             center of gravity in this field.},
   Doi = {10.1093/icb/icm004},
   Key = {fds231238}
}

@article{fds231237,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world XI. To twist or bend when
             stressed.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {643-655},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762137},
   Key = {fds231237}
}

@article{fds231235,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world X. Pumping fluids through
             conduits.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {207-222},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17435313},
   Key = {fds231235}
}

@article{fds231159,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Rescuing respirometry},
   Journal = {Kansas Biology Teacher},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {22-23},
   Year = {2007},
   Key = {fds231159}
}

@article{fds231161,
   Author = {J Reynolds and S Vogel},
   Title = {Precisely! A writing exercise for science and engineering
             classes},
   Journal = {Journal of College Science Teaching},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {30-33},
   Year = {2007},
   url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1261402001&sid=1&Fmt=6&clientId=15020&RQT=309&VName=PQD},
   Abstract = {While the formats and conventions of scientific and
             technical writing vary from field to field, the transcendent
             requirement is precision, so that the work can be understood
             and, if necessary, reproduced. Science teachers undoubtedly
             tell students about the importance of precision in
             collecting data and analyzing results; what is less commonly
             emphasized is the need for precision in writing. This
             exercise, developed for science and engineering courses that
             have a significant writing component, teaches students the
             importance of linguistic precision.},
   Key = {fds231161}
}

@article{fds231201,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Academic scientists involved in education - A need for the
             SICB digital library},
   Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
   Volume = {46},
   Pages = {E149-E149},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000202970100594&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231201}
}

@article{fds231236,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world IX. Making and maintaining liquid
             water.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {525-536},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17301489},
   Key = {fds231236}
}

@article{fds231232,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world VIII. Gravity and life in
             water.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {309-322},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17006013},
   Key = {fds231232}
}

@article{fds231231,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world VII. Gravity and life on the
             ground.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {201-214},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809852},
   Key = {fds231231}
}

@article{fds231202,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Bioballistics: The scaling of acceleration and
             trajectories},
   Journal = {COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR &
             INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY},
   Volume = {143},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {S84-S84},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {1095-6433},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000202991700140&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231202}
}

@article{fds231234,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world VI. Gravity and life in the
             air.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {13-25},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16595871},
   Key = {fds231234}
}

@article{fds231233,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Drag reduction by leaf aquaplaning in Hexastylis
             (Aristolochiaceae) and other plant species in
             floods},
   Journal = {Journal of the North American Benthological
             Society},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {2-8},
   Year = {2006},
   ISSN = {0887-3593},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[2:DRBLAI]2.0.CO;2},
   Abstract = {Leaves of a forest-floor plant, Hexastylis arifolia, were
             subjected to rapid water movement at shallow depths to
             approximate sheet-flow conditions during flooding. When held
             <20 mm beneath the water's surface by the basal ends of
             their petioles, leaves surfaced, apparently through
             hydrodynamic lift, and aquaplaned with very low drag
             relative to surface area. When held >20 mm below the
             water surface, leaves curled into cones that had higher
             drag. Both measured and extrapolated drag of aquaplaning and
             submerged leaves were well below petiole breaking strength.
             Leaves of some other herbaceous plants that might
             occasionally be exposed to sheet flow behaved similarly;
             most had blades with upwardly curved basal lobes and fairly
             long petioles. Tree leaves with similar basal lobes and long
             petioles did not aquaplane. The biological significance of
             low drag during aquaplaning remains uncertain because
             petiole strength and root strength should be enough to hold
             the plant in place during sheet flow even without
             aquaplaning. Moreover, flooding with sheet flow is a rare
             event for most of these plants. © 2006 by The North
             American Benthological Society.},
   Doi = {10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[2:DRBLAI]2.0.CO;2},
   Key = {fds231233}
}

@article{fds231200,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Bioballistics: The scaling of prelaunch acceleration and
             subsequent trajectories},
   Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
   Volume = {45},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1090-1090},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235337601022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231200}
}

@article{fds231248,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world. V. Maintaining
             temperature.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {581-590},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16388130},
   Key = {fds231248}
}

@article{fds231249,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world IV. Moving heat
             around.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {449-460},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16184005},
   Key = {fds231249}
}

@article{fds231250,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world III. Getting up to
             speed.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {303-312},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16052068},
   Key = {fds231250}
}

@article{fds231251,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a physical world II. The bio-ballistics of small
             projectiles.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {167-175},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886452},
   Key = {fds231251}
}

@article{fds177852,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Drag reduction by aquaplaning in Hexastylis},
   Journal = {Journal of the North American Benthological
             Society},
   Volume = {25},
   Pages = {2-8},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds177852}
}

@article{fds231230,
   Author = {F. Trail and I. Gaffoor and S. Vogel},
   Title = {Ejection mechanics and trajectory of the ascospores of
             Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fuarium graminearum)},
   Journal = {Fungal Genetics and Biology},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {528-533},
   Year = {2005},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2005.03.008},
   Abstract = {Since wind speed drops to zero at a surface, forced ejection
             should facilitate spore dispersal. But for tiny spores, with
             low mass relative to surface area, high ejection speed
             yields only a short range trajectory, so pernicious is their
             drag. Thus, achieving high speeds requires prodigious
             accelerations. In the ascomycete Gibberella zeae, we
             determined the launch speed and kinetic energy of ascospores
             shot from perithecia, and the source and magnitude of the
             pressure driving the launch. We asked whether the pressure
             inside the ascus suffices to account for launch speed and
             energy. Launch speed was 34.5 m s-1, requiring a pressure of
             1.54 MPa and an acceleration of 870,000 g-the highest
             acceleration reported in a biological system. This analysis
             allows us to discount the major sugar component of the
             epiplasmic fluid, mannitol, as having a key role in driving
             discharge, and supports the role of potassium ion flux in
             the mechanism. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.fgb.2005.03.008},
   Key = {fds231230}
}

