Publications of Robert D Guenther     :chronological  combined listing:

%% Papers Published   
@article{9191646,
   Author = {Qi Hao and Brady, D.J. and Guenther, B.D. and Burchett, J.B. and Shankar, M. and Feller, S.},
   Title = {Human tracking with wireless distributed pyroelectric
             sensors},
   Journal = {IEEE Sens. J. (USA)},
   Volume = {6},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1683 - 96},
   Year = {2006},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2006.884562},
   Keywords = {Fresnel diffraction;lenses;pyroelectric detectors;sensor
             fusion;target tracking;},
   Abstract = {This paper presents a wireless pyroelectric sensor system,
             composed of sensing modules (slaves), a synchronization and
             error rejection module (master), and a data fusion module
             (host), to perform human tracking. The computation workload
             distribution among slave, master, and host is investigated.
             The performances and costs of different signal-processing
             and target-tracking algorithms are discussed. A prototype
             system is described containing pyroelectric sensor modules
             that are able to detect the angular displacement of a moving
             thermal target. Fresnel lens arrays are used to modulate the
             sensor field of view. The sensor system has been used to
             track a single human target},
   Key = {9191646}
}

@article{9324013,
   Author = {Jian-Shuen Fang and Qi Hao and Brady, D.J. and Guenther,
             B.D. and Hsu, K.Y.},
   Title = {Real-time human identification using a pyroelectric infrared
             detector array and hidden Markov models},
   Journal = {Opt. Express (USA)},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {15},
   Year = {2006},
   Keywords = {biometrics (access control);expectation-maximisation
             algorithm;feature extraction;hidden Markov models;image
             motion analysis;infrared detectors;lenses;optical
             arrays;pyroelectric detectors;},
   Abstract = {This paper proposes a real-time human identification system
             using a pyroelectric infrared (PIR) detector array and
             hidden Markov models (HMMs). A PIR detector array with
             masked Fresnel lens arrays is used to generate digital
             sequential data that can represent a human motion feature.
             HMMs are trained to statistically model the motion features
             of individuals through an expectation-maximization (EM)
             learning process. Human subjects are recognized by
             evaluating a set of new feature data against the trained
             HMMs using the maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion. We have
             developed a prototype system to verify the proposed method.
             Sensor modules with different numbers of detectors and
             different sampling masks were tested to maximize the
             identification capability of the sensor system},
   Key = {9324013}
}

@article{fds44506,
   Author = {John Burchett and Mohan Shankar and A. Ben Hamza and B.D. Guenther and Nikos Pitsianis and David J. Brady},
   Title = {Lightweight Biometric Detection System for Human
             Classification using Pyroelectric Infrared
             Detectors},
   Journal = {Applied Optics},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds44506}
}

@article{06109742883,
   Author = {Cull, E.C. and Gehm, M.E. and Guenther, B.D. and Brady,
             D.J.},
   Title = {Standoff raman spectroscopy system for remote chemical
             detection},
   Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
             Engineering},
   Volume = {5994},
   Pages = {59940 -},
   Address = {Boston, MA, United States},
   Year = {2005},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.626170},
   Keywords = {Remote sensing;Data reduction;Throughput;},
   Abstract = {We have developed a class of aperture coding schemes for
             Remote Raman Spectrometers (RRS) that remove the traditional
             trade-off between throughput and spectral resolution. As a
             result, the size of the remote interrogation region can be
             driven by operational, rather than optical considerations.
             In this paper we present the design of our coded-aperture
             standoff spectroscopy system as well as experimental data
             collected while making remote measurements.},
   Key = {06109742883}
}

@article{9008262,
   Author = {Shankar, M. and Burchett, J. and Feller, S.D. and Jones, B. and Swagart, R. and Guenther, B.D. and Brady,
             D.J.},
   Title = {Biometric tracking with coded pyroelectric sensor
             clusters},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {5796},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {181 - 92},
   Address = {Orlando, FL, USA},
   Year = {2005},
   Keywords = {biometrics (access control);image classification;infrared
             imaging;lenses;motion estimation;optical arrays;optical
             sensors;pyroelectric detectors;},
   Abstract = {Human bodies are very good heat sources with peak emission
             wavelength of about 9 μm. We use pyroelectric detectors
             that are differential in nature to detect human motion by
             their heat emissions. Coded Fresnel lens arrays create
             boundaries in space which helps to localize the human motion
             as well as classification. We design and implement a
             low-cost biometric tracking system using off-the-shelf
             components. We demonstrate tracking and classification using
             sensor clusters of dual-element pyroelectric detectors with
             coded Fresnel lens arrays},
   Key = {9008262}
}

@article{05429421140,
   Author = {Cull, E.C. and Gehm, M.E. and McCain, S.T. and Guenther,
             B.D. and Brady, D.J.},
   Title = {Multimodal optical spectrometers for remote chemical
             detection},
   Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
             Engineering},
   Volume = {5778},
   Number = {PART I},
   Pages = {376 - 382},
   Address = {Orlando, FL, United States},
   Year = {2005},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.606574},
   Keywords = {Optical systems;Remote sensing;Raman scattering;Throughput;Spectrum
             analyzers;},
   Abstract = {We have developed a class of aperture coding schemes for
             Remote Raman Spectrometers (RRS) that remove the traditional
             trade-off between throughput and spectral resolution. As a
             result, the size of the remote interrogation region can be
             driven by operational, rather than optical considerations.
             We present theoretical arguments on the performance of these
             codes and present data from where we have utilized these
             codes in other spectroscopy efforts.},
   Key = {05429421140}
}

@article{8643962,
   Author = {Yunhui Zheng and Brady, D.J. and Sullivan, M.E. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Fiber-optic localization by geometric space coding with a
             two-dimensional gray code},
   Journal = {Appl. Opt. (USA)},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {20},
   Pages = {4306 - 14},
   Year = {2005},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.004306},
   Keywords = {binary codes;fibre optic sensors;Gray codes;image
             sensors;optical tracking;},
   Abstract = {With the objective of monitoring motion within a room, we
             segment the two-dimensional (2D) floor space into discrete
             cells and encode each cell with a binary code word generated
             by a fiber. We design a set of k-neighbor-local codes to
             localize an extended object and, particularly when k = 2,
             employ a 2D gray code to localize a human by tracking his or
             her footsteps. Methods for implementing the codes in a fiber
             web are discussed, and we demonstrate the experimental
             result with the fiber mat. The observed system performance
             confirms the theoretical analysis. The space coding
             technique is a promising low-cost candidate not only for
             human tracking but also for other applications such as human
             gait analysis},
   Key = {8643962}
}

@article{fds44507,
   Author = {B.D. Guenther},
   Title = {Diffraction},
   Volume = {2},
   Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Modern Optics},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Editor = {B.D. Guenther,Editor in Chief},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds44507}
}

@article{fds44508,
   Author = {J.S. Murday and B.D. Guenther and C.G. Lau and C.R.K. Marrian and J.C.
             Paxik and G.S. Pomrenke},
   Title = {Overview of the Nanoscale Science and Technology Program in
             teh Department of Defense},
   Series = {ACS Symposium 891},
   Pages = {2-14},
   Booktitle = {Defense Applications of Nanomaterials},
   Publisher = {American Chemicall Society},
   Editor = {A.W. Miziolek and S.P. Karna and J.M. Mauro and R.A.
             Vaia},
   Year = {2005},
   Key = {fds44508}
}

@article{fds44504,
   Author = {B.D. Guenther and H. Weller and J.L. Godwin},
   Title = {Report of the Bioterrorism Workshop},
   Journal = {Journal of Microbiological Methods},
   Volume = {51},
   Pages = {247-254},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds44504}
}

@article{fds44505,
   Author = {B.D. Guenther and Chair},
   Title = {Combat Hybrid Power System component Technologies”
             Committee on Assessment of Combat Hybrid Power
             Systems},
   Booktitle = {National Materials Advisory Board, National Research
             Council},
   Publisher = {National Academies Press},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds44505}
}

@article{01306591342,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Weller, H.R. and Godwin,
             J.L.},
   Title = {Search for nuclear isotopes for use in a nuclear
             battery},
   Journal = {Journal of Propulsion and Power},
   Volume = {17},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {540 - 546},
   Year = {2001},
   Keywords = {Nuclear batteries;Thermoelectricity;Electric
             generators;Electrons;Electron energy levels;Electron
             transitions;Gamma rays;Backscattering;},
   Abstract = {Performance of a radioisotopic thermoelectric generator for
             a human-portable energy source is discussed. The design of
             thermoelectric generators is not considered. Instead
             desirable characteristics of the radioisotope are used to
             search for reasonable candidates with a half-life measured
             in weeks and generating radiation that could easily be
             shielded. Because radioisotopes with short half-lives would
             have limited shelf-lives, a search was undertaken to
             discover if isomers with different decay paths existed with
             characteristics that would lead to a useful energy generator
             design. The results indicate several interesting cases for
             energy storage in radioactive isotopes. Two of the most
             interesting cases uncovered were <sup>121</sup>Te and
             <sup>254</sup>Es. However, intermediate levels that could be
             used to connect the various nuclear energy levels are not
             currently known. Measurements of transition rates that can
             be stimulated between the desired levels are also needed to
             determine the practicality of this concept. Such research is
             now possible using the intense gamma beam that can be
             produced using free-electron laser light backscattered from
             relativistic electrons.},
   Key = {01306591342}
}

