Publications of John E. Thomas    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Papers Published   
@article{fds248493,
   Author = {Joseph, JA and Thomas, JE and Kulkarni, M and Abanov,
             AG},
   Title = {Observation of shock waves in a strongly interacting Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {106},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {150401},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568532},
   Abstract = {We study collisions between two strongly interacting atomic
             Fermi gas clouds. We observe exotic nonlinear hydrodynamic
             behavior, distinguished by the formation of a very sharp and
             stable density peak as the clouds collide and subsequent
             evolution into a boxlike shape. We model the nonlinear
             dynamics of these collisions by using quasi-1D hydrodynamic
             equations. Our simulations of the time-dependent density
             profiles agree very well with the data and provide clear
             evidence of shock wave formation in this universal quantum
             hydrodynamic system.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.106.150401},
   Key = {fds248493}
}

@article{fds248492,
   Author = {Cao, C and Elliott, E and Joseph, J and Wu, H and Petricka, J and Schäfer,
             T and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Universal quantum viscosity in a unitary Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {331},
   Number = {6013},
   Pages = {58-61},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148347},
   Abstract = {A Fermi gas of atoms with resonant interactions is predicted
             to obey universal hydrodynamics, in which the shear
             viscosity and other transport coefficients are universal
             functions of the density and temperature. At low
             temperatures, the viscosity has a universal quantum scale ħ
             n, where n is the density and ħ is Planck's constant h
             divided by 2π, whereas at high temperatures the natural
             scale is p(T)(3)/ħ(2), where p(T) is the thermal momentum.
             We used breathing mode damping to measure the shear
             viscosity at low temperature. At high temperature T, we used
             anisotropic expansion of the cloud to find the viscosity,
             which exhibits precise T(3/2) scaling. In both experiments,
             universal hydrodynamic equations including friction and
             heating were used to extract the viscosity. We estimate the
             ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density and
             compare it with that of a perfect fluid.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.1195219},
   Key = {fds248492}
}

@article{fds183756,
   Author = {J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {The nearly perfect Fermi gas},
   Journal = {Physics Today},
   Series = {May 2010},
   Pages = {34-37},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {May},
   Key = {fds183756}
}

@article{fds248495,
   Author = {Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Is an ultra-cold strongly interacting Fermi gas a perfect
             fluid},
   Journal = {Nucl. Phys. A},
   Volume = {830},
   Pages = {635},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {October},
   Key = {fds248495}
}

@article{fds248496,
   Author = {Du, X and Zhang, Y and Petricka, J and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Controlling spin current in a trapped Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {010401},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19659125},
   Abstract = {We study fundamental features of spin current in a very
             weakly interacting Fermi gas of 6Li. By creating a spin
             current and then reversing its flow, we demonstrate control
             of the spin current. This reversal is predicted by a spin
             vector evolution equation in energy representation, which
             shows how the spin and energy of individual atoms become
             correlated in the nearly undamped regime of the experiments.
             The theory provides a simple physical description of the
             spin current and explains both the large amplitude and the
             slow temporal evolution of the data. Our results have
             applications in studying and controlling fundamental spin
             interactions and spin currents in ultracold
             gases.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.103.010401},
   Key = {fds248496}
}

@article{fds248497,
   Author = {Du, X and Zhang, Y and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Inelastic collisions of a Fermi gas in the BEC-BCS
             crossover.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {102},
   Number = {25},
   Pages = {250402},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19659058},
   Abstract = {We measure inelastic three-body and two-body collisional
             decay rates for a two-component Fermi gas of 6Li, which are
             highly suppressed by the Pauli exclusion principle. Our
             measurements are made in the BEC-BCS crossover regime, near
             the two-body collisional (Feshbach) resonance. At high
             temperature (energy) the data show a dominant three-body
             decay process, which is studied as a function of bias
             magnetic field. At low energy, the data show a coexistence
             of two-body and three-body decay processes near and below
             the Feshbach resonance. Below resonance, the observed
             two-body inelastic decay can arise from molecule-atom and
             molecule-molecule collisions. We suggest that at and above
             resonance, an effective two-body decay rate arises from
             collisions between atoms and correlated (Cooper) pairs that
             can exist at sufficiently low temperature.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.102.250402},
   Key = {fds248497}
}

@article{fds248494,
   Author = {Luo, L and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Thermodynamic measurements in strongly interacting Fermi
             gas},
   Journal = {Journal of Low Temperature Physics},
   Volume = {154},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {1-29},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0022-2291},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000261606000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Strongly interacting Fermi gases provide a clean and
             controllable laboratory system for modeling strong
             interparticle interactions between fermions in nature, from
             high temperature superconductors to neutron matter and
             quark-gluon plasmas. Model-independent thermodynamic
             measurements, which do not require theoretical models for
             calibrations, are very important for exploring this
             important system experimentally, as they enable direct tests
             of predictions based on the best current non-perturbative
             many-body theories. At Duke University, we use all-optical
             methods to produce a strongly interacting Fermi gas of
             spin-1/2-up and spin-1/2-down 6Li atoms that is magnetically
             tuned near a collisional (Feshbach) resonance. We conduct a
             series of measurements on the thermodynamic properties of
             this unique quantum gas, including the energy E, entropy S,
             and sound velocity c. Our model-independent measurements of
             E and S enable a precision study of the finite temperature
             thermodynamics. The E (S ) data are directly compared to
             several recent predictions. The temperature in both the
             superfluid and normal fluid regime is obtained from the
             fundamental thermodynamic relation T = ∂E/∂S by
             parameterizing the E(S) data using two different power laws
             that are joined with continuous E and T at a certain entropy
             S c, where the fit is optimized. We observe a significant
             change in the scaling of E with S above and below S c.
             Taking the fitted value of S c as an estimate of the
             critical entropy for a superfluid-normal fluid phase
             transition in the strongly interacting Fermi gas, we
             estimate the critical parameters. Our E (S) data are also
             used to experimentally calibrate the endpoint temperatures
             obtained for adiabatic sweeps of the magnetic field between
             the ideal and strongly interacting regimes. This enables the
             first experimental calibration of the temperature scale used
             in experiments on fermionic pair condensation, where the
             ideal Fermi gas temperature is measured before sweeping the
             magnetic field to the strongly interacting regime. Our
             calibration shows that the ideal gas temperature measured
             for the onset of pair condensation corresponds closely to
             the critical temperature T c estimated in the strongly
             interacting regime from the fits to our E(S) data. We also
             calibrate the empirical temperature employed in studies of
             the heat capacity and obtain nearly the same T c. We
             determine the ground state energy by three different
             methods, using sound velocity measurements, by extrapolating
             E (S) to S = 0 and by measuring the ratio of the cloud sizes
             in the strongly and weakly interacting regimes. The results
             are in very good agreement with recent predictions. Finally,
             using universal thermodynamic relations, we estimate the
             chemical potential and heat capacity of the trapped gas from
             the E(S) data. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
             2008.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10909-008-9850-2},
   Key = {fds248494}
}