@article{fds231252,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Living in a Physical World. I. Two Ways to Move
             Material},
   Journal = {Journal of Biosciences},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {391-397},
   Year = {2004},
   url = {http:///www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/dec2004/contents.htm},
   Key = {fds231252}
}

@article{fds231263,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Nature's swell, but is it worth copying?},
   Journal = {MRS Bulletin},
   Volume = {28},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {404-408},
   Year = {2003},
   Abstract = {Biomimetics has become a buzzword. It has rapidly acquired a
             community with no small stake in its promise, so it is worth
             examining. Dismissing natural preeminence as technophobic
             mythology might imply that biomimetics is an odd
             manifestation (or capitalization on) a current of cultural
             pantheism. Paradoxically, perhaps, that dismal corollary
             proves spurious. Nature's technology differs from that of
             humans along a host of axes, and in those differences lies
             the promise of biomimetics. This assertion is supported with
             examples. First, a few low-stiffness designs are considered,
             followed by some anisotropic composites.},
   Key = {fds231263}
}

@article{fds231176,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Biological relevance of the Peclet number},
   Journal = {INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1329-1329},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000182356600734&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231176}
}

@article{fds231194,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {The Oxford companion to the body},
   Journal = {SCIENCE},
   Volume = {296},
   Number = {5569},
   Pages = {854-854},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0036-8075},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000175442500025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.1072760},
   Key = {fds231194}
}

@article{fds231261,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {A short history of muscle-powered machines},
   Journal = {Natural History},
   Volume = {111},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {84-91},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {March},
   Key = {fds231261}
}

@article{fds231182,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {The miracle of flight},
   Journal = {TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT},
   Number = {5154},
   Pages = {4-4},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0307-661X},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000173513300004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231182}
}

@article{fds231255,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {The paths of paths},
   Journal = {Exploratorium Magazine},
   Volume = {26},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {10-11},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds231255}
}

@article{fds231256,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Physical determinants of the design of fluid transport
             systems},
   Journal = {Aula de Ciencia i Cultura: Fundacio Caixa de
             Sabadell},
   Volume = {12},
   Pages = {113-123},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds231256}
}

@article{fds231262,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {The cost of making waves},
   Journal = {Exploratorium Magazine},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {24-25},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds231262}
}

@article{fds231181,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Muscle as engine: a biomechanical look at some ancient
             tasks.},
   Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
   Volume = {40},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1246-1246},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0003-1569},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168132000825&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231181}
}

@article{fds231259,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Rhino horns and paper cups: deceptive similarities between
             natural and human designs.},
   Journal = {J Biosci},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {191-195},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0250-5991},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878860},
   Abstract = {One cannot assume that resemblances between the mechanical
             devices of human technology and those produced by the
             evolutionary process reflect either specific copying of
             nature by people or some particular point of functional
             superiority. A third alternative is that the two mechanical
             contexts derive quite different advantages from a given
             arrangement. While this latter might appear unlikely, one
             can argue that it underlies such things as the use of
             conical shapes, helical tensile structures, spheres and
             cylinders, beams and columns of relatively low torsional
             stiffness, and geodesic shells.},
   Key = {fds231259}
}

@article{fds231166,
   Author = {S Vogel and KK Davis},
   Title = {Cats' Paws and Catapults Mechanical Worlds of Nature and
             People},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {0393319903},
   Abstract = {Examines the workings of nature's mechanical designs and
             man's technology and compares the design similarities and
             differences of both human and natural technologies.},
   Key = {fds231166}
}

@article{fds231258,
   Author = {S. A. Etnier and S. Vogel},
   Title = {Reorientation of daffodil(Narcissus: Amaryllidaceae) flowers
             inwind: drag reduction andtorsional flexibility.},
   Journal = {Am J Bot},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {29-32},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0002-9122},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636827},
   Abstract = {Daffodil flowers extend laterally from the long axes of
             their stems; as a result, wind on a flower exerts torsional
             as well as flexural stress on the stem. Stems respond by
             twisting, and thus flowers reorient to face downwind in
             moderate winds, in the process reducing their drag by
             ∼30%. This repositioning is facilitated by the stems'
             relatively low torsional stiffness. Daffodil stems have a
             ratio of flexural to torsional stiffness of 13.27 ± 0.96
             (SD), compared with 8.33 ± 3.20 (SD) for tulip stems, which
             bear flowers as symmetrical extensions of their long axes,
             and compared with 1.5 for isotropic, incompressible,
             circular cylinders.},
   Key = {fds231258}
}

@article{fds17280,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Mythology in introductory biology},
   Journal = {Resonance: Journal of Science Education},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {86-95},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds17280}
}

@article{fds231253,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Walking, running and a naval engineer},
   Journal = {Jantar Mantar},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {11-12},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds231253}
}

@article{fds231254,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Walking and running},
   Journal = {Jantar Mantar},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {10-13},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds231254}
}

@article{fds231260,
   Author = {S. Vogel and J. G. Vogel},
   Title = {Copying life's devices},
   Journal = {Current Science},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {1424-1430},
   Year = {2000},
   Abstract = {Nature's mechanical contrivances are certainly impressive,
             but only occasionally have they provided useful models for
             human technology. Several of the commonly cited successes in
             biomimetics prove on close examination to be apocryphal. The
             handful of cases that survive scrutiny suggest that copying
             nature is the most promising where, (1) we do not attempt
             slavish imitation, (2) our understanding of the underlying
             science is weak, or (3) either we want to make something
             akin to what is common in nature or the natural model
             happens to be close to what is typical of our own
             technology.},
   Key = {fds231260}
}

