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| Publications of David C. Rubin :chronological alphabetical by type listing:
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@article{fds371260,
Author = {Gehrt, TB and Nielsen, NP and Hoyle, RH and Rubin, DC and Berntsen,
D},
Title = {Narrative identity does not predict well-being when
controlling for emotional valence.},
Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)},
Volume = {31},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1051-1061},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2218632},
Abstract = {Narrative identity refers to a person's internalized and
evolving life story. It is a rapidly growing research field,
motivated by studies showing a unique association with
well-being. Here we show that this association disappears
when controlling for the emotional valence of the stories
told and individuals' general experience of autobiographical
memory. Participants (<i>N </i>= 235) wrote their life
story and completed questionnaires on their general
experience of autobiographical memory and several dimensions
of well-being and affect. Participants' life stories were
coded for standard narrative identity variables, including
agency and communion. When controlling for emotional valence
of the life story, the general experience of
autobiographical memory was a significant predictor of most
well-being measures, whereas agency was a predictor of one
variable only and communion of none. These findings
contradict the claim of an incremental association between
narrative identity and well-being, and have important
theoretical and practical implications for narrative
identity as an outcome measure in interventions.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2218632},
Key = {fds371260}
}
@article{fds372264,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Bell, CF},
Title = {Using shame to extend Martin Conway's self-memory
system.},
Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)},
Pages = {1-12},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2241673},
Abstract = {We extend Conway's self-memory system by adding theory and
data from shame, an emotion that disrupts the internalised
ideals of society needed for a positive self-concept. The
event that caused 273 undergraduates their greatest amount
of shame was analyzed; 66% were not very negative except for
producing shame. Ratings of post-event effects, including
two measure of self (self-perceived weakness, and centrality
to identity) and four clinical symptoms (intrusions,
avoidance, anxiety, and depression), were attributed
separately to the remembered event, behaviour during the
event, and shame from the event. The effects of shame were
generally as large as the those of the event and larger than
those of the behaviour, demonstrating the importance of
shame's effects. The Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), which
measures tonic immobility (i.e., freezing), was obtained for
the event that produced the most tonic immobility but that
was not the event that caused the most shame. The post-event
symptoms measured on the event that caused the most shame
and the TIS correlated highly, suggesting that shame and
tonic immobility may belong to a cluster of phylogenetically
conserved submissive defensive mechanisms that could account
for effects currently attributed to goals in self-memory
systems.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2241673},
Key = {fds372264}
}
@article{fds370313,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Bell, CF},
Title = {Tonic immobility (freezing) during sexual and physical
assaults produces stronger memory effects than other
characteristics of the assaults.},
Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {678-688},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2188642},
Abstract = {Tonic immobility (TI) is a phylogenetically conserved,
passive, obligatory defense mechanism commonly engaged
during sexual and physical assaults. During TI, people
become immobile while remaining conscious and later
reexperience intrusive memories of both their assault and of
its accompanying immobility. Here we show that this
well-studied biological process has powerful effects on
memory and other processes. Participants had experienced
either a serious sexual (<i>n</i> = 234) or physical
(<i>n</i> = 137) assault. For both the assault and its
accompanying immobility, the standard measure of the
peritraumatic severity of TI correlated between .40 and .65
with post-assault effects on memory, including memory of the
assault and memory of the immobility, the two memory-based
self-concept measures of self-blame and event centrality,
and post-assault anxiety and depression. The correlations
with TI were much higher than other peritraumatic
characteristics commonly used to predict and describe
posttraumatic effects in assaults and other traumas. The
results suggest that TI should be considered for a broader,
more biologically based and ecologically valid understanding
of the effects of trauma on memory and memory-based
reactions.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2188642},
Key = {fds370313}
}
@article{fds370410,
Author = {Allé, MC and Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D},
Title = {Autobiographical memory and the self on the psychosis
continuum: investigating their relationship with positive-
and negative-like symptoms.},
Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)},
Volume = {31},
Number = {4},
Pages = {518-529},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2173236},
Abstract = {Autobiographical memory is severely impaired in
schizophrenia, but previous work has largely treated both as
unitary concepts. Here, we examined how various dimensions
of autobiographical memory relate to different aspects of
psychosis. Participants were recruited from the general
population (Study 1, N = 264) and a university subject
pool (Study 2, N = 305). We examined different measures
of autobiographical memory and self (i.e., involuntary
memory, autobiographical recollection, self-knowledge and
self-awareness), at the trait level in Study 1 and both
trait and state levels in Study 2, as a function of
positive-and negative-like symptoms of psychosis. Across
both studies, positive and negative dimensions of psychosis
were found to be related to an increase in involuntary
memories (i.e., the spontaneous recall of personal
memories), and to lower self-concept clarity and insight.
Positive and negative dimensions of psychosis correlated
differently with autobiographical recollection
characteristics, measured at both trait (Studies 1 and 2)
and state levels (Study 2). Positive-like symptoms (in
particular hallucination-proneness) showed a stronger and
more consistent pattern of correlations than negative-like
symptoms. These findings call for a dimensional approach to
the relationship between autobiographical memory and
psychosis symptoms in clinical and non-clinical individuals,
to better understand the breakdown of autobiographical
memory in the psychopathology of psychosis.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2173236},
Key = {fds370410}
}
@article{fds371560,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Hoyle, RH and Munkholm Møller and D and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Digital daydreaming: Introducing the spontaneous smartphone
checking scale},
Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {1},
Pages = {147-160},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.4034},
Abstract = {Smartphones are a ubiquitous part of many people's lives,
but little is known about their impact on everyday thought
processes. Here we introduce the spontaneous smartphone
checking scale (SSCS)—which measures the tendency to
direct attention toward one's smartphone, unpreceded by
external prompts (e.g., notifications, or alerts) and with
no specific conscious goal in mind, as a parallel to
mind-wandering directed toward internal thoughts. The SSCS
showed good psychometric properties and construct validity.
It separated from measures of daydreaming and mind-wandering
by not loading on dimensions related to self-consciousness,
reflection, and rumination, but instead loading highly on a
factor associated with other aspects of digital
communication and concerns about public appearance on social
media. This suggests that spontaneous smartphone checking
serves different mental and social functions than internally
generated spontaneous thought processes. We discuss possible
long-term effects of spontaneous smartphone checking taking
up time for internally generated spontaneous
thoughts.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.4034},
Key = {fds371560}
}
@article{fds371743,
Author = {Shan, Y and Yan, S and Jia, Y and Hu, Y and Rubin, DC and Berntsen,
D},
Title = {The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical
Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy
Individuals},
Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10353-0},
Abstract = {Background: Research on depression has largely focused on
negative intrusive memories with little research on general
involuntary memories as they occur in everyday life. In
addition, all studies have been conducted on Western
participants, and there are no studies on general
involuntary memory in Eastern patients with depression.
Methods: Thirty Chinese patients with depression and 30
healthy controls completed a memory diary in which they
recorded a total of 10 involuntary and 10 voluntary
memories. They were requested to fill out corresponding
questionnaires of involuntary and voluntary memories as
well. Results: Both patients with depression and healthy
controls reported involuntary memories that had a more
negative impact, were more specific, and were associated
with more maladaptive emotion regulation when compared to
voluntary memories. For both retrieval modes, patients with
depression reported more negative and fewer positive
memories, more negative and less positive mood impact, more
avoidance, rumination, worry, negative interpretation, and
less positive interpretation in response to the memories.
Patients with depression rated their memories as more
central, less specific, and rehearsed more frequently.
Negative mood impact and maladaptive emotion regulation
associated with involuntary memories were amplified in
depression. Conclusions: These findings support the view
that general involuntary memories could be a potential
target to promote the treatment for depression.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10608-023-10353-0},
Key = {fds371743}
}
@article{fds363909,
Author = {McNally, RJ and Berntsen, D and Brewin, CR and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Are memories of sexual trauma fragmented? A post publication
discussion among Richard J. McNally, Dorthe Berntsen, Chris
R. Brewin and David C. Rubin.},
Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)},
Volume = {30},
Number = {5},
Pages = {658-660},
Year = {2022},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2022.2061135},
Abstract = {Following the publication of his article on whether memories
of trauma in sexual assault victims are fragmented (McNally,
2022), McNally moderated a discussion between Chris R.
Brewin and David C. Rubin/Dorthe Berntsen whose perspectives
on memory fragmentation were cited by McNally. The
discussion clarified their contrasting viewpoints on this
controversy.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2022.2061135},
Key = {fds363909}
}
@article{fds355485,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {A conceptual space for episodic and semantic
memory.},
Journal = {Memory & cognition},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {464-477},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01148-3},
Abstract = {I propose a model that places episodic, semantic, and other
commonly studied forms of memory into the same conceptual
space. The space is defined by three dimensions required for
Tulving's episodic and semantic memory. An implicit-explicit
dimension contrasts both episodic and semantic memory with
common forms of implicit memory. A self-reference dimension
contrasts episodes that occurred to one person with semantic
knowledge. A scene dimension contrasts episodes that
occurred in specific contexts with context-free semantic
information. The three dimensions are evaluated against
existing behavioral and neural evidence to evaluate both the
model and the concepts underlying the study of human memory.
Unlike a hierarchy, which has properties specific to each
category, the dimensions have properties that extend
throughout the conceptual space. Thus, the properties apply
to all forms of existing and yet-to-be-discovered memory
within the space. Empty locations in the proposed space are
filled with existing phenomena that lack a clear place in
current theories of memory, including reports of
episodic-like memories for events reported to but not
witnessed by a person, fictional narrative accounts, déjà
vu, and implicit components contributing to personality, the
self, and autobiographical memory.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13421-021-01148-3},
Key = {fds355485}
}
@article{fds355486,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Properties of autobiographical memories are reliable and
stable individual differences.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {210},
Pages = {104583},
Year = {2021},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104583},
Abstract = {Autobiographical memory research typically focuses on
individual memories with variability in individual
participants' responses serving as error variance.
Integrating individual-difference and experimental
approaches demonstrated that properties of autobiographical
memories are stable individual differences with stable
patterns of correlations. In two sessions approximately one
week apart, different cues were used to prompt seven
autobiographical memories. Each memory was rated on 12
properties including visual imagery, emotional intensity,
narrative coherence, reliving, and past rehearsals. In two
studies with samples from different populations (Ns of 200
and 160), each property had a high reliability in both
sessions (median α = .90), and the mean of each property
averaged over seven memories correlated highly with itself
over sessions (median r = .72). Multiple regressions
predicting three properties from Session 1 with the
remaining nine properties of Session 2 and exploratory
factor analyses yielded solutions consistent with
expectations from studies of individual memories. Moreover,
the correlation matrices of the 12 properties across studies
and sessions were extremely similar. Thus, separate
sessions, cues, samples, and properties provided
generalizable data about individual differences in
autobiographical memory. Practical, theoretical, and
methodological implications include that individual
differences in memory affect: life stories and narrative
structure internal to events, stable clinical syndromes and
symptoms, experimental results previously attributed to the
properties of individual memories, and the confidence people
have in the accuracy of their autobiographical and episodic
memories.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104583},
Key = {fds355486}
}
@article{fds359270,
Author = {Gehrt, TB and Nielsen, NP and Hoyle, RH and Rubin, DC and Berntsen,
D},
Title = {Individual Differences in Autobiographical Memory: The
Autobiographical Recollection Test Predicts Ratings of
Specific Memories Across Cueing Conditions},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Research in Memory and
Cognition},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {85-96},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.07.004},
Abstract = {The Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART; Berntsen et
al., 2019) measures individual differences in
autobiographical memory. We here examined whether the ART
correlates with characteristics of people's specific
autobiographical memories. Participants (Ns ≥ 475)
completed the ART and rated recollective qualities of
autobiographical memories cued by words (Study 1), by
positive and negative emotional valence (Study 2), and by
future and past temporal direction (Study 3). Scores on the
ART consistently correlated with recollective qualities of
specific memories and future thoughts, both immediately and
after a 1-week delay. The magnitude of these correlations
was at the same level as the correlations between individual
memory items, underscoring the ability of the ART, as a
trait measure to predict ratings of individual memories. The
findings support the construct validity of the ART and
demonstrate that people's evaluation of their
autobiographical memory, in general, is reliably related to
how they remember specific events.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.07.004},
Key = {fds359270}
}
@article{fds352998,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Self-Concept Focus: A Tendency to Perceive Autobiographical
Events as Central to Identity},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Research in Memory and
Cognition},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {576-586},
Year = {2020},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.001},
Abstract = {Self-Concept Focus is a 15-item measure of the disposition
to make autobiographical memories central to one's
self-concept and thus to rehearse them more frequently. In
studies with 400 MTurk workers and 299 undergraduates,
Self-Concept Focus had high reliability (α ∼.83), good
test-retest stability (r = .66) that did not decline between
7 and 54 days, good psychometric properties in a bifactor
measurement model, and results that replicated across
studies. A factor analysis of nine measures relevant to
self-concept resulted in two factors. Self-Concept Focus,
Reflection, Reappraisal and Private Self-Consciousness all
loaded on one factor, suggesting an underlying dimension of
elaborative rehearsal of memories and emotion regulation.
Self-Concept Focus also correlated with PTSD symptoms for a
single very negative event and thus with opportunities to
modify such memory-based symptoms. Given its association
with elaborative rehearsal and emotion regulation,
Self-Concept Focus has potential applied relevance in
clinical, forensic and consumer contexts.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.001},
Key = {fds352998}
}
@article{fds348066,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The ability to recall scenes is a stable individual
difference: Evidence from autobiographical
remembering.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {197},
Pages = {104164},
Year = {2020},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104164},
Abstract = {Four behavioral studies (ns ~ 200 to 400) extended neural
studies of ventral stream damage and fMRI activation and
behavioral studies of scene recall conducted on individual
memories to individual differences in normal populations.
Ratings of scene and contents were made on one set of
autobiographical memories. Ratings of reliving, vividness,
belief, emotional intensity, and temporal specificity were
made on different memories. Thus, correlations between these
ratings were due to variability in the participants, not the
events remembered. Scene correlated more highly than
contents with reliving, vividness, belief, and emotional
intensity but not temporal specificity. Scene correlated
more highly than other visual imagery tests with reliving,
vividness, and belief. Scene correlated with individual
differences tests of episodic memories and future events
more highly than it did with tests of semantic memory and
spatial navigation abilities. Moreover, scene had high
test-retest correlations measured at periods of up to one
month. The ability to recall scenes is a stable disposition,
with both convergent and divergent validity, which predicts
basic qualities of autobiographical memories. A Scene Recall
Imagery Test is introduced.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104164},
Key = {fds348066}
}
@article{fds348842,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Academic Forgetting},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Research in Memory and
Cognition},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {52-57},
Year = {2020},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2019.12.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2019.12.003},
Key = {fds348842}
}
@article{fds345433,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Hoyle, RH and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART): A Measure of
Individual Differences in Autobiographical
Memory.},
Journal = {Journal of applied research in memory and
cognition},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {305-318},
Year = {2019},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2019.06.005},
Abstract = {We introduce the Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART) to
examine individual differences in how well people think they
remember personal events. The ART comprises seven
theoretically motivated and empirically supported
interrelated aspects of recollecting autobiographical
memories: <i>reliving, vividness, visual imagery, scene,
narrative coherence, life-story relevance,</i> and
<i>rehearsal</i>. Desirable psychometric properties of the
ART are established by confirmatory factor analyses
demonstrating that items probing each of the seven
components form well-defined, yet highly correlated, factors
that are indicators of a single underlying second-order
factor. The ART shows high test-retest reliability over
delays averaging three weeks and correlates meaningfully
with a test of different categories of memory. Overall, the
findings document that autobiographical recollection is a
dimension that varies among individuals. The ART forms a
reliable and easily administered autobiographical memory
test that will help to integrate autobiographical memory
research with fields generally concerned with individual
differences, such as health and personality
psychology.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2019.06.005},
Key = {fds345433}
}
@article{fds339651,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Deffler, SA and Umanath, S},
Title = {Scenes enable a sense of reliving: Implications for
autobiographical memory.},
Volume = {183},
Pages = {44-56},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2019},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.024},
Abstract = {Autobiographical memory has been defined by the
phenomenological properties of reliving, vividness, and
belief that an event occurred. Neuropsychological damage
that results in the inability to recall the layout of a
scene also results in amnesia suggesting a possible milder
effect in people without such neurological damage. Based on
this and other observations, we hypothesized that the degree
to which the layout of a scene is recalled will correlate
positively with ratings of reliving, vividness, and belief,
and will explain more variance in multiple regressions than
recalling the scene's contents. We also hypothesized that a
lack of layout underlies nonspecific autobiographical
memories which are common in aging, future events, and
clinical disorders, whereas currently such memories are most
commonly measured by reports of extended duration. We tested
these theory-driven novel hypotheses in three studies to
replicate our results. In each study, approximately 200
participants rated the layout, content, and other properties
of personal events. Correlational analyses in each study and
a structural equation model for the combined studies provide
strong support for the role of mental scene construction in
an integrative neurocognitive approach to clarify cognitive
theory and clinical phenomena.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.024},
Key = {fds339651}
}
@article{fds337418,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D and Deffler, SA and Brodar,
K},
Title = {Self-narrative focus in autobiographical events: The effect
of time, emotion, and individual differences.},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-75},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0850-4},
Abstract = {Individuals may take a self-narrative focus on the meaning
of personal events in their life story, rather than viewing
the events in isolation. Using the Centrality of Event Scale
(CES; Berntsen & Rubin in Behaviour Research and Therapy,
44, 219-231, 2006) as our measure, we investigated
self-narrative focus as an individual differences variable
in addition to its established role as a measure of
individual events. Three studies, with 169, 182, and 190
participants had 11, 10, and 11 different events varied
across the dimensions of remembered past versus imagined
future, distance from the present, and valence. Imagined
future events, events more distant from the present, and
positive events all had increased self-narrative focus, in
agreement with published theories and findings. Nonetheless,
CES ratings for individual events correlated positively with
each other within individuals (r ~ .30) and supported a
single factor solution. These results are consistent with a
stable individual differences tendency toward self-narrative
focus that transcends single events. Thus, self-narrative
focus is both a response whereby people relate individual
events to their life story and identity and an individual
differences variable that is stable over a range of events.
The findings are discussed in relation to narrative measures
of autobiographical reasoning.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13421-018-0850-4},
Key = {fds337418}
}
@misc{fds347786,
Author = {Rubin, D},
Title = {Placing autobiographical memory in a general memory
organization},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press.},
Year = {2019},
Key = {fds347786}
}
@article{fds337343,
Author = {Gehrt, TB and Berntsen, D and Hoyle, RH and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Psychological and clinical correlates of the Centrality of
Event Scale: A systematic review.},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {57-80},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.006},
Abstract = {The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) was introduced to
examine the extent to which a traumatic or stressful event
is perceived as central to an individual's identity and life
story, and how this relates to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD) symptoms. In addition, the CES has been examined in
relation to a range of other conditions and dispositions. We
present a systematic review of the correlates of the CES.
Results from 92 publications resulted in 25 measurement
categories in the six theoretical domains of trauma,
negative affect and distress, autobiographical memory,
personality, positive affect, and gender. The mean weighted
correlations of the 25 measurement categories ranged from
-.17 to .55, with standard errors from .01 to .02, allowing
us to distinguish empirically among effects. Consistent with
the theoretical motivation for the CES and predictions
predating the review, the CES correlated positively with a
range of measures, correlating most highly with measures
related to trauma, PTSD, grief, and autobiographical memory.
The findings show that the CES probes aspects of
autobiographical memory of broad relevance to clinical
disorders, and with specific implications for theories of
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.006},
Key = {fds337343}
}
@article{fds335706,
Author = {Hall, SA and Brodar, KE and LaBar, KS and Berntsen, D and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Neural responses to emotional involuntary memories in
posttraumatic stress disorder: Differences in timing and
activity.},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {793-804},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.009},
Abstract = {Background:Involuntary memories are a hallmark symptom of
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but studies of the
neural basis of involuntary memory retrieval in
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are sparse. The study
of the neural correlates of involuntary memories of
stressful events in PTSD focuses on the voluntary retrieval
of memories that are sometimes recalled as intrusive
involuntary memories, not on involuntary retrieval while
being scanned. Involuntary memory retrieval in controls has
been shown to elicit activity in the parahippocampal gyrus,
precuneus, inferior parietal cortex, and posterior midline
regions. However, it is unknown whether involuntary memories
are supported by the same mechanisms in PTSD. Because
previous work has shown that both behavioral and neural
responsivity is slowed in PTSD, we examined the
spatiotemporal dynamics of the neural activity underlying
negative and neutral involuntary memory retrieval.
Methods:Twenty-one individuals with PTSD and 21 non-PTSD,
trauma-exposed controls performed an involuntary memory
task, while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance
imaging scan. Environmental sounds served as cues for
well-associated pictures of negative and neutral scenes. We
used a finite impulse response model to analyze temporal
differences between groups in neural responses.