@article{fds248499,
   Author = {Du, X and Luo, L and Clancy, B and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Observation of anomalous spin segregation in a trapped Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {101},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {150401},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18999574},
   Abstract = {We report the observation of spin segregation, i.e.,
             time-dependent separation of the spin density profiles of
             two spin states, in a trapped, coherently prepared Fermi gas
             of 6Li with a magnetically tunable scattering length a12
             close to zero. For |a12| approximately = 5 bohr, as the
             cloud profiles evolve, the measured difference in the
             densities at the cloud center increases in 200 ms from 0 to
             approximately = 60% of the initial mean density and changes
             sign with a12. The data are in disagreement in both
             amplitude and temporal evolution with a spin-wave theory for
             a Fermi gas. In contrast, for a Bose gas, an analogous
             theory has successfully described previous observations of
             spin segregation. The observed segregated atomic density
             profiles are far from equilibrium, yet they persist for
             approximately = 5 s, long compared to the axial trapping
             period of 6.9 ms. We find the zero crossing in a12=0, where
             spin segregation ceases, at 527.5+/-0.2 G.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.101.150401},
   Key = {fds248499}
}

@article{fds248498,
   Author = {Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Energy measurement and virial theorem for confined universal
             Fermi gases},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {013630},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000258180300186&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Optically trapped two-component Fermi gases near a broad
             Feshbach resonance exhibit universal thermodynamics, where
             the properties of the gas are independent of the details of
             the two-body scattering interactions. We show that the
             measured cloud profiles of both species determine the total
             energy of universal gases for any trapping potential U and
             any spin mixture, without assuming either the local density
             approximation or harmonic confinement. A global proof of the
             virial theorem yields the total energy of the gas at all
             temperatures in the scale-invariant form E= ?U/ , where ? is
             an arbitrary energy scale in terms of which all length and
             energy scales that appear in the confining potential are
             written. This result enables model-independent energy
             measurement in any trap by observing only the cloud
             profiles, and provides a consistency check for many-body
             calculations in the universal regime. © 2008 The American
             Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013630},
   Key = {fds248498}
}

@article{fds248500,
   Author = {Turlapov, A and Kinast, J and Clancy, B and Luo, L and Joseph, J and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Is a gas of strongly interacting atomic fermions a nearly
             perfect fluid?},
   Journal = {Journal of Low Temperature Physics},
   Volume = {150},
   Number = {3-4},
   Pages = {567-576},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0022-2291},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000252469100066&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We use all-optical methods to produce a highly-degenerate
             Fermi gas of spin-1/2 6Li atoms. A magnetic field tunes the
             gas near a collisional (Feshbach) resonance, producing
             strong interactions between spin-up and spin-down atoms. We
             have measured properties of a breathing mode over a wide
             range of temperatures. As the temperature is increased from
             below the superfluid transition to above, the frequency of
             the mode is always close to the hydrodynamic value, while
             the damping rate increases. A complete explanation of both
             the frequency and the damping rate in the normal collisional
             regime has not been achieved. Our measurements of the
             damping rate as a function of the energy of the gas are used
             to estimate an upper bound on the viscosity. Using our new
             measurements of the entropy of the gas, we estimate the
             ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density and
             compare the result with a recent string theory conjecture
             for the minimum viscosity of a perfect quantum fluid. ©
             Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10909-007-9589-1},
   Key = {fds248500}
}

@article{fds248502,
   Author = {Clancy, B and Luo, L and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Observation of nearly perfect irrotational flow in normal
             and superfluid strongly interacting Fermi
             gases.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {99},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {140401},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17930648},
   Abstract = {We study the hydrodynamic expansion of a rotating strongly
             interacting Fermi gas by releasing a cigar-shaped cloud with
             a known angular momentum from an optical trap. As the aspect
             ratio of the expanding cloud approaches unity, the angular
             velocity increases, indicating quenching of the moment of
             inertia I to as low as 0.05 of the rigid body value I(rig).
             Remarkably, we observe this behavior in both the superfluid
             and collisional normal fluid regimes, which obey nearly
             identical zero-viscosity irrotational hydrodynamics. We
             attribute irrotational flow in the normal fluid to a decay
             of the rotational part of the stream velocity during
             expansion, which occurs when the shear viscosity is
             negligible. Using conservation of angular momentum, we
             directly observe a fundamental result of irrotational
             hydrodynamics, I/I(rig) = delta2, where delta is the
             deformation parameter of the cloud.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.99.140401},
   Key = {fds248502}
}

@article{fds248503,
   Author = {Joseph, J and Clancy, B and Luo, L and Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Measurement of sound velocity in a fermi gas near a feshbach
             resonance},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {98},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {170401},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000246803900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Sound waves are excited in an optically trapped degenerate
             Fermi gas of spin-up and spin-down atoms with magnetically
             tunable interactions. Measurements are made throughout the
             crossover region, from a weakly interacting Fermi gas
             through the resonant Fermi superfluid regime to a Bose
             condensate of dimer molecules. The measured sound velocities
             test theories of hydrodynamic wave propagation and
             predictions of the equation of state. At resonance, the
             sound velocity exhibits universal scaling with the Fermi
             velocity, to within 1.8% over a factor of 30 in density. ©
             2007 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.170401},
   Key = {fds248503}
}

@article{fds248504,
   Author = {Luo, L and Clancy, B and Joseph, J and Kinast, J and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Measurement of the entropy and critical temperature of a
             strongly interacting Fermi gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {98},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {080402},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17359072},
   Abstract = {We report a model-independent measurement of the entropy,
             energy, and critical temperature of a degenerate, strongly
             interacting Fermi gas of atoms. The total energy is
             determined from the mean square cloud size in the strongly
             interacting regime, where the gas exhibits universal
             behavior. The entropy is measured by sweeping a bias
             magnetic field to adiabatically tune the gas from the
             strongly interacting regime to a weakly interacting regime,
             where the entropy is known from the cloud size after the
             sweep. The dependence of the entropy on the total energy
             quantitatively tests predictions of the finite-temperature
             thermodynamics.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.98.080402},
   Key = {fds248504}
}