@article{fds231198,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Pulling a fast one},
   Journal = {SCIENCES-NEW YORK},
   Volume = {39},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {47-47},
   Year = {1999},
   ISSN = {0036-861X},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000079856800020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231198}
}

@article{fds231257,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Unnatural acts},
   Journal = {SCIENCES-NEW YORK},
   Volume = {39},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {10-12},
   Year = {1999},
   ISSN = {0036-861X},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000081113200012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231257}
}

@article{fds231151,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Save the males},
   Journal = {Oxymoron},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {12-14},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds231151}
}

@article{fds231203,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Academically correct biological science},
   Journal = {AMERICAN SCIENTIST},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {504-506},
   Year = {1998},
   ISSN = {0003-0996},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000076340000004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.1511/1998.43.3295},
   Key = {fds231203}
}

@article{fds231229,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Exposing life's limits with dimensionless
             numbers},
   Journal = {Physics Today},
   Volume = {51},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {22-27},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds231229}
}

@article{fds231228,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Squirt smugly, scallop!},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {385},
   Number = {6611},
   Pages = {21-22},
   Year = {1997},
   ISSN = {0028-0836},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385021a0},
   Doi = {10.1038/385021a0},
   Key = {fds231228}
}

@article{fds231225,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Diversity and convergence in the study of organismal
             function},
   Journal = {Israel Journal of Zoology},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {297-305},
   Year = {1996},
   Abstract = {Similarity of structure among organisms reflects either
             common ancestry or convergence. The latter indicates that
             natural selection has had a significant influence and
             therefore that the structure is of functional importance.
             Since natural selection is most directly felt at the
             organismal level of organization, convergence is most
             pervasive there. While such convergence provides evidence of
             adaptation for the evolutionary biologist, for the
             comparative physiologist it is a tool of much greater
             importance. It provides a way to distinguish at least
             initially between characters that matter and characters that
             do not, it permits evaluation of the degree of precision
             necessary for a character, and it improves the predictive
             value of generalizations about functional significance.
             Using convergence requires direct access to biological
             diversity; it also requires reliable phylogenetic
             information, the latter even more dependent on access to
             diverse material.},
   Key = {fds231225}
}

@article{fds231226,
   Author = {A Witztum and K Schulgasser and S Vogel},
   Title = {Upwind movement of achenes of Centaurea eriophora L. on the
             ground},
   Journal = {Annals of Botany},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {431-436},
   Year = {1996},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0139},
   Abstract = {The lightly compressed achenes of Centaurea eriophora L.
             bear a pappus composed of stiff bristles at their apex and
             have an elaiosome appendage at their base. The pappus is
             ineffective in keeping the achene wind-borne but does serve
             to regulate the movement of the achene on the ground in
             response to wind. In wind the achene swivels like a weather
             vane with the base of the achene pointing into the wind. In
             weak wind the pappus bristles prevent the achene from
             blowing away. In stronger wind the bristles move due to
             their flattened, flexible, hinge-like bases and act like
             ratchets against the substratum, thus enabling the achene to
             move upwind. In either case achenes remain in groups. Ants
             are attracted to the elaiosome and disperse the achenes.
             Wind-induced movement was explored by testing achenes on
             various substrata in a wind tunnel at free-stream speeds
             between 2 and 7 m s-1.},
   Doi = {10.1006/anbo.1996.0139},
   Key = {fds231226}
}

@article{fds231227,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Blowing in the wind: Storm-resisting features of the design
             of trees},
   Journal = {Journal of Arboriculture},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {92-98},
   Year = {1996},
   Abstract = {Many of the features of trees represent arrangements that
             minimize the chance that they will uproot when exposed to
             high winds. At least four schemes, singly or in combination,
             keep the bases of trees from rotating in the face of the
             turning moment imposed by the drag of their leaves. Trunks
             and petioles are relatively more resistant to bending than
             to twisting, giving good support but permitting
             drag-reducing reconfiguration in high winds. Leaves curl and
             cluster in a variety of ways, all of which greatly reduce
             the drag they incur relative to the values for ordinary thin
             and flexible objects such as flags. However, information
             derived from measurement and experimentation about such
             mechanical matters is still quite limited.},
   Key = {fds231227}
}

@article{fds231154,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Better bent than broken},
   Journal = {Discover},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {62-67},
   Year = {1995},
   ISSN = {0274-7529},
   Key = {fds231154}
}

@article{fds231223,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Pressure versus flow in biological pumps.},
   Journal = {Symp Soc Exp Biol},
   Volume = {49},
   Pages = {297-304},
   Year = {1995},
   ISSN = {0081-1386},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8571231},
   Abstract = {The pumps with which organisms move fluids span nearly a
             ten-million-fold pressure range. As in human technology,
             positive displacement pumps (osmotic, valve-and-chamber,
             peristaltic, etc.) are used for high-pressure applications
             and fluid dynamic pumps (using hydrofoils, cilia,
             aspirators, etc.) for low pressures. But while pressure
             capability or system resistance dichotomizes pumps by
             operative mechanism, the values of a dimensionless
             pressure-flow index prove more relevant to their biological
             roles; this index is a ratio of overall pressure drop in the
             system to pressure drop due to viscous resistance to
             flow.},
   Key = {fds231223}
}