Results:Compared with controls, participants with PTSD
reported more involuntary memories, which were more
emotional and more vivid, but which activated a similar
network of regions. However, compared to controls,
individuals with PTSD showed delayed neural responsivity in
this network and increased vmPFC/ACC activity for
negative > neutral stimuli. Conclusions:The similarity
between PTSD and controls in neural substrates underlying
involuntary memories suggests that, unlike voluntary
memories, involuntary memories elicit similar activity in
regions critical for memory retrieval. Further, the delayed
neural responsivity for involuntary memories in PTSD
suggests that factors affecting cognition in PTSD, like
increased fatigue, or avoidance behaviors could do so by
delaying activity in regions necessary for cognitive
processing. Finally, compared to neutral memories, negative
involuntary memories elicit hyperactivity in the vmPFC,
whereas the vmPFC is typically shown to be hypoactive in
PTSD during voluntary memory retrieval. These patterns
suggest that considering both the temporal dynamics of
cognitive processes as well as involuntary cognitive
processes would improve existing neurobiological models of
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.009},
Key = {fds335706}
}
@article{fds332086,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {What psychology and cognitive neuroscience know about the
communicative function of memory.},
Journal = {The Behavioral and brain sciences},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {e30},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x1700156x},
Abstract = {Mahr & Csibra (M&C) include interesting ideas about the
nature of memory from outside of the field of cognitive
psychology and cognitive neuroscience. However, the target
article's inaccurate claims about those fields limit its
usefulness. I briefly review the most serious omissions and
distortions of the literature by the target article,
including its misrepresentation of event memory, and offer
suggestions for forwarding the goal of understanding the
communicative function of memory.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x1700156x},
Key = {fds332086}
}
@article{fds328627,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Li, D and Hall, SA and Kragel, PA and Berntsen,
D},
Title = {Taking tests in the magnet: Brain mapping standardized
tests.},
Volume = {38},
Number = {11},
Pages = {5706-5725},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23761},
Abstract = {Standardized psychometric tests are sophisticated,
well-developed, and consequential instruments; test outcomes
are taken as facts about people that impact their lives in
important ways. As part of an initial demonstration that
human brain mapping techniques can add converging
neural-level evidence to understanding standardized tests,
our participants completed items from standardized tests
during an fMRI scan. We compared tests for diagnosing
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the correlated
measures of Neuroticism, Attachment, and Centrality of Event
to a general-knowledge baseline test. Twenty-three
trauma-exposed participants answered 20 items for each of
our five tests in each of the three runs for a total of 60
items per test. The tests engaged different neural
processes; which test a participant was taking was
accurately predicted from other participants' brain
activity. The novelty of the application precluded specific
anatomical predictions; however, the interpretation of
activated regions using meta-analyses produced encouraging
results. For instance, items on the Attachment test engaged
regions shown to be more active for tasks involving
judgments of others than judgments of the self. The results
are an initial demonstration of a theoretically and
practically important test-taking neuroimaging paradigm and
suggest specific neural processes in answering PTSD-related
tests. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5706-5725, 2017. © 2017 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/hbm.23761},
Key = {fds328627}
}
@article{fds318745,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Siegler, IC and Beckham, JC and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Neuroticism Increases PTSD Symptom Severity by Amplifying
the Emotionality, Rehearsal, and Centrality of Trauma
Memories.},
Journal = {J Pers},
Volume = {85},
Number = {5},
Pages = {702-715},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12278},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although it is well established that neuroticism
increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
little is known about the mechanisms that promote PTSD in
individuals with elevated levels of neuroticism. Across two
studies, we examined the cognitive-affective processes
through which neuroticism leads to greater PTSD symptom
severity. METHOD: Community-dwelling adults with trauma
histories varying widely in severity (Study 1) and
clinically diagnosed individuals exposed to DSM-IV-TR A1
criterion traumas (Study 2) completed measures of
neuroticism, negative affectivity, trauma memory
characteristics, and PTSD symptom severity. RESULTS:
Longitudinal data in Study 1 showed that individuals with
higher scores on two measures of neuroticism assessed
approximately three decades apart in young adulthood and
midlife reported trauma memories accompanied by more intense
physiological reactions, more frequent involuntary
rehearsal, and greater perceived centrality to identity in
older adulthood. These properties of trauma memories were in
turn associated with more severe PTSD symptoms. Study 2
replicated these findings using cross-sectional data from
individuals with severe trauma histories and three
additional measures of neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS: Results
suggest that neuroticism leads to PTSD symptoms by
magnifying the emotionality, availability, and centrality of
trauma memories as proposed in mnemonic models of
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1111/jopy.12278},
Key = {fds318745}
}
@article{fds330889,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Commentary-Pre- and Posttrauma Predictors of Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder Symptom Severity: Reply to van der Velden
and van der Knaap (2017).},
Journal = {Clin Psychol Sci},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {146-149},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702616661057},
Doi = {10.1177/2167702616661057},
Key = {fds330889}
}
@misc{fds347787,
Author = {Rubin, D and Talarico, JM},
Title = {Ordinary memory processes shape flashbulb memories of
extraordinary events: A review of 40 years of
research.},
Publisher = {Psychology Press.},
Year = {2017},
Key = {fds347787}
}
@article{fds318744,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D and Ogle, CM and Deffler, SA and Beckham,
JC},
Title = {Scientific evidence versus outdated beliefs: A response to
Brewin (2016).},
Journal = {J Abnorm Psychol},
Volume = {125},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1018-1021},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000211},
Abstract = {We find Brewin's (2016) critiques of the narratives, power,
and coherence measures in Rubin et al. (2016) without merit;
his suggestions for a "revised formulation" (p. 1015) of
coherence are contradicted by data readily available in the
target article but ignored. We place Brewin's commentary in
a historical context and show that it reiterates views of
trauma memory fragmentation that are unsupported by data. We
evaluate an earlier review of fragmentation of trauma
memories (Brewin, 2014), which Brewin uses to support his
position in the commentary. We show that it is contradicted
by more comprehensive reviews and fails to include several
studies that met Brewin's inclusion criteria but provided no
support for his position, including 3 studies by the present
authors (Rubin, 2011; Rubin, Boals, & Berntsen, 2008; Rubin,
Dennis, & Beckham, 2011). In short, the commentary's
position does not stand against scientific evidence;
attempts to rescue it through arguments unsupported by data
advance neither science nor clinical practice. (PsycINFO
Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/abn0000211},
Key = {fds318744}
}
@article{fds314827,
Author = {Deffler, SA and Fox, C and Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC},
Title = {All my children: The roles of semantic category and phonetic
similarity in the misnaming of familiar individuals.},
Volume = {44},
Number = {7},
Pages = {989-999},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/11918 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Despite knowing a familiar individual (such as a daughter)
well, anecdotal evidence suggests that naming errors can
occur among very familiar individuals. Here, we investigate
the conditions surrounding these types of errors, or
misnamings, in which a person (the misnamer) incorrectly
calls a familiar individual (the misnamed) by someone else's
name (the named). Across 5 studies including over 1,700
participants, we investigated the prevalence of the
phenomenon of misnaming, identified factors underlying why
it may occur, and tested potential mechanisms. We included
undergraduates and MTurk workers and asked questions of both
the misnamed and the misnamer. We find that familiar
individuals are often misnamed with the name of another
member of the same semantic category; family members are
misnamed with another family member's name and friends are
misnamed with another friend's name. Phonetic similarity
between names also leads to misnamings; however, the size of
this effect was smaller than that of the semantic category
effect. Overall, the misnaming of familiar individuals is
driven by the relationship between the misnamer, misnamed,
and named; phonetic similarity between the incorrect name
used by the misnamer and the correct name also plays a role
in misnaming.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13421-016-0613-z},
Key = {fds314827}
}
@article{fds303802,
Author = {Ford, JH and Rubin, DC and Giovanello, KS},
Title = {The effects of song familiarity and age on phenomenological
characteristics and neural recruitment during
autobiographical memory retrieval.},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {199-210},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pmu0000152},
Abstract = {Recent research suggests that emotional music clips can
serve as a highly successful tool for eliciting rich
autobiographical memories, and that the utility of these
cues may be related to their subjective familiarity. The
current study was designed to examine the effects of
familiarity on phenomenological characteristics and neural
recruitment during retrieval of autobiographical memories
elicited by musical cues. Further, we were interested in
understanding how these effects differ as a function of age.
In an event-related functional neuroimaging study,
participants retrieved autobiographical memories associated
with age-specific popular musical clips. Participants rated
song familiarity, as well as the temporal specificity and
emotional valence of each memory. Song familiarity was
associated with increased dmPFC activity and ratings of
temporal specificity and positivity across participants. In
addition, behavioral and neuroimaging findings suggest age
differences in familiarity-related effects in which
familiarity was more associated with enhancement of memory
detail in young adults and affective positivity in older
adults. These findings highlight important age-related
shifts in how individuals retrieve autobiographical events
and how personally-relevant musical cues may be used to
facilitate memory retrieval.},
Doi = {10.1037/pmu0000152},
Key = {fds303802}
}
@article{fds303804,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Maladaptive trauma appraisals mediate the relation between
attachment anxiety and PTSD symptom severity.},
Journal = {Psychol Trauma},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {301-309},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1942-9681},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12029 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In a large sample of community-dwelling older
adults with histories of exposure to a broad range of
traumatic events, we examined the extent to which appraisals
of traumatic events mediate the relations between insecure
attachment styles and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptom severity. METHOD: Participants completed an
assessment of adult attachment, in addition to measures of
PTSD symptom severity, event centrality, event severity, and
ratings of the A1 PTSD diagnostic criterion for the
potentially traumatic life event that bothered them most at
the time of the study. RESULTS: Consistent with theoretical
proposals and empirical studies indicating that individual
differences in adult attachment systematically influence how
individuals evaluate distressing events, individuals with
higher attachment anxiety perceived their traumatic life
events to be more central to their identity and more severe.
Greater event centrality and event severity were each in
turn related to higher PTSD symptom severity. In contrast,
the relation between attachment avoidance and PTSD symptoms
was not mediated by appraisals of event centrality or event
severity. Furthermore, neither attachment anxiety nor
attachment avoidance was related to participants' ratings of
the A1 PTSD diagnostic criterion. CONCLUSION: Our findings
suggest that attachment anxiety contributes to greater PTSD
symptom severity through heightened perceptions of traumatic
events as central to identity and severe. (PsycINFO Database
Record},
Doi = {10.1037/tra0000112},
Key = {fds303804}
}
@article{fds314826,
Author = {Butler, AC and Rice, HJ and Wooldridge, CL and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Visual imagery in autobiographical memory: The role of
repeated retrieval in shifting perspective.},
Volume = {42},
Pages = {237-253},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1053-8100},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12021 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Recent memories are generally recalled from a first-person
perspective whereas older memories are often recalled from a
third-person perspective. We investigated how repeated
retrieval affects the availability of visual information,
and whether it could explain the observed shift in
perspective with time. In Experiment 1, participants
performed mini-events and nominated memories of recent
autobiographical events in response to cue words. Next, they
described their memory for each event and rated its
phenomenological characteristics. Over the following three
weeks, they repeatedly retrieved half of the mini-event and
cue-word memories. No instructions were given about how to
retrieve the memories. In Experiment 2, participants were
asked to adopt either a first- or third-person perspective
during retrieval. One month later, participants retrieved
all of the memories and again provided phenomenology
ratings. When first-person visual details from the event
were repeatedly retrieved, this information was retained
better and the shift in perspective was slowed.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2016.03.018},
Key = {fds314826}
}
@article{fds303801,
Author = {Koppel, J and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Recent Advances in Understanding the Reminiscence Bump: The
Importance of Cues in Guiding Recall from Autobiographical
Memory.},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-149},
Publisher = {Association for Psychological Science},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12028 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The reminiscence bump is the increased proportion of
autobiographical memories from youth and early adulthood
observed in adults over 40. It is one of the most robust
findings in autobiographical memory research. Although
described as a single period of increased memories, a recent
meta-analysis which reported the beginning and ending ages
of the bump from individual studies found that different
classes of cues produce distinct bumps that vary in size and
temporal location. The bump obtained in response to cue
words is both smaller and located earlier in the lifespan
than the bump obtained when important memories are
requested. The bump obtained in response to odor cues is
even earlier. This variation in the size and location of the
reminiscence bump argues for theories based primarily on
retrieval rather than encoding and retention, which most
current theories stress. Furthermore, it points to the need
to develop theories of autobiographical memory that account
for this flexibility in the memories retrieved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0963721416631955},
Key = {fds303801}
}
@article{fds312315,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Accounting for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom
Severity With Pre- and Posttrauma Measures: A Longitudinal
Study of Older Adults.},
Journal = {Clin Psychol Sci},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {272-286},
Year = {2016},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {2167-7026},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12025 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Using data from a longitudinal study of community-dwelling
older adults, we analyzed the most extensive set of known
correlates of PTSD symptoms obtained from a single sample to
examine the measures' independent and combined utility in
accounting for PTSD symptom severity. Fifteen measures
identified as PTSD risk factors in published meta-analyses
and 12 theoretically and empirically supported individual
difference and health-related measures were included.
Individual difference measures assessed after the trauma,
including insecure attachment and factors related to the
current trauma memory, such as self-rated severity, event
centrality, frequency of involuntary recall, and physical
reactions to the memory, accounted for symptom severity
better than measures of pre-trauma factors. In an analysis
restricted to prospective measures assessed before the
trauma, the total variance explained decreased from 56% to
16%. Results support a model of PTSD in which
characteristics of the current trauma memory promote the
development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms.},
Doi = {10.1177/2167702615583227},
Key = {fds312315}
}
@article{fds303800,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D and Hoyle, RH and Boals, A and Collie, CF and Clancy, CP and Hertzberg, MA},
Title = {The stress response syndrome: The 17 PTSD symptoms as a
single scale},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds303800}
}
@article{fds302198,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Deffler, SA and Ogle, CM and Dowell, NM and Graesser, AC and Beckham, JC},
Title = {Participant, rater, and computer measures of coherence in
posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Journal = {J Abnorm Psychol},
Volume = {125},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-25},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0021-843X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12022 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We examined the coherence of trauma memories in a
trauma-exposed community sample of 30 adults with and 30
without posttraumatic stress disorder. The groups had
similar categories of traumas and were matched on multiple
factors that could affect the coherence of memories. We
compared the transcribed oral trauma memories of
participants with their most important and most positive
memories. A comprehensive set of 28 measures of coherence
including 3 ratings by the participants, 7 ratings by
outside raters, and 18 computer-scored measures, provided a
variety of approaches to defining and measuring coherence. A
multivariate analysis of variance indicated differences in
coherence among the trauma, important, and positive
memories, but not between the diagnostic groups or their
interaction with these memory types. Most differences were
small in magnitude; in some cases, the trauma memories were
more, rather than less, coherent than the control memories.
Where differences existed, the results agreed with the
existing literature, suggesting that factors other than the
incoherence of trauma memories are most likely to be central
to the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder and thus
its treatment.},
Doi = {10.1037/abn0000126},
Key = {fds302198}
}
@article{fds253653,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC and Salgado, S},
Title = {The frequency of involuntary autobiographical memories and
future thoughts in relation to daydreaming, emotional
distress, and age.},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {352-372},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1053-8100},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12024 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We introduce a new scale, the Involuntary Autobiographical
Memory Inventory (IAMI), for measuring the frequency of
involuntary autobiographical memories and involuntary future
thoughts. Using the scale in relation to other psychometric
and demographic measures provided three important, novel
findings. First, the frequency of involuntary and voluntary
memories and future thoughts are similarly related to
general measures of emotional distress. This challenges the
idea that the involuntary mode is uniquely associated with
emotional distress. Second, the frequency of involuntary
autobiographical remembering does not decline with age,
whereas measures of daydreaming, suppression of unwanted
thoughts and dissociative experiences all do. Thus,
involuntary autobiographical remembering relates differently
to aging than daydreaming and other forms of spontaneous and
uncontrollable thoughts. Third, unlike involuntary
autobiographical remembering, the frequency of future
thoughts does decrease with age. This finding underscores
the need for examining past and future mental time travel in
relation to aging and life span development.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2015.07.007},
Key = {fds253653}
}
@article{fds300083,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Pretraumatic Stress Reactions in Soldiers Deployed to
Afghanistan.},
Volume = {3},
Number = {5},
Pages = {663-674},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {2167-7026},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12023 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a diagnosis related to the
past. Pre-traumatic stress reactions, as measured by
intrusive involuntary images of possible future stressful
events and their associated avoidance and increased arousal,
have been overlooked in the PTSD literature. Here we
introduce a scale that measures pre-traumatic stress
reactions providing a clear future-oriented parallel to the
posttraumatic stress reactions described in the diagnostic
criteria for PTSD. We apply this pre-traumatic stress
reactions checklist (PreCL) to Danish soldiers before,
during, and after deployment to Afghanistan. The PreCL has
good internal consistency and is highly correlated with a
standard measure of PTSD symptoms. The PreCL as answered
before the soldiers' deployment significantly predicted
level of PTSD symptoms during and after their deployment,
while controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms and combat
exposure measured during and after deployment. The findings
have implications for the conceptualization of PTSD,
screening, and treatment.},
Doi = {10.1177/2167702614551766},
Key = {fds300083}
}
@article{fds253654,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {The relation between insecure attachment and posttraumatic
stress: Early life versus adulthood traumas.},
Journal = {Psychol Trauma},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {324-332},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1942-9681},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000015},
Abstract = {The present study examined the relations between insecure
attachment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms
among community-dwelling older adults with exposure to a
broad range of traumatic events. Attachment anxiety and
attachment avoidance predicted more severe symptoms of PTSD
and explained unique variance in symptom severity when
compared to other individual difference measures associated
with an elevated risk of PTSD, including NEO neuroticism and
event centrality. A significant interaction between the
developmental timing of the trauma and attachment anxiety
revealed that the relation between PTSD symptoms and
attachment anxiety was stronger for individuals with current
PTSD symptoms associated with early life traumas compared to
individuals with PTSD symptoms linked to adulthood traumas.
Analyses examining factors that account for the relation
between insecure attachment and PTSD symptoms indicated that
individuals with greater attachment anxiety reported
stronger physical reactions to memories of their trauma and
more frequent voluntary and involuntary rehearsal of their
trauma memories. These phenomenological properties of trauma
memories were in turn associated with greater PTSD symptom
severity. Among older adults with early life traumas, only
the frequency of involuntary recall partially accounted for
the relation between attachment anxiety and PTSD symptoms.
Our differential findings concerning early life versus
adulthood trauma suggest that factors underlying the
relation between attachment anxiety and PTSD symptoms vary
according to the developmental timing of the traumatic
exposure. Overall our results are consistent with attachment
theory and with theoretical models of PTSD according to
which PTSD symptoms are promoted by phenomenological
properties of trauma memories.},
Doi = {10.1037/tra0000015},
Key = {fds253654}
}
@article{fds253657,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {One bump, two bumps, three bumps, four? Using retrieval cues
to divide one autobiographical memory reminiscence bump into
many},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {87-89},
Publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {2211-3681},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10069 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.12.005},
Key = {fds253657}
}
@article{fds253659,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Umanath, S},
Title = {Event memory: A theory of memory for laboratory,
autobiographical, and fictional events.},
Volume = {122},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-23},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10068 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {An event memory is a mental construction of a scene recalled
as a single occurrence. It therefore requires the
hippocampus and ventral visual stream needed for all scene
construction. The construction need not come with a sense of
reliving or be made by a participant in the event, and it
can be a summary of occurrences from more than one encoding.
The mental construction, or physical rendering, of any scene
must be done from a specific location and time; this
introduces a "self" located in space and time, which is a
necessary, but need not be a sufficient, condition for a
sense of reliving. We base our theory on scene construction
rather than reliving because this allows the integration of
many literatures and because there is more accumulated
knowledge about scene construction's phenomenology,
behavior, and neural basis. Event memory differs from
episodic memory in that it does not conflate the independent
dimensions of whether or not a memory is relived, is about
the self, is recalled voluntarily, or is based on a single
encoding with whether it is recalled as a single occurrence
of a scene. Thus, we argue that event memory provides a
clearer contrast to semantic memory, which also can be about
the self, be recalled voluntarily, and be from a unique
encoding; allows for a more comprehensive dimensional
account of the structure of explicit memory; and better
accounts for laboratory and real-world behavioral and neural
results, including those from neuropsychology and
neuroimaging, than does episodic memory.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0037907},
Key = {fds253659}
}
@misc{fds302142,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {A basic systems account of trauma memories in PTSD: is more
needed?},
Pages = {41-64},
Booktitle = {Clinical perspective on autobiographical memory: Theories
and approaches},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Watson, LA and Berntsen, D},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds302142}
}
@article{fds253663,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Psychology. How quickly we forget.},
Volume = {346},
Number = {6213},
Pages = {1058-1059},
Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12026 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aaa2341},
Key = {fds253663}
}
@article{fds253669,
Author = {Hall, SA and Rubin, DC and Miles, A and Davis, SW and Wing, EA and Cabeza,
R and Berntsen, D},
Title = {The neural basis of involuntary episodic
memories.},
Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
Volume = {26},
Number = {10},
Pages = {2385-2399},
Year = {2014},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12027 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Voluntary episodic memories require an intentional memory
search, whereas involuntary episodic memories come to mind
spontaneously without conscious effort. Cognitive
neuroscience has largely focused on voluntary memory,
leaving the neural mechanisms of involuntary memory largely
unknown. We hypothesized that, because the main difference
between voluntary and involuntary memory is the controlled
retrieval processes required by the former, there would be
greater frontal activity for voluntary than involuntary
memories. Conversely, we predicted that other components of
the episodic retrieval network would be similarly engaged in
the two types of memory. During encoding, all participants
heard sounds, half paired with pictures of complex scenes
and half presented alone. During retrieval, paired and
unpaired sounds were presented, panned to the left or to the
right. Participants in the involuntary group were instructed
to indicate the spatial location of the sound, whereas
participants in the voluntary group were asked to
additionally recall the pictures that had been paired with
the sounds. All participants reported the incidence of their
memories in a postscan session. Consistent with our
predictions, voluntary memories elicited greater activity in
dorsal frontal regions than involuntary memories, whereas
other components of the retrieval network, including
medial-temporal, ventral occipitotemporal, and ventral
parietal regions were similarly engaged by both types of
memories. These results clarify the distinct role of dorsal
frontal and ventral occipitotemporal regions in predicting
strategic retrieval and recalled information, respectively,
and suggest that, although there are neural differences in
retrieval, involuntary memories share neural components with
established voluntary memory systems.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00633},
Key = {fds253669}
}
@article{fds253671,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Boals, A and Hoyle, RH},
Title = {Narrative centrality and negative affectivity: independent
and interactive contributors to stress reactions.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. General},
Volume = {143},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1159-1170},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035140},
Abstract = {Reactions to stressful negative events have long been
studied using approaches based on either the narrative
interpretation of the event or the traits of the individual.
Here, we integrate these 2 approaches by using
individual-differences measures of both the narrative
interpretation of the stressful event as central to one's
life and the personality characteristic of negative
affectivity. We show that they each have independent
contributions to stress reactions and that high levels on
both produce greater than additive effects. The effects on
posttraumatic stress symptoms are substantial for both
undergraduates (Study 1, n = 2,296; Study 3, n = 488) and
veterans (Study 2, n = 104), with mean levels for
participants low on both measures near floor on
posttraumatic stress symptoms and those high on both
measures scoring at or above diagnostic thresholds. Study 3
included 3 measures of narrative centrality and 3 of
negative affectivity to demonstrate that the effects were
not limited to a single measure. In Study 4 (n = 987),
measures associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress
correlated substantially with either measures of narrative
centrality or measures of negative affectivity. The concepts
of narrative centrality and negative affectivity and the
results are consistent with findings from clinical
populations using similar measures and with current
approaches to therapy. In broad nonclinical populations,
such as those used here, the results suggest that we might
be able to substantially increase our ability to account for
the severity of stress response by including both
concepts.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0035140},
Key = {fds253671}
}
@article{fds253667,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Schema-driven construction of future autobiographical
traumatic events: the future is much more troubling than the
past.},
Volume = {143},
Number = {2},
Pages = {612-630},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9754 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Research on future episodic thought has produced compelling
theories and results in cognitive psychology, cognitive
neuroscience, and clinical psychology. In experiments aimed
to integrate these with basic concepts and methods from
autobiographical memory research, 76 undergraduates
remembered past and imagined future positive and negative
events that had or would have a major impact on them.
Correlations of the online ratings of visual and auditory
imagery, emotion, and other measures demonstrated that
individuals used the same processes to the same extent to
remember past and construct future events. These measures
predicted the theoretically important metacognitive judgment
of past reliving and future "preliving" in similar ways. On
standardized tests of reactions to traumatic events, scores
for future negative events were much higher than scores for
past negative events. The scores for future negative events
were in the range that would qualify for a diagnosis of
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); the test was
replicated (n = 52) to check for order effects. Consistent
with earlier work, future events had less sensory vividness.
Thus, the imagined symptoms of future events were unlikely
to be caused by sensory vividness. In a second experiment,
to confirm this, 63 undergraduates produced numerous added
details between 2 constructions of the same negative future
events; deficits in rated vividness were removed with no
increase in the standardized tests of reactions to traumatic
events. Neuroticism predicted individuals' reactions to
negative past events but did not predict imagined reactions
to future events. This set of novel methods and findings is
interpreted in the contexts of the literatures of episodic
future thought, autobiographical memory, PTSD, and classic
schema theory.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032638},
Key = {fds253667}
}
@article{fds253677,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Changes in neuroticism following trauma exposure.},
Journal = {J Pers},
Volume = {82},
Number = {2},
Pages = {93-102},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23550961},
Abstract = {Using longitudinal data, the present study examined change
in midlife neuroticism following trauma exposure. Our
primary analyses included 670 participants (M(age) = 60.55;
65.22% male, 99.70% Caucasian) who completed the NEO
Personality Inventory at ages 42 and 50 and reported their
lifetime exposure to traumatic events approximately 10 years
later. No differences in pre- and post-trauma neuroticism
scores were found among individuals who experienced all of
their lifetime traumas in the interval between the
personality assessments. Results were instead consistent
with normative age-related declines in neuroticism
throughout adulthood. Furthermore, longitudinal changes in
neuroticism scores did not differ between individuals with
and without histories of midlife trauma exposure.
Examination of change in neuroticism following
life-threatening traumas yielded a comparable pattern of
results. Analysis of facet-level scores largely replicated
findings from the domain scores. Overall, our findings
suggest that neuroticism does not reliably change following
exposure to traumatic events in middle adulthood.
