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| Publications of Jeffrey R. Vincent :chronological alphabetical combined listing:%% Books @book{fds359787, Author = {Vincent, JR and Curran, SR and Ashton, MS}, Title = {Forest Restoration in Low- And Middle-Income Countries}, Volume = {46}, Pages = {289-317}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-020159}, Abstract = {A series of international initiatives have set ambitious goals for restoring global forests. This review synthesizes natural and social science research on forest restoration (FR), with a focus on restoration on cleared land in low- and middle-income countries. We define restoration more broadly than reestablishing native forests, given that landholders might prefer other forest types. We organize the review loosely around ideas in the forest transition literature. We begin by examining recent trends in FR and forest transition indicators. We then investigate two primary parts of the forest transition explanation for forest recovery: wood scarcity, including its connection to restoration for climate change mitigation, and the dynamic relationships between migration and land use. Next, we review ecological and silvicultural aspects of restoration on cleared land. We conclude by discussing selected interventions to promote restoration and the challenge of scaling up restoration to achieve international initiatives' goals.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-020159}, Key = {fds359787} } @book{fds335846, Author = {Maler, K-G}, Title = {Handbook of Environmental Economics Economywide and International Environmental Issues}, Pages = {556 pages}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {2005}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780080459165}, Abstract = {This is also where some of the most of challenging environmental policy issues occur.}, Key = {fds335846} } @book{fds335847, Author = {Vincent, JR and Ali, RM}, Title = {Managing Natural Wealth Environment and Development in Malaysia}, Pages = {468 pages}, Publisher = {Resources for the Future}, Year = {2005}, ISBN = {9781933115207}, Abstract = {“Loggers fined RM24m.” New Straits Times. January 29. Krutilla, J.V. 1991. “ Environmental resource services of Malaysian moist tropical forests.” Mimeo. Kumar, R. 1986. The Forest Resources of Malaysia: Their Economics and Development.}, Key = {fds335847} } @book{fds335848, Author = {Perrings, C and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Natural resource accounting and economic development theory and practice}, Pages = {273 pages}, Publisher = {Edward Elgar Pub}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds335848} } @book{fds335849, Author = {Mäler, K-G and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Handbook of Environmental Economics: Valuing environmental changes}, Pages = {642 pages}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {2003}, ISBN = {9780444511454}, Abstract = {In: Dixon, J.A., Hufschmidt, J.A. (Eds.), Economic Valuation Techniques for the Environment: A Case Study Workbook. ... In: J.R. Vincent, E.W. Crawford, J.P. Hoehn, (Eds.), Valuing Environmental Benefits in Developing Countries, Special ...}, Key = {fds335849} } @book{fds335850, Author = {Mäler, K-G and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Handbook of Environmental Economics}, Pages = {587 pages}, Year = {2003}, ISBN = {9780444500632}, Key = {fds335850} } @book{fds335851, Title = {Indonesia Environment and Natural Resource Management in a Time of Transition}, Pages = {129 pages}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds335851} } @book{fds335852, Title = {Finance for Sustainable Development The Road Ahead : Proceedings of the Fourth Group Meeting on Financial Issues of Agenda 21, Santiago Chile, 1997}, Pages = {503 pages}, Publisher = {United Nations Publications}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {Through its extensive research & policy analysis, this book provides guidance to policy makers in government & the private sector on how to finance sustainable development.}, Key = {fds335852} } %% Papers Published @article{fds371897, Author = {Holl, KD and Bukoski, JJ and Curran, SR and Potts, MD and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Abandoned land: Overestimated potential.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {381}, Number = {6655}, Pages = {277-278}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adi8780}, Doi = {10.1126/science.adi8780}, Key = {fds371897} } @article{fds371561, Author = {Walker, B and Crépin, AS and Nyström, M and Anderies, JM and Andersson, E and Elmqvist, T and Queiroz, C and Barrett, S and Bennett, E and Cardenas, JC and Carpenter, SR and Chapin, FS and de Zeeuw, A and Fischer, J and Folke, C and Levin, S and Nyborg, K and Polasky, S and Segerson, K and Seto, KC and Scheffer, M and Shogren, JF and Tavoni, A and van den Bergh, J and Weber, EU and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Response diversity as a sustainability strategy}, Journal = {Nature Sustainability}, Volume = {6}, Number = {6}, Pages = {621-629}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-01048-7}, Abstract = {Financial advisers recommend a diverse portfolio to respond to market fluctuations across sectors. Similarly, nature has evolved a diverse portfolio of species to maintain ecosystem function amid environmental fluctuations. In urban planning, public health, transport and communications, food production, and other domains, however, this feature often seems ignored. As we enter an era of unprecedented turbulence at the planetary level, we argue that ample responses to this new reality — that is, response diversity — can no longer be taken for granted and must be actively designed and managed. We describe here what response diversity is, how it is expressed and how it can be enhanced and lost.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41893-022-01048-7}, Key = {fds371561} } @article{fds362207, Author = {He, W and Nabangchang, O and Erdman, K and Vanko, ACA and Poudel, P and Giri, C and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Inferring Economic Impacts from a Program's Physical Outcomes: An Application to Forest Protection in Thailand.}, Journal = {Environmental & resource economics}, Volume = {84}, Number = {3}, Pages = {845-876}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-021-00644-z}, Abstract = {Economists typically estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) when evaluating government programs. The economic interpretation of the ATT can be ambiguous when program outcomes are measured in purely physical terms, as they often are in evaluations of environmental programs (e.g., avoided deforestation). This paper presents an approach for inferring economic impacts from physical outcomes when the ATT is estimated using propensity-score matching. For the case of forest protection, we show that a protection program's ex post economic impact, as perceived by the government agency responsible for protection decisions, can be proxied by a weighted ATT, with the weights derived from the propensity of being treated (i.e., protected). We apply this new metric to mangrove protection in Thailand during 1987-2000. We find that the government's protection program avoided the loss of 12.8% of the economic value associated with the protected mangrove area. This estimate is about a quarter smaller than the conventional ATT for avoided deforestation, 17.3 percentage points. The difference between the two measures indicates that the program tended to be less effective at reducing deforestation in locations where the government perceived the net benefits of protection as being greater, which is the opposite of the relationship that would characterize a maximally effective program.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-021-00644-z}, Key = {fds362207} } @article{fds367269, Author = {Shyamsundar, P and Cohen, F and Boucher, TM and Kroeger, T and Erbaugh, JT and Waterfield, G and Clarke, C and Cook-Patton, SC and Garcia, E and Juma, K and Kaur, S and Leisher, C and Miller, DC and Oester, K and Saigal, S and Siikamaki, J and Sills, EO and Thaung, T and Trihadmojo, B and Veiga, F and Vincent, JR and Yi, Y and Zhang, XX}, Title = {Scaling smallholder tree cover restoration across the tropics}, Journal = {Global Environmental Change}, Volume = {76}, Year = {2022}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102591}, Abstract = {Restoring tree cover in tropical countries has the potential to benefit millions of smallholders through improvements in income and environmental services. However, despite their dominant landholding shares in many countries, smallholders’ role in restoration has not been addressed in prior global or pan-tropical restoration studies. We fill this lacuna by using global spatial data on trees and people, national indicators of enabling conditions, and micro-level expert information. We find that by 2050, low-cost restoration is feasible within 280, 200, and 60 million hectares of tropical croplands, pasturelands, and degraded forestlands, respectively. Such restoration could affect 210 million people in croplands, 59 million people in pasturelands and 22 million people in degraded forestlands. This predominance of low-cost restoration opportunity in populated agricultural lands has not been revealed by prior analyses of tree cover restoration potential. In countries with low-cost tropical restoration potential, smallholdings comprise a significant proportion of agricultural lands in Asia (∼76 %) and Africa (∼60 %) but not the Americas (∼3%). Thus, while the Americas account for approximately half of 21st century tropical deforestation, smallholder-based reforestation may play a larger role in efforts to reverse recent forest loss in Asia and Africa than in the Americas. Furthermore, our analyses show that countries with low-cost restoration potential largely lack policy commitments or smallholder supportive institutional and market conditions. Discussions among practitioners and researchers suggest that four principles – partnering with farmers and prioritizing their preferences, reducing uncertainty, strengthening markets, and mobilizing innovative financing – can help scale smallholder-driven restoration in the face of these challenges.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102591}, Key = {fds367269} } @article{fds366698, Author = {Holl, KD and Ashton, MS and Bukoski, JJ and Culbertson, KA and Curran, SR and Harris, TB and Potts, MD and Valverde, YL and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Redefining “abandoned” agricultural land in the context of reforestation}, Journal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change}, Volume = {5}, Year = {2022}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.933887}, Abstract = {Global mapping efforts to date have relied on vague and oversimplified definitions of “abandoned” agricultural land which results in overestimates of the land area that is likely to support persistent increases in forest cover and associated carbon sequestration. We propose a new conceptualization of abandoned agricultural land that incorporates changes in landholding status over time into determining whether land should be considered as abandoned. In order to develop more realistic estimates of the amount of land available for reforestation, we recommend clearly defining how abandoned land is categorized, discerning who owns and has rights to use the land, and combining remotely sensed data with household/stakeholder surveys to understand landowner motivations for not cropping or grazing land.}, Doi = {10.3389/ffgc.2022.933887}, Key = {fds366698} } @article{fds351442, Author = {Vincent, JR and Nabangchang, O and Shi, C}, Title = {Is the Distribution of Ecosystem Service Benefits Pro-Poor? Evidence from Water Purification by Forests in Thailand}, Journal = {Water Economics and Policy}, Volume = {6}, Number = {3}, Year = {2020}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X20500058}, Abstract = {Forests are widely believed to provide a water purification service that reduces the cost of treating drinking water, but few empirical economic studies have investigated this service in developing countries, where deforestation rates and thus threats to the service tend to be higher than in developed countries. Even fewer studies have investigated the distribution of the benefits of this service, or any other regulating ecosystem service for that matter, in either developing or developed countries. Using quarterly panel data for 158 water utilities in Thailand during 2004-2014, we find robust evidence that forests significantly reduced the material cost of water treatment, but we find no evidence that the cost reductions were progressive in the sense of being larger in provinces with higher poverty rates. The economic justification for source water protection in Thailand appears to hinge purely on considerations of efficiency-does source water protection provide net benefits?-not on the distribution of those benefits between poorer and richer locations. Research in other countries is needed to determine if the absence of pro-poor distributional impacts of forest water purification is unique to Thailand or the norm and if interventions that enhance forest water purification significantly reduce poverty in locations served by treated drinking water systems.}, Doi = {10.1142/S2382624X20500058}, Key = {fds351442} } @article{fds326615, Author = {Pattanayak, SK and Kramer, RA and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Ecosystem change and human health: implementation economics and policy.}, Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, Volume = {372}, Number = {1722}, Year = {2017}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0130}, Abstract = {Several recent initiatives such as Planetary Health, EcoHealth and One Health claim that human health depends on flourishing natural ecosystems. However, little has been said about the operational and implementation challenges of health-oriented conservation actions on the ground. We contend that ecological-epidemiological research must be complemented by a form of implementation science that examines: (i) the links between specific conservation actions and the resulting ecological changes, and (ii) how this ecological change impacts human health and well-being, when human behaviours are considered. Drawing on the policy evaluation tradition in public economics, first, we present three examples of recent social science research on conservation interventions that affect human health. These examples are from low- and middle-income countries in the tropics and subtropics. Second, drawing on these examples, we present three propositions related to impact evaluation and non-market valuation that can help guide future multidisciplinary research on conservation and human health. Research guided by these propositions will allow stakeholders to determine how ecosystem-mediated strategies for health promotion compare with more conventional biomedical prevention and treatment strategies for safeguarding health.This article is part of the themed issue 'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.}, Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0130}, Key = {fds326615} } @article{fds326616, Author = {Young, HS and Wood, CL and Kilpatrick, AM and Lafferty, KD and Nunn, CL and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications.}, Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, Volume = {372}, Number = {1722}, Pages = {20160124}, Year = {2017}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0124}, Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0124}, Key = {fds326616} } @article{fds322055, Author = {Strand, J and Carson, RT and Navrud, S and Ortiz-Bobea, A and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Using the Delphi method to value protection of the Amazon rainforest}, Journal = {Ecological Economics}, Volume = {131}, Pages = {475-484}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2017}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.09.028}, Abstract = {Valuing global environmental public goods can serve to mobilize international resources for their protection. While stated-preference valuation methods have been applied extensively to public goods valuation in individual countries, applications to global public goods with surveys in multiple countries are scarce due to complex and costly implementation. Benefit transfer is effectively infeasible when there are few existing studies valuing similar goods. The Delphi method, which relies on expert opinion, offers a third alternative. We explore this method for estimating the value of protecting the Amazon rainforest, by asking more than 200 environmental valuation experts from 37 countries on four continents to predict the outcome of a contingent valuation survey to elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for Amazon forest protection by their own countries' populations. The average annual per-household values of avoiding a 30% forest loss in the Amazon by 2050, assessed by experts, vary from a few dollars in low-income Asian countries, to a high near $100 in Canada, Germany and Norway. The elasticity with respect to average (PPP-adjusted) per-household incomes is close to unity. Results from the Delphi study match remarkably well those from a recent population stated-preference survey in Canada and the United States, using a similar valuation scenario.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.09.028}, Key = {fds322055} } @article{fds315061, Author = {Vincent, JR and Ahmad, I and Adnan, N and Burwell, WB and Pattanayak, SK and Tan-Soo, JS and Thomas, K}, Title = {Valuing Water Purification by Forests: An Analysis of Malaysian Panel Data}, Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, Volume = {64}, Number = {1}, Pages = {59-80}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2016}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0924-6460}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9934-9}, Abstract = {Water purification might be the most frequently invoked example of an economically valuable ecosystem service, yet the impacts of upstream land use on downstream municipal water treatment costs remain poorly understood. This is especially true in developing countries, where rates of deforestation are highest and cost-effective expansion of safe water supplies is needed the most. We present the first econometric study to estimate directly the effect of tropical forests on water treatment cost. We exploit a rich panel dataset from Malaysia, which enables us to control for a wide range of potentially confounding factors. We find significant, robust evidence that protecting both virgin and logged forests against conversion to nonforest land uses reduced water treatment costs, with protection of virgin forests reducing costs more. The marginal value of this water purification service varied greatly across treatment plants, thus implying that the service offered a stronger rationale for forest protection in some locations than others. On average, the service value was large relative to treatment plants’ expenditures on priced inputs, but it was very small compared to producer surpluses for competing land uses. For various reasons, however, the latter comparison exaggerates the shortfall between the benefits and the costs of enhancing water purification by protecting forests. Moreover, forest protection decisions that appear to be economically unjustified when only water purification is considered might be justified when a broader range of services is taken into account.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-015-9934-9}, Key = {fds315061} } @article{fds322056, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Erratum to: Impact Evaluation of Forest Conservation Programs: Benefit-Cost Analysis, Without the Economics (Environ Resource Econ, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-015-9896-y)}, Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, Volume = {63}, Number = {2}, Pages = {409}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2016}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9909-x}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-015-9909-x}, Key = {fds322056} } @article{fds311126, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Impact Evaluation of Forest Conservation Programs: Benefit-Cost Analysis, Without the Economics}, Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, Volume = {63}, Number = {2}, Pages = {395-408}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2016}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0924-6460}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9896-y}, Abstract = {Economists are increasingly using impact evaluation methods to measure the effectiveness of forest conservation programs. Theoretical analysis of two complementary economic models demonstrates that the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) typically reported by these studies can be related to an economic measure of program performance only under very restrictive conditions. This is because the ATT is usually expressed in purely physical terms (e.g., avoided deforestation) and ignores heterogeneity in the costs and benefits of conservation programs. For the same reasons, clinical trials are a misleading analogy for the evaluation of conservation programs. To be more useful for economic analyses of conservation programs, impact evaluations should work toward developing measures of program outcomes that are economically more relevant, data that would enable the evaluation of impacts on forest degradation (not just deforestation) and primary forests (not forests in general), better estimates of spatially disaggregated treatment effects (not program-wide averages), and better information on the accuracy of estimated treatment effects as predictors of future risks.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-015-9896-y}, Key = {fds311126} } @article{fds322057, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Avoided deforestation: Not a good measure of conservation impact}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Volume = {28}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-3}, Year = {2016}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds322057} } @article{fds311127, Author = {Tan-Soo, JS and Adnan, N and Ahmad, I and Pattanayak, SK and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Econometric Evidence on Forest Ecosystem Services: Deforestation and Flooding in Malaysia}, Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, Volume = {63}, Number = {1}, Pages = {25-44}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2016}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0924-6460}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9834-4}, Abstract = {Governments around the world are increasingly invoking hydrological services, such as flood mitigation and water purification, as a justification for forest conservation programs in upstream areas. Yet, rigorous empirical evidence that these programs are actually delivering the intended services remains scant. We investigate the effect of deforestation on flood-mitigation services in Peninsular Malaysia during 1984–2000, a period when detailed data on both flood events and land-use change are available for 31 river basins. Floods are the most common natural disaster in tropical regions, but the ability of tropical forests to mitigate large-scale floods associated with heavy rainfall events remains disputed. We find that the conversion of inland tropical forests to oil palm and rubber plantations significantly increased the number of days flooded during the wettest months of the year. Our results demonstrate the importance of using disaggregated land-use data, controlling for potentially confounding factors, and applying appropriate estimators in econometric studies on forest ecosystem services.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-014-9834-4}, Key = {fds311127} } @article{fds322058, Author = {Carson, RT and DeShazo, JR and Schwabe, KA and Vincent, JR and Ahmad, I}, Title = {Incorporating local visitor valuation information into the design of new recreation sites in tropical forests}, Journal = {Ecological Economics}, Volume = {120}, Pages = {338-349}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2015}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.009}, Abstract = {In rapidly industrializing countries, decisions need to be made as to what characteristics new tropical forest parks in or near urban areas should have. Using a discrete choice experiment, we estimate prospective visitors' willingness-to-pay for a range of forest park characteristics for a representative sample of Malaysian households in the Kuala Lumpur-Selangor region. To enable park managers to adapt park designs to important types of heterogeneity among park visitors, we further identify how these estimates vary across geography (i.e., residential location: urban, suburban, rural), major ethnic groups, and patterns of recreational behavior. We show how a model that includes a wide array of visitor heterogeneity can be used to identify configurations of park characteristics that maximize social welfare across both the general sample and specific subgroups of prospective visitors.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.009}, Key = {fds322058} } @article{fds322059, Author = {Mock, CN and Donkor, P and Gawande, A and Jamison, DT and Kruk, ME and Debas, HT and DCP3 Essential Surgery Author Group}, Title = {Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition.}, Journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, Volume = {385}, Number = {9983}, Pages = {2209-2219}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60091-5}, Abstract = {The World Bank will publish the nine volumes of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition, in 2015-16. Volume 1--Essential Surgery--identifies 44 surgical procedures as essential on the basis that they address substantial needs, are cost effective, and are feasible to implement. This report summarises and critically assesses the volume's five key findings. First, provision of essential surgical procedures would avert about 1·5 million deaths a year, or 6-7% of all avertable deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. Second, essential surgical procedures rank among the most cost effective of all health interventions. The surgical platform of the first-level hospital delivers 28 of the 44 essential procedures, making investment in this platform also highly cost effective. Third, measures to expand access to surgery, such as task sharing, have been shown to be safe and effective while countries make long-term investments in building surgical and anaesthesia workforces. Because emergency procedures constitute 23 of the 28 procedures provided at first-level hospitals, expansion of access requires that such facilities be widely geographically diffused. Fourth, substantial disparities remain in the safety of surgical care, driven by high perioperative mortality rates including anaesthesia-related deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. Feasible measures, such as WHO's Surgical Safety Checklist, have led to improvements in safety and quality. Fifth, the large burden of surgical disorders, cost-effectiveness of essential surgery, and strong public demand for surgical services suggest that universal coverage of essential surgery should be financed early on the path to universal health coverage. We point to estimates that full coverage of the component of universal coverage of essential surgery applicable to first-level hospitals would require just over US$3 billion annually of additional spending and yield a benefit-cost ratio of more than 10:1. It would efficiently and equitably provide health benefits, financial protection, and contributions to stronger health systems.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60091-5}, Key = {fds322059} } @article{fds301899, Author = {Alkire, BC and Shrime, MG and Dare, AJ and Vincent, JR and Meara, JG}, Title = {Global economic consequences of selected surgical diseases: a modelling study.}, Journal = {The Lancet. Global health}, Volume = {3 Suppl 2}, Pages = {S21-S27}, Year = {2015}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(15)70088-4}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The surgical burden of disease is substantial, but little is known about the associated economic consequences. We estimate the global macroeconomic impact of the surgical burden of disease due to injury, neoplasm, digestive diseases, and maternal and neonatal disorders from two distinct economic perspectives.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained mortality rate estimates for each disease for the years 2000 and 2010 from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease 2010 study, and estimates of the proportion of the burden of the selected diseases that is surgical from a paper by Shrime and colleagues. We first used the value of lost output (VLO) approach, based on the WHO's Projecting the Economic Cost of Ill-Health (EPIC) model, to project annual market economy losses due to these surgical diseases during 2015-30. EPIC attempts to model how disease affects a country's projected labour force and capital stock, which in turn are related to losses in economic output, or gross domestic product (GDP). We then used the value of lost welfare (VLW) approach, which is conceptually based on the value of a statistical life and is inclusive of non-market losses, to estimate the present value of long-run welfare losses resulting from mortality and short-run welfare losses resulting from morbidity incurred during 2010. Sensitivity analyses were performed for both approaches.<h4>Findings</h4>During 2015-30, the VLO approach projected that surgical conditions would result in losses of 1·25% of potential GDP, or $20·7 trillion (2010 US$, purchasing power parity) in the 128 countries with data available. When expressed as a proportion of potential GDP, annual GDP losses were greatest in low-income and middle-income countries, with up to a 2·5% loss in output by 2030. When total welfare losses are assessed (VLW), the present value of economic losses is estimated to be equivalent to 17% of 2010 GDP, or $14·5 trillion in the 175 countries assessed with this approach. Neoplasm and injury account for greater than 95% of total economic losses with each approach, but maternal, digestive, and neonatal disorders, which represent only 4% of losses in high-income countries with the VLW approach, contribute to 26% of losses in low-income countries.<h4>Interpretation</h4>The macroeconomic impact of surgical disease is substantial and inequitably distributed. When paired with the growing number of favourable cost-effectiveness analyses of surgical interventions in low-income and middle-income countries, our results suggest that building surgical capacity should be a global health priority.<h4>Funding</h4>US National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute.}, Doi = {10.1016/s2214-109x(15)70088-4}, Key = {fds301899} } @article{fds301900, Author = {Schwabe, KA and Carson, RT and DeShazo, JR and Potts, MD and Reese, AN and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Creation of Malaysia’s Royal Belum State Park: A Case Study of Conservation in a Developing Country}, Journal = {Journal of Environment and Development}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {54-81}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2015}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1070-4965}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496514551173}, Abstract = {The incentives for resource extraction and development make the conservation of biodiversity challenging within tropical forestlands. The 2007 establishment of the Royal Belum State Park in the Malaysian state of Perak offers lessons for creating protected areas in tropical countries where subnational governments are major forestland owners. This article elucidates the social and political forces that influenced Royal Belum’s creation. Those forces included Malaysian conservation groups’ efforts to establish the ecological uniqueness of the site and rally public support to protect it; the Perak state government, which is the landowner under Malaysia’s constitution, seeking a protection option that would minimize the economic costs to it (and perhaps generate net economic benefits); and the federal government providing a legal framework and support for park protection and ecotourism development. Successful long-run protection of Royal Belum will require action beyond simply designating the area as protected.}, Doi = {10.1177/1070496514551173}, Key = {fds301900} } @article{fds301897, Author = {Austin, KG and Kasibhatla, PS and Urban, DL and Stolle, F and Vincent, J}, Title = {Reconciling oil palm expansion and climate change mitigation in Kalimantan, Indonesia.}, Journal = {PloS one}, Volume = {10}, Number = {5}, Pages = {e0127963}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127963}, Abstract = {Our society faces the pressing challenge of increasing agricultural production while minimizing negative consequences on ecosystems and the global climate. Indonesia, which has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from deforestation while doubling production of several major agricultural commodities, exemplifies this challenge. Here we focus on palm oil, the world's most abundant vegetable oil and a commodity that has contributed significantly to Indonesia's economy. Most oil palm expansion in the country has occurred at the expense of forests, resulting in significant GHG emissions. We examine the extent to which land management policies can resolve the apparently conflicting goals of oil palm expansion and GHG mitigation in Kalimantan, a major oil palm growing region of Indonesia. Using a logistic regression model to predict the locations of new oil palm between 2010 and 2020 we evaluate the impacts of six alternative policy scenarios on future emissions. We estimate net emissions of 128.4-211.4 MtCO2 yr(-1) under business as usual expansion of oil palm plantations. The impact of diverting new plantations to low carbon stock land depends on the design of the policy. We estimate that emissions can be reduced by 9-10% by extending the current moratorium on new concessions in primary forests and peat lands, 35% by limiting expansion on all peat and forestlands, 46% by limiting expansion to areas with moderate carbon stocks, and 55-60% by limiting expansion to areas with low carbon stocks. Our results suggest that these policies would reduce oil palm profits only moderately but would vary greatly in terms of cost-effectiveness of emissions reductions. We conclude that a carefully designed and implemented oil palm expansion plan can contribute significantly towards Indonesia's national emissions mitigation goal, while allowing oil palm area to double.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0127963}, Key = {fds301897} } @article{fds301901, Author = {DeShazo, JR and Carson, RT and Schwabe, KA and Vincent, JR and Ismariah, A and Chong, SK and Chang, YT}, Title = {Designing and implementing surveys to value tropical forests}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Volume = {27}, Number = {1}, Pages = {92-114}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0128-1283}, Abstract = {This paper describes a household survey that was used to collect data for valuing protection and recreational use of tropical rainforests in Peninsular Malaysia. The survey was developed and implemented from 2007 till 2010 and was the largest environmental valuation survey ever conducted in Malaysia. It included modules related to both stated-preference valuation (discrete choice experiments; DCEs) and revealed-preference valuation methods (recreation demand models). The first part of this paper covers three issues: development of the survey instrument, design of the DCEs and structure of the instrument. The second part provides details on the survey itself (sample design, survey administration), presents preliminary results and suggests improvements to the survey.}, Key = {fds301901} } @article{fds301902, Author = {Vincent, JR and Carson, RT and DeShazo, JR and Schwabe, KA and Ahmad, I and Chong, SK and Chang, YT and Potts, MD}, Title = {Tropical countries may be willing to pay more to protect their forests.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {111}, Number = {28}, Pages = {10113-10118}, Year = {2014}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312246111}, Abstract = {Inadequate funding from developed countries has hampered international efforts to conserve biodiversity in tropical forests. We present two complementary research approaches that reveal a significant increase in public demand for conservation within tropical developing countries as those countries reach upper-middle-income (UMI) status. We highlight UMI tropical countries because they contain nearly four-fifths of tropical primary forests, which are rich in biodiversity and stored carbon. The first approach is a set of statistical analyses of various cross-country conservation indicators, which suggests that protective government policies have lagged behind the increase in public demand in these countries. The second approach is a case study from Malaysia, which reveals in a more integrated fashion the linkages from rising household income to increased household willingness to pay for conservation, nongovernmental organization activity, and delayed government action. Our findings suggest that domestic funding in UMI tropical countries can play a larger role in (i) closing the funding gap for tropical forest conservation, and (ii) paying for supplementary conservation actions linked to international payments for reduced greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in tropical countries.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312246111}, Key = {fds301902} } @article{fds301903, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {EDE: Job well done, but job not yet done}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {19}, Number = {3}, Pages = {318-320}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1355-770X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X14000291}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X14000291}, Key = {fds301903} } @article{fds301904, Author = {Ferreira, S and Hamilton, K and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Does development reduce fatalities from natural disasters? New evidence for floods}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {18}, Number = {6}, Pages = {649-679}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2013}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1355-770X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X13000387}, Abstract = {We analyze the impact of development on flood fatalities using a new data set of 2,171 large floods in 92 countries between 1985 and 2008. Our results challenge the conventional wisdom that development results in fewer fatalities during natural disasters. Results indicating that higher income and better governance reduce fatalities during flood events do not hold up when unobserved country heterogeneity and within-country correlation of standard errors are taken into account. We find that income does have a significant, indirect effect on flood fatalities by affecting flood frequency and flood magnitude, but this effect is nonmonotonic, with net reductions in fatalities occurring only in lower income countries. We find little evidence that improved governance affects flood fatalities either directly or indirectly. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X13000387}, Key = {fds301904} } @article{fds301906, Author = {Levin, S and Xepapadeas, T and Crépin, AS and Norberg, J and De Zeeuw, A and Folke, C and Hughes, T and Arrow, K and Barrett, S and Daily, G and Ehrlich, P and Kautsky, N and Mäler, KG and Polasky, S and Troell, M and Vincent, JR and Walker, B}, Title = {Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems: Modeling and policy implications}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Pages = {111-132}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {1355-770X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316190400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Systems linking people and nature, known as social-ecological systems, are increasingly understood as complex adaptive systems. Essential features of these complex adaptive systems - such as nonlinear feedbacks, strategic interactions, individual and spatial heterogeneity, and varying time scales - pose substantial challenges for modeling. However, ignoring these characteristics can distort our picture of how these systems work, causing policies to be less effective or even counterproductive. In this paper we present recent developments in modeling social-ecological systems, illustrate some of these challenges with examples related to coral reefs and grasslands, and identify the implications for economic and policy analysis. © 2012 Cambridge University Press.}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X12000460}, Key = {fds301906} } @article{fds301946, Author = {Auffhammer, M and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Unobserved time effects confound the identification of climate change impacts.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {109}, Number = {30}, Pages = {11973-11974}, Year = {2012}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202049109}, Abstract = {A recent study by Feng et al. [Feng S, Krueger A, Oppenheimer M (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:14257-14262] in PNAS reported statistical evidence of a weather-driven causal effect of crop yields on human migration from Mexico to the United States. We show that this conclusion is based on a different statistical model than the one stated in the paper. When we correct for this mistake, there is no evidence of a causal link.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1202049109}, Key = {fds301946} } @article{fds301948, Author = {Hughes, CD and Babigian, A and McCormack, S and Alkire, BC and Wong, A and Pap, SA and Vincent, JR and Meara, JG and Castiglione, C and Silverman, R}, Title = {The clinical and economic impact of a sustained program in global plastic surgery: valuing cleft care in resource-poor settings.}, Journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery}, Volume = {130}, Number = {1}, Pages = {87e-94e}, Year = {2012}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0032-1052}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e318254b2a2}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The development of surgery in low- and middle-income countries has been limited by a belief that it is too expensive to be sustainable. However, subspecialist surgical care can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits in low-resource settings. The goal of this study is to describe the clinical and economic impact of recurrent short-term plastic surgical trips in low- and middle-income countries.<h4>Methods</h4>The authors conducted a retrospective review of clinic and operative logbooks from Hands Across the World's surgical experience in Ecuador. The authors calculated the disability-adjusted life-years averted to estimate the clinical impact of cleft repair and then calculated the economic impact of surgical intervention for cleft disease.<h4>Results</h4>One thousand one hundred forty-two reconstructive surgical cases were performed over 15 years. Surgery was most commonly performed for scar contractures [449 cases (39.3 percent)], of which burn scars comprised a substantial amount [215 cases (18.8 percent)]. There were 40 postoperative complications within 7 days of operation (3.5 percent), and partial wound dehiscence was the most common complication [16 of 40 (40 percent)]. Cleft disorders constituted 277 cases (24.3 percent), and 102 cases were primary cleft lip and/or palate cases. Between 396 and 1042 total disability-adjusted life-years were averted through surgery for these 102 cases of primary cleft repair. This translates to an economic benefit between $4.7 million (human capital approach) and $27.5 million (value of a statistical life approach).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Plastic surgical disease is a significant source of morbidity for patients in resource-limited regions. Dedicated programs that provide essential reconstructive surgery can produce substantial clinical and economic benefits to host countries.}, Doi = {10.1097/prs.0b013e318254b2a2}, Key = {fds301948} } @article{fds301949, Author = {Auffhammer, M and Ramanathan, V and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Climate change, the monsoon, and rice yield in India}, Journal = {Climatic Change}, Volume = {111}, Number = {2}, Pages = {411-424}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2012}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0165-0009}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0208-4}, Abstract = {Recent research indicates that monsoon rainfall became less frequent but more intense in India during the latter half of the Twentieth Century, thus increasing the risk of drought and flood damage to the country's wet-season (kharif) rice crop. Our statistical analysis of state-level Indian data confirms that drought and extreme rainfall negatively affected rice yield (harvest per hectare) in predominantly rainfed areas during 1966-2002, with drought having a much greater impact than extreme rainfall. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that yield would have been 1. 7% higher on average if monsoon characteristics, especially drought frequency, had not changed since 1960. Yield would have received an additional boost of nearly 4% if two other meteorological changes (warmer nights and lower rainfall at the end of the growing season) had not occurred. In combination, these changes would have increased cumulative harvest during 1966-2002 by an amount equivalent to about a fifth of the increase caused by improvements in farming technology. Climate change has evidently already negatively affected India's hundreds of millions of rice producers and consumers. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10584-011-0208-4}, Key = {fds301949} } @article{fds301905, Author = {Carpenter, SR and Arrow, KJ and Barrett, S and Biggs, R and Brock, WA and Crépin, AS and Engström, G and Folke, C and Hughes, TP and Kautsky, N and Li, CZ and Mccarney, G and Meng, K and Mäler, KG and Polasky, S and Scheffer, M and Shogren, J and Sterner, T and Vincent, JR and Walker, B and Xepapadeas, A and de Zeeuw, A}, Title = {General resilience to cope with extreme events}, Journal = {Sustainability}, Volume = {4}, Number = {12}, Pages = {3248-3259}, Publisher = {MDPI AG}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {2071-1050}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su4123248}, Abstract = {Resilience to specified kinds of disasters is an active area of research and practice. However, rare or unprecedented disturbances that are unusually intense or extensive require a more broad-spectrum type of resilience. General resilience is the capacity of social-ecological systems to adapt or transform in response to unfamiliar, unexpected and extreme shocks. Conditions that enable general resilience include diversity, modularity, openness, reserves, feedbacks, nestedness, monitoring, leadership, and trust. Processes for building general resilience are an emerging and crucially important area of research. © 2012 by the authors.}, Doi = {10.3390/su4123248}, Key = {fds301905} } @article{fds301947, Author = {Alkire, BC and Vincent, JR and Burns, CT and Metzler, IS and Farmer, PE and Meara, JG}, Title = {Obstructed labor and caesarean delivery: the cost and benefit of surgical intervention.}, Journal = {PloS one}, Volume = {7}, Number = {4}, Pages = {e34595}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1932-6203}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034595}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Although advances in the reduction of maternal mortality have been made, up to 273,000 women will die this year from obstetric etiologies. Obstructed labor (OL), most commonly treated with Caesarean delivery, has been identified as a major contributor to global maternal morbidity and mortality. We used economic and epidemiological modeling to estimate the cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted and benefit-cost ratio of treating OL with Caesarean delivery for 49 countries identified as providing an insufficient number of Caesarean deliveries to meet demand.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Using publicly available data and explicit economic assumptions, we estimated that the cost per DALY (3,0,0) averted for providing Caesarean delivery for OL ranged widely, from $251 per DALY averted in Madagascar to $3,462 in Oman. The median cost per DALY averted was $304. Benefit-cost ratios also varied, from 0.6 in Zimbabwe to 69.9 in Gabon. The median benefit-cost ratio calculated was 6.0. The main limitation of this study is an assumption that lack of surgical capacity is the main factor responsible for DALYs from OL.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Using the World Health Organization's cost-effectiveness standards, investing in Caesarean delivery can be considered "highly cost-effective" for 48 of the 49 countries included in this study. Furthermore, in 46 of the 49 included countries, the benefit-cost ratio was greater than 1.0, implying that investment in Caesarean delivery is a viable economic proposition. While Caesarean delivery alone is not sufficient for combating OL, it is necessary, cost-effective by WHO standards, and ultimately economically favorable in the vast majority of countries included in this study.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0034595}, Key = {fds301947} } @article{fds214980, Author = {Auffhammer, M. and V. Ramanathan and J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Climate change, the monsoon, and rice yield in India}, Journal = {Climatic Change}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214980} } @article{fds301950, Author = {Warf, BC and Alkire, BC and Bhai, S and Hughes, C and Schiff, SJ and Vincent, JR and Meara, JG}, Title = {Costs and benefits of neurosurgical intervention for infant hydrocephalus in sub-Saharan Africa.}, Journal = {Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics}, Volume = {8}, Number = {5}, Pages = {509-521}, Year = {2011}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1933-0707}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.peds11163}, Keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara • Cohort Studies • Cost of Illness • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Developing Countries • Disability Evaluation • Female • Follow-Up Studies • Humans • Hydrocephalus • Infant • Male • Mothers • Neurosurgical Procedures • Quality-Adjusted Life Years • Treatment Outcome • Uganda • Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt • economics • economics* • epidemiology • etiology • methods • surgery*}, Abstract = {<h4>Object</h4>Evidence from the CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda (CCHU) suggests that treatment for hydrocephalus in infants can be effective and sustainable in a developing country. This model has not been broadly supported or implemented due in part to the absence of data on the economic burden of disease or any assessment of the cost and benefit of treatment. The authors used economic modeling to estimate the annual cost and benefit of treating hydrocephalus in infants at CCHU. These results were then extrapolated to the potential economic impact of treating all cases of hydrocephalus in infants in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).<h4>Methods</h4>The authors conducted a retrospective review of all children initially treated for hydrocephalus at CCHU via endoscopic third ventriculostomy or shunt placement in 2005. A combination of data and explicit assumptions was used to determine the number of times each procedure was performed, the cost of performing each procedure, the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted with neurosurgical intervention, and the economic benefit of the treatment. For CCHU and SSA, the cost per DALY averted and the benefit-cost ratio of 1 year's treatment of hydrocephalus in infants were determined.<h4>Results</h4>In 2005, 297 patients (median age 4 months) were treated at CCHU. The total cost of neurosurgical intervention was $350,410, and the cost per DALY averted ranged from $59 to $126. The CCHU's economic benefit to Uganda was estimated to be between $3.1 million and $5.2 million using a human capital approach and $4.6 million-$188 million using a value of a statistical life (VSL) approach. The total economic benefit of treating the conservatively estimated 82,000 annual cases of hydrocephalus in infants in SSA ranged from $930 million to $1.6 billion using a human capital approach and $1.4 billion-$56 billion using a VSL approach. The minimum benefit-cost ratio of treating hydrocephalus in infants was estimated to be 7:1.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Untreated hydrocephalus in infants exacts an enormous price from SSA. The results of this study suggest that neurosurgical intervention has a cost/DALY averted comparable to other surgical interventions that have been evaluated, as well as a favorable benefit-cost ratio. The prevention and treatment of hydrocephalus in SSA should be recognized as a major public health priority.}, Doi = {10.3171/2011.8.peds11163}, Key = {fds301950} } @article{fds301951, Author = {Alkire, B and Hughes, CD and Nash, K and Vincent, JR and Meara, JG}, Title = {Potential economic benefit of cleft lip and palate repair in sub-Saharan Africa.}, Journal = {World journal of surgery}, Volume = {35}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1194-1201}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0364-2313}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1055-1}, Keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara • Cleft Lip • Cleft Palate • Cost Savings* • Databases, Factual • Developing Countries • Female • Health Care Costs • Humans • Infant • Infant, Newborn • Male • Models, Econometric • Reconstructive Surgical Procedures • Retrospective Studies • economics • economics* • methods • surgery*}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Acceptance of basic surgical care as an essential element of any properly functioning health system is growing. To justify investment in surgical interventions, donors require estimates of the economic benefit of treating surgical disease. The present study aimed to establish a methodology for valuing the potential economic benefit of surgical intervention using cleft lip and palate (CLP) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a model.<h4>Methods</h4>Economic modeling of cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) in SSA was performed with retrospective demographic and economic data from 2008. The total number of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) secondary to CLP in 2008 was calculated from accepted clefting incidence rates and disability weights taken from the Global Burden of Disease Project. DALYs were then converted to monetary terms ($US), using both a human capital approach and Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) approach.<h4>Results</h4>With the human capital approach, the potential economic benefit if all incident cases of CLP in SSA in 2008 were repaired at birth ranged from $252 million to $441 million. With VSL, the potential economic benefit of the same CLP repair would range from $5.4 billion to $9.7 billion.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Cleft lip and cleft palate can have a substantial impact on the economic health of countries in the developing world. Further studies should be directed at quantifying the economic benefit of surgical interventions and quantifying their costs with an economically sound approach.}, Doi = {10.1007/s00268-011-1055-1}, Key = {fds301951} } @article{fds301954, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Microeconomic analysis of innovative environmental programs in developing countries}, Journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, Volume = {4}, Number = {2}, Pages = {221-233}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2010}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1750-6816}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/req011}, Abstract = {Environmental management programs that attempt to cope with institutional weaknesses in developing countries by being less reliant on governments' formal regulatory apparatus are becoming increasingly common. Three leading examples of such innovative programs are (1) public disclosure and voluntary programs to address industrial pollution; (2) programs that inform households about environmental health risks; and (3) payments for environmental services. Although (1) and (2) have reduced emissions of industrial pollutants and household exposure to environmental health risks in some cases, the reductions are small relative to the size of the problems. Conservation benefits from (3) have been similarly small so far. Evidence on the effectiveness of these programs is limited, both because the programs are relatively new and because there has been limited use of rigorous impact evaluation methods. Despite this weak performance record, continued experimentation with innovative programs appears to be warranted, especially if the opportunity cost is not too high in terms of redirecting resources away from formal environmental management programs and if rigorous impact evaluations are built in to determine whether and why innovative programs have worked. Future research needs to pay attention to the great heterogeneity among developing countries (i.e., successful implementation in one country is no guarantee of success elsewhere), and to the relationship of innovative programs to formal environmental management programs. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1093/reep/req011}, Key = {fds301954} } @article{fds301955, Author = {Ferreira, S and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Governance and Timber Harvests}, Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, Volume = {47}, Number = {2}, Pages = {241-260}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2010}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0924-6460}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9374-5}, Abstract = {Resource economics theory implies that risks associated with weak governance have an ambiguous impact on extraction, with the net impact depending on the relative strengths of depletion and investment effects. Previous empirical studies have found that improved governance tends to reduce deforestation but to raise oil production. Here, we present evidence that the marginal impact of improved governance on timber harvests in developing countries during 1984-2006 was nonmonotonic. It tended to raise harvests in countries with weaker governance but to reduce harvests in countries with stronger governance. This nonmonotonic impact occurred for both an index of governmental integrity (corruption, bureaucracy quality, law and order) and an index of governmental stability. A simulation of hypothetical increases in these governance indices to the maximum 2006 values observed in the sample predicted that improved governance would reduce harvests in most countries but could raise harvests in some, with large increases occurring in countries with the weakest governance. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-010-9374-5}, Key = {fds301955} } @article{fds184943, Author = {Susana Ferreira and Jeffrey R. Vincent}, Title = {Governance and timber harvests}, Journal = {Environ & Resource Econ}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds184943} } @article{fds184945, Author = {Jeffrey R. Vincent}, Title = {Microeconomic Analysis of Innovative Environmental Programs in Developing Countries}, Journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds184945} } @article{fds301952, Author = {Welch, JR and Vincent, JR and Auffhammer, M and Moya, PF and Dobermann, A and Dawe, D}, Title = {Rice yields in tropical/subtropical Asia exhibit large but opposing sensitivities to minimum and maximum temperatures}, Journal = {PNAS}, Volume = {107}, Number = {33}, Pages = {14562-14567}, Year = {2010}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001222107}, Abstract = {Data from farmer-managed fields have not been used previously to disentangle the impacts of daily minimum and maximum temperatures and solar radiation on rice yields in tropical/subtropical Asia. We used a multiple regression model to analyze data from 227 intensively managed irrigated rice farms in six important rice-producing countries. The farm-level detail, observed over multiple growing seasons, enabled us to construct farm-specific weather variables, control for unobserved factors that either were unique to each farm but did not vary over time or were common to all farms at a given site but varied by season and year, and obtain more precise estimates by including farm- and site-specific economic variables. Temperature and radiation had statistically significant impacts during both the vegetative and ripening phases of the rice plant. Higher minimum temperature reduced yield, whereas higher maximum temperature raised it; radiation impact varied by growth phase. Combined, these effects imply that yield at most sites would have grown more rapidly during the high-yielding season but less rapidly during the low-yielding season if observed temperature and radiation trends at the end of the 20th century had not occurred, with temperature trends being more influential. Looking ahead, they imply a net negative impact on yield from moderate warming in coming decades. Beyond that, the impact would likely become more negative, because prior research indicates that the impact of maximum temperature becomes negative at higher levels. Diurnal temperature variation must be considered when investigating the impacts of climate change on irrigated rice in Asia.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001222107}, Key = {fds301952} } @article{fds301945, Author = {Vincent, JR and Das, S}, Title = {Reply to Baird et al.: Mangroves and storm protection: Getting the numbers right}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {106}, Number = {40}, Pages = {E112-E112}, Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, Year = {2009}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909952106}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0909952106}, Key = {fds301945} } @article{fds301956, Author = {Walker, B and Barrett, S and Polasky, S and Galaz, V and Folke, C and Engström, G and Ackerman, F and Arrow, K and Carpenter, S and Chopra, K and Daily, G and Ehrlich, P and Hughes, T and Kautsky, N and Levin, S and Mäler, K-G and Shogren, J and Vincent, J and Xepapadeas, T and de Zeeuw, A}, Title = {Environment. Looming global-scale failures and missing institutions.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {325}, Number = {5946}, Pages = {1345-1346}, Year = {2009}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1175325}, Abstract = {Navigating global changes requires a coevolving set of collaborative, global institutions.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.1175325}, Key = {fds301956} } @article{fds301957, Author = {Das, S and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Mangroves protected villages and reduced death toll during Indian super cyclone.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {106}, Number = {18}, Pages = {7357-7360}, Year = {2009}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810440106}, Abstract = {Protection against coastal disasters has been identified as an important service of mangrove ecosystems. Empirical studies on this service have been criticized, however, for using small samples and inadequately controlling for confounding factors. We used data on several hundred villages to test the impact of mangroves on human deaths during a 1999 super cyclone that struck Orissa, India. We found that villages with wider mangroves between them and the coast experienced significantly fewer deaths than ones with narrower or no mangroves. This finding was robust to the inclusion of a wide range of other variables to our statistical model, including controls for the historical extent of mangroves. Although mangroves evidently saved fewer lives than an early warning issued by the government, the retention of remaining mangroves in Orissa is economically justified even without considering the many benefits they provide to human society besides storm-protection services.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0810440106}, Key = {fds301957} } @article{fds301944, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Forests in the developing world: Is the glass half full or half empty?}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Volume = {21}, Number = {1}, Pages = {v-vi}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0128-1283}, Key = {fds301944} } @article{fds301953, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {The value of valuation studies: more than "value"}, Journal = {Unasylva}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds301953} } @article{fds301941, Author = {Ferreira, S and Hamilton, K and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Comprehensive wealth and future consumption: Accounting for population growth}, Journal = {World Bank Economic Review}, Volume = {22}, Number = {2}, Pages = {233-248}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2008}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0258-6770}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhn008}, Abstract = {Economic theory predicts that the current change in national wealth, broadly defined to include natural and human capital as well as produced capital ("genuine savings"), determines whether the present value of future changes in consumption is positive or negative. Theoretical research has focused on the effects of population growth on this relation, but no rigorous empirical investigation has been conducted. Panel data for 64 developing countries during 1970-82 are used to test the effects of three adjustments for population growth, including one that controls for omitted wealth. Although the adjustments have substantial impacts on estimates of genuine savings, they lead to only limited improvements in the relation between those estimates and subsequent consumption changes. Even without adjustments for population growth, adjustments for natural resource depletion improve the relation significantly. Policymakers and economists can interpret published estimates of genuine savings as signals of future consumption paths if and only if the estimates include adjustments for natural resource depletion. But better estimates of capital stocks are needed before it can be confidently said that adjustments for population growth significantly improve the accuracy of those signals. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the world bank. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1093/wber/lhn008}, Key = {fds301941} } @article{fds301943, Author = {Potts, MD and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Harvest and extinction in multi-species ecosystems}, Journal = {Ecological Economics}, Volume = {65}, Number = {2}, Pages = {336-347}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2008}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0921-8009}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.06.020}, Abstract = {A potential cost of harvesting in multi-species ecosystems is the extinction of nonharvested species that are at the same trophic level as the harvested species. Existing analytical models are not well-suited for studying this harvest externality because they focus on species interactions across trophic levels instead of within them. We identify the conditions under which the harvesting of a single species causes at least one extinction of nonharvested species at the same trophic level. We compare two harvest regimes: uniform management, in which a privately optimal harvest rate is applied to the entire ecosystem; and specialized management, in which a portion of the ecosystem is intensively managed for the harvested species and the rest is left unharvested. Which regime is more likely to result in extinction depends on the discount rate and on the harvested species' competitive ability and colonization rate compared to those of the other species. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.06.020}, Key = {fds301943} } @article{fds301942, Author = {Potts, MD and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Spatial distribution of species populations, relative economic values, and the optimal size and number of reserves}, Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {91-112}, Publisher = {Springer Nature}, Year = {2008}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0924-6460}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-007-9097-4}, Abstract = {We examine the tradeoff between the number and average size of nature reserves. When the costs of enforcing reserve boundaries are negligible, we find analytically that the relative price of biodiversity has a positive impact on the optimal total reserved area but an ambiguous impact on the optimal number of reserves. Simulation modeling of floral diversity in a tropical timber concession reveals that the resolution of this ambiguity depends on spatial distributions of the populations of tree species: whether or not they are spatially aggregated (clumped). The impact of biodiversity price on optimal reserve number remains analytically ambiguous when enforcement costs are not negligible. Multiple reserves being economically superior to a single reserve now requires, in addition to aggregation, a biodiversity price that is sufficiently high to offset the effects of enforcement costs. Most of our simulation scenarios generate threshold biodiversity prices that do not exceed a leading estimate of the marginal value of a higher plant species in the bioprospecting literature. Several smaller reserves evidently can be economically superior to a single larger one even in the presence of enforcement costs. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10640-007-9097-4}, Key = {fds301942} } @article{fds301940, Author = {Boscolo, M and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Area fees and logging in tropical timber concessions}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {505-520}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2007}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1355-770X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X0700366X}, Abstract = {Area fees have become an increasingly important component of forest revenue systems in tropical developing countries. They are commonly viewed as having a neutral impact on decisions by timber concessionaires. This view is incorrect. Using both theoretical and empirical models, we demonstrate that area fees can induce concessionaires to accelerate timber harvests and to harvest more selectively. In Cameroon, area fees at recent levels create an incentive for concessionaires to harvest forests in half the estimated sustained-yield period. Countries that wish to encourage concessionaires to comply with sustained-yield requirements must implement measures that counter the depletion-accelerating effects of area fees. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X0700366X}, Key = {fds301940} } @article{fds301938, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Spatial dynamics, social norms, and the opportunity of the commons}, Journal = {Ecological Research}, Volume = {22}, Number = {1}, Pages = {3-7}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2007}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0912-3814}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0070-4}, Abstract = {The most important message of Levin (Ecol Res 21:328-333, 2006) is that "Ecologists and economists have much incentive for interaction." Recent studies that account for evolutionary processes and local interactions support this view by obtaining results that run counter to conventional wisdom within resource economics. A second major message of the article is that to meet environmental challenges, humanity must develop social norms that enhance cooperative responses. Successful examples of resource management systems back up norms with economic incentives: rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad. Economic incentives are especially important if rapid and large changes in human behavior are desired. © 2006 The Ecological Society of Japan.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11284-006-0070-4}, Key = {fds301938} } @article{fds301937, Author = {Sterner, T and Troell, M and Vincent, J and Aniyar, S and Barrett, S and Brock, W and Carpenter, S and Chopra, K and Ehrlich, P and Hoel, M and Levin, S and Mäler, KG and Norberg, J and Pihl, L and Söderqvist, T and Wilen, J and Xepapadeas, A}, Title = {Quick fixes for the environment: Part of the solution or part of the problem?}, Journal = {Environment}, Volume = {48}, Number = {10}, Pages = {20-27}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2006}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0013-9157}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ENVT.48.10.20-27}, Abstract = {When faced with large-scale environmental problems that need immediate attention-such as flooding or collapsing fish stocks-society has tended to address the symptoms rather than fundamental solutions. Can we continue to go for the quick fixes?}, Doi = {10.3200/ENVT.48.10.20-27}, Key = {fds301937} } @article{fds301939, Author = {Auffhammer, M and Ramanathan, V and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Integrated model shows that atmospheric brown clouds and greenhouse gases have reduced rice harvests in India.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {103}, Number = {52}, Pages = {19668-19672}, Year = {2006}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609584104}, Abstract = {Previous studies have found that atmospheric brown clouds partially offset the warming effects of greenhouse gases. This finding suggests a tradeoff between the impacts of reducing emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases. Results from a statistical model of historical rice harvests in India, coupled with regional climate scenarios from a parallel climate model, indicate that joint reductions in brown clouds and greenhouse gases would in fact have complementary, positive impacts on harvests. The results also imply that adverse climate changes due to brown clouds and greenhouse gases contributed to the slowdown in harvest growth that occurred during the past two decades.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0609584104}, Key = {fds301939} } @article{fds301896, Author = {Vincent, JR and Sivalingam, G}, Title = {Economic incentives for cleaner small and medium enterprises: Evidence from Malaysia}, Pages = {88-111}, Publisher = {Routledge}, Year = {2006}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781936331321}, Doi = {10.4324/9781936331321}, Key = {fds301896} } @article{fds301935, Author = {Mäler, KG and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Preface to the Handbook}, Journal = {Handbook of Environmental Economics}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {xiii-xviii}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {2005}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1574-0099}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0099(05)02024-3}, Doi = {10.1016/S1574-0099(05)02024-3}, Key = {fds301935} } @article{fds301895, Author = {Vincent, JR and Ali, RM}, Title = {Managing natural wealth: Environment and development in Malaysia}, Journal = {Managing Natural Wealth: Environment and Development in Malaysia}, Pages = {1-468}, Publisher = {Routledge}, Year = {2005}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781936331819}, Abstract = {The remarkably rich natural environment of Malaysia attracts the interest of both industry and the environmental community. Managing Natural Wealth analyzes major natural resource and environmental policy issues in the country during the 1970s and 1980s-a period of profound socioeconomic change, rapid depletion of natural resources, and the emergence of serious problems with pollution. Managing Natural Wealth is an important up-date to Environment and Development in a Resource-Rich Economy: Malaysia under the New Economic Policy. First published in hardcover in 1997, this pathbreaking book emphasized economics as a source for analyzing the issues involved in environmental and natural resource management in developing countries. The access that Jeffrey Vincent and Rozali Mohamed Ali and the contributing authors had to unpublished data and key decisionmakers made their account an essential reference for policymakers and researchers in Malaysia and throughout the globe. Managing Natural Wealth includes a review of key developments since the 1990s by S. Robert Aiken and Colin H. Leigh, two geographers with a long-standing interest in environmental change in Malaysia and an understanding of the institutional context of its environmental policy that is unmatched in the scholarly community.}, Doi = {10.4324/9781936331819}, Key = {fds301895} } @article{fds301936, Author = {Ferreira, S and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Genuine savings: Leading indicator of sustainable development?}, Journal = {Economic Development and Cultural Change}, Volume = {53}, Number = {3}, Pages = {737-754}, Publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, Year = {2005}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/426834}, Abstract = {Interest in the relationships among national income, wealth, and welfare has revived in recent years, driven in large part by concern about the long-run consequences of natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. A fundamental result in this "green accounting" literature is that a comprehensive measure of a country's net investment across all forms of capital - produced, natural, human - should predict whether consumption will be higher or lower in the future compared to the present. In this article we conduct an empirical investigation of the World Bank's genuine savings estimates. Our objectives are to evaluate their consistency with green accounting theory and their accuracy as predictors of the difference between current and average future consumption. We begin by describing the estimates and discussing their limitations. Next, we present four hypotheses related to equation (4), and we discuss econometric issues that arise in testing them. We then present our results in two sections: the first focuses on consistency with theory, and the second focuses on predictive accuracy. We conclude by summarizing the implications of our analysis for the interpretation and use of the Bank's estimates. © 2005 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1086/426834}, Key = {fds301936} } @article{fds301933, Author = {Rosen, S and Vincent, JR and MacLeod, W and Fox, M and Thea, DM and Simon, JL}, Title = {The cost of HIV/AIDS to businesses in southern Africa.}, Journal = {AIDS (London, England)}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Pages = {317-324}, Year = {2004}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200401230-00023}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Information on the potential costs of HIV/AIDS to the private sector is needed if companies are to be given a financial incentive to invest in prevention and treatment interventions.<h4>Objectives</h4>To estimate the cost of HIV/AIDS to businesses in southern Africa using company-specific data on employees, costs, and HIV prevalence.<h4>Methods</h4>: Six formal sector enterprises in South Africa and Botswana provided detailed human resource, financial, and medical data and carried out voluntary, anonymous HIV seroprevalence surveys. The present value of incident HIV infections with a 9-year median survival and 7% real discount rate was estimated. Costs included were sick leave; productivity loss; supervisory time; retirement, death, disability, and medical benefits; and recruitment and training of replacement workers.<h4>Results</h4>HIV prevalence in the workforces studied ranged from 7.9 to 25.0%. HIV/AIDS among employees added 0.4-5.9% to the companies' annual salary and wage bills. The present value of an incident HIV infection ranged from 0.5 to 3.6 times the annual salary of the affected worker. Costs varied widely across firms and among job levels within firms. Key reasons for the differences included HIV prevalence, levels and stability of employee benefits, and the contractual status of unskilled workers. Some costs were omitted from the analysis because of lack of data, and results should be regarded as quite conservative.<h4>Conclusions</h4>AIDS is causing labor costs for businesses in southern Africa to rise and threatens the competitiveness of African industry. Research on the effectiveness of workplace interventions is urgently needed.}, Doi = {10.1097/00002030-200401230-00023}, Key = {fds301933} } @article{fds301931, Author = {Mäler, KG and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Preface to the handbook}, Journal = {Handbook of Environmental Economics}, Volume = {1}, Pages = {xi-xvi}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {2003}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1574-0099}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0099(03)01004-0}, Doi = {10.1016/S1574-0099(03)01004-0}, Key = {fds301931} } @article{fds301932, Author = {Rosen, S and Simon, J and Vincent, JR and MacLeod, W and Fox, M and Thea, DM}, Title = {AIDS is your business.}, Journal = {Harvard business review}, Volume = {81}, Number = {2}, Pages = {80-125}, Year = {2003}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0017-8012}, Abstract = {If your company operates in a developing country, AIDS is your business. While Africa has received the most attention, AIDS is also spreading swiftly in other parts of the world. Russia and Ukraine had the fastest-growing epidemics last year, and many experts believe China and India will suffer the next tidal wave of infection. Why should executives be concerned about AIDS? Because it is destroying the twin rationales of globalization strategy-cheap labor and fast-growing markets--in countries where people are heavily affected by the epidemic. Fortunately, investments in programs that prevent infection and provide treatment for employees who have HIV/AIDS are profitable for many businesses--that is, they lead to savings that outweigh the programs' costs. Due to the long latency period between HIV infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms, a company is not likely to see any of the costs of HIV/AIDS until five to ten years after an employee is infected. But executives can calculate the present value of epidemic-related costs by using the discount rate to weigh each cost according to its expected timing. That allows companies to think about expenses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs as investments rather than merely as costs. The authors found that the annual cost of AIDS to six corporations in South Africa and Botswana ranged from 0.4% to 5.9% of the wage bill. All six companies would have earned positive returns on their investments if they had provided employees with free treatment for HIV/AIDS in the form of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), according to the mathematical model the authors used. The annual reduction in the AIDS "tax" would have been as much as 40.4%. The authors' conclusion? Fighting AIDS not only helps those infected; it also makes good business sense.}, Key = {fds301932} } @article{fds301934, Author = {Boscolo, M and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Nonconvexities in the production of timber, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration}, Journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management}, Volume = {46}, Number = {2}, Pages = {251-268}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00034-7}, Abstract = {Fixed logging costs and administrative constraints on logging regulations can create nonconvexities in forestry production sets that include timber and nontimber products. Managing forests to produce multiple values at a landscape level, through the aggregation of stands that are completely or partially specialized in the production of timber or nontimber products, can consequently be superior to management systems that treat all stands uniformly, even when all stands are identical. Both fixed costs and administrative constraints are empirically important sources of nonconvexity in tropical rainforests. The former is more important when the nontimber product is carbon sequestration, while the latter is more important when the nontimber product is biodiversity protection. Uniform management appears to be superior for the joint production of timber and carbon sequestration, while specialized management might often be superior for the joint production of timber and biodiversity, at least at low discount rates. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00034-7}, Key = {fds301934} } @article{fds301928, Author = {Vincent, JR and Aden, J and Dore, G and Adriani, M and Rambe, V and Walton, T}, Title = {Public environmental expenditures in Indonesia}, Journal = {Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {61-74}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2002}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000749102753620284}, Abstract = {The economic justification for public expenditure is especially strong in the case of environmental management. Yet expenditures on environmental management have received little attention in public expenditure reviews by the World Bank and other international development organisations. An initial analysis of environmental expenditures in the Indonesian government budget between FY1994/95 and FY1998/99 yields four basic findings. First, most spending in the nominal environmental sector, sector 10 (Environment and Spatial Planning), is on non-environmental activities, and much environmental expenditure occurs in other budget sectors. Second, environmental expenditures fell sharply in real terms during the economic crisis, to levels far below those in FY94/95. Third, they also fell sharply relative to the budget and to GDP. Finally, environmental expenditures declined more in Indonesia during the economic crisis than in Malaysia, Thailand and Korea, relative to both the budget and GDP.}, Doi = {10.1080/000749102753620284}, Key = {fds301928} } @article{fds301929, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Timber booms and institutional breakdown in Southeast Asia}, Journal = {Journal of Environment and Development}, Volume = {11}, Number = {1}, Pages = {116-119}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2002}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1070-4965}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049650201100109}, Doi = {10.1177/107049650201100109}, Key = {fds301929} } @article{fds301930, Author = {Davis, J and Kang, A and Vincent, J and Whittington, D}, Title = {How important is improved water infrastructure to microenterprises? Evidence from Uganda}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {29}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1753-1767}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2001}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0305-750X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00059-6}, Abstract = {Despite the proliferation of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), most have difficulty surviving, let alone expanding their operations. Using empirical evidence from two Ugandan towns we explore the impact of investments in water supply infrastructure on MSEs. Our findings suggest that, despite perceptions among firm owners that water supply is a binding constraint, economic benefits to MSEs of supply improvements may be limited. Current water infrastructure planning strategies may be based on erroneous assumptions about the relative demand for improved water supply by firms and households, as well as the feasibility of cross-subsidies between groups of users. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00059-6}, Key = {fds301930} } @article{fds301926, Author = {Rosen, S and Simon, JL and Thea, DM and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Care and treatment to extend the working lives of HIV-positive employees: Calculating the benefits to business}, Journal = {South African Journal of Science}, Volume = {96}, Number = {6}, Pages = {300-304}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {Although HIV infection rates in South Africa have been high and rising for nearly a decade, the epidemic of HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality is just beginning. As South African adults start to sicken and die, concern is mounting about the potential costs to companies of HIV/AIDS among employees. When a business recognizes the threat posed by HIV among employees, it can pursue three basic response strategies for mitigating short- and long-term financial consequences: (1) try to prevent new infections; (2) avoid or reduce the costs associated with existing and future infections; and (3) provide treatment and support for infected employees to extend their productive working lives and thus postpone the costs of infection. This paper assesses the potential benefits to South African businesses of the third strategy. We describe an approach and methods for analysing the benefits of interventions that extend the working life of employees and demonstrate such an analysis using published data on the costs of HIV/AIDS to companies. The analysis indicates that the benefits to companies of investments in treatment and care are likely to exceed the costs for some existing interventions. Further work is needed to identify effective and affordable interventions, assess the benefits to companies of implementing the interventions, and bring these benefits to the attention of business and government leaders.}, Key = {fds301926} } @article{fds301927, Author = {Boscolo, M and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Promoting better logging practices in tropical forests: A simulation analysis of alternative regulations}, Journal = {Land Economics}, Volume = {76}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-14}, Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3147253}, Abstract = {Standard recommendations for improving logging practices in tropical forests include lengthening concession agreements, making concessions renewable, and requiring concessionaires to deposit performance bonds. In this paper we investigate the likely effectiveness of these recommendations by using a simulation model of a Malaysian rainforest. We focus on two classes of decisions faced by loggers: which logging technology to adopt and whether or not to comply with prescribed diameter cutting limits. We predict the impact of alternative regulations on these decisions and on the resulting economic and environmental outcomes. Renewability conditions and performance bonds emerge as potent instruments for improving logger behavior.}, Doi = {10.2307/3147253}, Key = {fds301927} } @article{fds327391, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Green accounting: From theory to practice}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {5}, Number = {1}, Pages = {13-24}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000024}, Abstract = {A decade has passed since Wasting Assets, a study of Indonesia by Robert Repetto and colleagues at the World Resources Institute, drew widespread attention to the potential divergence between gross and net measures of national income. This was by no means the first ‘green accounting’ study. Martin Weitzman, John Hartwick, and Partha Dasgupta and Geoffrey Heal had all conducted seminal theoretical work in the 1970s. But the World Resources Institute study demonstrated that data were adequate even in a developing country to estimate adjustments for the depletion of some important forms of natural capital and that the adjustments could be large relative to conventional, gross measures of national product and investment. The adjusted, net measures suggested that a substantial portion of Indonesia's rapid economic growth during the 1970s and 1980s was simply the unsustainable ‘cashing in’ of the country's natural wealth. © 2000, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X00000024}, Key = {fds327391} } @article{fds301925, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {A framework for forest accounting}, Journal = {Forest Science}, Volume = {45}, Number = {4}, Pages = {552-571}, Year = {1999}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0015-749X}, Abstract = {Many recent empirical studies have proposed a variety of forest-related adjustments to the national income accounts. The complexity of forest-economy interactions makes such adjustments prone to double-counting and other problems if they are not guided by economic theory. This paper presents a framework for making internally consistent, theoretically sound adjustments. The framework offers two broad guidelines for applied work. First, one should adjust the overall level of gross domestic product (GDP), and thus net domestic product (NDP), for household consumption of nonmarket forest amenities and nontimber products, but not for production externalities. Accounting for production externalities involves reallocating value added among different production sectors included in GDP. Second, one should adjust NDP for the net accumulation (not just depreciation) of forest-related assets, including the timber stock, the carbon stock, and land converted from forest to other uses. The framework also offers some guidance for methods to quantify values associated with these adjustments.}, Key = {fds301925} } @article{fds301924, Author = {Larson, BA and Avaliani, S and Golub, A and Rosen, S and Shaposhnikov, D and Strukova, E and Vincent, JR and Wolff, SK}, Title = {The economics of air pollution health risks in Russia: A case study of Volgograd}, Journal = {World Development}, Volume = {27}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1803-1819}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1999}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00086-8}, Abstract = {A combined health risk assessment, cost-effectiveness analysis, and benefit-cost analysis is undertaken for direct particulate emissions from 29 stationary source polluters in the city of Volgograd, Russia. Annual particulate-related mortality risks from these stationary sources are estimated to be substantial, with an estimate in the range of 960-2,667 additional deaths per year in this city of one million. The majority of these risks are attributed to two major facilities in the northern part of the city. For several emission reduction projects, the cost-per-life saved was estimated to be quite low. The total net benefits to the city of implementing five of the six identified projects, leading to roughly a 25% reduction in mortality risk, are estimated to be at least $40 million in present value terms.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00086-8}, Key = {fds301924} } @article{fds301923, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Net accumulation of timber resources}, Journal = {Review of Income and Wealth}, Volume = {45}, Number = {2}, Pages = {251-262}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1999}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00331.x}, Abstract = {National accounting issues related to forest resources have attracted much attention recently. The net-depletion method, the most popular method for estimating aggregate changes in the value of timber stocks, tends to overstate both the depreciation of mature forests due to harvests and the appreciation of immature forests due to growth. Alternative, correct methods, which I term the net-price and El Serafy variations, can be derived from an asset valuation model that takes forest age into account. An empirical example indicates that estimates from the net-depletion method can deviate from actual values by up to 40 percent for some age classes.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00331.x}, Key = {fds301923} } @article{fds301921, Author = {Vincent, JR and Gillis, M}, Title = {Deforestation and forest land use: A comment}, Journal = {World Bank Research Observer}, Volume = {13}, Number = {1}, Pages = {133-140}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0257-3032}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/13.1.133}, Abstract = {Hyde, Amacher, and Magrath (1996) imply that deforestation and timber rents (logging revenue minus logging costs other than timber fees) are not subjects that justify policymakers' attention, arguing that market responses limit the scope of deforestation and that rents are usually small. But they fail to recognize that land markets will not develop efficiently, nor will efficient levels of forestry investments occur, when policy distortions and other factors obstruct the conversion of open-access forests to private or communal ownership. For these reasons rates of deforestation can be far above optimal levels. Contrary to the authors' claims, timber rents often (although not always) are large in developing countries. Moreover, the allocation of rents between loggers and the government owners of public forests can indeed affect the profitability of forestry (and thus deforestation), the intensity of timber harvesting, and national welfare.}, Doi = {10.1093/wbro/13.1.133}, Key = {fds301921} } @article{fds301916, Author = {Vincent, JR and Panayotou, T and Myers, N}, Title = {...Or distraction?}, Journal = {Science}, Volume = {276}, Number = {5309}, Pages = {53+55-53+57}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.55}, Doi = {10.1126/science.276.5309.55}, Key = {fds301916} } @article{fds301918, Author = {Myers, N and Vincent, JR and Panayotou, T}, Title = {Consumption: Challenge to sustainable development}, Journal = {Science}, Volume = {276}, Number = {5309}, Pages = {53-55}, Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.53}, Doi = {10.1126/science.276.5309.53}, Key = {fds301918} } @article{fds301919, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Resource depletion and economic sustainability in Malaysia}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {19-37}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X97000107}, Abstract = {Countries richly endowed with natural resources have, on average, developed less rapidly than countries that are poor in natural resources. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the level of investment in reproducible capital has been insufficient to offset the depletion of natural capital. The empirical significance of this explanation can be investigated by analysing modified measures of net investment and net domestic product. Estimation of these measures involves calculating the economic depreciation of natural resources, a task that has been problematic in previous studies. Malaysia provides an ideal case for such empirical investigations, as it is one of the world's most resource-rich countries yet also has one of the world's fastest-growing economies, consists of three subnational regions that differ significantly in terms of economic structure, and has sufficient data for estimating conceptually correct measures of natural resource depreciation. Results of the analysis indicate that Malaysia has developed sustainably, despite substantial resource depletion. This is not the case in two of the regions, however, where trends in both net investment and net domestic product indicate that current consumption levels cannot be sustained. Nevertheless, the regional differences in sustainability might be consistent with optimal national use of the rents generated by exploitation of the country's natural resources.}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X97000107}, Key = {fds301919} } @article{fds301920, Author = {Vincent, JR and Panayotou, T and Hartwick, JM}, Title = {Resource depletion and sustainability in small open economies}, Journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management}, Volume = {33}, Number = {3}, Pages = {274-286}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1997.0992}, Abstract = {Exogenous price changes affect the amount that a small country exporting natural resource commodities must invest to sustain its consumption level. The necessary amount is given by the difference between Hotelling rent and the discounted sum of future terms-of-trade effects (capital gains). The latter term is found to be large relative to the former in the case of petroleum depletion in Indonesia. This suggests that resource-rich countries will need to invest more than previously expected to sustain their consumption levels, if natural resource prices continue their long-term historical decline.}, Doi = {10.1006/jeem.1997.0992}, Key = {fds301920} } @article{fds301922, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Testing for environmental Kuznets curves within a developing country}, Journal = {Environment and Development Economics}, Volume = {2}, Number = {4}, Pages = {417-431}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X97000223}, Abstract = {Previous studies of the association between pollution and income have tended to analyse cross-sectional or panel data for a sample of developing and developed countries. This paper presents an analysis for a single country, Malaysia. This south-east Asian country has more, and probably better, data on environmental quality than perhaps any other developing country. I find that pollution-income relationships from the cross-country studies fail to predict accurately trends in air and water pollution in Malaysia. In particular, none of six pollution-income relationships estimated using a panel data set for Malaysian states has the hypothesized 'environmental Kuznets curve' form. Although these results are inconsistent with the predictions of the cross-country relationships, they make sense in the Malaysian context. Perhaps most important, their interpretation confirms the importance of policy decisions in determining environmental outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X97000223}, Key = {fds301922} } @article{fds301917, Author = {Lim, HF and Vincent, J and Woon, WC}, Title = {Markets for non-timber forest products in the vicinity of Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia: preliminary survey results}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Volume = {6}, Number = {4}, Pages = {502-507}, Year = {1994}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {A preliminary survey of markets around Pasoh Forest Reserve was conducted to collect data on sales of non-timber forest products (NTFP). Eight types of markets were identified in 40 rural and two urban communities. At the time of the study (October-December 1991) NTFP were sold in all markets, except permanent shops. However, only nine types of NTFP were sold. Urban markets offered a slightly greater variety of NTFP and sellers in urban markets grossed nearly three times as much revenue per date as did sellers in rural markets. Even in urban markets however, sellers' incomes were below the national average. -Authors}, Key = {fds301917} } @article{fds335853, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Managing Tropical Forests: Comment}, Journal = {Land Economics}, Volume = {69}, Number = {3}, Pages = {313-313}, Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, Year = {1993}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146598}, Doi = {10.2307/3146598}, Key = {fds335853} } @article{fds301915, Author = {Vincent, JR and Binkley, CS}, Title = {Efficient multiple-use forestry may require land-use specialization}, Journal = {Land Economics}, Volume = {69}, Number = {4}, Pages = {370-376}, Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146454}, Abstract = {Considered at the landscape scale, economically efficient multiple use of forests may require land-use specialization. If managers attempt to satisfy legitimate multiple-use demands from society by managing all lands for all outputs, both commodity and amenity values of the forest may be inappropriately supplied, and management inputs may be inefficiently deployed. These results run counter to some of the prescriptions called "new forestry'. -Authors}, Doi = {10.2307/3146454}, Key = {fds301915} } @article{fds335854, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Depletion and degradation are not the same}, Journal = {Journal of Forestry}, Volume = {91}, Number = {4}, Pages = {24-25}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds335854} } @article{fds335855, Author = {Vincent, JR and Ahmad, I}, Title = {Demand for sawnwood of well-known and lesser known species in Peninsular Malaysia}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Volume = {4}, Number = {4}, Pages = {340-353}, Publisher = {Forest Research Institute Malaysia}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds335855} } @article{fds301914, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {The tropical timber trade and sustainable development}, Journal = {Science}, Volume = {256}, Number = {5064}, Pages = {1651-1655}, Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, Year = {1992}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5064.1651}, Abstract = {The tropical timber trade appears to have promoted neither sustained forest management nor sustained forest-based industrialization. The boom-and-bust export pattern is often blamed on demand by developed countries, high import barriers, and low international wood prices. In fact, it is rooted in tropical countries' own policies related to timber concessions and wood-processing industries. These policies suppress timber scarcity signals and must be revised if the trade is to promote sustained economic growth. Even if this is done, the trade may not promote sustained-yield forestry in individual countries.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.256.5064.1651}, Key = {fds301914} } @article{fds301913, Author = {Parthama, IBP and Vincent, JR}, Title = {United States demand for Indonesian plywood}, Journal = {Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies}, Volume = {28}, Number = {1}, Pages = {101-112}, Year = {1992}, Abstract = {Indonesia's exports of plywood are the largest in the world and a leading source of foreign exchange earnings. Although the industry's growth has been rapid, several studies indicate that it has been subsidised both directly and indirectly. What are the prospects for Indonesia to offset these subsidies by raising plywood prices as its share of key important markets grows? This paper shed light on this question by analysing econometrically the United States' imports of Indonesian plywood from July 1979 to December 1986, using a monthly import demand model. The results suggest that Indonesia's rapid expansion into the US plywood market has been due primarily to its low plywood prices, and that attempts to raise prices relative to those of competing export regions would result in significant reductions in market share. -Authors}, Key = {fds301913} } @article{fds335856, Author = {Vincent, JR and Brooks, D and Gandapur, A}, Title = {Substitution between tropical and temperate sawlogs}, Journal = {Forest Science}, Volume = {37}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1484-1491}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1991}, Key = {fds335856} } @article{fds301911, Author = {Vincent, JR and Gandapur, AK and Brooks, DJ}, Title = {Species substitution and tropical log imports by Japan}, Journal = {Forest Science}, Volume = {36}, Number = {3}, Pages = {657-664}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0015-749X}, Abstract = {Tropical rainforests contain many "lesser known species' that have not achieved widespread acceptance in international timber markets. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the effects on tropical log demand of two economic factors: relative prices and technical change. A multi-output cost function framework is developed to analyze tropical log demand as derived from the production of plywood and sawnwood. Data analyzed are Japanese imports of dipterocarp and nondipterocarp logs (proxies for well- and lesser known species, respectively) from the South Seas during 1970-87. The econometric results indicate that the composition (dipterocarp vs. nondipterocarp) of tropical log imports was not significantly influenced by either relative prices or technical change during the period analyzed. -Authors}, Key = {fds301911} } @article{fds301912, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Rent capture and the feasibility of tropical forest management}, Journal = {Land Economics}, Volume = {66}, Number = {2}, Pages = {212-223}, Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146370}, Abstract = {This paper analyzes how the inefficiency of tropical timber royalty systems affects the feasibility of tropical forest management. It argues that distorted price signals from inefficient royalty systems give an unduly negative indication of the potential financial returns to forest management. The author estimates the discrepancy between royalties and resource rent in Malaysia during 1966-85, uses a benefit-cost framework to analyze the impacts of this discrepancy on the feasibility of tropical forest management. Finds that forest management is feasible in many cases even if nontimber benefits are excluded, as long as timber is valued by resource rent instead of royalties. -from Author}, Doi = {10.2307/3146370}, Key = {fds301912} } @article{fds301909, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Optimal tariffs on intermediate and final goods: the case of tropical forest products}, Journal = {Forest Science}, Volume = {35}, Number = {3}, Pages = {720-731}, Year = {1989}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0015-749X}, Abstract = {Products made from tropical timber are subject to a variety of tariff and nontariff barriers. This paper considers the potential welfare gains from the imposition of optimal tariffs on these products. Optimal tariffs and associated welfare gains are determined by applying nonlinear programming to a static three-region, three-product, partial equilibrium simulation model. Optimal tariffs are determined for each region both with and without retaliation by other regions. In the case of retaliation, two- and three-region Cournot-Nash equilibria are described. Principal findings are that modest welfare gains are possible in the absence of retaliation, but large losses may result if other regions retaliate. -from Author}, Key = {fds301909} } @article{fds301908, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Malaysia: key player in international trade}, Journal = {Journal of Forestry}, Volume = {86}, Number = {12}, Pages = {32-35}, Year = {1988}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {Concentrates on Malaysia's current position as an exporter of forest products. Two main points are made. First, Malaysia is best regarded as three separate nations from the standpoint of forest products trade. Second, while Malaysia will remain an important exporter of forest products, resource depletion will probably lead to decreases in its importance within the next 5 to 10 years. -Author}, Key = {fds301908} } @article{fds301910, Author = {Binkley, CS and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Timber prices in the U.S. South: past trends and outlook for the future}, Journal = {Southern Journal of Applied Forestry}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {15-18}, Year = {1988}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.1.15}, Abstract = {Prior to World War II, prices of southern pine stumpage rose at a real rate of 4.6%/yr, and since that time they have risen at a real rate of 3.1%/yr. Prices for timber sold from private lands have apparently risen more rapidly than have prices for public timber. Seven forecasts of future price trends which use very different projection methods are reviewed. For the next two decades, these studies indicate an average annual rate of real price appreciation equal to 2.5%/yr. For the period between 1990 and 2010, the median estimate among these studies is 1.9%/yr. -Authors}, Doi = {10.1093/sjaf/12.1.15}, Key = {fds301910} } @article{fds301907, Author = {Mergen, F and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Natural management of tropical moist forests: silvicultural and management of sustained utilization.}, Year = {1987}, Month = {December}, Abstract = {In the keynote address on problems and prospects for natural management of tropical moist forests, J. WYATT-SMITH discusses data availability, forests rights, illegal clearing, extraction damage, training, management, market demand for timber, and conservation. Opportunity and skills must be developed to provide sufficient artificial regeneration/enrichment planting to cover future industrial production needs, and natural management should be pursued on all other forest land. Political and social factors will probably be more critical than technological ones. Consideration of silvicultural systems is made by HON TAT TANG (Problems and strategies for regenerating dipterocarp forests in Malaysia); P. K. ASABERE (Sustained yield management in the tropical high forests of Ghana); L. C. NWOBOSHI (Regeneration success of natural management, enrichment planting and plantations of native species in West Africa); and F. H. WADSWORTH (Applicability of Asian and African silviculture systems to naturally regenerated forests of the Neotropics). Silvicultural treatments are reviewed by I. D. HUTCHINSON (Improvement thinning in natural tropical forests) and M. S. PHILIP (Obstacles to measuring growth and yield in tropical rain forests). Economic, social and political aspects are noted by P. R. O. KIO & S. A. EKWEBELAM (Plantations versus natural forests for meeting Nigeria's wood needs) and A. J. LESLIE (Economic feasibility of natural management of tropical forests). -P.J.Jarvis}, Key = {fds301907} } @article{fds335857, Author = {Mergen, F and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Natural management of tropical moist forests: silvicultural and management of sustained utilization.}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {In the keynote address on problems and prospects for natural management of tropical moist forests, J. WYATT-SMITH discusses data availability, forests rights, illegal clearing, extraction damage, training, management, market demand for timber, and conservation. Opportunity and skills must be developed to provide sufficient artificial regeneration/enrichment planting to cover future industrial production needs, and natural management should be pursued on all other forest land. Political and social factors will probably be more critical than technological ones. Consideration of silvicultural systems is made by HON TAT TANG (Problems and strategies for regenerating dipterocarp forests in Malaysia); P. K. ASABERE (Sustained yield management in the tropical high forests of Ghana); L. C. NWOBOSHI (Regeneration success of natural management, enrichment planting and plantations of native species in West Africa); and F. H. WADSWORTH (Applicability of Asian and African silviculture systems to naturally regenerated forests of the Neotropics). Silvicultural treatments are reviewed by I. D. HUTCHINSON (Improvement thinning in natural tropical forests) and M. S. PHILIP (Obstacles to measuring growth and yield in tropical rain forests). Economic, social and political aspects are noted by P. R. O. KIO & S. A. EKWEBELAM (Plantations versus natural forests for meeting Nigeria's wood needs) and A. J. LESLIE (Economic feasibility of natural management of tropical forests). -P.J.Jarvis}, Key = {fds335857} } @article{fds335858, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Growth of the forest products industry in Malaysia: 1961-85}, Journal = {Malaysian Forester}, Volume = {49}, Number = {3}, Pages = {223-240}, Publisher = {Forest Research Institute}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds335858} } @article{fds335859, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Input/output models and forest resource constraints: a comment}, Journal = {Forest Science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {2}, Pages = {397-401}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds335859} } @article{fds335860, Author = {Vincent, JR and Tomlinson, PB}, Title = {Anatomy of the palm Rhapis excelsa, X: differentiation of stem conducting tissue}, Journal = {Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. Arnold Arboretum}, Volume = {65}, Pages = {191-214}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds335860} } @article{fds335861, Author = {Vincent, JR and Tomlinson, PB}, Title = {Architecture and phyllotaxis of Anisophyllea disticha (Rhizophoraceae)}, Journal = {Bulletin of the Singapore Botanical Gardens}, Volume = {36}, Number = {1}, Pages = {3-18}, Year = {1983}, Key = {fds335861} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds371662, Author = {Vincent, J}, Title = {The tropical timber trade and sustainable development}, Pages = {298-308}, Booktitle = {The Causes of Tropical Deforestation: The Economic and Statistical Analysis of Factors Giving Rise to the Loss of the Tropical Forests}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9781032549354}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003428190-23}, Doi = {10.4324/9781003428190-23}, Key = {fds371662} } @misc{fds346609, Author = {Vincent, JR and Ali, RM and Rahim, KA}, Title = {Water pollution abatement in Malaysia}, Pages = {173-193}, Booktitle = {Asia's Clean Revolution: Industry, Growth and the Environment}, Year = {2017}, Month = {September}, ISBN = {9781874719335}, Key = {fds346609} } @misc{fds346610, Author = {Afsah, S and Vincent, JR}, Title = {Putting Pressure on Polluters: Indonesia's PROPER programme: A case study for the Harvard Institute for International Development 1997 Asia Environmental Economics Policy Seminar}, Pages = {157-172}, Booktitle = {Asia's Clean Revolution: Industry, Growth and the Environment}, Year = {2017}, Month = {September}, ISBN = {9781874719335}, Key = {fds346610} } @misc{fds301898, Author = {Vincent, JR}, Title = {Valuing the environment as a production input}, Pages = {36-78}, Booktitle = {Environmental Valuation: In South Asia}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781107007147}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843938.004}, Abstract = {Most research on the value of changes in environmental quality focuses on values from the standpoint of individual consumers. Three valuation methods dominate this research - contingent valuation, hedonic pricing, and travel cost models. These are sometimes the only methods considered in references on valuation methods. One example of this is the excellent primer by Champ et al. (2003). Yet, environmental quality can also affect production. For example, infiltration of saline water from shrimp farms can damage harvests on neighbouring rice farms, the loss of spawning grounds when mangroves are cut down can reduce fish catch, and damage from acid rain and other forms of air pollution can reduce timber harvests. This chapter focuses on the valuation of these sorts of effects.In these cases, environmental quality is acting as a non-market, or unpriced, production input. Damage to the environment reduces the supply of this input, and as a result production falls. Conversely, programmes to improve environmental quality can benefit environmentally sensitive forms of production by raising the supply of such inputs. These production-related benefits can be among the most important benefits generated by environmental improvements. This is especially likely to be the case in developing regions of the world such as South Asia, where agriculture accounts for a larger share of GDP than in higher-income regions and renewable resources such as forests and fisheries underpin local economies.}, Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511843938.004}, Key = {fds301898} } %% Working Papers @article{fds214985, Author = {J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Ecosystem services and green growth}, Journal = {World Bank Policy Research Working Papers}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214985} } @article{fds202110, Author = {Susana Ferreira and Kirk Hamilton and Jeffrey R. Vincent}, Title = {Nature, Socioeconomics and Adaptation to Natural Disasters: New Evidence from Floods}, Journal = {World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5725}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, Key = {fds202110} } %% Papers Submitted @article{fds222663, Author = {B, Alkire and J. Meara and J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Benefit-cost analysis of providing Caesarean delivery for obstructed labor}, Booktitle = {Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 3rd ed. (Oxford University Press)}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222663} } @article{fds222556, Author = {J.R. Vincent and R.T. Carson and J.R. DeShazo and K.A. Schwabe and I. Ahmad, Chong S.K. and Chang Y.T. and M.D. Potts}, Title = {Developing countries may be willing to pay to protect their own tropical forests}, Journal = {PNAS}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222556} } @article{fds222557, Author = {J. S. Tan-Soo and N. Adnan and I. Ahmad and S. K. Pattanayak and J. R. Vincent}, Title = {Converting tropical rainforests to oil palm and rubber increased flood duration in Malaysia}, Journal = {PNAS}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222557} } @article{fds222558, Author = {J.R. DeShazo and R.T. Carson and K.A. Schwabe and J.R. Vincent and I. Ahmad, Chong S.K. and Chang Y.T.}, Title = {Using Surveys to Value Protection and Recreational Use of Tropical Forests: Part 1—Survey Instrument Development and Structure}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222558} } @article{fds222559, Author = {J.R. DeShazo and R.T. Carson and K.A. Schwabe and J.R. Vincent and I. Ahmad, Chong S.K. and Chang Y.T.}, Title = {Using Surveys to Value Protection and Recreational Use of Tropical Forests: Part 2—Design Issues, Survey Administration, and Descriptive Statistics}, Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222559} } @article{fds222560, