Publications of Haiyan Gao    :chronological  combined  by tags listing:

%% Papers Published   
@article{fds246067,
   Author = {Crawford, CB and Sindile, A and Akdogan, T and Alarcon, R and Bertozzi,
             W and Booth, E and Botto, T and Calarco, J and Clasie, B and Degrush, A and Donnelly, TW and Dow, K and Dutta, D and Farkhondeh, M and Fatemi, R and Filoti, O and Franklin, W and Gao, H and Geis, E and Gilad, S and Haeberli,
             W and Hasell, D and Hersman, W and Holtrop, M and Karpius, P and Kohl, M and Kolster, H and Lee, T and Maschinot, A and Matthews, J and McIlhany, K and Meitanis, N and Milner, RG and Redwine, RP and Seely, J and Shinozaki,
             A and Sirca, S and Six, E and Smith, T and Tonguc, B and Tschalaer, C and Tsentalovich, E and Turchinetz, W and van den Brand, JFJ and van der
             Laan, J and Wang, F and Wise, T and Xiao, Y and Xu, W and Zhang, C and Zhou,
             Z and Ziskin, V and Zwart, T},
   Title = {-Measurement of the proton's electric to magnetic form
             factor ratio from 1H(over -->)(e(over -->),e'p).},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {98},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {052301},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.052301},
   Abstract = {We report the first precision measurement of the proton
             electric to magnetic form factor ratio from spin-dependent
             elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons
             from a polarized hydrogen internal gas target. The
             measurement was performed at the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring
             over a range of four-momentum transfer squared Q2 from 0.15
             to 0.65 (GeV/c)(2). Significantly improved results on the
             proton electric and magnetic form factors are obtained in
             combination with existing cross-section data on elastic
             electron-proton scattering in the same Q2
             region.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.98.052301},
   Key = {fds246067}
}

@booklet{Belz95,
   Author = {Belz, JE and Potterveld, DH and Anthony, P and Arnold, RG and Arrington,
             J and Beck, D and Beise, EJ and Bosted, PE and Bulten, HJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich, F and Ent, R and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H-Y and Geesaman, DF and Hansen, J-O and Holt, RJ and H},
   Title = {2-body photodisintegration of the deuteron up to 2.8
             gev},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {646-649},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Measurements were performed for the photodisintegration
             cross section of the deuteron for photon energies from 1.6
             to 2.8 GeV and center-of-mass angles from 37° to 90°.
             The measured energy dependence of the cross section at
             θc.m. = 90° is in agreement with the constituent
             counting rules.},
   Key = {Belz95}
}

@article{fds246013,
   Author = {Yan, H and Li, K and Khatiwada, R and Smith, E and Snow, WM and Fu, CB and Chu, PH and Gao, H and Zheng, W},
   Title = {A frequency determination method for digitized NMR
             signals},
   Journal = {Communications in Computational Physics},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {1343-1351},
   Publisher = {Global Science Press},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1815-2406},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.110613.270913a},
   Abstract = {We present a high precision frequency determination method
             for digitized NMR FID signals. The method employs high
             precision numerical integration rather than simple summation
             as in many other techniques. With no independent knowledge
             of the other parameters of a NMR FID signal (phase φ,
             amplitude A, and transverse relaxation time T2) this method
             can determine the signal frequency f0 with a precision of
             1/(8π2f 20T22) if the observation time T ≫T2. The method
             is especially convenient when the detailed shape of the
             observed FT NMR spectrum is not well defined. When T2 is
             +∞ and the signal becomes pure sinusoidal, the precision
             of the method is 3/(2π2f20T2) which is one order more
             precise than the ±1 count error induced precision of a
             typical frequency counter. Analysis of this method shows
             that the integration reduces the noise by bandwidth
             narrowing as in a lock-in amplifier, and no extra signal
             filters are needed. For a pure sinusoidal signal we find
             from numerical simulations that the noise-induced error in
             thismethod reaches the Cramer-Rao Lower Band (CRLB) on
             frequency determination. For the damped sinusoidal case of
             most interest, the noise-induced error is found to be within
             a factor of 2 of CRLB when the measurement time T is 2 or 3
             times larger than T2. We discuss possible improvements for
             the precision of this method. © 2014 Global-Science
             Press.},
   Doi = {10.4208/cicp.110613.270913a},
   Key = {fds246013}
}

@article{fds246118,
   Author = {Ye, Q and Chen, W and al, HGE},
   Title = {A High Pressure Polarized 3He Gas Target for the High
             Intensity Gamma Source Facility at the Duke Free Electron
             Laser Laboratory},
   Journal = {European Phys. Journal A},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {55},
   Year = {2010},
   ISSN = {1434-6001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2010-10932-0},
   Abstract = {Following the first experiment on three-body
             photodisintegration of polarized 3He utilizing circularly
             polarized photons from High-Intensity Gamma Source (HIγS)
             at Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL), a new
             high-pressure polarized 3He target cell made of pyrex glass
             coated with a thin layer of sol-gel doped with aluminum
             nitrate nonahydrate has been built in order to reduce the
             photon beam-induced background. The target is based on the
             technique of spin exchange optical pumping of hybrid
             rubidium and potassium and the highest polarization achieved
             is ~ 62% determined from both NMR-AFP and EPR polarimetries.
             The phenomenological parameter that reflects the additional
             unknown spin relaxation processes, X, is estimated to be ~
             0.10 and the performance of the target is in good agreement
             with theoretical predictions. We also present beam test
             results from this new target cell and the comparison with
             the GE180 3He target cell used previously at HIγS. This
             is the first time that the sol-gel coating technique has
             been used in a polarized 3He target for nuclear-physics
             experiments. © 2010 SIF, Springer-Verlag Berlin
             Heidelberg.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/i2010-10932-0},
   Key = {fds246118}
}

@article{fds246125,
   Author = {Kramer, K and Zong, X and Lu, RC and Dutta, D and Gao, H and al,
             E},
   Title = {A High-pressure Polarized 3He Gas Target for the High
             Intensity Gamma Source (HIGS) Facility},
   Journal = {Nucl. Inst. Meth. In Phys. Research},
   Volume = {582},
   Pages = {318},
   Year = {2007},
   Key = {fds246125}
}

@article{fds304559,
   Author = {Ye, Q and Laskaris, G and Chen, W and Gao, H and Zheng, W and Zong, X and Averett, T and Cates, GD and Tobias, WA},
   Title = {A high-pressure polarized 3He gas target for
             nuclear-physics experiments using a polarized photon
             beam},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {55-61},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {1434-6001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2010-10932-0},
   Abstract = {Following the first experiment on three-body
             photodisintegration of polarized 3He utilizing circularly
             polarized photons from High-Intensity Gamma Source (HIγS)
             at Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL), a new
             high-pressure polarized 3He target cell made of pyrex glass
             coated with a thin layer of sol-gel doped with aluminum
             nitrate nonahydrate has been built in order to reduce the
             photon beam-induced background. The target is based on the
             technique of spin exchange optical pumping of hybrid
             rubidium and potassium and the highest polarization achieved
             is ~ 62% determined from both NMR-AFP and EPR polarimetries.
             The phenomenological parameter that reflects the additional
             unknown spin relaxation processes, X, is estimated to be ~
             0.10 and the performance of the target is in good agreement
             with theoretical predictions. We also present beam test
             results from this new target cell and the comparison with
             the GE180 3He target cell used previously at HIγS. This is
             the first time that the sol-gel coating technique has been
             used in a polarized 3He target for nuclear-physics
             experiments. © 2010 SIF, Springer-Verlag Berlin
             Heidelberg.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/i2010-10932-0},
   Key = {fds304559}
}

@article{fds246068,
   Author = {Kramer, K and Zong, X and Lu, R and Dutta, D and Gao, H and Qian, X and Ye, Q and Zhu, X and Averett, T and Fuchs, S},
   Title = {A high-pressure polarized 3He gas target for the
             High Intensity Gamma Source (HIγS) facility at Duke Free
             Electron Laser Laboratory},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {582},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {318-325},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.243},
   Abstract = {A new polarized 3He target has been developed for nuclear
             physics experiments utilizing the High Intensity Gamma
             Source (HIγS) at the Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory
             (DFELL). This target is designed for a broad program of
             physics employing high intensity polarized photons and a
             polarized 3He target as an effective polarized neutron
             target. We report the performance of this target based on
             the technique of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP). Due
             to the significantly larger photon beam size at the HIγS
             facility than that of a typical electron beam at electron
             accelerator laboratories, the HIγS 3He target contains a
             larger number of 3He nuclei than any polarized 3He targets
             reported previously. A target polarization on the order of
             33-46% has been achieved from both a regular 3He-Rubidium
             (Rb) target and a hybrid target which contains a mixture of
             Rb and potassium. The target polarization has been
             determined within 3 % using both the Electron Paramagnetic
             Resonance (EPR) technique and the NMR-AFP (Adiabatic Fast
             Passage) technique. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.243},
   Key = {fds246068}
}

@article{fds46660,
   Author = {B. Clasie and C. Crawford and J. Seely and W. Xu and D. Dutta and H.
             Gao},
   Title = {A laser-driven target of high-density nuclear polarized
             hydrogen gas},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A (Rapid Communications)},
   Volume = {73},
   Pages = {020703R},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds46660}
}

@article{fds246153,
   Author = {Chen, W and Mibe, T and al, HGE},
   Title = {A measurement of the differential cross section for the
             reaction $\gamma n \rightarrow \pi^- p$ from
             deuterium},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {012301},
   Year = {2009},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19659138},
   Abstract = {We report a measurement of the differential cross section
             for the gamman-->pi- p process from the CLAS detector at
             Jefferson Laboratory in Hall B for photon energies between
             1.0 and 3.5 GeV and pion center-of-mass (c.m.) angles
             (thetac.m.) between 50 degrees and 115 degrees. We confirm a
             previous indication of a broad enhancement around a c.m.
             energy ([sqrt]s) of 2.1 GeV at thetac.m.=90 degrees in the
             scaled differential cross section s7dsigma/dt and a rapid
             falloff in a center-of-mass energy region of about 400 MeV
             following the enhancement. Our data show an angular
             dependence of this enhancement as the suggested scaling
             region is approached for thetac.m. from 70 degrees to 105
             degrees.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.103.012301},
   Key = {fds246153}
}

@article{fds246019,
   Author = {Wang, Y and Fan, X and Wang, J and Gonzalez-Diaz, D and Chen, H and Chen,
             J and Li, Y and Camsonne, A and Chen, JP and Gao, H and Meziane,
             M},
   Title = {A MRPC prototype for SOLID-TOF in JLab},
   Journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {P03003-P03003},
   Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {1748-0221},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316990700028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {A prototype of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) for
             the future SoLID time of flight system at JLab has been
             developed. The counter, trapezoidal in shape, is assembled
             with the newly developed low-resistive Chinese glass. It has
             10 × 0.25 mm gas gaps and 11 readout strips of different
             lengths. The strip width is 2.5 cm with a strip-to-strip
             interval of 3 mm. Preliminary tests performed with
             cosmic-rays showed an efficiency higher than 95% and a time
             resolution around 50 ps. Results under diffuse/uniform
             irradiation performed at JLab with scattered high energy
             electrons showed a time resolution of 70-80 ps and over-95%
             efficiency up to an incoming flux of 15 kHz/cm2. These
             performances meet the requirements of the new time of flight
             system SoLID-TOF. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa
             Medialab srl.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/8/03/P03003},
   Key = {fds246019}
}

@article{fds351000,
   Author = {Ahmed, MW and Alarcon, R and Aleksandrova, A and Baeßler, S and Barron-Palos, L and Bartoszek, LM and Beck, DH and Behzadipour, M and Berkutov, I and Bessuille, J and Blatnik, M and Broering, M and Broussard, LJ and Busch, M and Carr, R and Cianciolo, V and Clayton, SM and Cooper, MD and Crawford, C and Currie, SA and Daurer, C and Dipert, R and Dow, K and Dutta, D and Efremenko, Y and Erickson, CB and Filippone, BW and Fomin, N and Gao, H and Golub, R and Gould, CR and Greene, G and Haase, DG and Hasell, D and Hawari, AI and Hayden, ME and Holley, A and Holt, RJ and Huffman, PR and Ihloff, E and Imam, SK and Ito, TM and Karcz, M and Kelsey,
             J and Kendellen, DP and Kim, YJ and Korobkina, E and Korsch, W and Lamoreaux, SK and Leggett, E and Leung, KKH and Lipman, A and Liu, CY and Long, J and MacDonald, SWT and Makela, M and Matlashov, A and Maxwell,
             JD and Mendenhall, M and Meyer, HO and Milner, RG and Mueller, PE and Nouri, N and O'Shaughnessy, CM and Osthelder, C and Peng, JC and Penttila, SI and Phan, NS and Plaster, B and Ramsey, JC and Rao, TM and Redwine, RP and Reid, A and Saftah, A and Seidel, GM and Silvera, I and Slutsky, S and Smith, E and Snow, WM and Sondheim, W and Sosothikul, S and Stanislaus, TDS and Sun, X and Swank, CM and Tang, Z and Dinani, RT and Tsentalovich, E and Vidal, C and Wei, W and White, CR and Williamson,
             SE and Yang, L and Yao, W and Young, AR},
   Title = {A new cryogenic apparatus to search for the neutron electric
             dipole moment},
   Journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {11017},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/P11017},
   Abstract = {A cryogenic apparatus is described that enables a new
             experiment, nEDM@SNS, with a major improvement in
             sensitivity compared to the existing limit in the search for
             a neutron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM). This apparatus uses
             superfluid 4He to produce a high density of Ultra-Cold
             Neutrons (UCN) which are contained in a suitably coated pair
             of measurement cells. The experiment, to be operated at the
             Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
             uses polarized 3He from an Atomic Beam Source injected into
             the superfluid 4He and transported to the measurement cells
             where it serves as a co-magnetometer. The superfluid 4He is
             also used as an insulating medium allowing significantly
             higher electric fields, compared to previous experiments, to
             be maintained across the measurement cells. These features
             provide an ultimate statistical uncertainty for the EDM of
             2-3× 10-28 e-cm, with anticipated systematic uncertainties
             below this level.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/P11017},
   Key = {fds351000}
}

@article{fds246098,
   Author = {Wang, R and Gao, H and others},
   Title = {A Practical Method to Determine the Spatial Resolution of
             GEM Detector},
   Journal = {Nucl. Inst. and Methods},
   Volume = {701},
   Pages = {54-57},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2012},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313721400008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {A new method to determine the spatial resolution of a
             one-dimensional gaseous electron multiplication (GEM)
             prototype is demonstrated via an experimental test using an
             Fe-55 source with an adjustable slit. In this method, the
             total variance of the incident position σtot2, contributed
             by the GEM spatial resolution and the geometrical acceptance
             of the slit, is presented as a function of the event rate n
             under the full energy peak, with the latter being employed
             to calibrate the square of the slit width. Using a linear
             fit to the experimental data, a spatial resolution of
             σg=56±15μm(1σ) is measured. Compared to the existing
             methods, the novel method presented here is robust
             considering the inaccuracy in the direct measurements of the
             slit widths, and hence greatly circumvents machining
             difficulties.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.078},
   Key = {fds246098}
}

@article{fds346975,
   Author = {Xiong, W and Gasparian, A and Gao, H and Dutta, D and Khandaker, M and Liyanage, N and Pasyuk, E and Peng, C and Bai, X and Ye, L and Gnanvo, K and Gu, C and Levillain, M and Yan, X and Higinbotham, DW and Meziane, M and Ye, Z and Adhikari, K and Aljawrneh, B and Bhatt, H and Bhetuwal, D and Brock, J and Burkert, V and Carlin, C and Deur, A and Di, D and Dunne, J and Ekanayaka, P and El-Fassi, L and Emmich, B and Gan, L and Glamazdin, O and Kabir, ML and Karki, A and Keith, C and Kowalski, S and Lagerquist, V and Larin, I and Liu, T and Liyanage, A and Maxwell, J and Meekins, D and Nazeer, SJ and Nelyubin, V and Nguyen, H and Pedroni, R and Perdrisat,
             C and Pierce, J and Punjabi, V and Shabestari, M and Shahinyan, A and Silwal, R and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, A and Tarasov, VV and Ton, N and Zhang, Y and Zhao, ZW},
   Title = {A small proton charge radius from an electron-proton
             scattering experiment.},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {575},
   Number = {7781},
   Pages = {147-150},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1721-2},
   Abstract = {Elastic electron-proton scattering (e-p) and the
             spectroscopy of hydrogen atoms are the two methods
             traditionally used to determine the proton charge radius,
             r<sub>p</sub>. In 2010, a new method using muonic hydrogen
             atoms<sup>1</sup> found a substantial discrepancy compared
             with previous results<sup>2</sup>, which became known as the
             'proton radius puzzle'. Despite experimental and theoretical
             efforts, the puzzle remains unresolved. In fact, there is a
             discrepancy between the two most recent spectroscopic
             measurements conducted on ordinary hydrogen<sup>3,4</sup>.
             Here we report on the proton charge radius experiment at
             Jefferson Laboratory (PRad), a high-precision e-p experiment
             that was established after the discrepancy was identified.
             We used a magnetic-spectrometer-free method along with a
             windowless hydrogen gas target, which overcame several
             limitations of previous e-p experiments and enabled
             measurements at very small forward-scattering angles. Our
             result, r<sub>p</sub> = 0.831 ± 0.007<sub>stat</sub> ±
             0.012<sub>syst</sub> femtometres, is smaller than the most
             recent high-precision e-p measurement<sup>5</sup> and 2.7
             standard deviations smaller than the average of all e-p
             experimental results<sup>6</sup>. The smaller r<sub>p</sub>
             we have now measured supports the value found by two
             previous muonic hydrogen experiments<sup>1,7</sup>. In
             addition, our finding agrees with the revised value
             (announced in 2019) for the Rydberg constant<sup>8</sup>-one
             of the most accurately evaluated fundamental constants in
             physics.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1721-2},
   Key = {fds346975}
}

@article{fds246139,
   Author = {H. Gao and Dutta, D and al, DVWE},
   Title = {A Study of the (e,e’p) reaction on 12C, 56Fe and
             197Au},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C (Rapid Communications)},
   Volume = {68},
   Pages = {021001(R)},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds246139}
}

@booklet{Oneill95,
   Author = {O'Neill, TG and Lorenzon, W and Anthony, P and Arnold, RG and Arrington,
             J and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bosted, PE and Bulten, HJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich, F and Ent, R and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Gearhart, RA and Geesaman, DF and Hansen, JO and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Jones, CE and Keppel, CE and Kinney, ER and Kuhn, S and Lee, K and Lung, A and Makins, NCR and Margaziotis, DJ and McKeown, RD and Milner, RG and Mueller, B and Napolitano, J and Nelson, J and Papavassiliou, V and Petratos, GG and Potterveld, DH and Rock, SE and Spengos, M and Szalata, ZM and Tao, LH and van Bibber, K and van den
             Brand, JFJ and White, JL and Zeidman, B},
   Title = {A-dependence of nuclear transparency in quasielastic A(e,
             ef'p) at high Q2},
   Journal = {Physics Letters B},
   Volume = {351},
   Number = {1-3},
   Pages = {87-92},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)00362-O},
   Abstract = {The A-dependence of the quasielastic A(e, ef'p) reaction has
             been studied at SLAC with 2H, C, Fe, and Au nuclei at
             momentum transfers Q2 = 1, 3, 5, and 6.8 (GeV/c)2. We
             extract the nuclear transparency T(A, Q2), a measure of the
             average probability that the struck proton escapes from the
             nucleus A without interaction. Several calculations predict
             a significant increase in T with momentum transfer, a
             phenomenon known as Color Transparency. Within the
             measurement uncertainty, no increase is seen for any of the
             nuclei studied. © 1995.},
   Doi = {10.1016/0370-2693(95)00362-O},
   Key = {Oneill95}
}

@article{fds370091,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {Accelerator Science, Technology, and Detectors Needed for a
             US-Based Electron-Ion Collider},
   Pages = {53-81},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds370091}
}

@article{fds356932,
   Author = {Zhou, J and Khachatryan, V and Gao, H and Higinbotham, DW and Parker, A and Bai, X and Dutta, D and Gasparian, A and Gnanvo, K and Khandaker, M and Liyanage, N and Pasyuk, E and Peng, C and Xiong, W},
   Title = {Advanced extraction of the deuteron charge radius from
             electron-deuteron scattering data},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {2},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {February},
   url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09003},
   Abstract = {To extract the charge radius of the proton, rp, from the
             electron scattering data, the PRad collaboration at
             Jefferson Lab has developed a rigorous framework for finding
             the best functional forms - the fitters - for a robust
             extraction of rp from a wide variety of sample functions for
             the range and uncertainties of the PRad data. In this paper
             we utilize and further develop this framework. Herein we
             discuss methods for searching for the best fitter candidates
             as well as a procedure for testing the robustness of
             extraction of the deuteron charge radius, rd, from
             parametrizations based on elastic electron-deuteron
             scattering data. The ansatz proposed in this paper for the
             robust extraction of rd, for the proposed low-Q2 DRad
             experiment at Jefferson Lab, can be further improved once
             there are more data.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.103.024002},
   Key = {fds356932}
}

@article{fds246103,
   Author = {Chen, W and Gao, H and others},
   Title = {Amplitude analysis of $\gamma n \rightarrow \pi^{-} p$ data
             above 1 GeV},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {86},
   Pages = {015206},
   Year = {2012},
   Key = {fds246103}
}

@article{fds246094,
   Author = {Chen, W and Gao, H and Briscoe, WJ and Dutta, D and Kudryavtsev, AE and Mirazita, M and Paris, MW and Rossi, P and Stepanyan, S and Strakovsky,
             II and Tarasov, VE and Workman, RL},
   Title = {Amplitude analysis of γn→π-p data above 1
             GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {1},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.015206},
   Abstract = {We report an extraction of nucleon resonance couplings using
             π- photoproduction cross sections on the neutron. The world
             database for the process γn→π-p above 1 GeV has
             quadrupled with the addition of differential cross sections
             from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at
             Jefferson Lab in Hall B. Differential cross sections from
             CLAS have been improved with a final-state interaction
             determination using a diagrammatic technique taking into
             account the NN and πN final-state interaction amplitudes.
             Resonance couplings have been extracted and compared to
             previous determinations. With the addition of these cross
             sections significant changes are seen in the high-energy
             behavior of the Scattering Analysis Interactive Dial-in
             program cross sections and amplitudes. © 2012 American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.86.015206},
   Key = {fds246094}
}

@article{fds370089,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {AN ASSESSMENT OF US-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER SCIENCE
             Conclusions and Findings},
   Pages = {119-124},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds370089}
}

@article{fds370090,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {AN ASSESSMENT OF US-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER SCIENCE
             Introduction},
   Pages = {6-22},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds370090}
}

@article{fds370092,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {AN ASSESSMENT OF US-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER SCIENCE
             Preface},
   Pages = {VII-+},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds370092}
}

@article{fds368409,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {AN ASSESSMENT OF US-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER SCIENCE
             Summary},
   Pages = {1-5},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds368409}
}

@article{fds359030,
   Author = {Accardi, A and Afanasev, A and Albayrak, I and Ali, SF and Amaryan, M and Annand, JRM and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, A and Atac, H and Avakian,
             H and Averett, T and Gayoso, CA and Bai, X and Barion, L and Battaglieri,
             M and Bellini, V and Beminiwattha, R and Benmokhtar, F and Berdnikov,
             VV and Bernauer, JC and Bertone, V and Bianconi, A and Biselli, A and Bisio, P and Blunden, P and Boer, M and Bondì, M and Brinkmann, KT and Briscoe, WJ and Burkert, V and Cao, T and Camsonne, A and Capobianco, R and Cardman, L and Carmignotto, M and Caudron, M and Causse, L and Celentano, A and Chatagnon, P and Chen, JP and Chetry, T and Ciullo, G and Cline, E and Cole, PL and Contalbrigo, M and Costantini, G and D’Angelo, A and Darmé, L and Day, D and Defurne, M and De Napoli and M and Deur, A and De Vita and R and D’Hose, N and Diehl, S and Diefenthaler, M and Dongwi, B and Dupré, R and Dutrieux, H and Dutta, D and Ehrhart, M and El
             Fassi, L and Elouadrhiri, L and Ent, R and Erler, J and Fernando, IP and Filippi, A and Flay, D and Forest, T and Fuchey, E and Fucini, S and Furletova, Y and Gao, H and Gaskell, D and Gasparian, A and Gautam, T and Girod, FX and Gnanvo, K and Grames, J and Grauvogel, GN and Gueye, P and Guidal, M and Habet, S and Hague, TJ and Hamilton, DJ and Hansen, O and Hasell, D and Hattawy, M and Higinbotham, DW and Hobart, A and Horn, T and Hyde, CE and Ibrahim, H and Ilyichev, A and Italiano, A and Joo, K and Joosten, SJ and Khachatryan, V and Kalantarians, N and Kalicy,
             G},
   Title = {An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and
             unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {57},
   Number = {8},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00564-y},
   Abstract = {Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are
             identified as important ingredients for the experimental
             programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In
             the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab
             (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential,
             tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic
             structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and
             deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of
             polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the
             nucleon enables a model independent determination of its
             electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual
             scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and
             positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different
             contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production
             of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate
             determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton
             distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational
             form factors of the energy-momentum tensor. Furthermore,
             positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of
             the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of
             a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak
             couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor
             violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an
             experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at
             JLab.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00564-y},
   Key = {fds359030}
}

@article{fds355716,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Antimatter in the proton is more down than
             up.},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {590},
   Number = {7847},
   Pages = {559-560},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00430-3},
   Doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-00430-3},
   Key = {fds355716}
}

@article{fds362668,
   Author = {Sulkosky, V and Peng, C and Chen, JP and Deur, A and Abrahamyan, S and Aniol, KA and Armstrong, DS and Averett, T and Bailey, SL and Beck, A and Bertin, P and Butaru, F and Boeglin, W and Camsonne, A and Cates, GD and Chang, CC and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Coman, L and Cornejo, JC and Craver, B and Cusanno, F and De Leo and R and de Jager, CW and Denton, JD and Dhamija, S and Feuerbach, R and Finn, JM and Frullani, S and Fuoti, K and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gayou, O and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Hansen, JO and Hayes, D and Hersman, FW and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Humensky, TB and Hyde, CE and Ibrahim, H and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Kaufman, LJ and Kelleher, A and Keister, KE and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Kolb, N and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and Lagamba, L and Lainé, V and Laveissiere, G and Lerose, JJ and Lhuillier, D and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Lu, HJ and Ma, B and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and McCormick, KR and Meziane, M and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit,
             B and Monaghan, P and Nanda, S and Niedziela, J and Niskin, M and Pandolfi,
             R and Paschke, KD and Potokar, M and Puckett, A and Punjabi, VA and Qiang,
             Y and Ransome, RD and Reitz, B and Roché, R and Saha, A and Shabetai, A and Širca, S and Singh, JT and Slifer, K and Snyder, R and Solvignon, P and Stringer, R and Subedi, R and Tobias, WA and Ton, N and Ulmer, PE and Urciuoli, GM and Vacheret, A and Voutier, E},
   Title = {Author Correction: Measurement of the generalized spin
             polarizabilities of the neutron in the low-Q 2
             region (Nature Physics, (2021), 17, 6, (687-692),
             10.1038/s41567-021-01245-9)},
   Journal = {Nature Physics},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {473},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01569-0},
   Abstract = {In the version of this article initially published,
             Stephanie L. Bailey’s name was listed as Stephen J.
             Bailey. The author’s name has been corrected in the HTML
             and PDF versions of the article.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41567-022-01569-0},
   Key = {fds362668}
}

@article{fds315781,
   Author = {Gao, GLEAIH and Howell, CR},
   Title = {Backward Electroproduction of pi0 Mesons on Protons in the
             Region of Nucleon Resonances at Four Momentum Transfer
             Squared Q2 = 1.0 GeV2},
   Journal = {Phy. Rev. C},
   Volume = {69},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {45203},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000221427500055&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Exclusive electroproduction of π0 mesons on protons in the
             backward hemisphere has been studied at Q2 = 1.0 GeV2 by
             detecting protons in the forward direction in coincidence
             with scattered electrons from the 4 GeV electron beam in
             Jefferson Lab's Hall A. The data span the range of the total
             (γ*p) center-of-mass energy W from the pion production
             threshold to W=2.0 GeV. The differential cross sections σT+
             εσL, σTL, and σTT were separated from the azimuthal
             distribution and are presented together with the MAID and
             SAID parametrizations.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.69.045203},
   Key = {fds315781}
}

@article{fds246052,
   Author = {al, JAE},
   Title = {Basic Instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson
             Lab},
   Journal = {Nucl. Instrum. & Meth.},
   Volume = {A522},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {294},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.415},
   Abstract = {The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson
             National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-
             and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good
             momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the
             reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two
             identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the
             vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a
             momentum resolution of better than 2×10-4. A variety of
             Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass
             calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The
             facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well
             in excess of 1038 cm-2 s-1. The research program is aimed at
             a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure
             functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the
             nuclear medium. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.415},
   Key = {fds246052}
}

@article{fds246189,
   Author = {H. Gao and Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz,
             JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov, A and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun,
             B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Cadman, RV and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Dalpiaz, PF and de Sanctis, E and de
             Schepper, D and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts and PKA and di Nezza, P and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick, D and Fiedler, K and Filippone,
             BW and Fischer, H and Fox, B and Franz, J and Frabetti, S and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi,
             F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Giordjian, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Gute, A and Haeberli, W and Hansen,
             JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Henderson, R and Henkes, T and Henoch,
             M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt, RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen,
             H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Kobayashi, H and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster, H and Korotkov, V and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krivokhijine,
             VG},
   Title = {Beam-Induced Nuclear Depolarization in a Gaseous
             Polarized-Hydrogen Target},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1164-1168},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1164},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1164},
   Key = {fds246189}
}

@article{fds246100,
   Author = {Gao, JHEAIH},
   Title = {Beam-Target Double Spin Asymmetry $A_{LT}$ in Charged Pion
             Production from Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely
             Polarized $^3$He Target at 1.4},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {108},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {052001},
   Year = {2012},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5720 Duke open
             access},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry
             A{LT} for charged pion electroproduction in semi-inclusive
             deep-inelastic electron scattering on a transversely
             polarized {3}He target. The kinematics focused on the
             valence quark region, 0.16<x<0.35 with 1.4<Q{2}<2.7  GeV{2}.
             The corresponding neutron A{LT} asymmetries were extracted
             from the measured {3}He asymmetries and proton over {3}He
             cross section ratios using the effective polarization
             approximation. These new data probe the transverse momentum
             dependent parton distribution function g{1T}{q} and
             therefore provide access to quark spin-orbit correlations.
             Our results indicate a positive azimuthal asymmetry for
             π{-} production on {3}He and the neutron, while our π{+}
             asymmetries are consistent with zero.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.108.052001},
   Key = {fds246100}
}

@article{fds246160,
   Author = {Geis, E and Kohl, M and Ziskin, V and Akdogan, T and Arenhövel, H and Alarcon, R and Bertozzi, W and Booth, E and Botto, T and Calarco, J and Clasie, B and Crawford, CB and DeGrush, A and Donnelly, TW and Dow, K and Farkhondeh, M and Fatemi, R and Filoti, O and Franklin, W and Gao, H and Gilad, S and Hasell, D and Karpius, P and Kolster, H and Lee, T and Maschinot, A and Matthews, J and McIlhany, K and Meitanis, N and Milner,
             RG and Rapaport, J and Redwine, RP and Seely, J and Shinozaki, A and Sirca,
             S and Sindile, A and Six, E and Smith, T and Steadman, M and Tonguc, B and Tschalaer, C and Tsentalovich, E and Turchinetz, W and Xiao, Y and Xu,
             W and Zhang, C and Zhou, Z and Zwart, T and BLAST Collaboration},
   Title = {Charge form factor of the neutron at low momentum transfer
             from the 2H-->(e-->,e'n)1H reaction.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {101},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {042501},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.101.042501},
   Abstract = {We report new measurements of the neutron charge form factor
             at low momentum transfer using quasielastic
             electrodisintegration of the deuteron. Longitudinally
             polarized electrons at an energy of 850 MeV were scattered
             from an isotopically pure, highly polarized deuterium gas
             target. The scattered electrons and coincident neutrons were
             measured by the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid
             (BLAST) detector. The neutron form factor ratio GEn/GMn was
             extracted from the beam-target vector asymmetry AedV at
             four-momentum transfers Q2=0.14, 0.20, 0.29, and 0.42
             (GeV/c)2.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.101.042501},
   Key = {fds246160}
}

@article{fds246072,
   Author = {Chen, W and Gao, H},
   Title = {Charged pion photoproduction},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {1182},
   Pages = {851-854},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0094-243X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3293942},
   Abstract = {We extracted the differential cross section for the γn →
             π- p process from a deuterium target using the CLAS
             detector at Jefferson Lab in Hall B for photon energies
             between 1.0 and 3.5 GeV and pion center-of-mass (c.m.)
             angles (θc.m.) between 50° and 115°. We confirm a
             previous indication of a broad enhancement around a cm.
             energy (√s) of 2.1 GeV at θc.m. =90° in the scaled
             differential cross section, s7 σ/dt and a rapid fall-off in
             a center-of-mass energy region of about 400 MeV following
             the enhancement. Our data show an angular dependence of this
             enhancement as the suggested scaling region is approached
             for θc.m. from 70° to 105°. © 2009 American Institute of
             Physics.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.3293942},
   Key = {fds246072}
}

@article{fds246045,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Charged pion photoproduction from hydrogen and deuterium at
             Jefferson Lab},
   Journal = {Modern Physics Letters A},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2-6},
   Pages = {215-224},
   Publisher = {World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217732303010260},
   Abstract = {The γn → π-p and γp → π+n reactions are essential
             probes of the transition from meson-nucleon degrees of
             freedom to quark-gluon degrees of freedom in exclusive
             processes. The cross sections of these processes are also
             advantageous, for the investigation of oscillatory behavior
             around the quark counting prediction, since they decrease
             relatively slower with energy compared with other
             photon-induced processes. Moreover, these photoreactions in
             nuclei can probe the QCD nuclear filtering and color
             transparency effects. In this talk, I discuss the
             preliminary results on the γp → π+n and γn → π-p
             processes at a center-of-mass angle of 90° from Jefferson
             Lab experiment E94-104. I also discuss a new experiment in
             which singles γn → π-p measurement from hydrogen, and
             coincidence γn → π-p measurements at the quasifree
             kinematics from deuterium and 12C for photon energies
             between 2.25 GeV to 5.8 GeV in fine steps at a
             center-of-mass angle of 90° are planned. The proposed
             measurement will allow a detailed investigation of the
             oscillatory scaling behavior in photopion production
             processes and the study of the nuclear dependence of rather
             mysterious oscillations with energy that previous
             experiments have indicated. The various nuclear and
             perturbative QCD approaches, ranging from Glauber theory, to
             quark-counting, to Sudakov-corrected independent scattering,
             make dramatically different predictions for the experimental
             outcomes.},
   Doi = {10.1142/S0217732303010260},
   Key = {fds246045}
}

@article{fds346398,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Closing remarks at spin 2018 symposium},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {346},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {In this closing talk, I offer some personal reflection in
             the context of spin symposia on its global nature, its
             impact and also on the diverse spin related topics in
             various sub-fields of physics from some of the most recent
             symposia. Since the last Spin Symposium in 2016, there have
             been major developments worldwide on electron-ion colliders,
             which I also discuss briefly. Finally it is my pleasure to
             unveil where the next Spin Physics Symposium (Spin 2020)
             will take place.},
   Key = {fds346398}
}

@article{fds246124,
   Author = {Mibe, T and Gao, H and al, E},
   Title = {Coherent Phi-meson Photoproduction on Deuteron at Low
             Energies},
   Journal = {Physical Review C (Rapid Communications)},
   Volume = {76},
   Pages = {052202R},
   Year = {2007},
   Key = {fds246124}
}

@article{fds246144,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, DGME},
   Title = {Coherent pi0 photoproduction on the deuteron upto 4
             GeV},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {052201},
   Year = {1999},
   Abstract = {The differential cross section for 2H(γ,d)π0 has been
             measured at deuteron center-of-mass angles of 90° and
             136°. This work reports the first data for this reaction
             above a photon energy of 1 GeV, and permits a test of the
             apparent constituent counting rule and reduced nuclear
             amplitude behavior as observed in elastic ed scattering.
             Measurements were performed up to a photon energy of 4.0
             GeV, and are in good agreement with previous lower energy
             measurements. Overall, the data are inconsistent with both
             constituent-counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude
             predictions.},
   Key = {fds246144}
}

@article{fds337294,
   Author = {Meekins, DG and Abbott, DJ and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Baker, OK and Barrow, SP and Beatty,
             DP and Beck, DH and Beedoe, SY and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bochna, C and Bosted, PE and Brash, EJ and Breuer, H and Cadman, RV and Cardman, L and Carlini, RD and Cha, J and Chant, NS and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Duncan, FA and Dunne, JA and Dutta,
             D and Eden, T and Ent, R and Filippone, BW and Forest, TA and Fortune, HT and Frolov, VV and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gilman, R and Gueye, PLJ and Gustafsson, KK and Hansen, JO and Harvey, M and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Keppel, CE and Khandaker, MA and Kinney, ER and Klein,
             A and Koltenuk, DM and Kumbartzki, G and Lung, AF and Mack, DJ and Madey,
             R and Markowitz, P and McFarlane, KW and McKeown, RD and Meziani, ZE and Miller, MA and Mitchell, JH and Mkrtchyan, HG and Mohring, RM and Napolitano, J and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O’Neill, TG and Owen, BR and Pate, SF and Potterveld, DH and Price,
             JW and Rakness, GL and Ransome, RD and Reinhold, J and Rutt, PM and Salgado, CW and Savage, G and Segel, RE and Simicevic, N and Stoler, P and Suleiman, R and Tang, L and Terburg, BP and van Westrum, D and Vulcan,
             WF and Williamson, SE and Witkowski, MT and Wood, SA and Yan, C and Zeidman, B},
   Title = {Coherent [Formula Presented] photoproduction on the deuteron
             up to 4 GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {4},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.052201},
   Abstract = {The differential cross section for [Formula Presented] has
             been measured at deuteron center-of-mass angles of 90° and
             136°. This work reports the first data for this reaction
             above a photon energy of 1 GeV, and permits a test of the
             apparent constituent counting rule and reduced nuclear
             amplitude behavior as observed in elastic ed scattering.
             Measurements were performed up to a photon energy of 4.0
             GeV, and are in good agreement with previous lower energy
             measurements. Overall, the data are inconsistent with both
             constituent-counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude
             predictions. © 1999 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.60.052201},
   Key = {fds337294}
}

@article{fds304543,
   Author = {Meekins, DG and Abbott, DJ and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Baker, OK and Barrow, SP and Beatty,
             DP and Beck, DH and Beedoe, SY and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bochna, C and Bosted, PE and Brash, EJ and Breuer, H and Cadman, RV and Cardman, L and Carlini, RD and Cha, J and Chant, NS and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Duncan, FA and Dunne, JA and Dutta,
             D and Eden, T and Ent, R and Filippone, BW and Forest, TA and Fortune, HT and Frolov, VV and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gilman, R and Gueye, PLJ and Gustafsson, KK and Hansen, JO and Harvey, M and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Keppel, CE and Khandaker, MA and Kinney, ER and Klein,
             A and Koltenuk, DM and Kumbartzki, G and Lung, AF and Mack, DJ and Madey,
             R and Markowitz, P and McFarlane, KW and McKeown, RD and Meziani, ZE and Miller, MA and Mitchell, JH and Mkrtchyan, HG and Mohring, RM and Napolitano, J and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Owen, BR and Pate, SF and Potterveld, DH and Price, JW and Rakness, GL and Ransome, RD and Reinhold, J and Rutt, PM and Salgado,
             CW and Savage, G and Segel, RE and Simicevic, N and Stoler, P and Suleiman,
             R and Tang, L and Terburg, BP and Van Westrum and D and Vulcan, WF and Williamson, SE and Witkowski, MT and Wood, SA and Yan, C and Zeidman,
             B},
   Title = {Coherent π0 photoproduction on the deuteron up
             to 4 GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {522011-522014},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.60.052201},
   Abstract = {The differential cross section for 2H(γ,d)π0 has been
             measured at deuteron center-of-mass angles of 90° and
             136°. This work reports the first data for this reaction
             above a photon energy of 1 GeV, and permits a test of the
             apparent constituent counting rule and reduced nuclear
             amplitude behavior as observed in elastic ed scattering.
             Measurements were performed up to a photon energy of 4.0
             GeV, and are in good agreement with previous lower energy
             measurements. Overall, the data are inconsistent with both
             constituent-counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude
             predictions.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.60.052201},
   Key = {fds304543}
}

@article{fds368411,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {Comparison of a US-Based Electron-Ion Collider to Current
             and Future Facilities},
   Pages = {82-104},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds368411}
}

@article{fds246123,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, ADE},
   Title = {Compton Scattering Cross Section on the Proton at High
             Momentum Transfer},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Letts.},
   Volume = {98},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {152001},
   Year = {2007},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.152001},
   Abstract = {Cross-section values for Compton scattering on the proton
             were measured at 25 kinematic settings over the range s=5-11
             and -t=2-7 GeV2 with a statistical accuracy of a few
             percent. The scaling power for the s dependence of the cross
             section at fixed center-of-mass angle was found to be
             8.0+/-0.2, strongly inconsistent with the prediction of
             perturbative QCD. The observed cross-section values are in
             fair agreement with the calculations using the handbag
             mechanism, in which the external photons couple to a single
             quark.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.98.152001},
   Key = {fds246123}
}

@article{fds330707,
   Author = {Sikora, MH and Ahmed, MW and Banu, A and Bartram, C and Crowe, B and Downie, EJ and Feldman, G and Gao, H and Grießhammer, HW and Hao, H and Howell, CR and Karwowski, HJ and Kendellen, DP and Kovash, MA and Li, X and Markoff, DM and Mikhailov, S and Popov, V and Pywell, RE and Silano, JA and Spraker, MC and Wallace, P and Weller, HR and Whisnant, CS and Wu, YK and Xiong, W and Yan, X and Zhao, ZW},
   Title = {Compton scattering from 4He at 61 MeV},
   Journal = {PRC},
   Volume = {96},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {055209-055209},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.055209},
   Abstract = {Differential cross sections for elastic Compton scattering
             from He4 have been measured with high statistical precision
             at the High Intensity γ-ray Source at laboratory scattering
             angles of 55°, 90°, and 125° using a quasi-monoenergetic
             photon beam with a weighted mean energy value of 81.3 MeV.
             The results are compared to previous measurements and
             similar fore-aft asymmetry in the angular distribution of
             the differential cross sections is observed. This
             experimental work is expected to strongly motivate the
             development of effective-field-theory calculations of
             Compton scattering from He4 to fully interpret the
             data.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.96.055209},
   Key = {fds330707}
}

@article{fds360276,
   Author = {Li, X and Ahmed, MW and Banu, A and Bartram, C and Crowe, B and Downie, EJ and Emamian, M and Feldman, G and Gao, H and Godagama, D and Grießhammer,
             HW and Howell, CR and Karwowski, HJ and Kendellen, DP and Kovash, MA and Leung, KKH and Markoff, D and Mikhailov, S and Pywell, RE and Sikora,
             MH and Silano, JA and Sosa, RS and Spraker, MC and Swift, G and Wallace, P and Weller, HR and Whisnant, CS and Wu, YK and Zhao, ZW},
   Title = {Compton scattering from 4He at the TUNL HIγS
             facility},
   Journal = {PRC},
   Volume = {101},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {034618-034618},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.034618},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.101.034618},
   Key = {fds360276}
}

@article{fds331384,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Compton scattering from a high pressure polarized He-3
             target at HI gamma S},
   Journal = {CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS},
   Volume = {56},
   Pages = {C323-C328},
   Publisher = {INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds331384}
}

@article{fds304557,
   Author = {al, LYZE},
   Title = {Cross section Measurements of Charged Pion Photoproduction
             in hydrogen and deuterium from 1.1 to 5.5
             GeV},
   Journal = {Phys Rev. C},
   Volume = {71},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {044603},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2005},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.044603},
   Abstract = {The differential cross sections for the γn → π-p and the
             γp → π+n processes were measured at Jefferson Lab. The
             photon energies ranged from 1.1 to 5.5 GeV, corresponding to
             center-of-mass energies from 1.7 to 3.4 GeV. The pion
             center-of-mass angles varied from 50° to 110°. The π- and
             π+ photoproduction data both exhibit a global scaling
             behavior at high energies and high transverse momenta,
             consistent with the constituent counting rule prediction and
             the existing π+ data. The data suggest possible
             substructure of the scaling behavior, which might be
             oscillations around the scaling value. The data show an
             enhancement in the scaled cross section at center-of-mass
             energy near 2.2 GeV The differential cross section ratios
             [dσ/dt(γn → π-p)/dσ/dt(γp → π+n)] at high energies
             and high transverse momenta can be described by calculations
             based on one-hard-gluon-exchange diagrams. ©2005 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.71.044603},
   Key = {fds304557}
}

@article{fds246141,
   Author = {H. Gao and Gao, LYZEAIH},
   Title = {Cross Section Measurements of Charged Pion Photoproduction
             in Hydrogen},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {71},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {044603},
   Year = {2005},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.044603},
   Abstract = {The differential cross sections for the γn → π
             -p and the γp → π +n processes were measured
             at Jefferson Lab. The photon energies ranged from 1.1 to 5.5
             GeV, corresponding to center-of-mass energies from 1.7 to
             3.4 GeV. The pion center-of-mass angles varied from 50°
             to 110°. The π - and π + photoproduction data
             both exhibit a global scaling behavior at high energies and
             high transverse momenta, consistent with the constituent
             counting rule prediction and the existing π + data. The
             data suggest possible substructure of the scaling behavior,
             which might be oscillations around the scaling value. The
             data show an enhancement in the scaled cross section at
             center-of-mass energy near 2.2 GeV The differential cross
             section ratios [dσ/dt(γn → π
             -p)/dσ/dt(γp → π +n)] at high energies and
             high transverse momenta can be described by calculations
             based on one-hard-gluon-exchange diagrams. ©2005 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.71.044603},
   Key = {fds246141}
}

@article{fds246202,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, LYZE},
   Title = {Cross-section measurement of charged-pion photoproduction
             from hydrogen and deuterium},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {91},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {022003},
   Year = {2003},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.91.022003},
   Abstract = {We have measured the differential cross section for the
             gamman-->pi(-)p and gammap-->pi(+)n reactions at
             theta(c.m.)=90 degrees in the photon energy range from 1.1
             to 5.5 GeV at Jefferson Lab (JLab). The data at E(gamma)
             greater, similar 3.3 GeV exhibit a global scaling behavior
             for both pi(-) and pi(+) photoproduction, consistent with
             the constituent counting rule and the existing pi(+)
             photoproduction data. Possible oscillations around the
             scaling value are suggested by these new data. The data show
             enhancement in the scaled cross section at a center-of-mass
             energy near 2.2 GeV. The cross section ratio of exclusive
             pi(-) to pi(+) photoproduction at high energy is consistent
             with the prediction based on one-hard-gluon-exchange
             diagrams.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.91.022003},
   Key = {fds246202}
}

@article{fds246171,
   Author = {H. Gao and Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Akushevich, I and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Barrow, S and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann,
             M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blanchard, S and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov,
             A and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Cadman, R and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Dal Piaz and PF and Delheij, PPJ and de Sanctis, E and de Schepper, D and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts and PKA and di Nezza, P and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Ely, J and Emerson, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick, D and Fiedler, K and Filippone,
             BW and Fischer, H and Fortune, HT and Fox, B and Frabetti, S and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian, P and Gao,
             H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Gyurjyan, V and Golendoukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Guidal, MG and Gute, A and Haas, JP and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Heinsius, FH and Henderson, R and Henkes,
             T and Henoch, M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt, RJ and Hoprich,
             W and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaiser, R},
   Title = {Determination of the deep inelastic contribution to the
             generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the proton
             and neutron},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {444},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {531-538},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01396-3},
   Abstract = {The virtual photon absorption cross section differences
             [σ1/2 - σ3/2] for the proton and neutron have been
             determined from measurements of polarised cross section
             asymmetries in deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV
             longitudinally polarised positrons from polarised 1H and 3He
             internal gas targets. The data were collected in the region
             above the nucleon resonances in the kinematic range v< 23.5
             GeV and 0.8 GeV2 < Q2 < 12 GeV2. For the proton the
             contribution to the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
             integral was found to be substantial and must be included
             for an accurate determination of the full integral.
             Furthermore the data are consistent with a QCD
             next-to-leading order fit based on previous deep inelastic
             scattering data. Therefore higher twist effects do not
             appear significant. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01396-3},
   Key = {fds246171}
}

@article{fds370088,
   Author = {Duran, B and Meziani, Z-E and Joosten, S and Jones, MK and Prasad, S and Peng, C and Armstrong, W and Atac, H and Chudakov, E and Bhatt, H and Bhetuwal, D and Boer, M and Camsonne, A and Chen, J-P and Dalton, MM and Deokar, N and Diefenthaler, M and Dunne, J and El Fassi and L and Fuchey,
             E and Gao, H and Gaskell, D and Hansen, O and Hauenstein, F and Higinbotham, D and Jia, S and Karki, A and Keppel, C and King, P and Ko,
             HS and Li, X and Li, R and Mack, D and Malace, S and McCaughan, M and McClellan, RE and Michaels, R and Meekins, D and Paolone, M and Pentchev, L and Pooser, E and Puckett, A and Radloff, R and Rehfuss, M and Reimer, PE and Riordan, S and Sawatzky, B and Smith, A and Sparveris, N and Szumila-Vance, H and Wood, S and Xie, J and Ye, Z and Yero, C and Zhao,
             Z},
   Title = {Determining the gluonic gravitational form factors of the
             proton.},
   Journal = {Nature},
   Volume = {615},
   Number = {7954},
   Pages = {813-816},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05730-4},
   Abstract = {The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible
             matter in the Universe<sup>1</sup>. Among its intrinsic
             properties are its electric charge, mass and
             spin<sup>2</sup>. These properties emerge from the complex
             dynamics of its fundamental constituents-quarks and
             gluons-described by the theory of quantum
             chromodynamics<sup>3-5</sup>. The electric charge and spin
             of protons, which are shared among the quarks, have been
             investigated previously using electron scattering<sup>2</sup>.
             An example is the highly precise measurement of the electric
             charge radius of the proton<sup>6</sup>. By contrast, little
             is known about the inner mass density of the proton, which
             is dominated by the energy carried by gluons. Gluons are
             hard to access using electron scattering because they do not
             carry an electromagnetic charge. Here we investigated the
             gravitational density of gluons using a small colour dipole,
             through the threshold photoproduction of the J/ψ particle.
             We determined the gluonic gravitational form factors of the
             proton<sup>7,8</sup> from our measurement. We used a
             variety of models<sup>9-11</sup> and determined, in all
             cases, a mass radius that is notably smaller than the
             electric charge radius. In some, but not all cases,
             depending on the model, the determined radius agrees well
             with first-principle predictions from lattice quantum
             chromodynamics<sup>12</sup>. This work paves the way for a
             deeper understanding of the salient role of gluons in
             providing gravitational mass to visible matter.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41586-023-05730-4},
   Key = {fds370088}
}

@article{fds333213,
   Author = {Zhao, YX and Allada, K and Aniol, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Bradshaw, PC and Bosted, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chen,
             W and Chirapatpimol, K and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Cornejo, JC and Cusanno, F and Dalton, M and Deconinck, W and De Jager and CW and De Leo,
             R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Ding, H and Dolph, PAM and Dutta, C and Dutta,
             D and El Fassi and L and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gaskell,
             D and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Guo, L and Hamilton, D and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Huang, M and Ibrahim, HF and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Jin,
             G and Jones, MK and Katich, J and Kelleher, A and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Lerose, JJ and Li, X and Li, Y and Lindgren, R and Liyanage,
             N and Long, E and Lu, HJ and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and Marrone,
             S and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Muñoz
             Camacho, C and Nanda, S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Oh,
             Y and Osipenko, M and Parno, D and Peng, JC and Phillips, SK and Posik, M and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome, R and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schulte, E and Shahinyan, A and Shabestari, MH and Širca, S and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tang, LG and Tobias, WA and Urciuoli, GM and Vilardi,
             I},
   Title = {Double spin asymmetries of inclusive hadron
             electroproduction from a transversely polarized He 3
             target},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {1},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.015207},
   Abstract = {We report the measurement of beam-target double spin
             asymmetries (A LT) in the inclusive production of identified
             hadrons, e + 3 He → h + X, using a longitudinally
             polarized 5.9-GeV electron beam and a transversely polarized
             He 3 target. Hadrons (π ±, K ±, and proton) were detected
             at 16 with an average momentum P h = 2.35 GeV/c and a
             transverse momentum (p T) coverage from 0.60 to 0.68 GeV/c.
             Asymmetries from the He 3 target were observed to be nonzero
             for π ± production when the target was polarized
             transversely in the horizontal plane. The π + and π -
             asymmetries have opposite signs, analogous to the behavior
             of A LT in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic
             scattering.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.92.015207},
   Key = {fds333213}
}

@article{fds246022,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Effective neutron targets},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
   Volume = {631},
   Pages = {170-189},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(98)00022-0},
   Abstract = {Because of the lack of a free neutron target, deuterium
             targets have been used extensively in studying the neutron
             structure. The unique spin structure of the 3He ground state
             wave function and the recent developments in laser
             technologies made polarized 3He targets widely used in many
             experiments from neutron electromagnetic form factor studies
             to nucleon spin structure function measurements at all major
             electron accelerator facilities. In this talk, the current
             status of the polarized 3He targets will be reviewed. I will
             focus on neutron electromagnetic form factor studies using
             polarized 3He targets. The polarized nucleon spin structure
             function measurements using polarized 3He targets will also
             be discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/s0375-9474(98)00022-0},
   Key = {fds246022}
}

@article{fds357239,
   Author = {Hague, TJ and Dutta, D and Higinbotham, DW and Bai, X and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Gnanvo, K and Khachatryan, V and Khandaker, M and Liyanage, N and Pasyuk, E and Peng, C and Xiong, W and Zhou,
             J},
   Title = {Elastic positron–proton scattering at low Q
             2},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {57},
   Number = {6},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00508-6},
   Abstract = {Systematic differences in the the proton’s charge radius,
             as determined by ordinary atoms and muonic atoms, have
             caused a resurgence of interest in elastic lepton scattering
             measurements. The proton’s charge radius, defined as the
             slope of the charge form factor at Q2 = 0, does not depend
             on the probe. Any difference in the apparent size of the
             proton, when determined from ordinary versus muonic
             hydrogen, could point to new physics or need for the higher
             order corrections. While recent measurements seem to now be
             in agreement, there is to date no high precision elastic
             scattering data with both electrons and positrons. A high
             precision proton radius measurement could be performed in
             Hall B at Jefferson Lab with a positron beam and the
             calorimeter based setup of the PRad experiment. This
             measurement could also be extended to deuterons where a
             similar discrepancy has been observed between the muonic and
             electronic determination of deuteron charge radius. A new,
             high precision measurement with positrons, when viewed
             alongside electron scattering measurements and the
             forthcoming MUSE muon scattering measurement, could help
             provide new insights into the origins of the proton radius
             puzzle, and also provide new experimental constraints on
             radiative correction calculations.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00508-6},
   Key = {fds357239}
}

@article{fds344652,
   Author = {Accardi, A and Albacete, JL and Anselmino, M and Armesto, N and Aschenauer, EC and Bacchetta, A and Boer, D and Brooks, WK and Burton,
             T and Chang, NB and Deng, WT and Deshpande, A and Diehl, M and Dumitru, A and Dupré, R and Ent, R and Fazio, S and Gao, H and Guzey, V and Hakobyan, H and Hao, Y and Hasch, D and Holt, R and Horn, T and Huang, M and Hutton, A and Hyde, C and Jalilian-Marian, J and Klein, S and Kopeliovich, B and Kovchegov, Y and Kumar, K and Kumerički, K and Lamont, MAC and Lappi,
             T and Lee, JH and Lee, Y and Levin, EM and Lin, FL and Litvinenko, V and Ludlam, TW and Marquet, C and Meziani, ZE and McKeown, R and Metz, A and Milner, R and Morozov, VS and Mueller, AH and Müller, B and Müller, D and Nadel-Turonski, P and Paukkunen, H and Prokudin, A and Ptitsyn, V and Qian, X and Qiu, JW and Ramsey-Musolf, M and Roser, T and Sabatié, F and Sassot, R and Schnell, G and Schweitzer, P and Sichtermann, E and Stratmann, M and Strikman, M and Sullivan, M and Taneja, S and Toll, T and Trbojevic, D and Ullrich, T and Venugopalan, R and Vigdor, S and Vogelsang, W and Weiss, C and Xiao, BW and Yuan, F and Zhang, YH and Zheng,
             L},
   Title = {Electron-Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier: Understanding
             the glue that binds us all},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {52},
   Number = {9},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2016-16268-9},
   Abstract = {This White Paper presents the science case of an
             Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the structure and
             interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to
             articulate it to the broader nuclear science community. It
             was commissioned by the managements of Brookhaven National
             Laboratory (BNL) and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
             Facility (JLab) with the objective of presenting a summary
             of scientific opportunities and goals of the EIC as a
             follow-up to the 2007 NSAC Long Range plan. This document is
             a culmination of a community-wide effort in nuclear science
             following a series of workshops on EIC physics over the past
             decades and, in particular, the focused ten-week program on
             “Gluons and quark sea at high energies” at the Institute
             for Nuclear Theory in Fall 2010. It contains a brief
             description of a few golden physics measurements along with
             accelerator and detector concepts required to achieve them.
             It has been benefited profoundly from inputs by the users’
             communities of BNL and JLab. This White Paper offers the
             promise to propel the QCD science program in the US,
             established with the CEBAF accelerator at JLab and the RHIC
             collider at BNL, to the next QCD frontier.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/i2016-16268-9},
   Key = {fds344652}
}

@article{fds246033,
   Author = {Reinhold, J and Abbott, D and Ahmidouch, A and Ambrozewicz, P and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Assamagan, K and Avery, S and Bailey, K and Baker, OK and Beedoe, S and Bitao, H and Boeglin, W and Breuer, H and Brown, DS and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Chant,
             N and Christy, E and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Crowder, J and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Dohrmann, F and Duncan, F and Dunne, J and Dutta, D and Eden, T and Elaasar, M and Ent, R and Ewell, L and Fenker, H and Fortune, HT and Fujii, Y and Gan, L and Gao, H and Garrow, K and Geesaman, DF and Gueye, P and Gustafsson, K and Hafidi, K and Hansen, JO and Hinton, W and Jackson, HE and Juengst, H and Keppel, C and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Liang, Y and Liu, JH and Lung, A and Mack, D and Madey, R and Markowitz, P and Martoff, CJ and Meekins, D and Mitchell,
             J and Miyoshi, T and Mkrtchyan, H and Mohring, R and Mtingwa, SK and Mueller, B and O'Neill, TG and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Raue, BA and Reimer, PE and Roche, J and Roos, P and Sarsour, M and Sato, Y and Savage, G and Sawafta, R and Schiffer, JP and Segel, RE and Semenov, A and Stepanyan, S and Tadevosian, V and Tajima, S and Tang, L and Terburg, B and Uzzle, A and Wood, S and Yamaguchi, H and Yan, C and Yuan, L and Zeidman, B and Zeier,
             M and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {Electroproduction of kaons and light hypernuclei},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
   Volume = {684},
   Number = {1-4},
   Pages = {470-474},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0375-9474},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00509-7},
   Abstract = {Kaon electroproduction on hydrogen, deuterium and helium
             targets has been measured at a beam energy of 3.245 GeV and
             four-momentum transfer, Q2, ranging from 0.34 to 0.5 GeV2.
             Associated hyperon production off a nucleon in the deuteron
             exhibits a quasifree production mechanism. Excess yield
             close to the respective thresholds for Λ and Σ production
             is observed. This can be accounted for by final-state
             interaction between the electroproduced hyperon and the
             spectator nucleon. The effects predicted from three
             different hyperon-nucleon potentials are compared to the
             data. The measurement on the helium targets is the first
             ever performed. Very preliminary results are
             presented.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00509-7},
   Key = {fds246033}
}

@article{fds246035,
   Author = {Zeidman, B and Abbott, D and Ahmidouch, A and Ambrozewicz, P and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Assamagan, K and Avery, S and Bailey, K and Baker, OK and Beedoe, S and Bitao, H and Breuer,
             H and Brown, DS and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Chant, N and Christy, E and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Crowder, J and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Dohrmann, F and Duncan, F and Dunne,
             J and Dutta, D and Eden, T and Elaasar, M and Ent, R and Ewell, L and Fenker,
             H and Fortune, HT and Fujii, Y and Gan, L and Gao, H and Garrow, K and Geesaman, DF and Gueye, P and Gustafsson, K and Hafidi, K and Hansen,
             JO and Hinton, W and Jackson, HE and Juengst, H and Keppel, C and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Liang, Y and Liu, JH and Lung, A and Mack, D and Madey, R and Markowitz, P and Martoff, CJ and Meekins, D and Mitchell, J and Miyoshi,
             T and Mkrtchyan, H and Mohring, R and Mtingwa, SK and Mueller, B and O'Neill, TG and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Raue, BA and Reimer, PE and Reinhold, J and Roche, J and Roos, P and Sarsour, M and Sato, Y and Savage, G and Sawafta, R and Schiffer, JP and Segel, RE and Semenov, A and Stepanyan, S and Tadevosian, V and Tajima, S and Tang, L and Terburg, B and Uzzle, A and Wood, S and Yamaguchi, H and Yan, C and Yuan, L and Zeier, M and Zihlmann,
             B},
   Title = {Electroproduction of kaons on light nuclei},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
   Volume = {691},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {37-42},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00999-X},
   Abstract = {The A(e,e'Κ+)YX reaction on H, D, 3He, and 4He was
             investigated in Hall C at CE-BAF. Data were obtained for Q2
             ≈ 0.35 and 0.5 GeV2 at 3.245 GeV. The missing mass spectra
             for both H and D are fitted with Monte-Carlo simulations
             incorporating peaks corresponding to Λ production on the
             proton and Σ production on both the proton and neutron. For
             D, the cross section ratio Σ0/Σ- ≈ 2, and excess yield
             close to the thresholds for Λ and Σ production can be
             attributed to final-state interactions; models are compared
             to the data. The analysis of the data for the He targets is
             in a more preliminary state with broader quasi-free peaks
             resulting from the higher Fermi momenta. Evidence for bound
             Λ-hypernuclear states is seen and other structure may be
             present.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00999-X},
   Key = {fds246035}
}

@article{fds246062,
   Author = {Dohrmann, F and Abbott, D and Ahmidouch, A and Ambrozewicz, P and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Assamagan, K and Avery, S and Bailey, K and Beedoe, S and Bitao, H and Breuer, H and Brown,
             DS and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Chant, N and Christy, E and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Crowder, J and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Duncan, F and Dunne, J and Dutta, D and Eden, T and Elaasar, M and Ent, R and Ewell, L and Fenker, H and Fortune, HT and Fujii,
             Y and Gan, L and Gao, H and Garrow, K and Geesaman, DF and Gueye, P and Gustafsson, K and Hafidi, K and Hansen, JO and Hinton, W and Jackson,
             HE and Juengst, H and Keppel, C and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Liang, Y and Liu, JH and Lung, A and MacK, D and Madey, R and Markowitz, P and Martoff,
             CJ and Meekins, D and Mitchell, J and Miyoshi, T and Mkrtchyan, H and Mohring, R and Mtingwa, SK and Mueller, B and O'Neill, TG and Niculescu,
             G and Niculescu, I and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Raue, BA and Reimer,
             PE and Reinhold, J and Roche, J and Roos, P and Sarsour, M and Sato, Y and Savage, G and Sawafta, R and Segel, RE and Semenov, AY and Stepanyan, S and Tadevosian, V and Tajima, S and Tang, L and Terburg, B and Uzzle, A and Wood, S and Yamaguchi, H and Yan, C and Yuan, L and Zeier, M and Zeidman,
             B and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {Electroproduction of strangeness on Λ3,4H
             bound states on Helium},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {768},
   Pages = {294-296},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0094-243X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1932939},
   Abstract = {The A(e,e′K +)X reaction has been investigated at
             Jefferson Laboratory. Data were taken for Q 2 ≈ 0.35 GeV 2
             at a beam energy of 3.245 GeV for 1H, 3He and 4He targets.
             Evidence for Λ-hypernuclear bound states is seen for 3,4He
             targets. This is the first time that the electroproduction
             of these hypernuclei has been observed. © 2005 American
             Institute of Physics.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.1932939},
   Key = {fds246062}
}

@article{fds246047,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Erratum: Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors (International
             Journal of Modern Physics E (2003) 12:1 (1-40))},
   Journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics E},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {567},
   Publisher = {World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218301303001454},
   Doi = {10.1142/S0218301303001454},
   Key = {fds246047}
}

@article{fds246190,
   Author = {H. Gao and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Avetissian, E and Bains,
             B and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blouw, J and Böttcher,
             H and Borissov, A and Bouwhuis, M and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun,
             B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Dalpiaz, PF and De Sanctis and E and De Schepper and D and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts and PKA and Di Nezza and P and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Ely, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko,
             A and Ferstl, M and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fox, B and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gärber, Y and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Guidal, M and Gute, A and Gyurjyan,
             V and Haas, JP and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hartig, M and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Heinsius, FH and Henderson, R and Henoch, M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt, RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Kobayashi, H and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster, H and Korotkov, V and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH},
   Title = {Evidence for a single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in
             semi-inclusive pion electroproduction},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {18},
   Pages = {4047-4051},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4047},
   Abstract = {Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive pion production
             in deep-inelastic scattering have been measured for the
             first time. A significant target-spin asymmetry of the
             distribution in the azimuthal angle φ of the pion relative
             to the lepton scattering plane was formed for π+
             electroproduction on a longitudinally polarized hydrogen
             target. The corresponding analyzing power in the sinφ
             moment of the cross section is 0.022±0.005±0.003. This
             result can be interpreted as the effect of terms in the
             cross section involving chiral-odd spin distribution
             functions in combination with a chiral-odd fragmentation
             function that is sensitive to the transverse polarization of
             the fragmenting quark. © 2000 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4047},
   Key = {fds246190}
}

@article{fds246193,
   Author = {H. Gao and Cadman, RV and Brack, J and Cummings, WJ and Fedchak, JA and Fox, BD and Gao, H and Glöckle, W and Golak, J and Grosshauser, C and Holt, RJ and Jones, CE and Kamada, H and Kinney, ER and Miller, MA and Nagengast, W and Nogga, A and Owen, BR and Rith, K and Schmidt, F and Schulte, EC and Sowinski, J and Sperisen, F and Thorsland, EL and Tobey, R and Wilbert,
             J and Witała, H},
   Title = {Evidence for a three-nucleon-force effect in proton-deuteron
             elastic scattering},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {967-970},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.967},
   Abstract = {Developments in spin-polarized internal targets for storage
             rings have permitted measurements of 197 MeV polarized
             protons scattering from vector polarized deuterons. This
             work presents measurements of the polarization observables
             Ay, iT11, and Cy,y, in proton-deuteron elastic scattering.
             When compared to calculations with and without three-nucleon
             forces, the measurements provide further evidence that
             three-nucleon forces make a contribution to the observables.
             This work indicates that three-body forces derived from
             static nuclear properties appear to be crucial to the
             description of dynamical properties. © 2001 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.967},
   Key = {fds246193}
}

@article{fds246191,
   Author = {H. Gao and Niculescu, I and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Baker, OK and Beck, DH and Bochna, CW and Carlini, RD and Cha, J and Cothran, C and Day, DB and Dunne, JA and Dutta, D and Ent, R and Frolov,
             VV and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gueye, PLJ and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Keppel, CE and Koltenuk, DM and Mack, DJ and Meekins,
             DG and Miller, MA and Mitchell, JH and Mohring, RM and Niculescu, G and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Reinhold, J and Segel, RE and Stoler, P and Tang, L and Terburg, BP and Van Westrum and D and Vulcan, WF and Wood, SA and Yan, C and Zeidman, B},
   Title = {Evidence for valencelike quark-hadron duality},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1182-1185},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1182},
   Abstract = {The inclusive electron-nucleon scattering cross sections in
             the resonance region for both hydrogen and deuterium targets
             were measured. From these cross sections, the structure
             function F2 was extracted. The obtained data indicate that
             the F2 structure function at low momentum transfers follows
             the behavior of valencelike quarks only.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1182},
   Key = {fds246191}
}

@article{fds246176,
   Author = {H. Gao and Van Den Brand and JFJ and Ent, R and Anthony, PL and Arnold, RG and Arrington, J and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bosted, PE and Bulten, HJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich, FS and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Gearhart, RA and Geesaman, DF and Hansen,
             JO and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Jones, CE and Keppel, CE and Kinney,
             ER and Kuhn, S and Lee, K and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and Makins, NCR and Margaziotis, DJ and McKeown, RD and Milner, RG and Mueller, B and Napolitano, J and Nelson, J and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Petratos, GG and Potterveld, DH and Rock, SE and Spengos, M and Szalata,
             ZM and Tao, LH and Van Bibber and K and Wasson, DA and White, JL and Zeidman,
             B},
   Title = {Evidence for virtual Compton scattering from the
             proton},
   Journal = {Physical Review D},
   Volume = {52},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {4868-4871},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2821},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.4868},
   Abstract = {In virtual Compton scattering an electron is scattered off a
             nucleon such that the nucleon emits a photon. We show that
             these events can be selected experimentally, and present the
             first evidence for virtual Compton scattering from the
             proton in data obtained at the Stanford Linear Accelerator
             Center. The angular and energy dependence of the data is
             well described by a calculation that includes the coherent
             sum of electron and proton radiation. © 1995 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.52.4868},
   Key = {fds246176}
}

@booklet{Bulten95,
   Author = {Bulten, HJ and Anthony, PL and Arnold, RG and Arrington, J and Beise,
             EJ and Belz, E and Van Bibber and K and Bosted, PE and Van Den Brand and JFJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich, FS and Ent, R and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Gearhart, RA and Geesaman, DF and Hansen,
             JO and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Jones, CE and Keppel, CE and Kinney, E and Kuhn, SE and Lee, K and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and Makins, NCR and Margaziotis, DJ and McKeown, RD and Milner, RG and Mueller, B and Napolitano, J and Nelson, J and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Petratos, GG and Potterveld, DH and Rock, SE and Spengos, M and Szalata,
             ZM and Tao, LH and White, JL and Zeidman, B},
   Title = {Exclusive electron scattering from deuterium at high
             momentum transfer},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {24},
   Pages = {4775-4778},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4775},
   Abstract = {Cross sections are presented for the reaction H2(e,e′p)n
             for momentum transfers in the range 1.2≤Q2≤6.8 (GeV/c)2
             and for missing momenta from 0 to 250 MeV/c. The
             longitudinal-transverse interference structure function has
             been separated at Q2=1.2 (GeV/c)2. The observables are
             compared to calculations performed in nonrelativistic and
             relativistic frameworks. The data are best described by a
             fully relativistic calculation. © 1995 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4775},
   Key = {Bulten95}
}

@article{fds246049,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Exclusive processes at Jefferson Lab},
   Journal = {Pramana - Journal of Physics},
   Volume = {61},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {837-846},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02704452},
   Abstract = {Mapping the transition from strongly interacting,
             non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics, where nucleon-meson
             degrees of freedom are effective to perturbative QCD of
             quark and gluon degrees of freedom, is one of the most
             fundamental, challenging tasks in nuclear and particle
             physics. Exclusive processes such as proton-proton elastic
             scattering, meson photoproduction, and deuteron
             photodisintegration have been pursued extensively at many
             laboratories over the years in the search for such a
             transition, particularly at Jefferson Lab in recent years,
             taking the advantage of the high luminosity capability of
             the CEBAF facility. In this talk, I review recent results
             from Jefferson Lab on deuteron photodisintegration and
             photopion production processes and the future 12 GeV
             program.},
   Doi = {10.1007/BF02704452},
   Key = {fds246049}
}

@article{fds246145,
   Author = {Gao, H and Ma, BQ},
   Title = {Exotic hadrons of minimal pentaquark (qqqqq̄)
             states},
   Journal = {Modern Physics Letters A},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {33},
   Pages = {2313-2319},
   Publisher = {World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S021773239900239X},
   Abstract = {It is shown that the exotic non-qqq hadrons of pentaquark
             qqqqq̄ states can be clearly distinguished from the
             conventional qqq-baryon resonances or their hybrids if the
             flavor of q̄ is different from any of the other four
             quarks. We suggest the physical process p(e,e′K-)Z(uuuds̄),
             which can be investigated at the Thomas Jefferson National
             Accelerator Facility (JLab), as an ideal process to search
             for the existence or non-existence of the exotic hadron of
             minimal pentaquark state Z(uuuds̄).},
   Doi = {10.1142/S021773239900239X},
   Key = {fds246145}
}

@article{fds335577,
   Author = {Liu, T and Zhao, Z and Gao, H},
   Title = {Experimental constraint on quark electric dipole
             moments},
   Journal = {Physical Review D},
   Volume = {97},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {9 pages},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.074018},
   Abstract = {The electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons are sensitive
             probes of additional CP violation sources beyond the
             standard model to account for the baryon number asymmetry of
             the universe. As a fundamental quantity of the nucleon
             structure, tensor charge is also a bridge that relates
             nucleon EDMs to quark EDMs. With a combination of nucleon
             EDM measurements and tensor charge extractions, we
             investigate the experimental constraint on quark EDMs, and
             its sensitivity to CP violation sources from new physics
             beyond the electroweak scale. We obtain the current limits
             on quark EDMs as 1.27×10-24 e·cm for the up quark and
             1.17×10-24 e·cm for the down quark at the scale of 4 GeV2.
             We also study the impact of future nucleon EDM and tensor
             charge measurements, and show that upcoming new experiments
             will improve the constraint on quark EDMs by about 3 orders
             of magnitude leading to a much more sensitive probe of new
             physics models.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.97.074018},
   Key = {fds335577}
}

@article{fds333212,
   Author = {Gao, H and Liu, T},
   Title = {Experimental overview on GPDs and TMDs},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {2016-September},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {The generalized parton distribution (GPD) functions and the
             transverse momentum dependent parton distribution (TMD)
             functions provide three-dimensional tomographies in the
             combined momentum-coordinate space (GPD) and the complete
             momentum space (TMD) of partons inside the nucleon. They
             uncover the rich dynamics of QCD, and provide qualitative
             and quantitative information about the partonic orbital
             angular momentum, an important piece to the solution of the
             proton spin puzzle. In the last ten years or so, significant
             progresses have been made experimentally in accessing the
             GPDs and TMDs. In this talk, we review the experimental
             progress on GPDs and TMDs and also discuss upcoming
             experiments in the coming decade.},
   Key = {fds333212}
}

@article{fds315787,
   Author = {Gao, H and Peng, C and Zhao, ZW},
   Title = {Experimental progress and status on nucleon electromagnetic
             form factors},
   Journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences},
   Volume = {113},
   Pages = {01012-01012},
   Publisher = {E D P SCIENCES},
   Editor = {Elster, C and Phillips, D and Roberts, C},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611301012},
   Abstract = {Nucleon electromagnetic form factors are the fundamental
             quantities that are related to a two-dimensional view of the
             charge and magnetization distribution in the nucleon. They
             are essential in understanding the nucleon electromagnetic
             structure. In this article, we briefly summarize the recent
             experimental progress on this topic, and introduce several
             experiments related to the nucleon electromagnetic form
             factors in the near future.},
   Doi = {10.1051/epjconf/201611301012},
   Key = {fds315787}
}

@article{fds246078,
   Author = {Qian, X and Horn, T and Clasie, B and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Benmokhtar, F and Boeglin, W and Bosted, P and Bruell, A and Christy,
             ME and Chudakov, E and Dalton, MM and Daniel, A and Day, D and Dutta, D and El
             Fassi, L and Ent, R and Fenker, HC and Ferrer, J and Fomin, N and Gao, H and Garrow, K and Gaskell, D and Gray, C and Huber, GM and Jones, MK and Kalantarians, N and Keppel, CE and Kramer, K and Li, Y and Liang, Y and Lung, AF and Malace, S and Markowitz, P and Matsumura, A and Meekins,
             DG and Mertens, T and Miyoshi, T and Mkrtchyan, H and Monson, R and Navasardyan, T and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and Okayasu, Y and Opper, AK and Perdrisat, C and Punjabi, V and Rauf, AW and Rodriquez,
             VM and Rohe, D and Seely, J and Segbefia, E and Smith, GR and Sumihama, M and Tadevosyan, V and Tang, L and Villano, A and Vulcan, WF and Wesselmann,
             FR and Wood, SA and Yuan, L and Zheng, X},
   Title = {Experimental study of the A(e,e′π+) reaction
             on H1, H2, C12, Al27, Cu63, and Au197},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {81},
   Number = {5},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4261 Duke open
             access},
   Abstract = {Cross sections for the H1(e,e′π+)n process on H1, H2,
             C12, Al27, Cu63, and Au197 targets were measured at the
             Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson
             Lab) to extract nuclear transparencies. Data were taken from
             Q2=1.1-4.7 GeV2 for a fixed center-of-mass energy of W=2.14
             GeV. The ratio of σL and σT was extracted from the
             measured cross sections for H1, H2, C12, and Cu63 targets at
             Q2=2.15 and 4.0 GeV2, allowing for additional studies of the
             reaction mechanism. In this article, we present the
             experimental setup and the analysis of the data in detail,
             including systematic uncertainty studies. Differential cross
             sections and nuclear transparencies as a function of the
             pion momentum at different values of Q2 are presented. Our
             results are consistent with the predicted early onset of
             color transparency in mesons. Global features of the data
             are discussed and the data are compared with model
             calculations for the H1(e,e′π+)n reaction from nuclear
             targets. © 2010 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.81.055209},
   Key = {fds246078}
}

@article{fds246192,
   Author = {H. Gao and Niculescu, I and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Baker, OK and Beck, DH and Bochna, CW and Carlini, RD and Cha, J and Cothran, C and Day, DB and Dunne, JA and Dutta, D and Ent, R and Filippone,
             BW and Frolov, VV and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gueye, PLJ and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Keppel, CE and Koltenuk, DM and Mack, DJ and Meekins, DG and Miller, MA and Mitchell, JH and Mohring, RM and Niculescu, G and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Reinhold, J and Segel,
             RE and Stoler, P and Tang, L and Terburg, BP and Van Westrum and D and Vulcan,
             WF and Wood, SA and Yan, C and Zeidman, B},
   Title = {Experimental verification of quark-hadron
             duality},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1186-1189},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1186},
   Abstract = {Quark-hadron duality was experimentally revisited using new
             inclusive data in the resonance region at large x. The
             original duality observations were verified. The quantum
             chromodynamics (QCD) moment explanation indicated that
             higher twist contributions to the n=2 moment of the F2
             structure function are small or canceling. In general,
             duality appeared to be a nontrivial dynamic property of the
             nucleon structure function.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1186},
   Key = {fds246192}
}

@article{fds246115,
   Author = {Tarasov, VE and Briscoe, WJ and Gao, H and Kudryavtsev, AE and Strakovsky, II},
   Title = {Extracting the photoproduction cross section off the neutron
             $\gamma n \rightarrow \pi^- p$ from deuteron data with FSI
             effects},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {035203},
   Year = {2011},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.035203},
   Abstract = {The incoherent pion photoproduction reaction
             γd→π -pp is considered theoretically in a wide
             energy region E th≤Eγ≤2700 MeV. The model
             applied contains the impulse approximation as well as the NN
             and πN final-state-interaction (FSI) amplitudes. The aim
             of the paper is to study a reliable way for getting the
             information on elementary γn→π-p reaction
             cross sections beyond the impulse approximation for
             γd→π-pp. For the elementary
             γN→πN, NN→NN, and πN→πN
             amplitudes, the results of The George Washington University
             (GW) Data Analysis Center (DAC) are used. There are no
             additional theoretical constraints. The calculated cross
             sections dσ/dΩ(γd→π-pp) are compared
             with existing data. The procedure used to extract
             information on the differential cross section
             dσ/dΩ(γn→π -p) on the neutron from the
             deuteron data using the FSI correction factor R is
             discussed. The calculations for R versus π-p
             center-of-mass (CM) angle θ1 of the outgoing pion are
             performed at different photon-beam energies with kinematic
             cuts for a "quasifree" process γn→π-p. The
             results show a sizable FSI effect R≠1 from the S-wave
             part of pp-FSI at small angles close to θ1∼0: this
             region narrows as the photon energy increases. At larger
             angles, the effect is small (|R-1| 1) and agrees with
             estimations of FSI in the Glauber approach. © 2011
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.84.035203},
   Key = {fds246115}
}

@article{fds304560,
   Author = {Tarasov, VE and Briscoe, WJ and Gao, H and Kudryavtsev, AE and Strakovsky, II},
   Title = {Extracting the photoproduction cross sections off the
             neutron, via the γn→π-p reaction, from
             deuteron data with final-state interaction
             effects},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {3},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.035203},
   Abstract = {The incoherent pion photoproduction reaction γd→π -pp is
             considered theoretically in a wide energy region E
             th≤Eγ≤2700 MeV. The model applied contains the impulse
             approximation as well as the NN and πN final-state-interaction
             (FSI) amplitudes. The aim of the paper is to study a
             reliable way for getting the information on elementary
             γn→π-p reaction cross sections beyond the impulse
             approximation for γd→π-pp. For the elementary γN→πN,
             NN→NN, and πN→πN amplitudes, the results of The George
             Washington University (GW) Data Analysis Center (DAC) are
             used. There are no additional theoretical constraints. The
             calculated cross sections dσ/dΩ(γd→π-pp) are compared
             with existing data. The procedure used to extract
             information on the differential cross section
             dσ/dΩ(γn→π -p) on the neutron from the deuteron data
             using the FSI correction factor R is discussed. The
             calculations for R versus π-p center-of-mass (CM) angle θ1
             of the outgoing pion are performed at different photon-beam
             energies with kinematic cuts for a "quasifree" process
             γn→π-p. The results show a sizable FSI effect R≠1 from
             the S-wave part of pp-FSI at small angles close to θ1∼0:
             this region narrows as the photon energy increases. At
             larger angles, the effect is small (|R-1| 1) and agrees with
             estimations of FSI in the Glauber approach. © 2011 American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.84.035203},
   Key = {fds304560}
}

@article{fds332007,
   Author = {Sulkosky, V and Jin, G and Long, E and Zhang, YW and Mihovilovic, M and Kelleher, A and Anderson, B and Higinbotham, DW and Širca, S and Allada, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Boeglin, W and Bradshaw, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Dutta,
             C and El Fassi and L and Flay, D and Frullani, S and Garibaldi, F and Gao, H and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Gomez, J and Hansen, JO and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Ibrahim, H and De Jager,
             CW and Jensen, E and Jiang, X and Jones, M and Kang, H and Katich, J and Khanal, HP and King, P and Korsch, W and Lerose, J and Lindgren, R and Lu,
             HJ and Luo, W and Markowitz, P and Meekins, D and Meziane, M and Michaels,
             R and Moffit, B and Monaghan, P and Muangma, N and Nanda, S and Norum, BE and Pan, K and Parno, D and Piasetzky, E and Posik, M and Punjabi, V and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Qui, X and Riordan, S and Saha,
             A and Sawatzky, B and Shabestari, M and Shahinyan, A and Shoenrock, B and John, JS and Subedi, R and Tobias, WA and Tireman, W and Urciuoli, GM and Wang, D and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Watson, J and Wojtsekhowski, B and Ye,
             Z and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zheng, X and Zhao, B and Zhu,
             L},
   Title = {Extraction of the neutron electric form factor from
             measurements of inclusive double spin asymmetries},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {96},
   Number = {6},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.065206},
   Abstract = {Background: Measurements of the neutron charge form factor,
             GEn, are challenging because the neutron has no net charge.
             In addition, measurements of the neutron form factors must
             use nuclear targets which require accurately accounting for
             nuclear effects. Extracting GEn with different targets and
             techniques provides an important test of our handling of
             these effects. Purpose: The goal of the measurement was to
             use an inclusive asymmetry measurement technique to extract
             the neutron charge form factor at a four-momentum transfer
             of 1(GeV/c)2. This technique has very different systematic
             uncertainties than traditional exclusive measurements and
             thus serves as an independent check of whether nuclear
             effects have been taken into account correctly. Method: The
             inclusive quasielastic reaction 3He (e′) was measured at
             Jefferson Laboratory. The neutron electric form factor, GEn,
             was extracted at Q2=0.98(GeV/c)2 from ratios of
             electron-polarization asymmetries measured for two
             orthogonal target spin orientations. This Q2 is high enough
             that the sensitivity to GEn is not overwhelmed by the
             neutron magnetic contribution, and yet low enough that
             explicit neutron detection is not required to suppress pion
             production. Results: The neutron electric form factor, GEn,
             was determined to be 0.0414±0.0077(stat)±0.0022(syst),
             providing the first high-precision inclusive extraction of
             the neutron's charge form factor. Conclusions: The use of
             the inclusive quasielastic 3He (e′) with a four-momentum
             transfer near 1(GeV/c)2 has been used to provide a unique
             measurement of GEn. This new result provides a
             systematically independent validation of the exclusive
             extraction technique results and implies that the nuclear
             corrections are understood. This is contrary to the proton
             form factor where asymmetry and differential cross section
             measurements have been shown to have large systematic
             differences.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.96.065206},
   Key = {fds332007}
}

@article{fds355714,
   Author = {Laskaris, G and Ji, W and Yan, X and Zhou, J and Zimmerman, WR and Ahmed,
             MW and Averett, T and Deltuva, A and Fonseca, AC and Gao, H and Golak, J and Kafkarkou, A and Karwowski, HJ and Lalremruata, B and Manfredi, J and Mueller, JM and Sauer, PU and Skibiński, R and Smith, AP and Tsang, MB and Weller, HR and Witała, H and Wu, YK and Zhao, ZW},
   Title = {First measurement of the asymmetry and the
             Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integrand from the He 3- (γ-,p) H 2
             reaction at an incident photon energy of 29
             MeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {3},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {March},
   url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14055},
   Abstract = {The first measurement of the He3 - (γ - ,p)H2 process was
             performed at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS)
             facility at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory using a
             circularly polarized, monoenergetic γ-ray beam and a
             longitudinally polarized He3 target. The spin-dependent
             asymmetry and the contribution from the two-body
             photodisintegration to the He3 Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
             integrand are extracted and compared with state-of-the-art
             three-nucleon system calculations at the incident photon
             energy of 29 MeV. The data are in general agreement with the
             various theoretical predictions based on the Siegert theorem
             or on explicit inclusion of meson-exchange
             currents.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.103.034311},
   Key = {fds355714}
}

@article{fds333211,
   Author = {Yan, X and Allada, K and Aniol, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Bradshaw, PC and Bosted, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chen,
             W and Chirapatpimol, K and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Cornejo, JC and Cusanno, F and Dalton, MM and Deconinck, W and De Jager and CW and De Leo,
             R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Ding, H and Dolph, PAM and Dutta, C and Dutta,
             D and El Fassi and L and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gaskell,
             D and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Guo, L and Hamilton, D and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Huang, M and Ibrahim, HF and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Jin,
             G and Jones, MK and Katich, J and Kelleher, A and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Lerose, JJ and Li, X and Li, Y and Lindgren, R and Liu, T and Liyanage, N and Long, E and Lu, HJ and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and Marrone, S and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Muñoz Camacho and C and Nanda, S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum,
             B and Oh, Y and Osipenko, M and Parno, D and Peng, JC and Phillips, SK and Posik, M and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome, R and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schulte, E and Shahinyan, A and Shabestari, MH and Širca, S and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tang, LG and Tobias, WA and Urciuoli,
             GM},
   Title = {First measurement of unpolarized semi-inclusive
             deep-inelastic scattering cross sections from a He 3
             target},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {95},
   Number = {3},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.035209},
   Abstract = {The unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
             (SIDIS) differential cross sections in He3(e,e′π±)X have
             been measured for the first time in Jefferson Lab experiment
             E06-010 with a 5.9GeVe- beam on a He3 gas target. The
             experiment focuses on the valence quark region, covering a
             kinematic range 0.12<xbj<0.45,1<Q2<4(GeV/c)2,0.45<zh<0.65,
             and 0.05<Pt<0.55GeV/c. The extracted SIDIS differential
             cross sections of π± production are compared with existing
             phenomenological models while the He3 nucleus approximated
             as two protons and one neutron in a plane-wave picture, in
             multidimensional bins. Within the experimental
             uncertainties, the azimuthal modulations of the cross
             sections are found to be consistent with
             zero.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.95.035209},
   Key = {fds333211}
}

@article{fds246018,
   Author = {Laskaris, G and Ye, Q and Lalremruata, B and Ye, QJ and Ahmed, MW and Averett, T and Deltuva, A and Dutta, D and Fonseca, AC and Gao, H and Golak, J and Huang, M and Karwowski, HJ and Mueller, JM and Myers, LS and Peng, C and Perdue, BA and Qian, X and Sauer, PU and Skibiński, R and Stave, S and Tompkins, JR and Weller, HR and Witała, H and Wu, YK and Zhang, Y and Zheng, W},
   Title = {First measurements of spin-dependent double-differential
             cross sections and the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integrand from
             3He(γ,n)pp at incident photon energies of 12.8 and 14.7
             MeV.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {110},
   Number = {20},
   Pages = {202501},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000319214800002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The first measurement of the three-body photodisintegration
             of longitudinally polarized (3)He with a circularly
             polarized γ-ray beam was carried out at the High Intensity
             γ-ray Source facility located at Triangle Universities
             Nuclear Laboratory. The spin-dependent double-differential
             cross sections and the contributions from the three-body
             photodisintegration to the (3)He Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
             integrand are presented and compared with state-of-the-art
             three-body calculations at the incident photon energies of
             12.8 and 14.7 MeV. The data reveal the importance of
             including the Coulomb interaction between protons in
             three-body calculations.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.110.202501},
   Key = {fds246018}
}

@article{fds246020,
   Author = {Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Akushevich, I and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov, A and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Cadman, RV and Capitani,
             GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Dalpiaz,
             PF and Sanctis, ED and Schepper, DD and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts,
             PKA and Di Nezza and P and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fox, B and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi,
             F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Giordjian, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Gute, A and Haeberli, W and Hansen,
             JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Henderson, R and Henkes, T and Henoch,
             M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt, RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen,
             H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Kobayashi, H and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster, H and Korotkov, V and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krivokhijine, VG and Kurisuno, M},
   Title = {Flavor asymmetry of the light quark sea from semi-inclusive
             deep-inelastic scattering},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {81},
   Number = {25},
   Pages = {5519-5523},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5519},
   Abstract = {The flavor asymmetry of the light quark sea of the nucleon
             is determined in the kinematic range 0.02 < x < 0.3 and 1 <
             Q2 < 10GeV2 for the first time from semi-inclusive
             deep-inelastic scattering. The quantity [d¯(x)-
             ¯u(x)]/[u(x)-d(x)] is derived from a relationship between
             the yields of positive and negative pions from unpolarized
             hydrogen and deuterium targets. The flavor asymmetry d¯ -
             u¯ is found to be nonzero and x dependent, showing an
             excess of d¯ over u¯ quarks in the proton. © 1998 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5519},
   Key = {fds246020}
}

@article{fds246130,
   Author = {H. Gao and Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Akushevich, I and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Barrow, S and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann,
             M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blanchard, S and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov,
             A and Brack, J and Bray, B and Brauksiepe, S and Braun, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Cadman,
             RV and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court,
             GR and Dalpiaz, PF and de Leo, R and Delheij, PPJ and de Sanctis, E and de
             Schepper, D and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts and PKA and di Nezza, P and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Ely, J and Elbakian, G and Emerson, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick, D and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fortune, HT and Fox, B and Frabetti, S and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian,
             P and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green,
             PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Guidal, M and Gute, A and Gyurjyan, V and Haas, JP and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Henderson, R and Heinsius, FH and Henkes, T and Henoch,
             M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt, RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen,
             H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaiser, R},
   Title = {Flavor decomposition of the polarized quark distributions in
             the nucleon from inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic
             scattering},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {464},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {123-134},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00964-8},
   Abstract = {Spin asymmetries of semi-inclusive cross sections for the
             production of positively and negatively charged hadrons have
             been measured in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized
             positrons on polarized hydrogen and He targets, in the
             kinematic range 0.023 < x < 0.6 and 1 GeV2 < Q2 < 10 GeV2.
             Polarized quark distributions are extracted as a function of
             x for up (u + ū) and down (d + d̄) flavors. The up quark
             polarization is positive and the down quark polarization is
             negative in the measured range. The polarization of the sea
             is compatible with zero. The first moments of the polarized
             quark distributions are presented. The isospin non-singlet
             combination Δq3 is consistent with the prediction based on
             the Bjorken sum rule. The moments of the polarized quark
             distributions are compared to predictions based on SU(3)f
             flavor symmetry and to a prediction from lattice QCD. ©
             1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00964-8},
   Key = {fds246130}
}

@article{fds246080,
   Author = {Gao, H and Chen, JP and Huang, M and Qian, X},
   Title = {Future (transverse) spin physics at Jefferson
             Lab},
   Journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
   Volume = {295},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {012019-012019},
   Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1742-6588},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/295/1/012019},
   Abstract = {The studies of GPDs and TMDs with polarizations at 6 GeV at
             Jefferson Lab have already shown great promises. The 12-GeV
             spin program will significantly advance our knowledge about
             the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon in the
             valence quark region, and the QCD dynamics responsible for
             the structure. With the possibility of a future electron ion
             collider with polarized beams, the next frontier of QCD will
             be reached. This proceeding paper will focus on future
             studies of TMDs using polarizations.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/295/1/012019},
   Key = {fds246080}
}

@booklet{Gao96a,
   Author = {Gao, H and Holt, RJ and Pandharipande, VR},
   Title = {gamma n --> pi(-)p process in He-4 and O-16},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {2779-2782},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {November},
   Key = {Gao96a}
}

@article{fds246106,
   Author = {Zheng, W and Gao, H and Liu, JG and Zhang, Y and Ye, Q and Swank,
             C},
   Title = {General solution to gradient-induced transverse and
             longitudinal relaxation of spins undergoing restricted
             diffusion},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {053411},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.053411},
   Abstract = {We develop an approach, by calculating the autocorrelation
             function of spins, to derive the magnetic field
             gradient-induced transverse (T2) relaxation of spins
             undergoing restricted diffusion. This approach is an
             extension to the method adopted by McGregor. McGregor's
             approach solves the problem only in the fast diffusion
             limit; however, our approach yields a single analytical
             solution suitable in all diffusion regimes, including the
             intermediate regime. This establishes a direct connection
             between the well-known slow diffusion result of Torrey and
             the fast diffusion result. We also perform free induction
             decay measurements on spin-exchange optically polarized 3He
             gas with different diffusion constants. The measured
             transverse relaxation profiles are compared with the theory
             and satisfactory agreement has been found throughout all
             diffusion regimes. In addition to the transverse relaxation,
             this approach is also applicable to solving the longitudinal
             relaxation (T 1) regardless of the diffusion limits. It
             turns out that the longitudinal relaxation in the slow
             diffusion limit differs by a factor of 2 from that in the
             fast diffusion limit. © 2011 American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.84.053411},
   Key = {fds246106}
}

@article{fds246137,
   Author = {Dutta, D and Gao, H},
   Title = {Generalized counting rule and oscillatory
             scaling},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {71},
   Number = {3},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.032201},
   Abstract = {We studied the energy dependence of the pp elastic
             scattering data and the pion-photoproduction data at a 90°
             c.m. angle in light of the new generalized counting rale
             derived for exclusive processes. We show that by including
             the helicity-nonconserving amplitudes and their interference
             with the Landshoff amplitude, we are able to reproduce the
             energy dependence of all the pp elastic cross-section and
             spin-correlation (AN N) data available above the resonance
             region. The pion-photoproduction data can also be described
             by this approach; however, data with much finer energy
             spacing are needed to confirm the oscillations about the
             scaling behavior. This study strongly suggests an important
             role for helicity-nonconserving amplitudes related to the
             quark orbital angular momentum and for the interference of
             these amplitudes with the Landshoff amplitude at GeV
             energies. © 2005 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.71.032201},
   Key = {fds246137}
}

@article{fds246083,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Hadron physics at low energies},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal: Special Topics},
   Volume = {198},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {3-17},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {1951-6355},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2011-01480-5},
   Abstract = {Understanding how quantum chromodynamics, the theory of
             strong interaction, works in the low-energy region, the
             so-called confinement region is one of the major challenges
             facing physicists. Low energy hadron physics, particularly
             the structure of hadron is one of the most active areas of
             research in nuclear physics addressing this challenge. In
             this talk, I will review advances made in this area on a few
             selected topics in the last decade or so and also provide
             outlook for the future. © 2011 EDP Sciences and
             Springer.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epjst/e2011-01480-5},
   Key = {fds246083}
}

@article{fds246159,
   Author = {al, KSE},
   Title = {He-3 Spin-Dependent Cross Sections and Sum
             Rules},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {101},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {022303},
   Year = {2008},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.101.022303},
   Abstract = {We present a measurement of the spin-dependent cross
             sections for the 3He over -->(e over -->,e')X reaction in
             the quasielastic and resonance regions at a four-momentum
             transfer 0.1< or =Q2< or =0.9 GeV2. The spin-structure
             functions have been extracted and used to evaluate the
             nuclear Burkhardt-Cottingham and extended
             Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rules for the first time. The data
             are also compared to an impulse approximation calculation
             and an exact three-body Faddeev calculation in the
             quasielastic region.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.101.022303},
   Key = {fds246159}
}

@article{fds246150,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, ESE},
   Title = {High energy angular distribution measurements of the
             exclusive deuteron photodisintegration reaction},
   Journal = {Phys Rev C},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {042201R},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2002},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000179103500007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The first complete measurements of the angular distributions
             of the two-body deuteron photodisintegration differential
             cross section at photon energies above 1.6 GeV were
             performed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
             Facility. The results show a persistent forward-backward
             asymmetry up to Eγ = 2.4 GeV, the highest-energy measured
             in this experiment. The Hard Rescattering and the
             Quark-Gluon string models are in fair agreement with the
             results.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.66.042201},
   Key = {fds246150}
}

@article{fds346529,
   Author = {Ambrozewicz, P and Ye, L and Prok, Y and Larin, I and Ahmidouch, A and Baker, K and Baturin, V and Benton, L and Bernstein, A and Burkert, V and Clinton, E and Cole, PL and Collins, P and Dale, D and Danagoulian, S and Davidenko, G and Demirchyan, R and Deur, A and Dolgolenko, A and Dutta,
             D and Dzyubenko, G and Evdokimov, A and Fedotov, G and Feng, J and Gabrielyan, M and Gan, L and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Gevorkyan, N and Gevorkyan, S and Glamazdin, A and Goryachev, V and Guo, L and Gyurjyan,
             V and Hardy, K and He, J and Isupov, E and Ito, MM and Jiang, L and Kang, H and Kashy, D and Khandaker, M and Kingsberry, P and Klein, F and Kolarkar,
             A and Konchatnyi, M and Korchin, O and Korsch, W and Kosinov, O and Kowalski, S and Kubantsev, M and Kubarovsky, A and Kubarovsky, V and Lawrence, D and Li, X and Levillain, M and Lu, H and Ma, L and Martel, P and Matveev, V and McNulty, D and Mecking, B and Micherdzinska, A and Milbrath, B and Minehart, R and Miskimen, R and Mochalov, V and Morrison, B and Mtingwa, S and Nakagawa, I and Overby, S and Pasyuk, E and Payen, M and Park, K and Pedroni, R and Phelps, W and Protopopescu, D and Rimal, D and Ritchie, BG and Romanov, D and Salgado, C and Shahinyan, A and Sitnikov, A and Sober, D and Stepanyan, S and Stephens, W and Tarasov,
             V and Taylor, S and Teymurazyan, A and Underwood, J and Vasiliev, A and Vishnyakov, V and Weygand, DP and Wood, M and Zhang, Y and Zhou, S and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {High precision measurement of Compton scattering in the 5
             GeV region},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {797},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134884},
   Abstract = {The cross section of atomic electron Compton scattering
             γ+e→γ′+e′ was measured in the 4.400–5.475 GeV
             photon beam energy region by the PrimEx collaboration at
             Jefferson Lab with an accuracy of 2.6% and less. The results
             are consistent with theoretical predictions that include
             next-to-leading order radiative corrections. The
             measurements provide the first high precision test of this
             elementary QED process at beam energies greater than 0.1
             GeV.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134884},
   Key = {fds346529}
}

@article{fds304558,
   Author = {Meziani, ZE and Melnitchouk, W and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Averett, T and Gates, G and De Jager and CW and Deur, A and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gilman, R and Hughes, EW and Jiang, X and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Liyanage, N and Slifer, K and Yang, JC},
   Title = {Higher twists and color polarizabilities in the
             neutron},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {613},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {148-153},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.03.046},
   Abstract = {Color polarizabilities of the neutron are extracted from
             data on the lowest moment of the spin-dependent g1 structure
             function. New data in the resonance region from Jefferson
             Lab at Q2≲1 GeV2, in combination with world data at higher
             Q2, allow a systematic determination of the 1/Q2
             corrections, and provide the first constraints on 1/Q4
             corrections. The results suggest that higher-twist effects
             in the neutron are small, and that quark-hadron duality may
             be approximately valid, even down to Q2∼1 GeV2. © 2005
             Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2005.03.046},
   Key = {fds304558}
}

@article{fds246167,
   Author = {H. Gao and Meziani, Z-E and Gao, EAIH},
   Title = {Higher twists and Color Polarizabilities in the
             Neutron},
   Journal = {Physical Letters},
   Volume = {B},
   Number = {613},
   Pages = {148},
   Year = {2005},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.03.046},
   Abstract = {Color polarizabilities of the neutron are extracted from
             data on the lowest moment of the spin-dependent g1 structure
             function. New data in the resonance region from Jefferson
             Lab at Q2≲1 GeV2, in combination with world data at
             higher Q2, allow a systematic determination of the 1/Q2
             corrections, and provide the first constraints on 1/Q4
             corrections. The results suggest that higher-twist effects
             in the neutron are small, and that quark-hadron duality may
             be approximately valid, even down to Q2∼1 GeV2. ©
             2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2005.03.046},
   Key = {fds246167}
}

@article{fds368413,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {Impact of an Electron-Ion Collider on Other
             Fields},
   Pages = {105-118},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds368413}
}

@booklet{Arrington96,
   Author = {Arrington, J and Anthony, P and Arnold, RG and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bosted, PE and Bulten, HJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich,
             F and Ent, R and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Gearhart, RA and Geesama, DF},
   Title = {Inclusive electron scattering from nuclei at x similar or
             equal to 1},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {53},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {2248-2251},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2248},
   Abstract = {The inclusive A(e,e′) cross section for x≃1 was
             measured on 2H, C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers Q2 from
             1 to 6.8 (GeV/c)2. The scaling behavior of the data was
             examined in the region of transition from y scaling to x
             scaling. Throughout this transitional region, the data
             exhibit ξ scaling, reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman
             duality seen in free nucleon scattering.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2248},
   Key = {Arrington96}
}

@article{fds304562,
   Author = {Arrington, J and Anthony, P and Arnold, RG and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bosted, PE and Bulten, HJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich,
             F and Ent, R and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Gearhart, RA and Geesaman, DF and Hansen, JO and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Jones, CE and Keppel, CE and Kinney, ER and Kuhn, S and Lee, K and Lorenzon, W and Lung,
             A and Makins, NCR and Margaziotis, DJ and McKeown, RD and Milner, RG and Mueller, B and Napolitano, J and Nelson, J and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Petratos, GG and Potterveld, DH and Rock, SE and Spengos, M and Szalata, ZM and Tao, LH and Van Bibber and K and Van Den
             Brand and JFJ and White, JL and Winter, D and Zeidman,
             B},
   Title = {Inclusive electron scattering from nuclei at
             x≃1},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {53},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {2248-2251},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2248},
   Abstract = {The inclusive A(e,e′) cross section for x≃1 was measured
             on 2H, C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers Q2 from 1 to 6.8
             (GeV/c)2. The scaling behavior of the data was examined in
             the region of transition from y scaling to x scaling.
             Throughout this transitional region, the data exhibit ξ
             scaling, reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman duality seen in
             free nucleon scattering.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.53.2248},
   Key = {fds304562}
}

@article{fds363066,
   Author = {Springer, R and Ahmed, M and Howell, C and phillips, D and Griesshammer,
             H and Wu, Y},
   Title = {International Workshop on Next Generation Gamma-Ray
             Source},
   Journal = {Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle
             Physics},
   Volume = {49},
   Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {December},
   Key = {fds363066}
}

@article{fds246099,
   Author = {Chu, PH and Gao, H and others},
   Title = {Laboratory Search for Spin-dependent Short-range Force from
             Axion-Like-Particles using Optically Polarized 3He
             gas},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {011105R},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1550-7998},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000314336400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The possible existence of short-range forces between
             unpolarized and polarized spin-12 particles has attracted
             the attention of physicists for decades. These forces are
             predicted in various theories and provide a possible new
             source for parity and time-reversal symmetry violation. We
             use an ensemble of polarized He3 gas in a cell with a
             250-μm thick glass window to search for a force from
             pseudoscalar boson exchange over sub-millimeter ranges. This
             interaction would produce an NMR frequency shift as an
             unpolarized mass is moved near and far from the polarized
             ensemble. We report a new upper bound with a factor of 10-30
             improvement on the product gsgpn of the scalar couplings to
             the fermions in the unpolarized mass, and the pseudoscalar
             coupling of the polarized neutron in the He3 nucleus for
             force ranges from 10 -4 to 10-2 m, which corresponds to a
             mass range of 2×10-3 to 2×10-5 eV for the pseudoscalar
             boson. This represents the most sensitive search that sets a
             direct limit on the important "axion window." © 2013
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.87.011105},
   Key = {fds246099}
}

@article{fds246121,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, LCAE},
   Title = {Large momentum transfer measurements of the deuteron elastic
             structure function A(Q$^2$) at Jefferson
             Laboratory},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {1374},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds246121}
}

@article{fds246126,
   Author = {Seely, J and Crawford, C and Clasie, B and Xu, W and Dutta, D and Gao,
             H},
   Title = {Laser-driven nuclear-polarized hydrogen internal gas
             target},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {73},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {062714},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062714},
   Abstract = {We report the performance of a laser-driven polarized
             internal hydrogen gas target (LDT) in a configuration
             similar to that used in scattering experiments. This target
             used the technique of spin-exchange optical pumping to
             produce nuclear spin polarized hydrogen gas that was fed
             into a cylindrical storage (target) cell. We present in this
             paper the performance of the target, methods that were tried
             to improve the figure-of-merit (FOM) of the target, and a
             Monte Carlo simulation of spin-exchange optical pumping. The
             dimensions of the apparatus were optimized using the
             simulation and the experimental results were in good
             agreement with the results from the simulation. The best
             experimental result achieved was at a hydrogen flow rate of
             1.1× 1018 atomss, where the sample beam exiting the storage
             cell had 58.2% degree of dissociation and 50.5%
             polarization. Based on this measurement, the atomic fraction
             in the storage cell was 49.6% and the density averaged
             nuclear polarization was 25.0%. This represents the highest
             FOM for hydrogen from an LDT and is higher than the best FOM
             reported by atomic beam sources that used storage cells. ©
             2006 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062714},
   Key = {fds246126}
}

@article{fds246058,
   Author = {Clasie, B and Crawford, C and Dutta, D and Gao, H and Seely, J and Xu,
             W},
   Title = {Laser-driven polarized H/D sources and targets},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {536},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {260-265},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.08.082},
   Abstract = {Traditionally, Atomic Beam Sources are used to produce
             targets of nuclear polarized hydrogen (H) or deuterium (D)
             for experiments using storage rings. Laser-Driven Sources
             (LDSs) offer a factor of 20-30 gain in the target thickness
             (however, with lower polarization) and may produce a higher
             overall figure of merit. The LDS is based on the technique
             of spin-exchange optical pumping where alkali vapor is
             polarized by absorbing circularly polarized laser photons.
             The H or D atoms are nuclear-polarized through spin-exchange
             collisions with the polarized alkali vapor and through
             subsequent hyperfine interactions during frequent H-H or D-D
             collisions. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2004.08.082},
   Key = {fds246058}
}

@article{fds246128,
   Author = {Clasie, B and Crawford, C and Seely, J and Xu, W and Dutta, D and Gao,
             H},
   Title = {Laser-driven target of high-density nuclear-polarized
             hydrogen gas},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {73},
   Number = {2},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.020703},
   Abstract = {We report the best figure-of-merit achieved for an internal
             nuclear polarized hydrogen gas target and a Monte Carlo
             simulation of spin-exchange optical pumping. The dimensions
             of the apparatus were optimized using the simulation, and
             the experimental results were in good agreement with the
             simulation. The best result achieved for this target was
             50.5% polarization with 58.2% degree of dissociation of the
             sample beam exiting the storage cell at a hydrogen flow rate
             of 1.1× 1018 atomss. © 2006 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.73.020703},
   Key = {fds246128}
}

@article{fds318443,
   Author = {Gao, H and Laskaris, G and Yan, X},
   Title = {Latest results on few-body physics from HIγS},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {29-June-2015},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {In this talk we discuss the recently completed and upcoming
             experiments on few-nucleon targets at the High Intensity
             g-ray Source (HIγS) facility located at Triangle
             Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL). Several experiments
             took place or are planned in order to measure the Gerasimov-
             Drell-Hearn sum rule integrand on various light nuclei below
             pion production threshold and extract information on the
             electromagnetic structure and spin polarizabilities of the
             nucleon. In this paper we focus more on the
             photodisintegration and Compton scattering experiments on
             polarized 3He at the HIγS facility.},
   Key = {fds318443}
}

@article{fds373919,
   Author = {Zhou, J and Khachatryan, V and Akushevich, I and Gao, H and Ilyichev, A and Peng, C and Srednyak, S and Xiong, W},
   Title = {Lowest-order QED radiative corrections in unpolarized
             elastic electron–deuteron scattering beyond the
             ultra-relativistic limit for the proposed deuteron charge
             radius measurement at Jefferson laboratory},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {59},
   Number = {11},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01174-6},
   Abstract = {Analogous to the well-known proton charge radius puzzle, a
             similar puzzle exists for the deuteron charge radius, rd .
             There are discrepancies observed in the results of rd ,
             measured from electron-deuteron (e- d) scattering
             experiments, as well as from atomic spectroscopy. In order
             to help resolve the charge radius puzzle of the deuteron,
             the PRad collaboration at Jefferson Lab has proposed an
             experiment for measuring rd , named DRad. This experiment is
             designed to measure the unpolarized elastic e- d scattering
             cross section in a low- Q2 region. To extract the cross
             section with a high precision, having reliable knowledge of
             QED radiative corrections is important. In this paper, we
             present complete numerical calculations of the lowest-order
             radiative corrections in e- d scattering for the DRad
             kinematics. The calculations have been performed within a
             covariant formalism and beyond the ultra-relativistic
             approximation (me2≪Q2). Besides, we present a systematic
             uncertainty on rd arising from higher-order radiative
             corrections, estimated based on our cross-section
             results.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01174-6},
   Key = {fds373919}
}

@article{fds246005,
   Author = {Zhang, Y and Qian, X and Allada, K and Dutta, C and Huang, J and Katich, J and Wang, Y and Aniol, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Bradshaw, PC and Bosted, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chen, W and Chirapatpimol, K and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Cornejo, JC and Cusanno, F and Dalton,
             MM and Deconinck, W and De Jager and CW and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Ding, H and Dolph, PAM and Dutta, D and El Fassi and L and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gaskell, D and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Guo, L and Hamilton, D and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, M and Ibrahim, HF and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Jin, G and Jones, MK and Kelleher, A and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Lerose, JJ and Li, X and Li, Y and Lindgren,
             R and Liyanage, N and Long, E and Lu, HJ and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz,
             P and Marrone, S and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit,
             B and Muñoz Camacho and C and Nanda, S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Oh, Y and Osipenko, M and Parno, D and Peng, JC and Phillips,
             SK and Posik, M and Puckett, AJR and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome,
             RD and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schulte, E and Shahinyan,
             A and Shabestari, MH and Širca, S and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tang, LG and Tobias, WA and Urciuoli,
             GM},
   Title = {Measurement of "pretzelosity" asymmetry of charged pion
             production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a
             polarized He 3 target},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {90},
   Number = {5},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.055209},
   Abstract = {An experiment to measure single-spin asymmetries of
             semi-inclusive production of charged pions in deep-inelastic
             scattering on a transversely polarized He3 target was
             performed at Jefferson Laboratory in the kinematic region of
             0.16<x<0.35 and 1.4<Q2<2.7 GeV2. Pretzelosity asymmetries on
             He3, which are expressed as the convolution of the h1T⊥
             transverse-momentum-dependent distribution functions and the
             Collins fragmentation functions in the leading order, were
             measured for the first time. Under the effective
             polarization approximation, we extracted the corresponding
             neutron asymmetries from the measured He3 asymmetries and
             cross-section ratios between the proton and He3. Our results
             show that both π± on He3 and on neutron pretzelosity
             asymmetries are consistent with zero within experimental
             uncertainties.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.90.055209},
   Key = {fds246005}
}

@article{fds304544,
   Author = {Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blanchard, S and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov, A and Brack, J and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Capitani,
             GP and Carter, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Delheij, PPJ and Sanctis,
             ED and Schepper, DD and Devitsin, E and Huberts, PKADW and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Emerson, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fox, B and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, M-A and Gärber, Y and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian, P and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Gute, A and Gyurjyan, V and Haas,
             JP and Haeberli, W and Häusser, O and Hansen, J-O and Hasch, D and Henderson, R and Henkes, T and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt,
             RJ and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kirsch, M and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster, H and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krause, B and Krivokhijine,
             VG and Kückes, M and Kyle, G and Lachnit, W and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and Makins, NCR and Manaenkov, SI and Martens, FK and Martin, JW and Mateos,
             A and Mcllhany, K and McKeown, RD and Meissner, F and Menden, F and Mercer,
             D and Metz, A and Meyners, N and Mikloukho, O and Miller, CA and Miller,
             MA and Milner, R and Mitsyn, V and Most, A and Mozzetti, R and Muccifora,
             V and Nagaitsev, A and Naryshkin, Y and Nathan, AM and Neunreither, F and Niczyporuk, JM and Nowak, W-D and Nupieri, M and Oelwein, P and Ogami,
             H and O'Neill, TG and Openshaw, R and Ouyang, J and Pate, SF and Pitt, M and Poolman, HR and Potashov, S and Potterveld, DH and Rakness, G and Redwine, R and Reolon, AR and Ristinen, R and Rith, K and Röper, G and Roloff, HO and Rossi, P and Ruh, M and Ryckbosch, D and Sakemi, Y and Savin, I and Schüler, KP and Schwind, A and Shibata, T-A and Shin, T and Simon, A and Sinram, K and Smythe, WR and Sowinski, J and Spengos, M and Steffens, E and Stenger, J and Stewart, J and Stock, F and Stösslein,
             U and Sutter, M and Tallini, H and Taroian, S and Terkulov, A and Thiessen,
             DM and Tipton, B and Trudel, A and Tytgat, M and Urciuoli, GM and Brand,
             JFJVD and Steenhoven, GVD and Vyver, RVD and Vetterli, MC and Vincter,
             MG and Volk, E and Wander, W and Welch, TP and Williamson, SE and Wise, T and Zapfe, K and Zohrabian, H},
   Title = {Measurement of angular distributions and R =
             σLT in diffractive
             electroproduction of ρ0 mesons},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal C},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {303-316},
   Year = {2000},
   ISSN = {1434-6044},
   Abstract = {Production and decay angular distributions were extracted
             from measurements of exclusive electroproduction of the
             ρ0(770) meson over a range in the virtual photon negative
             four-momentum squared 0.5 &lt; Q2 &lt; 4 GeV2 and the
             photon-nucleon invariant mass range 3.8 &lt; W &lt; 6.5 GeV.
             The experiment was performed with the HERMES spectrometer,
             using a longitudinally polarized positron beam and a 3He gas
             target internal to the HERA e± storage ring. The event
             sample combines ρ0 mesons produced incoherently off
             individual nucleons and coherently off the nucleus as a
             whole. The distributions in one production angle and two
             angles describing the ρ0 → π+π- decay yielded
             measurements of eight elements of the spin-density matrix,
             including one that had not been measured before. The results
             are consistent with the dominance of helicity conserving
             amplitudes and natural parity exchange. The improved
             precision achieved at 4 &lt; W &lt; 7 GeV, in combination
             with other data at W &gt; 7 GeV, reveals evidence for an
             energy dependence in the ratio R of the longitudinal to
             transverse cross sections at constant Q2.},
   Key = {fds304544}
}

@article{fds246131,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KAE},
   Title = {Measurement of angular distributions and R=o(L)/o(T) in
             diffractive electroproduction of RhoO mesons},
   Journal = {Eur. Phys. J. C},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {303-316},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2000},
   ISSN = {1434-6044},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520000536},
   Abstract = {Production and decay angular distributions were extracted
             from measurements of exclusive electroproduction of the
             ρ0(770) meson over a range in the virtual photon negative
             four-momentum squared 0.5 < Q2 < 4 GeV2 and the
             photon-nucleon invariant mass range 3.8 < W < 6.5 GeV. The
             experiment was performed with the HERMES spectrometer, using
             a longitudinally polarized positron beam and a 3He gas
             target internal to the HERA e± storage ring. The event
             sample combines ρ0 mesons produced incoherently off
             individual nucleons and coherently off the nucleus as a
             whole. The distributions in one production angle and two
             angles describing the ρ0 → π+π- decay yielded
             measurements of eight elements of the spin-density matrix,
             including one that had not been measured before. The results
             are consistent with the dominance of helicity conserving
             amplitudes and natural parity exchange. The improved
             precision achieved at 4 < W < 7 GeV, in combination with
             other data at W > 7 GeV, reveals evidence for an energy
             dependence in the ratio R of the longitudinal to transverse
             cross sections at constant Q2.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s100520000536},
   Key = {fds246131}
}

@article{fds355715,
   Author = {Adhikari, S and Akondi, CS and Ali, A and Amaryan, M and Asaturyan, A and Austregesilo, A and Baldwin, Z and Barbosa, F and Barlow, J and Barriga,
             E and Barsotti, R and Beattie, TD and Berdnikov, VV and Black, T and Boeglin, W and Briscoe, WJ and Britton, T and Brooks, WK and Cannon, BE and Chudakov, E and Cole, S and Cortes, O and Crede, V and Dalton, MM and Daniels, T and Deur, A and Dobbs, S and Dolgolenko, A and Dotel, R and Dugger, M and Dzhygadlo, R and Egiyan, H and Erbora, T and Ernst, A and Eugenio, P and Fanelli, C and Fegan, S and Fitches, J and Foda, AM and Furletov, S and Gan, L and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Gleason, C and Goetzen, K and Goryachev, VS and Guo, L and Hakobyan, H and Hamdi, A and Huber, GM and Hurley, A and Ireland, DG and Ito, MM and Jaegle, I and Jarvis, NS and Jones, RT and Kakoyan, V and Kalicy, G and Kamel, M and Khachatryan, V and Khatchatryan, M and Kourkoumelis, C and Kuleshov,
             S and Laduke, A and Larin, I and Lawrence, D and Lersch, DI and Li, H and Li,
             WB and Liu, B and Livingston, K and Lolos, GJ and Luckas, K and Lyubovitskij, V and Mack, D and Marukyan, H and Matveev, V and McCaughan, M and McCracken, M and McGinley, W and Meyer, CA and Miskimen, R and Mitchell, RE and Mizutani, K and Neelamana, V and Nerling, F and Ng, L and Ostrovidov, AI and Papandreou, Z and Paudel, C and Pauli, P and Pedroni, R and Pentchev, L and Peters, KJ and Phelps, W and Pooser, E and Reinhold, J and Ritchie, BG and Ritman, J and Rodriguez,
             G},
   Title = {Measurement of beam asymmetry for π- Δ++ photoproduction
             on the proton at Eγ=8.5 GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {2},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.L022201},
   Abstract = {We report a measurement of the π- photoproduction beam
             asymmetry for the reaction γp→π-Δ++ using data from the
             GlueX experiment in the photon beam energy range 8.2-8.8
             GeV. The asymmetry ς is measured as a function of
             four-momentum transfer t to the Δ++ and compared to
             phenomenological models. We find that ς varies as a
             function of t: negative at smaller values and positive at
             higher values of |t|. The reaction can be described
             theoretically by t-channel particle exchange requiring
             pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor intermediaries. In
             particular, this reaction requires charge exchange, allowing
             us to probe pion exchange and the significance of
             higher-order corrections to one-pion exchange at low
             momentum transfer. Constraining production mechanisms of
             conventional mesons may aid in the search for and study of
             unconventional mesons. This is the first measurement of the
             process at this energy.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.103.L022201},
   Key = {fds355715}
}

@article{fds246070,
   Author = {Mibe, T and Gao, H and Hicks, K and Kramer, K and Stepanyan, S and Tedeschi, DJ and Amaryan, MJ and Ambrozewicz, P and Anghinolfi, M and Asryan, G and Audit, G and Avakian, H and Bagdasaryan, H and Baillie, N and Ball, JP and Baltzell, NA and Battaglieri, M and Bedlinskiy, I and Bellis, M and Benmouna, N and Berman, BL and Biselli, AS and Blaszczyk,
             L and Bouchigny, S and Boiarinov, S and Bradford, R and Branford, D and Briscoe, WJ and Brooks, WK and Bültmann, S and Burkert, VD and Butuceanu, C and Calarco, JR and Careccia, SL and Carman, DS and Chen,
             S and Cole, PL and Collins, P and Coltharp, P and Crabb, D and Crannell, H and Crede, V and Cummings, JP and Dashyan, N and De Masi and R and De Vita and R and De Sanctis and E and Degtyarenko, PV and Deur, A and Dharmawardane, KV and Dickson, R and Djalali, C and Dodge, GE and Donnelly, J and Doughty, D and Dugger, M and Dzyubak, OP and Egiyan, H and Egiyan, KS and El Fassi and L and Elouadrhiri, L and Eugenio, P and Fedotov, G and Feldman, G and Funsten,
             H and Garçon, M and Gavalian, G and Gilfoyle, GP and Giovanetti, KL and Girod, FX and Goetz, JT and Gonenc, A and Gordon, CIO and Gothe, RW and Griffioen, KA and Guidal, M and Guler, N and Guo, L and Gyurjyan, V and Hadjidakis, C and Hafidi, K and Hakobyan, H and Hakobyan, RS and Hanretty, C and Hardie, J and Hersman, FW and Hleiqawi, I and Holtrop,
             M and Hyde-Wright, CE and Ilieva, Y and Ireland, DG and Ishkhanov, BS and Isupov, EL and Ito, MM and Jenkins, D and Jo, HS and Johnstone, JR and Joo,
             K and Juengst, HG and Kalantarians, N},
   Title = {Measurement of coherent -meson photoproduction from the
             deuteron at low energies},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {76},
   Number = {5},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.052202},
   Abstract = {The cross section and decay angular distributions for the
             coherent -meson photoproduction on the deuteron have been
             measured for the first time up to a squared four-momentum
             transfer t=(pγ-p)2=-2 GeV2/c2, using the CLAS detector at
             the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The
             cross sections are compared with predictions from a
             rescattering model. In a framework of vector meson
             dominance, the data are consistent with the total -N cross
             section σN at about 10 mb. If vector meson dominance is
             violated, a larger σN is possible by introducing a larger t
             slope for the N→N process than that for the γN→N
             process. The decay angular distributions of the are
             consistent with helicity conservation. © 2007 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.76.052202},
   Key = {fds246070}
}

@article{fds344651,
   Author = {Mihovilovič, M and Jin, G and Long, E and Zhang, YW and Allada, K and Anderson, B and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Boeglin,
             W and Bradshaw, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deltuva, A and Deur,
             A and Dutta, C and El Fassi and L and Flay, D and Frullani, S and Garibaldi,
             F and Gao, H and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golak, J and Golge, S and Gomez, J and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom,
             T and Huang, J and Ibrahim, H and de Jager, CW and Jensen, E and Jiang, X and Jones, M and Kamada, H and Kang, H and Katich, J and Khanal, HP and Kievsky, A and King, P and Korsch, W and LeRose, J and Lindgren, R and Lu,
             HJ and Luo, W and Marcucci, LE and Markowitz, P and Meziane, M and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Monaghan, P and Muangma, N and Nanda, S and Norum, BE and Pan, K and Parno, DS and Piasetzky, E and Posik, M and Punjabi, V and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Qui, X and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sauer, PU and Sawatzky, B and Schiavilla, R and Schoenrock, B and Shabestari, M and Shahinyan, A and Širca, S and Skibiński, R and St. John and J and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tireman,
             W and Tobias, WA and Topolnicki, K and Urciuoli, GM and Viviani, M and Wang, D and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Watson, J and Wojtsekhowski, B and Witała, H and Ye, Z and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zheng, X and Zhao,
             B},
   Title = {Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the
             quasi-elastic He→3(e→,ep)
             process},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {788},
   Pages = {117-121},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.063},
   Abstract = {We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization
             asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of He3 proceeding to
             pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic
             kinematics at Q2=0.25(GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to
             250MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools
             to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of He3
             and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects
             involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured
             asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by
             state-of-the-art calculations of He3 unless their three-body
             segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part
             of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup
             process is much smaller than previously thought.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.063},
   Key = {fds344651}
}

@article{fds246004,
   Author = {Mihovilovič, M and Jin, G and Long, E and Zhang, Y-W and Allada, K and Anderson, B and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Boeglin, W and Bradshaw,
             P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deltuva, A and Deur, A and Dutta,
             C and El Fassi and L and Flay, D and Frullani, S and Garibaldi, F and Gao, H and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golak, J and Golge, S and Gomez, J and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang,
             J and Ibrahim, H and de Jager, CW and Jensen, E and Jiang, X and Jones, M and Kang, H and Katich, J and Khanal, HP and Kievsky, A and King, P and Korsch,
             W and LeRose, J and Lindgren, R and Lu, H-J and Luo, W and Marcucci, LE and Markowitz, P and Meziane, M and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Monaghan,
             P and Muangma, N and Nanda, S and Norum, BE and Pan, K and Parno, D and Piasetzky, E and Posik, M and Punjabi, V and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Qui, X and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sauer, PU and Sawatzky,
             B and Schiavilla, R and Schoenrock, B and Shabestari, M and Shahinyan,
             A and Širca, S and Skibiński, R and John, JS and Subedi, R and Sulkosky,
             V and Tobias, WA and Tireman, W and Urciuoli, GM and Viviani, M and Wang,
             D and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Watson, J and Wojtsekhowski, B and Witała,
             H and Ye, Z and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zheng, X and Zhao, B and Zhu, L and (Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration)},
   Title = {Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the
             quasielastic (3)He[→](e[→],e(')d) process.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {113},
   Number = {23},
   Pages = {232505},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.113.232505},
   Abstract = {We present a precise measurement of double-polarization
             asymmetries in the ^{3}He[over →](e[over →],e^{'}d)
             reaction. This particular process is a uniquely sensitive
             probe of hadron dynamics in ^{3}He and the structure of the
             underlying electromagnetic currents. The measurements have
             been performed in and around quasielastic kinematics at
             Q^{2}=0.25(GeV/c)^{2} for missing momenta up to
             270  MeV/c. The asymmetries are in fair agreement with
             the state-of-the-art calculations in terms of their
             functional dependencies on p_{m} and ω, but are
             systematically offset. Beyond the region of the quasielastic
             peak, the discrepancies become even more pronounced. Thus,
             our measurements have been able to reveal deficiencies in
             the most sophisticated calculations of the three-body
             nuclear system, and indicate that further refinement in the
             treatment of their two-and/or three-body dynamics is
             required.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.113.232505},
   Key = {fds246004}
}

@article{fds246138,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, MECE},
   Title = {Measurement of Electron Proton Elastic Cross-section s for
             0.4},
   Journal = {Phys Rev C},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {015206},
   Year = {2004},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015206},
   Abstract = {We report on precision measurements of the elastic cross
             section for electron-proton scattering performed in Hall C
             at Jefferson Lab. The measurements were made at 28 distinct
             kinematic settings covering a range in momentum transfer of
             0.4<Q2<5.5 (GeV/c)2. These measurements represent a
             significant contribution to the world's cross section data
             set in the Q2 range, where a large discrepancy currently
             exists between the ratio of electric to magnetic proton form
             factors extracted from previous cross section measurements
             and that recently measured via polarization transfer in Hall
             A at Jefferson Lab. This data set shows good agreement with
             previous cross section measurements, indicating that if a
             heretofore unknown systematic error does exist in the cross
             section measurements, then it is intrinsic to all such
             measurements.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015206},
   Key = {fds246138}
}

@article{fds246134,
   Author = {H. Gao and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Baumgarten,
             C and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov, A and Bouwhuis, M and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Dalpiaz, PF and Sanctis, ED and Schepper, DD and Devitsin,
             E and Huberts, PKADW and Nezza, PD and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Ely, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fox, B and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gärber, Y and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw,
             G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Guidal, M and Gute, A and Gyurjyan, V and Haas, JP and Haeberli, W and Hausser, O and Hansen, JO and Hartig, M and Hasch, D and Heinsius, FH and Henderson, R and Henoch, M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt,
             RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson,
             HE and Jgoun, A and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kirsch, M and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Kobayashi, H and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster, H and Korotkov, V and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krivokhijine, VG and Kurisuno, M and Kyle, G and Lachnit,
             W and Lenisa, P and Lorenzon, W and Makins, NCR and Manaenkov, SI and Martens, FK and Martin, JW and Masoli, F and Mateos, A and McAndrew, M and McIlhany, K and McKeown, RD and Meissner, F and Menden, F and Metz, A and Meyners, N and Mikloukho, O and Miller, CA and Miller, MA and Milner, R and Most, A and Muccifora, V and Mussa, R and Nagaitsev, A and Naryshkin, Y and Nathan, AM and Neunreither, F and Niczyporuk, JM and Nowak, WD and Nupieri, M and O'Neill, TG and Openshaw, R and Ouyang, J and Owen, BR and Papavassiliou, V and Pate, SF and Pitt, M and Potashov, S and Potterveld, DH and Rakness, G and Reali, A and Redwine, R and Reolon,
             AR and Ristinen, R and Rith, K and Rossi, P and Rudnitsky, S and Ruh, M and Ryckbosch, D and Sakemi, Y and Savin, I and Scarlett, C and Schmidt, F and Schmitt, H and Schnell, G and Schüler, KP and Schwind, A and Seibert,
             J and Shibata, TA and Shibatani, K and Shin, T and Shutov, V and Simani, C and Simon, A and Sinram, K and Slavich, P and Spengos, M and Steffens, E and Stenger, J and Stewart, J and Stösslein, U and Sutter, M and Tallini,
             H and Taroian, S and Terkulov, A and Thomas, E and Tipton, B and Tytgat, M and Urciuoli, GM and Brand, JFJVD and Steenhoven, GVD and Vyver, RVD and Hunen, JJV and Vetterli, MC and Vikhrov, V and Vincter, MG and Visser,
             J and Volk, E and Wander, W and Wendland, J and Williamson, SE and Wise, T and Woller, K and Yoneyama, S and Zohrabian, H},
   Title = {Measurement of longitudinal spin transfer to Λ hyperons in
             deep-inelastic lepton scattering},
   Journal = {Physical Review D},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {7},
   Year = {2001},
   ISSN = {0556-2821},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.64.112005},
   Abstract = {Spin transfer in deep-inelastic Λ electroproduction has
             been studied with the HERMES detector using the 27.6 GeV
             polarized positron beam in the DESY HERA storage ring. For
             an average fractional energy transfer 〈z〉 = 0.45, the
             longitudinal spin transfer from the virtual photon to the Λ
             has been extracted. The spin transfer along the Λ momentum
             direction is found to be 0.11±0.17(stat)±0.03(syst);
             similar values are found for other possible choices for the
             longitudinal spin direction of the Λ. This result is the
             most precise value obtained to date from deep-inelastic
             scattering with charged lepton beams, and is sensitive to
             polarized up quark fragmentation to hyperon states. The
             experimental result is found to be in general agreement with
             various models of the Λ spin content, and is consistent
             with the assumption of helicity conservation in the
             fragmentation process. ©2001 the American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.64.112005},
   Key = {fds246134}
}

@article{fds246162,
   Author = {al, BCE},
   Title = {Measurement of Nuclear Transparency for the $A(e,e'\pi^+)$
             Reaction},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {99},
   Number = {24},
   Pages = {242502},
   Year = {2007},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.99.242502},
   Abstract = {We have measured the nuclear transparency of the A(e,e'pi+)
             process in 2H, 12C, 27Al, 63Cu, and 197Au targets. These
             measurements were performed at the Jefferson Laboratory over
             a four momentum transfer squared range Q2=1.1 to 4.7
             (GeV/c)2. The nuclear transparency was extracted as the
             super-ratio of (sigmaA/sigmaH) from data to a model of
             pion-electroproduction from nuclei without pi-N final-state
             interactions. The Q2 and atomic number dependence of the
             nuclear transparency both show deviations from traditional
             nuclear physics expectations and are consistent with
             calculations that include the quantum chromodynamical
             phenomenon of color transparency.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.99.242502},
   Key = {fds246162}
}

@article{fds364178,
   Author = {Liang, Y and Tvaskis, V and Christy, ME and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong,
             CS and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Avery, S and Baker, OK and Beck,
             DH and Blok, HP and Bochna, CW and Boeglin, W and Bosted, P and Bouwhuis,
             M and Breuer, H and Brown, DS and Bruell, A and Carlini, RD and Cha, J and Chant, NS and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Danagoulian, S and Day, DB and Dunne, J and Dutta, D and Ent, R and Fenker, HC and Fox, B and Gan, L and Gao,
             H and Garrow, K and Gaskell, D and Gasparian, A and Geesaman, DF and Gilman, R and Guèye, PLJ and Harvey, M and Holt, RJ and Jiang, X and Jones, M and Keppel, CE and Kinney, E and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and Mack,
             DJ and Markowitz, P and Martin, JW and Mcilhany, K and Mckee, D and Meekins, D and Miller, MA and Milner, RG and Mitchell, JH and Mkrtchyan,
             H and Mueller, BA and Nathan, A and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Pate, SF and Piercey, RB and Potterveld, D and Ransome, RD and Reinhold, J and Rollinde, E and Rondon, O and Roos, P and Sarty, AJ and Sawafta, R and Schulte, EC and Segbefia, E and Smith, C and Stepanyan, S and Strauch, S and Tadevosyan,
             V and Tang, L and Tieulent, R and Uzzle, A and Vulcan, WF and Wood, SA and Xiong, F and Yuan, L and Zeier, M and Zihlmann, B and Ziskin,
             V},
   Title = {Measurement of R=σL/σT and the separated longitudinal and
             transverse structure functions in the nucleon-resonance
             region},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {105},
   Number = {6},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.065205},
   Abstract = {We report on a detailed study of longitudinal strength in
             the nucleon resonance region, presenting new results from
             inclusive electron-proton cross sections measured at
             Jefferson Lab Hall C in the four-momentum transfer range
             0.2<Q2<5.5GeV2. The data have been used to accurately
             perform 167 Rosenbluth-type longitudinal/transverse
             separations. The precision R=σL/σT data are presented
             here, along with the first separate values of the inelastic
             structure functions F1 and FL in this regime. The resonance
             longitudinal component is found to be significant, both in
             magnitude and in the existence of defined mass peaks.
             Additionally, quark-hadron duality is here observed above
             Q2=1GeV2 in the separated structure functions
             independently.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.105.065205},
   Key = {fds364178}
}

@article{fds363064,
   Author = {Adhikari, S and Akondi, CS and Albrecht, M and Ali, A and Amaryan, M and Asaturyan, A and Austregesilo, A and Baldwin, Z and Barbosa, F and Barlow, J and Barriga, E and Barsotti, R and Beattie, TD and Berdnikov,
             VV and Black, T and Boeglin, W and Briscoe, WJ and Britton, T and Brooks,
             WK and Chudakov, E and Cole, S and Cole, PL and Cortes, O and Crede, V and Dalton, MM and Daniels, T and Deur, A and Dobbs, S and Dolgolenko, A and Dotel, R and Dugger, M and Dzhygadlo, R and Egiyan, H and Erbora, T and Ernst, A and Eugenio, P and Fanelli, C and Fegan, S and Fitches, J and Foda, AM and Furletov, S and Gan, L and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Gleason, C and Goetzen, K and Goryachev, VS and Guo, L and Hagen, M and Hakobyan, H and Hamdi, A and Hernandez, J and Hoffman, ND and Hou, G and Huber, GM and Hurley, A and Ireland, DG and Ito, MM and Jaegle, I and Jarvis, NS and Jones, RT and Kakoyan, V and Kalicy, G and Kamel, M and Khachatryan, V and Khatchatryan, M and Kourkoumelis, C and Kuleshov,
             S and Laduke, A and Larin, I and Lawrence, D and Lersch, DI and Li, H and Li,
             WB and Liu, B and Livingston, K and Lolos, GJ and Luckas, K and Lyubovitskij, V and Mack, D and Mahmood, A and Marukyan, H and Matveev,
             V and McCaughan, M and McCracken, M and Meyer, CA and Miskimen, R and Mitchell, RE and Mizutani, K and Neelamana, V and Nerling, F and Ng, L and Ostrovidov, AI and Papandreou, Z and Paudel, C and Pauli, P and Pedroni,
             R and Pentchev, L and Peters, KJ and Reinhold, J},
   Title = {Measurement of spin density matrix elements in Λ(1520)
             photoproduction at 8.2-8.8 GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {105},
   Number = {3},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.035201},
   Abstract = {We report on the measurement of spin density matrix elements
             of the Λ(1520) in the photoproduction reaction
             γp→Λ(1520)K+, via its subsequent decay to K-p. The
             measurement was performed as part of the GlueX experimental
             program in Hall D at Jefferson Laboratory using a linearly
             polarized photon beam with Eγ=8.2GeV-8.8GeV. These are the
             first such measurements in this photon energy range. Results
             are presented in bins of momentum transfer squared, -(t-t0).
             We compare the results with a Reggeon exchange model and
             determine that natural exchange amplitudes are dominant in
             Λ(1520) photoproduction.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.105.035201},
   Key = {fds363064}
}

@article{fds374563,
   Author = {Adhikari, S and Afzal, F and Akondi, CS and Albrecht, M and Amaryan, M and Arroyave, V and Asaturyan, A and Austregesilo, A and Baldwin, Z and Barbosa, F and Barlow, J and Barriga, E and Barsotti, R and Beattie, TD and Berdnikov, VV and Black, T and Boeglin, W and Briscoe, WJ and Britton,
             T and Brooks, WK and Byer, D and Chudakov, E and Cole, PL and Cortes, O and Crede, V and Dalton, MM and Darulis, D and Deur, A and Dobbs, S and Dolgolenko, A and Dotel, R and Dugger, M and Dzhygadlo, R and Ebersole,
             D and Edo, M and Egiyan, H and Erbora, T and Eugenio, P and Fabrizi, A and Fanelli, C and Fang, S and Fegan, S and Fitches, J and Foda, AM and Furletov, S and Gan, L and Gao, H and Gardner, A and Gasparian, A and Gleason, C and Goetzen, K and Goryachev, VS and Grube, B and Guo, J and Guo, L and Hague, TJ and Hakobyan, H and Hernandez, J and Hoffman, ND and Hornidge, D and Hou, G and Huber, GM and Hurck, P and Hurley, A and Imoehl,
             W and Ireland, DG and Ito, MM and Jaegle, I and Jarvis, NS and Jeske, T and Jones, RT and Kakoyan, V and Kalicy, G and Khachatryan, V and Khatchatryan, M and Kourkoumelis, C and Laduke, A and Larin, I and Lawrence, D and Lersch, DI and Li, H and Liu, B and Livingston, K and Lolos, GJ and Lorenti, L and Lyubovitskij, V and Ma, R and Mack, D and Mahmood, A and Marukyan, H and Matveev, V and McCaughan, M and McCracken, M and Meyer, CA and Miskimen, R and Mitchell, RE and Mizutani, K and Neelamana, V and Ng, L and Nissen,
             E},
   Title = {Measurement of spin-density matrix elements in ρ(770)
             production with a linearly polarized photon beam at
             Eγ=8.2-8.8 GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {108},
   Number = {5},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.108.055204},
   Abstract = {The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab studies
             photoproduction of mesons using linearly polarized 8.5GeV
             photons impinging on a hydrogen target which is contained
             within a detector with near-complete coverage for charged
             and neutral particles. We present measurements of
             spin-density matrix elements for the photoproduction of the
             vector meson ρ(770). The statistical precision achieved
             exceeds that of previous experiments for polarized
             photoproduction in this energy range by orders of magnitude.
             We confirm a high degree of s-channel helicity conservation
             at small squared four-momentum transfer t and are able to
             extract the t dependence of natural- and unnatural-parity
             exchange contributions to the production process in detail.
             We confirm the dominance of natural-parity exchange over the
             full t range. We also find that helicity amplitudes in which
             the helicity of the incident photon and the photoproduced
             ρ(770) differ by two units are negligible for
             -t<0.5GeV2/c2.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.108.055204},
   Key = {fds374563}
}

@article{fds349848,
   Author = {Sulkosky, V and Singh, JT and Peng, C and Chen, JP and Deur, A and Abrahamyan, S and Aniol, KA and Armstrong, DS and Averett, T and Bailey,
             SL and Beck, A and Bertin, P and Butaru, F and Boeglin, W and Camsonne, A and Cates, GD and Chang, CC and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Coman, L and Cornejo, JC and Craver, B and Cusanno, F and De Leo and R and de Jager, CW and Denton, JD and Dhamija, S and Feuerbach, R and Finn, JM and Frullani, S and Fuoti, K and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gayou, O and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Hansen, JO and Hayes,
             D and Hersman, B and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Humensky, TB and Hyde, CE and Ibrahim, H and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Kaufman, LJ and Kelleher, A and Keister, KE and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Kolb, N and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and Lagamba, L and Lainé, V and Laveissiere, G and Lerose, JJ and Lhuillier, D and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Lu, HJ and Ma, B and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and McCormick, K and Meziane, M and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit,
             B and Monaghan, P and Nanda, S and Niedziela, J and Niskin, M and Pandolfi,
             R and Paschke, KD and Potokar, M and Puckett, AJR and Punjabi, VA and Qiang, Y and Ransome, R and Reitz, B and Roché, R and Saha, A and Shabetai, A and Širca, S and Slifer, K and Snyder, R and Solvignon, P and Stringer, R and Subedi, R and Tobias, WA and Ton, N and Ulmer, PE and Urciuoli, GM and Vacheret, A and Voutier, E},
   Title = {Measurement of the 3He spin-structure functions
             and of neutron (3He) spin-dependent sum rules at
             0.035 ≤ Q2 ≤ 0.24
             GeV2},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {805},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135428},
   Abstract = {The spin-structure functions g1 and g2, and the
             spin-dependent partial cross-section σTT have been
             extracted from the polarized cross-sections differences,
             Δσ∥(ν,Q2) and Δσ⊥(ν,Q2) measured for the
             He3→(e→,e′)X reaction, in the E97-110 experiment at
             Jefferson Lab. Polarized electrons with energies from 1.147
             to 4.404 GeV were scattered at angles of 6∘ and 9∘ from
             a longitudinally or transversely polarized 3He target. The
             data cover the kinematic regions of the quasi-elastic,
             resonance production and beyond. From the extracted
             spin-structure functions, the first moments Γ1‾(Q2),
             Γ2(Q2) and ITT(Q2) are evaluated with high precision for
             the neutron in the Q2 range from 0.035 to 0.24GeV2. The
             comparison of the data and the chiral effective field theory
             predictions reveals the importance of proper treatment of
             the Δ degree of freedom for spin observables.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135428},
   Key = {fds349848}
}

@article{fds344653,
   Author = {Laskaris, G and Yan, X and Mueller, JM and Zimmerman, WR and Xiong, W and Ahmed, MW and Averett, T and Chu, PH and Deltuva, A and Flower, C and Fonseca, AC and Gao, H and Golak, J and Heideman, JN and Karwowski, HJ and Meziane, M and Sauer, PU and Skibiński, R and Strakovsky, II and Weller, HR and Witała, H and Wu, YK},
   Title = {Measurement of the doubly-polarized He3→(γ→,n)pp
             reaction at 16.5 MeV and its implications for the GDH sum
             rule},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {750},
   Pages = {547-551},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.09.065},
   Abstract = {We report new measurements of the double-polarized
             photodisintegration of 3He at an incident photon energy of
             16.5 MeV, carried out at the High Intensity γ-ray Source
             (HIγS) facility located at Triangle Universities Nuclear
             Laboratory (TUNL). The spin-dependent double-differential
             cross sections and the contribution from the three-body
             channel to the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) integrand were
             extracted and compared with the state-of-the-art three-body
             calculations. The calculations, which include the Coulomb
             interaction and are in good agreement with the results of
             previous measurements at 12.8 and 14.7 MeV, deviate from the
             new cross section results at 16.5 MeV. The GDH integrand was
             found to be about one standard deviation larger than the
             maximum value predicted by the theories.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2015.09.065},
   Key = {fds344653}
}

@article{fds335578,
   Author = {al, OGE},
   Title = {Measurement of the elastic electromagnetic form factor ratio
             muGep/Gmp via polarization transfer},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {014602},
   Year = {2001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.038202},
   Abstract = {We present measurements of the ratio of the proton elastic
             electromagnetic form factors, μpGEp/GMp . The Jefferson Lab
             Hall A Focal Plane Polarimeter was used to determine the
             longitudinal and transverse components of the recoil proton
             polarization in ep elastic scattering; the ratio of these
             polarization components is proportional to the ratio of the
             two form factors. These data reproduce the observation of
             Jones et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1398 (2000)], that the
             form factor ratio decreases significantly from unity above
             Q2 =1 GeV2.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.64.038202},
   Key = {fds335578}
}

@article{fds246133,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, OGE},
   Title = {Measurement of the elastic electromagnetic form-factor ratio
             gamma-p G P/E//G P/Mvia polarization transfer},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {038202},
   Year = {2001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.038202},
   Abstract = {We present measurements of the ratio of the proton elastic
             electromagnetic form factors, μpGEp/GMp . The Jefferson
             Lab Hall A Focal Plane Polarimeter was used to determine the
             longitudinal and transverse components of the recoil proton
             polarization in ep elastic scattering; the ratio of these
             polarization components is proportional to the ratio of the
             two form factors. These data reproduce the observation of
             Jones et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1398 (2000)], that the
             form factor ratio decreases significantly from unity above
             Q2 =1 GeV2.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.64.038202},
   Key = {fds246133}
}

@article{fds361807,
   Author = {Arrington, J and Bane, J and Daniel, A and Fomin, N and Gaskell, D and Seely, J and Asaturyan, R and Benmokhtar, F and Boeglin, W and Bosted,
             P and Bukhari, MHS and Christy, ME and Connell, S and Dalton, MM and Day,
             D and Dunne, J and Dutta, D and El Fassi and L and Ent, R and Fenker, H and Gao,
             H and Holt, RJ and Horn, T and Hungerford, E and Jones, MK and Jourdan, J and Kalantarians, N and Keppel, CE and Kiselev, D and Lung, AF and Malace,
             S and Meekins, DG and Mertens, T and Mkrtchyan, H and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and Potterveld, DH and Perdrisat, C and Punjabi, V and Qian, X and Reimer, PE and Roche, J and Rodriguez, VM and Rondon, O and Schulte, E and Slifer, K and Smith, GR and Solvignon, P and Tadevosyan,
             V and Tang, L and Testa, G and Trojer, R and Tvaskis, V and Wesselmann, FR and Wood, SA and Yuan, L and Zheng, X},
   Title = {Measurement of the EMC effect in light and heavy
             nuclei},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {104},
   Number = {6},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.104.065203},
   Abstract = {Inclusive electron scattering from nuclear targets has been
             measured to extract the nuclear dependence of the inelastic
             cross section (σA) in Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson
             National Accelerator facility. Results are presented for H2,
             He3, He4, B9, C12, Cu63, and Au197 at an incident electron
             beam energy of 5.77 GeV for a range of momentum transfer
             from Q2 = 2 to 7 (GeV/c)2. These data improve the precision
             of the existing measurements of the EMC effect in the
             nuclear targets at large x and allow for more detailed
             examinations of the A dependence of the EMC
             effect.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.104.065203},
   Key = {fds361807}
}

@article{fds246201,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, MAE},
   Title = {Measurement of the Generalized Forward Spin
             Polarizabilities},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {93},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {152301},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.93.152301},
   Abstract = {The generalized forward spin polarizabilities gamma(0) and
             delta(LT) of the neutron have been extracted for the first
             time in a Q2 range from 0.1 to 0.9 GeV2. Since gamma(0) is
             sensitive to nucleon resonances and delta(LT) is insensitive
             to the Delta resonance, it is expected that the pair of
             forward spin polarizabilities should provide benchmark tests
             of the current understanding of the chiral dynamics of QCD.
             The new results on delta(LT) show significant disagreement
             with chiral perturbation theory calculations, while the data
             for gamma(0) at low Q2 are in good agreement with a
             next-to-leading-order relativistic baryon chiral
             perturbation theory calculation. The data show good
             agreement with the phenomenological MAID
             model.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.93.152301},
   Key = {fds246201}
}

@article{fds246200,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, GLE},
   Title = {Measurement of the Generalized Polarizabilities of the
             proton},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {93},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {122001},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.122001},
   Abstract = {The generalized polarizabilities (GP) of proton at low c.m.
             energies were investigated in virtual Compton scattering
             (VCS). At momentum transfer Q 2 = 0.92 and 1.76 GeV2, the
             structure functions and the electric and magnetic GP were
             determined. The global behavior of electric GP did not
             follow a simple dipole form and indicated a strong falloff
             with Q 2. A paramagnetic contribution from πN
             intermediate states at higher Q2 compensated the dominance
             of a long-distance diamagnetic pion cloud at low
             Q2.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.122001},
   Key = {fds246200}
}

@article{fds304556,
   Author = {Gao, GLEAIH and Howell, CR},
   Title = {Measurement of the Generalized Polarizabilities of the
             Proton in Virtual Compton Scattering at Q2 = 0.92 and 1.76
             GeV2},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {93},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {122001},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.93.122001},
   Abstract = {We report a virtual Compton scattering study of the proton
             at low c.m. energies. We have determined the structure
             functions P(LL)-P(TT)/epsilon and P(LT), and the electric
             and magnetic generalized polarizabilities (GPs) alpha(E)(Q2)
             and beta(M)(Q2) at momentum transfer Q(2)=0.92 and 1.76
             GeV2. The electric GP shows a strong falloff with Q2, and
             its global behavior does not follow a simple dipole form.
             The magnetic GP shows a rise and then a falloff; this can be
             interpreted as the dominance of a long-distance diamagnetic
             pion cloud at low Q2, compensated at higher Q2 by a
             paramagnetic contribution from piN intermediate
             states.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.93.122001},
   Key = {fds304556}
}

@article{fds356933,
   Author = {Sulkosky, V and Peng, C and Chen, JP and Deur, A and Abrahamyan, S and Aniol, KA and Armstrong, DS and Averett, T and Bailey, SJ and Beck, A and Bertin, P and Butaru, F and Boeglin, W and Camsonne, A and Cates, GD and Chang, CC and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Coman, L and Cornejo, JC and Craver, B and Cusanno, F and De Leo and R and de Jager, CW and Denton, JD and Dhamija, S and Feuerbach, R and Finn, JM and Frullani, S and Fuoti, K and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gayou, O and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Hansen, JO and Hayes, D and Hersman, FW and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Humensky, TB and Hyde, CE and Ibrahim, H and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Kaufman, LJ and Kelleher, A and Keister, KE and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Kolb, N and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and Lagamba, L and Lainé, V and Laveissiere, G and Lerose, JJ and Lhuillier, D and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Lu, HJ and Ma, B and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and McCormick, KR and Meziane, M and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit,
             B and Monaghan, P and Nanda, S and Niedziela, J and Niskin, M and Pandolfi,
             R and Paschke, KD and Potokar, M and Puckett, A and Punjabi, VA and Qiang,
             Y and Ransome, RD and Reitz, B and Roché, R and Saha, A and Shabetai, A and Širca, S and Singh, JT and Slifer, K and Snyder, R and Solvignon, P and Stringer, R and Subedi, R and Tobias, WA and Ton, N and Ulmer, PE and Urciuoli, GM and Vacheret, A and Voutier, E},
   Title = {Measurement of the generalized spin polarizabilities of the
             neutron in the low-Q 2 region},
   Journal = {Nature Physics},
   Volume = {17},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {687-692},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01245-9},
   Abstract = {Understanding the nucleon spin structure in the regime where
             the strong interaction becomes truly strong poses a
             challenge to both experiment and theory. At energy scales
             below the nucleon mass of about 1 GeV, the intense
             interaction among the quarks and gluons inside the nucleon
             makes them highly correlated. Their coherent behaviour
             causes the emergence of effective degrees of freedom,
             requiring the application of non-perturbative techniques
             such as chiral effective field theory1. Here we present
             measurements of the neutron’s generalized spin
             polarizabilities that quantify the neutron’s spin
             precession under electromagnetic fields at very low
             energy-momentum transfer squared down to 0.035 GeV2. In this
             regime, chiral effective field theory calculations2–4 are
             expected to be applicable. Our data, however, show a strong
             discrepancy with these predictions, presenting a challenge
             to the current description of the neutron’s spin
             properties.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41567-021-01245-9},
   Key = {fds356933}
}

@article{fds246195,
   Author = {H. Gao and Schulte, EC and al, E},
   Title = {Measurement of the High Energy Two-Body Deuteron},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {102302},
   Year = {2001},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   Abstract = {The first measurements of the d(γ,p)n differential cross
             section up to Eγ=5.5 GeV were carried out. Results at
             θcm = 70° remain consistent with the scaling
             previously observed in JLAB E89-012. At θcm=53° there
             appears to be a scaling threshold for Egamma≥3
             GeV.},
   Key = {fds246195}
}

@article{fds304548,
   Author = {Schulte, EC and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Avery, S and Baker, OK and Beck, DH and Blok, HP and Bochna, CW and Boeglin, W and Bosted, PY and Bouwhuis, M and Breuer, H and Brown, DS and Bruell, A and Cadman, RV and Carlini, R and Chant, NS and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Danagoulian, S and Day, DB and Dunne, JA and Dutta, D and Ent, R and Fenker, HC and Fox, B and Gan, L and Gao, H and Garrow, K and Gaskell, D and Gasparian, A and Geesaman, DF and Gilman,
             R and Glashausser, C and Gueye, P and Harvey, M and Holt, RJ and Jackson,
             HE and Jiang, X and Keppel, CE and Kinney, ER and Liang, Y and Lorenzon, W and Lung, AF and Mack, DJ and Markowitz, PE and Martin, J and McIlhany, K and McKee, D and Meekins, DG and Miller, MA and Milner, RG and Mitchell, JH and Mkrtchyan, H and Mueller, BA and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Pate, SF and Piercey, RB and Potterveld, DH and Ransome, RD and Reinhold, J and Rollinde, E and Roos, P and Saha, A and Sarty, AJ and Sawafta, R and Segbefia, E and Shin, T and Stepanyan, S and Strauch, S and Sutter, MF and Tadevosyan, V and Tang, L and Tieulent, R and Uzzle, A and Vulcan, WF and Wood, SA and Xiong, F and Yuan, L and Zeier, M and Zihlmann, B and Ziskin,
             V},
   Title = {Measurement of the high energy two-body deuteron
             photodisintegration differential cross section},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {102302/1-102302/4},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.87.102302},
   Abstract = {The first measurements of the d(γ,p)n differential cross
             section up to Eγ=5.5 GeV were carried out. Results at θcm
             = 70° remain consistent with the scaling previously
             observed in JLAB E89-012. At θcm=53° there appears to be a
             scaling threshold for Egamma≥3 GeV.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.87.102302},
   Key = {fds304548}
}

@article{fds336444,
   Author = {Schulte, EC and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, R and Avery, S and Beck, DH and Blok, HP and Bochna, CW and Boeglin, W and Bosted, PY and Bouwhuis, M and Breuer, H and Brown, DS and Bruell, A and Cadman, RV and Carlini, R and Chant, NS and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Day, DB and Dunne, JA and Dutta, D and Ent, R and Fenker, HC and Fox, B and Gan, L and Gao, H and Garrow, K and Gaskell, D and Gasparian, A and Geesaman, DF and Glashausser, C and Gueye, P and Harvey, M and Jackson,
             HE and Jiang, X and Kinney, ER and Liang, Y and Lorenzon, W and Lung, AF and Mack, DJ and Markowitz, PE and Martin, J and McIlhany, K and McKee, D and Meekins, DG and Miller, MA and Milner, RG and Mitchell, JH and Mkrtchyan, H and Mueller, BA and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Pate, SF and Piercey, RB and Potterveld, DH and Ransome, RD and Reinhold, J and Rollinde, E and Roos, P and Saha, A and Sawafta, R and Segbefia, E and Shin, T and Stepanyan, S and Strauch, S and Sutter, MF and Tadevosyan,
             V and Tang, L and Tieulent, R and Uzzle, A and Vulcan, WF and Wood, SA and Xiong, F and Yuan, L and Zeier, M and Zihlmann, B and Ziskin, V and Baker,
             OK and Danagoulian, S and Gilman, R and Holt, RJ and Keppel, CE and Sarty,
             AJ},
   Title = {Measurement of the high energy two-body deuteron
             photodisintegration differential cross section},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {102302/1-102302/4},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {September},
   Abstract = {The first measurements of the d(γ,p)n differential cross
             section up to Eγ=5.5 GeV were carried out. Results at θcm
             = 70° remain consistent with the scaling previously
             observed in JLAB E89-012. At θcm=53° there appears to be a
             scaling threshold for Egamma≥3 GeV.},
   Key = {fds336444}
}

@article{fds372404,
   Author = {Adhikari, S and Afzal, F and Akondi, CS and Albrecht, M and Amaryan, M and Arroyave, V and Asaturyan, A and Austregesilo, A and Baldwin, Z and Barbosa, F and Barlow, J and Barriga, E and Barsotti, R and Beattie, TD and Berdnikov, VV and Black, T and Boeglin, W and Briscoe, WJ and Britton,
             T and Brooks, WK and Byer, D and Chudakov, E and Cole, PL and Cortes, O and Crede, V and Dalton, MM and Darulis, D and Deur, A and Dobbs, S and Dolgolenko, A and Dotel, R and Dugger, M and Dzhygadlo, R and Ebersole,
             D and Egiyan, H and Erbora, T and Eugenio, P and Fabrizi, A and Fanelli, C and Fang, S and Fegan, S and Fitches, J and Foda, AM and Furletov, S and Gan,
             L and Gao, H and Gardner, A and Gasparian, A and Gleason, C and Goetzen, K and Goryachev, VS and Grube, B and Guo, J and Guo, L and Hague, TJ and Hakobyan, H and Hernandez, J and Hoffman, ND and Hornidge, D and Hou, G and Huber, GM and Hurck, P and Hurley, A and Imoehl, W and Ireland, DG and Ito,
             MM and Jaegle, I and Jarvis, NS and Jeske, T and Jones, RT and Kakoyan, V and Kalicy, G and Khachatryan, V and Khatchatryan, M and Kourkoumelis, C and Laduke, A and Larin, I and Lawrence, D and Lersch, DI and Li, H and Li, WB and Liu, B and Livingston, K and Lolos, GJ and Lorenti, L and Lyubovitskij,
             V and Mack, D and Mahmood, A and Martel, PP and Marukyan, H and Matveev, V and McCaughan, M and McCracken, M and Meyer, CA and Miskimen, R and Mitchell, RE and Mizutani, K and Neelamana, V and Ng, L and Nissen,
             E},
   Title = {Measurement of the J / ψ photoproduction cross section over
             the full near-threshold kinematic region},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {108},
   Number = {2},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.108.025201},
   Abstract = {We report the total and differential cross sections for J/ψ
             photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer
             for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2 GeV up to
             11.44 GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum
             transfer squared, t. Such coverage facilitates the
             extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the
             forward (t=0) point beyond the physical region. The forward
             cross section is used by many theoretical models and plays
             an important role in understanding J/ψ photoproduction and
             its relation to the J/ψ-proton interaction. These
             measurements of J/ψ photoproduction near threshold are also
             crucial inputs to theoretical models that are used to study
             important aspects of the gluon structure of the proton, such
             as the gluon generalized parton distribution of the proton,
             the mass radius of the proton, and the trace anomaly
             contribution to the proton mass. We observe possible
             structures in the total cross section energy dependence and
             find evidence for contributions beyond gluon exchange in the
             differential cross section close to threshold, both of which
             are consistent with contributions from open-charm
             intermediate states.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.108.025201},
   Key = {fds372404}
}

@article{fds246129,
   Author = {Gao, H and Arrington, J and Beise, EJ and Bray, B and Carr, RW and Filippone, BW and Lung, A and McKeown, RD and Mueller, B and Pitt, ML and Jones, CE and DeSchepper, D and Dodson, G and Dow, K and Ent, R and Farkhondeh, M and Hansen, JO and Korsch, W and Kramer, LH and Lee, K and Makins, N and Milner, RG and Tieger, DR and Welch, TP and Candell, E and Napolitano, J and Wojtsekhowski, BB and Tripp, C and Lorenzon,
             W},
   Title = {Measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor from
             inclusive quasielastic scattering of polarized electrons
             from polarized He3},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {50},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {R546-R549},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.50.R546},
   Abstract = {We report a measurement of the asymmetry in spin-dependent
             quasielastic scattering of longitudinally polarized
             electrons from a polarized He3 target. The neutron magnetic
             form factor GMn has been extracted from the measured
             asymmetry based on recent PWIA calculations using
             spin-dependent spectral functions. Our determination of GMn
             at Q2=0.19 (GeV/c)2 agrees with the dipole parametrization.
             This experiment represents the first measurement of the
             neutron magnetic form factor using spin-dependent electron
             scattering. © 1994 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.50.R546},
   Key = {fds246129}
}

@booklet{Ackerstaff97,
   Author = {Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akushevich, I and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, R and Avakian, H and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Barrow, S and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blanchard, S and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov,
             A and Brack, J and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brückner, W and Briill, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Cisbani,
             E and Court, GR and Delheij, PPJ and Devitsin, E and de Jager, CW and de
             Sanctis, E and de Schepper, D and de Witt Huberts and PKA and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick,
             D and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fortune, HT and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian,
             P and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Geiger, P and Gharibyan,
             V and Golendoukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Gute, A and Gyurjyan, V and Haas,
             JP and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Henderson, RS and Henkes, T and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt,
             RJ and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kirsch, M and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster,
             H and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krause, B and Krivokhijine, VG and Kückes, M and Kyle, G and Lachnit, W and Lorenzon,
             W},
   Title = {Measurement of the neutron spin structure function
             gn1 with a polarized 3He
             internal target},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {404},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {383-389},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00611-4},
   Abstract = {Results are reported from the HERMES experiment at HERA on a
             measurement of the neutron spin structure function gn1(x,
             Q2) in deep inelastic scattering using 27.5 GeV
             longitudinally polarized positrons incident on a polarized
             3He internal gas target. The data cover the kinematic range
             0.023 < x < 0.6 and 1 (GeV/c)2 < Q2 < 15 (GeV/c)2. The
             integral ∫0.60.023 gn1(x) dx evaluated at a fixed Q2 of
             2.5 (GeV/c)2 is -0.034 ± 0.013(stat.) ±0.005(syst.).
             Assuming Regge behavior at low x, the first moment Γn1 =
             ∫10 gn1(x) dx is -0.037 ± 0.013(stat.) ±0.005(syst.)
             ±0.006(extrapol.). © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science
             B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00611-4},
   Key = {Ackerstaff97}
}

@article{fds246092,
   Author = {Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akushevich, I and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, R and Avakian, H and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Barrow, S and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blanchard, S and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov,
             A and Brack, J and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brückner, W and Briill, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Cisbani,
             E and Court, GR and Delheij, PPJ and Devitsin, E and Jager, CWD and Sanctis, ED and Schepper, DD and Huberts, PKADW and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick,
             D and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fortune, HT and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian,
             P and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Geiger, P and Gharibyan,
             V and Golendoukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Gute, A and Gyurjyan, V and Haas,
             JP and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Henderson, RS and Henkes, T and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt,
             RJ and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kirsch, M and Kisselev, A and Kitching, P and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster,
             H and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krause, B and Krivokhijine, VG and Kückes, M and Kyle, G and Lachnit, W and Lorenzon,
             W and Lung, A and Makins, NCR and Manaenkov, SI and Martens, FK and Martin,
             JW and Mateos, A and Mcllhany, K and McKeown, RD and Meissner, F and Mercer, D and Metz, A and Meyners, N and Mikloukho, O and Miller, CA and Miller, MA and Milner, RG and Mitsyn, V and Most, A and Mozzetti, R and Muccifora, V and Nagaitsev, A and Naryshkin, Y and Nathan, AM and Neunreither, F and Niczyporuk, M and Nowak, WD and Nupieri, M and Oelwein, P and Ogami, H and O'Neill, TG and Openshaw, R and Papavassiliou, V and Pate, SF and Pitt, M and Potashov, S and Potterveld, DH and Povh, B and Rakness, G and Redwine, R and Reolon, AR and Ristinen, R and Rith, K and Röper, G and Roloff, H and Rossi, P and Rudnitsky, S and Ruh, M and Ryckbosch, D and Sakemi, Y and Savin, I and Schüler, KP and Schwind, A and Shibata, TA and Shin, T and Simon, A and Sinram, K and Smythe, WR and Sowinski, J and Spengos, M and Steffens, E and Stenger, J and Stewart, J and Stock, F and Stoesslein, U and Sutter, M and Tallini, H and Taroian, S and Terkulov, A and Thiessen, DM and Tipton,
             B and Trudel, A and Tytgat, M and Urciuoli, GM and Vyver, RVD and Brand,
             JFJVD and Steenhoven, GVD and Vetterli, MC and Volk, E and Wander, W and Welch, TP and Williamson, SE and Wise, T and Wölfel, T and Zapfe-Düren, K and Zohrabian, H and Zurmühle,
             R},
   Title = {Measurement of the neutron spin structure function
             gn1 with a polarized 3He
             internal target},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {404},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {383-389},
   Year = {1997},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   Abstract = {Results are reported from the HERMES experiment at HERA on a
             measurement of the neutron spin structure function gn1(x,
             Q2) in deep inelastic scattering using 27.5 GeV
             longitudinally polarized positrons incident on a polarized
             3He internal gas target. The data cover the kinematic range
             0.023 &lt; x &lt; 0.6 and 1 (GeV/c)2 &lt; Q2 &lt; 15
             (GeV/c)2. The integral ∫0.60.023 gn1(x) dx evaluated at a
             fixed Q2 of 2.5 (GeV/c)2 is -0.034 ± 0.013(stat.)
             ±0.005(syst.). Assuming Regge behavior at low x, the first
             moment Γn1 = ∫10 gn1(x) dx is -0.037 ± 0.013(stat.)
             ±0.005(syst.) ±0.006(extrapol.). © 1997 Published by
             Elsevier Science B.V.},
   Key = {fds246092}
}

@article{fds246188,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, AAE and Collaboration, HERMES},
   Title = {Measurement of the proton spin structure function
             g1p},
   Journal = {Phys. Lett.},
   Volume = {B442},
   Number = {1-4},
   Pages = {484},
   Year = {1998},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   Abstract = {A measurement of the proton spin structure function
             g1p(x,Q2) in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. The
             data were taken with the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarised
             positron beam at HERA incident on a longitudinally polarised
             pure hydrogen gas target internal to the storage ring. The
             kinematic range is 0.021 &lt; x &lt; 0.85 and 0.8 GeV2 &lt;
             Q2 &lt; 20 GeV2. The integral 0.0210.85(x) dx evaluated at
             Q02 of 2.5 GeV2 is 0.122 ± 0.003(stat.) ± 0.010(syst).
             © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Key = {fds246188}
}

@article{fds304541,
   Author = {Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Akushevich, I and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann, M and Belostotski, S and Belz,
             E and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov, A and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun,
             B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bulten, HJ and Capitani,
             GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court, GR and Dalpiaz,
             PF and De Leo and R and De Sanctis and E and De Schepper and D and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts and PKA and Di Nezza and P and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Ely, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick, D and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fox, B and Frabetti, S and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili,
             ND and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger,
             P and Gharibyan, V and Giordjian, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Guidal, M and Gute, A and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Heinsius, FH and Henoch, M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt,
             RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson,
             HE and Jgoun, A and Kaiser, R and Kinney, E and Kisselev, A and Kitching,
             P and Kobayashi, H and Koch, N and Königsmann, K and Kolstein, M and Kolster, H and Korotkov, V and Korsch, W and Kozlov, V and Kramer, LH and Krivokhijine, VG and Kümmell, F and Kurisuno,
             M},
   Title = {Measurement of the proton spin structure function
             g1p with a pure hydrogen
             target},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {442},
   Number = {1-4},
   Pages = {484-492},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01341-0},
   Abstract = {A measurement of the proton spin structure function
             g1p(x,Q2) in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. The
             data were taken with the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarised
             positron beam at HERA incident on a longitudinally polarised
             pure hydrogen gas target internal to the storage ring. The
             kinematic range is 0.021 < x < 0.85 and 0.8 GeV2 < Q2 < 20
             GeV2. The integral 0.0210.85(x) dx evaluated at Q02 of 2.5
             GeV2 is 0.122 ± 0.003(stat.) ± 0.010(syst). © 1998
             Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01341-0},
   Key = {fds304541}
}

@article{fds246164,
   Author = {al, CCE},
   Title = {Measurement of the Proton's Electric to Magn etic Form
             Factor Ratio from 1H-vector(e-vector,e[prime]p)},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {98},
   Pages = {052301},
   Year = {2007},
   Key = {fds246164}
}

@booklet{Mueller97,
   Author = {Mueller, B and Beck, DH and Beise, EJ and Candell, E and Cardman, L and Carr, R and DiBari, RC and Dodson, G and Dow, K and Duncan, F and Farkhondeh, M and Filippone, BW and Forest, T and Gao, H and Korsch, W and Kowalski, S and Lung, A and McKeown, RD and Mohring, R and Napolitano,
             J and Nilsson, D and Pitt, M and Simicevic, N and Terburg, B and Wells,
             SP},
   Title = {Measurement of the proton’s neutral weak magnetic form
             factor},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {20},
   Pages = {3824-3827},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3824},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of the parity-violating
             asymmetry in elastic electron scattering from the proton.
             The asymmetry depends on the neutral weak magnetic form
             factor of the proton which contains new information on the
             contribution of strange quark-antiquark pairs to the
             magnetic moment of the proton. We obtain the value Gmz =
             0.34 ± 0.09 ± 0.04 ± 0.05 n.m. at Q2 = 0.1 (GeV/c)2. ©
             1997 American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3824},
   Key = {Mueller97}
}

@article{fds346528,
   Author = {Long, E and Zhang, YW and Mihovilovič, M and Jin, G and Sulkosky, V and Kelleher, A and Anderson, B and Higinbotham, DW and Širca, S and Allada, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Boeglin, W and Bradshaw, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Dutta,
             C and El Fassi and L and Flay, D and Frullani, S and Garibaldi, F and Gao, H and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Gomez, J and Hansen, JO and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Ibrahim, H and de Jager,
             CW and Jensen, E and Jiang, X and Jones, M and Kang, H and Katich, J and Khanal, HP and King, PM and Korsch, W and LeRose, J and Lindgren, R and Lu,
             HJ and Luo, W and Markowitz, P and Meziane, M and Michaels, R and Moffit,
             B and Monaghan, P and Muangma, N and Nanda, S and Norum, BE and Pan, K and Parno, D and Piasetzky, E and Posik, M and Punjabi, V and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Qui, X and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Shabestari, M and Shahinyan, A and Shoenrock, B and St. John and J and Subedi, R and Tobias, WA and Tireman, W and Urciuoli, GM and Wang, D and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Watson, J and Wojtsekhowski, B and Ye, Z and Zhan,
             X and Zhang, Y and Zheng, X and Zhao, B and Zhu, L},
   Title = {Measurement of the single-spin asymmetry
             Ay0 in quasi-elastic
             3He(e,e′n) scattering at
             0.4 < Q2 < 1.0 GeV/c2},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {797},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134875},
   Abstract = {Due to the lack of free neutron targets, studies of the
             structure of the neutron are typically made by scattering
             electrons from either 2H or 3He targets. In order to extract
             useful neutron information from a 3He target, one must
             understand how the neutron in a 3He system differs from a
             free neutron by taking into account nuclear effects such as
             final state interactions and meson exchange currents. The
             target single spin asymmetry Ay0 is an ideal probe of such
             effects, as any deviation from zero indicates effects beyond
             plane wave impulse approximation. New measurements of the
             target single spin asymmetry Ay0 at Q2 of 0.46 and 0.96
             (GeV/c)2 were made at Jefferson Lab using the quasi-elastic
             He↑3(e,e′n) reaction. Our measured asymmetry decreases
             rapidly, from >20% at Q2=0.46 (GeV/c)2 to nearly zero at
             Q2=0.96 (GeV/c)2, demonstrating the fall-off of the reaction
             mechanism effects as Q2 increases. We also observed a small
             ϵ-dependent increase in Ay0 compared to previous
             measurements, particularly at moderate Q2. This indicates
             that upcoming high Q2 measurements from the Jefferson Lab 12
             GeV program can cleanly probe neutron structure from
             polarized 3He using plane wave impulse approximation.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134875},
   Key = {fds346528}
}

@booklet{Jones95,
   Author = {Jones, CE and Arrington, J and Beise, EJ and Bray, B and Carr, RW and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Lung, A and McKeown, RD and Mueller, B and Pitt, ML and Deschepper, D and Dodson, G and Dow, K and Ent, R and Farkhondeh, M and Hansen, JO and Korsch, W and Kramer, LH and Lee, K and Makins, NCR and Milner, RG and Tieger, DR and Welch, TP and Candell, E and Napolitano, J and Tripp, C and Wojtsekhowski, BB and Lorenzon,
             W},
   Title = {Measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in 3(e,e)
             inelastic scattering at low energy transfer},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {52},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {1520-1523},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.1520},
   Abstract = {We present the results of a measurement of the
             spin-dependent asymmetry in 3(e,e) inelastic scattering at
             kinematics on the low-energy transfer side of the
             quasielastic peak, including the region near the breakup
             threshold. Comparison with existing calculations based upon
             the plane wave impulse approximation shows significant
             deviation between the data and the model near the breakup
             threshold. Good agreement between data and theory is seen at
             higher energy transfer. © 1995 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.52.1520},
   Key = {Jones95}
}

@article{fds246009,
   Author = {Katich, J and Qian, X and Zhao, YX and Allada, K and Aniol, K and Annand,
             JRM and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Bradshaw, PC and Bosted, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen,
             J-P and Chen, W and Chirapatpimol, K and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Cornejo, JC and Cusanno, F and Dalton, MM and Deconinck, W and de Jager,
             CW and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Ding, H and Dolph, PAM and Dutta,
             C and Dutta, D and El Fassi and L and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gaskell, D and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Guo, L and Hamilton, D and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom,
             T and Huang, J and Huang, M and Ibrahim, HF and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Jin, G and Jones, MK and Kelleher, A and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Korsch,
             W and LeRose, JJ and Li, X and Li, Y and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Long,
             E and Lu, H-J and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and Marrone, S and McNulty, D and Meziani, Z-E and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Muñoz
             Camacho, C and Nanda, S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Oh,
             Y and Osipenko, M and Parno, D and Peng, JC and Phillips, SK and Posik, M and Puckett, AJR and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome, RD and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schulte, E and Shahinyan, A and Shabestari,
             MH and Širca, S and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tang,
             L-G and Tobias, A and Urciuoli, GM and Vilardi, I and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Wojtsekhowski, B and Yan, X and Yao, H and Ye, Y and Ye, Z and Yuan, L and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y-W and Zhao, B and Zheng, X and Zhu, L and Zhu, X and Zong, X},
   Title = {Measurement of the target-normal single-spin asymmetry in
             deep-inelastic scattering from the reaction
             (3)He(↑)(e,e')X.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {113},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {022502},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.113.022502},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of the target-normal
             single-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering from the
             inclusive reaction 3)He(↑)(e,e')X on a polarized (3)He gas
             target. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is
             strictly zero in the Born approximation but can be nonzero
             if two-photon-exchange contributions are included. The
             experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.89 GeV
             electron beam, covers a range of 1.7<W<2.9  GeV,
             1.0<Q(2)<4.0  GeV(2) and 0.16<x<0.65. Neutron
             asymmetries were extracted using the effective nucleon
             polarization and measured proton-to-(3)He cross-section
             ratios. The measured neutron asymmetries are negative with
             an average value of (-1.09±0.38)×10(-2) for invariant mass
             W>2  GeV, which is nonzero at the 2.89σ level. Our
             measured asymmetry agrees both in sign and magnitude with a
             two-photon-exchange model prediction that uses input from
             the Sivers transverse momentum distribution obtained from
             semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.113.022502},
   Key = {fds246009}
}

@article{fds326110,
   Author = {Zhang, Y-W and Long, E and Mihovilovič, M and Jin, G and Allada, K and Anderson, B and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Ayerbe-Gayoso, C and Boeglin, W and Bradshaw, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Dutta, C and El Fassi and L and Flay, D and Frullani, S and Garibaldi, F and Gao, H and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Gomez,
             J and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Ibrahim, H and de Jager, CW and Jensen, E and Jiang, X and St John and J and Jones, M and Kang, H and Katich, J and Khanal, HP and King, P and Korsch,
             W and LeRose, J and Lindgren, R and Lu, H-J and Luo, W and Markowitz, P and Meziane, M and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Monaghan, P and Muangma, N and Nanda, S and Norum, BE and Pan, K and Parno, D and Piasetzky, E and Posik,
             M and Punjabi, V and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Qiu, X and Riordan, S and Ron, G and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schiavilla, R and Schoenrock, B and Shabestari, M and Shahinyan, A and Širca, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tobias, WA and Tireman, W and Urciuoli,
             GM and Wang, D and Wang, K and Wang, Y and Watson, J and Wojtsekhowski, B and Ye, Z and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zheng, X and Zhao, B and Zhu, L and Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration},
   Title = {Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in
             Quasielastic Scattering from the Reaction
             (3)He(↑)(e,e').},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {115},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {172502},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.115.172502},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of the target single-spin
             asymmetry, A(y), in quasielastic scattering from the
             inclusive reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e') on a (3)He gas target
             polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming
             time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero
             for one-photon exchange. A nonzero A(y) can arise from the
             interference between the one- and two-photon exchange
             processes which is sensitive to the details of the
             substructure of the nucleon. An experiment recently
             completed at Jefferson Lab yielded asymmetries with high
             statistical precision at Q(2)=0.13, 0.46, and
             0.97  GeV(2). These measurements demonstrate, for the
             first time, that the (3)He asymmetry is clearly nonzero and
             negative at the 4σ-9σ level. Using measured
             proton-to-(3)He cross-section ratios and the effective
             polarization approximation, neutron asymmetries of -(1-3)%
             were obtained. The neutron asymmetry at high Q(2) is related
             to moments of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs).
             Our measured neutron asymmetry at Q(2)=0.97  GeV(2)
             agrees well with a prediction based on two-photon exchange
             using a GPD model and thus provides a new, independent
             constraint on these distributions.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.115.172502},
   Key = {fds326110}
}