Supplemental analyses indicated that individuals exposed to
life-threatening traumas in childhood or adolescence
reported higher midlife neuroticism than individuals who
experienced severe traumas in adulthood. Life-threatening
traumatic events encountered early in life may have a more
pronounced impact on adulthood personality than recent
traumatic events.},
Doi = {10.1111/jopy.12037},
Key = {fds253677}
}
@article{fds253665,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Involuntary Memories and Dissociative Amnesia: Assessing Key
Assumptions in PTSD Research.},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {174-186},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {2167-7026},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9758 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Autobiographical memories of trauma victims are often
described as disturbed in two ways. First, the trauma is
frequently re-experienced in the form of involuntary,
intrusive recollections. Second, the trauma is difficult to
recall voluntarily (strategically); important parts may be
totally or partially inaccessible-a feature known as
dissociative amnesia. These characteristics are often
mentioned by PTSD researchers and are included as PTSD
symptoms in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association,
2000). In contrast, we show that both involuntary and
voluntary recall are enhanced by emotional stress during
encoding. We also show that the PTSD symptom in the
diagnosis addressing dissociative amnesia, trouble
remembering important aspects of the trauma is less well
correlated with the remaining PTSD symptoms than the
conceptual reversal of having trouble forgetting important
aspects of the trauma. Our findings contradict key
assumptions that have shaped PTSD research over the last 40
years.},
Doi = {10.1177/2167702613496241},
Key = {fds253665}
}
@article{fds253675,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Cumulative exposure to traumatic events in older
adults.},
Journal = {Aging Ment Health},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {316-325},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011223},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the impact of
cumulative trauma exposure on current posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) symptom severity in a nonclinical sample of
adults in their 60s. The predictive utility of cumulative
trauma exposure was compared to other known predictors of
PTSD, including trauma severity, personality traits, social
support, and event centrality. METHOD: Community-dwelling
adults (n = 2515) from the crest of the Baby Boom generation
completed the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, the PTSD
Checklist, the NEO Personality Inventory, the Centrality of
Event Scale, and rated their current social support.
RESULTS: Cumulative trauma exposure predicted greater PTSD
symptom severity in hierarchical regression analyses
consistent with a dose-response model. Neuroticism and event
centrality also emerged as robust predictors of PTSD symptom
severity. In contrast, the severity of individuals' single
most distressing life event, as measured by self-report
ratings of the A1 PTSD diagnostic criterion, did not add
explanatory variance to the model. Analyses concerning event
categories revealed that cumulative exposure to childhood
violence and adulthood physical assaults were most strongly
associated with PTSD symptom severity in older adulthood.
Moreover, cumulative self-oriented events accounted for a
larger percentage of variance in symptom severity compared
to events directed at others. CONCLUSION: Our findings
suggest that the cumulative impact of exposure to traumatic
events throughout the life course contributes significantly
to posttraumatic stress in older adulthood above and beyond
other known predictors of PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1080/13607863.2013.832730},
Key = {fds253675}
}
@article{fds253676,
Author = {Ford, JH and Rubin, DC and Giovanello, KS},
Title = {Effects of task instruction on autobiographical memory
specificity in young and older adults.},
Volume = {22},
Number = {6},
Pages = {722-736},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9763 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Older adults tend to retrieve autobiographical information
that is overly general (i.e., not restricted to a single
event, termed the overgenerality effect) relative to young
adults' specific memories. A vast majority of studies that
have reported overgenerality effects explicitly instruct
participants to retrieve specific memories, thereby
requiring participants to maintain task goals, inhibit
inappropriate responses, and control their memory search.
Since these processes are impaired in healthy ageing, it is
important to determine whether such task instructions
influence the magnitude of the overgenerality effect in
older adults. In the current study participants retrieved
autobiographical memories during presentation of musical
clips. Task instructions were manipulated to separate
age-related differences in the specificity of underlying
memory representations from age-related differences in
following task instructions. Whereas young adults modulated
memory specificity based on task demands, older adults did
not. These findings suggest that reported rates of
overgenerality in older adults' memories might include
age-related differences in memory representation, as well as
differences in task compliance. Such findings provide a
better understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms
involved in age-related changes in autobiographical memory
and may also be valuable for future research examining
effects of overgeneral memory on general
well-being.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2013.820325},
Key = {fds253676}
}
@article{fds253709,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {The impact of the developmental timing of trauma exposure on
PTSD symptoms and psychosocial functioning among older
adults.},
Journal = {Dev Psychol},
Volume = {49},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2191-2200},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23458662},
Abstract = {The present study examined the impact of the developmental
timing of trauma exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) symptoms and psychosocial functioning in a large
sample of community-dwelling older adults (N = 1,995).
Specifically, we investigated whether the negative
consequences of exposure to traumatic events were greater
for traumas experienced during childhood, adolescence, young
adulthood, midlife, or older adulthood. Each of these
developmental periods is characterized by age-related
changes in cognitive and social processes that may influence
psychological adjustment following trauma exposure. Results
revealed that older adults who experienced their currently
most distressing traumatic event during childhood exhibited
more severe symptoms of PTSD and lower subjective happiness
compared with older adults who experienced their most
distressing trauma after the transition to adulthood.
Similar findings emerged for measures of social support and
coping ability. The differential effects of childhood
compared with later life traumas were not fully explained by
differences in cumulative trauma exposure or by differences
in the objective and subjective characteristics of the
events. Our findings demonstrate the enduring nature of
traumatic events encountered early in the life course and
underscore the importance of examining the developmental
context of trauma exposure in investigations of the
long-term consequences of traumatic experiences.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0031985},
Key = {fds253709}
}
@article{fds253672,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Feeling, N},
Title = {Measuring the Severity of Negative and Traumatic
Events.},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {375-389},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {2167-7026},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9764 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We devised three measures of the general severity of events,
which raters applied to participants' narrative
descriptions: 1) placing events on a standard normed scale
of stressful events, 2) placing events into five bins based
on their severity relative to all other events in the
sample, and 3) an average of ratings of the events' effects
on six distinct areas of the participants' lives. Protocols
of negative events were obtained from two non-diagnosed
undergraduate samples (n = 688 and 328), a clinically
diagnosed undergraduate sample all of whom had traumas and
half of whom met PTSD criteria (n = 30), and a clinically
diagnosed community sample who met PTSD criteria (n = 75).
The three measures of severity correlated highly in all four
samples but failed to correlate with PTSD symptom severity
in any sample. Theoretical implications for the role of
trauma severity in PTSD are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1177/2167702613483112},
Key = {fds253672}
}
@article{fds253673,
Author = {Ogle, CM and Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D and Siegler,
IC},
Title = {The Frequency and Impact of Exposure to Potentially
Traumatic Events Over the Life Course.},
Journal = {Clin Psychol Sci},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {426-434},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {2167-7026},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9766 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We examined the frequency and impact of exposure to
potentially traumatic events among a nonclinical sample of
older adults (n = 3,575), a population typically
underrepresented in epidemiological research concerning the
prevalence of traumatic events. Current PTSD symptom
severity and the centrality of events to identity were
assessed for events nominated as currently most distressing.
Approximately 90% of participants experienced one or more
potentially traumatic events. Events that occurred with
greater frequency early in the life course were associated
with more severe PTSD symptoms compared to events that
occurred with greater frequency during later decades. Early
life traumas, however, were not more central to identity.
Results underscore the differential impact of traumatic
events experienced throughout the life course. We conclude
with suggestions for further research concerning mechanisms
that promote the persistence of post-traumatic stress
related to early life traumas and empirical evaluation of
psychotherapeutic treatments for older adults with
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1177/2167702613485076},
Key = {fds253673}
}
@article{fds253674,
Author = {St, JPL and Kragel, PA and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Neural networks supporting autobiographical memory retrieval
in posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {554-566},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1530-7026},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000324557900010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects the functional
recruitment and connectivity between neural regions during
autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval that overlap with
default and control networks. Whether such univariate
changes relate to potential differences in the contributions
of the large-scale neural networks supporting cognition in
PTSD is unknown. In the present functional MRI study, we
employed independent-component analysis to examine the
influence of the engagement of neural networks during the
recall of personal memories in a PTSD group (15
participants) as compared to non-trauma-exposed healthy
controls (14 participants). We found that the PTSD group
recruited similar neural networks when compared to the
controls during AM recall, including default-network
subsystems and control networks, but group differences
emerged in the spatial and temporal characteristics of these
networks. First, we found spatial differences in the
contributions of the anterior and posterior midline across
the networks, and of the amygdala in particular, for the
medial temporal subsystem of the default network. Second, we
found temporal differences within the medial prefrontal
subsystem of the default network, with less temporal
coupling of this network during AM retrieval in PTSD
relative to controls. These findings suggest that the
spatial and temporal characteristics of the default and
control networks potentially differ in a PTSD group versus
healthy controls and contribute to altered recall of
personal memory.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13415-013-0157-7},
Key = {fds253674}
}
@article{fds253708,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Johannessen, KB and Thomsen, YD and Bertelsen, M and Hoyle, RH and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Peace and war: trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms before, during, and after military deployment in
Afghanistan.},
Volume = {23},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1557-1565},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9771 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In the study reported here, we examined posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 746 Danish soldiers measured on
five occasions before, during, and after deployment to
Afghanistan. Using latent class growth analysis, we
identified six trajectories of change in PTSD symptoms. Two
resilient trajectories had low levels across all five times,
and a new-onset trajectory started low and showed a marked
increase of PTSD symptoms. Three temporary-benefit
trajectories, not previously described in the literature,
showed decreases in PTSD symptoms during (or immediately
after) deployment, followed by increases after return from
deployment. Predeployment emotional problems and
predeployment traumas, especially childhood adversities,
were predictors for inclusion in the nonresilient
trajectories, whereas deployment-related stress was not.
These findings challenge standard views of PTSD in two ways.
First, they show that factors other than immediately
preceding stressors are critical for PTSD development, with
childhood adversities being central. Second, they
demonstrate that the development of PTSD symptoms shows
heterogeneity, which indicates the need for multiple
measurements to understand PTSD and identify people in need
of treatment.},
Doi = {10.1177/0956797612457389},
Key = {fds253708}
}
@article{fds253710,
Author = {St, JPL and Rubin, DC and Cabeza, R},
Title = {Age-related effects on the neural correlates of
autobiographical memory retrieval.},
Volume = {33},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1298-1310},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21190759},
Abstract = {Older adults recall less episodically rich autobiographical
memories (AM), however, the neural basis of this effect is
not clear. Using functional MRI, we examined the effects of
age during search and elaboration phases of AM retrieval.
Our results suggest that the age-related attenuation in the
episodic richness of AMs is associated with difficulty in
the strategic retrieval processes underlying recovery of
information during elaboration. First, age effects on AM
activity were more pronounced during elaboration than
search, with older adults showing less sustained recruitment
of the hippocampus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
(VLPFC) for less episodically rich AMs. Second, there was an
age-related reduction in the modulation of top-down coupling
of the VLPFC on the hippocampus for episodically rich AMs.
In sum, the present study shows that changes in the
sustained response and coupling of the hippocampus and
prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlie age-related reductions in
episodic richness of the personal past.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.007},
Key = {fds253710}
}
@article{fds253707,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Hoyle, RH and Leary, MR},
Title = {Differential predictability of four dimensions of affect
intensity.},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-41},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21707262},
Abstract = {Individual differences in affect intensity are typically
assessed with the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM). Previous
factor analyses suggest that the AIM is comprised of four
weakly correlated factors: Positive Affectivity, Negative
Reactivity, Negative Intensity and Positive Intensity or
Serenity. However, little data exist to show whether its
four factors relate to other measures differently enough to
preclude use of the total scale score. The present study
replicated the four-factor solution and found that subscales
derived from the four factors correlated differently with
criterion variables that assess personality domains,
affective dispositions, and cognitive patterns that are
associated with emotional reactions. The results show that
use of the total AIM score can obscure relationships between
specific features of affect intensity and other variables
and suggest that researchers should examine the individual
AIM subscales.},
Doi = {10.1080/02699931.2011.561564},
Key = {fds253707}
}
@article{fds253711,
Author = {Janssen, SMJ and Rubin, DC and Conway, MA},
Title = {The reminiscence bump in the temporal distribution of the
best football players of all time: Pelé, Cruijff or
Maradona?},
Volume = {65},
Number = {1},
Pages = {165-178},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21939366},
Abstract = {The reminiscence bump is the tendency to recall more
autobiographical memories from adolescence and early
adulthood than from adjacent lifetime periods. In this
online study, the robustness of the reminiscence bump was
examined by looking at participants' judgements about the
quality of football players. Dutch participants (N = 619)
were asked who they thought the five best players of all
time were. The participants could select the names from a
list or enter the names when their favourite players were
not on the list. Johan Cruijff, Pelé, and Diego Maradona
were the three most often mentioned players. Participants
frequently named football players who reached the midpoint
of their career when the participants were adolescents (mode
= 17). The results indicate that the reminiscence bump can
also be identified outside the autobiographical memory
domain.},
Doi = {10.1080/17470218.2011.606372},
Key = {fds253711}
}
@misc{fds302143,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The basic system model of autobiographical
memory},
Pages = {11-32},
Booktitle = {Understanding autobiographical memory: Theories and
approaches},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds302143}
}
@book{fds309884,
Author = {D. Berntsen and D.C. Rubin},
Title = {Understanding autobiographical memory: Theories and
approaches},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Bernsten, D and Rubin, DC},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds309884}
}
@article{fds253713,
Author = {Boals, A and Hathaway, LM and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The Therapeutic Effects of Completing Autobiographical
Memory Questionnaires for Positive and Negative Events: An
Experimental Approach},
Volume = {35},
Number = {6},
Pages = {544-549},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0147-5916},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9782 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Rubin et al. (Cognit Ther Res 34:35-48, 2010) demonstrated
that completing autobiographical memory questionnaires about
a very negative event leads to decreases in levels of
distress related to that event. However, a limitation of
their methodology was that perhaps completing the memory
questionnaire about any autobiographical memory could
produce the reported effects. In the current study, 238
participants nominated a very negative and a very positive
event from their lives. Participants were then randomly
assigned to complete autobiographical memory questionnaires
about either their nominated negative or nominated positive
event. The results generally replicated the pattern reported
in Rubin et al. In comparison to participants who completed
questionnaires about a positive event, participants who
completed the memory questionnaires about their nominated
negative event evidenced decreases in emotional reactions
and distress levels. Implications for completing
autobiographical memory questionnaires about negative events
as a possible therapeutic tool are discussed. © 2011
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10608-011-9412-9},
Key = {fds253713}
}
@article{fds253725,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Two versions of life: emotionally negative and positive life
events have different roles in the organization of life
story and identity.},
Journal = {Emotion},
Volume = {11},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1190-1201},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875191},
Abstract = {Over 2,000 adults in their sixties completed the Centrality
of Event Scale (CES) for the traumatic or negative event
that now troubled them the most and for their most positive
life event, as well as measures of current PTSD symptoms,
depression, well-being, and personality. Consistent with the
notion of a positivity bias in old age, the positive events
were judged to be markedly more central to life story and
identity than were the negative events. The centrality of
positive events was unrelated to measures of PTSD symptoms
and emotional distress, whereas the centrality of the
negative event showed clear positive correlations with these
measures. The centrality of the positive events increased
with increasing time since the events, whereas the
centrality of the negative events decreased. The life
distribution of the positive events showed a marked peak in
young adulthood whereas the life distribution for the
negative events peaked at the participants' present age. The
positive events were mostly events from the cultural life
script-that is, culturally shared representations of the
timing of major transitional events. Overall, our findings
show that positive and negative autobiographical events
relate markedly differently to life story and identity.
Positive events become central to life story and identity
primarily through their correspondence with cultural norms.
Negative events become central through mechanisms associated
with emotional distress.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0024940},
Key = {fds253725}
}
@article{fds253715,
Author = {Rice, HJ and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Remembering from any angle: the flexibility of visual
perspective during retrieval.},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {568-577},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1053-8100},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9778 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {When recalling autobiographical memories, individuals often
experience visual images associated with the event. These
images can be constructed from two different perspectives:
first person, in which the event is visualized from the
viewpoint experienced at encoding, or third person, in which
the event is visualized from an external vantage point.
Using a novel technique to measure visual perspective, we
examined where the external vantage point is situated in
third-person images. Individuals in two studies were asked
to recall either 10 or 15 events from their lives and
describe the perspectives they experienced. Wide variation
in spatial locations was observed within third-person
perspectives, with the location of these perspectives
relating to the event being recalled. Results suggest
remembering from an external viewpoint may be more common
than previous studies have demonstrated.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2010.10.013},
Key = {fds253715}
}
@article{fds253721,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Dennis, MF and Beckham, JC},
Title = {Autobiographical memory for stressful events: the role of
autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress
disorder.},
Journal = {Conscious Cogn},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {840-856},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21489820},
Abstract = {To provide the three-way comparisons needed to test existing
theories, we compared (1) most-stressful memories to other
memories and (2) involuntary to voluntary memories (3) in 75
community dwelling adults with and 42 without a current
diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Each
rated their three most-stressful, three most-positive, seven
most-important and 15 word-cued autobiographical memories,
and completed tests of personality and mood. Involuntary
memories were then recorded and rated as they occurred for 2
weeks. Standard mechanisms of cognition and affect applied
to extreme events accounted for the properties of stressful
memories. Involuntary memories had greater emotional
intensity than voluntary memories, but were not more
frequently related to traumatic events. The emotional
intensity, rehearsal, and centrality to the life story of
both voluntary and involuntary memories, rather than
incoherence of voluntary traumatic memories and enhanced
availability of involuntary traumatic memories, were the
properties of autobiographical memories associated with
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.015},
Key = {fds253721}
}
@article{fds253722,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The coherence of memories for trauma: evidence from
posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {857-865},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413327},
Abstract = {Participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
participants with a trauma but without PTSD wrote narratives
of their trauma and, for comparison, of the most-important
and the happiest events that occurred within a year of their
trauma. They then rated these three events on coherence.
Based on participants' self-ratings and on naïve-observer
scorings of the participants' narratives, memories of
traumas were not more incoherent than the comparison
memories in participants in general or in participants with
PTSD. This study comprehensively assesses narrative
coherence using a full two (PTSD or not) by two (traumatic
event or not) design. The results are counter to most
prevalent theoretical views of memory for
trauma.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.018},
Key = {fds253722}
}
@article{fds253724,
Author = {Boals, A and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The integration of emotions in memories: Cognitive-emotional
distinctiveness and posttraumatic stress
disorder},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {811-816},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0888-4080},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9780 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The current study examined cognitive-emotional
distinctiveness (CED), the extent to which emotions are
linked with event information, in memories associated with
PTSD. Participants either with PTSD (n=68) or without PTSD
(n=40) completed a modified multidimensional scaling
technique to measure CED for their most negative and most
positive events. The results revealed that participants in
the PTSD group evidenced significantly lower levels of CED.
This group difference remained significant when we limited
the analysis to traumatic events that led to a PTSD
diagnosis (n=33) in comparison to control participants who
nominated a traumatic event that did not result in PTSD
(n=32). Replicating previous findings, CED levels were
higher in memories of negative events, in comparison to
positive events. These results provide empirical evidence
that memories associated with PTSD do contain special
organizational features with respect to the links between
emotions and memory. Implications for understanding and
treating PTSD are discussed. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.1752},
Key = {fds253724}
}
@article{fds253712,
Author = {St, JPL and Kragel, PA and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Dynamic neural networks supporting memory
retrieval.},
Volume = {57},
Number = {2},
Pages = {608-616},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21550407},
Abstract = {How do separate neural networks interact to support complex
cognitive processes such as remembrance of the personal
past? Autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval recruits a
consistent pattern of activation that potentially comprises
multiple neural networks. However, it is unclear how such
large-scale neural networks interact and are modulated by
properties of the memory retrieval process. In the present
functional MRI (fMRI) study, we combined independent
component analysis (ICA) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM)
to understand the neural networks supporting AM retrieval.
ICA revealed four task-related components consistent with
the previous literature: 1) medial prefrontal cortex (PFC)
network, associated with self-referential processes, 2)
medial temporal lobe (MTL) network, associated with memory,
3) frontoparietal network, associated with strategic search,
and 4) cingulooperculum network, associated with goal
maintenance. DCM analysis revealed that the medial PFC
network drove activation within the system, consistent with
the importance of this network to AM retrieval.
Additionally, memory accessibility and recollection uniquely
altered connectivity between these neural networks.
Recollection modulated the influence of the medial PFC on
the MTL network during elaboration, suggesting that greater
connectivity among subsystems of the default network
supports greater re-experience. In contrast, memory
accessibility modulated the influence of frontoparietal and
MTL networks on the medial PFC network, suggesting that ease
of retrieval involves greater fluency among the multiple
networks contributing to AM. These results show the
integration between neural networks supporting AM retrieval
and the modulation of network connectivity by
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.039},
Key = {fds253712}
}
@article{fds253716,
Author = {Huijbers, W and Pennartz, CMA and Rubin, DC and Daselaar,
SM},
Title = {Imagery and retrieval of auditory and visual information:
neural correlates of successful and unsuccessful
performance.},
Volume = {49},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1730-1740},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9777 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Remembering past events - or episodic retrieval - consists
of several components. There is evidence that mental imagery
plays an important role in retrieval and that the brain
regions supporting imagery overlap with those supporting
retrieval. An open issue is to what extent these regions
support successful vs. unsuccessful imagery and retrieval
processes. Previous studies that examined regional overlap
between imagery and retrieval used uncontrolled memory
conditions, such as autobiographical memory tasks, that
cannot distinguish between successful and unsuccessful
retrieval. A second issue is that fMRI studies that compared
imagery and retrieval have used modality-aspecific cues that
are likely to activate auditory and visual processing
regions simultaneously. Thus, it is not clear to what extent
identified brain regions support modality-specific or
modality-independent imagery and retrieval processes. In the
current fMRI study, we addressed this issue by comparing
imagery to retrieval under controlled memory conditions in
both auditory and visual modalities. We also obtained
subjective measures of imagery quality allowing us to
dissociate regions contributing to successful vs.