@article{01246539807,
   Author = {Demers, J.R. and Goyette, T.M. and Ferrio, K.B. and Everitt,
             H.O. and Guenther, B.D. and De Lucia and F.C.},
   Title = {Spectral purity and sources of noise in femtosecond-demodulation
             terahertz sources driven by Ti:sapphire mode-locked
             lasers},
   Journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {595 - 605},
   Year = {2001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.914410},
   Keywords = {Light modulation;Ultrafast phenomena;Laser mode
             locking;Spectrum analysis;Frequencies;Timing jitter;Pumping
             (laser);},
   Abstract = {Direct measurements of the spectral purity in terahertz
             femtosecond-demodulation sources are reported and compared
             to theory. Because these sources operate at very high
             harmonics ( [similar to] 10<sup>2</sup> - 10<sup>4</sup>) of
             the mode-lock frequency, a high spectral purity source is
             very dependent on a low-jitter femtosecond laser.
             Conversely, the spectral content of the terahertz sources
             provides detailed information about timing jitter and
             stringent tests of models used to describe the jitter. We
             find that both the behavior of the central core, and the
             noise skirts of the power spectrum of our sources, can be
             quantitatively related to measured ripple and continuum
             amplitude noise on the Ar<sup>+</sup> pump laser by use of
             modulation theory.},
   Key = {01246539807}
}

@article{fds44502,
   Author = {33) J.R. Demers and T.M. Goyette and K.B. Ferrio and H.O. Everitt and B.D. Guenther and F.C. DeLucia},
   Title = {“Spectral Purity and Sources of Noise in
             Femtosecond-Demodulation Terahertz Sources Driven by
             Ti:Sapphire Mode-Locked Lasers},
   Journal = {IEEE J. Quant Elect},
   Volume = {QE37},
   Pages = {595-605},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds44502}
}

@article{fds44503,
   Author = {B.D. Guenther and H. Weller and J.L. Godwin},
   Title = {A Search for Nuclear Isotopes for Use in a Nuclear
             Battery},
   Journal = {AIAA J. Prop & Power},
   Volume = {17},
   Number = {3},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds44503}
}

@article{6400670,
   Author = {Iam Choon Khoo and Min-Yi Shih and Wood, M.V. and Guenther,
             B.D. and Pao Hsu Chen and Simoni, F. and Slussarenko, S.S. and Francescangeli, O. and Lucchetti, L.},
   Title = {Dye-doped photorefractive liquid crystals for dynamic and
             storage holographic grating formation and spatial light
             modulation},
   Journal = {Proc. IEEE (USA)},
   Volume = {87},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {1897 - 911},
   Year = {1999},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.796353},
   Keywords = {dyes;holographic gratings;holographic storage;liquid crystal
             devices;multiwave mixing;nematic liquid crystals;optical
             films;refractive index;space charge;spatial light
             modulators;},
   Abstract = {The basic mechanisms of photo-induced space charge field
             formation, director axis re-orientation, and refractive
             index changes in fullerene C60- and dye-doped nematic liquid
             crystals films are presented. In particular, in aligned
             methyl-red-doped nematic liquid crystal film, we observe a
             nonlinear index change coefficient as high as 10
             cm<sup>2</sup>/W, associated with purely optically induced
             liquid crystal director axis re-orientation. Experimental
             observations of dynamic and high-resolution storage
             holographic grating formation, two beam coupling with gain
             of nearly 3000 cm<sup>-1</sup>, optical limiting action at
             nanowatt cw laser power, and incoherent-coherent image
             conversion at &mu;W/cm<sup>2</sup> light intensity level are
             discussed},
   Key = {6400670}
}

@article{99104830904,
   Author = {Peyghambarian, N. and Ferrio, K.B. and Herlocker, J.A. and Hendrickx, E. and Guenther, B.D. and Kippelen, B. and Mery,
             S.},
   Title = {Photorefractive polymers with video-rate
             performance},
   Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
             Engineering},
   Volume = {3749},
   Pages = {336 - 337},
   Address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
   Year = {1999},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.354773},
   Keywords = {Vinyl resins;Chromophores;Birefringence;Photoconductivity;Transparency;Photosensitizers;Diffraction
             gratings;Electric field effects;Ellipsometry;Electric
             potential;},
   Abstract = {The introduction of birefringent chromophores with
             ground-state dipole moments into a photoconductive polymer
             host has provided the design flexibility to improve both
             dynamic range and speed. From the diffraction efficiency and
             Kogelnik's theory of thick gratings, it exhibits a dominant
             response time of approximately 2 ms for the underlying
             index-modulation with an additional slow component of
             approximately 1 ms and may support applications requiring
             video-rates. The orientational mobility of the chromophores
             is not limiting the response of the composite and
             kiloherts-regime responses may be achievable with improved
             photoconductivity.},
   Key = {99104830904}
}

@article{6520139,
   Author = {Ferrio, K.B. and Herlocker, J.A. and Hendrickx, E. and Guenther, B.D. and Peyghambarian, N. and Kippelen, B. and Mery, S.},
   Title = {Charge transport and chromophore orientation in a new
             photorefractive polymer composite with response-time in the
             millisecond-regime},
   Journal = {Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the
             Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference
             Edition. CLEO '99. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
             (IEEE Cat. No.99CH37013)},
   Pages = {510 - 11},
   Address = {Baltimore, MD, USA},
   Year = {1999},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.1999.834518},
   Keywords = {carrier mobility;filled polymers;optical modulation;optical
             polymers;photoconducting materials;photorefractive
             materials;},
   Abstract = {Summary form only given. Since the first observation of
             photorefractivity in a polymer composite, applications to
             information-processing and dynamic holography have spurred
             rapid development. A critical step was the realization that
             index-modulation is enhanced by reorientation of
             birefringent chromophores in composites with low
             glass-transition temperatures, T<sub>g</sub>. Now attention
             has turned to understanding and improving response-times. A
             composite with a 4-ms component has been reported recently,
             with persuasive evidence that photoconductivity limits
             speed. We report an even faster 1.8-ms component in a very
             different composite a fluorinated cyanotolane
             chromophore},
   Key = {6520139}
}

@article{99104821307,
   Author = {Herlocker, J.A. and Ferrio, K.B. and Hendrickx, E. and Guenther, B.D. and Mery, S. and Kippelen, B. and Peyghambarian, N.},
   Title = {Direct observation of orientation limit in a fast
             photorefractive polymer composite},
   Journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
   Volume = {74},
   Number = {16},
   Pages = {2253 - 2255},
   Year = {1999},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123816},
   Keywords = {Vinyl resins;Fluorine containing polymers;Chromophores;Four
             wave mixing;Photosensitizers;Refractive index;Ellipsometry;Diffraction
             gratings;Birefringence;Light absorption;},
   Abstract = {The photorefractivity and chromophore orientation in polymer
             composites were studied. The composites were made from
             poly-N-vinylcarbazole, N-ethylcarbazole, and
             (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenylidene)malonodinitrile with a
             fluorinated cyano-tolane chromophore. The transient
             photorefractive response in four-wave mixing (FWM) and
             two-beam coupling (TBC) was measured. Transient FWM revealed
             a photorefractive response dominated by a fast time constant
             of 4 ms, while transient ellipsometry revealed an
             orientational response of only 490 &mu;s.},
   Key = {99104821307}
}

@article{00025024609,
   Author = {Peyghambarian, N. and Ferrio, K.B. and Herlocker, J.A. and Handrickx, E. and Guenther, B.D. and Mery, S. and Zhang, Y. and Kippelen, B.},
   Title = {Photorefractive polymers with high speed},
   Journal = {Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings},
   Volume = {561},
   Pages = {131 - 139},
   Address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
   Year = {1999},
   Keywords = {Photorefractive materials;Diffraction gratings;Nonlinear
             optics;Four wave mixing;Optical devices;Holograms;},
   Abstract = {Rapid progress in photorefractive polymers includes new
             materials with improved response rates. We briefly review
             recent developments in this rapidly evolving area and report
             grating formation with a 2-millisecond time-constant, the
             fastest reported to date in any photorefractive
             polymer.},
   Key = {00025024609}
}