@article{fds248506,
   Author = {Luo, L and Clancy, B and Joseph, J and Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Evaporative cooling of unitary Fermi gas mixtures in optical
             traps},
   Journal = {New Journal of Physics},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {213-213},
   Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {1367-2630},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000240807500003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We measure the scaling laws for the number of atoms and the
             cloud size as a function of trap depth for evaporative
             cooling of a unitary Fermi gas in an optical trap. A unitary
             Fermi gas comprises a trapped mixture of atoms in two
             hyperfine states which is tuned to a collisional (Feshbach)
             resonance using a bias magnetic field. Near resonance, the
             zero energy s-wave scattering length diverges, and the
             s-wave scattering cross-section is limited by unitarity to
             be 4π/k2, where k is the relative wavevector of the
             colliding particles. In this case, the collision
             cross-section for evaporation scales inversely with the trap
             depth, enabling runaway evaporation under certain
             conditions. We demonstrate high evaporation efficiency,
             which is achieved by maintaining a high ratio ηof trap
             depth to thermal energy as the trap depth is lowered. We
             derive and demonstrate a trap lowering curve which maintains
             η constant for a unitary gas. This evaporation curve yields
             a quantum degenerate sample from a classical gas in a
             fraction of a second, with only a factor of three loss in
             atom number. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche
             Physikalische Gesellschaft.},
   Doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/8/9/213},
   Key = {fds248506}
}

@article{fds248505,
   Author = {Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Ultracold Fermi gas on a chip},
   Journal = {Nature Physics},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {377-378},
   Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {1745-2473},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000238529600017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.1038/nphys326},
   Key = {fds248505}
}

@article{fds52329,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and J. Joseph and B. Clancy and L. Luo and J. Kinast and A. Turlapov},
   Title = {Optical trapping and fundamental studies of atomic Fermi
             gases},
   Volume = {6326},
   Pages = {632602},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the SPIE},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds52329}
}

@article{fds52299,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and J. Kinast and A. Turlapov},
   Title = {Universal thermodynamics of a strongly interacting Fermi
             gas},
   Volume = {850},
   Pages = {69-76},
   Booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
   Publisher = {AIP},
   Editor = {Y. Takano and S. P. Hershfield and S. O. Hill and P. J. Hirshfeld and A. M. Goldman},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds52299}
}

@article{fds248501,
   Author = {Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Optically-trapped Fermi gases},
   Journal = {Habitation},
   Volume = {10},
   Pages = {242},
   Year = {2006},
   Key = {fds248501}
}

@article{fds248508,
   Author = {Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Optically trapped Fermi gases model strong interactions in
             nature},
   Journal = {Optics and Photonics News},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {12 SPEC. ISS.},
   Pages = {21},
   Publisher = {The Optical Society},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OPN.16.12.000021},
   Abstract = {Strongly interacting Fermi gases are produced in an optical
             trap, by using a magnetic field to tune them to a
             collisional resonance. In this regime, the gas exhibits
             remarkable properties, such as highly anisotropic expansion,
             universal thermodynamics, and high-temperature
             superfluidity. An amazing similarity between the elliptic
             flow observed in experiments at RHIC and the anisotropic
             expansion of an ultracold, strongly interacting Fermi gas of
             6Li atoms at temperatures 20 orders of magnitude colder was
             also noticed. These fermi gases permit studies of
             hydrodynamic flow over a wide range of temperatures,
             including both superfluid and strongly collisional
             regimes.},
   Doi = {10.1364/OPN.16.12.000021},
   Key = {fds248508}
}

@article{fds248507,
   Author = {Lu, ZH and Thomas, JE and Bali, S},
   Title = {Observation of phase-sensitive temporal correlations in the
             resonance fluorescence from two-level atoms.},
   Journal = {Optics letters},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {18},
   Pages = {2478-2480},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0146-9592},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16196358},
   Abstract = {We have made what we believe is the first observation of
             phase-dependent temporal correlations in the fluorescent
             field emitted by coherently driven two-level atoms in free
             space. We measured the temporal fluctuations of the
             fluorescent field when the resonant driving field was in
             phase and out of phase with the local-oscillator
             field.},
   Doi = {10.1364/ol.30.002478},
   Key = {fds248507}
}

@article{fds248509,
   Author = {Reil, F and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Observation of phase conjugation of light arising from
             enhanced backscattering in a random medium.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {95},
   Number = {14},
   Pages = {143903},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16241655},
   Abstract = {We measure the fundamental phase conjugation of a light
             field arising from enhanced backscattering in a multiple
             scattering medium. The measurements employ a two-window,
             time-resolved heterodyne method to suppress specularly
             reflected light and to determine the transverse Wigner
             function of the field, yielding joint amplitude and phase
             information. Using this method, a light field backscattered
             from an aqueous suspension of polystyrene spheres is found
             to reverse curvature relative to that of the incident
             field.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.95.143903},
   Key = {fds248509}
}

@article{fds248512,
   Author = {Thomas, JE and Kinast, J and Turlapov, A},
   Title = {Virial theorem and universality in a unitary fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {95},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {120402},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16197054},
   Abstract = {Unitary Fermi gases, where the scattering length is large
             compared to the interparticle spacing, can have universal
             properties, which are independent of the details of the
             interparticle interactions when the range of the scattering
             potential is negligible. We prepare an optically trapped,
             unitary Fermi gas of 6Li, tuned just above the center of a
             broad Feshbach resonance. In agreement with the universal
             hypothesis, we observe that this strongly interacting
             many-body system obeys the virial theorem for an ideal gas
             over a wide range of temperatures. Based on this result, we
             suggest a simple volume thermometry method for unitary
             gases. We also show that the observed breathing mode
             frequency, which is close to the unitary hydrodynamic value
             over a wide range of temperature, is consistent with a
             universal hydrodynamic gas with nearly isentropic
             dynamics.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.95.120402},
   Key = {fds248512}
}