unsuccessful imagery. Results indicated that auditory and
visual regions contribute both to imagery and retrieval in a
modality-specific fashion. In addition, we identified four
sets of brain regions with distinct patterns of activity
that contributed to imagery and retrieval in a
modality-independent fashion. The first set of regions,
including hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, medial
prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus, showed a pattern common
to imagery/retrieval and consistent with successful
performance regardless of task. The second set of regions,
including dorsal precuneus, anterior cingulate and
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, also showed a pattern common
to imagery and retrieval, but consistent with unsuccessful
performance during both tasks. Third, left ventrolateral
prefrontal cortex showed an interaction between task and
performance and was associated with successful imagery but
unsuccessful retrieval. Finally, the fourth set of regions,
including ventral precuneus, midcingulate cortex and
supramarginal gyrus, showed the opposite interaction,
supporting unsuccessful imagery, but successful retrieval
performance. Results are discussed in relation to
reconstructive, attentional, semantic memory, and working
memory processes. This is the first study to separate the
neural correlates of successful and unsuccessful performance
for both imagery and retrieval and for both auditory and
visual modalities.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.051},
Key = {fds253716}
}
@article{fds253720,
Author = {St, JPL and Botzung, A and Miles, A and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Functional neuroimaging of emotionally intense
autobiographical memories in post-traumatic stress
disorder.},
Volume = {45},
Number = {5},
Pages = {630-637},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109253},
Abstract = {Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects regions that
support autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval, such as the
hippocampus, amygdala and ventral medial prefrontal cortex
(PFC). However, it is not well understood how PTSD may
impact the neural mechanisms of memory retrieval for the
personal past. We used a generic cue method combined with
parametric modulation analysis and functional MRI (fMRI) to
investigate the neural mechanisms affected by PTSD symptoms
during the retrieval of a large sample of emotionally
intense AMs. There were three main results. First, the PTSD
group showed greater recruitment of the amygdala/hippocampus
during the construction of negative versus positive
emotionally intense AMs, when compared to controls. Second,
across both the construction and elaboration phases of
retrieval the PTSD group showed greater recruitment of the
ventral medial PFC for negatively intense memories, but less
recruitment for positively intense memories. Third, the PTSD
group showed greater functional coupling between the ventral
medial PFC and the amygdala for negatively intense memories,
but less coupling for positively intense memories. In sum,
the fMRI data suggest that there was greater recruitment and
coupling of emotional brain regions during the retrieval of
negatively intense AMs in the PTSD group when compared to
controls.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.011},
Key = {fds253720}
}
@article{fds253714,
Author = {Janssen, SMJ and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Age Effects in Cultural Life Scripts.},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {291-298},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0888-4080},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9767 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Life scripts are culturally shared expectations about the
timing of life events in an idealized life course. Because
they are cultural semantic knowledge, they should be known
by all adult age groups including those who have not lived
through all events in the life script, but this has not been
tested previously. Young, middle-aged and older adults from
the Netherlands were therefore asked in this online study to
imagine an ordinary Dutch infant and to name the seven most
important events that were likely to take place in the life
of this prototypical child. Participants subsequently
answered questions about at what ages these events were
expected to occur and about their prevalence, importance and
valence. We found that the cultural life script was similar
for young, middle-aged and older adults and for adults with
different educational attainment.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.1690},
Key = {fds253714}
}
@article{fds253723,
Author = {Janssen, SMJ and Rubin, DC and St, JPL},
Title = {The temporal distribution of autobiographical memory:
changes in reliving and vividness over the life span do not
explain the reminiscence bump.},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-11},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21264610},
Abstract = {When autobiographical memories are elicited with word cues,
personal events from middle childhood to early adulthood are
overrepresented compared to events from other periods. It
is, however, unclear whether these memories are also
associated with greater recollection. In this online study,
we examined whether autobiographical memories from
adolescence and early adulthood are recollected more than
memories from other lifetime periods. Participants rated
personal events that were elicited with cue words on
reliving or vividness. Consistent with previous studies,
most memories came from the period in which the participants
were between 6 and 20 years old. The memories from this
period were not relived more or recalled more vividly than
memories from other lifetime periods, suggesting that they
do not involve more recollection. Recent events had higher
levels of reliving and vividness than remote events, and
older adults reported a stronger recollective experience
than younger adults.},
Doi = {10.3758/s13421-010-0003-x},
Key = {fds253723}
}
@article{fds253689,
Author = {Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Rimer, BK and Rubin, DC and Brummett,
BH and Barefoot, JC and Costa, PT},
Title = {WHEN I'M 64: FINDINGS FROM THE UNC ALUMNI HEART
STUDY},
Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {9-10},
Publisher = {SPRINGER},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1070-5503},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000280088500019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds253689}
}
@article{fds253726,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Boals, A},
Title = {People who expect to enter psychotherapy are prone to
believing that they have forgotten memories of childhood
trauma and abuse.},
Volume = {18},
Number = {5},
Pages = {556-562},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2010},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {PMC2904647},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623421},
Abstract = {We asked 1004 undergraduates to estimate both the
probability that they would enter therapy and the
probability that they experienced but could not remember
incidents of potentially life-threatening childhood traumas
or physical and sexual abuse. We found a linear relation
between the expectation of entering therapy and the belief
that one had, but cannot now remember, childhood trauma and
abuse. Thus individuals who are prone to seek psychotherapy
are also prone to accept a suggested memory of childhood
trauma or abuse as fitting their expectations. In multiple
regressions predicting the probability of forgotten memories
of childhood traumas and abuse, the expectation of entering
therapy remained as a substantial predictor when self-report
measures of mood, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder
symptom severity, and trauma exposure were
included.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2010.490787},
Key = {fds253726}
}
@article{fds253727,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Emotion and autobiographical memory: considerations from
posttraumatic stress disorder.},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {132-133},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20374934},
Doi = {10.1016/j.plrev.2010.01.001},
Key = {fds253727}
}
@article{fds253728,
Author = {Botzung, A and Rubin, DC and Miles, A and Cabeza, R and Labar,
KS},
Title = {Mental hoop diaries: emotional memories of a college
basketball game in rival fans.},
Volume = {30},
Number = {6},
Pages = {2130-2137},
Publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20147540},
Abstract = {The rivalry between the men's basketball teams of Duke
University and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
(UNC) is one of the most storied traditions in college
sports. A subculture of students at each university form
social bonds with fellow fans, develop expertise in college
basketball rules, team statistics, and individual players,
and self-identify as a member of a fan group. The present
study capitalized on the high personal investment of these
fans and the strong affective tenor of a Duke-UNC basketball
game to examine the neural correlates of emotional memory
retrieval for a complex sporting event. Male fans watched a
competitive, archived game in a social setting. During a
subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging session,
participants viewed video clips depicting individual plays
of the game that ended with the ball being released toward
the basket. For each play, participants recalled whether or
not the shot went into the basket. Hemodynamic signal
changes time locked to correct memory decisions were
analyzed as a function of emotional intensity and valence,
according to the fan's perspective. Results showed
intensity-modulated retrieval activity in midline cortical
structures, sensorimotor cortex, the striatum, and the
medial temporal lobe, including the amygdala. Positively
valent memories specifically recruited processing in dorsal
frontoparietal regions, and additional activity in the
insula and medial temporal lobe for positively valent shots
recalled with high confidence. This novel paradigm reveals
how brain regions implicated in emotion, memory retrieval,
visuomotor imagery, and social cognition contribute to the
recollection of specific plays in the mind of a sports
fan.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2481-09.2010},
Key = {fds253728}
}
@article{fds253731,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Boals, A and Klein, K},
Title = {Autobiographical Memories for Very Negative Events: The
Effects of Thinking about and Rating Memories.},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-48},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0147-5916},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423832},
Abstract = {In three related experiments, 250 participants rated
properties of their autobiographical memory of a very
negative event before and after writing about either their
deepest thoughts and emotions of the event or a control
topic. Levels of emotional intensity of the event, distress
associated with the event, intrusive symptoms, and other
phenomenological memory properties decreased over the course
of the experiment, but did not differ by writing condition.
We argue that the act of answering our extensive questions
about a very negative event led to the decrease, thereby
masking the effects of expressive writing. To show that the
changes could not be explained by the mere passage of time,
we replicated our findings in a fourth experiment in which
all 208 participants nominated a very negative event, but
only half the participants rated properties of their memory
in the first session. Implications for reducing the effects
of negative autobiographical memories are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10608-008-9226-6},
Key = {fds253731}
}
@article{fds253729,
Author = {Botzung, A and Labar, KS and Kragel, P and Miles, A and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Component Neural Systems for the Creation of Emotional
Memories during Free Viewing of a Complex, Real-World
Event.},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {34},
Publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {PMC2876881},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508750},
Abstract = {To investigate the neural systems that contribute to the
formation of complex, self-relevant emotional memories,
dedicated fans of rival college basketball teams watched a
competitive game while undergoing functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). During a subsequent recognition
memory task, participants were shown video clips depicting
plays of the game, stemming either from previously-viewed
game segments (targets) or from non-viewed portions of the
same game (foils). After an old-new judgment, participants
provided emotional valence and intensity ratings of the
clips. A data driven approach was first used to decompose
the fMRI signal acquired during free viewing of the game
into spatially independent components. Correlations were
then calculated between the identified components and
post-scanning emotion ratings for successfully encoded
targets. Two components were correlated with intensity
ratings, including temporal lobe regions implicated in
memory and emotional functions, such as the hippocampus and
amygdala, as well as a midline fronto-cingulo-parietal
network implicated in social cognition and self-relevant
processing. These data were supported by a general linear
model analysis, which revealed additional valence effects in
fronto-striatal-insular regions when plays were divided into
positive and negative events according to the fan's
perspective. Overall, these findings contribute to our
understanding of how emotional factors impact distributed
neural systems to successfully encode dynamic,
personally-relevant event sequences.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2010.00034},
Key = {fds253729}
}
@article{fds253717,
Author = {Rice, HJ and Rubin, DC},
Title = {I can see it both ways: first- and third-person visual
perspectives at retrieval.},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {877-890},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1053-8100},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10077 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The number of studies examining visual perspective during
retrieval has recently grown. However, the way in which
perspective has been conceptualized differs across studies.
Some studies have suggested perspective is experienced as
either a first-person or a third-person perspective, whereas
others have suggested both perspectives can be experienced
during a single retrieval attempt. This aspect of
perspective was examined across three studies, which used
different measurement techniques commonly used in studies of
perspective. Results suggest that individuals can experience
more than one perspective when recalling events.
Furthermore, the experience of the two perspectives
correlated differentially with ratings of vividness,
suggesting that the two perspectives should not be
considered in opposition of one another. We also found
evidence of a gender effect in the experience of
perspective, with females experiencing third-person
perspectives more often than males. Future studies should
allow for the experience of more than one perspective during
retrieval.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2009.07.004},
Key = {fds253717}
}
@article{fds253730,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Talarico, JM},
Title = {A comparison of dimensional models of emotion: evidence from
emotions, prototypical events, autobiographical memories,
and words.},
Volume = {17},
Number = {8},
Pages = {802-808},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {PMC2784275},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19691001},
Abstract = {The intensity and valence of 30 emotion terms, 30 events
typical of those emotions, and 30 autobiographical memories
cued by those emotions were each rated by different groups
of 40 undergraduates. A vector model gave a consistently
better account of the data than a circumplex model, both
overall and in the absence of high-intensity, neutral
valence stimuli. The Positive Activation - Negative
Activation (PANA) model could be tested at high levels of
activation, where it is identical to the vector model. The
results replicated when ratings of arousal were used instead
of ratings of intensity for the events and autobiographical
memories. A reanalysis of word norms gave further support
for the vector and PANA models by demonstrating that neutral
valence, high-arousal ratings resulted from the averaging of
individual positive and negative valence ratings. Thus,
compared to a circumplex model, vector and PANA models
provided overall better fits.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210903130764},
Key = {fds253730}
}
@article{fds253719,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D},
Title = {The frequency of voluntary and involuntary autobiographical
memories across the life span.},
Volume = {37},
Number = {5},
Pages = {679-688},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19487759},
Abstract = {In the present study, ratings of the memory of an important
event from the previous week on the frequency of voluntary
and involuntary retrieval, belief in its accuracy, visual
imagery, auditory imagery, setting, emotional intensity,
valence, narrative coherence, and centrality to the life
story were obtained from 988 adults whose ages ranged from
15 to over 90. Another 992 adults provided the same ratings
for a memory from their confirmation day, when they were at
about age 14. The frequencies of involuntary and voluntary
retrieval were similar. Both frequencies were predicted by
emotional intensity and centrality to the life story. The
results from the present study-which is the first to measure
the frequency of voluntary and involuntary retrieval for the
same events-are counter to both cognitive and clinical
theories, which consistently claim that involuntary memories
are infrequent as compared with voluntary memories. Age and
gender differences are noted.},
Doi = {10.3758/37.5.679},
Key = {fds253719}
}
@article{fds253701,
Author = {Talarico, JM and Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Positive emotions enhance recall of peripheral
details},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {380-398},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0269-9931},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10078 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Emotional arousal and negative affect enhance recall of
central aspects of an event. However, the role of discrete
emotions in selective memory processing is understudied.
Undergraduates were asked to recall and rate
autobiographical memories of eight emotional events. Details
of each memory were rated as central or peripheral to the
event. Significance of the event, vividness, reliving and
other aspects of remembering were also rated for each
memory. Positive affect enhanced recall of peripheral
details. Furthermore, the impairment of peripheral recall
was greatest in memories of anger, not of fear. Reliving the
experience at retrieval was negatively correlated with
recall of peripheral details for some emotions (e.g., anger)
but not others (e.g., fear), irrespective of similarities in
affect and intensity. Within individuals, recall of
peripheral details was correlated with less belief in the
memory's accuracy and more likelihood to recall the memory
from one's own eyes (i.e., a field perspective).},
Doi = {10.1080/02699930801993999},
Key = {fds253701}
}
@misc{fds253655,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Oral traditions as collective memories: Implications for a
general theory of individual and collective
memory},
Pages = {273-287},
Booktitle = {Memory in Mind and Culture},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {P. Boyer and J. Wertsch},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780521760782},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626999.017},
Abstract = {© Cambridge University Press 2009 and 2010. Historians are
interested in sites of memory, understood as places where
groups of people engage in public activity through which
they express “a collective shared knowledge … of the
past, on which a group's sense of unity and individuality is
based” (Assmann, 1995). The group that goes to such sites
inherits earlier meanings attached to the event, as well as
adding new meanings. Their activity is crucial to the
presentation and preservation of commemorative sites. When
such groups disperse or disappear, sites of memory lose
their initial force, and may fade away entirely. Thus,
historians are more interested in remembrance as a cultural
practice than in memory as an individual's capacity to
recall or reconfigure the past. The term, sites of memory,
abumbrated in a seven-volume study edited by Pierre Nora
(n.d.) has been extended to many different texts, from
legends, to stories, to concepts. In this brief essay, I
define the term more narrowly to mean physical sites where
commemorative acts take place. In the twentieth century,
most such sites marked the loss of life in war. It is these
sites that have attracted the attention of entire battalions
of historians in the past twenty-five years. What makes such
sites of memory attractive for historical research is their
character as topoi with a life history. They have an
initial, creative phase, when they are constructed or
adapted to particular commemorative purposes. Then follows a
period of institutionalization and routinization of their
use.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511626999.017},
Key = {fds253655}
}
@article{fds198585,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Berntsen, D. and Hutson, M.},
Title = {The normative and the personal life: Individual differences
in life scripts and life stories among U.S.A. and Danish
undergraduates.},
Journal = {Memory},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {54-68},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {PMC3042895},
Key = {fds198585}
}
@article{fds198587,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Berntsen, D.},
Title = {Most people who think that they are likely to enter
psychotherapy also think it is plausible that they could
have forgotten their own memories of childhood sexual
abuse.},
Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology},
Volume = {23},
Pages = {170-173},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {PMC2752902},
Key = {fds198587}
}
@article{fds157259,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Berntsen, D.},
Title = {The Frequency of Voluntary and Involuntary Autobiographical
Memories across the Lifespan},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157259}
}
@article{fds157261,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Talarico, J.M.},
Title = {A comparison of dimensional models of emotion: Evidence from
emotions, prototypical events, autobiographical memories,
and words},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds157261}
}
@misc{fds253661,
Author = {Talarico, JM and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Flashbulb memories result from ordinary memory processes and
extraordinary event characteristics},
Pages = {79-97},
Booktitle = {Flashbulb Memories: New Issues and New Perspectives},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Editor = {Luminet, O. and Curci, A. and Conway, M.A.},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
ISBN = {9780203889930},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203889930},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203889930},
Key = {fds253661}
}
@article{fds253740,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Boals, A and Berntsen, D},
Title = {Memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: properties of
voluntary and involuntary, traumatic and nontraumatic
autobiographical memories in people with and without
posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.},
Volume = {137},
Number = {4},
Pages = {591-614},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18999355},
Abstract = {One hundred fifteen undergraduates rated 15 word-cued
memories and their 3 most negatively stressful, 3 most
positive, and 7 most important events and completed tests of
personality and depression. Eighty-nine also recorded
involuntary memories online for 1 week. In the first 3-way
comparisons needed to test existing theories, comparisons
were made of memories of stressful events versus control
events and involuntary versus voluntary memories in people
high versus low in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptom severity. For all participants, stressful memories
had more emotional intensity, more frequent voluntary and
involuntary retrieval, but not more fragmentation. For all
memories, participants with greater PTSD symptom severity
showed the same differences. Involuntary memories had more
emotional intensity and less centrality to the life story
than voluntary memories. Meeting the diagnostic criteria for
traumatic events had no effect, but the emotional responses
to events did. In 533 undergraduates, correlations among
measures were replicated and the Negative Intensity factor
of the Affect Intensity Measure correlated with PTSD symptom
severity. No special trauma mechanisms were needed to
account for the results, which are summarized by the
autobiographical memory theory of PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0013165},
Key = {fds253740}
}
@article{fds253735,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D and Bohni, MK},
Title = {A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder:
evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD
diagnosis.},
Volume = {115},
Number = {4},
Pages = {985-1011},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18954211},
Abstract = {In the mnemonic model of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), the current memory of a negative event, not the
event itself, determines symptoms. The model is an
alternative to the current event-based etiology of PTSD
represented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric
Association, 2000). The model accounts for important and
reliable findings that are often inconsistent with the
current diagnostic view and that have been neglected by
theoretical accounts of the disorder, including the
following observations. The diagnosis needs objective
information about the trauma and peritraumatic emotions but
uses retrospective memory reports that can have substantial
biases. Negative events and emotions that do not satisfy the
current diagnostic criteria for a trauma can be followed by
symptoms that would otherwise qualify for PTSD. Predisposing
factors that affect the current memory have large effects on
symptoms. The inability-to-recall-an-important-aspect-of-the-trauma
symptom does not correlate with other symptoms. Loss or
enhancement of the trauma memory affects PTSD symptoms in
predictable ways. Special mechanisms that apply only to
traumatic memories are not needed, increasing parsimony and
the knowledge that can be applied to understanding
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0013397},
Key = {fds253735}
}
@article{fds253739,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC and Johansen, MK},
Title = {Contrasting Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Reply
to.},
Volume = {115},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1099-1106},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10082 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We address the four main points in Monroe and Mineka
(2008)'s Comment. First, we first show that the DSM PTSD
diagnosis includes an etiology and that it is based on a
theoretical model with a distinguished history in psychology
and psychiatry. Two tenets of this theoretical model are
that voluntary (strategic) recollections of the trauma are
fragmented and incomplete while involuntary (spontaneous)
recollections are vivid and persistent and yield privileged
access to traumatic material. Second, we describe
differences between our model and other cognitive models of
PTSD. We argue that these other models share the same two
tenets as the diagnosis and we show that these two tenets
are largely unsupported by empirical evidence. Third, we
counter arguments about the strength of the evidence
favoring the mnemonic model, and fourth, we show that
concerns about the causal role of memory in PTSD are based
on views of causality that are generally inappropriate for
the explanation of PTSD in the social and biological
sciences.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0013730},
Key = {fds253739}
}
@article{fds253718,
Author = {St, JP and Rubin, DC and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R},
Title = {The short and long of it: neural correlates of
temporal-order memory for autobiographical
events.},
Volume = {20},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1327-1341},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18284345},
Abstract = {Previous functional neuroimaging studies of temporal-order
memory have investigated memory for laboratory stimuli that
are causally unrelated and poor in sensory detail. In
contrast, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) study investigated temporal-order memory for
autobiographical events that were causally interconnected
and rich in sensory detail. Participants took photographs at
many campus locations over a period of several hours, and
the following day they were scanned while making
temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from
different locations. By manipulating the temporal lag
between the two locations in each trial, we compared the
neural correlates associated with reconstruction processes,
which we hypothesized depended on recollection and
contribute mainly to short lags, and distance processes,
which we hypothesized to depend on familiarity and
contribute mainly to longer lags. Consistent with our
hypotheses, parametric fMRI analyses linked shorter lags to
activations in regions previously associated with
recollection (left prefrontal, parahippocampal, precuneus,
and visual cortices), and longer lags with regions
previously associated with familiarity (right prefrontal
cortex). The hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal cortex
activity fits very well with evidence and theories regarding
the contributions of the left versus right prefrontal cortex
to memory (recollection vs. familiarity processes) and
cognition (systematic vs. heuristic processes). In sum,
using a novel photo-paradigm, this study provided the first
evidence regarding the neural correlates of temporal-order
for autobiographical events.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20091},
Key = {fds253718}
}
@article{fds253732,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D and Hutson, M},
Title = {The normative and personal life: Individual and cultural
differences in personal life stories and cultural life
scripts},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-68},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19105087},
Abstract = {Life scripts are culturally shared expectations about the
order and timing of life events in a prototypical life
course. American and Danish undergraduates produced life
story events and life scripts by listing the seven most
important events in their own lives and in the lives of
hypothetical people living ordinary lives. They also rated
their events on several scales and completed measures of
depression, PTSD symptoms, and centrality of a negative
event to their lives. The Danish life script replicated
earlier work; the American life script showed minor
differences from the Danish life script, apparently
reflecting genuine differences in shared events as well as
less homogeneity in the American sample. Both consisted of
mostly positive events that came disproportionately from
ages 15 to 30. Valence of life story events correlated with
life script valence, depression, PTSD symptoms, and
identity. In the Danish undergraduates, measures of life
story deviation from the life script correlated with
measures of depression and PTSD symptoms.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210802541442},
Key = {fds253732}
}
@article{fds253752,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The reappearance hypothesis revisited: recurrent involuntary
memories after traumatic events and in everyday
life.},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {449-460},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10088 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Recurrent involuntary memories are autobiographical memories
that come to mind with no preceding retrieval attempt and
that are subjectively experienced as being repetitive.
Clinically, they are classified as a symptom of
posttraumatic stress disorder. The present work is the first
to systematically examine recurrent involuntary memories
outside clinical settings. Study 1 examines recurrent
involuntary memories among survivors of the tsunami
catastrophe in Southeast Asia in 2004. Study 2 examines
recurrent involuntary memories in a large general
population. Study 3 examines whether the contents of
recurrent involuntary memories recorded in a diary study are
duplicates of, or differ from, one another. We show that
recurrent involuntary memories are not limited to clinical
populations or to emotionally negative experiences; that
they typically do not come to mind in a fixed and
unchangeable form; and that they show the same pattern
regarding accessibility as do autobiographical memories in
general. We argue that recurrent involuntary memories after
traumas and in everyday life can be explained in terms of
general and well-established mechanisms of autobiographical
memory.},
Doi = {10.3758/mc.36.2.449},
Key = {fds253752}
}
@article{fds253741,
Author = {Skotko, BG and Rubin, DC and Tupler, LA},
Title = {H.M.'s personal crossword puzzles: understanding memory and
language.},
Journal = {Memory},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-96},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18286414},
Abstract = {The amnesic patient H.M. has been solving crossword puzzles
nearly all his life. Here, we analysed the linguistic
content of 277 of H.M.'s crossword-puzzle solutions. H.M.
did not have any unusual difficulties with the orthographic
and grammatical components inherent to the puzzles. He
exhibited few spelling errors, responded with appropriate
parts of speech, and provided answers that were, at times,
more convincing to observers than those supplied by the
answer keys. These results suggest that H.M.'s lexical
word-retrieval skills remain fluid despite his profound
anterograde amnesia. Once acquired, the maintenance of
written language comprehension and production does not seem
to require intact medial temporal lobe structures.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210701864580},
Key = {fds253741}
}
@article{fds253736,
Author = {Daselaar, SM and Rice, HJ and Greenberg, DL and Cabeza, R and LaBar, KS and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The spatiotemporal dynamics of autobiographical memory:
neural correlates of recall, emotional intensity, and
reliving.},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {217-229},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548799},
Abstract = {We sought to map the time course of autobiographical memory
retrieval, including brain regions that mediate
phenomenological experiences of reliving and emotional
intensity. Participants recalled personal memories to
auditory word cues during event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants pressed a button when
a memory was accessed, maintained and elaborated the memory,
and then gave subjective ratings of emotion and reliving. A
novel fMRI approach based on timing differences capitalized
on the protracted reconstructive process of autobiographical
memory to segregate brain areas contributing to initial
access and later elaboration and maintenance of episodic
memories. The initial period engaged hippocampal,
retrosplenial, and medial and right prefrontal activity,
whereas the later period recruited visual, precuneus, and
left prefrontal activity. Emotional intensity ratings were
correlated with activity in several regions, including the
amygdala and the hippocampus during the initial period.
Reliving ratings were correlated with activity in visual
cortex and ventromedial and inferior prefrontal regions
during the later period. Frontopolar cortex was the only
brain region sensitive to emotional intensity across both
periods. Results were confirmed by time-locked averages of
the fMRI signal. The findings indicate dynamic recruitment
of emotion-, memory-, and sensory-related brain regions
during remembering and their dissociable contributions to
phenomenological features of the memories.},
Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhm048},
Key = {fds253736}
}
@article{fds157255,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Boals, A. and Berntsen, D.},
Title = {Memory in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Properties of
voluntary and involuntary, traumatic and non-traumatic
autobiographical memories in people with and without PTSD
symptoms},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General},
Number = {137},
Pages = {591-614},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds157255}
}
@article{fds253734,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Mix levels of analysis with care; genres not at
all},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {66-71},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds253734}
}
@article{fds253737,
Author = {Boals, A and Rubin, DC and Klein, K},
Title = {Memory and coping with stress: the relationship between
cognitive-emotional distinctiveness, memory valence, and
distress.},
Volume = {16},
Number = {6},
Pages = {637-657},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10083 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Cognitive-emotional distinctiveness (CED), the extent to
which an individual separates emotions from an event in the
cognitive representation of the event, was explored in four
studies. CED was measured using a modified multidimensional
scaling procedure. The first study found that lower levels
of CED in memories of the September 11 terrorist attacks
predicted greater frequency of intrusive thoughts about the
attacks. The second study revealed that CED levels are
higher in negative events, in comparison to positive events
and that low CED levels in emotionally intense negative
events are associated with a pattern of greater
event-related distress. The third study replicated the
findings from the previous study when examining CED levels
in participants' memories of the 2004 Presidential election.