@article{99104859733,
   Author = {Herlocker, Jon A. and Ferrio, Kyle B. and Hendrickx, Eric and Guenther, B.D. and Mery, Stephane and Kippelen, Bernard and Peyghambarian, Nasser},
   Title = {Observation of 4-ms response-time in a photorefractive
             polymer},
   Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
             Engineering},
   Volume = {3623},
   Pages = {168 - 174},
   Address = {San Jose, CA, USA},
   Year = {1999},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.348395},
   Keywords = {Organic polymers;Diffraction gratings;Ellipsometry;Optical
             properties;Electric field effects;},
   Abstract = {Efficient photorefractive polymers hold great potential for
             optical data processing and storage and so have been a topic
             of intense investigations in recent years. Materials with
             nearly 100% diffraction efficiencies have been developed,
             but these have been generally characterized by much slower
             responses than their less efficient inorganic counterparts.
             In this report, we describe a 4-ms initial rise-time using a
             visible-transparent chromophore in a PVK-based polymer of
             T<sub>g</sub> = 39&deg;C for 48-V/&micro;m bias projected
             along the grating vector and 250-m W/cm<sup>2</sup> writing
             beams. This fast component consistently accounts for 90% of
             the steady-state response and is analyzed as a function of
             bias field. We also present transient ellipsometry
             measurements of an orientational response significantly
             faster than the grating development, suggesting that
             chromophore alignment speed does not limit transient grating
             formation. We describe the role of such underlying property
             measurements in understanding photorefractive transient
             behavior, and prospects for further improvements.},
   Key = {99104859733}
}

@article{6397883,
   Author = {Hendrickx, E. and Guenther, B.D. and Zhang, Y. and Wang,
             J.F. and Staub, K. and Zhang, Q. and Marder, S.R. and Kippelen, B. and Peyghambarian, N.},
   Title = {Ellipsometric determination of the electric-field-induced
             birefringence of photorefractive dyes in a liquid carbazole
             derivative},
   Journal = {Chem. Phys. (Netherlands)},
   Volume = {245},
   Number = {1-3},
   Pages = {407 - 15},
   Year = {1999},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0104(99)00049-X},
   Keywords = {birefringence;dyes;ellipsometry;organic compounds;photorefractive
             materials;polarisability;},
   Abstract = {We have used ellipsometric measurements on solutions of
             2-dihexylamino-7-dicyanomethylidene-3,4,4a,5,6-pentahydronaphthalene
             and related polyenes in liquid 9-(2'-ethylhexyl)carbazole to
             measure the electric-field-induced birefringence at
             wavelengths of 690 nm and 830 nm. This electric-field-induced
             birefringence is related to the product of dipole moment
             squared and the polarizability anisotropy,
             &mu;<sup>2</sup>&Delta;&alpha;, and to a large extent
             determines the dye's photorefractive figure-of-merit (FOM).
             We show that &mu;<sup>2</sup>&Delta;&alpha; increases with
             the conjugation length and report one of the highest
             &mu;<sup>2</sup>&Delta;&alpha; values observed so
             far},
   Key = {6397883}
}

@article{98084340144,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Slussarenko, S. and Guenther, B.D. and Shih,
             Min-Yi and Chen, P. and Wood, W.V.},
   Title = {Optical nonlinear index coefficient of over 6
             cm2/W in dye-doped nematic liquid
             crystals},
   Journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical
             Digest},
   Pages = {215 - 216},
   Address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.1998.676075},
   Keywords = {Nematic liquid crystals;Optical materials;Refractive
             index;Diffraction gratings;Dye lasers;Thick
             films;},
   Abstract = {The observation of an extraordinarily large purely optically
             induced refractive index change mechanism in methyl-red
             dye-doped nematic liquid crystal film is reported. A
             refractive index change coefficient of over 6
             cm<sup>2</sup>/W was obtained. Visually observable
             self-diffraction and holographic grating diffraction can be
             generated with optical intensity as low as 40
             &mu;W/cm<sup>2</sup>. The response times are measured to be
             in the milliseconds regime.},
   Key = {98084340144}
}

@article{98034118987,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Slussarenko, S. and Guenther, B.D. and Shih,
             Min-Yi and Chen, P. and Wood, W.V.},
   Title = {Optically induced space-charge fields, dc voltage, and
             extraordinarily large nonlinearity in dye-doped nematic
             liquid crystals},
   Journal = {Optics Letters},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {253 -},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {98034118987}
}

@article{6216736,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Chen, P. and Min-Yi Shih and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Self-defocusing and optical limiting of nanoWatt cw laser
             and image processing at μ Watt/cm2 intensity
             with nematic liquid crystals},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {3475},
   Pages = {143 - 9},
   Address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.326900},
   Keywords = {image processing;liquid crystal devices;nematic liquid
             crystals;optical limiters;refractive index;spatial light
             modulators;},
   Abstract = {Using nematic liquid crystal films doped with photocharge
             producing dyes, we have demonstrated the feasibility of
             optical limiting of long pulse-cw lasers at nanowatt power,
             and clamped transmission of &Lt;1 &mu;J. We also
             demonstration incoherent-coherent image conversion
             capability with optical intensity in the
             &mu;Watt/cm<sup>2</sup> level},
   Key = {6216736}
}

@article{5856220,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Liquid crystals for fast infrared laser switching and
             optical limiting application},
   Journal = {Materials for Optical Limiting II. Symposium},
   Pages = {229 - 34},
   Address = {San Franicso, CA, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   Keywords = {electro-optical switches;liquid crystal devices;molecular
             reorientation;multiwave mixing;nematic liquid
             crystals;nonlinear optics;},
   Abstract = {We present the results of several experimental studies of
             infrared [IR] nonlinear optical responses of aligned nematic
             liquid crystals, including laser induced molecular
             reorientation, density-, thermal- and order
             paramter-changes, optical wave mixing, beam amplification,
             and interface switching effects. Using lasers in the near-IR
             [1.55 &mu;m], mid-IR [5 &mu;m] and IR [10.6 &mu;m] spectral
             regime, the potentials for nonlinear optical applications
             with CW, millisecond to microsecond lasers are
             explored},
   Key = {5856220}
}

@article{5856221,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Nonlinear optical fiber core materials for optical limiting
             application},
   Journal = {Materials for Optical Limiting II. Symposium},
   Pages = {241 - 7},
   Address = {San Franicso, CA, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   Keywords = {arrays;high-speed optical techniques;liquid crystal
             devices;nonlinear optics;optical fibres;},
   Abstract = {Several liquid phase liquid crystals and liquids are found
             to possess broadband nonlinear absorption characteristics
             suitable for optical limiting applications. Using these
             liquids as fiber waveguiding cores, we have developed fiber
             arrays that provide excellent limiting performance
             characteristics against frequency agile visible laser pulses
             in the nanosecond-picosecond time scale. These fiber arrays
             are compact, low cost/weight, and are capable of
             transmitting high quality images throughout the entire
             visible spectrum},
   Key = {5856221}
}

@article{6508149,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Guenther, B.D. and Slussarenko,
             S.},
   Title = {Photo-induced space charge fields, photo-voltaic,
             photorefractivity, and optical wave mixing in nematic liquid
             crystals},
   Journal = {Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Switzerland)},
   Volume = {321},
   Pages = {863 - 82},
   Address = {Heppenheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany},
   Year = {1998},
   Keywords = {electro-optical effects;holographic gratings;holographic
             storage;multiwave mixing;nematic liquid crystals;photoconductivity;photorefractive
             effect;space charge;},
   Abstract = {We present a detailed discussion of the fundamental
             mechanisms for recently observed nonlinear electro-optical
             wave mixing effects in nematic liquid crystal films.
             Experimental results on photoconductivity,
             photorefractive-like two beam coupling, beam amplification,
             self-diffraction, and storage holographic grating formation
             in dye- and fullerene C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>61</sub>
             doped nematic films are presented along with a review of
             two- and four-wave mixing theories. Nematic liquid crystal
             films are shown to be potentially useful for adaptive and
             optical storage applications},
   Key = {6508149}
}

@article{6190962,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Chen, P. and Min-Yi Shih and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Novel liquid-cored fiber and liquid crystal film for sensor
             protection against visible ps-cw lasers},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {3472},
   Pages = {30 - 9},
   Address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.326888},
   Keywords = {high-speed optical techniques;laser beam effects;nematic
             liquid crystals;optical fibres;optical films;optical
             limiters;optical saturable absorption;optical
             self-focusing;optical sensors;radiation protection;two-photon
             processes;},
   Abstract = {We have developed compact millimeter thick optical fiber
             arrays with nonlinear optical liquid guiding cores. These
             image transmitting fiber arrays are capable of passive
             optical limiting action against frequency agile short
             (picosecond-nanosecond) laser pulses in the visible
             spectrum. We present the results of further studies of their
             limiting performance. We also discuss how a recently
             discovered extraordinarily large nonlinear optical response
             of methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystal film may be
             employed for limiting action on longer pulse or cw lasers
             with nanowatt threshold power},
   Key = {6190962}
}

@article{98074282885,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Guenther, B.D. and Shih,
             Min-Yi and Chen, P.H.},
   Title = {Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting of laser pulses in
             a liquid-cored fiber array},
   Journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {1533 - 1540},
   Year = {1998},
   Keywords = {Light absorption;Optical fibers;Molecular
             structure;Molecules;Refractive index;Fullerenes;Liquid
             crystals;Laser pulses;Neodymium lasers;Numerical
             methods;},
   Abstract = {A model for the nonlinear molecular photonic processes
             occurring in the fiber-core liquid molecules was developed.
             The model was used to analyze the nonlinear transmission of
             nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses through these fibers.
             In the picosecond regime, nonlinear absorptions play the
             dominant role, whereas in the nanosecond regime,
             thermal-density effects are further required for achieving
             comparable limiting performance characteristics. The
             thresholds and limited-clamped output from these fiber
             structures are below sensor damage levels.},
   Key = {98074282885}
}

@article{99024581921,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Shih, M.Y. and Chen, Ph. and Wood, M. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Nematic liquid crystal film with a nonlinear index
             coefficient of over 10 cm2/Watt and ms response
             speed},
   Journal = {Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society
             Annual Meeting-LEOS},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {201 - 202},
   Address = {Orlando, FL, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1998.739530},
   Keywords = {Nematic liquid crystals;Birefringence;Electric
             potential;Refractive index;Electric space
             charge;Anisotropy;Dyes;Light modulators;Diffraction
             gratings;Nonlinear optics;Adaptive optics;},
   Abstract = {Liquid crystals posses large birefringence spanning the
             visible to infrared spectral regime and large optical
             nonlinearities. One advantage of dye doped nematic liquid
             crystal (DDLC) over a commercial liquid crystal spatial
             light modulators (SLM) is the resolution capability. The
             resolution of DDLC can be over 200 lp/nm compared to
             commercial SLM's typical resolution capability of at most 40
             lp/nm. Since many dyes exist that will cover a wide
             spectrum, these DDLC films are promising candidates for
             developing broadband optical modulators and limiters,
             adaptive optics and dynamic holographic optical devices and
             for wavelength or coherent-incoherent image conversion
             devices.},
   Key = {99024581921}
}

@article{98084340364,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Guenther, B.D. and Shih, Min-Yi and Chen,
             P.H. and Wood, M.V.},
   Title = {Optical limiting of submicrowatt long-pulse cw lasers with
             extremely nonlinear nematic liquid crystal
             films},
   Journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical
             Digest},
   Pages = {374 - 375},
   Address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
   Year = {1998},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.1998.676330},
   Keywords = {Limiters;Nematic liquid crystals;Nonlinear
             optics;Focusing;Diffraction gratings;Light
             polarization;Light absorption;Band structure;Optical
             variables measurement;Refractive index;},
   Abstract = {The feasibility of optical limiting with submicrowatt laser
             power at milliseconds speed is demonstrated. Because many
             dyes exist that will cover the entire visible spectrum, such
             dye-doped nematic films are highly promising candidates for
             application as very broadband optical limiters. These films
             can be easily integrated onto other optical limiting devices
             to fabricate devices that will provide protection against
             frequency agile picosecond cw lasers.},
   Key = {98084340364}
}

@article{5961991,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Guenther, B.D. and Min-Yi Shih and Chen, P.H. and Zhaogen Chen and Xumu
             Zhang},
   Title = {Nonlinear optical liquid cored fiber array and liquid
             crystal film for ps-CW frequency agile laser optical
             limiting application},
   Journal = {Optics Express},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {12},
   Year = {1998},
   Keywords = {arrays;high-speed optical techniques;liquid films;nematic
             liquid crystals;nonlinear optics;optical fibres;organic
             compounds;},
   Abstract = {The molecular nonlinear photonic absorption processes of two
             nonlinear fiber core liquids are discussed in the context of
             nonlinear propagation and optical limiting of short pulses,
             these fiber arrays are capable of limiting threshold and
             clamped output below 1 &mu;J for picosecond and nanosecond
             pulses. We also discuss the observation of perhaps the
             largest optical nonlinearity in some dye-doped nematic
             liquid crystal films. These films provide limiting action
             with a threshold power of 100 nWatt and limited transmission
             of &Lt;1 microJoule for ms-CW laser},
   Key = {5961991}
}

@article{97103894974,
   Author = {Ratches, James A. and Walters, C.P. and Buser, Rudolf G. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Aided and automatic target recognition based upon sensory
             inputs from image forming systems},
   Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
             Intelligence},
   Volume = {19},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1004 - 1019},
   Year = {1997},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.615449},
   Keywords = {Image sensors;Military applications;Algorithms;Sensor data
             fusion;Mathematical models;Signal to noise ratio;Data
             acquisition;Database systems;},
   Abstract = {This paper systematically reviews 10 years of research that
             several Army Laboratories conducted in object recognition
             algorithms, processors, and evaluation techniques. In the
             military, object recognition is applied to the
             discrimination of military targets, ranging from human-aided
             to autonomous operations, and is called Automatic Target
             Recognition (ATR). The research described here has been
             concentrated in human-aided target recognition applications,
             but some attention has been paid to automatic processes.
             Definitions and performance metrics that have been developed
             are described along with performance data showing the
             present state-of-the-art. The effects of signal-to-noise and
             clutter parameters are indicated in the data. Multisensor
             fusion and model-based algorithms are discussed as the
             latest techniques under consideration by the military
             research community. The results demonstrate that useful
             performance can be achieved, and tools are evolving to
             understand and improve the performance under real-world
             conditions. The referenced research strongly indicates the
             need for the development of image science, as described in
             the paper, to support the theoretical underpinnings of
             ATR.},
   Key = {97103894974}
}

@article{5831130,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Min-Yi Shih and Guenther, B.D. and Chen, P.},
   Title = {Analytical modeling of nonlinear-and excited
             state-absorption and optical limiting in a liquid-cored
             fiber array},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {3146},
   Pages = {125 - 32},
   Address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   Year = {1997},
   Keywords = {excited states;high-speed optical techniques;image
             resolution;limiters;nonlinear optics;optical fibre
             communication;optical fibres;optical materials;visual
             communication;},
   Abstract = {Recently observed optical limiting effects of nano-and
             pico-second laser pulses through a fiber array are analyzed
             using a model that accounts for various nonlinear and
             excited state absorption, and subsequent thermal and density
             effects occurring in the fiber guiding core materials. The
             nonlinear liquid cored-fiber arrays we have constructed are
             capable of low optical limiting threshold and clamped
             output, as well as high resolution image
             transmission},
   Key = {5831130}
}

@article{97093804540,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Guenther, B.D. and Wood, M.V. and Chen, P. and Shih, Min-Yi},
   Title = {Coherent beam amplification with a photorefractive liquid
             crystal},
   Journal = {Optics Letters},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {16},
   Pages = {1229 - 1231},
   Year = {1997},
   Keywords = {Light refraction;Nematic liquid crystals;Thin
             films;Fullerenes;Diffraction gratings;Laser
             applications;Four wave mixing;},
   Abstract = {This report discusses the enhancement of the beam-coupling
             effect with the use of a more efficient photocharge-producing
             dopant such as fullerene C60 and a much larger effective
             applied dc field in thinner liquid-crystal films. More
             importantly, it is shown that the beam-amplification process
             is accompanied by negligible phase cross talk between pump
             and the signal beams similar to those observed in
             photorefractive crystals.},
   Key = {97093804540}
}

@article{5831115,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Khoo, I.C.},
   Title = {Beam amplification and cleanup with two-and four-wave mixing
             in photorefractive nematic liquid crystal
             films},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {3143},
   Pages = {191 - 200},
   Address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   Year = {1997},
   Keywords = {adaptive optics;liquid crystal devices;multiwave
             mixing;nematic liquid crystals;optical crosstalk;optical
             films;photorefractive materials;},
   Abstract = {Recent theoretical and experimental results have shown that
             the orientational photorefractive effect seen in doped
             nematic liquid crystal films gives rise to strong beam
             amplification effects without suffering from phase
             crosstalk. These effects, examined for both four and two
             wave mixing, are well suited for adaptive optics
             applications},
   Key = {5831115}
}

@article{5434860,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Lee, M. and Guenther,
             B.D.},
   Title = {Nonlinear liquid-crystal fiber structures for passive
             optical limiting of short laser pulses},
   Journal = {Opt. Lett. (USA)},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {20},
   Pages = {1625 - 7},
   Year = {1996},
   Keywords = {fluctuations;high-speed optical techniques;laser beam
             effects;laser beams;light absorption;light
             scattering;limiters;liquid crystal devices;nonlinear
             optics;optical fibres;refractive index;thermo-optical
             effects;},
   Abstract = {Optical limiting of nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses
             through millimeter-length isotropic liquid-crystal-cored
             fiber structures is reported. Low limiting threshold and
             clamped transmitted outputs are observed. The underlying
             nonlinear mechanisms are nonlinear photoabsorptions and
             scattering and lossy waveguiding caused by laser-induced
             thermal-density index fluctuations},
   Key = {5434860}
}

@article{97013496365,
   Author = {Simoni, F. and Francescangeli, O. and Reznikov, Y. and Slussarenko, S. and Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M. and Guenther,
             B.D.},
   Title = {Optical holographic grating formation in dye- and
             fullerene-doped liquid crystalline system},
   Journal = {Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society
             Annual Meeting-LEOS},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {265 -},
   Address = {Boston, MA, USA},
   Year = {1996},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565232},
   Keywords = {Nematic liquid crystals;Fullerenes;Semiconducting
             films;Semiconductor doping;Polymeric glass;Holographic
             interferometry;Nonlinear optics;Optical properties;Birefringence;Photolithography;},
   Abstract = {The nonlinear optical properties of nematic liquid crystal
             films doped with dyes of fullerene C<sub>60</sub> are
             studied. Nematic liquid crystals were doped with azo-dyes,
             and tested for their optical storage capabilities. An
             electro-optical holographic storage grating effect is
             observed in C<sub>60</sub>-doped nematic liquid crystal
             films. The effect is attributed to molecular axis
             reorientation caused by the combination of an applied DC
             field and an optically induced DC space charge. The observed
             nonlinear sensitivity of the films is larger than that of
             other materials studied.},
   Key = {97013496365}
}

@article{5385274,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Narayanan, R.M.},
   Title = {Vegetation obscuration effects on mid-infrared laser
             reflectance of soil},
   Journal = {IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
             Symposium. Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future (Cat.
             No.96CH35875)},
   Volume = {vol.1},
   Pages = {445 - 7},
   Address = {Lincoln, NE, USA},
   Year = {1996},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516368},
   Keywords = {geochemistry;geophysical techniques;infrared imaging;optical
             radar;remote sensing by laser beam;soil;},
   Abstract = {Mid-infrared laser reflectances of soils containing specific
             minerals show diagnostic features in the 9-11 &mu;m
             wavelength range, resulting in their suitability for remote
             sensing of terrestrial lithology. However, the presence of
             actively growing vegetation can obscure these diagnostic
             features, in some cases almost completely, so as to make
             mineral identification virtually impossible. An experimental
             study was carried out to determine the effects of growing
             grass on the mid-infrared laser reflectance of bare soil in
             order to determine the conditions under which the underlying
             soil reflectance loses its diagnostic features, reflectance
             ratios (indicative of diagnostic features) were investigated
             as a function of grass-blade height for different grass
             densities. It was found that, under specific soil
             conditions, there appeared a grass-blade height value at
             which the diagnostic ratios level off to a value of 1.0,
             thereby masking the underlying soil features. These results
             are expected to be useful for identifying optimal conditions
             under which soil mineralogy can be identified under
             overlying vegetation},
   Key = {5385274}
}

@article{5718272,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Wood, M.V. and Khoo, I.C.},
   Title = {Photorefractivity, phase conjugation and thermal wave mixing
             effects in the visible and near IR spectral region for dye
             and fullerene C60-doped nematic liquid
             crystals},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {2854},
   Pages = {151 - 9},
   Address = {Denver, CO, USA},
   Year = {1996},
   Keywords = {electro-optical effects;fullerenes;liquid films;multiwave
             mixing;nematic liquid crystals;nonlinear optics;optical
             phase conjugation;organic compounds;photorefractive
             effect;thermo-optical effects;},
   Abstract = {The results of a recent study of a nonlinear electro-optical
             effect in dye and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>-doped nematic
             liquid crystal films are presented. In particular,
             photo-induced conduction, self diffraction effects, and
             optical phase conjugation in the films from near-UV to
             near-IR wavelengths are explained},
   Key = {5718272}
}

@article{97083766919,
   Author = {Goyette, T.M. and Guo, W. and De Lucia and F.C. and Brown, E.R. and McIntosh, K.A. and Juvan, K. and Swartz, J.C. and Everitt, H.O. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {High resolution sub-millimeter spectroscopy using
             mode-locked laser driven electro-optic antennas},
   Journal = {Springer Series in Chemical Physics},
   Number = {62},
   Pages = {56 -},
   Year = {1996},
   Key = {97083766919}
}

@article{5260944,
   Author = {Yin, S. and Guenther, B.D. and Yu, F.T.S.},
   Title = {A tunable narrow-band filter using a photorefractive
             fiber},
   Journal = {Opt. Mem. Neural Netw. (USA)},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {35 - 41},
   Year = {1996},
   Keywords = {diffraction gratings;electro-optical effects;optical design
             techniques;optical fibre filters;photorefractive
             materials;refractive index;tuning;},
   Abstract = {In this paper, the design of a high signal-to-noise ratio
             (SNR) tunable filter using a single crystal photorefractive
             (PR) fiber is given. Because of the long physical structure,
             Bragg gratings of a large number of periods can be
             synthesized within the fiber. The wavelength selectivity of
             10<sup>5</sup> order can be realized, which is suitable to
             develop a narrow-band filter in the order of 0.01 nm. By
             using a multiple grating structure in the fiber, a high SNR
             of about 40 db is achievable in practice. Since the PR fiber
             has a high electro-optic constant, the refractive index of
             the fiber can be varied by an applied electric field, for
             which the tuning speed can be in the ns range},
   Key = {5260944}
}

@article{97013501422,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Nonlinear liquid crystal optical fiber arrays for
             all-optical switching/limiting},
   Journal = {Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society
             Annual Meeting-LEOS},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {211 - 212},
   Address = {Boston, MA, USA},
   Year = {1996},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571627},
   Keywords = {Nonlinear optics;Liquid crystals;Laser pulses;Imaging
             systems;Optical waveguides;Optical sensors;Light
             absorption;Doping (additives);Fullerenes;Optical instrument
             lenses;Optical switches;Optical communication;},
   Abstract = {An experiment was carried out to investigate the performance
             of an optical limiting/protection device which features a
             liquid crystal fiber array. The fiber core materials, which
             was made up of isotropic liquid crystal mixture ILC, was
             doped with a variety of dopant molecules, including an
             absorbing liquid crystal LC-X and fullerene, to improve its
             performance. For picosecond laser pulses, the output versus
             input energy curves for these liquid crystal core materials
             all exhibit limiting action at rather low threshold, with
             the clamped output also very low. With optimized dopant
             concentration and type, other liquid crystals with high
             two-photon absorption coefficient, much lower threshold and
             clamped transmission were obtained.},
   Key = {97013501422}
}

@article{5744526,
   Author = {Khoo, I.C. and Wood, M.V. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Photorefractivity and holographic storage effect in
             fullerene C60-doped nematic liquid
             crystals},
   Journal = {Liquid Crystals for Advanced Technologies.
             Symposium},
   Pages = {203 - 12},
   Address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
   Year = {1996},
   Keywords = {electro-optical effects;fullerenes;holographic storage;light
             diffraction;nematic liquid crystals;nonlinear
             optics;photoconductivity;photorefractive
             effect;},
   Abstract = {The results of a recent study of a nonlinear electro-optical
             effect in fullerene C<sub>60</sub>-doped nematic liquid
             crystal film are presented. In particular, photo-induced
             conduction, self diffraction effect, and permanent
             holographic formation in the films are explained},
   Key = {5744526}
}

@article{5146287,
   Author = {Swartz, J.C. and Guenther, B.D. and De Lucia and F.C. and Wei
             Guo and Jones, C.R. and Kosai, H. and Dutta,
             J.M.},
   Title = {Nondestructive diagnostics for relativistic picosecond
             bunched electron beams},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip.
             Top. (USA)},
   Volume = {52},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {5416 - 24},
   Year = {1995},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.5416},
   Keywords = {electron beams;particle beam diagnostics;rectangular
             waveguides;relativistic electron beam tubes;},
   Abstract = {The duration and form of relativistic picosecond electron
             bunches in the Duke University Mark III free-electron laser
             have been nondestructively measured by monitoring the
             submillimeter radiation produced by the bunches as they pass
             by or through a rectangular waveguide. Unlike other methods,
             our technique produces negligible electron bunch
             perturbation and allows real-time beam diagnostics to be
             performed simultaneously with free-electron laser (FEL)
             operation. We have measured 2.1-ps full width at half
             maximum duration electron bunches, studied the effect of
             electron gun and FEL modifications on bunch duration, and
             observed electron bunch variations during bunch
             trains},
   Key = {5146287}
}

@article{5207879,
   Author = {Shizhuo Yin and Guenther, B.D. and Yu, F.T.S.},
   Title = {Narrow-band filter using multiple photorefractive
             gratings},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {2529},
   Pages = {196 - 203},
   Address = {San Diego, CA, USA},
   Year = {1995},
   Keywords = {electro-optical effects;holographic gratings;optical fibre
             filters;photorefractive effect;refractive
             index;tuning;},
   Abstract = {In this paper, we propose a novel high SNR tunable filter
             using a photorefractive single crystal fiber with multiple
             holographic gratings. Since the single crystal fiber which
             is grown by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG)
             technique can be more than 100 mm long, volume gratings with
             extremely large number of period can be obtained in the
             fiber. Thus, the wavelength selectivity of the grating can
             be very high on the order of 10<sup>5</sup> so that one can
             achieve very narrow band filter (&lt;0.01 nm). To increase
             the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the filter, a method of
             using multiple holographic gratings is proposed. The SNR can
             be improved by more than 100 times as compared with a
             conventional volume grating filter. Finally, the
             electro-optic effect can be used to change the refractive
             index of the crystal fiber, which in turn changes the
             wavelength response of the stored volume grating. Since the
             response time of the electro-optic effect is on the order of
             1 ns, one can very rapidly tune the central-wavelength of
             the filter},
   Key = {5207879}
}

@article{95092876404,
   Author = {Jones, C.R. and Kosai, H. and Dutta, J.M. and Peters, M.J. and Guo, W. and De Lucia and F.C. and Benson, S.V. and Madey,
             J.M.J. and Swartz, J.C. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Generation of picosecond pulses at millimeter
             wavelengths},
   Journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
   Volume = {67},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1483 -},
   Year = {1995},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114502},
   Key = {95092876404}
}

@article{96012997722,
   Author = {Goyette, Thomas M. and Guo, Wei and De Lucia and Frank C. and Swartz, John C. and Everitt, Henry O. and Guenther, B.D. and Brown, Elliott R.},
   Title = {Femtosecond demodulation source for high-resolution
             submillimeter spectroscopy},
   Journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
   Volume = {67},
   Number = {25},
   Pages = {3810 -},
   Year = {1995},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115391},
   Key = {96012997722}
}

@article{93121755607,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Keynote address. Manufacturing the key to binary
             optics},
   Journal = {NASA Conference Publication},
   Number = {3227},
   Pages = {1 -},
   Address = {Huntsville, AL, USA},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {93121755607}
}

@article{93071637884,
   Author = {Phillips, P.J. and von Ramm, O.T. and Swarz, J.C. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Optical transducer for reception of ultrasonic
             waves},
   Journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
   Volume = {93},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {1182 - 1191},
   Year = {1993},
   Abstract = {A new optical transducer for the detection of acoustic
             pressure in the diagnostic ultrasound frequency range is
             described. This transducer is based on the modulation of an
             evanescent light field by the incident acoustic energy.
             Theoretical design considerations are presented for the
             purpose of developing the most sensitive transducer. Based
             on these considerations an experimental transducer was
             constructed. Although less sensitive than predicted this
             device was capable of transducing ultrasonic pulses with a
             1.0-MHz center frequency at diagnostic ultrasound amplitude
             levels. The techniques developed here are applicable for
             two-dimensional transduction and may prove a viable
             alternative to piezoelectric array transducers.},
   Key = {93071637884}
}

@article{92060518040,
   Author = {Guenther, B. D. and VanderLugt, A.},
   Title = {Interference and Fresnel diffraction},
   Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Education},
   Volume = {35},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {126 - 132},
   Year = {1992},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/13.135577},
   Keywords = {Mathematical Transformations - Fourier Transforms;Light -
             Diffraction;Holography;Microscopic Examination;},
   Abstract = {It is shown that a surprising number of traditional topics,
             such as the Rayleigh resolution criterion, spatial
             filtering, bandlimited signals, the sampling theorem, phase
             contrast microscopy, and white light holography, can be
             explained using simple interference theory. These basic
             results are then easily extended to the N-source case to
             introduce diffraction theory, and facilitate the teaching of
             the elements of modern optics to junior and senior-level
             students.},
   Key = {92060518040}
}

@booklet{Caulfield90,
   Author = {H. J. Caulfield and J. W. Goodman and R. D. Guenther and B.
             M. Hendrickson and J. A. Neff and W. T. Rhodes and T. M.
             Turpin and A. Yang},
   Title = {Goals for optical signal-processing and optical computing in
             the 1990s},
   Journal = {Laser Focus World},
   Volume = {26},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {143 -- 146},
   Year = {1990},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {Caulfield90}
}

@article{3625762,
   Author = {Lam, J.F. and Guenther, B.D. and Skatrud,
             D.D.},
   Title = {Theory of millimeter wave nonlinearities in semiconductor
             superlattices},
   Journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett. (USA)},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {773 - 5},
   Year = {1990},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102709},
   Keywords = {harmonic generation;self-induced transparency;semiconductor
             superlattices;},
   Abstract = {A study of the impact of semiconductor superlattices on
             millimeter wave nonlinearities is reported.
             &chi;<sup>(3)</sup> as large as 10<sup>-2</sup> esu can be
             achieved by using 250 GHz radiation. Self-induced
             transparency is also predicted, and its competition with the
             third-harmonic generation process is quantified},
   Key = {3625762}
}

@article{3614029,
   Author = {Swartz, J.C. and De Lucia and F.C. and Guenther,
             B.D.},
   Title = {Application of frequency-domain techniques for tuning pulsed
             lasers},
   Journal = {OSA Proceedings on Picosecond Electronics and
             Optoelectronics Volume 4. Proceedings of the OSA Topical
             Meeting},
   Pages = {57 - 60},
   Address = {Salt Lake City, UT, USA},
   Year = {1989},
   Keywords = {dye lasers;laser mode locking;laser tuning;},
   Abstract = {Demonstrates an alternative technique to the use of an
             autocorrelator for accurately tuning pulsed lasers. This
             technique is based upon the use of frequency domain
             information in place of the time domain information to
             obtain the optimum modelocked condition},
   Key = {3614029}
}

@article{3604172,
   Author = {Stone, T. and George, N. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Index variation and scattering in a holographic
             medium},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {1136},
   Pages = {35 - 44},
   Address = {Paris, France},
   Year = {1989},
   Keywords = {holographic gratings;holographic optical elements;light
             scattering;refractive index measurement;spectrophotometry;},
   Abstract = {In the fabrication of holographic optical elements, it is
             important to have careful characterization of the recording
             medium. Hence, the authors have made measurements of the
             increment in the index of refraction vs. exposure for
             DMP-128 manufactured by Polaroid corporation. The results of
             measurements are presented for a series of holographic
             diffraction gratings. A novel spectrometer technique that
             provides a simultaneous measure of both thickness and
             refractive index is described. Data illustrating its use are
             presented for the holographic photopolymer. The feasibility
             of filling voids in the processed photopolymer for device
             applications was demonstrated by construction of a
             distributed feedback dye laser in a DMP-128 grating. At high
             spatial frequencies, diffraction efficiency is used to
             estimate refractive index variations. As an initial finding,
             the authors report a rather large modulation in the index of
             refraction of 0.2 at 1000 cycles/mm},
   Key = {3604172}
}

@article{3392225,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Gradients and their applications},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {935},
   Pages = {95 - 104},
   Address = {Orlando, FL, USA},
   Year = {1988},
   Keywords = {gradient index optics;military equipment;},
   Abstract = {The use of gradient properties in a wide range of physical
             processes are discussed with emphasis on optical
             applications of interest to the military},
   Key = {3392225}
}

@article{3268777,
   Author = {Hay, W.C. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Characterization of Polaroid's DMP-128 holographic recording
             photopolymer},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {883},
   Pages = {102 - 5},
   Address = {Los Angeles, CA, USA},
   Year = {1988},
   Keywords = {holography;photographic emulsions;polymers;},
   Abstract = {The fundamental holographic properties of Polaroid's DMP-128
             have been measured. Diffraction efficiencies over 90% have
             been obtained with an index modulation of 0.033. It was
             found that the diffraction efficiency could be reduced from
             90% to less than 10% by the use of an index matching fluid.
             When the index matching fluid was allowed to evaporate, the
             diffraction efficiency returned to its original value. This
             observation suggests that the index modulation produced in
             the photopolymer is due to tiny cracks or voids formed in
             the polymer},
   Key = {3268777}
}

@article{3229262,
   Author = {Anderson, G.W. and Guenther, B.D. and Hynecek, J.A. and Keyes, R.J. and VanderLugt, A.},
   Title = {Role of photodetectors in optical signal
             processing},
   Journal = {Appl. Opt. (USA)},
   Volume = {27},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {2871 - 86},
   Year = {1988},
   Keywords = {optical information processing;photodetectors;},
   Abstract = {Optical signal processing applications place demands on
             photodetector arrays beyond those encountered in image
             sensing applications. The authors review the basic
             requirements and show that increased dynamic range and
             nonlinear decision operations that lead to reduced output
             data rates are the key improvements needed for both 1- and
             2-D arrays. Arrays of high-speed photodetector elements with
             integrated postdetection circuitry are also needed. Although
             they suggest some possible methods for achieving these
             goals, their main objective is to simulate the photodetector
             community to design and fabricate more useful
             devices},
   Key = {3229262}
}

@article{2587580,
   Author = {De Lucia and F.C. and Guenther, B.D. and Anderson,
             T.},
   Title = {Microwave generation from picosecond demodulation
             sources},
   Journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett. (USA)},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {894 - 6},
   Year = {1985},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.95968},
   Keywords = {demodulation;microwave generation;microwave
             tubes;},
   Abstract = {A mode-locked picosecond laser has been used to prebunch
             electron beams at a photocathode. These electrons are
             subsequently accelerated through coupling structures and
             microwaves radiated. The relation between the microwave
             output and the properties of the picosecond pulse train and
             the electron beam output coupling process are reported and
             related to theory. Among the important attributes of these
             devices are their ability to generate almost arbitrary
             microwave waveforms, to operate in the 100-200 kV region
             with very simple power supplies and excellent spectral
             purity, and to generate substantially more microwave power
             than contained in the optical drive},
   Key = {2587580}
}

@article{83030037371,
   Author = {Mink, J. W. and Guenther, B. D.},
   Title = {PLEA FOR SYNERGISM.},
   Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
             Engineering},
   Volume = {317},
   Pages = {10 - 14},
   Address = {Huntsville, AL, USA},
   Year = {1982},
   Keywords = {WAVEGUIDES;},
   Key = {83030037371}
}

@article{1951750,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Buser, R.G.},
   Title = {Tunable lasers-an overview},
   Journal = {IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (USA)},
   Volume = {QE-18},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {1179 - 84},
   Year = {1982},
   Keywords = {laser tuning;reviews;},
   Key = {1951750}
}

@article{1999923,
   Author = {Mink, J.W. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Plea for synergism [MM/subMM wave IC]},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
   Volume = {317},
   Pages = {10 - 14},
   Address = {Huntsville, AL, USA},
   Year = {1981},
   Keywords = {dielectric waveguides;economics;integrated circuit
             technology;integrated optics;microwave integrated
             circuits;military equipment;},
   Abstract = {Because of the proposed number of units expected to utilize
             millimeter/submillimeter waves in the military (on the scale
             of 50000 items/system) it is vital to develop the technology
             base such that it will economically support the manufacture
             of millimeter wave systems. The technology which holds the
             greatest potential to meet the military requirements above
             100 GHz will probably be based upon dielectric waveguides.
             That technology must be developed so that low cost,
             reproducible millimeter/submillimeter wave integrated
             circuits will be available},
   Key = {1999923}
}

@article{80060002737,
   Author = {Smith, J. Lynn and Guenther, B. D. and Christensen, Charles
             R.},
   Title = {REAL-TIME OPTICAL PROCESSING USING THE LIQUID CRYSTAL LIGHT
             VALVE.},
   Journal = {Journal of Applied Photographic Engineering},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {236 - 243},
   Year = {1979},
   Keywords = {CRYSTALS, LIQUID - Applications;},
   Abstract = {Implementation of the liquid crystal light valve in several
             coherent optical processing schemes is demonstrated.
             Experiments were designed to extend conventional techniques
             to real-time and explore new applications concepts. These
             are (1) real-time holography for adaptive optics, (2)
             Doppler imaging using the light valve for coherent detection
             with a frequency coded reference beam, (3) object
             recognition and tracking via cross-correlation with Vander
             Lugt filters, (4) time-average speckle imagery for
             discrimination of slowly moving objects, and finally (5)
             range-slice imagery and range-Doppler simulation.},
   Key = {80060002737}
}

@article{80060007211,
   Author = {Guenther, B. D. and Christensen, C. R. and Upatnieks,
             Juris},
   Title = {COHERENT OPTICAL PROCESSING: ANOTHER APPROACH.},
   Journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics},
   Volume = {QE-15},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {1348 - 1362},
   Year = {1979},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1979.1069953},
   Keywords = {OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING;},
   Abstract = {Demonstration of real-time coherent optical correlation for
             both vehicle tracking and identification has been
             demonstrated. A reference filter has been constructed that
             can recognize a vehicle from all orientations. A design of a
             coherent optical processor is presented using laser diode
             light sources and having a package size of 50
             cm**3.},
   Key = {80060007211}
}

@article{1238717,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Christensen, C.R. and Anil
             Jain},
   Title = {Digital processing of speckle images},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the 1978 Conference on Pattern Recognition
             and Image Processing},
   Pages = {85 - 90},
   Address = {Chicago, IL, USA},
   Year = {1978},
   Keywords = {digital filters;digital simulation;picture
             processing;probability;speckle;},
   Abstract = {A digital model of an image with speckel noise is
             constructed and verified by comparison to optically
             generated images with speckle noise. The model is then used
             to obtain detection probabilities and to evaluate several
             digital filtering techniques},
   Key = {1238717}
}

@article{1208625,
   Author = {Gamble, W.L. and Guenther, B.D. and Hartman, R.L. and Osmundsen, J.F. and Kruse, P.W.},
   Title = {MIRADCOM far infrared imaging radar program},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
             Engineers, vol.105. Far Infared/Submillimeter
             Wave},
   Pages = {102 - 11},
   Address = {Reston, VA, USA},
   Year = {1977},
   Keywords = {infrared imaging;radar;radar measurement;radar
             systems;},
   Abstract = {The US Army Missile Research and Development Command has set
             up an instrumented propagation range at Redstone Arsenal,
             Alabama, for the purpose of systematically identifying and
             exploring the effects of the atmosphere and materials
             reflectance (natural and cultural) on high angular
             resolution radar systems. The emphasis will be on
             propagation and reflectance measurements in the water vapor
             absorption windows around 730, 870 and 1200 micrometers. The
             techniques, apparatus, and goals are described},
   Key = {1208625}
}

@article{1136373,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and George, N. and Christensen, C.R. and Bennett, J.S.},
   Title = {Speckle noise and object contrast},
   Journal = {Photographic Science and Engineering},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {192 - 7},
   Year = {1977},
   Keywords = {optical images;optical information processing;optical
             systems;photography;speckle;},
   Abstract = {A technique is demonstrated for evaluation of detection
             thresholds as a function of object size and contrast in
             coherent imaging systems. Several experiments are used to
             illustrate the application of this technique: (a) A study of
             three different methods of speckle smoothing; (b) a
             demonstration that speckle decorrelates with input
             polarization; and (c) a demonstration that fully-developed
             speckle leads to an image degradation independent of light
             level over a very wide range of light levels. Photographic
             data are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this
             technique},
   Key = {1136373}
}

@article{1034989,
   Author = {George, N. and Christensen, C.R. and Bennett, J.S. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Speckle noise in displays},
   Journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. (USA)},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {1282 - 90},
   Year = {1976},
   Keywords = {display instrumentation;noise;optical radar;radar
             displays;speckle;},
   Abstract = {An expression is derived for the minimum detectable contrast
             level for an object in presence of speckle noise. The
             threshold limits of the discernible contrast with variation
             of the statistical parameters of the illumination are
             studied. Minimum detectable contrast is measured for two
             classes of speckle noise i) the coherent superposition of a
             plane wave and a diffuse (fully developed speckle) beam, the
             threshold being established as a function of beam ratio, and
             ii) the intensity superposition of N-independent fully
             developed speckle patterns. The effects of smoothing by area
             and by multiple looks are considered. Experimental results
             are in good agreement with theory},
   Key = {1034989}
}

@article{1053062,
   Author = {Gamble, W.L. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Submillimeter laser wave propagation},
   Journal = {2nd International Conference and Winter School on
             Submillimeter Waves and their Applications},
   Pages = {231 - 2},
   Address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico},
   Year = {1976},
   Keywords = {atmospheric light propagation;atmospheric measuring
             apparatus;laser beams;optical radar;optical resolving
             power;},
   Abstract = {Describes primarily the apparatus, techniques, goals and
             some preliminary results of the US Army Missile Command
             submillimeter wave program. The basic question is that of
             the range and effective angular resolution of scanned
             submillimeter radar systems in particular during
             meteorological conditions of severely limited visibility.
             The most critical propagation issues are water vapour
             absorption, extinction due to aerosols, and beam degradation
             effects, if any, due to atmospheric turbulence},
   Key = {1053062}
}

@article{76030005260,
   Author = {Aleksoff, C. C. and Guenther, B. D.},
   Title = {CROSS-CORRELATION DISCRIMINATION FOR OPTICAL CAVITY
             MODES.},
   Journal = {Applied Optics},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {206 - 217},
   Year = {1976},
   Keywords = {RESONATORS, CAVITY;},
   Abstract = {Matched spatial filters were constructed for various modes
             of a spherical Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPSI). The cross
             correlation between many of these modes was obtained
             experimentally as well as theoretically. The orthogonality
             between various modes was demonstrated and used in order to
             discriminate against all orthogonal modes. A discrimination
             function that predicts the performance of the
             matched-filtering process is defined and analytically
             evaluated for rectangular and cylindrical Gaussian modes. It
             is shown that arbitrary discrimination strength can be
             obtained at the sacrifice of output signal strength. It was
             experimentally demonstrated that a scanning FPSI used in
             conjunction with only one zero-order-mode filter could be
             used over nearly its entire domain of stable cavity spacings
             and still maintain a full (c/2L) free spectral
             range.},
   Key = {76030005260}
}

@article{921436,
   Author = {Schlie, L.A. and Guenther, B.D. and Rathge,
             R.D.},
   Title = {Positive gain measurements on the 3350-Å continuum
             band of Hg2},
   Journal = {Appl. Phys. Lett. (USA)},
   Volume = {28},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {393 - 6},
   Year = {1976},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.88772},
   Keywords = {gas lasers;mercury (metal);},
   Abstract = {Positive gain measurements are reported on the flanks of the
             3350 &Aring; continuum band in mercury vapour at 3.72 atm.
             pressure, pumped by a 600 J, 1.5 MeV, 20 nsec. pulsed
             electron beam. The stimulated emission cross section at
             three probe wavelengths is approximately 10<sup>-18</sup>
             cm<sup>2</sup>, exceeding photoabsorption by any process in
             Hg/Hg<sub>2</sub>. The laser gain signals are reported to be
             further enhanced in vapours heated above the saturation
             temperature, indicating that the upper level is populated by
             a temperature dependent internal energy reservoir},
   Key = {921436}
}

@article{908389,
   Author = {Aleksoff, C.C. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Cross-correlation discrimination for optical cavity
             modes},
   Journal = {Applied Optics},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {206 - 17},
   Year = {1976},
   Keywords = {correlators;holography;laser cavity resonators;light
             interferometers;optical filters;optical information
             processing;},
   Abstract = {A hologram can act as a matched spatial filter, i.e. as a
             correlator of two wavefronts. Correlation between the
             wavefront stored in the hologram and the incident wavefront
             is displayed as a two dimensional spatial distribution in
             the correlation plane. If a matched filter is produced for
             one of the modes of an open optical resonator, it can
             discriminate against all the other orthogonal modes. Theory
             and experimental results for matched spatial filters for the
             modes of a spherical Fabry-Perot interferometer (SFP1) are
             described. Effects of matched filtering of scanning SFP1 are
             shown. Experimental cross-correlation and autocorrelation
             functions for circularly symmetric and for rectangular modes
             are also shown. Fourier transform, convolution, and
             correlation characteristics of modes are
             tabulated},
   Key = {908389}
}

@article{830853,
   Author = {Schlie, L.A. and Guenther, B.D. and Drummond,
             D.L.},
   Title = {Origin of the 4400 Å and 5300 Å bands of
             Hg2},
   Journal = {Chem. Phys. Lett. (Netherlands)},
   Volume = {34},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {258 - 60},
   Year = {1975},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(75)85267-5},
   Keywords = {fluorescence;mercury (metal);molecular excited
             states;molecular vibration;},
   Abstract = {Previously reported spectral data from e-beam excited Hg
             vapor contains bands at 4400 &Aring; and 5300 &Aring;
             whereas other excitation methods produce a band centered at
             5100 &Aring;. The probable origin of the anomalous e-beam
             produced spectrum is shown to be the vibrational
             non-equilibrium of the Hg<sub>2</sub> (A<sup>3</sup>0<sub>u</sub><sup>-</sup>)
             state. Time resolved spectra are presented},
   Key = {830853}
}

@article{475254,
   Author = {Bendall, C.R. and Guenther, B.D. and Hartman,
             R.L.},
   Title = {Thick amplitude holograms: effect of nonlinear
             recording},
   Journal = {Appl. Opt. (USA)},
   Volume = {11},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {2992 - 3},
   Year = {1972},
   Keywords = {holography;},
   Abstract = {A modification is made of the coupled wave theory to
             describe the observed behaviour of a nonlinearly recorded
             hologram},
   Key = {475254}
}

@article{416298,
   Author = {Bendall, C.R. and Guenther, B.D.},
   Title = {Technique for obtaining a photomicrograph of a cross section
             of photographic emulsion},
   Journal = {Appl. Opt. (USA)},
   Volume = {11},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1653 -},
   Year = {1972},
   Keywords = {photographic materials;},
   Key = {416298}
}

@article{310588,
   Author = {Richards, P.M. and Christensen, C.R. and Guenther, B.D. and Daniel, A.C.},
   Title = {Nuclear-magnetic-resonance echo enhancement in an
             antiferromagnet},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. B, Solid State (USA)},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {2216 - 24},
   Year = {1971},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.4.2216},
   Keywords = {antiferromagnetic properties of substances;manganese
             compounds;nuclear magnetic resonance;},
   Abstract = {The observation of an anomalous enhancement of a two-pulse
             nuclear spin echo in antiferromagnetic MnO by a prepulse of
             variable width, amplitude, and delay time is described. A
             theory explaining this observation by adding frequency
             pulling to the Block equations is discussed. In this model
             the frequency pulling parameter is assumed to be
             inhomogeneous throughout the sample, consistent with current
             ideas of NMR line broadening in materials with strong
             pulling. Long free-induction decays observed following wide
             pulses are also explained},
   Key = {310588}
}

@article{262345,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Christensen, C.R. and Jensen, R.A. and Daniel, A.C.},
   Title = {Capacitively and inductively foreshortened cavities for
             magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
   Journal = {Rev. Sci. Instrum. (USA)},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {431 - 4},
   Year = {1971},
   Keywords = {cavity resonators;magnetic resonance spectrometers;nuclear
             magnetic resonance;resonators;},
   Abstract = {Two types of cylindrical reentrant cavities are described
             for magnetic resonance and ultrasonic applications in the
             0.1-1.0 GHz frequency region. The physical size of these
             cavities is reduced by introducing large capacitive and
             inductive elements into the cavity. Tuning, rf coupling, and
             temperature control techniques are described for operation
             at low temperatures},
   Key = {262345}
}

@article{224233,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Christensen, C.R. and Daniel, A.C. and Richards, P.M.},
   Title = {NMR and AFMR modes in antiferromagnetic MnO},
   Journal = {Phys. Lett. A (Netherlands)},
   Volume = {33a},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {355 - 7},
   Year = {1970},
   Keywords = {antiferromagnetic resonance;manganese compounds;nuclear
             magnetic resonance;},
   Abstract = {NMR modes in antiferromagnetic MnO are interpreted in terms
             of a two sublattice model. Observation of AFMR mode at 27.6
             GHz correlates with this interpretation},
   Key = {224233}
}

@article{285315,
   Author = {Daniel, A.C. and Guenther, B.D. and Christensen,
             C.R.},
   Title = {Echo amplification in magnetic materials with application to
             pulse compression radar},
   Volume = {unnumbered},
   Pages = {15 -},
   Year = {1970},
   Keywords = {ferrite applications;ferrites;garnets;nuclear magnetic
             resonance;radar receivers;},
   Abstract = {Echo phenomena in several materials have been reviewed for
             the purpose of considering the recently proposed amplified
             spin echo as a chirp radar receiver. The technique is
             believed to exhibit considerable merit in that a number of
             desirable characteristics have been combined in a unique
             manner. If properly realized, a portion of the processing of
             the radar signal could be accomplished at the antenna feed
             element. However, the available materials still limit the
             practical usefulness of this device as compared to more
             conventional techniques},
   Key = {285315}
}

@article{149180,
   Author = {Christensen, C.R. and Guenther, B.D. and Daniel,
             A.C.},
   Title = {NMR observation of domain structure in antiferromagnetic
             MnO},
   Journal = {J. Appl. Phys. (USA)},
   Volume = {41},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {1113 -},
   Address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
   Year = {1970},
   Keywords = {antiferromagnetic properties of substances;magnetic
             domains;manganese compounds;nuclear magnetic
             resonance;nuclei with 39⩽A⩽58;nuclei with
             59⩽A⩽89;},
   Abstract = {Abstract only given, substantially as follows. The frequency
             pulled <sup>55</sup>Mn nuclear resonance in MnO at 4.2&deg;K
             was observed as a function of the angle of rotation of the
             applied field <i>H</i><sub>0</sub> about a [111] direction.
             The resonance spectrum was found to consist of one branch,
             independent of the position of <i>H</i><sub>0</sub>, and
             three other branches which coincide in frequency with the
             angle independent branch at 60&deg; periods and move to
             lower frequencies at other positions of <i>H</i><sub>0</sub>.
             These branches correspond to resonance in antiferromagnetic
             <i>T</i>-domains ordered along the four equivalent [111]
             directions. The components of <i>H</i><sub>0</sub>
             perpendicular to each of the [111] directions were
             calculated as a function of magnet angle},
   Key = {149180}
}

@article{107233,
   Author = {Guenther, B.D. and Christensen, C.R. and Daniel,
             A.C.},
   Title = {55Mn nuclear magnetic resonance in
             antiferromagnetic MnO},
   Journal = {Phys. Lett. A (Netherlands)},
   Volume = {30a},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {391 - 2},
   Year = {1969},
   Keywords = {manganese compounds;nuclear magnetic resonance;nuclei with
             39⩽A⩽58;nuclei with 59⩽A⩽89;},
   Abstract = {One of the two <sup>55</sup>Mn nuclear magnetic resonances
             in MnO at 4.2&deg;K is found to be only slightly dependent
             upon the magnet field, whereas the second is relatively
             strongly pulled with decreasing field and unobservable below
             12 kOe},
   Key = {107233}
}