@article{fds231224,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Twist-to-bend ratios of woody structures},
   Journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {289},
   Pages = {981-985},
   Year = {1995},
   Key = {fds231224}
}

@article{fds231195,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {DEALING HONESTLY WITH DIFFUSION},
   Journal = {AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {405-407},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0002-7685},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PJ93500005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231195}
}

@article{fds231180,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {MIXED MECHANISMS, COMPLEX SHAPES, AND TRANSITIONAL REGIMES -
             HELP US DECIPHER THE DEVICES OF ORGANISMS},
   Journal = {JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
             ASME},
   Volume = {116},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {195-196},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0098-2202},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994NV45100001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.1115/1.2910250},
   Key = {fds231180}
}

@article{fds231146,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Second-rate squirts},
   Journal = {Discover},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {70-76},
   Year = {1994},
   ISSN = {0274-7529},
   Key = {fds231146}
}

@article{fds231192,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {NATURES PUMPS - DIVERSE IN BOTH FORM AND FUNCTION, THE
             FLUID-FORCING DEVICES IN ORGANISMS HAVE MANY OF THE
             CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF PUMPS OF HUMAN
             DESIGN},
   Journal = {AMERICAN SCIENTIST},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {464-471},
   Year = {1994},
   ISSN = {0003-0996},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PD32300016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231192}
}

@article{fds231214,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Life in moving fluids: the physical biology of
             flow.},
   Year = {1994},
   Abstract = {The book is concerned with the biological applications of
             low speed fluid mechanics. Among the topics considered are
             drag, scale and Reynolds number, relationship between shape
             and drag, velocity gradients and boundary layers, lift and
             aerofoils, gliding and thrust production and flow at very
             low Reynolds numbers. (P.M.T.)},
   Key = {fds231214}
}

@article{fds231185,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {WHEN LEAVES SAVE THE TREE},
   Journal = {NATURAL HISTORY},
   Volume = {102},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {58-63},
   Year = {1993},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0028-0712},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LU11100019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231185}
}

@article{fds231147,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Life in a whirl},
   Journal = {Discover},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {80-86},
   Year = {1993},
   ISSN = {0274-7529},
   Key = {fds231147}
}

@article{fds231167,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Vital Circuits : On Pumps, Pipes, and the Workings of
             Circulatory Systems},
   Year = {1992},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {019802357X},
   Abstract = {Anyone curious about the workings of the body, whether
             afflicted with heart trouble or addicted to science
             watching, will find this book a goldmine of information and
             oelight.},
   Key = {fds231167}
}

@article{fds231148,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Copying nature: a biologist's cautionary
             comments},
   Journal = {Biometrics},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {63-79},
   Year = {1992},
   ISSN = {1541-0420},
   Key = {fds231148}
}

@article{fds231221,
   Author = {MR Bolick and S Vogel},
   Title = {Breaking strengths of pollen grain walls},
   Journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
   Volume = {181},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {171-178},
   Year = {1992},
   ISSN = {0378-2697},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937442},
   Abstract = {50% breaking point pressures of pollen grain walls of eleven
             species were determined. The breaking point pressures of
             most pollen grain walls are equivalent to those reported in
             the literature for other types of living cell walls such as
             bacterial spore coats, algal cell walls, mold sporophyte
             cells, and dicot suspension culture cells. The strongest
             pollen grain walls are two or three orders of magnitude
             stronger, however. Pollen grain walls are proportionately
             very thick in comparison to other types of cell walls. It is
             this thickness, not the construction or physical properties
             of the pollen grain wall, that most probably accounts for
             their strength. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.},
   Doi = {10.1007/BF00937442},
   Key = {fds231221}
}

@article{fds231222,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Twist-to-bend ratios and cross-sectional shapes of petioles
             and stems},
   Journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
   Volume = {43},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {1527-1532},
   Year = {1992},
   ISSN = {0022-0957},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/43.11.1527},
   Abstract = {Two structural properties, resistance to twisting (torsional
             rigidity or torsional stiffness, GJ) and resistance to
             bending (flexural rigidity or flexural stiffness, El), were
             measured on a variety of herbaceous stems and petioles.
             Specimens with non-circular cross-sections had higher values
             of the ratio of El to GJ that is, such specimens were
             relatively more flexible in twisting than in bending. But
             both kinds had higher ratios than those that characterize
             simple, isotropic materials, and thus both structural and
             material factors contribute to achieving a high
             twist-to-bend ratio. The composite property expressed as the
             dimensionless variable EI/GJ appears to be a functionally
             relevant parameter in many biological situations. © 1992
             Oxford University Press.},
   Doi = {10.1093/jxb/43.11.1527},
   Key = {fds231222}
}

@article{fds231177,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {DESIGN OF BIOLOGICAL NOZZLES THAT SQUIRT RATHER THAN
             SPRAY},
   Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {A143-A143},
   Year = {1991},
   ISSN = {0003-1569},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GV28500565&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231177}
}

@article{fds231175,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {USING DIMENSIONLESS RATIOS TO RULE OUT ORGANISMS},
   Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {A128-A128},
   Year = {1989},
   ISSN = {0003-1569},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1989CQ51800522&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231175}
}

@article{fds231220,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high
             winds},
   Journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
   Volume = {40},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {941-948},
   Year = {1989},
   ISSN = {0022-0957},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/40.8.941},
   Abstract = {Drag was measured and changes of configuration noted as a
             variety of leaves, leaflets, and clusters were subjected to
             turbulent winds of 10 and 20 m s-1. Leaves with acute bases
             and short petioles had the highest surface-specific drag,
             fluttered erratically and, most commonly, tore. Leaves with
             lobed bases and long petioles had lower drag, fluttered
             little and reconfigured into increasingly acute cones.
             Pinnately compound leaves had the lowest drag and formed
             cylinders with leaflets layered alternately. For all but
             individual white oak leaves, drag coefficients (based on
             original surface area) decreased with increasing wind speed.
             Single leaves of white poplar were unstable at all speeds
             but resisted damage even at 30 m s-1; clusters formed stable
             cones. These results are contrasted with the behaviour of
             flags in wind and are related to wind-throw in trees. ©
             1989 Oxford University Press.},
   Doi = {10.1093/jxb/40.8.941},
   Key = {fds231220}
}

@article{fds231149,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Capitalizing on currents: how non-rigid organisms use
             flow-induced pressures},
   Journal = {American Sci},
   Volume = {76},
   Pages = {28-34},
   Year = {1988},
   ISSN = {0003-0996},
   Key = {fds231149}
}

@article{fds231168,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Life's Devices The Physical World of Animals and
             Plants},
   Year = {1988},
   ISBN = {0691024189},
   Abstract = {This book is about just that--the mechanics of the
             situation.},
   Key = {fds231168}
}

@article{fds231196,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {HOW ORGANISMS USE FLOW-INDUCED PRESSURES},
   Journal = {AMERICAN SCIENTIST},
   Volume = {76},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {28-34},
   Year = {1988},
   ISSN = {0003-0996},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988L790200014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231196}
}

@article{fds231186,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {MYTHOLOGY IN INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY},
   Journal = {BIOSCIENCE},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {611-614},
   Year = {1987},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0006-3568},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987J721700010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.2307/1310672},
   Key = {fds231186}
}

@article{fds231190,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {FLOW-ASSISTED MANTLE CAVITY REFILLING IN JETTING
             SQUID},
   Journal = {BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN},
   Volume = {172},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {61-68},
   Year = {1987},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0006-3185},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987G373600005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.2307/1541606},
   Key = {fds231190}
}

@article{fds231218,
   Author = {T Hunter and S Vogel},
   Title = {Spinning embryos enhance diffusion through gelatinous egg
             masses},
   Journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
             Ecology},
   Volume = {96},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {303-308},
   Year = {1986},
   ISSN = {0022-0981},
   Abstract = {Heat transfer rate was used as an analog in determining the
             effect of embryonic movement on diffusion rates through
             gelatinous egg masses of the opisthobranch mollusc Haminoea
             sp. Egg masses containing spinning embryos had thermal
             conductivities (and, by analogy, diffusion rates) at least
             7.6% greater than egg masses containing non-spinning
             embryos. Spinning may thus provide a mechanism that
             increases the rates of diffusion-limited processes in the
             developing embryo. © 1986.},
   Key = {fds231218}
}

@article{fds231219,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {SUBTLETY AND SUPPLENESS.},
   Journal = {Mechanical Engineering},
   Volume = {108},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {60-68},
   Year = {1986},
   Abstract = {Examples are given of how investigating the diversity of
             biological material can help to explain general principles
             of natural design, and how a few physical constraints can
             determine a variety of biological arrangements. These
             comparative biomechanics investigations illustrate important
             lessons. One is how material economy and safety are achieved
             by avoiding designs that are stiff or cross-brace many
             orthogonal elements. Another lesson may lie in the diverse
             purpose for which the natural flows of air and water can be
             usefully incorporated into practical devices for filtration,
             ventilation and olfaction.},
   Key = {fds231219}
}

@article{fds231187,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {FLOW-ASSISTED SHELL REOPENING IN SWIMMING
             SCALLOPS},
   Journal = {BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN},
   Volume = {169},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {624-630},
   Year = {1985},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0006-3185},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AXG5700006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.2307/1541304},
   Key = {fds231187}
}

@article{fds231191,
   Author = {S VOGEL and C LOUDON},
   Title = {FLUID-MECHANICS OF THE THALLUS OF AN INTERTIDAL RED ALGA,
             HALOSACCION-GLANDIFORME},
   Journal = {BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN},
   Volume = {168},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {161-174},
   Year = {1985},
   ISSN = {0006-3185},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985ADC0200013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.2307/1541181},
   Key = {fds231191}
}

@article{fds231197,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {FLOW-ASSISTED REFILLING OF SQUID MANTLE CAVITY},
   Journal = {AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {A25-A25},
   Year = {1985},
   ISSN = {0003-1569},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AUX1700104&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231197}
}

@article{fds231199,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {THE LATERAL THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY OF LEAVES},
   Journal = {CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE
             BOTANIQUE},
   Volume = {62},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {741-744},
   Year = {1984},
   ISSN = {0008-4026},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SR97400017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231199}
}

@article{fds231217,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Drag and flexibility in sessile organisms},
   Journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {37-44},
   Year = {1984},
   ISSN = {1540-7063},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/24.1.37},
   Abstract = {Most large, sessile organisms when exposed to rapid flows of
             air or water are markedly deformed as a consequence of their
             structural flexibility. Responses to air and water movement
             are similar, although both extreme and typical forces
             generated by water flows are greater, and erect organisms
             are commonly shorter in water than in air. A useful way of
             viewing data on the scaling of drag with flow speed is with
             a graph of speed-specific drag (drag divided by the square
             of speed) against speed. Since an ordinary solid body
             usually gives a horizontal line on such a plot, deviations
             from the ordinary are immediately evident. The slopes of the
             double logarithmic version of these graphs provide useful
             numerical comparisons. All of the cases considered
             here-trees, macroalgae, sea pens, etc.-give negative slopes
             at high flow rates, indicating that speed-specific drag
             drops with increasing flow. Such results may be taken as
             evidence that the flexible response commonly constitutes an
             adaptively useful reconfiguration as opposed to a mere
             incidental consequence of the material economy afforded by
             flexibility. © 1984 by the American Society of
             Zoologists.},
   Doi = {10.1093/icb/24.1.37},
   Key = {fds231217}
}