The fourth study revealed that low CED in emotionally
intense negative events is associated with worse mental
health. We argue that CED is an adaptive and healthy coping
feature of stressful memories.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210802083098},
Key = {fds253737}
}
@article{fds253738,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC and Bohni, MK},
Title = {Postscript: Evidence and counterevidence},
Volume = {115},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1106-1107},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10086 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.115.4.1106},
Key = {fds253738}
}
@misc{fds302144,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D},
Title = {How Memory for Stressful Events affects Identity},
Pages = {118-129},
Booktitle = {Self Psychology: An approach to cognitive
psychology},
Publisher = {Kaneko Shobo},
Editor = {Naka, M and Yamashita, K},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds302144}
}
@article{fds253743,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D},
Title = {People believe it is plausible to have forgotten memories of
childhood sexual abuse.},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {776-778},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1069-9384},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17972748},
Abstract = {Pezdek, Blandon-Gitlin, and Gabbay (2006) found that
perceptions of the plausibility of events increase the
likelihood that imagination may induce false memories of
those events. Using a survey conducted by Gallup, we asked a
large sample of the general population how plausible it
would be for a person with longstanding emotional problems
and a need for psychotherapy to be a victim of childhood
sexual abuse, even though the person could not remember the
abuse. Only 18% indicated that it was implausible or very
implausible, whereas 67% indicated that such an occurrence
was either plausible or very plausible. Combined with Pezdek
et al.s' findings, and counter to their conclusions, our
findings imply that there is a substantial danger of
inducing false memories of childhood sexual abuse through
imagination in psychotherapy.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03196836},
Key = {fds253743}
}
@article{fds253745,
Author = {Talarico, JM and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Flashbulb memories are special after all; in phenomenology,
not accuracy},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {557-578},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0888-4080},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10092 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Consistency of flashbulb memories (FBMs) of the 11th
September terrorist attacks and of everyday memories (EDMs)
of the preceding weekend do not differ, in both cases
declining over the following year for a group of Duke
University undergraduates. However, ratings of recollection,
vividness and other phenomenological properties were
consistently higher for FBMs than for EDMs across time.
Belief in the accuracy of memory was initially high for both
memories, but declined over time only for EDMs. These
findings confirm that FBMs are not extraordinarily accurate,
but they may systematically differ from EDMs in other
meaningful ways. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.1293},
Key = {fds253745}
}
@article{fds253746,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schrauf, RW and Gulgoz, S and Naka,
M},
Title = {Cross-cultural variability of component processes in
autobiographical remembering: Japan, Turkey, and the
USA.},
Volume = {15},
Number = {5},
Pages = {536-547},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10093 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Although the underlying mechanics of autobiographical memory
may be identical across cultures, the processing of
information differs. Undergraduates from Japan, Turkey, and
the USA rated 30 autobiographical memories on 15
phenomenological and cognitive properties. Mean values were
similar across cultures, with means from the Japanese sample
being lower on most measures but higher on belief in the
accuracy of their memories. Correlations within individuals
were also similar across cultures, with correlations from
the Turkish sample being higher between measures of language
and measures of recollection and belief. For all three
cultures, in multiple regression analyses, measures of
recollection were predicted by visual imagery, auditory
imagery, and emotions, whereas measures of belief were
predicted by knowledge of the setting. These results show
subtle cultural differences in the experience of
remembering.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210701332679},
Key = {fds253746}
}
@misc{fds253662,
Author = {Davis, M and Loftus, EF and Rubin, DC and Wixted,
JT},
Title = {Forgetting},
Pages = {315-337},
Booktitle = {Science of Memory: Concepts},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9780195310443},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310443.003.0015},
Abstract = {© 2007 by Henry L. Roediger III, Yadin Dudai, and Susan M.
Fitzpatrick. All rights reserved. This part presents four
chapters on the concept of forgetting. The first chapter
analyzes the term "forgetting". The second discusses the
impact of misinformation on the ability to remember previous
event details. The third considers whether forgetting is a
useful concept in the science of memory. It argues that it
is not an especially useful in terms of what it denotes, but
that what it connotes needs to be kept. The fourth presents
a synthesis of the chapters in this part.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310443.003.0015},
Key = {fds253662}
}
@article{fds253742,
Author = {Berntse, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {When a trauma becomes a key to identity: Enhanced
integration of trauma memories predicts posttraumatic stress
disorder symptoms},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {417-431},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0888-4080},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10095 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) measures the extent to
which a traumatic memory forms a central component of
personnal identity, a turning point in the life story and a
reference point for everyday inferences. In two studies, we
show that the CES is positively correlated with severity of
PTSD symptoms, even when controlling for measures of
anxiety, depression, dissociation and self-consciousness.
The findings contradict the widespread view that poor
integration of the traumatic memory into one's life story is
a main cause of PTSD symptoms. Instead, enhanced integration
appears to be a key issue. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.1290},
Key = {fds253742}
}
@misc{fds157206,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Forgetting: Its role in the science of memory},
Pages = {325-328},
Booktitle = {Science of memory: Concepts},
Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
Editor = {H.L. Roediger, III and Y. Dudai and S.M. Fitzpatrick},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds157206}
}
@misc{fds157207,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Autobiographical memory and aging},
Booktitle = {Cognitive aging: A primer. Second edition},
Publisher = {New York: Psychology Press},
Editor = {D.C. Park and N. Schwartz},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds157207}
}
@article{fds253748,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The Basic-Systems Model of Episodic Memory.},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {277-311},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1745-6916},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000207450200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Behavior, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging suggest that
episodic memories are constructed from interactions among
the following basic systems: vision, audition, olfaction,
other senses, spatial imagery, language, emotion, narrative,
motor output, explicit memory, and search and retrieval.
Each system has its own well-documented functions, neural
substrates, processes, structures, and kinds of schemata.
However, the systems have not been considered as interacting
components of episodic memory, as is proposed here.
Autobiographical memory and oral traditions are used to
demonstrate the usefulness of the basic-systems model in
accounting for existing data and predicting novel findings,
and to argue that the model, or one similar to it, is the
only way to understand episodic memory for complex stimuli
routinely encountered outside the laboratory.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00017.x},
Key = {fds253748}
}
@article{fds253749,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Emotion and vantage point in autobiographical},
Volume = {20},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1193-1215},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0269-9931},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10098 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Autobiographical memories may be recalled from two different
perspectives: Field memories in which the person seems to
remember the scene from his/her original point of view and
observer memories in which the rememberer sees him/herself
in the memory image. Here, 122 undergraduates participated
in an experiment examining the relation between field vs.
observer perspective in memory for 10 different emotional
states, including both positive and negative emotions and
emotions associated with high vs. low intensity. Observer
perspective was associated with reduced sensory and
emotional reliving across all emotions. This effect was
observed for naturally occurring memory perspective and when
participants were instructed to change their perspective
from field to observer, but not when participants were
instructed to change perspective from observer to
field.},
Doi = {10.1080/02699930500371190},
Key = {fds253749}
}
@article{fds253747,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D},
Title = {People over forty feel 20% younger than their age:
subjective age across the lifespan.},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {776-780},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1069-9384},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17328372},
Abstract = {Subjective age--the age people think of themselves
asbeing--is measured in a representative Danish sample of
1,470 adults between 20 and 97 years of age through
personal, in-home interviews. On the average, adults younger
than 25 have older subjective ages, and those older than 25
have younger subjective ages, favoring a
lifespan-developmental view over an age-denial view of
subjective age. When the discrepancy between subjective and
chronological age is calculated as a proportion of
chronological age, no increase is seen after age 40; older
respondents feel 20% younger than their actual age.
Demographic variables (gender, income, and education)
account for very little variance in subjective
age.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03193996},
Key = {fds253747}
}
@article{fds253753,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Flashbulb memories and posttraumatic stress reactions across
the life span: age-related effects of the German occupation
of Denmark during World War II.},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {127-139},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10099 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A representative sample of older Danes were interviewed
about experiences from the German occupation of Denmark in
World War II. The number of participants with flashbulb
memories for the German invasion (1940) and capitulation
(1945) increased with participants' age at the time of the
events up to age 8. Among participants under 8 years at the
time of their most traumatic event, age at the time
correlated positively with the current level of
posttraumatic stress reactions and the vividness of
stressful memories and their centrality to life story and
identity. These findings were replicated in Study 2 for
self-nominated stressful events sampled from the entire life
span using a representative sample of Danes born after 1945.
The results are discussed in relation to posttraumatic
stress disorder and childhood amnesia.},
Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.127},
Key = {fds253753}
}
@article{fds253750,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The centrality of event scale: a measure of integrating a
trauma into one's identity and its relation to
post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2},
Pages = {219-231},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10104 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We introduce a new scale that measures how central an event
is to a person's identity and life story. For the most
stressful or traumatic event in a person's life, the full
20-item Centrality of Event Scale (CES) and the short 7-item
scale are reliable (alpha's of .94 and .88, respectively) in
a sample of 707 undergraduates. The scale correlates .38
with PTSD symptom severity and .23 with depression. The
present findings are discussed in relation to previous work
on individual differences related to PTSD symptoms. Possible
connections between the CES and measures of maladaptive
attributions and rumination are considered along with
suggestions for future research.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.009},
Key = {fds253750}
}
@article{fds253698,
Author = {Sheen, M and Kemp, S and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Disputes over memory ownership: What memories are
disputed?},
Volume = {5 Suppl 1},
Pages = {9-13},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1601-1848},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10097 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The ownership of memories is sometimes disputed,
particularly by twins. Examination of 77 disputed memories,
71 provided by twins, showed that most of the remembered
events are negative and that the disputants appear to be
self-serving. They claim for themselves memories for
achievements and suffered misfortunes but are more likely to
give away memories of personal wrongdoing. The research
suggests that some of the memories in which we play a
leading role might in fact have been the experiences of
others.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00189.x},
Key = {fds253698}
}
@article{fds253757,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {A basic-systems approach to autobiographical
memory},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {79-83},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10105 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Memory for complex everyday events involving vision,
hearing, smell, emotion, narrative, and language cannot be
understood without considering the properties of the
separate systems that process and store each of these forms
of information. Using this premise as a starting point, my
colleagues and I found that visual memory plays a central
role in autobiographical memory: The strength of
recollection of an event is predicted best by the vividness
of its visual imagery, and a loss of visual memory causes a
general amnesia. Examination of autobiographical memories in
individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
suggests that the lack of coherence often noted in memories
of traumatic events is not due to a lack of coherence either
of the memory itself or of the narrative that integrates the
memory into the life story. Rather, making the traumatic
memory central to the life story correlates positively with
increased PTSD symptoms. The basic-systems approach has
yielded insights into autobiographical memory's
phenomenology, neuropsychology, clinical disorders, and
neural basis. Copyright © 2005 American Psychological
Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00339.x},
Key = {fds253757}
}
@article{fds253760,
Author = {Bluck, S and Alea, N and Habermas, T and Rubin, DC},
Title = {A tale of three functions: The self-reported uses of
autobiographical memory},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-117},
Publisher = {Guilford Publications},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0278-016X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10106 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Theories hold that autobiographical memory serves several
broad functions (directive, self, and social). In the
current study, items were derived from the theoretical
literature to create the Thinking About Life Experiences
(TALE) questionnaire to empirically assess these three
functions. Participants (N = 167) completed the TALE. To
examine convergent validity, they also rated their overall
tendency to think about and to talk about the past and
completed the Reminiscence Functions Scale (Webster, 1997).
The results lend support to the existence of these
theoretical functions, but also offer room for refinements
in future thinking about both the breadth and specificity of
the functions that autobiographical memory
serves.},
Doi = {10.1521/soco.23.1.91.59198},
Key = {fds253760}
}
@article{fds253758,
Author = {Greenberg, DL and Rice, HJ and Cooper, JJ and Cabeza, R and Rubin, DC and Labar, KS},
Title = {Co-activation of the amygdala, hippocampus and inferior
frontal gyrus during autobiographical memory
retrieval.},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {659-674},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15721179},
Abstract = {Functional MRI was used to investigate the role of medial
temporal lobe and inferior frontal lobe regions in
autobiographical recall. Prior to scanning, participants
generated cue words for 50 autobiographical memories and
rated their phenomenological properties using our
autobiographical memory questionnaire (AMQ). During
scanning, the cue words were presented and participants
pressed a button when they retrieved the associated memory.
The autobiographical retrieval task was interleaved in an
event-related design with a semantic retrieval task
(category generation). Region-of-interest analyses showed
greater activation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and right
inferior frontal gyrus during autobiographical retrieval
relative to semantic retrieval. In addition, the left
inferior frontal gyrus showed a more prolonged duration of
activation in the semantic retrieval condition. A targeted
correlational analysis revealed pronounced functional
connectivity among the amygdala, hippocampus, and right
inferior frontal gyrus during autobiographical retrieval but
not during semantic retrieval. These results support
theories of autobiographical memory that hypothesize
co-activation of frontotemporal areas during recollection of
episodes from the personal past.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.002},
Key = {fds253758}
}
@article{fds253759,
Author = {Greenberg, DL and Eacott, MJ and Brechin, D and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Visual memory loss and autobiographical amnesia: a case
study.},
Volume = {43},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1493-1502},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15989939},
Abstract = {Amnesia typically results from trauma to the medial temporal
regions that coordinate activation among the disparate areas
of cortex that represent the information that make up
autobiographical memories. We proposed that amnesia should
also result from damage to these regions, particularly
regions that subserve long-term visual memory [Rubin, D. C.,
& Greenberg, D. L. (1998). Visual memory-deficit amnesia: A
distinct amnesic presentation and etiology. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 95, 5413-5416].
We previously found 11 such cases in the literature, and all
11 had amnesia. We now present a detailed investigation of
one of these patients. M.S. suffers from long-term visual
memory loss along with some semantic deficits; he also
manifests a severe retrograde amnesia and moderate
anterograde amnesia. The presentation of his amnesia differs
from that of the typical medial-temporal or lateral-temporal
amnesic; we suggest that his visual deficits may be
contributing to his autobiographical amnesia.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.009},
Key = {fds253759}
}
@misc{fds302145,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Wenzel, A},
Title = {Autobiographical memory tasks: Six common
methods},
Pages = {215-217},
Booktitle = {Cognitive methods and their application to clinical
research},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association Press},
Editor = {Wenzel, A and Rubin, DC},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds302145}
}
@misc{fds302146,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Autobiographical memory tasks in cognitive
research},
Pages = {219-241},
Booktitle = {Cognitive methods and their application to clinical
research},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association Press},
Editor = {Wenzel, A and Rubin, DC},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds302146}
}
@book{fds309885,
Title = {Cognitive Methods and Their Application to Clinical
Research},
Pages = {289 pages},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association Press},
Editor = {Wenzel, A and Rubin, DC},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds309885}
}
@article{fds253704,
Author = {Cabeza, R and Prince, SE and Daselaar, SM and Greenberg, DL and Budde,
M and Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Brain activity during episodic retrieval of autobiographical
and laboratory events: an fMRI study using a novel photo
paradigm.},
Volume = {16},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1583-1594},
Publisher = {MIT Press - Journals},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622612},
Abstract = {Functional neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval
generally measure brain activity while participants remember
items encountered in the laboratory ("controlled laboratory
condition") or events from their own life ("open
autobiographical condition"). Differences in activation
between these conditions may reflect differences in
retrieval processes, memory remoteness, emotional content,
retrieval success, self-referential processing,
visual/spatial memory, and recollection. To clarify the
nature of these differences, a functional MRI study was
conducted using a novel "photo paradigm," which allows
greater control over the autobiographical condition,
including a measure of retrieval accuracy. Undergraduate
students took photos in specified campus locations
("controlled autobiographical condition"), viewed in the
laboratory similar photos taken by other participants
(controlled laboratory condition), and were then scanned
while recognizing the two kinds of photos. Both conditions
activated a common episodic memory network that included
medial temporal and prefrontal regions. Compared with the
controlled laboratory condition, the controlled
autobiographical condition elicited greater activity in
regions associated with self-referential processing (medial
prefrontal cortex), visual/spatial memory (visual and
parahippocampal regions), and recollection (hippocampus).
The photo paradigm provides a way of investigating the
functional neuroanatomy of real-life episodic memory under
rigorous experimental control.},
Doi = {10.1162/0898929042568578},
Key = {fds253704}
}
@article{fds253763,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Siegler, IC},
Title = {Facets of personality and the phenomenology of
autobiographical memory},
Volume = {18},
Number = {7},
Pages = {913-930},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10114 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The relationship between individual differences in
autobiographical memory and personality was examined by
having 118 undergraduates complete the NEO Personality
Inventory after rating 15 word-cued autobiographical
memories on 20 scales. The Openness to Feelings facet (O3)
correlated with measures of belief in the accuracy of
memories, recollection, sensory imagery and emotion. Four
other facets had correlations with belief (A3 - Altruism, E1
- Warmth, E4 - Activity, E6 - Positive Emotions). These
facets also deal with emotional components of personality.
In multiple regressions, measures of belief and measures of
recollection were predicted by different variables, and for
measures of belief, the O3 facet increased the variance
accounted for beyond that of just the cognitive variables.
Our results are consistent with and extend studies of the
effects of depression and emotional suppression on
autobiographical memory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.1038},
Key = {fds253763}
}
@article{fds253756,
Author = {Talarico, JM and LaBar, KS and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory
experience.},
Volume = {32},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1118-1132},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813494},
Abstract = {College students generated autobiographical memories from
distinct emotional categories that varied in valence
(positive vs. negative) and intensity (high vs. low). They
then rated various perceptual, cognitive, and emotional
properties for each memory. The distribution of these
emotional memories favored a vector model over a circumplex
model. For memories of all specific emotions, intensity
accounted for significantly more variance in
autobiographical memory characteristics than did valence or
age of the memory. In two additional experiments, we
examined multiple memories of emotions of high intensity and
positive or negative valence and of positive valence and
high or low intensity. Intensity was a more consistent
predictor of autobiographical memory properties than was
valence or the age of the memory in these experiments as
well. The general effects of emotion on autobiographical
memory properties are due primarily to intensity differences
in emotional experience, not to benefits or detriments
associated with a specific valence.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03196886},
Key = {fds253756}
}
@article{fds253761,
Author = {Skotko, BG and Kensinger, EA and Locascio, JJ and Einstein, G and Rubin,
DC and Tupler, LA and Krendl, A and Corkin, S},
Title = {Puzzling thoughts for H. M.: can new semantic information be
anchored to old semantic memories?},
Journal = {Neuropsychology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {756-769},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0894-4105},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15506844},
Abstract = {Researchers currently debate whether new semantic knowledge
can be learned and retrieved despite extensive damage to
medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. The authors explored
whether H. M., a patient with amnesia, could acquire new
semantic information in the context of his lifelong hobby of
solving crossword puzzles. First, H. M. was tested on a
series of word-skills tests believed important in solving
crosswords. He also completed 3 new crosswords: 1 puzzle
testing pre-1953 knowledge, another testing post-1953
knowledge, and another combining the 2 by giving
postoperative semantic clues for preoperative answers. From
the results, the authors concluded that H. M. can acquire
new semantic knowledge, at least temporarily, when he can
anchor it to mental representations established
preoperatively.},
Doi = {10.1037/0894-4105.18.4.756},
Key = {fds253761}
}
@article{fds253765,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Cultural life scripts structure recall from autobiographical
memory.},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {427-442},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2004},
Month = {April},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10111 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Three classes of evidence demonstrate the existence of life
scripts, or culturally shared representations of the timing
of major transitional life events. First, a reanalysis of
earlier studies on age norms shows an increase in the number
of transitional events between the ages of 15 and 30 years,
and these events are associated with narrower age ranges and
more positive emotion than events outside this period.
Second, 1,485 Danes estimated how old hypothetical
centenarians were when they had been happiest, saddest, most
afraid, most in love, and had their most important and most
traumatic experiences. Only the number of positive events
showed an increase between the ages of 15 and 30 years.
Third, undergraduates generated seven important events that
were likely to occur in the life of a newborn. Pleasantness
and whether events were expected to occur between the ages
of 15 and 30 years predicted how frequently events were
recorded. Life scripts provide an alternative explanation of
the reminiscence bump. Emphasis is on culture, not
individuals.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03195836},
Key = {fds253765}
}
@article{fds253786,
Author = {Wenzel, A and Pinna, K and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Autobiographical memories of anxiety-related
experiences.},
Volume = {42},
Number = {3},
Pages = {329-341},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10109 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Ninety-nine undergraduate students retrieved three memories
associated with each of the five emotional experiences:
panic, trauma, worry, social anxiety, and feeling content.
Subsequently, they answered 24 questions assessing
properties of each memory, including the vividness and
perceived accuracy of the memories and sensory, emotional,
and anxiety-related experiences during retrieval. Memories
were coded for affective tone and specificity. Results
indicated that panic-related and trauma-related memories
were rated similarly as content memories, but that they
generally were associated with more imagery and emotional
experiencing than worry-related or social anxiety-related
memories. Participants experienced panic and worry symptoms
to the greatest degree when they retrieved panic-related and
trauma-related memories. All anxiety-related memories were
characterized by more negative tone than content memories.
Panic-related and trauma-related memories were more specific
than worry-related, social anxiety-related, and content
memories. These findings can explain partially why
individuals with some, but not all, anxiety disorders
experience enhanced memory for threatening
material.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00142-6},
Key = {fds253786}
}
@article{fds253844,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Feldman, ME and Beckham, JC},
Title = {Reliving, emotions, and fragmentation in the
autobiographical memories of veterans diagnosed with
PTSD},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {17-35},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10123 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Fifty veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) each recalled four autobiographical memories: one
from the 2 years before service, one non-combat memory from
the time in service, one from combat, and one from service
that had often come as an intrusive memory. For each memory,
they provided 21 ratings about reliving, belief, sensory
properties, reexperiencing emotions, visceral emotional
responses, fragmentation, and narrative coherence. We used
these ratings to examine three claims about traumatic
memories: a separation of cognitive and visceral aspects of
emotion, an increased sense of reliving, and increased
fragmentation. There was evidence for a partial separation
of cognitive judgments of reexperiencing an emotion and
reports of visceral symptoms of the emotion, with visceral
symptoms correlating more consistently with scores on PTSD
tests. Reliving, but not fragmentation of the memories,
increased with increases in the trauma relatedness of the
event and with increases in scores on standardized tests of
PTSD severity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.950},
Key = {fds253844}
}
@article{fds253762,
Author = {Schrauf, RW and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The ‘language’ and ‘feel’ of bilingual memory:
Mnemonic traces},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {21-39},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds253762}
}
@article{fds253785,
Author = {Greenberg, DL and Rubin, DC and Schrauf, RW},
Title = {Stability in autobiographical memories},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {712-721},
Year = {2004},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10115 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds253785}
}
@article{fds253755,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Burt, CDB and Fifield, SJ},
Title = {Experimental manipulations of the phenomenology of
memory.},
Volume = {31},
Number = {6},
Pages = {877-886},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651296},
Abstract = {We investigated the effects of visual input at encoding and
retrieval on the phenomenology of memory. In Experiment 1,
participants took part in events with and without wearing
blindfolds, and later were shown a video of the events.
Blindfolding, as well as later viewing of the video, both
tended to decrease recollection. In Experiment 2,
participants were played videos, with and without the visual
component, of events involving other people. Events listened
to without visual input were recalled with less
recollection; later adding of the visual component increased
recollection. In Experiment 3, participants were provided
with progressively more information about events that they
had experienced, either in the form of photographs that they
had taken of the events or narrative descriptions of those
photographs. In comparison with manipulations at encoding,
the addition of more visual or narrative cues at recall had
similar but smaller effects on recollection.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03196442},
Key = {fds253755}
}
@article{fds253787,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schrauf, RW and Greenberg, DL},
Title = {Belief and recollection of autobiographical
memories.},
Volume = {31},
Number = {6},
Pages = {887-901},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651297},
Abstract = {In three experiments, undergraduates rated autobiographical
memories on scales derived from existing theories of memory.
In multiple regression analyses, ratings of the degree to
which subjects recollected (i.e., relived) their memories
were predicted by visual imagery, auditory imagery, and
emotions, whereas ratings of belief in the accuracy of their
memories were predicted by knowledge of the setting.
Recollection was predicted equally well in between- and
within-subjects analyses, but belief consistently had
smaller correlations and multiple regression predictions
between subjects; individual differences in the cognitive
scales that we measured could not account well for
individual differences in belief. In contrast, measures of
mood (Beck Depression Index) and dissociation (Dissociative
Experience Scale) added predictive value for belief, but not
for recollection. We also found that highly relived memories
almost always had strong visual images and that
remember/know judgments made on autobiographical memories
were more closely related to belief than to
recollection.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03196443},
Key = {fds253787}
}
@article{fds253832,
Author = {Greenberg, DL and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The neuropsychology of autobiographical memory.},
Volume = {39},
Number = {4-5},
Pages = {687-728},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0010-9452},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14584549},
Abstract = {This special issue of Cortex focuses on the relative
contribution of different neural networks to memory and the
interaction of 'core' memory processes with other cognitive
processes. In this article, we examine both. Specifically,
we identify cognitive processes other than encoding and
retrieval that are thought to be involved in memory; we then
examine the consequences of damage to brain regions that
support these processes. This approach forces a
consideration of the roles of brain regions outside of the
frontal, medial-temporal, and diencephalic regions that form
a central part of neurobiological theories of memory.
Certain kinds of damage to visual cortex or lateral temporal
cortex produced impairments of visual imagery or semantic
memory; these patterns of impairment are associated with a
unique pattern of amnesia that was distinctly different from
the pattern associated with medial-temporal trauma. On the
other hand, damage to language regions, auditory cortex, or
parietal cortex produced impairments of language, auditory
imagery, or spatial imagery; however, these impairments were
not associated with amnesia. Therefore, a full model of
autobiographical memory must consider cognitive processes
that are not generally considered 'core processes,' as well
as the brain regions upon which these processes
depend.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70860-8},
Key = {fds253832}
}
@article{fds253841,
Author = {Talarico, JM and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb
memories.},
Volume = {14},
Number = {5},
Pages = {455-461},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12930476},
Abstract = {On September 12, 2001, 54 Duke students recorded their
memory of first hearing about the terrorist attacks of
September 11 and of a recent everyday event. They were
tested again either 1, 6, or 32 weeks later. Consistency for
the flashbulb and everyday memories did not differ, in both
cases declining over time. However, ratings of vividness,
recollection, and belief in the accuracy of memory declined
only for everyday memories. Initial visceral emotion ratings
correlated with later belief in accuracy, but not
consistency, for flashbulb memories. Initial visceral
emotion ratings predicted later posttraumatic stress
disorder symptoms. Flashbulb memories are not special in
their accuracy, as previously claimed, but only in their
perceived accuracy.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.02453},
Key = {fds253841}
}
@article{fds304737,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Willert, M and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Splintered memories or vivid landmarks? Qualities and
organization of traumatic memories with and without
PTSD},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {675-693},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10124 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {One hundred and eighty-one students answered a standardized
questionnaire on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): 25
reported trauma(s) and indicated a pattern of after-effects
that matched a PTSD symptom profile, whereas 88 indicated
trauma(s) but no PTSD symptom profile. Both groups answered
a questionnaire addressing the recollective quality,
integration and coherence of the traumatic memory that
currently affected them most. Participants with a PTSD
symptom profile reported more vivid recollection of emotion
and sensory impressions. They reported more observer
perspective in the memory (seeing themselves 'from the
outside'), but no more fragmentation. They also agreed more
with the statement that the trauma had become part of their
identity, and perceived more thematic connections between
the trauma and current events in their lives. The two groups
showed different patterns of correlations which indicated
different coping styles. Overall, the findings suggest that
traumas form dysfunctional reference points for the
organization of other personal memories in people with PTSD
symptoms, leading to fluctuations between vivid intrusions
and avoidance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.894},
Key = {fds304737}
}
@misc{fds347788,
Author = {Rubin, D and Greenberg, DL},
Title = {The role of narrative in recollection: A view from cognitive
and neuropsychology.},
Booktitle = {Narrative and Consciousness: Literature, Psychology, and the
Brain},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press.},
Editor = {G. Fireman and T. McVay and O. Flanagan},
Year = {2003},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds347788}
}
@misc{fds253660,
Author = {Schrauf, RW and Rubin, DC},
Title = {On the bilingual's two sets of memories},
Pages = {121-145},
Booktitle = {Autobiographical Memory and the Construction of a Narrative
Self: Developmental and Cultural Perspectives},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {R. Fivush and C. Haden},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {141060747X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410607478},
Doi = {10.4324/9781410607478},
Key = {fds253660}
}
@article{fds253842,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D},
Title = {Life scripts help to maintain autobiographical memories of
highly positive, but not highly negative,
events.},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-14},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12699138},
Abstract = {A representative sample of 1,307 respondents between the
ages of 20 and 94 was asked how old they were when they felt
most afraid, most proud, most jealous, most in love, and
most angry. They were also asked when they had experienced
their most important event and whether this event was
positive or negative. In general, there was a reminiscence
"bump" for positive but not negative events. To provide data
on life scripts, 87 psychology students answered the same
questions for a hypothetical 70-year-old. The undergraduates
were more confident in dating positive than in dating
negative events, and when they were confident, the
distribution of responses predicted the survey data. The
results support the idea of culturally shared life scripts
for positive but not negative events, which structure
retrieval processes and spaced practice.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03196077},
Key = {fds253842}
}
@article{fds253843,
Author = {Fromholt, P and Mortensen, DB and Torpdahl, P and Bender, L and Larsen,
P and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Life-narrative and word-cued autobiographical memories in
centenarians: comparisons with 80-year-old control,
depressed, and dementia groups.},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {81-88},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10121 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Centenarians provided autobiographical memories to either a
request for a life narrative or a request to produce
autobiographical memories to cue words. Both methods
produced distributions with childhood-amnesia,
reminiscence-bump, and recency components. The
life-narrative method produced relatively more bump memories
at the expense of recent memories. The life-narrative
distributions were similar to those obtained from
80-year-old adults without clinical symptoms and from
80-year-old Alzheimer's dementia and depression patients,
except that the centenarians had an additional 20-year
period of relatively low recall between the bump and recency
components. The centenarians produced more emotionally
neutral memories than the other three groups and produced
fewer and less detailed memories than the non-clinical
80-year-old sample.},
Doi = {10.1080/741938171},
Key = {fds253843}
}
@misc{fds26253,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Autobiographical Memory},
Series = {Volume 1},
Pages = {286-289},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science},
Publisher = {London: Nature Publishing Group},
Editor = {L. Nadel},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds26253}
}
@article{fds26388,
Author = {Greenberg, D.L. and Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {The neuropsychology of autobiographical memory},
Journal = {Cortex},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {687-728},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds26388}
}
@article{fds253793,
Author = {SCHULKIND, MD and POSNER, RJ and RUBIN, DC},
Title = {Musical features that facilitate melody identification: How
do you know it's "your" song when they finally play
it?},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {217-249},
Publisher = {University of California Press},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0730-7829},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000186992000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1525/mp.2003.21.2.217},
Key = {fds253793}
}
@article{fds253744,
Author = {Berntsen, D and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Emotionally charged autobiographical memories across the
life span: the recall of happy, sad, traumatic, and
involuntary memories.},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {636-652},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.636},
Abstract = {A sample of 1,241 respondents between 20 and 93 years old
were asked their age in their happiest, saddest, most
traumatic, most important memory, and most recent
involuntary memory. For older respondents, there was a clear
bump in the 20s for the most important and happiest
memories. In contrast, saddest and most traumatic memories
showed a monotonically decreasing retention function. Happy
involuntary memories were over twice as common as unhappy
ones, and only happy involuntary memories showed a bump in
the 20s. Life scripts favoring positive events in young
adulthood can account for the findings. Standard accounts of
the bump need to be modified, for example, by repression or
reduced rehearsal of negative events due to life change or
social censure.},
Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.636},
Key = {fds253744}
}
@article{fds253823,
Author = {Due, DL and Huettel, SA and Hall, WG and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Activation in mesolimbic and visuospatial neural circuits
elicited by smoking cues: evidence from functional magnetic
resonance imaging.},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {159},
Number = {6},
Pages = {954-960},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042183},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to increase understanding of
the brain mechanisms involved in cigarette addiction by
identifying neural substrates modulated by visual smoking
cues in nicotine-deprived smokers. METHOD: Event-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to
detect brain activation after exposure to smoking-related
images in a group of nicotine-deprived smokers and a
nonsmoking comparison group. Subjects viewed a pseudo-random
sequence of smoking images, neutral nonsmoking images, and
rare targets (photographs of animals). Subjects pressed a
button whenever a rare target appeared. RESULTS: In smokers,
the fMRI signal was greater after exposure to
smoking-related images than after exposure to neutral images
in mesolimbic dopamine reward circuits known to be activated
by addictive drugs (right posterior amygdala, posterior
hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and medial thalamus) as
well as in areas related to visuospatial attention
(bilateral prefrontal and parietal cortex and right fusiform
gyrus). In nonsmokers, no significant differences in fMRI
signal following exposure to smoking-related and neutral
images were detected. In most regions studied, both subject
groups showed greater activation following presentation of
rare target images than after exposure to neutral images.
CONCLUSIONS: In nicotine-deprived smokers, both reward and
attention circuits were activated by exposure to
smoking-related images. Smoking cues are processed like rare
targets in that they activate attentional regions. These
cues are also processed like addictive drugs in that they
activate mesolimbic reward regions.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.954},
Key = {fds253823}
}
@article{fds253838,
Author = {Zervakis, J and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Production and recognition bias of stylistic sentences using
a story reading task.},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {107-130},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0090-6905},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12022791},
Abstract = {Four experiments examined participants' ability to produce
surface characteristics of sentences using an on-line story
reading task. Participants read a series of stories in which
either all, or the majority of sentences were written in the
same "style," or surface form. Twice per story, participants
were asked to fill in a blank consistent with the story. For
sentences that contained three stylistic regularities,
participants imitated either all three characteristics
(Experiment 2) or two of the three characteristics
(Experiment 1), depending on the proportion of in-style
sentences. Participants demonstrated a recognition bias for
the read style in an unannounced recognition task. When
participants read stories in which the two styles were the
dative/double object alternation, participants demonstrated
a syntactic priming effect in the cloze task, but no
consistent recognition bias in a later recognition test
(Experiments 3 and 4).},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1014922700023},
Key = {fds253838}
}
@article{fds253840,
Author = {Larsen, SF and Schrauf, RW and Fromholt, P and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {Inner speech and bilingual autobiographical memory: a
Polish-Danish cross-cultural study.},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-54},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10132 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Thirty years after fleeing from Poland to Denmark, 20
immigrants were enlisted in a study of bilingual
autobiographical memory. Ten "early immigrators" averaged 24
years old at the time of immigration, and ten "late
immigrators" averaged 34 years old at immigration. Although
all 20 had spent 30 years in Denmark, early immigrators
reported more current inner speech behaviours in Danish,
whereas late immigrators showed more use of Polish. Both
groups displayed proportionally more numerous
autobiographical retrievals that were reported as coming to
them internally in Polish (vs Danish) for the decades prior
to immigration and more in Danish (vs Polish) after
immigration. We propose a culture- and language-specific
shaping of semantic and conceptual stores that underpins
autobiographical and world knowledge.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210143000218},
Key = {fds253840}
}
@misc{fds26724,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Autobiographical Memory Across the Lifespan},
Pages = {159-184},
Booktitle = {Lifespan Development of Human Memory},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
Editor = {P. Graf and N. Ohta},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds26724}
}
@misc{fds302147,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Autobiographical memory across the lifespan},
Pages = {159-184},
Booktitle = {Lifespan development of human memory},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Editor = {Graf, P and Ohta, N},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds302147}
}
@article{fds253837,
Author = {Schrauf, RW and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Effects of Voluntary Immigration on the Distribution of
Autobiographical Memory over the Lifespan},
Volume = {15},
Number = {7},
Pages = {S75-S88},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2001},
Month = {December},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10135 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Immigration may be considered a 'traumatic' event with acute
phases followed by long latency effects. Ten older, Hispanic
adults who immigrated to the USA at ages 20-22, 24-28, and
34-35 narrated their 'life-stories' on two occasions, once
in English and once in Spanish. Instead of the usual
reminiscence bump they showed an increase in
autobiographical recalls corresponding specifically to their
ages at immigration. Each of the narrated life stories was
independently coded for amount of detail, emotional valence,
status as transitional event, and backward/forward search
strategy. Memories for the time of immigration did not
differ from other memories on any of these ratings.
Increased recall for the period of immigration may be due to
the encoding of novel events and the 'effort after meaning'
required to integrate these events followed by a relatively
stable period (settlement) marked by release from proactive
interference and spaced rehearsal. Copyright © 2001 John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1002/acp.835},
Key = {fds253837}
}
@article{fds253839,
Author = {Gulgoz, S and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Kisisel Anilarin Hartirlanmasi: Bir Betimleme Calismasi
[Retrieval of personal memory: A descriptive
study]},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {37-55},
Publisher = {TURKISH PSYCHOLOGISTS ASSOC},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds253839}
}
@article{fds337163,
Author = {Sheen, M and Kemp, S and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Twins Dispute Memory Ownership: A New False Memory
Phenomenon},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {779-788},
Publisher = {Allyn & Bacon},
Year = {2001},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196407},
Abstract = {In three experiments, we examined a new memory phenomenon:
disputed memories, in which people dispute ownership of a
memory. For example, in one disputed memory each of two
twins recollected being sent home from school for wearing
too short a skirt, although only one of them was actually
sent home. In Experiment 1, 20 sets of same-sex adult twins
were asked to produce a memory for each of 45 words, and
most twins spontaneously produced at least one disputed
memory. In Experiment 2,20 different sets of same-sex adult
twins rated disputed memories as higher in recollective
experience, imagery, and emotional reliving than nondisputed
memories. In Experiment 3, siblings who were close in age as
well as same-sex friends were also found to have disputed
memories, but less often than twins.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03196407},
Key = {fds337163}
}
@article{fds253834,
Author = {Coyle, S and Arnold, HM and Goldberg-Arnold, JS and Rubin, DC and Hall,
WG},
Title = {Olfactory conditioning facilitates diet transition in human
infants.},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {144-152},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0012-1630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11044862},
Abstract = {We evaluated whether Pavlovian conditioning methods could be
used to increase the ingestion of non-preferred solutions by
formula-fed human infants. In baseline measures, 5-7 month
old infants sucked less frequently and consumed less water
than regular formula. During a 3-day olfactory conditioning
period, parents placed a small scented disk, the conditioned
stimulus, on the rim of their infants' formula bottle at
every feeding. Following this training, infants' responses
to water were tested when their water bottles had a disk
scented with the training odor, a novel odor, or no odor.
Infants tested with the training odor sucked more frequently
and consumed significantly more water than they had at
baseline. Infants tested with no odor or a novel odor
consumed water at or below baseline levels. These data
demonstrate that olfactory conditioning can be used to
enhance ingestion in infants and suggest that such methods
may be useful for infants experiencing difficulty when
making transitions from one diet to another.},
Doi = {10.1002/1098-2302(200011)37:3<144::aid-dev3>3.0.co;2-z},
Key = {fds253834}
}
@article{fds253791,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The distribution of early childhood memories.},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {265-269},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10932795},
Abstract = {The quantitative distribution of autobiographical memories
for the first decade of life is described. The distribution,
based on over 11,000 autobiographical memories from age 10
and younger from published studies, is nearly identical for
males and females, for participants of different ages, and
for different methods of collecting data, including using
words to cue memories from anywhere in the lifespan or from
just the childhood years, exhaustive listing of all early
memories, and interviews.},
Doi = {10.1080/096582100406810},
Key = {fds253791}
}
@article{fds253835,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schrauf, RW},
Title = {Internal languages of retrieval: the bilingual encoding of
memories for the personal past.},
Volume = {28},
Pages = {616-623},
Year = {2000},
Month = {June},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10134 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In contrast to most research on bilingual memory that
focuses on how words in either lexicon are mapped onto
memory for objects and concepts, we focus on memory for
events in the personal past. Using a word-cue technique in
sessions devoted exclusively to one language, we found that
older Hispanic immigrants who had come to the United States
as adults internally retrieved autobiographical memories in
Spanish for events in the country of origin and in English
for events in the U.S. These participants were consistently
capable of discerning whether a memory had come to them "in
words" or not, reflecting the distinction between purely
imagistic or conceptual memories and specifically linguistic
memories. Via examination of other phenomenological features
of these memories (sense of re-living, sensory detail,
emotionality, and rehearsal), we conclude that the
linguistic/nonlinguistic distinction is fundamental and
independent of these other characteristics. Bilinguals
encode and retrieve certain autobiographical memories in one
or the other language according to the context of encoding,
and these linguistic characteristics are stable properties
of those memories over time.},
Key = {fds253835}
}
@misc{fds302148,
Author = {Rubin, D},
Title = {Autobiographical memory and aging},
Pages = {131-149},
Booktitle = {Cognitive aging: A primer},
Publisher = {Philadelphia: Psychology Press},
Editor = {Park, D and Schwartz, N},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds302148}
}
@article{fds26486,
Author = {Coyle, S. and Arnold, H.M. and Goldberg-Arnold, J.S. and Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Olfactory conditioning facilities diet transition in human
infants},
Journal = {Developmental Psychobiology},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {144-152},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds26486}
}
@misc{fds26487,
Author = {Hall, W.G. and Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Flavor dot and odorizer method},
Journal = {United States Patent, Number 6,112,749},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds26487}
}
@article{fds253788,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schulkind, MD and Rahhal, TA},
Title = {A Study of Gender Differences in Autobiographical Memory:
Broken Down by Age and Sex},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-71},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1068-0667},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10141 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Data from 40 older adults who produced autobiographical
memories to word cues and to the request to list five
important memories, and data from 60 older adults who
answered factual multiple-choice questions for events spread
across their lives, were analyzed for gender differences. In
spite of considerable statistical power, there were no
gender differences in the distribution of autobiographical
memories over the lifespan, in the distribution of important
memories, in various ratings provided to these memories, or
in the distribution of knowledge for events. The only gender
difference found was that men performed better on factual
questions about current events and baseball. Thus, counter
to what might be expected from Darwinian theory and some
behavioral data, gender differences were
minimal.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1021676309064},
Key = {fds253788}
}
@article{fds253790,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Frontal-striatal circuits in cognitive aging: Evidence for
caudate involvement},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {241-259},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10142 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Changes in cognition with aging have been claimed to be due
in large part to a decline in frontal lobe function.
However, at our present state of knowledge, the emphasis on
the frontal lobes to the exclusion of the rest of the
frontal-striatal circuits of which they are a part is
unwarranted. To argue this point, I consider another
anatomical candidate within these circuits, the caudate.
Evidence is presented that the caudate decreases in size
with age as much as the frontal lobes and that damage to
either the frontal lobes or the caudate is accompanied by
declines in inhibitory processes, executive control, and
cognitive speed similar to those seen in normal aging.
Separating the unique contributions of the frontal lobes and
the caudate to these circuits is difficult but should be the
focus of future studies of the biological basis of cognitive
aging.},
Doi = {10.1076/1382-5585(199912)06:04;1-B;FT241},
Key = {fds253790}
}
@article{fds253822,
Author = {Schulkind, MD and Hennis, LK and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Music, emotion, and autobiographical memory: they're playing
your song.},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {948-955},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1999},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10143 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Very long-term memory for popular music was investigated.
Older and younger adults listened to 20-sec excerpts of
popular songs drawn from across the 20th century. The
subjects gave emotionality and preference ratings and tried
to name the title, artist, and year of popularity for each
excerpt. They also performed a cued memory test for the
lyrics. The older adults' emotionality ratings were highest
for songs from their youth; they remembered more about these
songs, as well. However, the stimuli failed to cue many
autobiographical memories of specific events. Further
analyses revealed that the older adults were less likely
than the younger adults to retrieve multiple attributes of a
song together (i.e., title and artist) and that there was a
significant positive correlation between emotion and memory,
especially for the older adults. These results have
implications for research on long-term memory, as well as on
the relationship between emotion and memory.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03201225},
Key = {fds253822}
}
@article{fds253789,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Hinton, S and Wenzel, A},
Title = {The Precise Time Course of Retention},
Volume = {25},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1161-1176},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0278-7393},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10146 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Fits of retention data were examined from 5 conditions: 3
types of cued recall, an old-new recognition task, and a
remember-know recognition task. In each condition, 100
participants had either 18 recall or 27 recognition trials
at each of 10 delays between 0 and 99 intervening items,
providing the first data obtained in experimental psychology
that were precise enough to distinguish clearly among simple
functions. None of the 105 2-parameter functions tested
produced adequate fits to the data. The function y = a 1e
-t/1.15 + a 2e -t/T2 + a 3 fit each of the 5 retention
conditions. The T 2 parameter in this equation equaled 28
for the 3 recall conditions and the remember-know
recognition condition and 13 for the old-new recognition
condition. Individuals' recall data fit the same function
with parameters varying with gender and scholastic aptitude
scores. Reaction times support the claim that the a 1e
-t/1.15 term describes working memory, and the remaining 2
terms describe long-term memory.},
Doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.25.5.1161},
Key = {fds253789}
}
@article{fds253833,
Author = {Watson, ME and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Hoffman, JM and Lowe, V and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {The neural basis of naming impairments in Alzheimer's
disease revealed through positron emission
tomography.},
Journal = {Arch Clin Neuropsychol},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {347-357},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0887-6177},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14590589},
Abstract = {The naming impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been
attributed to a variety of cognitive processing deficits,
including impairments in semantic memory, visual perception,
and lexical access. To further understand the underlying
biological basis of the naming failures in AD, the present
investigation examined the relationship of various classes
of naming errors to regional brain measures of cerebral
glucose metabolism as measured with 18 F-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose
(FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). Errors
committed on a visual naming test were categorized according
to a cognitive processing schema and then examined in
relationship to metabolism within specific brain regions.
The results revealed an association of semantic errors with
glucose metabolism in the frontal and temporal regions.
Language access errors, such as circumlocutions, and word
blocking nonresponses were associated with decreased
metabolism in areas within the left hemisphere.