@article{fds331381,
   Author = {DeGrush, A and Maschinot, A and Akdogan, T and Alarcon, R and Bertozzi,
             W and Booth, E and Botto, T and Calarco, JR and Clasie, B and Crawford, C and Dow, K and Farkhondeh, M and Fatemi, R and Filoti, O and Franklin, W and Gao, H and Geis, E and Gilad, S and Hasell, DK and Karpius, P and Kohl, M and Kolster, H and Lee, T and Matthews, J and McIlhany, K and Meitanis, N and Milner, R and Rapaport, J and Redwine, R and Seely, J and Shinozaki, A and Sindile, A and Širca, S and Six, E and Smith, T and Tonguc, B and Tschalär, C and Tsentalovich, E and Turchinetz, W and Xiao, Y and Xu,
             W and Zhou, Z-L and Ziskin, V and Zwart, T and BLAST
             Collaboration},
   Title = {Measurement of the Vector and Tensor Asymmetries at Large
             Missing Momentum in Quasielastic (e[over →],e^{'}p)
             Electron Scattering from Deuterium.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {119},
   Number = {18},
   Pages = {182501},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.119.182501},
   Abstract = {We report the measurement of the beam-vector and tensor
             asymmetries A_{ed}^{V} and A_{d}^{T} in quasielastic (e[over
             →],e^{'}p) electrodisintegration of the deuteron at the
             MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center up to missing momentum
             of 500  MeV/c. Data were collected simultaneously over a
             momentum transfer range 0.1<Q^{2}<0.5  (GeV/c)^{2} with
             the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid using an
             internal deuterium gas target polarized sequentially in both
             vector and tensor states. The data are compared with
             calculations. The beam-vector asymmetry A_{ed}^{V} is found
             to be directly sensitive to the D-wave component of the
             deuteron and has a zero crossing at a missing momentum of
             about 320  MeV/c, as predicted. The tensor asymmetry
             A_{d}^{T} at large missing momentum is found to be dominated
             by the influence of the tensor force in the neutron-proton
             final-state interaction. The new data provide a strong
             constraint on theoretical models.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.119.182501},
   Key = {fds331381}
}

@article{fds320332,
   Author = {Flay, D and Posik, M and Parno, DS and Allada, K and Armstrong, WR and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Camsonne, A and Canan,
             M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Cusanno, F and Dalton, MM and Deconinck, W and De Jager and CW and Deng, X and Deur, A and Dutta, C and Fassi, LE and Franklin, GB and Friend, M and Gao,
             H and Garibaldi, F and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge,
             S and Gomez, J and Guo, L and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom,
             T and Huang, J and Hyde, C and Ibrahim, HF and Jiang, X and Jin, G and Katich,
             J and Kelleher, A and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Kumbartzki, G and LeRose, JJ and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Long, E and Lukhanin, A and Mamyan, V and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Mihovilovič, M and Moffit, B and Muangma, N and Nanda, S and Narayan,
             A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Nuruzzaman, and Oh, Y and Peng, JC and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome, RD and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Shabestari, MH and Shahinyan, A and Širca,
             S and Solvignon, P and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tobias, WA and Troth,
             W and Wang, D and Wang, Y and Wojtsekhowski, B and Yan, X and Yao, H and Ye,
             Y and Ye, Z and Yuan, L and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, YW and Zhao, B and Zheng, X},
   Title = {Measurements of d2n and A1n: Probing the neutron spin
             structure},
   Journal = {Physical Review D},
   Volume = {94},
   Number = {5},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.052003},
   Abstract = {We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed
             at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of
             the twist-3 matrix element d2 of the neutron (d2n) was
             conducted. The quantity d2n represents the average color
             Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic
             electron scattering event off a neutron due to its
             interaction with the hadronizing remnants. This color force
             was determined from a linear combination of the third
             moments of the He3 spin structure functions, g1 and g2,
             after nuclear corrections had been applied to these moments.
             The structure functions were obtained from a measurement of
             the unpolarized cross section and of double-spin asymmetries
             in the scattering of a longitudinally polarized electron
             beam from a transversely and a longitudinally polarized He3
             target. The measurement kinematics included two average Q2
             bins of 3.2 GeV2 and 4.3 GeV2, and Bjorken-x 0.25≤x≤0.90
             covering the deep inelastic and resonance regions. We have
             found that d2n is small and negative for Q2©=3.2 GeV2, and
             even smaller for Q2 ©=4.3 GeV2, consistent with the results
             of a lattice QCD calculation. The twist-4 matrix element f2n
             was extracted by combining our measured d2n with the world
             data on the first moment in x of g1n, Γ1n. We found f2n to
             be roughly an order of magnitude larger than d2n. Utilizing
             the extracted d2n and f2n data, we separated the Lorentz
             color force into its electric and magnetic components, FEy,n
             and FBy,n, and found them to be equal and opposite in
             magnitude, in agreement with the predictions from an
             instanton model but not with those from QCD sum rules.
             Furthermore, using the measured double-spin asymmetries, we
             have extracted the virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry on the
             neutron A1n, the structure function ratio g1n/F1n, and the
             quark ratios (Δu+Δū)/(u+ū) and (Δd+Δd)/(d+d). These
             results were found to be consistent with deep-inelastic
             scattering world data and with the prediction of the
             constituent quark model but at odds with the perturbative
             quantum chromodynamics predictions at large
             x.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.94.052003},
   Key = {fds320332}
}

@article{fds246186,
   Author = {H. Gao and Bochna, C and Terburg, BP and Abbott, DJ and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong,
             CS and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Baker, OK and Barrow, SP and Beatty, DP and Beck, DH and Beedoe, SY and Beise, EJ and Belz, JE and Bosted, PE and Brash, EJ and Breuer, H and Cadman, RV and Cardman, L and Carlini, RD and Cha, J and Chant, NS and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Duncan, FA and Dunne, JA and Dutta,
             D and Eden, T and Ent, R and Filippone, BW and Forest, TA and Fortune, HT and Frolov, VV and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gilman, R and Gueye, PLJ and Gustafsson, KK and Hansen, JO and Harvey, M and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Keppel, CE and Khandaker, MA and Kinney, ER and Klein,
             A and Koltenuk, DM and Kumbartzki, G and Lung, AF and Mack, DJ and Madey,
             R and Markowitz, P and McFarlane, KW and McKeown, RD and Meekins, DG and Meziani, ZE and Miller, MA and Mitchell, JH and Mkrtchyan, HG and Mohring, RM and Napolitano, J and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Owen, BR and Pate, SF and Potterveld,
             DH and Price, JW and Rakness, GL and Ransome, R and Reinhold, J and Rutt,
             PM and Salgado, CW and Savage, G and Segel, RE and Simicevic, N and Stoler,
             P and Suleiman, R and Tang, L and van Westrum, D and Vulcan, WF and Williamson, S and Witkowski, MT and Wood, SA and Yan, C and Zeidman,
             B},
   Title = {Measurements of deuteron photodisintegration up to 4.0
             GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {81},
   Number = {21},
   Pages = {4576-4579},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4576},
   Abstract = {The first measurements of the differential cross section for
             the d(γ, p)n reaction up to 4.0 GeV were performed at the
             Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at
             Thomas Jefferson Laboratory. We report the cross sections at
             the proton center-of-mass angles of 36°, 52°, 69°, and
             89°. These results are in reasonable agreement with
             previous measurements at lower energy. The 89° and 69°
             data show constituent-counting-rule behavior up to 4.0 GeV
             photon energy. The 52° and 36° data disagree with the
             counting-rule behavior. The quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
             model of nuclear reactions involving reduced amplitudes
             disagrees with the present data. © 1998 American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4576},
   Key = {fds246186}
}

@article{fds246025,
   Author = {Alexa, LC and Anderson, BD and Aniol, KA and Arundell, K and Auerbach,
             L and Baker, FT and Berthot, J and Bertin, PY and Bertozzi, W and Bimbot,
             L and Boeglin, WU and Brash, EJ and Breton, V and Breuer, H and Burtin, E and Calarco, JR and Cardman, LS and Cavata, C and Chang, CC and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Dale, DS and Degrande, N and De Leo and R and Deur, A and Hose, ND and Diederich, B and Domingo, JJ and Epstein, MB and Ewell, LA and Finn, JM and Fissum, KG and Fonvieille, H and Frois, B and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Gao, J and Garibaldi, F and Gasparian, A and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Gorbenko, V and Hansen, JO and Holmes, R and Holtrop, M and Howell, C and Huber, GM and Hyde-Wright, C and Iodice, M and De Jager and CW and Jaminion, S and Jardillier, J and Jones, MK and Jutier, C and Kahl, W and Kato, S and Katramatou, AT and Kelly, JJ and Kerhoas, S and Ketikyan, A and Khayat, M and Kino, K and Kramer, LH and Kumar, KS and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Lavessière, G and Leone, A and Le Rose and JJ and Liang, M and Lindgren, RA and Liyanage, N and Lolos, GJ and Lourie, RW and Madey, R and Maeda, K and Malov, S and Manley, DM and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz,
             P and Marroncle, J and Martino, J and Martoff, CJ and Mc Cormick and K and McIntyre, J and Van Der Meer and RLJ and Mehrabyan, S and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Miller, GW and Mougey, JY and Nanda, SK and Neyret, D and Offermann, EAJM and Papandreou, Z and Perdrisat,
             CF},
   Title = {Measurements of the deuteron elastic structure function
             A(Q2) for 0.7 ≤ Q2 ≤
             6.0(GeV/c)2at jefferson laboratory},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1374-1378},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1374},
   Abstract = {The deuteron elastic structure function A(Q2) has been
             extracted in the range 0.7 ≤ Q2 ≤ 6.0(GeV/c)2 from cross
             section measurements of elastic electron-deuteron scattering
             in coincidence using the Hall A Facility of Jefferson
             Laboratory. The data are compared to theoretical models,
             based on the impulse approximation with the inclusion of
             meson-exchange currents, and to predictions of quark
             dimensional scaling and perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
             © 1999 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1374},
   Key = {fds246025}
}

@article{fds333214,
   Author = {Solvignon, P and Liyanage, N and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Slifer, K and Aniol, K and Averett, T and Boeglin, W and Camsonne, A and Cates, GD and Chang, CC and Chudakov, E and Craver, B and Cusanno, F and Deur, A and Dutta, D and Ent, R and Feuerbach, R and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gilman, R and Glashausser, C and Gorbenko, V and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Ibrahim, H and Jiang, X and Jones, M and Kelleher, A and Kelly, J and Keppel, C and Kim, W and Korsch, W and Kramer,
             K and Kumbartzki, G and Lerose, JJ and Lindgren, R and Ma, B and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and McCormick, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Monaghan, P and Munoz Camacho and C and Paschke, K and Reitz, B and Saha, A and Shneor, R and Singh, J and Sulkosky, V and Tobias, A and Urciuoli, GM and Wang, K and Wijesooriya,
             K and Wojtsekhowski, B and Woo, S and Yang, JC and Zheng, X and Zhu,
             L},
   Title = {Moments of the neutron g2 structure function at intermediate
             Q2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {1},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.015208},
   Abstract = {We present new experimental results for the He3 spin
             structure function g2 in the resonance region at Q2 values
             between 1.2 and 3.0(GeV/c)2. Spin dependent moments of the
             neutron were extracted. Our main result, the inelastic
             contribution to the neutron d2 matrix element, was found to
             be small at (Q2)=2.4(GeV/c)2 and in agreement with the
             lattice QCD calculation. The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule
             for He3 and the neutron was tested with the measured data
             and using the Wandzura-Wilczek relation for the low x
             unmeasured region.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.92.015208},
   Key = {fds333214}
}

@article{fds246175,
   Author = {Makins, NCR and Ent, R and Chapman, MS and Hansen, JO and Lee, K and Milner, RG and Nelson, J and Arnold, RG and Bosted, PE and Keppel, CE and Lung, A and Rock, SE and Spengos, M and Szalata, ZM and Tao, LH and White,
             JL and Coulter, KP and Geesaman, DF and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Papavassiliou, V and Potterveld, DH and Zeidman, B and Arrington, J and Beise, EJ and Belz, E and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Lorenzon, W and Mueller, B and McKeown, RD and O'Neill, TG and Epstein, M and Margaziotis, DJ and Napolitano, J and Kinney, E and Anthony, PL and Van
             Bibber, K and Dietrich, FS and Gearhart, RA and Patratos, GG and Kuhn,
             SE and Van Den Brand and JFJ and Bulten, HJ and Jones,
             CE},
   Title = {Momentum transfer dependence of nuclear transparency from
             the quasielastic C12(e,e'p) reaction},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {72},
   Number = {13},
   Pages = {1986-1989},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.1986},
   Abstract = {The cross section for quasielastic C12(e,e'p) scattering has
             been measured at momentum transfer Q2=1, 3, 5, and 6.8
             (GeV/c)2. The results are consistent with scattering from a
             single nucleon as the dominant process. The nuclear
             transparency is obtained and compared with theoretical
             calculations that incorporate color transparency effects. No
             significant rise of the transparency with Q2 is observed. ©
             1994 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.1986},
   Key = {fds246175}
}

@article{fds246140,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, PAE},
   Title = {Near Threshold Electropoduction of the omega meson at
             Q^2=0.5 (GeV/c)^2},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {035203},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.035203},
   Abstract = {Electroproduction of the ω meson was investigated in
             1H(e,e′p)ω reaction. The measurement was performed
             at a four-momentum transfer Q 2≈0.5 GeV 2. Angular
             distributions of the virtual photon-proton
             center-of-momentum cross sections have been extracted over
             the full angular range. These distributions exhibit a strong
             enhancement over t-channel parity exchange processes in the
             backward direction. According to a newly developed
             electroproduction model, this enhancement provides
             significant evidence of resonance formation in the γ*p
             → ωp reaction channel.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.70.035203},
   Key = {fds246140}
}

@article{fds304555,
   Author = {Ambrozewicz, P and Mitchell, J and Dunne, J and Markowitz, P and Martoff, CJ and Reinhold, J and Zeidman, B and Abbott, DJ and Ahmidouch,
             A and Armstrong, CS and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Bailey, K and Baker, OK and Beedoe, S and Breuer, H and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Collins, G and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Day,
             D and Duncan, F and Dutta, D and Eden, T and Ent, R and Ewell, L and Fortune,
             HT and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gueye, P and Gustafsson, KK and Hansen,
             JO and Hinton, W and Keppel, CE and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Mack, DJ and Madey, R and Meekins, DG and Mkrtchyan, H and Mohring, RM and Mtingwa,
             SK and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Raue, BA and Roos, P and Savage, G and Sawafta, R and Segel,
             RE and Stepanyan, S and Tadevosyan, V and Tang, L and Terburg, BP and Wood,
             S and Yan, C and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {Near threshold electroproduction of the ω meson at Q
             2≈0.5 GeV2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {0352031-0352039},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.035203},
   Abstract = {Electroproduction of the ω meson was investigated in
             1H(e,e′p)ω reaction. The measurement was performed at a
             four-momentum transfer Q2≈0.5 GeV2. Angular distributions
             of the virtual photon-proton center-of-momentum cross
             sections have been extracted over the full angular range.
             These distributions exhibit a strong enhancement over
             t-channel parity exchange processes in the backward
             direction. According to a newly developed electroproduction
             model, this enhancement provides significant evidence of
             resonance formation in the γ*p → ωp reaction
             channel.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.70.035203},
   Key = {fds304555}
}

@article{fds246108,
   Author = {al, HGWXQE},
   Title = {Near-threshold Photoproduction of phi Mesons from
             Deuterium},
   Journal = {Phys. Lett. B},
   Volume = {696},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {338},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2011},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.12.065},
   Abstract = {We report the first, kinematically-complete measurement of
             the differential cross section of Φ-meson photoproduction
             from deuterium near the production threshold for a proton
             using the CLAS detector and a tagged-photon beam in Hall B
             at Jefferson Lab. The measurement was carried out by a
             triple coincidence detection of a proton, K+ and K- near the
             theoretical production threshold of 1.57 GeV. The extracted
             differential cross sections dσ/dt for the initial photon
             energy range of 1.65-1.75 GeV are consistent with
             predictions based on a quasifree mechanism. Our finding is
             different from recent LEPS results on Φ-meson
             photoproduction from deuterium in a similar incident photon
             energy range, but in a different momentum transfer region.
             © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2010.12.065},
   Key = {fds246108}
}

@article{fds246071,
   Author = {Gao, H and Chen, JP and Cisbani, E and Jiang, X and Peng, JC and Qian, X and Zhu, LY},
   Title = {Neutron transversity measurement at Jefferson Lab with a
             polarized 3He target},
   Journal = {Few-Body Systems},
   Volume = {41},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {43-52},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0177-7963},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00601-007-0186-2},
   Abstract = {A first measurement of single target spin asymmetry (SSA)
             from semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions from
             a transversely polarized 3He target in deep-inelastic-scattering
             kinematics will take data in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in
             2008. Such SSA will allow for an extraction of the much
             desired information on the Collins and Sivers asymmetry from
             the "neutron" in order to probe the quark transversity
             distributions. The experiment will be a coincidence
             measurement with the BigBite spectrometer detecting the
             scattered electrons and the left-arm HRS spectrometer
             detecting the charged pions. The prospect of future 11∈GeV
             measurements at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a solenoid
             magnetic detector system is also discussed in this talk. ©
             2007 Springer-Verlag.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s00601-007-0186-2},
   Key = {fds246071}
}

@article{fds246114,
   Author = {al, HGWJSE},
   Title = {New measurements of the EMC effect in very light
             nuclei},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {103},
   Pages = {202301},
   Year = {2009},
   Key = {fds246114}
}

@article{fds246076,
   Author = {Seely, J and Daniel, A and Gaskell, D and Arrington, J and Fomin, N and Solvignon, P and Asaturyan, R and Benmokhtar, F and Boeglin, W and Boillat, B and Bosted, P and Bruell, A and Bukhari, MHS and Christy, ME and Clasie, B and Connell, S and Dalton, MM and Day, D and Dunne, J and Dutta,
             D and El Fassi and L and Ent, R and Fenker, H and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Hill, C and Holt, RJ and Horn, T and Hungerford, E and Jones, MK and Jourdan, J and Kalantarians, N and Keppel, CE and Kiselev, D and Kotulla, M and Lee, C and Lung, AF and Malace, S and Meekins, DG and Mertens, T and Mkrtchyan, H and Navasardyan, T and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and Nomura, H and Okayasu, Y and Opper, AK and Perdrisat,
             C and Potterveld, DH and Punjabi, V and Qian, X and Reimer, PE and Roche,
             J and Rodriguez, VM and Rondon, O and Schulte, E and Segbefia, E and Slifer, K and Smith, GR and Tadevosyan, V and Tajima, S and Tang, L and Testa, G and Trojer, R and Tvaskis, V and Vulcan, WF and Wesselmann, FR and Wood, SA and Wright, J and Yuan, L and Zheng, X},
   Title = {New measurements of the European Muon Collaboration effect
             in very light nuclei.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {20},
   Pages = {202301},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.202301},
   Abstract = {New Jefferson Lab data are presented on the nuclear
             dependence of the inclusive cross section from (2)H, (3)He,
             (4)He, (9)Be and (12)C for 0.3 < x < 0.9, Q(2) approximately
             3-6 GeV(2). These data represent the first measurement of
             the EMC effect for (3)He at large x and a significant
             improvement for (4)He. The data do not support previous
             A-dependent or density-dependent fits to the EMC effect and
             suggest that the nuclear dependence of the quark
             distributions may depend on the local nuclear
             environment.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.103.202301},
   Key = {fds246076}
}

@article{fds246064,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {New results from BLAST on the nucleon electromagnetic form
             factors},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {870},
   Pages = {25-32},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0094-243X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402594},
   Abstract = {Recently, a new experiment was carried out in the South Hall
             Ring at the MIT-Bates Accelerator Laboratory. This
             experiment utilized a polarized electron beam, a pure
             hydrogen (deuterium) internal polarized gas target, and the
             symmetric Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST)
             detector. The proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio,
             GEpG Mp at Q2= 0.15 - 0.65 (GeV/c)2 has been determined from
             the experiment by measuring the spin-dependent ep elastic
             scattering asymmetry in both sectors simultaneously. This is
             the first experiment to measure GEpGMp using a polarized
             proton target, which is complementary to recoil polarimetry
             experiments. The neutron magnetic form factor GMn has been
             extracted from the measurement of the spin-dependent
             asymmetry from the inclusive d(e,e) process in a similar Q2
             with a vector polarized deuterium target, and the neutron
             electric form factor GEn has been extracted by measuring the
             spin-dependent asymmetry from the coincidence d(e,e′n)
             process simultaneously. Preliminary results on the nucleon
             form factors from the BLAST experiment are presented. ©
             2006 American Institute of Physics.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.2402594},
   Key = {fds246064}
}

@article{fds246074,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {New results from the bates large acceptance spectrometer
             toroid (blast)},
   Journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics E},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {209-219},
   Publisher = {WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0218-3013},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218301309012227},
   Abstract = {An experiment using the novel technique of scattering a
             longitudinally polarized electron beam from polarized
             internal hydrogen/deuterium gas targets was carried out in
             the South Hall Ring at the MIT-Bates Accelerator Center. The
             scattered particles were detected by the Bates Large
             Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) detector. The proton
             electric to magnetic form factor ratio, $\frac{G-E^p}{G-M^p}$
             at Q2 = 0.1 - 0.65 (GeV/c) 2 has been determined from the
             experiment by measuring the spin-dependent ep elastic
             scattering asymmetry in the two symmetric sectors of the
             BLAST simultaneously for the first time. The neutron
             electric form factor $G-E^n$ in the same Q2 range has been
             extracted by measuring the spin-dependent asymmetry from the
             $\vec d(\vec e,e'n)$ process with a vector polarized
             deuterium target. These results on the nucleon form factors
             from the BLAST experiment are presented. © 2009 World
             Scientific Publishing Company.},
   Doi = {10.1142/S0218301309012227},
   Key = {fds246074}
}

@article{fds345679,
   Author = {Gao, H and Liu, T and Zhao, Z},
   Title = {New results on spin and 3D structure measurements},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {316},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.316.0234},
   Abstract = {The nucleon spin structure has puzzled the physics community
             for about 30 years since the original discovery made by the
             EMC collaboration in late 1980s that the quark spin only
             contributes a small fraction to the nucleon spin. With major
             efforts from both theoretical and experimental sides, the
             quark spin contribution is relatively well known and the
             gluon spin contribution is becoming known in recent years.
             To fully understand the nucleon spin structure, the study
             has gone beyond one dimensional to three dimensional (3D) to
             probe the confined motion and access the orbital angular
             momentum of the partons inside the nucleon. In this paper,
             we briefly review the experimental status and the progress
             during the last year on the study of nucleon spin and 3D
             structures.},
   Doi = {10.22323/1.316.0234},
   Key = {fds345679}
}

@article{fds246174,
   Author = {Lorenzon, W and Gentile, TR and Gao, H and McKeown,
             RD},
   Title = {NMR calibration of optical measurement of nuclear
             polarization in He3},
   Journal = {Physical Review A},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {468-479},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1993},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.47.468},
   Abstract = {We have performed precise NMR measurements in order to
             calibrate a standard optical technique for measuring the
             polarization of He3 nuclei. This optical technique requires
             knowledge of the pressure-dependent relationship between the
             nuclear polarization and the degree of circular polarization
             of the 668-nm light emitted from a He3 discharge. We
             determined the nuclear polarization by comparing the
             adiabatic fast-passage NMR signal from samples of polarized
             He3 at pressures between 0.1 and 5 torr to an identical
             sample of water. For water, the polarization is known from
             statistical mechanics. The He3 is polarized using the
             metastability exchange technique for optical pumping of He3.
             The accuracy of the calibration is 2%, which is required for
             applications in nuclear physics. © 1993 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.47.468},
   Key = {fds246174}
}

@article{fds348134,
   Author = {Huang, Y and Yi, H and Xiao, ZG and Zhang, Z and Cheng, WJ and Lü, LM and Yan, WH and Wang, RS and Li, HJ and Zhang, Y and Duan, LM and Hu, RJ and Lu,
             CG and Yang, HR and Ma, P and Gao, HY},
   Title = {Non-uniformity effects of the inter-foil distance on GEM
             detector performance},
   Journal = {Chinese Physics C},
   Volume = {40},
   Number = {4},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/40/4/046001},
   Abstract = {The non-uniformity effect of the inter-foil distance has
             been studied using a gaseous electron multiplication (GEM)
             detector with sensitive area of 50mm × 50mm. A gradient of
             the inter-foil distance is introduced by using spacers with
             different heights at the two ends of the foil gap. While the
             cluster size and the intrinsic spatial resolution show
             insignificant dependence on the inter-foil distance, the
             gain exhibits an approximately linear dependence on the
             inter-foil distance. From the slope, a quantitative
             relationship between the change of the inter-foil distance
             and the change of the gain is derived, which can be used as
             a method to evaluate the non-uniformity of the foil gap in
             the application of large-area GEM detectors.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1674-1137/40/4/046001},
   Key = {fds348134}
}

@article{fds37609,
   Author = {H. Gao and J. Alcorn and et al.},
   Title = {Nucl. Instru. Method A},
   Volume = {522},
   Pages = {294-346},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {fds37609}
}

@article{fds246132,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KAE},
   Title = {Nuclear effects on R=o(L)/o(T) in deep inelastic
             scattering},
   Journal = {Phys. Lett. B},
   Volume = {475},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {386-394},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2000},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01493-8},
   Abstract = {Cross section ratios for deep-inelastic scattering from 14N
             and 3He with respect to 2H have been measured by the HERMES
             experiment at DESY using a 27.5 GeV positron beam. The data
             cover a range in the Bjorken scaling variable x between
             0.013 and 0.65, while the negative squared four-momentum
             transfer Q2 varies from 0.5 to 15 GeV2. The data are
             compared to measurements performed by NMC, E665, and SLAC on
             4He and 12C, and are found to be different for x<0.06 and
             Q2<1.5 GeV2. The observed difference is attributed to an
             A-dependence of the ratio R = σL/σT of longitudinal to
             transverse deep-inelastic scattering cross sections at low x
             and low Q2. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01493-8},
   Key = {fds246132}
}

@article{fds372890,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Nuclear Physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics News},
   Volume = {33},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {5-10},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2198908},
   Doi = {10.1080/10619127.2023.2198908},
   Key = {fds372890}
}

@article{fds246184,
   Author = {Fedchak, JA and Bailey, K and Cummings, WJ and Gao, H and Holt, RJ and Jones, CE and Kowalczyk, RS and O'Neill, T and Poelker,
             M},
   Title = {Nuclear tensor polarization in a laser-driven polarized
             deuterium internal target},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {417},
   Number = {2-3},
   Pages = {182-196},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00738-4},
   Abstract = {We present the results of the first direct measurement of
             nuclear polarization in an optically pumped spin-exchange
             polarized deuterium target. Measurements of the nuclear
             tensor polarization pzz are made in a storage cell as a
             function of flow of deuterium nuclei. For these
             measurements, the optical pumping was performed on atoms in
             magnetic fields of 600 and 3600 G. These measurements verify
             that the spin-exchange method is capable of producing
             polarized deuterium nuclei without the use of rf
             transitions. The electronic polarization, Pe, is also
             measured. The Pe and pzz measurements at 600 G indicate that
             the system is in spin-temperature equilibrium, whereas the
             3600 G measurements show signatures of non-equilibrium
             effects. Pe is also measured with the system operated as a
             source of polarized atoms, with no storage cell. These
             measurements are compared with previous measurements using a
             similar source. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00738-4},
   Key = {fds246184}
}

@article{fds246110,
   Author = {al, HGWNE},
   Title = {Nuclear transparency and effective kaon-nucleon cross
             section from the $A(e,e' K^+$) reaction},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {015210},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2011},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.015210},
   Abstract = {We have determined the transparency of the nuclear medium to
             kaons from A(e,e′K+) measurements on C12, Cu63, and Au197
             targets. The measurements were performed at the Jefferson
             Laboratory and span a range in four-momentum-transfer
             squared Q2=1.1-3.0GeV2. The nuclear transparency was defined
             as the ratio of measured kaon electroproduction cross
             sections with respect to deuterium (σA/σD). We further
             extracted the atomic number (A) dependence of the
             transparency as parametrized by T=(A/2)α-1 and, within a
             simple model assumption, the in-medium effective
             kaon-nucleon cross sections. The effective cross sections
             extracted from the electroproduction data were found to be
             smaller than the free cross sections determined from
             kaon-nucleon scattering experiments, and the parameter α
             was found to be significantly larger than those obtained
             from kaon-nucleus scattering. We have included similar
             comparisons between pion- and proton-nucleon effective cross
             sections as determined from electron-scattering experiments
             and pion-nucleus and proton-nucleus scattering data. © 2011
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.84.015210},
   Key = {fds246110}
}

@article{fds246151,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KGE},
   Title = {Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A(e,e'p) reactions up
             to Q^2 of 8.1 (GeV/c)^2},
   Journal = {Phys Rev. C},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {044613},
   Year = {2002},
   Abstract = {The quasielastic (e,e'p) reaction was studied on targets of
             deuterium, carbon, and iron up to a value of momentum
             transfer Q2 of 8.1 (GeV/c)2. A nuclear transparency was
             determined by comparing the data to calculations in the
             plane-wave impulse approximation. The dependence of the
             nuclear transparency on Q2 and the mass number A was
             investigated in a search for the onset of the color
             transparency phenomenon. We find no evidence for the onset
             of color transparency within our range of Q2. A fit to the
             world's nuclear transparency data reflects the energy
             dependence of the free-proton-nucleon cross
             section.},
   Key = {fds246151}
}

@article{fds332008,
   Author = {Garrow, K and McKee, D and Ahmidouch, A and Armstrong, CS and Arrington,
             J and Asaturyan, R and Avery, S and Baker, OK and Beck, DH and Blok, HP and Bochna, CW and Boeglin, W and Bosted, P and Bouwhuis, M and Breuer, H and Brown, DS and Bruell, A and Carlini, RD and Chant, NS and Cochran, A and Cole, L and Danagoulian, S and Day, DB and Dunne, J and Dutta, D and Ent,
             R and Fenker, HC and Fox, B and Gan, L and Gaskell, D and Gasparian, A and Gao, H and Geesaman, DF and Gilman, R and Guèye, PLJ and Harvey, M and Holt, RJ and Jiang, X and Keppel, CE and Kinney, E and Liang, Y and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and Mack, DJ and Markowitz, P and Martin, JW and McIlhany, K and Meekins, D and Miller, MA and Milner, RG and Mitchell,
             JH and Mkrtchyan, H and Mueller, BA and Nathan, A and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Pate, S and Piercey, RB and Potterveld, D and Ransome, RD and Reinhold, J and Rollinde, E and Roos, P and Sarty, AJ and Sawafta, R and Schulte, EC and Segbefia, E and Smith, C and Stepanyan, S and Strauch, S and Tadevosyan,
             V and Tang, L and Tieulent, R and Uzzle, A and Vulcan, WF and Wood, SA and Xiong, F and Yuan, L and Zeier, M and Zihlmann, B and Ziskin,
             V},
   Title = {Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A(e,e′p) reactions
             up to Q2 = 8.1 (GeV/c)2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {446131-4461310},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044613},
   Abstract = {The quasielastic (e,e'p) reaction was studied on targets of
             deuterium, carbon, and iron up to a value of momentum
             transfer Q2 of 8.1 (GeV/c)2. A nuclear transparency was
             determined by comparing the data to calculations in the
             plane-wave impulse approximation. The dependence of the
             nuclear transparency on Q2 and the mass number A was
             investigated in a search for the onset of the color
             transparency phenomenon. We find no evidence for the onset
             of color transparency within our range of Q2. A fit to the
             world's nuclear transparency data reflects the energy
             dependence of the free-proton-nucleon cross
             section.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044613},
   Key = {fds332008}
}

@article{fds246142,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, DDE},
   Title = {Nuclear Transparency with the γn → π¯p
             Process in 4He},
   Journal = {Physical Review C (Rapid Communications)},
   Volume = {68},
   Pages = {021001(R)},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {August},
   Key = {fds246142}
}

@article{fds315784,
   Author = {al, DDE},
   Title = {Nuclear transparency with the gamma n--> pi ^{-} p process
             in ^{4}He},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {68},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {021001R},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2003},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000185193000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We have measured the nuclear transparency of the fundamental
             process (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) These
             measurements were performed at Jefferson Lab in the photon
             energy range of 1.6–4.5 GeV and at (Formula presented) and
             (Formula presented) These measurements are the first of
             their kind in the study of nuclear transparency in
             photoreactions. They also provide a benchmark test of
             Glauber calculations based on traditional models of nuclear
             physics. The transparency results suggest deviations from
             the traditional nuclear physics picture. The momentum
             transfer dependence of the measured nuclear transparency is
             consistent with Glauber calculations that include the
             quantum chromodynamics phenomenon of color transparency. ©
             2003 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.68.021001},
   Key = {fds315784}
}

@article{fds246046,
   Author = {Dutta, D and Xiong, F and Zhu, LY and Arrington, J and Averett, T and Beise, E and Calarco, J and Chang, T and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and Coman, M and Clasie, B and Crawford, C and Dieterich, S and Dohrmann, F and Fissum, K and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Hafidi, K and Hansen, JO and Higinbotham, DW and Holt, RJ and Jager, CWD and Jiang, X and Kinney, E and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and LeRose, J and Liyanage, N and Mack, D and Markowitz, P and McCormick, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Mitchell, J and Nanda, S and Potterveld,
             D and Ransome, R and Reimer, PE and Reitz, B and Saha, A and Schulte, EC and Seely, J and Širca, S and Strauch, S and Sulkosky, V and Vlahovic, B and Weinstein, LB and Wijesooriya, K and Williamson, CF and Wojtsekhowski, B and Xiang, H and Xu, W and Zeng, J and Zheng,
             X},
   Title = {Nuclear transparency with the γn → π-p
             process in 4He},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {68},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {210011-210015},
   Year = {2003},
   Abstract = {We have measured the nuclear transparency of the fundamental
             process γn → π-p in 4He. These measurements were
             performed at Jefferson Lab in the photon energy range of
             1.6-4.5 GeV and at θcmπ = 70° and 90°. These
             measurements are the first of their kind in the study of
             nuclear transparency in photoreactions. They also provide a
             benchmark test of Glauber calculations based on traditional
             models of nuclear physics. The transparency results suggest
             deviations from the traditional nuclear physics picture. The
             momentum transfer dependence of the measured nuclear
             transparency is consistent with Glauber calculations that
             include the quantum chromodynamics phenomenon of color
             transparency.},
   Key = {fds246046}
}

@article{fds346399,
   Author = {Zhao, Z and Liu, T and Gao, H},
   Title = {Nucleon 3D imaging program with soLID at Jefferson
             Lab},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {346},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {The 3D imaging of nucleon is at the frontier of
             understanding the visible Universe and QCD. There are many
             efforts to access the nucleon’s 3D partonic structure both
             in the transverse coordinate space (Generalized Parton
             Distributions) and in the transverse momentum space
             (Transverse Momentum Dependent distributions). The proposed
             Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) in Hall A at
             Jefferson Lab will fully utilize the great physics potential
             of the 12-GeV energy upgrade by combining high luminosities
             and large acceptance to allow high precision measurements of
             the observables of interest in a wide kinematic region. We
             present an overview of the experiment plan and highlight
             some of the expected physics results.},
   Key = {fds346399}
}

@article{fds246060,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Nucleon electromagnetic form factors},
   Journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics A},
   Volume = {20},
   Number = {8-9},
   Pages = {1595-1600},
   Publisher = {World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X05023049},
   Abstract = {The nucleon electromagnetic form factors have been studied
             in the past extensively from unpolarized electron scattering
             experiments. With the development in polarized beam, recoil
             polarimetry, and polarized target technologies, polarization
             experiments have provided more precise data on these
             quantities. In this talk, I review recent experimental
             progress on this subject. © World Scientific Publishing
             Company.},
   Doi = {10.1142/S0217751X05023049},
   Key = {fds246060}
}

@article{fds246166,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Nucleon electromagnetic form factors},
   Journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics E},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-40},
   Publisher = {World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S021830130300117X},
   Abstract = {Nucleon electromagnetic form factors are fundamental
             quantities related to the charge and magnetization
             distributions inside the nucleon. Understanding the nucleon
             electromagnetic structure in terms of the underlying quark
             and gluon degrees of freedom of quantum chromodynamics is a
             challenging and urgent task. The nucleon electromagnetic
             form factors have been studied in the past extensively in
             unpolarized electron scattering experiments. With the
             development in polarized beam, recoil polarimetry, and
             polarized target technologies, polarization experiments have
             provided more precise data on these quantities. At the same
             time, significant theoretical progress in areas ranging from
             effective field theories to lattice QCD calculations, has
             been made in describing these data. In this article, we
             review recent experimental and theoretical progress on this
             subject. We also provide the future outlook on this
             topic.},
   Doi = {10.1142/S021830130300117X},
   Key = {fds246166}
}

@article{fds304551,
   Author = {Dutta, D and Gao, H and Lee, TSH},
   Title = {Nucleon resonances with double polarization observables of
             pion photoproduction},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {65},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {446191-446196},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.65.044619},
   Abstract = {The role of the nucleon resonances in the double
             polarization observables of pion photoproduction is
             investigated by using the resonance parameters predicted by
             Capstick and Roberts. As an example, we show that the
             not-well-determined two-star resonance N3/2-(1960) can be
             examined by performing experiments on beam-recoil
             polarization at large angles.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.65.044619},
   Key = {fds304551}
}

@article{fds246077,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Nucleon transversity study using a polarized 3He
             target in Hall A at JLab},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
   Volume = {844},
   Number = {1-4},
   Pages = {202c-205c},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0375-9474},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.036},
   Abstract = {A first measurement of Single target Spin Asymmetry (SSA)
             from semi-inclusive electro-production of charged pions from
             a transversely polarized 3He target in Deep-Inelastic-Scattering
             kinematics was completed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in early
             2009. Such SSA will allow for an extraction of the much
             desired information on the Collins and Sivers asymmetry from
             the "neutron" in order to probe the quark transversity
             distributions. Future 11 GeV measurements at Jefferson Lab
             in Hall A using a solenoid magnetic detector system is being
             planned. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.036},
   Key = {fds246077}
}

@article{fds246172,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KAE and Collaboration, HERMES},
   Title = {Observation of a coherence length effect in exclusive
             rho_0},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {3025},
   Year = {1999},
   Abstract = {Exclusive incoherent electroproduction of the ρ0(770)
             meson from 1H, 2H, 3He, and 14N targets has been studied by
             the HERMES experiment at squared four-momentum transfer Q2
             &gt; 0.4 GeV2 and positron energy loss v from 9 to 20 GeV.
             The ratio of the 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, known
             as the nuclear transparency, was found to decrease with
             increasing coherence length of quark-antiquark fluctuations
             of the virtual photon. The data provide clear evidence of
             the interaction of the quark-antiquark fluctuations with the
             nuclear medium. © 1999 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Key = {fds246172}
}

@article{fds304542,
   Author = {Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Akushevich, I and Amarian, M and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, H and Avakian, R and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Barrow, S and Baumgarten, C and Beckmann,
             M and Belostotski, S and Belz, JE and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blanchard, S and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov,
             A and Brack, J and Brauksiepe, S and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bruins, EEW and Bulten, HJ and Cadman,
             RV and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Court,
             GR and Dalpiaz, PF and Delheij, PPJ and De Sanctis and E and De Schepper,
             D and Devitsin, E and de Witt Huberts and PKA and Di Nezza and P and Düren,
             M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Ely, J and Emerson, J and Fantoni,
             A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick, D and Fiedler, K and Filippone, BW and Fischer, H and Fortune, HT and Fox, B and Frabetti, S and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk, MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian,
             P and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Giordjian, V and Golendukhin, A and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, PW and Greeniaus, LG and Grosshauser, C and Guidal, MG and Gute, A and Gyurjyan, V and Haas, JP and Haeberli, W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Häusser, O and Heinsius, FH and Henderson,
             RS and Henkes, T and Henoch, M and Hertenberger, R and Holler, Y and Holt,
             RJ and Hoprich, W and Ihssen, H and Iodice, M and Izotov, A and Jackson,
             HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaiser, R},
   Title = {Observation of a coherence length effect in exclusive
             ρ0 Electroproduction},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {3025-3029},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.3025},
   Abstract = {Exclusive incoherent electroproduction of the ρ0(770) meson
             from 1H, 2H, 3He, and 14N targets has been studied by the
             HERMES experiment at squared four-momentum transfer Q2 >
             0.4GeV2 and positron energy loss v from 9 to 20 GeV. The
             ratio of the 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, known as
             the nuclear transparency, was found to decrease with
             increasing coherence length of quark-antiquark fluctuations
             of the virtual photon. The data provide clear evidence of
             the interaction of the quark-antiquark fluctuations with the
             nuclear medium. © 1999 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.3025},
   Key = {fds304542}
}

@article{fds246199,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, TMIE},
   Title = {Parity-violating Electron Deuteron Scattering and the
             Proton's},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {102003},
   Year = {2004},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.102003},
   Abstract = {The parity-violating asymmetry was investigated in
             quasielastic electron scattering from deuteron with
             determination of neutral weak axial vector form factor. The
             backward angles at Q2 = 0.038 (GeV/c)2 from deuteron
             scattering provided value of neutral weak axial vector form
             factor of nucleon with potentially large electroweak
             corrections. The scattered electron events were generated
             uniformly in energy, angle and position along target length
             in simulation. The correction factor for radiative effects
             was evaluated by comparing asymmetry with radiative effects
             included in simulation.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.102003},
   Key = {fds246199}
}

@article{fds304553,
   Author = {Ito, TM and Averett, T and Barkhuff, D and Batigne, G and Beck, DH and Beise, EJ and Blake, A and Breuer, H and Carr, R and Clasie, B and Covrig,
             S and Danagoulian, A and Dodson, G and Dow, K and Dutta, D and Farkhondeh,
             M and Filippone, BW and Franklin, W and Furget, C and Gao, H and Gao, J and Gustafsson, K and Hannelius, L and Hasty, R and Hawthorne-Allen, AM and Herda, MC and Jones, CE and King, P and Korsch, W and Kowalski, S and Kox,
             S and Kramer, K and Lee, P and Liu, J and Martin, JW and McKeown, RD and Mueller, B and Pitt, ML and Plaster, B and Quéméner, G and Réal, JS and Ritter, J and Roche, J and Savu, V and Schiavilla, R and Seely, J and Spayde, D and Suleiman, R and Taylor, S and Tieulent, R and Tipton, B and Tsentalovich, E and Wells, SP and Yang, B and Yuan, J and Yun, J and Zwart,
             T},
   Title = {Parity-Violating Electron Deuteron Scattering and the
             Proton's Neutral Weak Axial Vector Form Factor},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {102003-102001},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.102003},
   Abstract = {The parity-violating asymmetry was investigated in
             quasielastic electron scattering from deuteron with
             determination of neutral weak axial vector form factor. The
             backward angles at Q2 = 0.038 (GeV/c)2 from deuteron
             scattering provided value of neutral weak axial vector form
             factor of nucleon with potentially large electroweak
             corrections. The scattered electron events were generated
             uniformly in energy, angle and position along target length
             in simulation. The correction factor for radiative effects
             was evaluated by comparing asymmetry with radiative effects
             included in simulation.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.102003},
   Key = {fds304553}
}

@article{fds246152,
   Author = {Marrone, S and Wojtsekhowski, BB and Acha, A and Cisbani, E and Coman,
             M and Cusanno, F and De Jager and CW and De Leo and R and Gao, H and Garibaldi,
             F and Higinbotham, DW and Iodice, M and Lerose, JJ and Macchia, D and Markowitz, P and Nappi, E and Palmisano, F and Urciuoli, GM and Van Der
             Werf and I and Xiang, H and Zhu, LY},
   Title = {Performance of the two aerogel Cherenkov detectors of the
             JLab hall a hadron spectrometer},
   Journal = {Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica
             B},
   Volume = {124},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {99-114},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1594-9982},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1393/ncb/i2009-10743-5},
   Abstract = {We report on the design and commissioning of two silica
             aerogel Cherenkov detectors with different refractive
             indices. In particular, very high performance in terms of
             the number of detected photoelectrons was achieved through
             an appropriate choice of PMT type and reflector, along with
             some design considerations. After four years of operation,
             the number of detected photoelectrons was found to be
             noticeably reduced in both detectors as a result of
             contamination, yellowing, of the aerogel material. Along
             with the details of the set-up, we illustrate the
             characteristics of the detectors during different time
             periods and the probable causes of the contamination. In
             particular we show that the replacement of the contaminated
             aerogel and parts of the reflecting material has almost
             restored the initial performance of the detectors. ©
             Società Italians di Fisica.},
   Doi = {10.1393/ncb/i2009-10743-5},
   Key = {fds246152}
}

@article{fds246147,
   Author = {Gao, H and Lee, TSH and Marinov, V},
   Title = {Phi-N bound state'},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C (Rapid Communications)},
   Volume = {C},
   Number = {63},
   Pages = {022201 (R)},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds246147}
}

@article{fds365122,
   Author = {Arrington, J and Battaglieri, M and Boehnlein, A and Bogacz, SA and Brooks, WK and Chudakov, E and Cloët, I and Ent, R and Gao, H and Grames,
             J and Harwood, L and Ji, X and Keppel, C and Krafft, G and McKeown, RD and Napolitano, J and Qiu, JW and Rossi, P and Schram, M and Stepanyan, S and Stevens, J and Szczepaniak, AP and Toro, N and Zheng,
             X},
   Title = {Physics with CEBAF at 12 GeV and future opportunities},
   Journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {127},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103985},
   Abstract = {We summarize the ongoing scientific program of the 12 GeV
             Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and
             give an outlook into future opportunities. The program
             addresses important topics in nuclear, hadronic, and
             electroweak physics, including nuclear femtography, meson
             and baryon spectroscopy, quarks and gluons in nuclei,
             precision tests of the standard model and dark sector
             searches. Potential upgrades of CEBAF and their impact on
             scientific reach are discussed, such as higher luminosity,
             the addition of polarized and unpolarized positron beams,
             and doubling the beam energy.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103985},
   Key = {fds365122}
}

@article{fds246057,
   Author = {Gao, H and Zhu, L},
   Title = {Pion photoproduction on the nucleon},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {747},
   Pages = {179-184},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0094-243X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1871659},
   Abstract = {The γn → π-p and γp → π+n reactions are essential
             probes of the transition from meson-nucleon degrees of
             freedom to quark-gluon degrees of freedom in exclusive
             processes. The cross sections of these processes are also
             advantageous, for the investigation of oscillatory behavior
             around the quark counting prediction, since they decrease
             relatively slower with energy compared with other
             photon-induced processes. In this talk, we discuss recent
             results on the γp → π+n and γn → π-p processes from
             Jefferson Lab experiment E94-104. We also discuss a new
             experiment in which singles γp → π+n measurement from
             hydrogen, and coincidence γn → π-p measurements at the
             quasifree kinematics from deuterium for center-of-mass
             energies between 2.3 GeV to 3.4 GeV in fine steps at a
             center-of-mass angle of 90° are planned. The proposed
             measurement will allow a detailed investigation of the
             oscillatory scaling behavior in photopion production
             processes. © 2005 American Institute of
             Physics.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.1871659},
   Key = {fds246057}
}

@article{fds315783,
   Author = {Xu, W and Anderson, B and Auberbach, L and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Black, T and Calarco, J and Cardman, L and Cates, GD and Chai, ZW and Chen,
             JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Churchwell, S and Corrado, GS and Crawford, C and Dale, D and Deur, A and Djawotho, P and Donnelly, TW and Dutta, D and Finn, JM and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, AV and Glashausser, C and Glöckle, W and Golak, J and Gomez, J and Gorbenko,
             VG and Hansen, JO and Hersman, FW and Higinbotham, DW and Holmes, R and Howell, CR and Hughes, E and Humensky, B and Incerti, S and De Jager,
             CW and Jensen, JS and Jiang, X and Jones, CE and Jones, M and Kahl, R and Kamada, H and Kievsky, A and Kominis, I and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Lakuriqi, E and Liang, M and Liyanage, N and LeRose, J and Malov, S and Margaziotis, DJ and Martin, JW and McCormick,
             K and McKeown, RD and McIlhany, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Miller, GW and Mitchell, J and Nanda, S and Pace, E and Pavlin, T and Petratos, GG and Pomatsalyuk, RI and Pripstein, D and Prout, D and Ransome, RD and Roblin, Y and Rvachev, M and Saha, A and Salmè, G and Schnee, M and Shin, T and Slifer, K and Souder, PA and Strauch, S and Suleiman, R and Sutter, M and Tipton, B and Todor, L and Viviani, M and Vlahovic, B and Watson, J and Williamson, CF and Witała, H and Wojtsekhowski, B and Xiong, F and Yeh, J and Zołnierczuk,
             P},
   Title = {Plane-wave impulse approximation extraction of the neutron
             magnetic form factor from quasielastic 3He(e,e′)
             at Q2 = 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {67},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {122011-122015},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   Abstract = {A high precision measurement of the transverse
             spin-dependent asymmetry AT′ in 3He→(e→,e′)
             quasielastic scattering was performed in Hall A at Jefferson
             Lab at values of the squared four-momentum transfer, Q2,
             between 0.1 and 0.6 (GeV/c)2. AT′ is sensitive to the
             neutron magnetic form factor, GMn. Values of GMn at Q2 = 0.1
             and 0.2 (GeV/c)2, extracted using Faddeev calculations, were
             reported previously. Here, we report the extraction of GMn
             for the remaining Q2 values in the range from 0.3 to 0.6
             (GeV/c)2 using a plane-wave impulse approximation
             calculation. The results are in good agreement with recent
             precision data from experiments using a deuterium
             target.},
   Key = {fds315783}
}

@article{fds246044,
   Author = {Xu, W and Anderson, B and Auberbach, L and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Black, T and Calarco, J and Cardman, L and Cates, GD and Chai, ZW and Chen,
             JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Churchwell, S and Corrado, GS and Crawford, C and Dale, D and Deur, A and Djawotho, P and Donnelly, TW and Dutta, D and Finn, JM and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, AV and Glashausser, C and Glöckle, W and Golak, J and Gomez, J and Gorbenko,
             VG and Hansen, JO and Hersman, FW and Higinbotham, DW and Holmes, R and Howell, CR and Hughes, E and Humensky, B and Incerti, S and Jager, CWD and Jensen, JS and Jiang, X and Jones, CE and Jones, M and Kahl, R and Kamada,
             H and Kievsky, A and Kominis, I and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki,
             G and Kuss, M and Lakuriqi, E and Liang, M and Liyanage, N and LeRose, J and Malov, S and Margaziotis, DJ and Martin, JW and McCormick, K and McKeown, RD and McIlhany, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Miller,
             GW and Mitchell, J and Nanda, S and Pace, E and Pavlin, T and Petratos, GG and Pomatsalyuk, RI and Pripstein, D and Prout, D and Ransome, RD and Roblin, Y and Rvachev, M and Saha, A and Salmè, G and Schnee, M and Shin,
             T and Slifer, K and Souder, PA and Strauch, S and Suleiman, R and Sutter,
             M and Tipton, B and Todor, L and Viviani, M and Vlahovic, B and Watson, J and Williamson, CF and Witała, H and Wojtsekhowski, B and Xiong, F and Yeh,
             J and Zołnierczuk, P},
   Title = {Plane-wave impulse approximation extraction of the neutron
             magnetic form factor from quasielastic 3He(e,e′)
             at Q2 = 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {67},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {122011-122015},
   Year = {2003},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.67.012201},
   Abstract = {A high precision measurement of the transverse
             spin-dependent asymmetry AT′ in 3He→(e→,e′)
             quasielastic scattering was performed in Hall A at Jefferson
             Lab at values of the squared four-momentum transfer, Q2,
             between 0.1 and 0.6 (GeV/c)2. AT′ is sensitive to the
             neutron magnetic form factor, GMn. Values of GMn at Q2 = 0.1
             and 0.2 (GeV/c)2, extracted using Faddeev calculations, were
             reported previously. Here, we report the extraction of GMn
             for the remaining Q2 values in the range from 0.3 to 0.6
             (GeV/c)2 using a plane-wave impulse approximation
             calculation. The results are in good agreement with recent
             precision data from experiments using a deuterium
             target.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.67.012201},
   Key = {fds246044}
}

@article{fds304547,
   Author = {al, KWE},
   Title = {Polarization measurement in the high-energy deuteron
             photodisintegration.},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {2975},
   Year = {2001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.2975},
   Abstract = {We present measurements of the recoil proton polarization
             for the d(gamma-->,p-->)n reaction at straight theta(c.m.) =
             90 degrees for photon energies up to 2.4 GeV. These are the
             first data in this reaction for polarization transfer with
             circularly polarized photons. The induced polarization p(y)
             vanishes above 1 GeV, contrary to meson-baryon model
             expectations, in which resonances lead to large
             polarizations. However, the polarization transfer Cx does
             not vanish above 1 GeV, inconsistent with hadron helicity
             conservation. Thus, we show that the scaling behavior
             observed in the d(gamma,p)n cross sections is not a result
             of perturbative QCD. These data should provide important
             tests of new nonperturbative calculations in the
             intermediate energy regime.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.86.2975},
   Key = {fds304547}
}

@article{fds246194,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KWE},
   Title = {Polarization measurements in high-energy
             deuteron},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {2975},
   Year = {2001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2975},
   Abstract = {The hadron helicity conservation (HHC) is tested in a
             photoreaction in a kinematic region. HHC arises when vector
             interactions, photon or gluon coupling with the quarks,
             conserve chiralty which leads to the conservation of the sum
             of the components of the hadronic spins along their
             respective momentum directions. The recoil proton
             polarization for photon energies is investigated. The
             polarization transfer with circularly polarized photons is
             analyzed.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2975},
   Key = {fds246194}
}

@article{fds246149,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KWE},
   Title = {Polarization measurements in neutral pion
             photoproduction,},
   Journal = {Phys Rev C},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {034614},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2002},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000178383900035&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We present measurements of the recoil proton polarization
             for the 1H(γ→, p→)π0 reaction for θπc.m. =60°-135°
             and for photon energies up to 4.1 GeV. These are the first
             data in this reaction for polarization transfer with
             circularly polarized photons. Various theoretical models are
             compared with the results. No evidence for hadron helicity
             conservation is observed. Models that employ factorization
             are not favored. It appears from the strong angular
             dependence of the induced polarization at photon energies of
             2.5 and 3.1 GeV that a relatively high spin resonance or
             background amplitude might exist in this energy
             region.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.66.034614},
   Key = {fds246149}
}

@article{fds246127,
   Author = {al, DJHE},
   Title = {Polarization Transfer in Proton Compton Scattering at High
             Momentum Transfer},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {94},
   Number = {24},
   Pages = {242001},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2005},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.242001},
   Abstract = {Compton scattering from the proton was investigated at
             s=6.9GeV2 and t=-4.0GeV2 via polarization transfer from
             circularly polarized incident photons. The longitudinal and
             transverse components of the recoil proton polarization were
             measured. The results are in disagreement with a prediction
             of perturbative QCD based on a two-gluon exchange mechanism,
             but agree well with a prediction based on a reaction
             mechanism in which the photon interacts with a single quark
             carrying the spin of the proton. © 2005 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.242001},
   Key = {fds246127}
}

@article{fds246105,
   Author = {Zhang, C and Kohl, M and Akdogan, T and Alarcon, R and Bertozzi, W and Booth, E and Botto, T and Calarco, JR and Clasie, B and Crawford, C and DeGrush, A and Dow, K and Farkhondeh, M and Fatemi, R and Filoti, O and Franklin, W and Gao, H and Geis, E and Gilad, S and Hasell, D and Karpius,
             P and Kolster, H and Lee, T and Maschinot, A and Matthews, J and McIlhany,
             K and Meitanis, N and Milner, R and Rapaport, J and Redwine, R and Seely,
             J and Shinozaki, A and Sindile, A and Širca, S and Six, E and Smith, T and Tonguc, B and Tschalär, C and Tsentalovich, E and Turchinetz, W and Xiao, Y and Xu, W and Zhou, Z-L and Ziskin, V and Zwart, T and BLAST
             collaboration},
   Title = {Precise measurement of deuteron tensor analyzing powers with
             BLAST.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {107},
   Number = {25},
   Pages = {252501},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.107.252501},
   Abstract = {We report a precision measurement of the deuteron tensor
             analyzing powers T(20) and T(21) at the MIT-Bates Linear
             Accelerator Center. Data were collected simultaneously over
             a momentum transfer range Q=2.15-4.50 fm(-1) with the Bates
             Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid using a highly
             polarized deuterium internal gas target. The data are in
             excellent agreement with calculations in a framework of
             effective field theory. The deuteron charge monopole and
             quadrupole form factors G(C) and G(Q) were separated with
             improved precision, and the location of the first node of
             G(C) was confirmed at Q=4.19±0.05 fm(-1). The new data
             provide a strong constraint on theoretical models in a
             momentum transfer range covering the minimum of T(20) and
             the first node of G(C).},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.107.252501},
   Key = {fds246105}
}

@article{fds246021,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Precise measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor from
             quasielastic 3→He(e,
             e′)},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {402},
   Number = {2-3},
   Pages = {277-283},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00849-8},
   Abstract = {Polarized 3He targets have proven to be a useful tool for
             studying the electric and magnetic form factors of the
             neutron, and the spin structure of the neutron. The neutron
             magnetic form factor at low Q2 was previously determined at
             MIT-Bates from the quasielastic 3→He(→e, e′) process.
             A new experiment is planned at TJNAF to systematically
             measure the inclusive 3He quasielastic transverse asymmetry,
             AT′, at Q2 = 0.1-0.5 (GeV/c)2 with high statistical and
             systematic accuracy. A 2% statistical uncertainty is aimed
             at all the proposed values of Q2, and 3% systematic
             uncertainty for AT′ can be achieved for this experiment.
             The precise data will constrain theoretical calculations of
             3He quasielastic asymmetry. Furthermore, the neutron
             magnetic form factor at Q2 = 0.1-0.5 (Gev/c)2 will be
             extracted from the measured asymmetries with an overall
             uncertainty of 2%. Precise measurements of GnM at low Q2
             will resolve the discrepancy among the existing data in the
             same Q2 region.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00849-8},
   Key = {fds246021}
}

@article{fds246198,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, XZE},
   Title = {Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetry A1n and
             spin-flavor decomposition in the valence quark
             region},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {012004},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000187968500010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The neutron spin asymmetry A1n with high precision at three
             kinematic in the deep inelastic region at x=0.33, 0.47 and Q
             2=2.7, 3.5 and 4.8(GeV/c)2, respectively was measured. It
             was shown that A1n crosses zero around x=0.47 and becomes
             significantly positive at x=0.60. The polarized quark
             distributions, combined with the world proton data were also
             extracted. The hadron helicity conservation (HHC) mechanism,
             based on leading-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics
             (PQCD), where the quark orbital angular momentum (OAM) was
             assumed to be zero was discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.92.012004},
   Key = {fds246198}
}

@article{fds349849,
   Author = {Larin, I and Zhang, Y and Gasparian, A and Gan, L and Miskimen, R and Khandaker, M and Dale, D and Danagoulian, S and Pasyuk, E and Gao, H and Ahmidouch, A and Ambrozewicz, P and Baturin, V and Burkert, V and Clinton, E and Deur, A and Dolgolenko, A and Dutta, D and Fedotov, G and Feng, J and Gevorkyan, S and Glamazdin, A and Guo, L and Isupov, E and Ito,
             MM and Klein, F and Kowalski, S and Kubarovsky, A and Kubarovsky, V and Lawrence, D and Lu, H and Ma, L and Matveev, V and Morrison, B and Micherdzinska, A and Nakagawa, I and Park, K and Pedroni, R and Phelps,
             W and Protopopescu, D and Rimal, D and Romanov, D and Salgado, C and Shahinyan, A and Sober, D and Stepanyan, S and Tarasov, VV and Taylor,
             S and Vasiliev, A and Wood, M and Ye, L and Zihlmann, B and PrimEx-II
             Collaboration},
   Title = {Precision measurement of the neutral pion
             lifetime.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {368},
   Number = {6490},
   Pages = {506-509},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay6641},
   Abstract = {The explicit breaking of the axial symmetry by quantum
             fluctuations gives rise to the so-called axial anomaly. This
             phenomenon is solely responsible for the decay of the
             neutral pion π<sup>0</sup> into two photons (γγ), leading
             to its unusually short lifetime. We precisely measured the
             decay width Γ of the [Formula: see text] process. The
             differential cross sections for π<sup>0</sup>
             photoproduction at forward angles were measured on two
             targets, carbon-12 and silicon-28, yielding [Formula: see
             text], where stat. denotes the statistical uncertainty and
             syst. the systematic uncertainty. We combined the results of
             this and an earlier experiment to generate a weighted
             average of [Formula: see text] Our final result has a total
             uncertainty of 1.50% and confirms the prediction based on
             the chiral anomaly in quantum chromodynamics.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.aay6641},
   Key = {fds349849}
}

@article{fds246136,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, XZE},
   Title = {Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Asymmetries and
             Spin-dependent Structure Functions in the Valance Quark
             Region.},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {065207},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2004},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.065207},
   Abstract = {We report on measurements of the neutron spin asymmetries A
             1,2n and polarized structure functions g 1,2n at three
             kinematics in the deep inelastic region, with x=0.33, 0.47,
             and 0.60 and Q2=2.1, 3.5, and 4.8 (GeV/c) 2, respectively.
             These measurements were performed using a 5.7 GeV
             longitudinally polarized electron beam and a polarized 3He
             target. The results for A1n and g1n at x=0.33 are consistent
             with previous world data and, at the two higher-x points,
             have improved the precision of the world data by about an
             order of magnitude. The new A1n data show a zero crossing
             around x=0.47 and the value at x=0.60 is significantly
             positive. These results agree with a next-to-leading-order
             QCD analysis of previous world data. The trend of data at
             high x agrees with constituent quark model predictions but
             disagrees with that from leading-order perturbative QCD
             (PQCD) assuming hadron helicity conservation. Results for
             A2n and g2n have a precision comparable to the best world
             data in this kinematic region. Combined with previous world
             data, the moment d 2n was evaluated and the new result has
             improved the precision of this quantity by about a factor of
             2. When combined with the world proton data, polarized quark
             distribution functions were extracted from the new g1n/F1n
             values based on the quark-parton model. While results for
             Δu/u agree well with predictions from various models,
             results for Δd/d disagree with the leading-order PQCD
             prediction when hadron helicity conservation is
             imposed.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.70.065207},
   Key = {fds246136}
}

@article{fds246008,
   Author = {Posik, M and Flay, D and Parno, DS and Allada, K and Armstrong, W and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Camsonne, A and Canan,
             M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, J-P and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Cusanno, F and Dalton, MM and Deconinck, W and de Jager, CW and Deng, X and Deur, A and Dutta, C and El Fassi and L and Franklin, GB and Friend, M and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Gomez, J and Guo, L and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Hyde, C and Ibrahim, HF and Jiang, X and Jin,
             G and Katich, J and Kelleher, A and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Kumbartzki, G and LeRose, JJ and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Long,
             E and Lukhanin, A and Mamyan, V and McNulty, D and Meziani, Z-E and Michaels, R and Mihovilovič, M and Moffit, B and Muangma, N and Nanda,
             S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Nuruzzaman, and Oh, Y and Peng, JC and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Riordan, S and Saha,
             A and Sawatzky, B and Shabestari, MH and Shahinyan, A and Širca, S and Solvignon, P and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tobias, WA and Troth, W and Wang, D and Wang, Y and Wojtsekhowski, B and Yan, X and Yao, H and Ye, Y and Ye, Z and Yuan, L and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y-W and Zhao, B and Zheng, X and Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration},
   Title = {Precision measurement of the neutron twist-3 matrix element
             d(2)(n): probing color forces.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {113},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {022002},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.113.022002},
   Abstract = {Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were
             measured at large Bjorken x  (0.25≤x≤0.90), in both
             the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering
             longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7
             and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized
             (3)He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin
             structure function g(2)((3)He) was determined with precision
             at large x, and the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n)
             was measured at ⟨Q(2)⟩ of 3.21 and 4.32  GeV(2)/c(2),
             with an absolute precision of about 10(-5). Our results are
             found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and
             resolve the disagreement found with previous data at
             ⟨Q(2)⟩=5  GeV(2)/c(2). Combining d(2)(n) and a newly
             extracted twist-4 matrix element f(2)(n), the average
             neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted
             and found to be of opposite sign and about 30  MeV/fm in
             magnitude.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.113.022002},
   Key = {fds246008}
}

@article{fds246196,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, FXE},
   Title = {Precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the
             threshold},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {24},
   Pages = {242501},
   Year = {2001},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   Abstract = {Experiments were carried out for the first precision
             measurements of spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold
             region of 3He→(e→, e′). The analysis was
             performed for the probing of 3He ground-state structure and
             extracting the neutron electromagnetic form factors from
             electron scattering. Results showed that the data and
             nonrelativistic Faddeev calculations which included
             final-state interactions and meson-exchange current effects
             were in agreement with each other.},
   Key = {fds246196}
}

@article{fds304550,
   Author = {Xiong, F and Dutta, D and Xu, W and Anderson, B and Auberbach, L and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Black, T and Calarco, J and Cardman, L and Cates, GD and Chai, ZW and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Churchwell, S and Corrado, GS and Crawford, C and Dale, D and Deur, A and Djawotho, P and Filippone, BW and Finn, JM and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, AV and Glashausser, C and Glöckle, W and Golak, J and Gomez,
             J and Gorbenko, VG and Hansen, JO and Hersman, FW and Higinbotham, DW and Holmes, R and Howell, CR and Hughes, E and Humensky, B and Incerti, S and de Jager, CW and Jensen, JS and Jiang, X and Jones, CE and Jones, M and Kahl, R and Kamada, H and Kievsky, A and Kominis, I and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Lakuriqi, E and Liang, M and Liyanage, N and LeRose, J and Malov, S and Margaziotis, DJ and Martin,
             JW and McCormick, K and McKeown, RD and McIlhany, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Miller, GW and Pace, E and Pavlin, T and Petratos, GG and Pomatsalyuk, RI and Pripstein, D and Prout, D and Ransome, RD and Roblin, Y and Rvachev, M and Saha, A and Salmè, G and Schnee, M and Shin,
             T and Slifer, K and Souder, PA and Strauch, S and Suleiman, R and Sutter,
             M and Tipton, B and Todor, L and Viviani, M and Vlahovic, B and Watson, J and Williamson, CF and Witała, H and Wojtsekhowski, B and Yeh, J and Zołnierczuk, P},
   Title = {Precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the
             threshold region of 3He(e, e').},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {24},
   Pages = {242501},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.87.242501},
   Abstract = {We present the first precision measurement of the
             spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of
             3He(e,e') at Q2 values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)2. The
             agreement between the data and nonrelativistic Faddeev
             calculations which include both final-state interactions and
             meson-exchange current effects is very good at Q2 = 0.1
             (GeV/c)2, while a small discrepancy at Q2 = 0.2 (GeV/c)2 is
             observed.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.87.242501},
   Key = {fds304550}
}

@article{fds333215,
   Author = {Parno, DS and Flay, D and Posik, M and Allada, K and Armstrong, W and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Camsonne, A and Canan,
             M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Cusanno, F and Dalton, MM and Deconinck, W and de Jager, CW and Deng, X and Deur, A and Dutta, C and El Fassi and L and Franklin, GB and Friend, M and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Gomez, J and Guo, L and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Hyde, C and Ibrahim, HF and Jiang, X and Jin,
             G and Katich, J and Kelleher, A and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Kumbartzki, G and LeRose, JJ and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Long,
             E and Lukhanin, A and Mamyan, V and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Mihovilovič, M and Moffit, B and Muangma, N and Nanda,
             S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Nuruzzaman, N and Oh, Y and Peng, JC and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Riordan, S and Saha,
             A and Sawatzky, B and Shabestari, MH and Shahinyan, A and Širca, S and Solvignon, P and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tobias, WA and Troth, W and Wang, D and Wang, Y and Wojtsekhowski, B and Yan, X and Yao, H and Ye, Y and Ye, Z and Yuan, L and Zhan, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, YW and Zhao, B and Zheng, X},
   Title = {Precision measurements of A1n in the deep inelastic
             regime},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {744},
   Pages = {309-314},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.067},
   Abstract = {We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin
             virtual-photon asymmetry A1 on the neutron in the deep
             inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry,
             large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and
             transversely polarized 3He target. Our data cover a wide
             kinematic range 0.277≤x≤0.548 at an average Q2 value of
             3.078 (GeV/c)2, doubling the available high-precision
             neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results
             with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order
             extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton
             distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in
             the same kinematic range. Our data are consistent with a
             previous observation of an A1n zero crossing near x=0.5. We
             find no evidence of a transition to a positive slope in
             (δd+δd-)/(d+d-) up to x=0.548.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.067},
   Key = {fds333215}
}

@article{fds315786,
   Author = {Gao, H and Holstein, B and Weller, HR},
   Title = {Preface},
   Journal = {Chiral Dynamics 2006 - Proceedings of the 5th International
             Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, Theory and Experiment, CD
             2006},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {SUPPL. 1},
   Pages = {V},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000006},
   Doi = {10.1227/NEU.0000000000000006},
   Key = {fds315786}
}

@article{fds246117,
   Author = {Zheng, W and Gao, H and Ye, Q and Zhang, Y},
   Title = {Pressure dependence of wall relaxation in polarized He3
             gaseous cells},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {83},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {061401(R)},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.061401},
   Abstract = {We have observed a linear pressure dependence of
             longitudinal relaxation time T1 at 4.2 and 295 K in gaseous
             He3 cells made of either bare Pyrex glass or Cs- or
             Rb-coated Pyrex due to paramagnetic sites in the cell wall.
             The paramagnetic wall relaxation is previously thought to be
             independent of He3 pressure. We develop a model to interpret
             the observed wall relaxation by taking into account the
             diffusion process, and our model gives a good description of
             the data. © 2011 American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.83.061401},
   Key = {fds246117}
}

@article{fds246102,
   Author = {Ye, QJ and Hartmann, M and Maeda, Y and Barsov, S and Büscher, M and Chiladze, D and Dymov, S and Dzyuba, A and Gao, H and Gebel, R and Hejny,
             V and Kacharava, A and Keshelashvili, I and Kiselev, YT and Khoukaz, A and Koptev, VP and Kulessa, P and Kulikov, A and Lorentz, B and Mersmann, T and Merzliakov, S and Mikirtytchiants, S and Nekipelov, M and Ohm, H and Paryev, EY and Polyanskiy, A and Serdyuk, V and Stein, HJ and Ströher,
             H and Trusov, S and Valdau, Y and Wilkin, C and Wüstner,
             P},
   Title = {Production of K+K- pairs in proton-proton collisions at 2.83
             GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {035211},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302171400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Differential and total cross sections for the pp→ppK+K-
             reaction have been measured at a proton beam energy of 2.83
             GeV using the COSY-ANKE magnetic spectrometer. Detailed
             model descriptions fitted to a variety of one-dimensional
             distributions permit the separation of the pp→ppφ cross
             section from that of non-φ production. The differential
             spectra show that higher partial waves represent the
             majority of the pp→ppφ total cross section at an excess
             energy of 76 MeV, whose energy dependence would then seem to
             require some s-wave φp enhancement near threshold. The
             non-φ data can be described in terms of the combined
             effects of two-body final state interactions using the same
             effective scattering parameters determined from lower energy
             data.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.85.035211},
   Key = {fds246102}
}

@article{fds246017,
   Author = {Ye, QJ and Hartmann, M and Chiladze, D and Dymov, S and Dzyuba, A and Gao,
             H and Gebel, R and Hejny, V and Kacharava, A and Lorentz, B and McHedlishvili, D and Merzliakov, S and Mielke, M and Mikirtytchiants,
             S and Ohm, H and Papenbrock, M and Polyanskiy, A and Serdyuk, V and Stein,
             HJ and Ströher, H and Trusov, S and Valdau, Y and Wilkin, C and Wüstner,
             P},
   Title = {Production of K+K- pairs in
             proton-proton collisions below the meson
             threshold},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {6},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000320279400002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The pp→ppK+K- reaction was measured below the threshold at
             a beam energy of 2.568 GeV using the COSY-ANKE magnetic
             spectrometer. By assuming that the four-body phase space is
             distorted only by the product of two-body final-state
             interactions, fits to a variety of one-dimensional
             distributions permit the evaluation of differential and
             total cross sections. The shapes of the distributions in the
             Kp and Kpp invariant masses are reproduced only if the K-p
             interaction is even stronger than that found at higher
             energy. The cusp effect in the K+K - distribution at the
             K0K̄0 threshold is much more clear and some evidence is
             also found for coupling between the K-p and K̄0n channels.
             However, the energy dependence of the total cross section
             cannot be reproduced by considering only a simple product of
             such pairwise final-state interactions. © 2013 American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.87.065203},
   Key = {fds246017}
}

@article{fds246016,
   Author = {Strakovsky, II and Chen, W and Gao, H and Briscoe, WJ and Dutta, D and Kudryavtsev, AE and Mirazite, M and Paris, M and Rossi, P and Stepanyan,
             S and Tarasov, VE and Workman, RL},
   Title = {Progress on neutron-target multipoles above 1
             GeV},
   Journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences},
   Volume = {37},
   Pages = {08005-08005},
   Publisher = {E D P SCIENCES},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {2101-6275},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20123708005},
   Abstract = {We report a new extraction of nucleon resonance couplings
             using π- photo-production cross sections on the neutron.
             The world database for the process γn → π-p above 1 GeV
             has quadrupled with the addition of new differential cross
             sections from the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS)
             at Jefferson Lab in Hall B. Differential cross sections from
             CLAS have been improved with a new final-state interaction
             determination using a diagrammatic technique taking into
             account the SAID phenomenological NN and πN final-state
             interaction amplitudes. Resonance couplings have been
             extracted and compared to previous determinations. With the
             addition of these new cross sections, significant changes
             are seen in the high-energy behavior of the SAID cross
             sections and amplitudes.},
   Doi = {10.1051/epjconf/20123708005},
   Key = {fds246016}
}

@article{fds246081,
   Author = {Strakovsky, II and Qiang, Y and Azimov, YI and Briscoe, WJ and Gao, H and Higinbotham, DW and Nelyubin, VV},
   Title = {Properties of the resonance Λ(1520) as seen in the forward
             electroproduction at JLab hall A},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {1374},
   Pages = {181-184},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0094-243X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3647120},
   Abstract = {High-resolution spectrometer measurements of the reaction
             H(e,e′K+)X at small Q2 are used to extract the mass and
             width of the Λ(1520). We investigate dependence of the
             resonance parameters on different parametrizations of the
             background and the resonance peak itself. Our final values
             for the Breit-Wigner parameters are M=1520.4±0.6(stat.)±1.5(syst.)MeV
             and Γ=18.6±1. 9(stat.)±1(syst.)MeV. The width appears to
             be more sensitive to the assumptions than the mass. We also
             estimate, for the first time, the pole position for this
             resonance and find that both the pole mass and width seem to
             be smaller than their Breit-Wigner values. © 2011 American
             Institute of Physics.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.3647120},
   Key = {fds246081}
}

@article{fds246119,
   Author = {Qiang, Y and Azimov, YI and Strakovsky, II and Briscoe, WJ and Gao, H and Higinbotham, DW and Nelyubin, VV},
   Title = {Properties of the ∧(1520) resonance from high-precision
             electroproduction data},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {694},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {123-128},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.052},
   Abstract = {High-resolution spectrometer measurements of the reaction
             H(e,e'K+)X at small Q2 are used to extract the mass and
             width of the "(1520). We investigate the influence of
             various assumptions used in the extraction. The width
             appears to be more sensitive to the assumptions than the
             mass. To reach a width uncertainty about 1 MeV or better,
             one needs to know the structure of the non-resonant
             background. Based on the new Jefferson Lab Hall A data, our
             final values for the Breit-Wigner parameters are
             M=1520.4±0.6(stat.)±1.5(syst.) MeV, Γ=18.6±1.9(stat.)±1(syst.)
             MeV. We also estimate, for the first time, the pole position
             for this resonance and find that both the pole mass and
             width seem to be smaller than their Breit-Wigner values. ©
             2010 Elsevier B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.052},
   Key = {fds246119}
}

@article{fds315788,
   Author = {Peng, C and Gao, H},
   Title = {Proton Charge Radius (PRad) Experiment at Jefferson
             Lab},
   Journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences},
   Volume = {113},
   Pages = {03007-03007},
   Publisher = {E D P SCIENCES},
   Editor = {Elster, C and Phillips, D and Roberts, C},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611303007},
   Abstract = {The puzzle of proton charge radius was recently raised by
             the measurement of muonic hydrogen Lamb shift at Paul
             Scherrer Institute (PSI), whose results were seven standard
             deviations smaller than the CODATA recommended value. To
             investigate this discrepancy, the PRad experiment was
             proposed and approved at Thomas Jefferson National
             Accelerator Facility (JLab). The experiment will extract the
             proton charge radius with a sub-percent accuracy by
             measuring the cross-sections of unpolarized electronproton
             elastic scattering in an unprecedented low Q2 region
             (2×10-4 GeV2/c2).},
   Doi = {10.1051/epjconf/201611303007},
   Key = {fds315788}
}

@article{fds363063,
   Author = {Li, X and Ahmed, MW and Banu, A and Bartram, C and Crowe, B and Downie, EJ and Emamian, M and Feldman, G and Gao, H and Godagama, D and Grießhammer,
             HW and Howell, CR and Karwowski, HJ and Kendellen, DP and Kovash, MA and Leung, KKH and Markoff, DM and McGovern, JA and Mikhailov, S and Pywell,
             RE and Sikora, MH and Silano, JA and Sosa, RS and Spraker, MC and Swift, G and Wallace, P and Weller, HR and Whisnant, CS and Wu, YK and Zhao,
             ZW},
   Title = {Proton Compton Scattering from Linearly Polarized Gamma
             Rays.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {128},
   Number = {13},
   Pages = {132502},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.132502},
   Abstract = {Differential cross sections for Compton scattering from the
             proton have been measured at scattering angles of 55°,
             90°, and 125° in the laboratory frame using
             quasimonoenergetic linearly (circularly) polarized photon
             beams with a weighted mean energy value of 83.4 MeV
             (81.3 MeV). These measurements were performed at the High
             Intensity Gamma-Ray Source facility at the Triangle
             Universities Nuclear Laboratory. The results are compared to
             previous measurements and are interpreted in the chiral
             effective field theory framework to extract the
             electromagnetic dipole polarizabilities of the proton, which
             gives α_{E1}^{p}=13.8±1.2_{stat}±0.1_{BSR}±0.3_{theo},β_{M1}^{p}=0.2∓1.2_{stat}±0.1_{BSR}∓0.3_{theo}
             in units of 10^{-4}  fm^{3}.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.128.132502},
   Key = {fds363063}
}

@article{fds331385,
   Author = {Gao, H and Crawford, C},
   Title = {Proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio from
             spin-dependent electron scattering from polarized internal
             hydrogen gas target},
   Journal = {CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS},
   Volume = {56},
   Pages = {C337-C342},
   Publisher = {INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds331385}
}

@article{fds367342,
   Author = {Ruth, D and Zielinski, R and Gu, C and Allada (Cummings), M and Badman,
             T and Huang, M and Liu, J and Zhu, P and Allada, K and Zhang, J and Camsonne,
             A and Chen, JP and Slifer, K and Aniol, K and Annand, J and Arrington, J and Averett, T and Baghdasaryan, H and Bellini, V and Boeglin, W and Brock,
             J and Carlin, C and Chen, C and Cisbani, E and Crabb, D and Daniel, A and Day,
             D and Duve, R and Fassi, LE and Friedman, M and Fuchey, E and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, S and Gueye, P and Hafez, M and Han, Y and Hansen,
             O and Shabestari, MH and Hen, O and Higinbotham, D and Horn, T and Iqbal,
             S and Jensen, E and Kang, H and Keith, CD and Kelleher, A and Keller, D and Khanal, H and Korover, I and Kumbartzki, G and Li, W and Lichtenstadt,
             J and Lindgren, R and Long, E and Malace, S and Markowitz, P and Maxwell,
             J and Meekins, DM and Meziani, ZE and McLean, C and Michaels, R and Mihovilovič, M and Muangma, N and Camacho, CM and Musson, J and Myers,
             K and Oh, Y and Carmignotto, MP and Perdrisat, C and Phillips, S and Piasetzky, E and Pierce, J and Punjabi, V and Qiang, Y and Reimer, PE and Roblin, Y and Ron, G and Rondon, O and Russo, G and Saenboonruang, K and Sawatzky, B and Shahinyan, A and Shneor, R and Širca, S and Sjoegren,
             J and Solvignon-Slifer, P and Sparveris, N and Sulkosky, V and Wesselmann, F and Yan, W and Yang, H and Yao, H and Ye, Z and Yurov, M and Zhang, Y and Zhao, YX and Zheng, X},
   Title = {Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in
             the strong quantum chromodynamics regime},
   Journal = {Nature Physics},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {1441-1446},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y},
   Abstract = {The strong interaction is not well understood at low
             energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer.
             Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for
             the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are
             fundamental quantities describing the nucleon’s response
             to an external field. We report a measurement of the
             proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with
             a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia
             target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is
             expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g2
             characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton.
             From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse
             spin polarizability δLT and twist-3 matrix element and
             polarizability d2¯. Our results provide discriminating
             power between existing chiral perturbation theory
             calculations and will help provide a better understanding of
             this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y},
   Key = {fds367342}
}

@article{fds246143,
   Author = {H. Gao and Churchwell, WXEAIS and Dutta, D and Gao, H and Howell,
             CR},
   Title = {PWIA Extraction of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor from
             Quasi-Elastic 3He(e,e') at Q2=0.3 to 0.6
             (GeV/c)2,},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {67},
   Pages = {012201(R)},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds246143}
}

@article{fds246063,
   Author = {Kramer, K and Armstrong, DS and Averett, TD and Bertozzi, W and Binet,
             S and Butuceanu, C and Camsonne, A and Cates, GD and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Cusanno, F and Deur, A and Djawotho, P and Dutta, D and Finn, JM and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gayou, O and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Gorbenko, V and Griffioen, KA and Hansen, JO and Higinbotham, DW and Hinton, W and Horn, T and De Jager and CW and Jiang, X and Korsch, W and Lerose, J and Lhuillier, D and Liyanage, N and Margaziotis, DJ and McCormick, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Milbrath, B and Moffit, B and Nanda, S and Perdrisat, CF and Pomatsalyuk, R and Punjabi, V and Reitz, B and Roche, J and Roché, R and Roedelbronn, M and Savvinov, N and Secrest, J and Singh, J and Širca,
             S and Slifer, K and Solvignon, P and Steiner, DJ and Suleiman, R and Sulkosky, V and Tobias, A and Vacheret, A and Xiao, Y and Zheng, X and Zhou, J and Zhu, L and Zhu, X and Zołnierczuk, PA},
   Title = {Q2 dependence of the neutron spin structure function g2n at
             low Q2},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {95},
   Number = {14},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.142002},
   Abstract = {We present the first measurement of the Q2 dependence of the
             neutron spin structure function g2n at five kinematic points
             covering 0.57(GeV/c) 2â‰Q2â‰1.34(GeV/c)2 at
             xâ‰σ0.2. Though the naive quark-parton model predicts
             g2=0, nonzero values occur in more realistic models of the
             nucleon which include quark-gluon correlations, finite quark
             masses, or orbital angular momentum. When scattering from a
             noninteracting quark, g2n can be predicted using
             next-to-leading order fits to world data for g1n. Deviations
             from this prediction provide an opportunity to examine QCD
             dynamics in nucleon structure. Our results show a positive
             deviation from this prediction at lower Q2, indicating that
             contributions such as quark-gluon interactions may be
             important. Precision data obtained for g1n are consistent
             with next-to-leading order fits to world data. © 2005 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.142002},
   Key = {fds246063}
}

@article{fds246203,
   Author = {H. Gao and Amarian, M and al, E},
   Title = {Q2 Evolution of the Generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
             Integral for the Neutron using a 3He Target},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {89},
   Number = {24},
   Pages = {242301},
   Year = {2002},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000179484700008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The data on the scattering of polarized electrons from a
             polarized 3He target at energies from 0.862 to 5.06 GeV,
             obtained at a scattering angle of 15.5°, was presented. The
             virtual photon cross-section difference σ1/2-σ3/2 was
             determined using this data. The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
             integral for the neutron in the range of four-momemtum
             transfer squared Q2 of 0.1-0.9 GeV2 was also
             determined.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.89.242301},
   Key = {fds246203}
}

@article{fds246197,
   Author = {H. Gao and Amarian, M and Auerbach, L and Averett, T and Berthot, J and Bertin, P and Bertozzi, B and Black, T and Brash, E and Brown, D and Burtin, E and Calarco, J and Cates, G and Chai, Z and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Chudakov,
             E and Cisbani, E and Jager, CWD and Deur, A and DiSalvo, R and Dieterich,
             S and Djawotho, P and Finn, M and Fissum, K and Fonvieille, H and Frullani,
             S and Gao, H and Gao, J and Garibaldi, F and Gasparian, A and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Goldberg, E and Gomez,
             J and Gorbenko, V and Hansen, JO and Hersman, B and Holmes, R and Huber,
             GM and Hughes, E and Humensky, B and Incerti, S and Iodice, M and Jensen,
             S and Jiang, X and Jones, C and Jones, G and Jones, M and Jutier, C and Ketikyan, A and Kominis, I and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumar, K and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Lakuriqi, E and Laveissiere, G and Lerose,
             J and Liang, M and Liyanage, N and Lolos, G and Malov, S and Marroncle, J and McCormick, K and Mckeown, R and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Mitchell, J and Papandreou, Z and Pavlin, T and Petratos, GG and Pripstein, D and Prout, D and Ransome, R and Roblin, Y and Rowntree, D and Rvachev, M and Sabatie, F and Saha, A and Slifer, K and Souder, P and Saito, T and Strauch, S and Suleiman, R and Takahashi, K and Teijiro, S and Todor, L and Tsubota, H and Ueno, H and Urciuoli, G and Meer, RVD and Vernin, P and Voskanian, H and Wojtsekhowski, B and Xiong, F and Xu, W and Yang, JC and Zhang, B and Zolnierczuk, P},
   Title = {Q2 Evolution of the Neutron Spin Structure
             Moments using a 3He Target},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {223011-223015},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000188187100012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The determination of Q2 evolution of the neutron spin
             structure by 3He in a double spin experiment was discussed.
             Measurements of spin structure functions g1 and g2 in deep
             inelastic lepton scattering (DIS) were used to unravel the
             spin structure of the nucleon. The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum
             rule for the neutron was verified within errors in the
             intermediate range of Q2 due to cancellation between the
             resonance and the elastic contributions. Results suggests a
             positive contribution of the resonance region up to Q2=1
             GeV2.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.92.022301},
   Key = {fds246197}
}

@article{fds246157,
   Author = {al, PSE},
   Title = {Quark-Hadron Duality in Neutron (3He) Spin
             Structure},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {101},
   Number = {18},
   Pages = {182502},
   Year = {2008},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.101.182502},
   Abstract = {We present experimental results of the first high-precision
             test of quark-hadron duality in the spin-structure function
             g_{1} of the neutron and 3He using a polarized 3He target in
             the four-momentum-transfer-squared range from 0.7 to 4.0
             (GeV/c);{2}. Global duality is observed for the
             spin-structure function g_{1} down to at least Q;{2}=1.8
             (GeV/c);{2} in both targets. We have also formed the
             photon-nucleon asymmetry A1 in the resonance region for 3He
             and found no strong Q2 dependence above 2.2
             (GeV/c);{2}.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.101.182502},
   Key = {fds246157}
}

@article{fds315785,
   Author = {al, DDE},
   Title = {Quasielastic (e,e' p) reaction on 12C, 56Fe, and
             197Au},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {68},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {064603},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2003},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000188769500026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We report the results from a systematic study of the
             quasielastic [Formula Presented] reaction on [Formula
             presented], and [Formula presented] performed at Jefferson
             Lab. We have measured nuclear transparency and extracted
             spectral functions (corrected for radiation) over a [Formula
             Presented] range of [Formula Presented] for all three
             nuclei. In addition, we have extracted separated
             longitudinal and transverse spectral functions at [Formula
             Presented] of 0.64 and [Formula Presented] for these three
             nuclei (except for [Formula presented] at the higher
             [Formula Presented]). The spectral functions are compared to
             a number of theoretical calculations. The measured spectral
             functions differ in detail but not in overall shape from
             most of the theoretical models. In all three targets the
             measured spectral functions show considerable excess
             transverse strength at [Formula Presented], which is much
             reduced at [Formula Presented]. © 2003 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064603},
   Key = {fds315785}
}

@article{fds246050,
   Author = {Dutta, D and Westrum, DV and Abbott, D and Ahmidouch, A and Amatuoni,
             TA and Armstrong, C and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Bailey, K and Baker, OK and Barrow, S and Beard, K and Beatty, D and Beedoe, S and Beise,
             E and Beiz, E and Bochna, C and Bosted, PE and Breuer, H and Bruins, EEW and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Chant, N and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Day, D and DeSchepper, D and Ducret, JE and Duncan,
             F and Dunne, J and Eden, T and Ent, R and Fortune, HT and Frolov, V and Geesaman, DF and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Guèye, P and Hansen, JO and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, C and Jackson, HE and Jones, C and Kaufman, S and Kelly, JJ and Keppel, C and Khandaker, M and Kim, W and Kinney, E and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Kramer, L and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and McFarlane, K and Mack, DJ and Madey, R and Markowitz, P and Martin, J and Mateos, A and Meekins, D and Miller, MA and Milner, R and Mitchell, J and Mohring, R and Mkrtchyan, H and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O'Neill, TG and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Reinhold, J and Salgado, C and Schiffer, JP and Segel, RE and Stoler, P and Suleiman, R and Tadevosyan, V and Tang, L and Terburg, B and Welch, TP and Williamson, C and Wood, S and Yan, C and Yang, JC and Yu, J and Zeidman, B and Zhao, W and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {Quasielastic (e,e′p) reaction on 12C,
             56Fe, and 197Au},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {68},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {646031-6460317},
   Year = {2003},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   Abstract = {We report the results from a systematic study of the
             quasielastic (e,e′p) reaction on 12C, 56Fe, and 197Au
             performed at Jefferson Lab. We have measured nuclear
             transparency and extracted spectral functions (corrected for
             radiation) over a Q 2 range of 0.64-3.25 (GeV/c) 2 for all
             three nuclei. In addition, we have extracted separated
             longitudinal and transverse spectral functions at Q 2 of
             0.64 and 1.8 (GeV/c) 2 for these three nuclei (except for
             197Au at the higher Q 2), The spectral functions are
             compared to a number of theoretical calculations. The
             measured spectral functions differ in detail but not in
             overall shape from most of the theoretical models. In all
             three targets the measured spectral functions show
             considerable excess transverse strength at Q 2=0.64 (GeV/c)
             2, which is much reduced at 1.8 (GeV/c) 2.},
   Key = {fds246050}
}

@article{fds246183,
   Author = {H. Gao and Abbott, D and Ahmidouch, A and Amatuni, TA and Armstrong, C and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Bailey, K and Baker, OK and Barrow,
             S and Beard, K and Beatty, D and Beedoe, S and Beise, E and Belz, E and Bochna, C and Breuer, H and Bruins, EEW and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Chant, N and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Day, D and DeSchepper, D and Ducret, JE and Duncan, F and Dunne, J and Dutta, D and Eden, T and Ent, R and Fortune, HT and Frolov, V and Geesaman, DF and Gao,
             H and Gilman, R and Guèye, P and Hansen, JO and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, C and Jackson, HE and Jones, CE and Kaufman, S and Kelly, JJ and Keppel, C and Khandaker, M and Kim, W and Kinney, E and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Kramer, L and Lorenzon, W and McFarlane, K and Mack, DJ and Madey, R and Markowitz, P and Martin, J and Mateos, A and Meekins, D and Miller, MA and Milner, R and Mitchell, J and Mohring, R and Mkrtchyan,
             H and Nathan, AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O’neill, TG and Potterveld, D and Price, JW and Reinhold, J and Salgado, C and Schiffer,
             JP and Segel, RE and Stoler, P and Suleiman, R and Tadevosyan, V and Tang,
             L and Terburg, B and van Westrum, D and Welch, P and Williamson, C and Wood, S and Yan, C and Yang, JC and Yu, J and Zeidman, B and Zhao, W and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {Quasifree (e, e′p) reactions and proton propagation in
             nuclei},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {80},
   Number = {23},
   Pages = {5072-5076},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5072},
   Abstract = {The (e, e′p) reaction was studied on targets of C, Fe, and
             Au at momentum transfers squared Q2 of 0.6, 1.3, 1.8, and
             3.3GeV2 in a region of kinematics dominated by quasifree
             electron-proton scattering. Missing energy and missing
             momentum distributions are reasonably well described by
             plane wave impulse approximation calculations with Q2 and A
             dependent corrections that measure the attenuation of the
             final state protons. © 1998 American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5072},
   Key = {fds246183}
}

@article{fds246003,
   Author = {Akushevich, I and Gao, H and Ilyichev, A and Meziane,
             M},
   Title = {Radiative corrections beyond the ultra relativistic limit in
             unpolarized ep elastic and Møller scatterings for the PRad
             Experiment at Jefferson Laboratory},
   Journal = {European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {51},
   Number = {1},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1434-6001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2015-15001-8},
   Abstract = {The clear 7σ discrepancy between measurements of the proton
             charge radius from muonic hydrogen Lamb shifts and those
             from hydrogen Lamb shift and electron scattering lead to
             both intense theoretical and experimental efforts to
             understand and explain this difference. In this regard, a
             new experiment (PRad) based on unpolarized ep elastic
             scattering cross section measurements normalized to Møller
             scattering is underway at Jefferson Laboratory to extract
             the proton charge radius based on new proton electric form
             factor down to values of momentum transfer squared Q2, as
             low as 10−4 GeV/c)2. To reach the precision of the
             experiment in such a small Q2 region requires reliable
             knowledge of radiative corrections. In this paper, we
             present a complete calculation of radiative corrections for
             unpolarized elastic ep and Møller scatterings performed
             within a covariant formalism resulting in the set of
             explicit formulas beyond the ultra relativistic
             approximation (me2 ≪ Q2), and numerical results for the
             kinematics of the PRad experiment.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/i2015-15001-8},
   Key = {fds246003}
}

@article{fds331383,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Recent results on structure functions},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {120},
   Pages = {8 pages},
   Publisher = {SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Significant progress has been made in recent years in both
             unpolarized structure functions of the nucleon as well as
             polarized structure functions. More recently, both
             experimental and theoretical studies of the structure of the
             nucleon have advanced beyond the one-dimensional collinear
             approximation, and three-dimensional descriptions of the
             nucleon structure both in momentum space, and longitudinal
             momentum-transverse space are becoming active areas of
             research. In this talk, I will review recent results on
             structure functions of the nucleon.},
   Key = {fds331383}
}

@article{fds246158,
   Author = {Ye, Q and Dutta, D and Gao, H and al, E},
   Title = {Relaxation of spin polarized 3He in mixtures of 3He and 4He
             below the 4He Lambda point},
   Journal = {Physical Review A},
   Volume = {77},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {053408},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2008},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.053408},
   Abstract = {We report a first study of the depolarization behavior of
             spin polarized H3 e in a mixture of H3 e- H4 e at a
             temperature below the H4 e λ point in a deuterated
             tetraphenyl butadiene-doped deuterated polystyrene
             (dTPB-dPS) coated acrylic cell. In our experiment the
             measured H3 e relaxation time is due to the convolution of
             the H3 e longitudinal relaxation time, T1, and the diffusion
             time constant of H3 e in superfluid H4 e since
             depolarization takes place on the walls. We have obtained a
             H3 e relaxation time of ∼3000s at a temperature around 1.9
             K. We have shown that it is possible to achieve values of
             wall depolarization probability on the order of (1-2) ×
             10-7 for polarized H3 e in the superfluid H4 e from a
             dTPB-dPS coated acrylic surface. © 2008 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.77.053408},
   Key = {fds246158}
}

@article{fds246155,
   Author = {Ye, Q and Gao, H and Zheng, W and Dutta, D and Dubose, F and Golub, R and Huffman, P and Swank, C and Korobkina, E},
   Title = {Relaxation of spin-polarized H3 e in mixtures of H3 e and H4
             e at about 330 mK},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {80},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {023403},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {August},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.023403},
   Abstract = {We report the measurements of depolarization probabilities
             of polarized H3 e in a rectangular acrylic cell with a
             deuterated tetraphenyl butadiene-doped deuterated
             polystyrene coating filled with superfluid H4 e at ∼330mK
             with a magnetic holding field of ∼7.3G. We achieve a wall
             depolarization probability of ∼1.0× 10-7. Such a surface
             will find application in a new experiment searching for the
             neutron electric dipole moment and other applications. ©
             2009 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.80.023403},
   Key = {fds246155}
}

@article{fds246161,
   Author = {Weller, HR and Ahmed, M and Gao, H and Tornow, W and others},
   Title = {Research Opportunities at the Upgraded HIGS
             Facility},
   Journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {62},
   Number = {DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.07.001},
   Pages = {257-303},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2008},
   ISSN = {0146-6410},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.07.001},
   Abstract = {The High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) is a joint project
             between the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL)
             and the Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL). This
             facility utilizes intra-cavity back-scattering of the FEL
             light in order to produce intense γ-ray beams. An upgrade
             which allows for the production of γ-rays up to energies of
             about 100 MeV having total intensities in excess of 108/s is
             essentially complete. The primary component of the upgrade
             is a 1.2 GeV booster-injector which makes it possible to
             replace lost electrons at full energy. In addition, an
             upgrade of the present linear undulator to a helical system
             has made it possible to produce nearly 100% linear and
             circularly polarized beams. The full system was commissioned
             in the early part of 2007. A nuclear physics research
             program using beams at energies below 50 MeV commenced in
             the fall of 2007. The proposed experimental program includes
             low-energy studies of nuclear reactions of importance in
             nuclear astrophysics as well as studies of nuclear structure
             using the technique of nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF).
             Few-body nuclear physics problems will also be addressed by
             studying photodisintegration of d, 3He and 4He. Future
             double-polarization experiments include a study of the
             Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule for the deuteron and 3He, and
             an extensive Compton scattering program designed to probe
             the internal structure of the nucleon. A major focus of
             these studies will be the measurement of the electric and
             magnetic polarizabilities as well as the
             spin-polarizabilities of the proton and the neutron. This
             review will describe the principles of operation of the
             upgraded facility, followed by a description of the
             performance which has been achieved to date, and a
             projection of the performance anticipated in the near
             future. Following this, we will review several of the
             research areas of nuclear physics which are accessible using
             this facility, and describe both the results to date and
             proposed experiments being developed for the future. © 2008
             Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.07.001},
   Key = {fds246161}
}

@article{fds339895,
   Author = {Yan, X and Higinbotham, DW and Dutta, D and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Khandaker, MA and Liyanage, N and Pasyuk, E and Peng, C and Xiong,
             W},
   Title = {Robust extraction of the proton charge radius from
             electron-proton scattering data},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {98},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {11 pages},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.025204},
   Abstract = {Background: Extracting the proton charge radius from
             electron scattering data requires determining the slope of
             the charge form factor at Q2 of zero. As experimental data
             cannot reach that limit, numerous methods for making the
             extraction have been proposed. Purpose: In this study, we
             seek to find functional forms that will allow a robust
             extraction of the proton radius from a wide variety of
             functional forms. The primary motivation of this study is to
             have confidence in the extraction of upcoming low-Q2
             experimental data. Method: We create a general framework for
             studying various form-factor functions along with various
             fitting functions. The input form factors are used to
             generate pseudodata with fluctuations mimicking the binning
             and random uncertainty of a set of real data. All
             combinations of input functions and fit functions can then
             be tested repeatedly against regenerated pseudodata. Since
             the input radius is known, this allows us to find fitting
             functions that are robust for proton radius extractions in
             an objective fashion. Results: For the range and uncertainty
             of the PRad data, we find that a two-parameter rational
             function, a two-parameter continued fraction, and the
             second-order polynomial expansion of z can extract the input
             radius regardless of the input charge form factor function
             that is used. Conclusions: We have created a framework to
             determine which functional forms allow a robust extraction
             of the radius from pseudodata generated from a wide variety
             of trial functions. By taking into account both bias and
             variance, the optimal functions for extracting the proton
             radius can be determined.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.98.025204},
   Key = {fds339895}
}

@article{fds368412,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {Role of an EIC Within the Context of Nuclear Physics in the
             United States and Internationally},
   Pages = {45-52},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds368412}
}

@article{fds246112,
   Author = {Crawford, C and Akdogan, T and Alarcon, R and Bertozzi, W and Booth, E and Botto, T and Calarco, JR and Clasie, B and de Grush, A and Donnelly, TW and Dow, K and Farkhondeh, M and Fatemi, R and Filoti, O and Franklin, W and Gao, H and Geis, E and Gilad, S and Hasell, D and Karpius, P and Kohl, M and Kolster, H and Lee, T and Lomon, E and Maschinot, A and Matthews, J and McIlhany, K and Meitanis, N and Milner, R and Rapaport, J and Redwine,
             R and Seely, J and Shinozaki, A and Sindile, A and Širca, S and Six, E and Smith, T and Tonguc, B and Tschalaer, C and Tsentalovich, E and Turchinetz, W and Xiao, Y and Xu, W and Zhang, C and Zhou, Z and Ziskin, V and Zwart, T},
   Title = {Role of mesons in the electromagnetic form factors of the
             nucleon},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {045211},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/4269 Duke open
             access},
   Abstract = {The roles played by mesons in the electromagnetic form
             factors of the nucleon are explored using as a basis a model
             containing vector mesons with coupling to the continuum
             together with the asymptotic Q2 behavior of perturbative
             QCD. Specifically, the vector dominance model (GKex)
             developed by E. L. Lomon is employed, as it is known to be
             very successful in representing the existing high-quality
             data published to date. An analysis is made of the
             experimental uncertainties present when the differences
             between the GKex model and the data are expanded in
             orthonormal basis functions. A main motivation for the
             present study is to provide insight into how the various
             ingredients in this model yield the measured behavior,
             including discussions of when dipole form factors are to be
             expected or not, of which mesons are the major contributors,
             for instance, at low Q2 or large distances, and of what
             effects are predicted from coupling to the continuum. Such
             insights are first discussed in momentum space, followed by
             an analysis of how different and potentially useful
             information emerges when both the experimental and
             theoretical electric form factors are Fourier transformed to
             coordinate space. While these Fourier transforms should not
             be interpreted as "charge distributions," nevertheless the
             roles played by the various mesons, especially those which
             are dominant at large or small distance scales, can be
             explored via such experiment-theory comparisons. © 2010 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.82.045211},
   Key = {fds246112}
}

@article{fds246156,
   Author = {Horn, T and Qian, X and al, E},
   Title = {Scaling Study of the Pion Electroprodeuction Cross
             Sections},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {058201},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2008},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.058201},
   Abstract = {The 1H(e,e'π+)n cross section was measured for arange of
             four-momentum transfer up to Q2=3.91 GeV2 at values of the
             invariant mass W above the resonance region. The Q2
             dependence of the longitudinal component was found to be
             consistent with the Q2-scaling prediction for hard exclusive
             processes. This suggests that the QCD factorization theorem
             is applicable at rather low values of Q2. The transverse
             term falls off slower than the naive Q-8 expectation and
             remains appreciable even at Q2=3.91 GeV2. © 2008 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.78.058201},
   Key = {fds246156}
}

@article{fds371984,
   Author = {Abdul Khalek and R and Accardi, A and Adam, J and Adamiak, D and Akers, W and Albaladejo, M and Al-bataineh, A and Alexeev, MG and Ameli, F and Antonioli, P and Armesto, N and Armstrong, WR and Arratia, M and Arrington, J and Asaturyan, A and Asai, M and Aschenauer, EC and Aune,
             S and Avagyan, H and Ayerbe Gayoso and C and Azmoun, B and Bacchetta, A and Baker, MD and Barbosa, F and Barion, L and Barish, KN and Barry, PC and Battaglieri, M and Bazilevsky, A and Behera, NK and Benmokhtar, F and Berdnikov, VV and Bernauer, JC and Bertone, V and Bhattacharya, S and Bissolotti, C and Boer, D and Boglione, M and Bondì, M and Boora, P and Borsa, I and Bossù, F and Bozzi, G and Brandenburg, JD and Brei, N and Bressan, A and Brooks, WK and Bufalino, S and Bukhari, MHS and Burkert,
             V and Buttimore, NH and Camsonne, A and Celentano, A and Celiberto, FG and Chang, W and Chatterjee, C and Chen, K and Chetry, T and Chiarusi, T and Chien, YT and Chiosso, M and Chu, X and Chudakov, E and Cicala, G and Cisbani, E and Cloet, IC and Cocuzza, C and Cole, PL and Colella, D and Collins, JL and Constantinou, M and Contalbrigo, M and Contin, G and Corliss, R and Cosyn, W and Courtoy, A and Crafts, J and Cruz-Torres, R and Cuevas, RC and D'Alesio, U and Dalla Torre and S and Das, D and Dasgupta,
             SS and Da Silva and C and Deconinck, W and Defurne, M and DeGraw, W and Dehmelt, K and Del Dotto and A and Delcarro, F and Deshpande, A and Detmold, W and De Vita and R and Diefenthaler, M and Dilks, C and Dixit,
             DU and Dulat, S and Dumitru, A and Dupré, R and Durham,
             JM},
   Title = {Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the
             Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
   Volume = {1026},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2022.122447},
   Abstract = {This report describes the physics case, the resulting
             detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts
             for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider
             (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity
             facility in the United States with the capability to collide
             high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion
             beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and
             nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons.
             Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented
             access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton,
             neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this
             document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User
             Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail
             of the physics program and developing detector concepts that
             meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the
             realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis
             for further development of concepts for experimental
             equipment best suited for the science needs, including the
             importance of two complementary detectors and interaction
             regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is
             an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts.
             In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics
             measurements and the emerging requirements on detector
             acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses
             general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying
             technologies to meet the physics requirements. These
             considerations will form the basis for a world-class
             experimental program that aims to increase our understanding
             of the fundamental structure of all visible
             matter.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2022.122447},
   Key = {fds371984}
}

@article{fds331382,
   Author = {Gao, H and Huang, H and Liu, T and Ping, J and Wang, F and Zhao,
             Z},
   Title = {Search for a hidden strange baryon-meson bound state from φ
             production in a nuclear medium},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {95},
   Number = {5},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.055202},
   Abstract = {We investigate the hidden strange light baryon-meson system.
             With the resonating-group method, two bound states, η′-N
             and φ-N, are found in the quark delocalization color
             screening model. Focusing on the φ-N bound state around
             1950 MeV, we obtain the total decay width of about 4 MeV by
             calculating the phase shifts in the resonance scattering
             processes. To study the feasibility of an experimental
             search for the φ-N bound state, we perform a Monte Carlo
             simulation of the bound state production with an electron
             beam and a gold target. In the simulation, we use the CLAS12
             detector with the Forward Tagger and the BONUS12 detector in
             Hall B at Jefferson Lab. Both the signal and the background
             channels are estimated. We demonstrate that the signal
             events can be separated from the background with some
             momentum cuts. Therefore it is feasible to experimentally
             search for the φ-N bound state through the near threshold
             φ meson production from heavy nuclei.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.95.055202},
   Key = {fds331382}
}

@article{fds363065,
   Author = {Adhikari, S and Akondi, CS and Albrecht, M and Ali, A and Amaryan, M and Asaturyan, A and Austregesilo, A and Baldwin, Z and Barbosa, F and Barlow, J and Barriga, E and Barsotti, R and Beattie, TD and Berdnikov,
             VV and Black, T and Boeglin, W and Briscoe, WJ and Britton, T and Brooks,
             WK and Chudakov, E and Cole, S and Cole, PL and Cortes, O and Crede, V and Dalton, MM and Deur, A and Dobbs, S and Dolgolenko, A and Dotel, R and Dugger, M and Dzhygadlo, R and Ebersole, D and Egiyan, H and Erbora, T and Ernst, A and Eugenio, P and Fanelli, C and Fegan, S and Fitches, J and Foda, AM and Furletov, S and Gan, L and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Gleason, C and Goetzen, K and Goryachev, VS and Guo, L and Hagen, M and Hakobyan, H and Hamdi, A and Hernandez, J and Hoffman, ND and Hou, G and Huber, GM and Hurley, A and Ireland, DG and Ito, MM and Jaegle, I and Jarvis, NS and Jones, RT and Kakoyan, V and Kalicy, G and Kamel, M and Khachatryan, V and Khatchatryan, M and Kourkoumelis, C and Kuleshov,
             S and Laduke, A and Larin, I and Lawrence, D and Lersch, DI and Li, H and Li,
             WB and Liu, B and Livingston, K and Lolos, GJ and Lorenti, L and Luckas, K and Lyubovitskij, V and Mack, D and Mahmood, A and Marukyan, H and Matveev,
             V and McCaughan, M and McCracken, M and Meyer, CA and Miskimen, R and Mitchell, RE and Mizutani, K and Neelamana, V and Nerling, F and Ng, L and Ostrovidov, AI and Papandreou, Z and Paudel, C and Pauli, P and Pedroni,
             R and Pentchev, L and Peters, KJ},
   Title = {Search for photoproduction of axionlike particles at
             GlueX},
   Journal = {Physical Review D},
   Volume = {105},
   Number = {5},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.052007},
   Abstract = {We present a search for axionlike particles, a, produced in
             photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of
             approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the
             a-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses a→γγ and
             a→π+π-π0 decays, and a data sample corresponding to an
             integrated luminosity of 168 pb-1 collected with the GlueX
             detector. The search for a→γγ decays is performed in the
             mass range of 180<ma<480 MeV, while the search for
             a→π+π-π0 decays explores the 600<ma<720 MeV region. No
             evidence for a signal is found, and 90% confidence-level
             exclusion limits are placed on the a-gluon coupling
             strength. These constraints are the most stringent to date
             over much of the mass ranges considered.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.105.052007},
   Key = {fds363065}
}

@article{fds287610,
   Author = {Zheng, W and Gao, H and Lalremruata, B and Zhang, Y and Laskaris, G and Snow, WM and Fu, CB},
   Title = {Search for spin-dependent short-range force between nucleons
             using optically polarized He3 gas},
   Journal = {Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and
             Cosmology},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {3},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {1550-7998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.031505},
   Abstract = {We propose a new method to detect short-range P- and
             T-violating interactions between nucleons, based on
             measuring the precession frequency shift of polarized He3
             nuclei in the presence of an unpolarized mass. To maximize
             the sensitivity, a high-pressure He3 cell with thin glass
             windows (250μm) is used to minimize the distance between
             the mass and He3. The magnetic field fluctuation is
             suppressed by using the He3 gas in a different region of the
             cell as a magnetometer. Systematic uncertainties from the
             magnetic properties of the mass are suppressed by flipping
             both the magnetic field and spin directions. Without any
             magnetic shielding, our result has already reached the
             sensitivity of the current best limit. With improvement in
             uniformity and stability of the field, we can further
             improve the sensitivity by 2 orders of magnitude over the
             force range from 10 -4-10 -2m. © 2012 American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.85.031505},
   Key = {fds287610}
}

@article{fds246101,
   Author = {Zheng, W and Gao, H and Lalremruata, B and Zhang, Y and Laskaris, G and Snow, WM and Fu, CB},
   Title = {Search for Spin-Dependent Short-Range Force Using Optically
             Polarized 3He Gas},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. D (R)},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {031505},
   Pages = {031505(R)},
   Year = {2012},
   Key = {fds246101}
}

@article{fds246069,
   Author = {Liska, S and Gao, H and Chen, W and Qian, X},
   Title = {Search for the N bound state from meson subthreshold
             production},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {75},
   Number = {5},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.75.058201},
   Abstract = {The subthreshold photoproduction of mesons from heavy
             nuclear targets has been suggested as a candidate to search
             for the -N bound state, a quantum chromodynamics molecular
             state. In this Brief Report, we present detailed Monte Carlo
             studies to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique.
             Further, we show that proton-induced subthreshold production
             of meson from heavy nuclear targets is also suitable for
             such a search. © 2007 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.75.058201},
   Key = {fds246069}
}

@article{fds351001,
   Author = {Huffman, PR and Golub, R and Gould, CR and Haase, DG and Kendellen, DP and Korobkina, E and Swank, CM and Young, AR and Ahmed, MW and Busch, M and Gao, H and Zhang, Y and Zheng, WZ and Ye, Q},
   Title = {Search for the neutron electric dipole moment: Contributions
             from the triangle universities nuclear laboratory},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the 2011 Meeting of the Division of Particles
             and Fields of the American Physical Society, DPF
             2011},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {© Proceedings of the 2011 Meeting of the Division of
             Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society, DPF
             2011. All rights reserved. A significant fraction of the
             research effort at the Triangle Universities Nuclear
             Laboratory (TUNL) focuses on weak interaction studies and
             searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. One major
             effort is the development of a new experimental technique to
             search for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) that
             offers the potential for a factor of 100 increase in
             sensitivity over existing measurements. The search for this
             moment has the potential to reveal new sources of time
             reversal (T) and charge-conjugation-and-parity (CP)
             violation and to challenge calculations that propose
             extensions to the Standard Model. We provide a brief
             overview of the experiment as a whole and discuss the work
             underway at TUNL as part of this effort.},
   Key = {fds351001}
}

@article{fds351002,
   Author = {Huffman, PR and Golub, R and Gould, CR and Haase, DG and Kendellen, DP and Korobkina, E and Swank, CM and Young, AR and Ahmed, MW and Busch, M and Gao, H and Zhang, Y and Zheng, WZ and Ye, Q},
   Title = {Search for the neutron electric dipole moment: Contributions
             from the triangle universities nuclear laboratory},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the 2011 Meeting of the Division of Particles
             and Fields of the American Physical Society, DPF
             2011},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {A significant fraction of the research effort at the
             Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL) focuses on
             weak interaction studies and searches for physics beyond the
             Standard Model. One major effort is the development of a new
             experimental technique to search for the neutron electric
             dipole moment (nEDM) that offers the potential for a factor
             of 100 increase in sensitivity over existing measurements.
             The search for this moment has the potential to reveal new
             sources of time reversal (T) and charge-conjugation-and-parity
             (CP) violation and to challenge calculations that propose
             extensions to the Standard Model. We provide a brief
             overview of the experiment as a whole and discuss the work
             underway at TUNL as part of this effort.},
   Key = {fds351002}
}

@article{fds246011,
   Author = {Chu, PH and Dennis, A and Fu, CB and Gao, H and Khatiwada, R and Laskaris,
             G and Li, K and Smith, E and Snow, WM and Yan, H and Zheng,
             W},
   Title = {Searches for possible T-odd and P-odd short range
             interactions using polarized nuclei},
   Journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences},
   Volume = {66},
   Pages = {05003-05003},
   Publisher = {E D P SCIENCES},
   Editor = {Lunardi, S and Bizzeti, P and Bucci, C and Chiari, M and Dainese, A and Di
             Nezza, P and Menegazzo, R and Nannini, A and Signorini, C and Valiente-Dobon, J},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146605003},
   Abstract = {Various theories predict the possible existence of T-odd and
             P-odd shortrange forces between spin 1/2 fermions,
             proportional to S· r where S is the fermion spin and r is
             the separation between particles. We use ensembles of
             polarized nuclei and an un-polarized mass to search for such
             a force over sub-mm ranges. We established an improved upper
             bound on the product g sgpn of the scalar coupling to
             particles in the un-polarized mass and the pseudo-scalar
             coupling of polarized neutrons for force ranges from 10-4 to
             10-2 m, corresponding to a mass range of 2· 10-3 to 2·
             10-5 eV for the exchange boson [1]. © Owned by the authors,
             published by EDP Sciences, 2014.},
   Doi = {10.1051/epjconf/20146605003},
   Key = {fds246011}
}

@article{fds348388,
   Author = {Ji, W and Fu, CB and Gao, H},
   Title = {Searching for new spin-dependent interactions with SmCo5
             spin sources and a spin-exchange-relaxation-free
             comagnetometer},
   Journal = {Physical Review D},
   Volume = {95},
   Number = {7},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.075014},
   Abstract = {We propose a novel method to search for possible new
             macroscale spin- and/or velocity-dependent forces (SVDFs)
             based on specially designed SmCo5 spin sources and a spin
             exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometer. A simulation
             shows that, by covering a SmCo5 permanent magnet with a
             layer of pure iron, a high net spin density source of about
             1×1022/cm3 could be obtained. Taking advantages of the high
             spin density of this iron-shielded SmCo5 and the high
             sensitivity of the SERF, the proposed method could set up
             new limits of greater than 10 orders of magnitude more
             sensitive than those from previous experiments or proposals
             in exploring SVDFs in force ranges larger than 1
             cm.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.95.075014},
   Key = {fds348388}
}

@article{fds246146,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, DDE},
   Title = {Separated spectral function for the quasifree 12C(e,e'p)
             reaction},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {61},
   Pages = {061602R},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds246146}
}

@article{fds246029,
   Author = {Dutta, D and van Westrum, D and Abbott, D and Ahmidouch, A and Amatuni,
             TA and Armstrong, C and Arrington, J and Assamagan, KA and Bailey, K and Baker, OK and Barrow, S and Beard, K and Beatty, D and Beedoe, S and Beise,
             E and Belz, E and Bochna, C and Bosted, PE and Breuer, H and Bruins, EEW and Carlini, R and Cha, J and Chant, N and Chrien, RE and Cothran, C and Cummings, WJ and Danagoulian, S and Day, D and DeSchepper, D and Ducret,
             JE and Duncan, F and Dunne, J and Eden, T and Ent, R and Fortune, HT and Frolov, V and Geesaman, DF and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Guèye, P and Hansen, JO and Hinton, W and Holt, RJ and Jackson, C and Jackson, HE and Jones, C and Kaufman, S and Kelly, JJ and Keppel, C and Khandaker, M and Kim, W and Kinney, E and Klein, A and Koltenuk, D and Kramer, L and Lorenzon, W and McFarlane, K and Mack, DJ and Madey, R and Markowitz, P and Martin, J and Mateos, A and Meekins, D and Meier, E and Miller, MA and Milner, R and Mitchell, J and Mohring, R and Mkrtchyan, H and Nathan,
             AM and Niculescu, G and Niculescu, I and O’Neill, TG and Potterveld,
             D and Price, JW and Reinhold, J and Salgado, C and Schiffer, JP and Segel,
             RE and Stoler, P and Suleiman, R and Sawafta, R and Sutter, RJ and Tadevosyan, V and Tang, L and Terburg, B and Welch, TP and Williamson,
             C and Wood, S and Yan, C and Yang, JC and Yu, J and Zeidman, B and Zhao, W and Zihlmann, B},
   Title = {Separated spectral functions for the quasifree [Formula
             Presented] reaction},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {61},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {5},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.61.061602},
   Abstract = {A separation of the longitudinal and transverse [Formula
             Presented] cross sections in the quasifree region has been
             performed in parallel kinematics at [Formula Presented] of
             0.64 and 1.8 [Formula Presented] for initial proton momentum
             [Formula Presented] MeV. The separated transverse and
             longitudinal spectral functions at [Formula Presented] show
             significant differences for missing energy between 25 and 60
             MeV indicating a breakdown in the single nucleon knockout
             picture. The transverse spectral functions exhibit definite
             momentum transfer dependence. © 2000 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.61.061602},
   Key = {fds246029}
}

@article{fds370087,
   Author = {Byer, D and Khachatryan, V and Gao, H and Akushevich, I and Ilyichev, A and Peng, C and Prokudin, A and Srednyak, S and Zhao,
             Z},
   Title = {SIDIS-RC EvGen: A Monte-Carlo event generator of
             semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering with the
             lowest-order QED radiative corrections},
   Journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
   Volume = {287},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2023.108702},
   Abstract = {SIDIS-RC EvGen is a C++ standalone Monte-Carlo event
             generator for studies of semi-inclusive deep inelastic
             scattering (SIDIS) processes at medium to high lepton beam
             energies. In particular, the generator contains binary and
             library components for generating SIDIS events and
             calculating cross sections for unpolarized or longitudinally
             polarized beam and unpolarized, longitudinally or
             transversely polarized target. The structure of the
             generator incorporates transverse momentum-dependent parton
             distribution and fragmentation functions, whereby we obtain
             multi-dimensional binned simulation results, which will
             facilitate the extraction of important information about the
             three-dimensional nucleon structure from SIDIS measurements.
             In order to build this software, we have used recent
             elaborate QED calculations of the lowest-order radiative
             effects, applied to the leading order Born cross section in
             SIDIS. In this paper, we provide details on the theoretical
             formalism as well as the construction and operation of
             SIDIS-RC EvGen, e.g., how we handle the event generation
             process and perform multi-dimensional integration. We also
             provide example programs, flowcharts, and numerical results
             on azimuthal transverse single-spin asymmetries. Program
             summary: Program title: SIDIS-RC EvGen CPC Library link to
             program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/thrkn96ydd.1
             Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License Version 3
             Developer's repository link: https://github.com/duanebyer/sidis
             Programming language: C++, Python External packages: FOAM,
             ROOT, GSL, VEGAS, Cubature, Cog, WW-SIDIS, MSTWPDF Nature of
             problem: The task is to first create a code for calculations
             of the leading order Born cross section as well as radiative
             corrections (RCs) at the next-to-leading order (NLO) of the
             cross section of lepton-hadron semi-inclusive deep inelastic
             scattering (SIDIS) at medium to high beam energies with
             incident unpolarized or longitudinally polarized lepton beam
             and unpolarized, longitudinally or transversely polarized
             target, enabling to compute azimuthal single-target and
             double-beam-target spin asymmetries. Afterwards, a
             Monte-Carlo event generator based upon this code is
             developed, where in the coding and simulation processes
             multi-dimensional integrals need to be calculated precisely
             to obtain the exact NLO RCs to the SIDIS cross section with
             high precision beyond ultra-relativistic limit, which means
             that the lepton mass is taken into account. Solution method:
             The project for building the SIDIS-RC EvGen software is
             divided into a library component called libsidis, for the
             purpose of calculating the inelastic tail to the SIDIS total
             cross section, and a binary component called sidisgen, for
             generating events. The Monte-Carlo event generation is
             performed through the usage of the FOAM library, by applying
             a spatial partitioning method with hyper-cubical “foam of
             cells”. The multi-dimensional numerical integration is
             carried out by the GSL, VEGAS, and Cubature packages. The
             SIDIS structure functions that describe the SIDIS scattering
             process, and which are given in terms of transverse
             momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation
             functions, are calculated in Gaussian and
             Wandzura–Wilczek-type approximations and implemented in
             the generator accordingly. Additional comments including
             restrictions and unusual features: The restrictions depend
             on the complexity of problems, limited by CPU time. As a
             consequence, the program running time is of order of several
             minutes to hours. SIDIS-RC EvGen does not comprise yet the
             contribution coming from the radiative tail of exclusive
             lepton-hadron reactions, which is a separate contribution
             involving exclusive structure functions that are currently
             not well known. Developer's repository maintained by Duane
             Byer; Department of Physics, Duke University.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2023.108702},
   Key = {fds370087}
}

@article{fds246006,
   Author = {Zhao, YX and Wang, Y and Allada, K and Aniol, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Bradshaw, PC and Bosted, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen,
             JP and Chen, W and Chirapatpimol, K and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Cornejo, JC and Cusanno, F and Dalton, MM and Deconinck, W and De Jager,
             CW and De Leo and R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Ding, H and Dolph, PAM and Dutta,
             C and Dutta, D and El Fassi and L and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gaskell, D and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Guo, L and Hamilton, D and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom,
             T and Huang, J and Huang, M and Ibrahim, HF and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Jin, G and Jones, MK and Katich, J and Kelleher, A and Kim, W and Kolarkar,
             A and Korsch, W and Lerose, JJ and Li, X and Li, Y and Lindgren, R and Liyanage, N and Long, E and Lu, HJ and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and Marrone, S and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Muñoz Camacho and C and Nanda, S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum,
             B and Oh, Y and Osipenko, M and Parno, D and Peng, JC and Phillips, SK and Posik, M and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome, R and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schulte, E and Shahinyan, A and Shabestari, MH and Širca, S and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tang, LG and Tobias, A and Urciuoli,
             GM},
   Title = {Single spin asymmetries in charged kaon production from
             semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a transversely
             polarized He 3 target},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {90},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {055201},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.055201},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of target single spin
             asymmetries of charged kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep
             inelastic scattering of electrons off a transversely
             polarized He3 target. Both the Collins and Sivers moments,
             which are related to the nucleon transversity and Sivers
             distributions, respectively, are extracted over the
             kinematic range of 0.1<xbj<0.4 for K+ and K- production.
             While the Collins and Sivers moments for K+ are consistent
             with zero within the experimental uncertainties, both
             moments for K- favor negative values. The Sivers moments are
             compared to the theoretical prediction from a
             phenomenological fit to the world data. While the K+ Sivers
             moments are consistent with the prediction, the K- results
             differ from the prediction at the 2-sigma
             level.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.90.055201},
   Key = {fds246006}
}

@article{fds246111,
   Author = {al, HGWXQE},
   Title = {Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Pion Production from
             Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely
             Polarized 3He Target},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {107},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {072003},
   Year = {2011},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902386},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of target single spin
             asymmetries in the semi-inclusive (3)He(e,e'π(±))X
             reaction on a transversely polarized target. The experiment,
             conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.9 GeV electron beam,
             covers a range of 0.16 < x < 0.35 with 1.4 < Q(2) < 2.7
             GeV(2). The Collins and Sivers moments were extracted from
             the azimuthal angular dependence of the measured
             asymmetries. The π(±) Collins moments for (3)He are
             consistent with zero, except for the π(+) moment at x =
             0.35, which deviates from zero by 2.3σ. While the π(-)
             Sivers moments are consistent with zero, the π(+) Sivers
             moments favor negative values. The neutron results were
             extracted using the nucleon effective polarization and
             measured cross section ratios of proton to (3)He, and are
             largely consistent with the predictions of phenomenological
             fits and quark model calculations.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.107.072003},
   Key = {fds246111}
}

@article{fds246010,
   Author = {Allada, K and Zhao, YX and Aniol, K and Annand, JRM and Averett, T and Benmokhtar, F and Bertozzi, W and Bradshaw, PC and Bosted, P and Camsonne, A and Canan, M and Cates, GD and Chen, C and Chen, JP and Chen,
             W and Chirapatpimol, K and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Cornejo, JC and Cusanno, F and Dalton, M and Deconinck, W and De Jager and CW and De Leo,
             R and Deng, X and Deur, A and Ding, H and Dolph, PAM and Dutta, C and Dutta,
             D and El Fassi and L and Frullani, S and Gao, H and Garibaldi, F and Gaskell,
             D and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, O and Golge, S and Guo, L and Hamilton, D and Hansen, O and Higinbotham, DW and Holmstrom, T and Huang, J and Huang, M and Ibrahim, HF and Iodice, M and Jiang, X and Jin,
             G and Jones, MK and Katich, J and Kelleher, A and Kim, W and Kolarkar, A and Korsch, W and Lerose, JJ and Li, X and Li, Y and Lindgren, R and Liyanage,
             N and Long, E and Lu, HJ and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and Marrone,
             S and McNulty, D and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Moffit, B and Camacho,
             CM and Nanda, S and Narayan, A and Nelyubin, V and Norum, B and Oh, Y and Osipenko, M and Parno, D and Peng, JC and Phillips, SK and Posik, M and Puckett, AJR and Qian, X and Qiang, Y and Rakhman, A and Ransome, R and Riordan, S and Saha, A and Sawatzky, B and Schulte, E and Shahinyan, A and Shabestari, MH and Širca, S and Stepanyan, S and Subedi, R and Sulkosky, V and Tang, LG and Tobias, A and Urciuoli, GM and Vilardi,
             I},
   Title = {Single spin asymmetries of inclusive hadrons produced in
             electron scattering from a transversely polarized 3 He
             target},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {89},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {042201(R)},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.042201},
   Abstract = {We report the first measurement of target single spin
             asymmetries (AN) in the inclusive hadron production
             reaction, e+3He↑→h+X, using a transversely polarized 3He
             target. The experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab in
             Hall A using a 5.9-GeV electron beam. Three types of hadrons
             (π±, K±, and proton) were detected in the transverse
             hadron momentum range 0.54 <pT< 0.74 GeV/c. The range of xF
             for pions was -0.29 <xF< -0.23 and for kaons was -0.25 <xF<
             -0.18. The observed asymmetry strongly depends on the type
             of hadron. A positive asymmetry is observed for π+ and K+.
             A negative asymmetry is observed for π-. The magnitudes of
             the asymmetries follow |Aπ-|<|Aπ+|<|AK+|. The K- and
             proton asymmetries are consistent with zero within the
             experimental uncertainties. The π+ and π- asymmetries
             measured for the 3He target and extracted for neutrons are
             opposite in sign with a small increase observed as a
             function of pT. © 2014 American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.89.042201},
   Key = {fds246010}
}

@article{fds246014,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {Spin-dependent compton scattering from 3He and
             the neutron spin polarizabilities},
   Journal = {Chiral Dynamics 2006 - Proceedings of the 5th International
             Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, Theory and Experiment, CD
             2006},
   Pages = {417-419},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {December},
   Abstract = {A new experiment is being planned at the High Intensity
             Gamma Source (HIγS) at Duke Free Electron Laboratory for
             first measurements of the spin-dependent asymmetries from
             elastic Compton scattering of circularly polarized photons
             from a high-pressure polarized 3He gas target. The new
             experiment will allow for an extraction of neutron spin
             polarizabilities.},
   Key = {fds246014}
}

@article{fds246012,
   Author = {Laskaris, G and Ye, Q and Lalremruata, B and Ye, QJ and Ahmed, MW and Averett, T and Deltuva, A and Dutta, D and Fonseca, AC and Gao, H and Golak, J and Huang, M and Karwowski, HJ and Mueller, JM and Myers, LS and Peng, C and Perdue, BA and Qian, X and Sauer, PU and Skibiński, R and Stave, S and Tompkins, JR and Weller, HR and Witała, H and Wu, YK and Zhang, Y and Zheng, W},
   Title = {Spin-dependent cross sections from the three-body
             photodisintegration of He 3 at incident energies of 12.8 and
             14.7 MeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {89},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {024002},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.024002},
   Abstract = {The first measurement of the three-body photodisintegration
             of polarized He3 using a circularly polarized photon beam
             has been performed at incident energies of 12.8 and 14.7
             MeV. This measurement was carried out at the high-intensity
             γ-ray source located at Triangle Universities Nuclear
             Laboratory. A high-pressure He3 target, polarized via spin
             exchange optical pumping with alkali metals, was used in the
             experiment. The spin-dependent double- and
             single-differential cross sections from 3Heâ- (γâ-,n)pp
             for laboratory angles varying from 30â̂̃ to 165â̂̃ are
             presented and compared with state-of-the-art three-body
             calculations. The data reveal the importance of including
             the Coulomb interaction between protons in the three-body
             calculations. © 2014 American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.89.024002},
   Key = {fds246012}
}

@article{fds246107,
   Author = {Hasell, DK and Milner, RG and Redwine, RP and Alarcon, R and Gao, H and Kohl, M and Calarco, JR},
   Title = {Spin-dependent electron scattering from polarized protons
             and deuterons with the BLAST experiment at
             MIT-bates},
   Journal = {Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science},
   Volume = {61},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {409-433},
   Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0163-8998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100809-131956},
   Abstract = {The Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST)
             experiment was operated at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator
             Center from 2003 until 2005. The experiment was designed to
             exploit the power of a polarized electron beam incident on
             polarized targets of hydrogen and deuterium to measure, in a
             systematic manner, the neutron, proton, and deuteron form
             factors as well as other aspects of the electromagnetic
             interaction on few-nucleon systems. We briefly describe the
             experiment, and present and discuss the numerous results
             obtained. © 2011 by Annual Reviews. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1146/annurev-nucl-100809-131956},
   Key = {fds246107}
}

@article{fds246015,
   Author = {Malace, SP and Sawatzky, BD and Gao, H},
   Title = {Studies of single-photoelectron response and of performance
             in magnetic field of a H8500C-03 photomultiplier
             tube},
   Journal = {Journal of Instrumentation},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {P09004-P09004},
   Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/P09004},
   Abstract = {We studied the single-photoelectron detection capabilities
             of a multianode photomultiplier tube H8500C-03 and its
             performance in high magnetic field. Our results show that
             the device can readily resolve signals at the single
             photoelectron level making it suitable for photon detection
             in both threshold and ring imaging Cherenkov detectors. We
             also found that a large longitudinal magnetic field, up to
             300 Gauss, induces a change in the relative output of at
             most 55% for an edge pixel, and of at most 15% for a central
             pixel. The H8500C-03 signal loss in transverse magnetic
             fields it is significantly more pronounced than for the
             longitudinal case. Our studies of single photoelectron
             reduction in magnetic fields point to the field induced
             misfocusing of the photoelectron extracted from the
             photocathode as primary cause of signal loss. With
             appropriate shielding this PMT could function in high
             magnetic field environments. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and
             Sissa Medialab srl.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/8/09/P09004},
   Key = {fds246015}
}

@article{fds376417,
   Author = {Qian, X and Gao, H and Chen, J-P and Chudakov, E},
   Title = {Study of semi-inclusive deep inelastic (e, e 'pi(+/-))
             production with a polarized He-3 target},
   Journal = {SPIN PHYSICS},
   Volume = {1149},
   Pages = {457-+},
   Publisher = {AMER INST PHYSICS},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {978-0-7354-0686-5},
   Key = {fds376417}
}

@article{fds339242,
   Author = {Qian, X and Gao, H and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E},
   Title = {Study of semi-inclusive deep inelastic (e,
             e'π±) production with a polarized3He
             target},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {1149},
   Pages = {457-460},
   Publisher = {AMER INST PHYSICS},
   Editor = {Crabb, DG and Day, DB and Liuti, S and Zheng, X and Poelker, M and Prok,
             Y},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {August},
   ISBN = {9780735406865},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3215688},
   Abstract = {The 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab will open a new era of
             precision measurement of the Transverse Momentum Dependent
             parton distribution functions (TMDs) through the
             Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS). In this
             talk, we discussed the projected results on measurements of
             TMDs using a newly proposed large acceptance solenoid
             detector together with the standard Hall A polarized3He
             target. The high luminosity and the large acceptance
             detector will allow for a precise 3-D (x, z and PT) mapping
             of azimuthal asymmetries. Furthermore, the full 2π
             azimuthal angular coverage for the solenoid detector is
             essential to control the relevant systematic uncertainties
             in extracting the azimuthal asymmetries. With a 40 cm long
             transversely polarized3He target, a total of 60 days of beam
             time at a beam current of 15 μA, we can determine tensor
             charge of d quark to 10% in a model independent way. The
             extracted Sivers asymmetry will provide important
             information to understand the correlation between the quark
             orbital angular momentum and the nucleon
             spin.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.3215688},
   Key = {fds339242}
}

@article{fds246113,
   Author = {al, HGWXQE},
   Title = {Study of the A(e,e'pi^+) Reaction on 1H, 2H, 12C, 27Al, 63Cu
             and 197Au},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {81},
   Pages = {055209},
   Year = {2010},
   Key = {fds246113}
}

@article{fds339640,
   Author = {Gao, H and Chen, W and Zong, X},
   Title = {Study of the GDH sum rule of 3He at
             HIGS},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {86},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {In this talk, we discuss an experiment that has been
             conducted recently at the High Intensity Gamma Source (HIGS)
             facility at the Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL)
             on three-body photodisintegration of circularly polarized
             photons from a longtudinally polarized 3He target at an
             incident photon energy of 11.4 MeV. The target was based on
             the technique of spin-exchange optical pumping with hybrid
             rubidium and potassium vapors. Neutrons from the three-body
             photodisintegration process were detected in the experiment
             using liquid scintillator neutron detectors. We also discuss
             future prospects at HIGS with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
             (GDH) integral measurement of 3He.},
   Key = {fds339640}
}

@article{fds246168,
   Author = {Gao, KKEAIH},
   Title = {The $Q^2$-Dependence of the Neutron Spin Structure Function
             $g_2^n$ at Low $Q^2$'' nucl-ex/0506005.},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {95},
   Pages = {142002},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds246168}
}

@article{fds374224,
   Author = {Ahmed, MW and Gao, H and Howell, CR and Lee, D},
   Title = {The 9th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics
             2018},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {317},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds374224}
}

@article{fds246122,
   Author = {Hasell, D and Akdogan, T and Alarcon, R and Bertozzi, W and Booth, E and Botto, T and Calarco, JR and Clasie, B and Crawford, C and DeGrush, A and Dow, K and Dutta, D and Farkhondeh, M and Fatemi, R and Filoti, O and Franklin, W and Gao, H and Geis, E and Gilad, S and Hersman, W and Holtrop,
             M and Ihloff, E and Karpius, P and Kelsey, J and Kohl, M and Kolster, H and Krause, S and Lee, T and Maschinot, A and Matthews, J and McIlhany, K and Meitanis, N and Milner, R and Rapaport, J and Redwine, R and Seely, J and Shinozaki, A and Sindile, A and Širca, S and Smith, T and Sobczynski,
             S and Tanguay, M and Tonguc, B and Tschalaer, C and Tsentalovich, E and Turchinetz, W and van den Brand, JFJ and van der Laan, J and Wang, F and Wise, T and Xiao, Y and Xu, W and Zhang, C and Zhou, Z and Ziskin, V and Zwart, T},
   Title = {The BLAST experiment},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {603},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {247-262},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.131},
   Abstract = {The Bates large acceptance spectrometer toroid (BLAST)
             experiment was operated at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator
             Center from 2003 until 2005. The detector and experimental
             program were designed to study, in a systematic manner, the
             spin-dependent electromagnetic interaction in few-nucleon
             systems. As such the data will provide improved measurements
             for neutron, proton, and deuteron form factors. The data
             will also allow details of the reaction mechanism, such as
             the role of final state interactions, pion production, and
             resonances to be studied. The experiment used: a
             longitudinally polarized electron beam stored in the South
             Hall Storage Ring; a highly polarized, isotopically pure,
             internal gas target of hydrogen or deuterium provided by an
             atomic beam source; and a symmetric, general purpose
             detector based on a toroidal spectrometer with tracking,
             time-of-flight, Cherenkov, and neutron detectors. Details of
             the experiment and operation are presented. © 2009 Elsevier
             B.V. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.131},
   Key = {fds246122}
}

@article{fds246154,
   Author = {Qian, X and Chen, W and al, HGE},
   Title = {The extraction of phi-N total differential cross section
             from d(gamma,pK^+K^-)n},
   Journal = {Phys. Lett. B},
   Volume = {680},
   Pages = {417},
   Year = {2009},
   Key = {fds246154}
}

@article{fds246075,
   Author = {Qian, X and Chen, W and Gao, H and Hicks, K and Kramer, K and Laget, JM and Mibe, T and Stepanyan, S and Tedeschi, DJ and Xu, W and Adhikari, KP and Amaryan, M and Anghinolfi, M and Baghdasaryan, H and Ball, J and Battaglieri, M and Batourine, V and Bedlinskiy, I and Bellis, M and Biselli, AS and Bookwalter, C and Branford, D and Briscoe, WJ and Brooks, WK and Burkert, VD and Careccia, SL and Carman, DS and Cole, PL and Collins, P and Crede, V and D'Angelo, A and Daniel, A and Dashyan, N and De
             Vita, R and De Sanctis and E and Deur, A and Dey, B and Dhamija, S and Dickson, R and Djalali, C and Dodge, GE and Doughty, D and Dupre, R and Eugenio, P and Fedotov, G and Fegan, S and Fersch, R and Fradi, A and Gabrielyan, MY and Gilfoyle, GP and Giovanetti, KL and Girod, FX and Goetz, JT and Gohn, W and Golovatch, E and Gothe, RW and Griffioen, KA and Guidal, M and Guo, L and Hafidi, K and Hakobyan, H and Hanretty, C and Hassall, N and Heddle, D and Holtrop, M and Hyde, CE and Ilieva, Y and Ireland, DG and Ishkhanov, BS and Isupov, EL and Jawalkar, SS and Johnstone, JR and Joo, K and Keller, D and Khandaker, M and Khetarpal,
             P and Kim, W and Klein, A and Klein, FJ and Kubarovsky, V and Kuleshov, SV and Kuznetsov, V and Livingston, K and Lu, HY and Martinez, D and Mayer, M and McCracken, ME and McKinnon, B and Meyer, CA and Mineeva, T and Mirazita,
             M and Mokeev, V and Moriya, K and Morrison, B and Munevar, E and Nadel-Turonski, P and Nasseripour, R and Nepali, CS and Niccolai, S and Niculescu, G},
   Title = {The extraction of ϕ - N total cross section from d (γ, p
             K+ K-) n},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {680},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {417-422},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0370-2693},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2009.09.024},
   Abstract = {We report on the first measurement of the differential cross
             section of φ{symbol}-meson photoproduction for the d (γ, p
             K+ K-) n exclusive reaction channel. The experiment was
             performed using a tagged-photon beam and the CEBAF Large
             Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. A combined
             analysis using data from the d (γ, p K+ K-) n channel and
             those from a previous publication on coherent φ{symbol}
             production on the deuteron has been carried out to extract
             the φ{symbol} - N total cross section, σφ{symbol} N. The
             extracted φ{symbol} - N total cross section favors a value
             above 20 mb. This value is larger than the value extracted
             using vector-meson dominance models for φ{symbol}
             photoproduction on the proton. © 2009 Elsevier
             B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2009.09.024},
   Key = {fds246075}
}

@article{fds246187,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, KAE},
   Title = {The flavor asymmetry of the light quark sea from
             semi-inclusive},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {25},
   Pages = {5519},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds246187}
}

@article{fds37605,
   Author = {D. Dutta and H. Gao},
   Title = {The Generalized Counting Rule and Oscillatory
             Scaling},
   Journal = {Physical Review C (Rapid Communications)},
   Volume = {71},
   Pages = {032201(R)},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds37605}
}

@article{fds246185,
   Author = {H. Gao and DeSchepper, D and Kramer, LH and Pate, SF and Ackerstaff, K and Carr,
             RW and Court, GR and Dvoredsky, A and Gao, H and Golendoukhin, A and Hansen, JO and Holler, Y and Jones, CE and Kelsey, JF and Kinney, E and Korsch, W and Lee, K and Martin, JW and McKeown, RD and Milner, RG and Niczyporuk, M and Pitt, ML and Poolman, HR and Röper, G and Shin, T and Sowinski, J and Steffens, E and Stewart, J and Stock, F and Sutter, M and Tallini, H and Tipton, B and VanBommel, R and Wise, T and Zapfe-Düren,
             K},
   Title = {The HERMES polarized 3He internal gas
             target},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {419},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {16-44},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00901-2},
   Abstract = {The HERMES experiment is investigating the spin structure of
             the proton and neutron via deep-inelastic scattering of
             polarized positrons from polarized nuclear targets. The
             polarized positrons are provided by the HERA positron
             storage ring at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. The targets are pure
             internal gas targets. Data acquisition began in 1995,
             utilizing a polarized 3He internal gas target to study the
             spin structure of the neutron. The target gas was polarized
             using the metastability-exchange optical-pumping technique
             and then injected into a cryogenically cooled target cell.
             The target was designed to operate with either longitudinal
             or transverse directions of polarization. Operating
             conditions included polarizations of up to 54% and target
             thicknesses of 1 × 1015 nucleons/cm2. In this paper the
             HERMES polarized 3He internal gas target is described in
             detail. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All
             rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00901-2},
   Key = {fds246185}
}

@article{fds246177,
   Author = {H. Gao and Ackerstaff, K and Airapetian, A and Akopov, N and Amarian, M and Andreev, V and Aschenauer, EC and Avakian, R and Avakian, H and Avetissian, A and Bains, B and Barrow, S and Beckhusen, W and Beckmann,
             M and Belostotski, S and Belz, E and Benisch, T and Bernreuther, S and Bianchi, N and Blouw, J and Böttcher, H and Borissov, A and Brack, J and Braun, B and Bray, B and Brons, S and Brückner, W and Brüll, A and Bulten, HJ and Capitani, GP and Carter, P and Chumney, P and Cisbani, E and Clark, S and Colilli, S and Coombes, H and Court, GR and Delheij, P and Devitsin, E and de Jager, CW and de Sanctis, E and de Schepper, D and de
             Witt Huberts and PKA and di Nezza, P and Doetse, M and Düren, M and Dvoredsky, A and Elbakian, G and Emerson, J and Fantoni, A and Fechtchenko, A and Ferstl, M and Fick, D and Fiedler, K and Filippone,
             BW and Fischer, H and Fortune, HT and Franz, J and Frullani, S and Funk,
             MA and Gagunashvili, ND and Galumian, P and Gao, H and Gärber, Y and Garibaldi, F and Gavrilov, G and Geiger, P and Gharibyan, V and Giordjian, V and Giuliani, F and Golendoukhin, A and Grabowski, B and Graw, G and Grebeniouk, O and Green, P and Greeniaus, G and Gricia, M and Grosshauser, C and Gute, A and Haas, JP and Hakelberg, K and Haeberliq,
             W and Hansen, JO and Hasch, D and Hausse, O and Henderson, R and Henkes, T and Hertenbergern, R and Holler, Y and Holt, RJ and Ihssen, H and Izotov, A and Iodice, M and Jackson, HE and Jgoun, A and Jones, C and Kaise, R and Kelsey, J and Kinney, E and Kirsch, M and Kisselev,
             A},
   Title = {The HERMES Spectrometer},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {417},
   Number = {2-3},
   Pages = {230-265},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0168-9002},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00769-4},
   Abstract = {The HERMES experiment is collecting data on inclusive and
             semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of polarised
             positrons from polarised targets of H, D, and 3He. These
             data give information on the spin structure of the nucleon.
             This paper describes the forward angle spectrometer built
             for this purpose. The spectrometer includes numerous
             tracking chambers (micro-strip gas chambers, drift and
             proportional chambers) in front of and behind a 1.3 T.m
             magnetic field, as well as an extensive set of detectors for
             particle identification (a lead-glass calorimeter, a
             pre-shower detector, a transition radiation detector, and a
             threshold Cherenkov detector). Two of the main features of
             the spectrometer are its good acceptance and identification
             of both positrons and hadrons, in particular pions. These
             characteristics, together with the purity of the targets,
             are allowing HERMES to make unique contributions to the
             understanding of how the spins of the quarks contribute to
             the spin of the nucleon. © 1998 Elsevier Science B. V. All
             rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00769-4},
   Key = {fds246177}
}

@article{fds356028,
   Author = {Pierce, J and Brock, J and Carlin, C and Keith, C and Maxwell, J and Meekins, D and Bai, X and Deur, A and Dutta, D and Gao, H and Gasparian, A and Gnanvo, K and Gu, C and Higinbotham, D and Khandaker, M and Liyanage, N and Meziane, M and Pasyuk, E and Peng, C and Punjabi, V and Xiong, W and Yan,
             X and Ye, L and Zhang, Y},
   Title = {The PRad windowless gas flow target},
   Journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section
             A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
             Equipment},
   Volume = {1003},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300},
   Abstract = {We report on a windowless, high-density, gas-flow target at
             Jefferson Lab that was used to measure rp, the
             root-mean-square charge radius of the proton. The target
             achieved its design goal of an areal density of 2 × 1018
             atoms/cm2, with the gas uniformly distributed over the 4 cm
             length of the cell and less than 1% residual gas outside the
             cell. This design eliminated scattering from the end caps of
             the target cell, a problem endemic to previous measurements
             of the proton charge radius in electron scattering
             experiments, and permitted a precise, model-independent
             extraction of rp by reaching unprecedentedly low values of
             Q2, the square of the electron's transfer of four-momentum
             to the proton.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2021.165300},
   Key = {fds356028}
}

@article{fds218742,
   Author = {Q.J. Ye and H. Gao and others},
   Title = {The production of K+K− pairs in proton-proton collisions
             below the φ meson threshold},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {87},
   Pages = {065203},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds218742}
}

@article{fds363990,
   Author = {Gao, H and Vanderhaeghen, M},
   Title = {The proton charge radius},
   Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
   Volume = {94},
   Number = {1},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.015002},
   Abstract = {Nucleons (protons and neutrons) are the building blocks of
             atomic nuclei and are responsible for more than 99% of the
             visible matter in the Universe. Despite decades of efforts
             in studying its internal structure, there are still a number
             of puzzles surrounding the proton such as its spin and
             charge radius. Accurate knowledge about the proton charge
             radius is not only essential for understanding how QCD works
             in the nonperturbative region but also important for bound
             state QED calculations of atomic energy levels. It also has
             an impact on the Rydberg constant, one of the most precisely
             measured fundamental constants in nature. This review
             examines the latest situation concerning the proton charge
             radius in light of the new experimental results from both
             atomic hydrogen spectroscopy and electron-scattering
             measurements, with particular focus on the latter.
             Theoretical backgrounds and recent developments concerning
             the determination of the proton charge radius using
             different experimental techniques are also presented.
             Upcoming experiments are discussed, and the deuteron charge
             radius puzzle is mentioned at the end.},
   Doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.94.015002},
   Key = {fds363990}
}

@article{fds246085,
   Author = {Gao, H},
   Title = {The radial structure of the proton and its
             constituents},
   Journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Volume = {1441},
   Pages = {21-28},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0094-243X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700476},
   Abstract = {Understanding how quantum chromodynamics, the theory of
             strong interaction, works in the low-energy region, the
             so-called confinement region is one of the major challenges
             facing physicists. The structure of nucleon is one of the
             most active areas of research in nuclear physics addressing
             this challenge. In this talk, I will review recent
             progresses on electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon
             including the latest intriguing situation concern the charge
             radius of the proton, and new results on the strange quark
             contribution to the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon
             from parity-violation electron scattering. I will also
             discuss recent developments in the study of the generalized
             parton distribution functions which provide
             three-dimensional imaging of the nucleon. © 2012 American
             Institute of Physics.},
   Doi = {10.1063/1.3700476},
   Key = {fds246085}
}

@article{fds368410,
   Author = {Baym, G and Aprahamian, A and Aidala, C and Braun-Munzinger, P and Gao,
             H and Hafidi, K and Haxton, W and Jowett, J and McLerran, L and Merminga,
             L and Meziani, Z-E and Milner, R and Schaefer, T and Sichtermann, E and Turner, M and Jacak, BV and Loeb, A and DiMauro, L and DiSalvo, FJ and Fisch, NJ and Fisher, D and Freedman, W and Heckman, T and Hill, WTIII and Hurd, AJ and Jones, B and Lankford, A and Page, LAJ and Ritz,
             SM},
   Title = {The Scientific Case for an Electron-Ion Collider},
   Pages = {23-44},
   Booktitle = {ASSESSMENT OF U.S.-BASED ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER
             SCIENCE},
   Year = {2018},
   ISBN = {978-0-309-47856-4},
   Key = {fds368410}
}

@article{fds246163,
   Author = {Liska, S and Gao, H and Chen, W and Qian, X},
   Title = {The search for $\phi$-N bound state from subthresold
             production of $\phi$ meson},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {75},
   Pages = {058201},
   Year = {2007},
   Key = {fds246163}
}

@article{fds373501,
   Author = {Arrington, J and Benesch, J and Camsonne, A and Caylor, J and Chen, JP and Covrig Dusa and S and Emmert, A and Evans, G and Gao, H and Hansen, JO and Huber, GM and Joosten, S and Khachatryan, V and Liyanage, N and Meziani,
             ZE and Nycz, M and Peng, C and Paolone, M and Seay, W and Souder, PA and Sparveris, N and Spiesberger, H and Tian, Y and Voutier, E and Xie, J and Xiong, W and Ye, ZY and Ye, Z and Zhang, J and Zhao, ZW and Zheng,
             X},
   Title = {The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) for JLab 12
             GeV},
   Journal = {Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle
             Physics},
   Volume = {50},
   Number = {11},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/acda21},
   Abstract = {The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) is a new
             experimental apparatus planned for Hall A at the Thomas
             Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). SoLID will
             combine large angular and momentum acceptance with the
             capability to handle very high data rates at high
             luminosity. With a slate of approved high-impact physics
             experiments, SoLID will push JLab to a new limit at the QCD
             intensity frontier that will exploit the full potential of
             its 12 GeV electron beam. In this paper, we present an
             overview of the rich physics program that can be realized
             with SoLID, which encompasses the tomography of the nucleon
             in 3D momentum space from semi-inclusive deep inelastic
             scattering, expanding the phase space in the search for new
             physics and novel hadronic effects in parity-violating DIS,
             a precision measurement of J/ψ production at threshold that
             probes the gluon field and its contribution to the proton
             mass, tomography of the nucleon in combined coordinate and
             momentum space with deep exclusive reactions, and more. To
             meet the challenging requirements, the design of SoLID
             described here takes full advantage of recent progress in
             detector, data acquisition and computing technologies. In
             addition, we outline potential experiments beyond the
             currently approved program and discuss the physics that
             could be explored should upgrades of CEBAF become a reality
             in the future.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1361-6471/acda21},
   Key = {fds373501}
}

@article{fds345680,
   Author = {Gao, H and Liu, T and Zhao, Z},
   Title = {The TMD program at JLab},
   Journal = {Proceedings of Science},
   Volume = {316},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.316.0232},
   Abstract = {As a part of the general nucleon imaging effort, there have
             been many efforts to access the transverse momentum
             dependent parton distributions (TMDs) by using the
             semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes.
             The recently upgraded Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator
             Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) provides golden
             opportunities to study them in valence quark region. The
             TMDs describe the three-dimensional, spin-correlated
             distributions of quarks and gluons in the nucleon in
             momentum space. The corresponding SIDIS measurements require
             high intensity and polarization with large kinematic
             coverage which will be provided by several different
             detectors. We present an overview of the planned JLab TMD
             program in the 12 GeV era.},
   Doi = {10.22323/1.316.0232},
   Key = {fds345680}
}

@article{fds246173,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, WXE},
   Title = {The Transverse Asymmetry A_T' from Quasielastic 3
             He(e,e')},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {2900},
   Year = {2000},
   Abstract = {We have measured the transverse asymmetry AT′ in 3H +
             (Combining right arrow above sign)e(e + (Combining right
             arrow above sign), e′) quasielastic scattering in Hall
             A at Jefferson Laboratory with high precision for Q2 values
             from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2. The neutron magnetic form factor
             GMn was extracted based on Faddeev calculations for Q2 = 0.1
             and 0.2 (GeV/c)2 with an experimental uncertainty of less
             than 2%. © 2000 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Key = {fds246173}
}

@article{fds246034,
   Author = {Kinney, ER and Cadman, RV and Brack, J and Cummings, WJ and Fedchak, JA and Fox, BD and Gao, H and Glöckle, W and Grosshauser, C and Holt, RJ and Jones, CE and Miller, MA and Nagengast, W and Owen, BR and Rith, K and Schmidt, F and Schulte, EC and Sowinski, J and Sperisen, F and Thorsland, EL and Tobey, R and Wilbert, J and Witała,
             H},
   Title = {Three-nucleon interactions: Evidence from polarized pd
             elastic scattering},
   Journal = {Nuclear Physics A},
   Volume = {689},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {33-40},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00816-8},
   Abstract = {Advances in precise computation of three-body reaction
             observables have spurred new interest in experimental
             measurements of proton deuteron elastic scattering,
             especially with regard to spin effects. Developments in
             spin-polarized internal targets for storage rings have
             permitted measurements of 197 MeV polarized protons
             scattering from vector polarized deuterons. This work
             presents measurements of the polarization observables Ay,
             iT11, and Cy,y in proton-deuteron elastic scattering. When
             compared to calculations with and without three-nucleon
             forces, the measurements indicate that three-nucleon forces
             make a significant contribution to the observables. This
             work indicates that three-body forces derived from static
             nuclear properties appear to be crucial to the description
             of dynamical properties.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0375-9474(01)00816-8},
   Key = {fds246034}
}

@article{fds304546,
   Author = {Xu, W and Dutta, D and Xiong, F and Anderson, B and Auberbach, L and Averett, T and Bertozzi, W and Black, T and Calarco, J and Cardman, L and Cates, GD and Chai, ZW and Chen, JP and Choi, S and Chudakov, E and Churchwell, S and Corrado, GS and Crawford, C and Dale, D and Deur, A and Djawotho, P and Filippone, BW and Finn, JM and Gao, H and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, AV and Glashausser, C and Glöckle, W and Golak, J and Gomez,
             J and Gorbenko, VG and Hansen, JO and Hersman, FW and Higinbotham, DW and Holmes, R and Howell, CR and Hughes, E and Humensky, B and Incerti, S and de Jager, CW and Jensen, JS and Jiang, X and Jones, CE and Jones, M and Kahl, R and Kamada, H and Kievsky, A and Kominis, I and Korsch, W and Kramer, K and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Lakuriqi, E and Liang, M and Liyanage, N and LeRose, J and Malov, S and Margaziotis, DJ and Martin,
             JW and McCormick, K and McKeown, RD and McIlhany, K and Meziani, ZE and Michaels, R and Miller, GW and Pace, E and Pavlin, T and Petratos, GG and Pomatsalyuk, RI and Pripstein, D and Prout, D and Ransome, RD and Roblin, Y and Rvachev, M and Saha, A and Salmè, G and Schnee, M and Shin,
             T and Slifer, K and Souder, PA and Strauch, S and Suleiman, R and Sutter,
             M and Tipton, B and Todor, L and Viviani, M and Vlahovic, B and Watson, J and Williamson, CF and Witała, H and Wojtsekhowski, B and Yeh, J and Zołnierczuk, P},
   Title = {Transverse asymmetry AT' from the quasielastic 3He(e,e')
             process and the neutron magnetic form factor.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {2900-2904},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.2900},
   Abstract = {We have measured the transverse asymmetry A(T') in
             3He(e,e(')) quasielastic scattering in Hall A at Jefferson
             Laboratory with high precision for Q2 values from 0.1 to 0.6
             (GeV/c)(2). The neutron magnetic form factor G(n)(M) was
             extracted based on Faddeev calculations for Q2 = 0.1 and 0.2
             (GeV/c)(2) with an experimental uncertainty of less than
             2%.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.85.2900},
   Key = {fds304546}
}

@booklet{Hansen95,
   Author = {J. O. Hansen and M. A. Titko and D. Deschepper and G. Dodson and T. W.
             Donnelly and R. Ent and M. Farkhondeh and W. Korsch and L. H. Kramer and K.
             Lee, N. C. R. Makins and R. G. Milner and D. R. Tieger and T. P.
             Welch and C. E. Jones and J. Arrington and E.J. Beise and B. Bray and R.W.
             Carr, B.W. Filippon},
   Title = {Transverse longitudinal asymmetry in the quasi-elastic
             3He(e,e') reaction},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {654-57},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {Hansen95}
}

@article{fds246116,
   Author = {al, HGE},
   Title = {Transverse Spin Structure of the Nucleon through Target
             Single Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic
             $(e,e^\prime \pi^\pm)$ Reaction at Jefferson
             Lab},
   Journal = {Euro. Phys. J. Plus},
   Volume = {126},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {2},
   Year = {2011},
   ISSN = {2190-5444},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000290305900013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV energy upgrade provides a golden
             opportunity to perform precision studies of the transverse
             spin and transverse-momentum-dependent structure in the
             valence quark region for both the proton and the neutron. In
             this paper, we focus our discussion on a recently approved
             experiment on the neutron as an example of the precision
             studies planned at JLab. The new experiment will perform
             precision measurements of target Single-Spin Asymmetries
             (SSA) from semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions
             from a 40 cm long transversely polarized He target in
             deep-inelastic-scattering kinematics using 11 and 8.8 GeV
             electron beams. This new coincidence experiment in Hall A
             will employ a newly proposed solenoid spectrometer (SoLID).
             The large acceptance spectrometer and the high polarized
             luminosity will provide precise 4D (x, z, P and Q ) data on
             the Collins, Sivers, and pretzelosity asymmetries for the
             neutron through the azimuthal angular dependence. The full
             2π azimuthal angular coverage in the lab is essential in
             controlling the systematic uncertainties. The results from
             this experiment, when combined with the proton Collins
             asymmetry measurement and the Collins fragmentation function
             determined from the e e collision data, will allow for a
             quark flavor separation in order to achieve a determination
             of the tensor charge of the d quark to a 10% accuracy. The
             extracted Sivers and pretzelosity asymmetries will provide
             important information to understand the correlations between
             the quark orbital angular momentum and the nucleon spin and
             between the quark spin and nucleon spin. © Società
             Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag 2011. 3 2 + -
             T},
   Doi = {10.1140/epjp/i2011-11002-4},
   Key = {fds246116}
}

@article{fds246089,
   Author = {Hansen, JO and Titko, MA and Deschepper, D and Dodson, G and Donnelly,
             TW and Ent, KDR and Farkhondeh, M and Korsch, W and Kramer, LH and Lee, K and Makins, NCR and Milner, RG and Tieger, DR and Welch, TP and Jones, CE and Arrington, J and Beise, EJ and Bray, B and Carr, RW and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Lung, A and McKeown, RD and Mueller, B and Pitt, ML and Schulze,
             RW and Sauer, PU and Candell, E and Napolitano, J and Tripp, C and Wojtsekhowski, BB and Lorenzon, W},
   Title = {Transverse-longitudinal asymmetry in the quasielastic
             He→3(e→,e′) reaction},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {654-657},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.654},
   Abstract = {The transverse-longitudinal asymmetry ATL′ in
             He→3(e→,e′) quasielastic scattering at momentum
             transfer Q2=0.14 (GeV/c)2 has been measured to be 1.52 ±
             0.55(stat) ± 0.15(syst)%. The plane wave impulse
             approximation (PWIA) prediction for this measurement ranges
             from 2.1% to 2.9%, where the variation is due to uncertainty
             in the initial state wave function, nucleon form factors,
             and off-shell prescription. The data may suggest a
             suppression with respect to the PWIA, which has also been
             observed for the unpolarized longitudinal response function.
             © 1995 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.654},
   Key = {fds246089}
}

@article{fds246109,
   Author = {Anselmino, M and Avakian, H and Boer, D and Bradamante, F and Burkardt,
             M and Chen, JP and Cisbani, E and Contalbrigo, M and Crabb, D and Dutta, D and al, E},
   Title = {Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution/fragmentation
             functions at an electron-ion collider},
   Journal = {The European Physical Journal A},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {35},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2011},
   ISSN = {1434-6001},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288552100006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We present a summary of a recent workshop held at Duke
             University on Partonic Transverse Momentum in Hadrons: Quark
             Spin-Orbit Correlations and Quark-Gluon Interactions. The
             transversemomentum- dependent parton distribution functions
             (TMDs), parton-to-hadron fragmentation functions, and
             multi-parton correlation functions, were discussed
             extensively at the Duke workshop. In this paper, we
             summarize first the theoretical issues concerning the study
             of partonic structure of hadrons at a future electron-ion
             collider (EIC) with emphasis on the TMDs. We then present
             simulation results on experimental studies of TMDs through
             measurements of single-spin asymmetries (SSA) from
             semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes
             with an EIC, and discuss the requirement of the detector for
             SIDIS measurements. The dynamics of parton correlations in
             the nucleon is further explored via a study of SSA in D (D)
             production at large transverse momenta with the aim of
             accessing the unexplored tri-gluon correlation functions.
             The workshop participants identified the SSA measurements in
             SIDIS as a golden program to study TMDs in both the sea and
             valence quark regions and to study the role of gluons, with
             the Sivers asymmetry measurements as examples. Such
             measurements will lead to major advancement in our
             understanding of TMDs in the valence quark region, and more
             importantly also allow for the investigation of TMDs in the
             unexplored sea quark region along with a study of their
             evolution. © The Author(s) 2011.},
   Doi = {10.1140/epja/i2011-11035-2},
   Key = {fds246109}
}

@article{fds304561,
   Author = {Belz, JE and Potterveld, DH and Anthony, P and Arnold, RG and Arrington,
             J and Beck, D and Beise, EJ and Bosted, PE and Bulten, HJ and Chapman, MS and Coulter, KP and Dietrich, F and Ent, R and Epstein, M and Filippone, BW and Gao, H and Gearhart, RA and Geesaman, DF and Hansen, JO and Holt, RJ and Jackson, HE and Jones, CE and Keppel, CE and Kinney, ER and Kuhn, S and Lee, K and Lorenzon, W and Lung, A and Makins, NCR and Margaziotis, DJ and McKeown, RD and Meziani, ZE and Milner, RG and Mueller, B and Napolitano, J and Nelson, J and O'Neill, TG and Papavassiliou, V and Petratos, GG and Rock, SE and Segel, RE and Spengos, M and Szalata, ZM and Tao, LH and Van Bibber and K and Van Den Brand and JFJ and White, JL and Zeidman, B},
   Title = {Two-body photodisintegration of the deuteron up to 2.8
             GeV},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {646-649},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1995},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.646},
   Abstract = {Measurements were performed for the photodisintegration
             cross section of the deuteron for photon energies from 1.6
             to 2.8 GeV and center-of-mass angles from 37°to 90°. The
             measured energy dependence of the cross section at
             θc.m.=90°is in agreement with the constituent counting
             rules. © 1995 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.646},
   Key = {fds304561}
}

@article{fds369112,
   Author = {Zhou, J and Khachatryan, V and Gao, H and Gorbaty, S and Higinbotham,
             DW},
   Title = {Understanding the systematic differences in extractions of
             the proton electric form factors at low Q2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C},
   Volume = {106},
   Number = {6},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {December},
   url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.02557},
   Abstract = {Systematic differences exist between values of the proton's
             electric form factors in the low-Q2 region extracted by
             different experimental and theoretical groups, though they
             are all making use of basically the same electron-proton
             scattering data. To try to understand the source of these
             differences, we make use of the analytically well-behaved
             rational (N=1, M=1) function, a predictive function that can
             be reasonably used for extrapolations at Q2→0. First, we
             test how well this deceptively simple two-parameter function
             describes the extremely complex and state-of-the-art
             dispersively improved chiral effective field theory
             calculations. Second, we carry out a complete re-analysis of
             the 34 sets of electron-proton elastic scattering
             cross-section data of the Mainz A1 Collaboration with its
             unconstrained 31 normalization parameters up to
             Q2=0.5(GeV/c)2. We find that subtle shifts in the
             normalization parameters can result in relatively large
             changes in the extracted physical qualities. In conclusion,
             we show that by simply using a well-behaved analytic
             function, the apparent discrepancy between recent
             form-factor extractions can be resolved.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.106.065505},
   Key = {fds369112}
}

@article{fds326109,
   Author = {Ye, Z and Sato, N and Allada, K and Liu, T and Chen, JP and Gao, H and Kang,
             ZB and Prokudin, A and Sun, P and Yuan, F},
   Title = {Unveiling the nucleon tensor charge at Jefferson Lab: A
             study of the SoLID case},
   Journal = {Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
             High-Energy Physics},
   Volume = {767},
   Pages = {91-98},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.01.046},
   Abstract = {Future experiments at the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade, in
             particular, the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID),
             aim at a very precise data set in the region where the
             partonic structure of the nucleon is dominated by the
             valence quarks. One of the main goals is to constrain the
             quark transversity distributions. We apply recent
             theoretical advances of the global QCD extraction of the
             transversity distributions to study the impact of future
             experimental data from the SoLID experiments. Especially, we
             develop a simple strategy based on the Hessian matrix
             analysis that allows one to estimate the uncertainties of
             the transversity quark distributions and their tensor
             charges extracted from SoLID data simulation. We find that
             the SoLID measurements with the proton and the effective
             neutron targets can improve the precision of the u- and
             d-quark transversity distributions up to one order of
             magnitude in the range 0.05<x<0.6.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2017.01.046},
   Key = {fds326109}
}

@article{fds246073,
   Author = {Laveissière, G and Degrande, N and Jaminion, S and Jutier, C and Todor,
             L and Di Salvo and R and Van Hoorebeke and L and Alexa, LC and Anderson, BD and Aniol, KA and Arundell, K and Audit, G and Auerbach, L and Baker, FT and Baylac, M and Berthot, J and Bertin, PY and Bertozzi, W and Bimbot, L and Boeglin, WU and Brash, EJ and Breton, V and Breuer, H and Burtin, E and Calarco, JR and Cardman, LS and Cavata, C and Chang, CC and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Dale, DS and De Jager and CW and De Leo and R and Deur, A and D'Hose, N and Dodge, GE and Domingo, JJ and Elouadrhiri, L and Epstein, MB and Ewell, LA and Finn, JM and Fissum, KG and Fonvieille, H and Fournier, G and Frois, B and Frullani, S and Furget, C and Gao, H and Gao,
             J and Garibaldi, F and Gasparian, A and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Gorbenko, V and Grenier, P and Guichon, PAM and Hansen, JO and Holmes, R and Holtrop, M and Howell, C and Huber, GM and Hyde, CE and Incerti, S and Iodice, M and Jardillier, J and Jones, MK and Kahl, W and Kamalov, S and Kato, S and Katramatou, AT and Kelly, JJ and Kerhoas, S and Ketikyan, A and Khayat,
             M and Kino, K and Kox, S and Kramer, LH and Kumar, KS and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Leone, A and LeRose, JJ and Liang, M and Lindgren, RA and Liyanage, N and Lolos, GJ and Lourie, RW and Madey, R and Maeda, K and Malov, S and Manley, DM and Marchand, C and Marchand, D and Margaziotis,
             DJ and Markowitz, P and Marroncle, J},
   Title = {Virtual Compton scattering and neutral pion
             electroproduction in the resonance region up to the deep
             inelastic region at backward angles},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {79},
   Number = {1},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.015201},
   Abstract = {We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton
             scattering (VCS) process via the H(e, e'p)γ exclusive
             reaction in the nucleon resonance region, at backward
             angles. Results are presented for the W-dependence at fixed
             Q2=1 GeV2 and for the Q2 dependence at fixed W near 1.5 GeV.
             The VCS data show resonant structures in the first and
             second resonance regions. The observed Q2 dependence is
             smooth. The measured ratio of H(e, e'p)γ to H(e, e'p)π0
             cross sections emphasizes the different sensitivity of these
             two reactions to the various nucleon resonances. Finally,
             when compared to real Compton scattering (RCS) at high
             energy and large angles, our VCS data at the highest W
             (1.8-1.9 GeV) show a striking Q2 independence, which may
             suggest a transition to a perturbative scattering mechanism
             at the quark level. © 2009 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.79.015201},
   Key = {fds246073}
}

@article{fds246104,
   Author = {Fonvieille, H and Laveissière, G and Degrande, N and Jaminion, S and Jutier, C and Todor, L and Di Salvo and R and Van Hoorebeke and L and Alexa,
             LC and Anderson, BD and Aniol, KA and Arundell, K and Audit, G and Auerbach, L and Baker, FT and Baylac, M and Berthot, J and Bertin, PY and Bertozzi, W and Bimbot, L and Boeglin, WU and Brash, EJ and Breton, V and Breuer, H and Burtin, E and Calarco, JR and Cardman, LS and Cavata, C and Chang, CC and Chen, JP and Chudakov, E and Cisbani, E and Dale, DS and De
             Jager, CW and De Leo and R and Deur, A and D'Hose, N and Dodge, GE and Domingo, JJ and Elouadrhiri, L and Epstein, MB and Ewell, LA and Finn,
             JM and Fissum, KG and Fournier, G and Frois, B and Frullani, S and Furget,
             C and Gao, H and Gao, J and Garibaldi, F and Gasparian, A and Gilad, S and Gilman, R and Glamazdin, A and Glashausser, C and Gomez, J and Gorbenko,
             V and Grenier, P and Guichon, PAM and Hansen, JO and Holmes, R and Holtrop,
             M and Howell, C and Huber, GM and Hyde, CE and Incerti, S and Iodice, M and Jardillier, J and Jones, MK and Kahl, W and Kato, S and Katramatou, AT and Kelly, JJ and Kerhoas, S and Ketikyan, A and Khayat, M and Kino, K and Kox,
             S and Kramer, LH and Kumar, KS and Kumbartzki, G and Kuss, M and Leone, A and Lerose, JJ and Liang, M and Lindgren, RA and Liyanage, N and Lolos, GJ and Lourie, RW and Madey, R and Maeda, K and Malov, S and Manley, DM and Marchand, C and Marchand, D and Margaziotis, DJ and Markowitz, P and Marroncle, J and Martino, J},
   Title = {Virtual Compton scattering and the generalized
             polarizabilities of the proton at Q2=0.92 and 1.76
             GeV2},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {015210},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.015210},
   Abstract = {Virtual Compton scattering (VCS) on the proton has been
             studied at the Jefferson Laboratory using the exclusive
             photon electroproduction reaction ep→epγ. This paper
             gives a detailed account of the analysis which has led to
             the determination of the structure functions PLL-P TT/ε and
             PLT and the electric and magnetic generalized
             polarizabilities (GPs) αE(Q2) and βM(Q2) at values of the
             four-momentum transfer squared Q2=0.92 and 1.76 GeV2. These
             data, together with the results of VCS experiments at lower
             momenta, help building a coherent picture of the electric
             and magnetic GPs of the proton over the full measured Q2
             range and point to their nontrivial behavior. © 2012
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.86.015210},
   Key = {fds246104}
}

@article{fds246165,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, GLE},
   Title = {Virtual Compton Scattering in the Resonance Region Up to the
             Deep Inelastic Region at Backward Angles and Momentum
             Transfer Squared of Q2=1.0 (GeV/c)2},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds246165}
}

@article{fds246120,
   Author = {H. Gao and al, BAE},
   Title = {`Extraction of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor from
             Quasi-Elastic $^{3}\vec{He}(\vec{e},e')$ at $Q^2 = 0.1 -
             0.6$ (GeV/c)$^2$},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. C},
   Volume = {75},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {034003},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2007},
   ISSN = {0556-2813},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.75.034003},
   Abstract = {We have measured the transverse asymmetry AT' in the
             quasielastic 3He→(e→,e') process with high precision at
             Q2 values from 0.1 to 0.6(GeV/c)2. The neutron magnetic form
             factor GMn was extracted at Q2 values of 0.1 and 0.2(GeV/c)2
             using a nonrelativistic Faddeev calculation which includes
             both final-state interactions (FSI) and meson-exchange
             currents (MEC). Theoretical uncertainties due to the FSI and
             MEC effects were constrained with a precision measurement of
             the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of
             3He→(e→,e'). We also extracted the neutron magnetic form
             factor GMn at Q2 values of 0.3 to 0.6(GeV/c)2 based on plane
             wave impulse approximation calculations. © 2007 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.75.034003},
   Key = {fds246120}
}

@article{fds246090,
   Author = {Gao, H and Holt, RJ and Pandharipande, VR},
   Title = {γn → π- p process in 4He and
             16O},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {2779-2782},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1996},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2779},
   Abstract = {Nuclear transparencies for the fundamental process γn →
             π- p on 4He and 16O have been calculated using nucleon
             configurations obtained from realistic ground-state wave
             functions by the Monte Carlo method. Comparisons between
             nuclear transparency results using nucleon configurations
             and the correlated Glauber approximation are made in the
             case of (e,e′ p) on 4He and 16O. Furthermore, nuclear
             transparencies for the γn → π- p and (e,e′ p)
             processes have been calculated including a color
             transparency effect.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2779},
   Key = {fds246090}
}

@article{fds246031,
   Author = {Gao, H and Lee, TSH and Marinov, V},
   Title = {φ-N bound state},
   Journal = {Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics},
   Volume = {63},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {222011-222013},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.022201},
   Abstract = {We show that the QCD van der Waals attractive potential is
             strong enough to bind a φ meson onto a nucleon inside a
             nucleus to form a bound state. The direct experimental
             signature for such an exotic state is proposed in the case
             of subthreshold φ meson photoproduction from nuclear
             targets. The production rate is estimated and such an
             experiment is found to be feasible at the Jefferson
             Laboratory.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.63.022201},
   Key = {fds246031}
}


%% Papers Accepted   
@article{fds360494,
   Author = {H. Gao and Marc Vanderhaeghen},
   Title = {The Proton Charge Radius},
   Journal = {Review of Modern Physics},
   Year = {2021},
   Abstract = {Nucleons (protons and neutrons) are the building blocks of
             atomic nuclei and are responsible for more than 99\% of the
             visible matter in the universe. Despite decades of efforts
             in studying its internal structure, there are still a number
             of puzzles surrounding the proton such as its spin and
             charge radius. Accurate knowledge about the proton charge
             radius is not only essential for understanding how quantum
             chromodynamics (QCD) works in the non-perturbative region,
             but also important for bound state quantum electrodynamics
             (QED) calculations of atomic energy levels. It also has an
             impact on the Rydberg constant, one of the most precisely
             measured fundamental constants in nature. This article
             reviews the latest situation concerning the proton charge
             radius in light of the new experimental results from both
             atomic hydrogen spectroscopy and electron scattering
             measurements, with particular focus on the latter. We also
             present theoretical backgrounds and recent developments
             concerning the determination of the proton charge radius
             using different experimental techniques. We discuss upcoming
             experiments, and briefly mention the deuteron charge radius
             puzzle at the end.},
   Key = {fds360494}
}


%% Papers Submitted   
@article{fds374871,
   Author = {H. Gao},
   Title = {Establishing a Residential Liberal Arts College in China:
             Duke Kunshan University},
   Journal = {A special volume of Daedalus, the Journal of the American
             Academy of Arts and Sciences},
   Year = {2023},
   Key = {fds374871}
}

@article{fds43008,
   Author = {Y. Liang et al. (including H. Gao)},
   Title = {``Measurement of R = $\sigma_{L}/\sigma_{T}$ and the
             Separated Longitudinal and Transverse Structure Functions in
             the Nucleon Resonance Region''},
   Journal = {nucl-ex/0410027, submitted to Physical Review
             C},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds43008}
}


%% Preprints   
@article{fds353620,
   Author = {A. Accardi et al. including H. Gao},
   Title = {e+@JLab White Paper: An Experimental Program with Positron
             Beams at Jefferson Lab},
   Journal = {arXiv:2007.15081},
   Year = {2020},
   url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.15081},
   Key = {fds353620}
}


%% Other   
@misc{fds347594,
   Author = {The SoLID collaboration including H. Gao},
   Title = {SoLID (Solenoidal Large Intensity Device) Updated
             Preliminary Conceptual Design Report},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {November},
   Key = {fds347594}
}