@article{fds231140,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Air flow through giant silkmoth antennae},
   Journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
   Volume = {29},
   Pages = {597-602},
   Year = {1983},
   ISSN = {1879-1611},
   Key = {fds231140}
}

@article{fds231215,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {How much air passes through a silkmoth's
             antenna?},
   Journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {597-602},
   Year = {1983},
   ISSN = {0022-1910},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(83)90027-6},
   Abstract = {Airflow through an antenna of Actias luna and other
             saturniid moths is much lower than the speed of the wind to
             which the antenna is exposed. At wind speeds of 0.75-2.75 m
             sec-1, between 8 and 18% of the air directly upwind from an
             antenna will pass through it. By contrast, about 38% of
             light striking an antenna passes through, pointing out the
             effect of viscosity on flow through a fine mesh filter. ©
             1983.},
   Doi = {10.1016/0022-1910(83)90027-6},
   Key = {fds231215}
}

@article{fds231216,
   Author = {S Vogel and MN Papanicolaou},
   Title = {A constant stress creep testing machine},
   Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {153-156},
   Year = {1983},
   Abstract = {A device is described which permits loading of highly
             extensible materials at constant stress while monitoring
             extension as a function of time. As presented, the device
             accomodates extensions of up to four times resting length,
             loads from 0.1 to 10 N, and specimen lengths from 1 to 5
             cm.},
   Key = {fds231216}
}

@article{fds231174,
   Author = {M LABARBERA and S VOGEL},
   Title = {THE DESIGN OF FLUID TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS IN
             ORGANISMS},
   Journal = {AMERICAN SCIENTIST},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {54-60},
   Year = {1982},
   ISSN = {0003-0996},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982MZ04200013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231174}
}

@article{fds231193,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {LIFE IN A VELOCITY-GRADIENT},
   Journal = {JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {194-194},
   Year = {1980},
   ISSN = {0021-9290},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JK74600026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.1016/0021-9290(80)90205-5},
   Key = {fds231193}
}

@article{fds231178,
   Author = {S VOGEL and M LABARBERA},
   Title = {SIMPLE FLOW TANKS FOR RESEARCH AND TEACHING},
   Journal = {BIOSCIENCE},
   Volume = {28},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {638-643},
   Year = {1978},
   ISSN = {0006-3568},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FS23100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.2307/1307394},
   Key = {fds231178}
}

@article{fds231179,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {EVIDENCE FOR ONE-WAY VALVES IN WATER-FLOW SYSTEM OF
             SPONGES},
   Journal = {JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY},
   Volume = {76},
   Number = {OCT},
   Pages = {137-148},
   Year = {1978},
   ISSN = {0022-0949},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FV66700009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231179}
}

@article{fds231188,
   Author = {S VOGEL},
   Title = {ORGANISMS THAT CAPTURE CURRENTS},
   Journal = {SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN},
   Volume = {239},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {128-&},
   Year = {1978},
   ISSN = {0036-8733},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FH00500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231188}
}

@article{fds231212,
   Author = {GR Murdock and S Vogel},
   Title = {Hydrodynamic induction of water flow through a keyhole
             limpet (gastropoda, fissurellidae)},
   Journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A:
             Physiology},
   Volume = {61},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {227-231},
   Year = {1978},
   ISSN = {0300-9629},
   Abstract = {1. 1. The geometry of keyhole limpets suggests that they
             should experience water flow through the mantle cavity
             driven by environmental currents. 2. 2. In a living Diodora
             aspera even a slight ambient current (5 cm/sec) increases
             the rate of transport of water through the mantle cavity
             about three-fold over the still-water pumping rate. 3. 3. In
             a model limpet (using a real shell) the magnitude of this
             increase proves primarily dependent on the speed and
             secondarily on the direction of the environmental current.
             4. 4. While the direct cost of normal pumping by these
             animals is trivial, induced flows may substantially decrease
             the fraction of the dissolved oxygen which the limpets must
             extract from the water passing through them. ©
             1978.},
   Key = {fds231212}
}

@article{fds231213,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Current induced flow through living sponges in
             nature},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
             United States of America},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {2069-2071},
   Year = {1977},
   Key = {fds231213}
}

@article{fds231184,
   Author = {M LABARBERA and S VOGEL},
   Title = {INEXPENSIVE THERMISTOR FLOWMETER FOR AQUATIC
             BIOLOGY},
   Journal = {LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {750-756},
   Year = {1976},
   ISSN = {0024-3590},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1976CC00500016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231184}
}

@article{fds231210,
   Author = {S Wainwright and S Vogel and MW Denny and JP Eylers and MK Glasser and ML
             Barbera, GW Pearsall and HG Clark},
   Title = {Letter to the editors: Concerning words and
             people.},
   Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {167-},
   Year = {1975},
   Key = {fds231210}
}

@article{fds231211,
   Author = {S Wainwright and S Vogel and MW Denny and JP Eylers and MK Glasser and ML
             Barbera, GW Pearsall and HG Clark},
   Title = {Concerning words and people},
   Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {167-},
   Year = {1975},
   ISSN = {0021-9290},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(75)90098-6},
   Doi = {10.1016/0021-9290(75)90098-6},
   Key = {fds231211}
}