Visuoperceptive errors were related to right inferior
parietal metabolic function. The findings suggest that
specific brain areas mediate the perceptual, semantic, and
lexical processing demands of visual naming and that visual
naming problems in dementia are related to dysfunction in
specific neural circuits.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0887-6177(98)00027-4},
Key = {fds253833}
}
@misc{fds302149,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Autobiographical memory and aging: Distributions of memories
across the life-span and their implications for survey
research},
Pages = {163-183},
Booktitle = {Cognition, aging, and self-reports},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {Schwartz, N and Park, DC and Knauper, B and Sudman,
S},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds302149}
}
@article{fds253797,
Author = {Schrauf, RW and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Bilingual Autobiographical Memory in Older Adult Immigrants:
A Test of Cognitive Explanations of the Reminiscence Bump
and the Linguistic Encoding of Memories},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {437-457},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10147 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Twelve people who emigrated as adults from Spanish-speaking
cultures and then spent at least 30 years in an Anglo
culture were asked to provide autobiographical memories to
word cues. All communication was in Spanish on one day and
English on a second. In previous studies, there has been a
bump or increase in autobiographical memories for the 10 to
30 decades. Here the increase in memories followed the age
of immigration and settlement, supporting a cognitive theory
of the reminiscence bump. The distributions of memories
across the lifespan were similar for the Spanish sessions
and the English sessions. Participants identified 20% of
their memories as recalled internally in the language not
being used that day. For this subset of memories, events
prior to migration were more frequently recalled in Spanish,
whereas events after migration were more frequently recalled
in English. © 1998 Academic Press.},
Doi = {10.1006/jmla.1998.2585},
Key = {fds253797}
}
@article{fds253768,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Knowledge and judgments about events that occurred prior to
birth: The measurement of the persistence of
information},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {397-400},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10145 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Data from five laboratories using five different techniques
were reanalyzed to measure subjects' knowledge of events
that occurred over the past 70 years. Subjects were about 20
years of age, so the measures included events that extended
up to 50 years before birth. The functions relating
knowledge about the events to age do not decrease
precipitously at birth but gradually drop to above-chance
levels. Techniques usually used to study retention within
the individual can be used to study the persistence of ideas
and fashions within an age cohort in a culture.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03208816},
Key = {fds253768}
}
@article{fds253796,
Author = {Zervakis, J and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Memory and learning for a novel written style.},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {754-767},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1998},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9701967},
Abstract = {Subjects read and recalled a series of five short stories in
one of four plot and style combinations. The stories were
written in one of two styles that consisted of opposing
clause orders (i.e., independent-dependent vs.
dependent-independent), tense forms (i.e., past vs.
present), and descriptor forms (modifier modifier vs.
modifier as a noun). The subjects incorporated both plot and
style characteristics into their recalls. Other subjects,
who, after five recalls, either generated a new story or
listed the rules that had been followed by the stories read,
included the marked forms of the characteristics they
learned more often, except for tense. The subjects read and
recalled four stories of the same plot and style and then
read and recalled a fifth story of the same plot and style
or of one of the other three plot/style combinations.
Ability to switch style depended on both the characteristic
and the markedness.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03211395},
Key = {fds253796}
}
@article{fds253799,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Greenberg, DL},
Title = {Visual memory-deficit amnesia: a distinct amnesic
presentation and etiology.},
Volume = {95},
Number = {9},
Pages = {5413-5416},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0027-8424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9560290},
Abstract = {We describe a form of amnesia, which we have called visual
memory-deficit amnesia, that is caused by damage to areas of
the visual system that store visual information. Because it
is caused by a deficit in access to stored visual material
and not by an impaired ability to encode or retrieve new
material, it has the otherwise infrequent properties of a
more severe retrograde than anterograde amnesia with no
temporal gradient in the retrograde amnesia. Of the 11 cases
of long-term visual memory loss found in the literature, all
had amnesia extending beyond a loss of visual memory, often
including a near total loss of pretraumatic episodic memory.
Of the 6 cases in which both the severity of retrograde and
anterograde amnesia and the temporal gradient of the
retrograde amnesia were noted, 4 had a more severe
retrograde amnesia with no temporal gradient and 2 had a
less severe retrograde amnesia with a temporal
gradient.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.95.9.5413},
Key = {fds253799}
}
@article{fds253798,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Rahhal, TA and Poon, LW},
Title = {Things learned in early adulthood are remembered
best.},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-19},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9519693},
Abstract = {Evidence is reviewed that for older adults the period from
10 to 30 years of age produces recall of the most
autobiographical memories, the most vivid memories, and the
most important memories. It is the period from which
peoples' favorite films, music, and books come and the
period from which they judge the most important world events
to have originated. Factual, semantic, general-knowledge,
multiple-choice questions about the Academy Awards, the
World Series, and current events from this period were
answered more accurately by two different groups of 30 older
adults tested 10 years apart. A cognitive theory based on
the importance of transitions and several noncognitive
theories are considered as explanations of this pervasive
phenomenon.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03211366},
Key = {fds253798}
}
@article{fds253800,
Author = {Braun, K and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The spacing effect depends on an encoding deficit,
retrieval, and time in working memory: evidence from
once-presented words.},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-65},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9640432},
Abstract = {The spacing effect in list learning occurs because identical
massed items suffer encoding deficits and because spaced
items benefit from retrieval and increased time in working
memory. Requiring the retrieval of identical items produced
a spacing effect for recall and recognition, both for
intentional and incidental learning. Not requiring retrieval
produced spacing only for intentional learning because
intentional learning encourages retrieval. Once-presented
words provided baselines for these effects. Next, massed and
spaced word pairs were judged for matches on their first
three letters, forcing retrieval. The words were not
identical, so there was no encoding deficit. Retrieval could
and did cause spacing only for the first word of each pair;
time in working memory, only for the second.},
Doi = {10.1080/741941599},
Key = {fds253800}
}
@misc{fds300085,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Beginnings of a theory of autobiographical
remembering},
Pages = {47-67},
Booktitle = {Autobiographical memory: Theoretical and applied
perspectives},
Publisher = {Erlbaum},
Editor = {Thompson, CP and Herrmann, DJ and Bruce, D and Read, JD and Payne, DG and Toglia, MP},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {0-8058-2075-2},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000071966300004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds300085}
}
@article{fds253801,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schulkind, MD},
Title = {The distribution of autobiographical memories across the
lifespan.},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {859-866},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421572},
Abstract = {Words were used to cue autobiographical memories from 20-
and 70-year-old subjects. Both groups showed a decrease in
memories from the childhood years and a power-function
retention function for their most recent 10 years. Older
subjects also had an increase in the number of memories from
the ages 10 to 30. These results held for individual
subjects as well as grouped data and held when either 124 or
921 memories were cued. Reaction times to produce memories
were constant across decades except for childhood where they
were longer.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03211330},
Key = {fds253801}
}
@article{fds253803,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schulkind, MD},
Title = {Distribution of important and word-cued autobiographical
memories in 20-, 35-, and 70-year-old adults.},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {524-535},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0882-7974},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9308099},
Abstract = {For word-cued autobiographical memories, older adults had an
increase, or bump, from the ages 10 to 30. All age groups
had fewer memories from childhood than from other years and
a power-function retention for memories from the most recent
10 years. There were no consistent differences in reaction
times and rating scale responses across decades. Concrete
words cued older memories, but no property of the cues
predicted which memories would come from the bump. The 5
most important memories given by 20- and 35-year-old
participants were distributed similarly to their word-cued
memories, but those given by 70-year-old participants came
mostly from the single 20-to-30 decade. No theory fully
accounts for the bump.},
Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.524},
Key = {fds253803}
}
@article{fds253804,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Ciobanu, V and Langston, W},
Title = {Children's memory for counting-out rhymes: A cross-language
comparison},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {421-424},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10151 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In English, counting-out rhymes, such as "Eenie Meenie,"
vary little over retellings. Recall is not rote but is
sensitive to the structure of the genre. To test the
generality of this finding, a sample of Romanian rhymes was
collected. Although there was no overlap with the English
rhymes, the corpus of rhymes collected had similar structure
in terms of number of lines, repeating words, rhyme,
alliteration, and the inclusion of nonsense words. Variation
within rhymes preserved the poetic structure of the genre.
The results suggest that verbatim recall can be schema
driven if there is sufficient structure.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03210804},
Key = {fds253804}
}
@article{fds253802,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Schulkind, MD},
Title = {Properties of word cues for autobiographical
memory.},
Volume = {81},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-50},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1997},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0033-2941},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9293192},
Abstract = {A sample of 124 words were used to cue autobiographical
memories in 120 adults varying in age from 20 to 73 years.
Individual words reliably cued autobiographical memories of
different ages with different speeds. For all age groups,
words rated high in imagery produced older memories and
faster reaction times.},
Doi = {10.2466/pr0.1997.81.1.47},
Key = {fds253802}
}
@article{fds253806,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Wenzel, AE},
Title = {One hundred years of forgetting: A quantitative description
of retention},
Volume = {103},
Number = {4},
Pages = {734-760},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10157 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A sample of 210 published data sets were assembled that (a)
plotted amount remembered versus time, (b) had 5 or more
points, and (c) were smooth enough to fit at least 1 of the
functions tested with a correlation coefficient of .90 or
greater. Each was fit to 105 different 2-parameter
functions. The best fits were to the logarithmic function,
the power function, the exponential in the square root of
time, and the hyperbola in the square root of time. It is
difficult to distinguish among these 4 functions with the
available data, but the same set of 4 functions fit most
data sets, with autobiographical memory being the exception.
Theoretical motivations for the best fitting functions are
offered. The methodological problems of evaluating functions
and the advantages of searching existing data for
regularities before formulating theories are
considered.},
Doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.734},
Key = {fds253806}
}
@article{fds253805,
Author = {Watson, ME and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Spatial imagery preserves temporal order.},
Volume = {4},
Number = {5},
Pages = {515-534},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8884744},
Abstract = {Line drawings were presented in either a spatial or a
nonspatial format. Subjects recalled each of four sets of 24
items in serial order. Amount recalled in the correct serial
order and sequencing errors were scored. In Experiment 1
items appeared either in consecutive locations of a matrix
or in one central location. Subjects who saw the items in
different locations made fewer sequencing errors than those
who saw each item in a central location, but serial recall
levels for these two conditions did not differ. When items
appeared in nonconsecutive locations in Experiment 2, the
advantage of the spatial presentation on sequencing errors
disappeared. Experiment 3 included conditions in which both
the consecutive and nonconsecutive spatial formats were
paired with retrieval cues that either did or did not
indicate the sequence of locations in which the items had
appeared. Spatial imagery aided sequencing when, and only
when, the order of locations in which the stimuli appeared
could be reconstructed at retrieval.},
Doi = {10.1080/741940777},
Key = {fds253805}
}
@book{fds309886,
Title = {Remembering Our Past: Studies in Autobiographical
Memory},
Pages = {448 pages},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Rubin, DC},
Year = {1996},
Abstract = {This book reviews the latest research in the field of
autobiographical memory.},
Key = {fds309886}
}
@misc{fds302150,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Stories about Stories},
Pages = {153-164},
Booktitle = {Knowledge and memory: The real story},
Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
Editor = {Wyer Jr. and RS},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds302150}
}
@book{fds302163,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Memory in Oral Traditions: The Cognitive Psychology of Epic,
Ballads, and Counting-out Rhymes},
Pages = {385 pages},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {1995},
Abstract = {Dr. Rubin has brought cognitive psychology into a wholly
unprecedented dialogue with studies in oral
tradition.},
Key = {fds302163}
}
@article{fds253807,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Wallace, WT and Houston, BC},
Title = {The beginnings of expertise for ballads},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {435-462},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0364-0213},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10161 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {To study the beginning stages of expertise, 14 students, who
were inexperienced with ballads, heard and recalled a series
of 5 ballads over the course of 5 weeks. Compared with their
first recall of the first ballad, their first recall of the
fifth ballad had one and a half times as many words, two
times as many rhyming words, and three times as much line
structure evident in the written recall protocols. Compared
with novices, the 14 beginning experts more often filled in
blank spaces in novel ballads with words of the correct
number of syllables and more often chose the original stanza
of a novel ballad that was paired with a changed version of
the stanza. The beginning experts were also able to compose,
in 20 min, ballads about two thirds as long as the 10-stanza
ballads they learned. Thirty characteristics were identified
in the set of the five learned ballads. The ballads composed
by the beginning experts used over half of these. The
beginning experts also explicitly stated about one quarter
of these 30 characteristics, but there was no statistical
relationship between the characteristics used and the
characteristics stated. Memory expertise is viewed as a
pervasive aspect of cognition in which people make use of a
variety of regularities in the material to be learned. ©
1993 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog1703_4},
Key = {fds253807}
}
@misc{fds302151,
Author = {Conway, MA and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The structure of autobiographical memory},
Pages = {103-137},
Booktitle = {Theories of memory},
Publisher = {Erlbaum},
Editor = {Collins, AE and Gathercole, SE and Conway, MA and Morris,
PE},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds302151}
}
@misc{fds26485,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Oral tradition},
Pages = {502-503},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of learning and memory},
Publisher = {New York: MacMillan},
Editor = {L. Squire},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds26485}
}
@misc{fds302152,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Constraints on memory},
Pages = {265-273},
Booktitle = {Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of "flashbulb"
memorie},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Winoglad, E and Neisser, U},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds302152}
}
@misc{fds302153,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Definitions of autobiographical memory},
Pages = {495-499},
Booktitle = {Theoretical perspectives on autobiographical
memory},
Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Conway, MA and Rubin, DC and Spinnler, H and Wagenaar,
WA},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds302153}
}
@book{fds309887,
Title = {Theoretical perspectives on autobiographical
memory},
Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {Conway, MA and Rubin, DC and Spinnler, H and Wagenaar,
WA},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds309887}
}
@article{fds253808,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Wanda, TW},
Title = {Characteristics and Constraints in Ballads and Their Effects
on Memory},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {181-202},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1991},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0163-853X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991HC27300004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Four sets of ballads, chosen as a sample of an oral
tradition as it existed in North Carolina in the early
1900s, were examined in order to determine whether ballad
characteristics used in combination are sufficient to
account for the stability observed from performance to
performance, as well as across generations of oral
transmission. The characteristics included verse length,
presence of refrains, presence and location of poetics, the
pattern and number of end rhymes, the metrical patterns,
average number of syllables per word, the pattern of meaning
and imagery in lines, the frequency of repeated lines both
within and across ballads in the set, the musical scales
used, and the agreement of metrical stresses and musical
beats. The combination of these characteristics provides
many constraints which limit the possible word choices and
can act to stabilize transmissions. © 1991, Taylor &
Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1080/01638539109544781},
Key = {fds253808}
}
@article{fds253809,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Stoltzfus, ER and Wall, KL},
Title = {The abstraction of form in semantic categories.},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-7},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017026},
Abstract = {Undergraduates were asked to generate a name for a
hypothetical new exemplar of a category. They produced names
that had the same numbers of syllables, the same endings,
and the same types of word stems as existing exemplars of
that category. In addition, novel exemplars, each consisting
of a nonsense syllable root and a prototypical ending, were
accurately assigned to categories. The data demonstrate the
abstraction and use of surface properties of
words.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03198491},
Key = {fds253809}
}
@article{fds253810,
Author = {Hyman, IE and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Memorabeatlia: a naturalistic study of long-term
memory.},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {205-214},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1990},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10162 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Seventy-six undergraduates were given the titles and first
lines of Beatles' songs and asked to recall the songs. Seven
hundred and four different undergraduates were cued with one
line from each of 25 Beatles' songs and asked to recall the
title. The probability of recalling a line was best
predicted by the number of times a line was repeated in the
song and how early the line first appeared in the song. The
probability of cuing to the title was best predicted by
whether the line shared words with the title. Although the
subjects recalled only 21% of the lines, there were very few
errors in recall, and the errors rarely violated the
rhythmic, poetic, or thematic constraints of the songs.
Acting together, these constraints can account for the near
verbatim recall observed. Fourteen subjects, who transcribed
one song, made fewer and different errors than the subjects
who had recalled the song, indicating that the errors in
recall were not primarily the result of errors in
encoding.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03197096},
Key = {fds253810}
}
@misc{fds26462,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Directed graphs as memory respresentations: The case of
rhyme},
Pages = {121-133},
Booktitle = {Pathfinder associative networks: Studies in knowledge
organization},
Publisher = {Norwood, NJ: Ablex},
Editor = {R.W. Schvaneveldt},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds26462}
}
@misc{fds302154,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Directed graphs as memory representations: The case of
rhyme},
Pages = {121-133},
Booktitle = {Pathfinder associative networks: Studies in knowledge
organization},
Publisher = {Ablex},
Editor = {Schvaneveldt, RW},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds302154}
}
@article{fds253812,
Author = {Baddeley, AD and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Telescoping is not time compression: a model of the dating
of autobiographical events.},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {653-661},
Year = {1989},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10165 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A model of telescoping is proposed that assumes no
systematic errors in dating. Rather, the overestimation of
recent occurrences of events is based on the combination of
three factors: (1) Retention is greater for recent events;
(2) errors in dating, though unbiased, increase linearly
with the time since the dated event; and (3) intrusions
often occur from events outside the period being asked
about, but such intrusions do not come from events that have
not yet occurred. In Experiment 1, we found that recall for
colloquia fell markedly over a 2-year interval, the
magnitude of errors in psychologists' dating of the
colloquia increased at a rate of .4 days per day of delay,
and the direction of the dating error was toward the middle
of the interval. In Experiment 2, the model used the
retention function and dating errors from the first study to
predict the distribution of the actual dates of colloquia
recalled as being within a 5-month period. In Experiment 3,
the findings of the first study were replicated with
colloquia given by, instead of for, the subjects.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03202626},
Key = {fds253812}
}
@article{fds253811,
Author = {Rubin, D and WALLACE, WT},
Title = {Rhyme and Reason: Analyses of Dual Retrieval
Cues},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
Cognition},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {698-709},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association},
Year = {1989},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0278-7393},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10163 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {If and only if each single cue uniquely defines its target,
a independence model based on fragment theory can predict
the strength of a combined dual cue from the strengths of
its single cue components. If the single cues do not each
uniquely define their target, no single monotonic function
can predict the strength of the dual cue from its
components; rather, what matters is the number of possible
targets. The probability of generating a target word was .19
for rhyme cues, .14 for category cues, and .97 for
rhyme-plus-category dual cues. Moreover, some pairs of cues
had probabilities of producing their targets of .03 when
used individually and 1.00 when used together, whereas other
pairs had moderate probabilities individually and together.
The results, which are interpreted in terms of multiple
constraints limiting the number of responses, show why
rhymes, which play a minimal role in laboratory studies of
memory, are common in real-world mnemonics.},
Doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.15.4.698},
Key = {fds253811}
}
@book{fds26391,
Title = {Everyday cognition in adulthood and later
life},
Publisher = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Poon, L.W. and Rubin, D.C. and Wilson, B.A.},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds26391}
}
@misc{fds26484,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Memory, autobiographical},
Pages = {101-102},
Booktitle = {Neuroscience year: Supplement 1 to the encyclopedia of
neuroscience},
Publisher = {Cambridge: Birkhauser Boston Inc.},
Editor = {G. Adelman},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds26484}
}
@misc{fds302155,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Issues of regularity and control: Confessions of a
regularity freak},
Pages = {84-103},
Booktitle = {Everyday cognition in adult and later life},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Poon, LW and Rubin, DC and Wilson, BA},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds302155}
}
@book{fds309888,
Title = {Everyday Cognition in Adulthood and Late
Life},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Poon, L and Rubin, DC and Wilson, BA},
Year = {1989},
Abstract = {The authors present relevant data that open up new
directions for those studying cognitive aging.},
Key = {fds309888}
}
@article{fds253813,
Author = {Kelly, MH and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Natural rhythmic patterns in English verse: Evidence from
child counting-out rhymes},
Volume = {27},
Number = {6},
Pages = {718-740},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0749-596X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10167 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Counting-out rhymes are part of an oral tradition whose
primary participants are children. These facts are used to
justify the claim that the rhythmic structure of
counting-out rhymes can be attributed to natural preferences
more readily than could the structure of formal verse
considered alone. The first study uncovered a number of
similarities between formal and counting-out verse. The
rhythm of counting-out rhymes is constrained by the
principle of rhythmic alternation, the nuclear stress and
compound rules, and foot boundaries. In addition, both
trochaic and iambic meters seem to exist as natural
categories in counting-out rhymes. Finally, children appear
to associate different grammatical categories with different
degrees of stress, in a manner very similar to patterns
found in adult verse. The second study explored the variants
of one common counting-out rhyme and reports changes that
preserve or improve the poetics of the rhyme. The discussion
offers one definition of what a "natural" rhythmic pattern
in verse might mean: A pattern that has parallels in the
rhythmic structure of ordinary speech. This definition makes
the study of verse attractive to psycholinguists for three
reasons. First, factors that influence speech rhythm can be
examined for their relevance to poetic rhythm, a possibility
that renders tractable the psycholinguistic study of one
form of language creativity. Second, hypotheses about the
rhythmic structure of speech can be formulated from
knowledge of poetic rhythm. Finally, studying the structure
of child verse could foster understanding of the acquisition
of prosodic rules, an area that has been relatively
neglected in developmental psycholinguistics. ©
1988.},
Doi = {10.1016/0749-596X(88)90017-4},
Key = {fds253813}
}
@misc{fds302157,
Author = {Wallace, WT and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Memory of a ballad singer},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {257-262},
Booktitle = {Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues,
Vol. 1, Memory in everyday life},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Editor = {Gruenberg, MM and Morris, PE and Sykes, RN},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds302157}
}
@misc{fds302158,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Practical aspects of autobiographical memory},
Pages = {253-256},
Booktitle = {Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues:
Vol. 1. Memory in everyday life},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Editor = {Gruenberg, MM and Morris, PE and Sykes, RN},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds302158}
}
@misc{fds302160,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Go for the skill},
Pages = {374-382},
Booktitle = {Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional
approaches to the study of memory},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Neisser, U and Winograd, E},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds302160}
}
@misc{fds302159,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Learning poetic language},
Pages = {339-351},
Booktitle = {The development of language and language researchers: Essays
in honor of Roger Brown},
Publisher = {Erlbaum},
Editor = {Kessel, F},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds302159}
}
@misc{fds302156,
Author = {Wallace, WT and Rubin, DC},
Title = {The Wreck of the Old 97”: A real event remembered in
song},
Pages = {283-310},
Booktitle = {Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional
approaches to the study of memory},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Neisser, U and Winograd, E},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds302156}
}
@misc{fds26483,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Autobiographical memory},
Pages = {49-50},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of aging},
Publisher = {New York: Springer},
Editor = {G.L. Maddox},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds26483}
}
@article{fds253814,
Author = {Schultz, KA},
Title = {Unit Analysis of Prose Memory in Clinical and Elderly
Populations},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {77-87},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565648609540331},
Abstract = {Interpretation of clinical memory tests generally emphasizes
the quantitative aspects of recall. This study presents an
additional unit analysis of the Logical Memory subtest of
Russell's revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale for a
variety of older adult groups. Patients' neuropsychological
test data were reviewed, and the paragraphs from the Logical
Memory subtest were analyzed using unit analysis (Rubin,
1978). The older adults consisted of a healthy group as well
as groups whose diagnoses included Alzheimer's and
multi-infarct dementias, head trauma, and metabolic and
affective disorders. Quantitative analyses of recall
revealed group differences. Qualitative analysis of which
memory units were recalled, however, showed similarities in
memory processing among these groups. © 1986, Taylor &
Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1080/87565648609540331},
Key = {fds253814}
}
@article{fds253815,
Author = {Friendly, M and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Predicting which words get recalled: measures of free
recall, availability, goodness, emotionality, and
pronunciability for 925 nouns.},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-94},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10168 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {To investigate the properties that make a word easy to
recall, we added to existing norms for 925 nouns measures of
availability, goodness, emotionality, pronunciability, and
probability of recall in multiple-trial free recall.
Availability, imagery, and emotionality were found to be the
best predictors of which words were recalled. This result,
which is stable across recall data collected in three
separate laboratories, argues for the importance of
availability as a predictor of recall and questions the role
of the correlated variables of word frequency and
meaningfulness. Consistent with earlier work on a smaller
sample of words, six factors describe the numerous
properties of words studied by psychologists. The six
factors are composed of variables based on orthography,
imagery and meaning, word frequency, recall, emotionality,
and goodness. © 1986 Psychonomic Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03209231},
Key = {fds253815}
}
@misc{fds26455,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Wetzler, S.E. and Nebes, R.D.},
Title = {Autobiographical memory across the adult
lifespan},
Pages = {202-221},
Booktitle = {Autobiographical memory},
Publisher = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {D.C. Rubin},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds26455}
}
@misc{fds302161,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Wetzler, SE and Nebes, RD},
Title = {Autobiographical memory across the lifespan},
Pages = {202-221},
Booktitle = {Autobiographical memory},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Rubin, DC},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds302161}
}
@book{fds309889,
Title = {Autobiographical Memory},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Editor = {Rubin, DC},
Year = {1986},
Abstract = {Rubin brings together and integrates the best contemporary
work on the cognitive psychology of memories of the
self.},
Key = {fds309889}
}
@article{fds253769,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Memorability as a measure of processing: a unit analysis of
prose and list learning.},
Volume = {114},
Number = {2},
Pages = {213-238},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1985},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10171 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {The percentage of subjects recalling each unit in a list or
prose passage is considered as a dependent measure. When the
same units are recalled in different tasks, processing is
assumed to be the same; when different units are recalled,
processing is assumed to be different. Two collections of
memory tasks are presented, one for lists and one for prose.