@article{fds248511,
   Author = {Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Damping of a unitary Fermi gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {94},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {170404},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15904273},
   Abstract = {We measure the temperature dependence of the radial
             breathing mode in an optically trapped, unitary Fermi gas of
             6Li, just above the center of a broad Feshbach resonance.
             The damping rate reveals a clear change in behavior which we
             interpret as arising from a superfluid transition. We
             suggest pair breaking as a mechanism for an increase in the
             damping rate which occurs at temperatures well above the
             transition. In contrast to the damping, the frequency varies
             smoothly and remains close to the unitary hydrodynamic
             value. At low temperature T, the damping depends on the atom
             number only through the reduced temperature, and
             extrapolates to 0 at T = 0.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.94.170404},
   Key = {fds248511}
}

@article{fds248510,
   Author = {Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Thomas, JE and Chen, Q and Stajic, J and Levin, K},
   Title = {Heat capacity of a strongly interacting Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {307},
   Number = {5713},
   Pages = {1296-1299},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681340},
   Abstract = {We have measured the heat capacity of an optically trapped,
             strongly interacting Fermi gas of atoms. A precise addition
             of energy to the gas is followed by single-parameter
             thermometry, which determines the empirical temperature
             parameter of the gas cloud. Our measurements reveal a clear
             transition in the heat capacity. The energy and the spatial
             profile of the gas are computed using a theory of the
             crossover from Fermi to Bose superfluids at finite
             temperatures. The theory calibrates the empirical
             temperature parameter, yields excellent agreement with the
             data, and predicts the onset of superfluidity at the
             observed transition point.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.1109220},
   Key = {fds248510}
}

@article{fds248515,
   Author = {Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Breakdown of hydrodynamics in the radial breathing mode of a
             strongly interacting Fermi gas},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {5 A},
   Pages = {051401(R)},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000225479000008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {The magnetic-field dependence of the frequency and damping
             time for the radial breathing mode of an optically trapped
             Fermi gas of 6Li atoms near a Feshbach resonance was
             investigated. For fields near 1080 G, a breakdown of
             hydrodynamic behavior was observed, which was manifested by
             a sharp increase in frequency and damping rate. It was
             observed that when the Feshbach molecular state in the
             singlet potential has a higher energy than the two-particle
             Fermi energy, the system becomes BCS-like. The results show
             that at higher fields near 925 G, the frequency decreased,
             and an abrupt frequency increased at a field of 1080 G,
             accompanied by rapid damping.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.70.051401},
   Key = {fds248515}
}

@article{fds248516,
   Author = {Kinast, J and Hemmer, SL and Gehm, ME and Turlapov, A and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Evidence for superfluidity in a resonantly interacting Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {150402},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15169270},
   Abstract = {We observe collective oscillations of a trapped, degenerate
             Fermi gas of 6Li atoms at a magnetic field just above a
             Feshbach resonance, where the two-body physics does not
             support a bound state. The gas exhibits a radial breathing
             mode at a frequency of 2837(05) Hz, in excellent agreement
             with the frequency of nu(H) identical with
             sqrt[10nu(x)nu(y)/3]=2830(20) Hz predicted for a
             hydrodynamic Fermi gas with unitarity-limited interactions.
             The measured damping times and frequencies are inconsistent
             with predictions for both the collisionless mean field
             regime and for collisional hydrodynamics. These observations
             provide the first evidence for superfluid hydrodynamics in a
             resonantly interacting Fermi gas.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.92.150402},
   Key = {fds248516}
}

@article{fds248514,
   Author = {Lee, KF and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Entanglement with classical fields},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {69},
   Number = {5 A},
   Pages = {052311},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000221813700049&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {A simple classical-field optical heterodyne method which
             employs postselection to reproduce the polarization
             correlations of four-particle entangled state was
             experimentally analyzed. A heuristic argument relating this
             method to the measurement of multiple quantum fields by
             correlated homodyne detection was given. The polarization
             correlations of the 32 elements in the truth table from the
             quantum mechanical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger experiments
             on the violation of local realism were reproduced. A form of
             classical entanglement swapping in a four-particle basis was
             also demonstrated.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.69.052311},
   Key = {fds248514}
}

@article{fds248513,
   Author = {Thomas, J and Gehm, M},
   Title = {Optically Trapped Fermi Gases},
   Journal = {American Scientist},
   Volume = {92},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {238-238},
   Publisher = {Sigma Xi},
   Year = {2004},
   ISSN = {0003-0996},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000220792000020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Doi = {10.1511/2004.47.930},
   Key = {fds248513}
}

@article{fds303754,
   Author = {Gehm, ME and Hemmer, SL and O’Hara, KM and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Unitarity-limited elastic collision rate in a harmonically
             trapped Fermi gas},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {68},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {4},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0304633v1},
   Abstract = {We derive the elastic collision rate for a harmonically
             trapped Fermi gas in the extreme unitarity limit where the
             s-wave scattering cross section is [Formula Presented] with
             [Formula Presented] the relative momentum. The collision
             rate is given in the form [Formula Presented]—the product
             of a universal collision rate [Formula Presented] and a
             dimensionless function of the ratio of the temperature T to
             the Fermi temperature [Formula Presented] We find that I has
             a peak value of [Formula Presented] at [Formula Presented]
             [Formula Presented] for [Formula Presented] and [Formula
             Presented] for [Formula Presented] We estimate the collision
             rate for recent experiments on a strongly-interacting
             degenerate Fermi gas of atoms. © 2003 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.68.011603},
   Key = {fds303754}
}

@article{fds303755,
   Author = {Gehm, ME and Hemmer, SL and Granade, SR and O’Hara, KM and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Mechanical stability of a strongly interacting Fermi gas of
             atoms},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {68},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {4},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0212499v2},
   Abstract = {A strongly attractive, two-component Fermi gas of atoms
             exhibits universal behavior and should be mechanically
             stable as a consequence of the quantum-mechanical
             requirement of unitarity. This requirement limits the
             maximum attractive force to a value smaller than that of the
             outward Fermi pressure. To experimentally demonstrate this
             stability, we use all-optical methods to produce a highly
             degenerate, two-component gas of [Formula Presented] atoms
             in an applied magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance,
             where strong interactions are observed. We find that gas is
             stable at densities far exceeding that predicted previously
             for the onset of mechanical instability. Further, we provide
             a temperature-corrected measurement of an important,
             universal, many-body parameter, which determines the
             stability—the mean-field contribution to the chemical
             potential in units of the local Fermi energy. © 2003 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.68.011401},
   Key = {fds303755}
}

@article{fds248517,
   Author = {Thomas, JE and Hemmer, SL and Kinast, J and Turlapov, A and Gehm, ME and O'Hara, KM},
   Title = {Dynamics of a highly-degenerate, strongly-interacting Fermi
             gas of atoms},
   Journal = {Journal of Low Temperature Physics},
   Volume = {104},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {655-664},
   Publisher = {World Scientific},
   Year = {2003},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000229968900021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We use all-optical methods to produce a highly-degenerate,
             Fermi gas of 6 Li atoms near a Feshbach resonance, where
             strong interactions are predicted. In this regime, the
             zero-energy scattering length is larger than the
             interparticle spacing, and both the mean field energy and
             the collision rate take on universal forms as a consequence
             of unitarity and many-body interactions. Our experiments
             study universal hydrodynamic expansion of the gas and
             universal mean field interactions. By measuring the cloud
             radii of the trapped gas, we determine a universal parameter
             for strongly interacting two-component Fermi systems, the
             ratio of the mean field energy to the kinetic energy. ©
             2004 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
   Doi = {10.1023/b:jolt.0000012624.69815.77},
   Key = {fds248517}
}

@article{fds248538,
   Author = {O'Hara, KM and Hemmer, SL and Gehm, ME and Granade, SR and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Observation of a strongly interacting degenerate Fermi gas
             of atoms.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {298},
   Number = {5601},
   Pages = {2179-2182},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424386},
   Abstract = {We report on the observation of a highly degenerate,
             strongly interacting Fermi gas of atoms. Fermionic lithium-6
             atoms in an optical trap are evaporatively cooled to
             degeneracy using a magnetic field to induce strong, resonant
             interactions. Upon abruptly releasing the cloud from the
             trap, the gas is observed to expand rapidly in the
             transverse direction while remaining nearly stationary in
             the axial direction. We interpret the expansion dynamics in
             terms of collisionless superfluid and collisional
             hydrodynamics. For the data taken at the longest evaporation
             times, we find that collisional hydrodynamics does not
             provide a satisfactory explanation, whereas superfluidity is
             plausible.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.1079107},
   Key = {fds248538}
}

@article{fds248537,
   Author = {Lee, KF and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Experimental simulation of two-particle quantum entanglement
             using classical fields.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {88},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {097902},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11864055},
   Abstract = {We experimentally demonstrate simulation of two entangled
             quantum bits using classical fields of two frequencies and
             two polarizations. Multiplication of optical heterodyne beat
             signals from two spatially separated regions simulates
             coincidence detection of two particles. The product signal
             so obtained contains several frequency components, one of
             which can be selected by bandpass frequency filtering. The
             bandpassed signal contains two indistinguishable,
             interfering contributions, permitting simulation of four
             polarization-entangled Bell-like states. These classical
             field methods may be useful in small scale simulations of
             quantum logic operations that require multiparticle
             entanglement without collapse.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.88.097902},
   Key = {fds248537}
}

@article{fds248539,
   Author = {Granade, SR and Gehm, ME and O'Hara, KM and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {All-optical production of a degenerate Fermi
             gas.},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {88},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {120405},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11909435},
   Abstract = {We achieve degeneracy in a mixture of the two lowest
             hyperfine states of 6Li by direct evaporation in a CO2 laser
             trap, yielding the first all optically produced degenerate
             Fermi gas. More than 10(5) atoms are confined at
             temperatures below 4 microK at full trap depth, where the
             Fermi temperature for each state is 8 microK. This
             degenerate two-component mixture is ideal for exploring
             mechanisms of superconductivity ranging from Cooper pairing
             to Bose-Einstein condensation of strongly bound
             pairs.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.88.120405},
   Key = {fds248539}
}

@article{fds303757,
   Author = {O’Hara, KM and Hemmer, SL and Granade, SR and Gehm, ME and Thomas, JE and Venturi, V and Tiesinga, E and Williams, CJ},
   Title = {Measurement of the zero crossing in a Feshbach resonance of
             fermionic [Formula Presented]},
   Journal = {Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
             Physics},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {4},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0207717v1},
   Abstract = {We measure a zero crossing in the scattering length of a
             mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states of [Formula
             Presented] To locate the zero crossing, we monitor the
             decrease in temperature and atom number arising from
             evaporation in a [Formula Presented] laser trap as a
             function of magnetic field B. The temperature decrease and
             atom loss are minimized for [Formula Presented] consistent
             with no evaporation. We also present preliminary
             calculations using potentials that have been constrained by
             the measured zero crossing and locate a broad Feshbach
             resonance at [Formula Presented] in agreement with previous
             theoretical predictions. In addition, our theoretical model
             predicts a second and much narrower Feshbach resonance near
             55 mT. 5555 2002 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.66.041401},
   Key = {fds303757}
}

@article{fds4968,
   Author = {F. Reil and J. E. Thomas},
   Title = {Time-resolved, two-window measurement of Wigner functions
             for coherent backscatter from a turbid medium},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE},
   Volume = {4705},
   Pages = {22-29},
   Booktitle = {Saratov Fall Meeting 2001: Coherent Optics of Ordered and
             Random Media II},
   Editor = {Dmitry A. Zimnyakov},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds4968}
}

@article{fds4969,
   Author = {S. R. Granade and M. E. Gehm and K. M. O’Hara and J.E.
             Thomas},
   Title = {Preparation of a degenerate, two-component Fermi gas by
             evaporation in a single beam optical trap},
   Volume = {74},
   Series = {Postconference Edition},
   Pages = {169-170},
   Booktitle = {OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS) Quantum
             Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS 2002), OSA
             Technical Digest},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds4969}
}

@article{fds4971,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and S. R. Granade and M. E. Gehm and M.-S. Chang and K.
             M. O’Hara},
   Title = {Optical trapping of a two-component Fermi
             gas},
   Pages = {46-54},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the XV International Conference on Laser
             Spectroscopy},
   Publisher = {World Scientific, New Jersey},
   Editor = {S. Chu and V. Vuletic and A. J. Kerman and C.
             Chin},
   Year = {2002},
   Key = {fds4971}
}

@article{fds4963,
   Author = {K. M. O’Hara and S. R. Granade and M. E. Gehm and M.-S. Chang and J. E. Thomas},
   Title = {Modeling the evaporative cooling of fermionic atoms in an
             optical trap},
   Journal = {OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS)},
   Volume = {57},
   Series = {Postconference Edition},
   Pages = {253},
   Booktitle = {Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS
             2001), Technical Digest},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America, Washington, DC,},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds4963}
}