@article{fds231138,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Current-induced flow through the sponge,
             Halichondria},
   Journal = {Biol. Bull.},
   Volume = {147},
   Pages = {443-456},
   Year = {1974},
   Key = {fds231138}
}

@article{fds231139,
   Author = {S Vogel and WL Balsam},
   Title = {Water movement in archaeocyathids: evidence and implications
             of passive flow in models},
   Journal = {Journal of Paleontology},
   Volume = {47},
   Pages = {979-984},
   Year = {1973},
   ISSN = {1937-2337},
   Key = {fds231139}
}

@article{fds231209,
   Author = {S Vogel and CPE Jr and DLK Jr},
   Title = {Wind-induced ventilation of the burrow of the prairie-dog,
             Cynomys ludovicianus},
   Journal = {Journal of comparative physiology},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-14},
   Year = {1973},
   ISSN = {0340-7594},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694136},
   Abstract = {Where a fluid flows across a surface, such as wind over the
             earth, the velocity gradient created provides a potential
             source of work. This gradient might be employed by one
             burrowing animal to induce air-flow in its long, narrow
             burrow. The burrow of the black-tailed prairie-dog
             constitutes a respiratory dead-space of extraordinary
             magnitude in which diffusion appears inadequate for gas
             exchange. But the burrow is arranged in a manner appropriate
             for wind-induced ventilation, typically with two openings at
             opposite ends and with mounds surrounding these openings of
             two forms (Fig. 3), with one form on each end. When a breeze
             crosses the mounds, air enters the burrow through the lower
             mound and leaves through the higher. The same unidirectional
             flow is evident with scale models of real mounds on a model
             burrow in a wind tunnel; flow inside the burrow is nearly a
             linear function of flow across the mounds (Fig. 4).
             Wind-induced ventilation in the model burrow could also be
             induced with model mounds differing in shape but not height.
             Mounds with sharp rims were more effective exits for air
             than mounds with rounded tops; in nature such shape
             differences complement the differences in height. © 1973
             Springer-Verlag.},
   Doi = {10.1007/BF00694136},
   Key = {fds231209}
}

@article{fds231169,
   Author = {S Vogel and KC Ewel},
   Title = {A Model Menagerie Laboratory Studies about Living
             Systems},
   Year = {1972},
   Key = {fds231169}
}

@article{fds231208,
   Author = {S Vogel and WL Bretz},
   Title = {Interfacial organisms: Passive ventilation in the velocity
             gradients near surfaces},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {175},
   Number = {4018},
   Pages = {210-211},
   Year = {1972},
   ISSN = {0036-8075},
   Abstract = {A variety of animals, including certain sponges,
             tube-dwelling worms, tropical termites, and prairie dogs,
             either are themselves arranged or construct domiciles
             arranged to permit flow of fluid inside the system driven by
             a velocity gradient in an external stream of
             fluid.},
   Key = {fds231208}
}

@article{fds231134,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Response of roach central nerve cord to sensory
             stimulation},
   Journal = {Film},
   Year = {1970},
   Key = {fds231134}
}

@article{fds231206,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Convective cooling at low airspeeds and the shapes of broad
             leaves},
   Journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {91-101},
   Year = {1970},
   ISSN = {0022-0957},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/21.1.91},
   Abstract = {Circular, abstractly lobed, and leaf-shaped flat copper
             plates were heated in a very low-speed wind tunnel. Surface
             temperature distributions of the plates were matched to
             those of real leaves. With the centres of the plates 15°C
             above ambient temperature, their heat dissipation was
             measured at wind velocities of <1, 10, and 30 cm s-1 from
             below and laterally with horizontal and vertical plate
             orientations. Even very slight forced-air movements markedly
             increased heat dissipation in this range of mixed free and
             forced convection. Lobed plates were more effective
             dissipators than circles, with the greatest differences
             occurring where flow was normal to the plate. Circular
             plates dissipated about one-fourth more heat when vertical
             than when horizontal in still air (free convection). By
             contrast, dissipation was essentially independent of
             orientation for extensively lobed models. Under some
             circumstances, maximum dissipation occurred with lobed
             plates oblique to a forced air stream. Physical explanations
             and biological implications of these results are discussed.
             © 1970 Oxford University Press.},
   Doi = {10.1093/jxb/21.1.91},
   Key = {fds231206}
}

@article{fds231170,
   Author = {S Vogel and SA Wainwright},
   Title = {A Functional Bestiary Laboratory Studies about Living
             Systems},
   Year = {1969},
   ISBN = {0201081482},
   Key = {fds231170}
}

@article{fds231130,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Sun leaves and shade leaves: differences in convective heat
             dissipation},
   Journal = {Ecology},
   Volume = {49},
   Pages = {1203-1204},
   Year = {1968},
   ISSN = {1939-9170},
   Key = {fds231130}
}

@article{fds231131,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Flight in Drosophila. III:.Aerodynamic characteristics of
             fly wings and wing models},
   Journal = {J. Exp. Biol.},
   Volume = {46},
   Pages = {431-443},
   Year = {1967},
   Key = {fds231131}
}

@article{fds231132,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Flight in Drosophila. II: Variations in stroke parameters
             and wing contour},
   Journal = {J. Exp. Biol.},
   Volume = {46},
   Pages = {383-392},
   Year = {1967},
   Key = {fds231132}
}

@article{fds231135,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Flight in Drosophila. I: Flight performance of tethered
             flies},
   Journal = {J. Exp. Biol.},
   Volume = {44},
   Pages = {567-578},
   Year = {1966},
   Key = {fds231135}
}

@article{fds231205,
   Author = {S Vogel and RD Chapman},
   Title = {Force measurements with d'Arsonval galvanometers},
   Journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {520-},
   Year = {1966},
   ISSN = {0034-6748},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1720233},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.1720233},
   Key = {fds231205}
}

@article{fds231207,
   Author = {S Vogel and N Feder},
   Title = {Visualization of low-speed flow using suspended plastic
             particles [5]},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {209},
   Number = {5019},
   Pages = {186-187},
   Year = {1966},
   ISSN = {0028-0836},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/209186a0},
   Doi = {10.1038/209186a0},
   Key = {fds231207}
}

@article{fds231136,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Aspects of flight at low Reynolds number},
   Journal = {Proc. Int. Congr. Ent.},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {188-189},
   Year = {1964},
   Key = {fds231136}
}

@article{fds231204,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {A possible role of the boundary layer in insect
             flight},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {193},
   Number = {4821},
   Pages = {1201-1202},
   Year = {1962},
   ISSN = {0028-0836},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1931201a0},
   Abstract = {IT has been recently proposed by Greenewalt1 that the
             observed wing-beat frequency of insects and birds is
             equivalent to the characteristic frequency of the flight
             system as a mechanical oscillator. Evidence for this has
             come primarily from work on those higher orders of insects
             in which direct neural control of frequency is absent
             ('asynchronous' type of Roeder2). From this point of view
             the inverse variation of wing-beat frequency with air
             density reported in some species by Chadwick and Williams3
             and Sotavalta4 appears anomalous. Evidence is given here
             which shows that such an anomaly may be due to a factor
             hitherto not considered in investigations of the flight of
             small insects: a variation of effective wing inertia with
             air density due to a functionally significant additional
             mass corresponding to a volume of air 'attached' to the
             wings. © 1962 Nature Publishing Group.},
   Doi = {10.1038/1931201a0},
   Key = {fds231204}
}


%% Book Reviews   
@article{fds17251,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Moving Forward: Review of "Principles of Animal Locomotion"
             by R. McNeill Alexander},
   Journal = {American Scientist},
   Volume = {91},
   Pages = {372-373},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds17251}
}

@article{fds17286,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {"Having Lift-Off'," Review of S. Dalton "The Miracle of
             Flight"},
   Journal = {The Times Literary Supplement},
   Volume = {Jan 11 '02},
   Number = {5154},
   Pages = {4},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds17286}
}

@article{fds17285,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {"Habeus Corpus," Review of C. Blakemore and S. Jennett, eds,
             "The Oxford Companion to the Body."},
   Journal = {Science},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds17285}
}

@article{fds17288,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Review of T. A. Heppenheimer, "A Brief History of Flight:
             From Balloons to Mach 3 and Beyond."},
   Journal = {American Scientist},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds17288}
}

@article{fds17342,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Review of "The Camel's Nose,' by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen},
   Journal = {Quarterly Review of Biology},
   Volume = {76},
   Pages = {58-59},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds17342}
}

@article{fds231189,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {The extended organism: The physiology of animal-built
             structures},
   Journal = {NATURE},
   Volume = {408},
   Number = {6811},
   Pages = {404-405},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0028-0836},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000165429800018&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Key = {fds231189}
}


%% Other   
@misc{fds231162,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Insulation and ventilation},
   Pages = {126-145},
   Year = {2010},
   Key = {fds231162}
}

@misc{fds231160,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Body Shape},
   Pages = {104-107},
   Year = {2007},
   Key = {fds231160}
}

@misc{fds231158,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {So what would nature do?},
   Pages = {134-138},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds231158}
}

@misc{fds231156,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Instructional material to accompany Comparative
             Biomechanics},
   Publisher = {Available on request as e-mail attachment},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds231156}
}

@misc{fds17252,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Preface, for "On The Wing" by David E. Alexander},
   Publisher = {Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds17252}
}

@misc{fds231155,
   Author = {S. Vogel},
   Title = {Natural aerodynamic devices},
   Booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Science and Technology Yearbook},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds231155}
}

@misc{fds231157,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Preface for D.E. Alexander},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds231157}
}

@misc{fds231150,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Tree: Surviving High Winds},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds231150}
}

@misc{fds231153,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Convergence as an analytical tool in evaluating
             design},
   Pages = {13-20},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds231153}
}

@misc{fds231145,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Homeostasis},
   Year = {1994},
   Key = {fds231145}
}

@misc{fds231152,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Locomotor behavior and physical reality},
   Pages = {713-719},
   Year = {1988},
   Key = {fds231152}
}

@misc{fds231144,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Biomechanics},
   Pages = {125-127},
   Year = {1986},
   Key = {fds231144}
}

@misc{fds231141,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Behavior and the physical world of an animal},
   Volume = {4},
   Pages = {179-198},
   Year = {1981},
   Key = {fds231141}
}

@misc{fds231142,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Integration and control of body functions},
   Year = {1980},
   Key = {fds231142}
}

@misc{fds231143,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Size and the functioning of whole animals},
   Year = {1980},
   Key = {fds231143}
}

@misc{fds231137,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Flows in organisms induced by movements of the external
             medium},
   Pages = {285-297},
   Year = {1976},
   Key = {fds231137}
}

@misc{fds231133,
   Author = {S Vogel},
   Title = {Low-speed wind tunnels for biological investigations},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {295-325},
   Year = {1969},
   Key = {fds231133}
}