The relations found in these two collections are supported
by an extensive reanalysis of the existing prose memory
literature. The same set of words were learned by 13
different groups of subjects under 13 different conditions.
Included were intentional free-recall tasks, incidental free
recall following lexical decision, and incidental free
recall following ratings of orthographic distinctiveness and
emotionality. Although the nine free-recall tasks varied
widely with regard to the amount of recall, the relative
probability of recall for the words was very similar among
the tasks. Imagery encoding and recognition produced
relative probabilities of recall that were different from
each other and from the free-recall tasks. Similar results
were obtained with a prose passage. A story was learned by
13 different groups of subjects under 13 different
conditions. Eight free-recall tasks, which varied with
respect to incidental or intentional learning, retention
interval, and the age of the subjects, produced similar
relative probabilities of recall, whereas recognition and
prompted recall produced relative probabilities of recall
that were different from each other and from the free-recall
tasks. A review of the prose literature was undertaken to
test the generality of these results. Analysis of variance
is the most common statistical procedure in this literature.
If the relative probability of recall of units varied across
conditions, a units by condition interaction would be
expected. For the 12 studies that manipulated retention
interval, an average of 21% of the variance was accounted
for by the main effect of retention interval, 17% by the
main effect of units, and only 2% by the retention interval
by units interaction. Similarly, for the 12 studies that
varied the age of the subjects, 6% of the variance was
accounted for by the main effect of age, 32% by the main
effect of units, and only 1% by the interaction of age by
units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1037//0096-3445.114.2.213},
Key = {fds253769}
}
@article{fds253766,
Author = {RUBIN, DC},
Title = {THE SUBTLE DECEIVER - RECALLING OUR PAST},
Volume = {19},
Number = {9},
Pages = {38-&},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY TODAY},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-3107},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985APR8500033&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds253766}
}
@article{fds26389,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {The subtle deceiver: Recalling our past},
Journal = {Psychology Today},
Pages = {38-46},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds26389}
}
@article{fds253816,
Author = {Biermann, AW and Rodman, RD and Rubin, DC and Heidlage,
JF},
Title = {NATURAL-LANGUAGE WITH DISCRETE SPEECH AS A MODE FOR
HUMAN-TO-MACHINE COMMUNICATION},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {628-636},
Publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},
Year = {1985},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10170 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A voice interactive natural language system, which allows
users to solve problems with spoken English commands, has
been constructed. The system utilizes a commercially
available discrete speech recognizer which requires that
each word be followed by approximately a 300 millisecond
pause. In a test of the system, subjects were able to learn
its use after about two hours of training. The system
correctly processed about 77 percent of the over 6000 input
sentences spoken in problem-solving sessions. Subjects spoke
at the rate of about three sentences per minute and were
able to effectively use the system to complete the given
tasks. Subjects found the system relatively easy to learn
and use, and gave a generally positive report of their
experience. © 1985, ACM. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1145/3812.3817},
Key = {fds253816}
}
@article{fds253817,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Kozin, M},
Title = {Vivid memories.},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {81-95},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1984},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0010-0277},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10173 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Fifty-eight undergraduates each recorded their three
clearest autobiographical memories and answered questions
about them. The resulting 174 memories were almost all rated
to be of high personal importance, but low national
importance. In contrast to published results of flashbulb
memories cued by events which were specific, nationally
important, surprising, and consequential, the ratings
collected here covered the scales of surprise and
consequentiality in a fairly uniform manner. The subjects
also answered questions about memories cued by 20 events.
For each subject, some of these memories were of 'flashbulb'
clarity and some were not. The clearer memories were more
surprising, consequential, and emotional, indicating that
these factors are associated with, though not necessary for,
vivid memories. © 1984.},
Doi = {10.1016/0010-0277(84)90037-4},
Key = {fds253817}
}
@misc{fds26481,
Author = {Rubin, D.C. and Kimble, G.A.},
Title = {Instructor's resource manual},
Series = {6th ed.},
Booktitle = {Principles of psychology,},
Publisher = {New York: Wiley},
Editor = {G.A. Kimble and N. Garmezy and E. Zigler},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds26481}
}
@article{fds253818,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Groth, E and Goldsmith, DJ},
Title = {Olfactory cuing of autobiographical memory.},
Volume = {97},
Number = {4},
Pages = {493-507},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10172 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with either the
odors or the names of 15 common objects. In Experiment 2,
subjects were presented with either the odors, photographs,
or names of 16 common objects. All subjects were asked to
describe an autobiographical memory evoked by each cue, to
date each memory, and to rate each memory on vividness,
pleasantness, and the number of times that the memory had
been thought of and talked about prior to the experiment.
Compared with memories evoked by photographs or names,
memories evoked by odors were reported to be thought of and
talked about less often prior to the experiment and were
more likely to be reported as never having been thought of
or talked about prior to the experiment. No other effects
were consistently found, though there was a suggestion that
odors might evoke more pleasant and emotional memories than
other types of cues. The relation of these results to the
folklore concerning olfactory cuing is discussed.},
Doi = {10.2307/1422158},
Key = {fds253818}
}
@article{fds253820,
Author = {Bacon, EH and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Story recall by mentally retarded children.},
Volume = {53},
Number = {3 Pt 1},
Pages = {791-796},
Year = {1983},
Month = {December},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10176 Duke open
access},
Doi = {10.2466/pr0.1983.53.3.791},
Key = {fds253820}
}
@article{fds253819,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Kontis, TC},
Title = {A schema for common cents.},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {335-341},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1983},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10174 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Drawings from memory of a penny, nickel, dime, and quarter
were obtained from 125 undergraduates. The modal recalls for
the heads of all four coins were identical, suggesting that
a schema for coins exists. In an attempt to have the schema
produced directly, another 75 students designed either a 2-,
7-, or 20-cent piece that would fit into our present
currency. The modal drawing for this task was identical to
the modal recalls. The schema for the heads derived from
these experiments differs from existing coins and is not an
average of them. © 1983 Psychonomic Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03202446},
Key = {fds253819}
}
@article{fds253770,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Associative asymmetry, availability, and
retrieval.},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83-92},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10175 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Associative frequency, the ease with which a word comes to
mind in free association, is taken as a measure of general
response availability. As expected from this view, in both
controlled experiments and in reanalyses of previously
published correlational data, high associative frequency
words were judged to be more familiar and were easier to
recall but harder to recognize than low associative
frequency words, even with meaningfulness, imagery, length
in letters, and frequency excluded as factors. When used as
foils in a recognition experiment, high associative
frequency words attracted more responses than low
associative frequency words. In addition, associative
frequency and meaningfulness correlated only moderately and
had different patterns of correlations with other variables,
suggesting that the number of associations leading to and
from a word differ. © 1983 Psychonomic Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03197665},
Key = {fds253770}
}
@misc{fds26480,
Author = {Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Studies of learning and memory},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {111-1 - 111-18},
Booktitle = {Behavioral sciences research in mental health: An assessment
of the state of the science and recommendations for research
directions},
Publisher = {Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental
Health},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds26480}
}
@article{fds253824,
Author = {Friendly, M and Franklin, PE and Hoffman, D and Rubin,
DC},
Title = {The Toronto Word Pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness,
orthographic variables, and grammatical usage for 1,080
words},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {375-399},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1982},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1554-351X},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10179 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Imagery and concreteness norms and percentage noun usage
were obtained on the 1,080 verbal items from the Toronto
Word Pool. Imagery was defined as the rated ease with which
a word aroused a mental image, and concreteness was defined
in relation to level of abstraction. The degree to which a
word was functionally a noun was estimated in a sentence
generation task. The mean and standard deviation of the
imagery and concreteness ratings for each item are reported
together with letter and printed frequency counts for the
words and indications of sex differences in the ratings.
Additional data in the norms include a grammatical function
code derived from dictionary definitions, a percent noun
judgment, indexes of statistical approximation to English,
and an orthographic neighbor ratio. Validity estimates for
the imagery and concreteness ratings are derived from
comparisons with scale values drawn from the Paivio, Yuille,
and Madigan (1968) noun pool and the Toglia and Battig
(1978) norms. © 1982 Psychonomic Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03203275},
Key = {fds253824}
}
@article{fds253682,
Author = {Rubin, D},
Title = {Memorability as an indicator of processing},
Volume = {20},
Number = {3},
Pages = {127-127},
Publisher = {PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PK24800031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds253682}
}
@article{fds253771,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Corbett, S},
Title = {Adaptation-level theory and the free recall of
mixed-frequency lists},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-29},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PB57800009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Subjects learned a list containing both high-frequency
(common) and low-frequency (rare) words after learning five
lists of either high-or low-frequency words. As predicted by
adaptation-level theory, preexposure to lists at one
frequency made words at that same frequency more difficult
to learn relative to words at other frequencies. © 1982,
Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03334792},
Key = {fds253771}
}
@article{fds253772,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {On the retention function for autobiographical
memory},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-38},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5371},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10177 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {College undergraduates were asked to record events from
their lives, and then to date those events. Data were
collected from groups of subjects using a set of cue words
to prompt the events, from individual subjects, for
individual cue words, from groups of subjects using no cue
words, and from subjects who kept diaries. If it is assumed
that the subjects encoded an equal number of events from
each day of their lives, the distribution of events recorded
as a function of time can be viewed as a retention function.
The data from all experiments provided an excellent fit to
the single-trace fragility function proposed by Wickelgren
to account for more traditional laboratory learning
experiments. Taken together these experiments indicate that
the retention function is not an artifact of summing
different functions produced by individual subjects or cue
words and that the episodes recorded are, for the most part,
accurately dated memories of actual events. Thus, episodic
memory of a naturalistic, autobiographical nature and
episodic memory for lists appear to have the same retention
properties. © 1982 Academic Press, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90423-6},
Key = {fds253772}
}
@article{fds253784,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {A depth aftereffect caused by viewing a rotating Ames
window.},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {703-705},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p110703},
Abstract = {After a rotating Ames window has been viewed, a normal test
window held diagonal to the subject's line of sight appears
to be distorted, having a larger back than front. The effect
does not occur if a normal window is rotated or if the test
window is held perpendicular to the subject's line of
sight.},
Doi = {10.1068/p110703},
Key = {fds253784}
}
@article{fds253821,
Author = {Solso, RL and Juel, C and Rubin, DC},
Title = {THE FREQUENCY AND VERSATILITY OF INITIAL AND TERMINAL
LETTERS IN ENGLISH WORDS},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {220-235},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0022-5371},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10178 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {A review of previous word and letter counts in addition to
the applications of these counts were reported. A
comprehensive count of initial and terminal letters and
bigrams was compiled based on the Kučera and Francis
(Computational analysis of present-day American English.
Providence: Brown Univ. Press, 1967) corpus of English
words. The count included frequency of occurrence and
versatility, or number of different words in which letters
or bigrams occurred. It was shown how such counts can be
used to describe "Englishness" and make predictions as to
the information load of letters in words and pseudo words.
© 1982 Academic Press, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90581-3},
Key = {fds253821}
}
@misc{fds302180,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Very long-term memory for prose and verse},
Pages = {229-310},
Booktitle = {Memory observed: Remembering in natural contexts},
Publisher = {W. H. Freeman},
Editor = {Neisser, U},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds302180}
}
@article{fds253774,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {First-order approximation to English, second-order
approximation to English, and orthographic neighbor ratio
norms for 925 nouns},
Volume = {13},
Number = {6},
Pages = {713-721},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1981},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1554-351X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03207956},
Abstract = {First- and second-order approximations to English and
orthographic neighbor ratio values are provided for Paivio,
Yuille, and Madigan's (1968) 925 nouns. First- and
second-order approximations to English are information
theory measures of the probability of generating a word on a
letter-by-letter basis. The orthographic neighbor ratio is
the frequency of a word divided by the sum of the
frequencies of all words that can be generated by changing
one of its letters. Thus, the orthographic neighbor ratio
provides a measure of a sophisticated guessing model in
which partial information about a word is obtained and a
decision is made on the basis of the relative frequencies of
the possible responses. Correlations with existing norms are
reported. © 1981 Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03207956},
Key = {fds253774}
}
@article{fds253825,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Olson, EH and Richter, M and Butters,
N},
Title = {Memory for prose in Korsakoff and schizophrenic
populations.},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {81-85},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207458109043304},
Abstract = {Twelve alcoholic Korsakoff patients, their 12 alcoholic
controls, and 27 institutionalized schizophrenics and their
19 controls, recalled two stories. The clinical populations
recalled approximately half as much as their controls, yet
recalled the same parts of the stories as their controls.
For both groups the ability to process simple prose does not
seem to be severely impaired when what is recalled rather
than how much is recalled is measured.},
Doi = {10.3109/00207458109043304},
Key = {fds253825}
}
@article{fds253826,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Butters, N},
Title = {Clustering by alcoholic Korsakoff patients.},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {137-140},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(81)90053-1},
Abstract = {Twelve alcoholic Korsakoff patients and 12 alcoholic
controls recalled two clusterable lists, and two
nonclusterable lists. Korsakoff patients recalled more from
the clusterable than the nonclusterable lists. Detailed
analysis of the Korsakoff results indicate that while some
forms of semantic organization are impaired, the ability to
use associative structure remains intact. ©
1981.},
Doi = {10.1016/0028-3932(81)90053-1},
Key = {fds253826}
}
@article{fds253773,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Norms for 34 properties of 125 words},
Volume = {11},
Number = {19},
Pages = {Ms. 2213},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds253773}
}
@misc{fds302162,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Cognitive processes and oral traditions},
Pages = {173-180},
Booktitle = {International Musicological Society: Report of the Twelfth
Congress Berkeley 1977},
Publisher = {Barenreiter-Verlag},
Editor = {Heartz, D and Wade, B},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds302162}
}
@article{fds253827,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Olson, MJ},
Title = {Recall of semantic domains.},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {354-356},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1980},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0090-502X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03198275},
Abstract = {The order of recall of lists of words learned incidentally
was analyzed by multidimensional scaling similarity matrices
based on the number of times words were retrieved next to
each other. For the semantic domains of mammals, birds, and
kinship terms, retrieval from very long-term memory, both
for groups and individuals, and recall of recently learned
lists produced multidimensional solutions similar to
published solutions based on judged relatedness and
associative overlap. For the squares of the Monopoly board
and the names of the members of the Lawrence University
faculty, for which clear a priori category structures exist,
the form of clustering in the order and timing of recall
that is commonly found in recall of lists learned recently
in the laboratory was also found in the retrieval of lists
learned incidentally through multiple exposures over long
periods of time in the real world. © 1980 Psychonomic
Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/bf03198275},
Key = {fds253827}
}
@article{fds253775,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {51 properties of 125 words: A unit analysis of verbal
behavior},
Volume = {19},
Number = {6},
Pages = {736-755},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5371},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90415-6},
Abstract = {Values for 125 words were obtained for 51 scales including
measures of orthography, pronunciation, imagery,
categorizability, association, number of attributes,
age-of-acquisition, word frequency, goodness, emotionality,
autobiographical memory, tachistoscopic recognition, reading
latency, lexical decision, incidental and intentional
recall, recall using a mnemonic pathway, paired-associate
learning, and recognition. Six factors emerged: Spelling and
Sound, Imagery and Meaning, Word Frequency, Recall,
Emotionality, and Goodness. Implications for current
methodology and theory are discussed, including the claims:
that multivariate research is a necessary addition to the
study of verbal behavior; that a unidimensional concept such
as depth does not do justice to the complexity of recall;
and that associative frequency, emotionality, and
pronunciability are among the best predictors of our
commonly used tasks. © 1980 Academic Press,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90415-6},
Key = {fds253775}
}
@article{fds253687,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {On measuring fuzziness: a comment on "A fuzzy set approach
to modifiers and vagueness in natural language".},
Volume = {108},
Number = {4},
Pages = {486-489},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1979},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0096-3445},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979HW41500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Hersh and Caramazza's application of fuzzy set theory to
vagueness in natural language is criticized for including in
their measures of fuzziness response variability due to
experimental and statistical procedures.},
Doi = {10.1037//0096-3445.108.4.486},
Key = {fds253687}
}
@article{fds253828,
Author = {Brouwer, JR and Rubin, DC},
Title = {A simple design for an impossible triangle.},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {349-350},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p080349},
Doi = {10.1068/p080349},
Key = {fds253828}
}
@article{fds253777,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Word⇔initial and word⇔final ngram frequencies},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {171-183},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862967809547266},
Abstract = {Every word-initial and word-final letter cluster, or ngram,
that occurred in 30 or more different words in one million
words of running text is listed along with the number of
different words and the total number of words it appeared
in. The relation of this list to other counts is discussed.
© 1978, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1080/10862967809547266},
Key = {fds253777}
}
@article{fds253778,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {A unit analysis of prose memory},
Volume = {17},
Number = {5},
Pages = {599-620},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5371},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(78)90370-5},
Abstract = {Four stories were divided into function word units. These
units were assigned dependent variable values determined by
the scoring of subjects' recalls and independent variable
values determined by measures of gist, imagery, repetition,
frequency of occurrence, serial position, grammatical
connectedness, centrality in a propositional net, and
subjects' intuitions of which units would be remembered. The
independent variables were all statistically significant
predictors of recall. Subjects' intuitions and gist were the
best predictors of the more structured stories, while
repetition and serial position were the best predictors of
the less structured stories. For each story, the underlying
rank ordering of function word units from most to least
likely to be remembered was the same for all subjects (i.e.,
scalable). While changes in the retention interval, subject
population, and motivation level affected the amount
recalled, these changes had little affect on the rank
ordering of the units from most to least likely to be
remembered. Changes in the retrieval task from free recall
to prompted recall and recognition affected both the amount
and rank ordering of units. © 1978 Academic Press,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0022-5371(78)90370-5},
Key = {fds253778}
}
@article{fds253706,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Very long-term memory for prose and verse},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {611-621},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5371},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80023-6},
Abstract = {Recalls from five passages learned by undergraduates in the
course of growing up in America were obtained. Unlike
passages learned in the laboratory, the recalls, while
partial, were exact with no evidence of constructive memory.
Although there was no control over learning, practice or
retention interval, the data are among the most regular in
cognitive psychology. Function word, first letter, and music
prompts increased recalls while they decreased a mared
primacy effect evident in the free recall data. Free recalls
obtained from fifth and sixth graders resembled the adult
data. Recalls tended to begin and end at breath pause
locations. The results fit a simple model of associative
chaining retrieval of passively stored surface structure
units. © 1977 Academic Press, Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80023-6},
Key = {fds253706}
}
@article{fds253829,
Author = {Rubin, DC and Rebson, DJ},
Title = {A halo visual illusion.},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {227-230},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p060227},
Abstract = {A visual illusion consisting of transparent halos extending
beyond the boundaries of rotating discs is reported. The
effect can be obtained by rotating a variety of
black-and-white discs at moderate speeds. It is not due
solely to rods, as opposed to cones, and does not appear to
be explainable in terms of intermittent stimulation of
portions of visual fields of fixed visual
angle.},
Doi = {10.1068/p060227},
Key = {fds253829}
}
@article{fds253830,
Author = {Kenny, DA and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman
Scaling},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {188-196},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0049-089X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(77)90007-2},
Abstract = {A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two
chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first
measure assumes that the items are independent. The second
method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and
item margins by an iterative method used in fitting
log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized
in terms of assumptions about respondent variability. ©
1977.},
Doi = {10.1016/0049-089X(77)90007-2},
Key = {fds253830}
}
@article{fds253831,
Author = {Brown, L and Heymann, S and Preskill, B and Rubin, DC and Wuletich,
T},
Title = {Leading questions and the eyewitness report of a live and a
described incident},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {1041-1042},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds253831}
}
@article{fds253780,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Frequency of occurrence as a psychophysical continuum:
Weber's fraction, Ekman's fraction, range effects, and the
phi-gamma hypothesis},
Volume = {20},
Number = {5},
Pages = {327-330},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1976},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0031-5117},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03199413},
Abstract = {Using the continuum of frequency of occurrence of words in
English, it was found that: (1) errors in judgment are
distributed lognormally rather than normally, and therefore
the standard method of calculating Weber's fraction
underestimates its definition, (2) Weber's fraction has an
extremely large value of 3.3, (3)Ekman's fraction equals
1.81, not .03 as with sensory continua, and (4)the logarithm
of the dynamic range times Stevens' law exponent equals
3.83, not 1.53 as with sensory continua. The last two
results favor Teghtsoonian's underlying sensory scale
interpretation over Poulton's range effects interpretation
of the range-exponent relation. © 1976 Psychonomic Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03199413},
Key = {fds253780}
}
@article{fds253779,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The effectiveness of context before, after, and around a
missing word},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {214-216},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1976},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0031-5117},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03204230},
Abstract = {The probability of correctly guessing a missing word was
measured using lour different kinds of context: all words
before the missing word (forward context), all words after
the missing word (backward context), all words before and
the one word after the missing word (surround context), and
just the one word after the missing word. The probability of
correctly guessing a missing word was greater with the
forward than with the backward context. The probability of
guessing correctly with the surround context was much
greater than would be predicted from the independent
combination of its forward and one word after components.
The results provide evidence that expectations are formed
continuously during comprehension, but not in a strict
word-by-word order. Implications for information theory are
noted. © 1976 Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03204230},
Key = {fds253779}
}
@article{fds253781,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Applying psychometric methods in linguistic research: Some
recent advances},
Volume = {14},
Number = {168},
Pages = {63-66},
Publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
Year = {1976},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling.1976.14.168.63},
Doi = {10.1515/ling.1976.14.168.63},
Key = {fds253781}
}
@article{fds253767,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {A simple method for producing figures for
publication},
Journal = {Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {40-41},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds253767}
}
@article{fds253782,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {Within word structure in the tip-of-the-tongue
phenomenon},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {392-397},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-5371},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80018-1},
Abstract = {Definitions of four rare words were read to 259 undergradua
tes. Those subjects who were in the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)
state recorded all the letters they knew. The within-word
structure of the resulting 101 partial recalls was
indistinguishable from that of similar sounding words from
earlier studies. In both sets of data, morpheme-like
clusters of letters were evident. The recall of high
frequency clusters at the end of words could not be
explained in terms of sophisticated guessing. The results
support a distinct memory system for word names which is
organized for use in the production and perception of speech
and writing. © 1975 Academic Press, Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80018-1},
Key = {fds253782}
}
@article{fds253783,
Author = {Rubin, DC},
Title = {The subjective estimation of relative syllable
frequency},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {193-196},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {1974},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0031-5117},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03203273},
Abstract = {Ss are able to judge the relative frequency of occurrence in
English of nonmorphemic syllables independent of phoneme
frequency. The results support a theory of speech perception
based on the syllable as a unit as opposed to the phoneme.
© 1974 Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03203273},
Key = {fds253783}
}
@misc{fds26478,
Author = {Garfein, A. and Rindner, W. and Rubin, D.C.},
Title = {Electricity measurement devices employing liquid crystalline
materials},
Journal = {United States Patent Number 3,667,039},
Year = {1972},
Key = {fds26478}
}
@article{fds253794,
Author = {Melamed, L and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Selected optical properties of mixtures of cholesteric
liquid crystals},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {1103-1107},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds253794}
}
@article{fds253795,
Author = {Melamed, L and Rubin, DC},
Title = {Electric field hysteresis effects in cholesteric liquid
crystals},
Journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {149-150},
Year = {1970},
Key = {fds253795}
}
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