@article{fds4964,
   Author = {M. E. Gehm and S. R. Granade and M.-S. Chang and K. M. O’Hara and J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Optically trapped Fermi gas},
   Volume = {57},
   Series = {Postconference Edition},
   Pages = {253-254},
   Booktitle = {OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Quantum Electronics and
             Laser Science Conference},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America, Washington, DC},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds4964}
}

@article{fds4965,
   Author = {K. F. Lee and F. Reil and J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Classical-wave analogs of quantum measurement},
   Volume = {57},
   Series = {Postconference Edition},
   Pages = {62-63},
   Booktitle = {OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS) Quantum
             Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS 2001),
             Technical Digest},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds4965}
}

@article{fds4966,
   Author = {F. Reil and K. F. Lee and J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Two-window heterodyne methods for measurement of optical
             coherence in multiple scattering media},
   Volume = {57},
   Series = {Postconference edition},
   Pages = {145-146},
   Booktitle = {OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS) Quantum
             Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS 2001),
             Technical Digest},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America, Washington, DC},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds4966}
}

@article{fds248518,
   Author = {O’Hara, KM and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Standing room only at the quantum scale},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {291},
   Number = {5513},
   Pages = {2556},
   Year = {2001},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1060025},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.1060025},
   Key = {fds248518}
}

@article{fds248519,
   Author = {O’Hara, KM and Gehm, ME and Granade, SR and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Scaling laws for evaporative cooling in time-dependent
             optical traps},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {051403(R)},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {2001},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000172074200006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We derive scaling laws for the number of atoms, collision
             rate, and phase-space density as a function of trap depth
             for evaporative cooling in an adiabadically lowered optical
             trap. The results are in excellent agreement with a
             Boltzmann equation model and show that very large increases
             in phase-space density can be obtained without excessive
             slowing of the evaporation rate. Predictions are in
             reasonable agreement with a recent experiment that achieves
             Bose-Einstein condensation by evaporation in an optical
             trap. We also discuss evaporation of fermionic mixtures and
             explain why Pauli blocking does not strongly inhibit
             cooling. © 2001 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.64.051403},
   Key = {fds248519}
}

@article{fds248520,
   Author = {O’Hara, KM and Granade, SR and Gehm, ME and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Loading Dynamics of CO2 Laser Traps},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
   Volume = {63},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {043403},
   Year = {2001},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168095300076&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We present a simple Fokker-Planck model for the evolution of
             the number of atoms and the spatial distribution in a CO2
             laser trap which is loaded from a magneto-optical trap
             (MOT). Deep CO2 laser traps can achieve very high densities,
             but reach equilibrium slowly compared to shallow traps.
             Equilibrium times range from milliseconds for shallow traps
             to seconds in traps which are deep compared to the thermal
             energy. A universal function for the maximum number of
             trapped atoms is given, assuming that the optical dipole
             trap reaches thermal equilibrium with the MOT. ©2001 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.63.043403},
   Key = {fds248520}
}

@article{fds248521,
   Author = {O'Hara, KM and Gehm, ME and Granade, SR and Bali, S and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Stable, strongly attractive, two-state mixture of lithium
             fermions in an optical trap},
   Journal = {Physical review letters},
   Volume = {85},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {2092-2095},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10970470},
   Abstract = {We use an all-optical trap to confine a strongly attractive
             two-state mixture of lithium fermions. By measuring the rate
             of evaporation from the trap, we determine the effective
             elastic scattering cross section 4pia(2) to show that the
             magnitude of the scattering length |a| is very large, in
             agreement with predictions. We show that the mixture is
             stable against inelastic decay provided that a small bias
             magnetic field is applied. For this system, the s-wave
             interaction is widely tunable at low magnetic field, and can
             be turned on and off rapidly via a Raman pi pulse. Hence,
             this mixture is well suited for fundamental studies of an
             interacting Fermi gas.},
   Doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.85.2092},
   Key = {fds248521}
}

@article{fds4954,
   Author = {A. Wax and F. Reil and K. F. Lee and S. Bali and J. E.
             Thomas},
   Title = {Time-resolved optical phase space distributions for coherent
             backscatter},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE},
   Volume = {4001},
   Pages = {130-134},
   Booktitle = {Saratov Fall Meeting ‘99: Optical Technologies in
             Biophysics and Medicine},
   Editor = {Valery V. Tuchin and Dmitry A Zimnyakov and Alexander B.
             Pravdin},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds4954}
}

@article{fds4959,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and F. Reil and K. F. Lee and A. Wax and S.
             Bali},
   Title = {Wigner Phase Space Distributions and Coherence
             Tomography},
   Journal = {to appear in Proc. SPIE},
   Volume = {3914},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds4959}
}

@article{fds4960,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and F. Reil and K. F Lee and A. Wax and S.
             Bali},
   Title = {Wigner Phase Space Distributions and Coherence
             Tomography},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE},
   Volume = {3927},
   Pages = {147-155},
   Booktitle = {Optical Pulse and Beam Propagation II},
   Editor = {Yehuda B Band},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds4960}
}

@article{fds248522,
   Author = {Wax, A and Bali, S and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Path-length-resolved optical phase space distributions for
             enhanced backscatter},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
   Volume = {85},
   Pages = {66},
   Year = {2000},
   Key = {fds248522}
}

@article{fds248524,
   Author = {Lee, KF and Reil, F and Bali, S and Wax, A and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Heterodyne measurement of Wigner distributions for classical
             optical fields.},
   Journal = {Optics letters},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {19},
   Pages = {1370-1372},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0146-9592},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.24.001370},
   Abstract = {We demonstrate a two-window heterodyne method for measuring
             the x-p cross correlation, ??(*)(x)? (p)?, of an optical
             field ? for transverse position x and transverse momentum p.
             This scheme permits independent control of the x and p
             resolution. A simple linear transform of the x-p correlation
             function yields the Wigner phase-space distribution. This
             technique is useful for both coherent and low-coherence
             light sources and may permit new biological imaging
             techniques based on transverse coherence measurement with
             time gating. We point out an interesting analogy between x-p
             correlation measurements for classical-wave and quantum
             fields.},
   Doi = {10.1364/ol.24.001370},
   Key = {fds248524}
}

@article{fds248526,
   Author = {Wax, A and Bali, S and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Optical phase-space distributions for low-coherence
             light.},
   Journal = {Optics letters},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {1188-1190},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0146-9592},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.24.001188},
   Abstract = {Using a novel heterodyne technique, we measure optical
             phase-space distributions in momentum and position for
             low-coherence light. Quantitative information is obtained
             simultaneously about the longitudinal and the transverse
             coherence properties as well as the wave-front curvature of
             the light field. This method can be used to monitor these
             optical parameters directly for signal fields scattered from
             samples of interest, for tomographic imaging.},
   Doi = {10.1364/ol.24.001188},
   Key = {fds248526}
}

@article{fds4946,
   Author = {A. Wax and J. E. Thomas},
   Title = {Measurement of Smoothed Wigner Phase Space Distributions for
             Low-Coherence Light in Multiple Scattering
             Media},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE},
   Volume = {3598},
   Pages = {2},
   Booktitle = {Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and
             Clinical Applications III},
   Editor = {Valery V. Tuchin and Joseph A. Izatt},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds4946}
}

@article{fds303756,
   Author = {O’hara, KM and Granade, SR and Gehm, ME and Savard, TA and Bali, S and Freed, C and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Ultrastable CO2laser trapping of lithium
             fermions},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {21},
   Pages = {4204-4207},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0003049v1},
   Abstract = {We demonstrate an ultrastable CO2laser trap that provides
             tight confinement of neutral atoms with negligible optical
             scattering and minimal laser-noise-induced heating. Using
             this method, fermionic6Li atoms are stored in a 0.4 mK deep
             well with a 1/e trap lifetime of 300 sec, consistent with a
             background pressure of 10-11Torr. To our knowledge, this is
             the longest storage time ever achieved with an all-optical
             trap, comparable to the best reported magnetic traps. ©
             1999 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4204},
   Key = {fds303756}
}

@article{fds4947,
   Author = {A. Wax and J. E. Thomas},
   Title = {Optical Phase Space Distributions for Low Coherence Light in
             Turbid Media},
   Series = {OSA Technical Digest Series},
   Booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds4947}
}

@article{fds248523,
   Author = {Wax, A and Bali, S and Alphonse, GA and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Characterizing the coherence of broadband sources using
             optical phase space contours},
   Journal = {J. Biomed. Opt.},
   Volume = {4},
   Pages = {1-8},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds248523}
}

@article{fds248525,
   Author = {Savard, TA and Granade, SR and O’Hara, KM and Gehm, ME and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Raman-induced magnetic resonance imaging of atoms in a
             magneto-optical trap},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {4788},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000084148000074&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We apply Raman-induced resonance imaging techniques to
             determine, with a spatial resolution of 12 [Formula
             Presented] the size of a cloud of atoms in a magneto-optical
             trap and the location of the centroid with respect to the
             magnetic-field zero point. These experiments provide a
             starting point for developing much higher-resolution
             resonance imaging methods for cold trapped atoms. © 1999
             The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.60.4788},
   Key = {fds248525}
}

@article{fds248527,
   Author = {Bali, S and O’Hara, KM and Gehm, ME and Granade, SR and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Quantum-di ractive background gas collisions in atom-trap
             heating and loss},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {R29},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1999},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000081247000008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We derive a simple formula for the heating rate that arises
             from quantum-diffractive background gas collisions in atom
             traps. This result appears to explain the residual heating
             rates reported for recent experiments with a Cs
             vapor-loaded, far-detuned optical trap at [Formula
             Presented] Torr [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5768 (1998)].
             Diffractive collisions may determine the minimum heating
             rates achievable in shallow all-optical or magnetic atom
             traps operating at low temperature and high density. © 1999
             The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R29},
   Key = {fds248527}
}

@article{fds248529,
   Author = {Gehm, ME and O’Hara, KM and Savard, TA and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Noise induced Population Loss in Atom Traps},
   Journal = {Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.},
   Volume = {44},
   Pages = {1153},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds248529}
}

@article{fds248530,
   Author = {Lu, ZH and Bali, S and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Observation of Phase-dependent Temporal Correlations in
             Resonance Fluorescence},
   Journal = {Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.},
   Volume = {44},
   Pages = {413},
   Year = {1999},
   Key = {fds248530}
}

@article{fds248531,
   Author = {Lu, ZH and Bali, S and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Observation of squeezing in the phase-dependent fluorescence
             spectra of two-level atoms},
   Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
   Volume = {81},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {3635-3638},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0031-9007},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000076616000021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We observe squeezing in the phase-dependent fluorescence
             spectra of two-level atoms that are coherently driven by a
             near-resonant laser field in free space. In contrast to
             previous predictions that emphasized the in- and
             out-of-phase quadratures, we find that maximum squeezing
             occurs for homodyne detection at a phase near ±45°
             relative to the exciting field. A new physical picture of
             phase-dependent noise is developed that incorporates quantum
             collapses into a Bloch vector model and yields a very simple
             form for the complete squeezing spectrum. © 1998 The
             American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3635},
   Key = {fds248531}
}

@article{fds4945,
   Author = {A. Wax and J. E. Thomas},
   Title = {Measurement of Smoothed Wigner Phase Space Distributions for
             Coherence Tomography},
   Journal = {Proc. SPIE},
   Volume = {3726},
   Pages = {494},
   Booktitle = {International Workshop and Autumn School for Young
             Scientists and Students, Light Scattering Technologies for
             Mechanics, Biomedical and Material Science},
   Publisher = {Saratov, Russia,},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {October},
   Key = {fds4945}
}

@article{fds4941,
   Author = {Z. H. Lu and S. Bali and J. E. Thomas},
   Title = {Observation of Squeezing in Free Space Resonance
             Fluorescence},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings, QCM’98},
   Publisher = {Northeastern Univ., Evanston, IL},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {August},
   Key = {fds4941}
}

@article{fds248535,
   Author = {Wax, A and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Measurement of smoothed Wigner phase-space distributions for
             small-angle scattering in a turbid medium.},
   Journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image
             science, and vision},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1896-1908},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {1084-7529},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9656479},
   Abstract = {We study Wigner phase-space distributions W (x, p) in
             position (x) and momentum (p) for light undergoing multiple
             small-angle scattering in a turbid medium. Smoothed Wigner
             phase-space distributions are measured by using a heterodyne
             technique that achieves position and momentum resolution
             determined by the width and the diffraction angle of the
             local oscillator beam. The sample consists of
             5.7-micron-radius polystyrene spheres suspended in a
             water-glycerol mixture. The momentum distribution of the
             transmitted light is found to contain a ballistic peak, a
             narrow diffractive pedestal, and a broad background. The
             narrow diffractive pedestal is found to decay more slowly
             than the ballistic peak as the concentration of scatterers
             is increased. The data are in excellent agreement with a
             simple theoretical model that explains the behavior of the
             narrow pedestal by including multiple diffractive scattering
             and treating large-angle scattering as a
             loss.},
   Doi = {10.1364/josaa.15.001896},
   Key = {fds248535}
}

@article{fds4943,
   Author = {A. Wax and J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Measurement of Smoothed Wigner Phase Space Distributions in
             Multiple Scattering Media},
   Volume = {21},
   Pages = {348-352},
   Booktitle = {OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, Advances in Optical
             Imaging and Photon Migration},
   Publisher = {Optical Society of America, Washington, DC},
   Editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Michael S. Patterson},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds4943}
}

@article{fds248532,
   Author = {Savard, TA and O’Hara, KM and Granade, SR and Gehm, ME and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Raman Induced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atoms in a
             MOT},
   Journal = {Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.},
   Volume = {43},
   Pages = {1292},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds248532}
}

@article{fds248533,
   Author = {Lu, ZH and Bali, S and Thomas, JE},
   Title = {Observation of Squeezing in Free Space Phase-Dependent
             Resonance Fluorescence},
   Journal = {Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.},
   Volume = {43},
   Pages = {1288},
   Year = {1998},
   Key = {fds248533}
}

@article{fds248534,
   Author = {Gehm, ME and O’Hara, KM and Savard, TA and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Dynamics of Noise-Induced Heating in Atom
             Traps},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
   Volume = {58},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {3914-3921},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1998},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000076961300069&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {A Fokker-Planck equation is derived for the energy
             distribution of atoms in a three-dimensional harmonic trap
             with fluctuations in the spring constant and the equilibrium
             position. Using this model, we predict trap lifetimes based
             on the measurable noise spectra of the fluctuations. The
             energy distributions evolve into a single eigenmode where
             the apparent temperature of the distribution remains
             constant while the population decays as a consequence of the
             energy input. The method of analysis and the corresponding
             results are applicable to any optical, magnetic, or ion trap
             that is approximately harmonic, and offer useful insights
             into both noise-induced and optical heating processes. ©
             1998 The American Physical Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.58.3914},
   Key = {fds248534}
}

@article{fds248536,
   Author = {Zhao, HZ and Lu, ZH and Bacon, AM and Wang, LJ and Thomas,
             JE},
   Title = {Precision Measurement of Phase-Dependent Resonance
             Fluorescence Spectra},
   Journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
   Volume = {57},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {1427-1447},
   Publisher = {American Physical Society (APS)},
   Year = {1998},
   ISSN = {1050-2947},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000071913800096&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {We measure phase-dependent fluorescence spectra for an
             elementary system: long-lived coherently driven two-level
             atoms in an atomic beam. Phase-dependent fluorescence
             spectra measure quadrature noise in the atomic radiation
             field. These noise spectra are obtained using a homodyne
             detection scheme that suppresses excess noise by subtracting
             signals from two identically prepared atomic samples. Noise
             spectra are obtained for atomic radiation which is in phase
             [Formula Presented] and out of phase [Formula Presented]
             with a resonant driving field, as well as [Formula
             Presented] out of phase with an off-resonant driving field.
             The measured phase-dependent fluorescence spectra are much
             richer than ordinary fluorescence spectra, and exhibit many
             novel features. Particularly interesting are phase-dependent
             noise spectra for off-resonant excitation. These strikingly
             exhibit direct manifestations of time ordering, which appear
             as large differences between the measured [Formula
             Presented] and [Formula Presented] quadrature noise spectra.
             The measured noise spectra are in excellent agreement in
             magnitude and shape with the results of a quantum treatment
             using no free parameters. © 1998 The American Physical
             Society.},
   Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.57.1427},
   Key = {fds248536}
}


%% Papers Accepted   
@article{fds43817,
   Author = {J.E. Thomas and J. Kinast and A. Turlapov},
   Title = {Universal thermodynamics of a strongly-interacting Fermi
             gas},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Low
             Temperature Physics},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {August},
   Key = {fds43817}
}

@article{fds43818,
   Author = {J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Thermodynamics and mechanical properties of a
             strongly-interacting Fermi gas},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Laser
             Spectroscopy},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds43818}
}

@article{fds14967,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and S. L. Hemmer and J. M. Kinast and A. V. Turlapov and M.
             E. Gehm and K. M. O'Hara},
   Title = {Dynamics of a highly-Degenerate, strongly-Interacting Fermi
             gas},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on
             Laser},
   Editor = {H. Bacor and P. Hannaford},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds14967}
}

@article{fds14968,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and S. L. Hemmer and J. M. Kinast and A. V. Turlapov and M.
             E. Gehm and K. M. O'Hara},
   Title = {Dynamics of a highly-Degenerate, strongly-Interacting Fermi
             gas},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on
             Laser},
   Editor = {H. Bacor and P. Hannaford},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds14968}
}


%% Papers Submitted   
@article{fds183761,
   Author = {J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Unitary Fermi gases},
   Booktitle = {Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Science: Ultracold
             Bosonic and Fermionic Gases},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {August},
   Key = {fds183761}
}


%% Other   
@misc{fds166073,
   Author = {J.E. Thomas},
   Title = {Experiments with Interacting Fermi gases},
   Journal = {Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.},
   Volume = {54},
   Pages = {109},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {May},
   Key = {fds166073}
}

@misc{fds166074,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and L. Luo and B. Clancy and J. Joseph and Y. Zhang and C.
             Cao, X. Du and J. Petricka},
   Title = {Fermi Gases with Tunable Interactions},
   Pages = {201-212},
   Booktitle = {Proceedings of the XXI International Conference on Atomic
             Physics},
   Publisher = {World Scientific},
   Editor = {R. Cote and P. L. Gould and M. Rozman and W. W.
             Smith},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {April},
   Key = {fds166074}
}

@misc{fds152038,
   Author = {J. E. Thomas and L. Luo and B. Clancy and J. Joseph and Y. Zhang and C.
             Cao, X. Du and J. Petricka},
   Title = {Fermi Gases with Tunable Interactions},
   Booktitle = {Conference proceedings, ICAP 2008},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds152038}
}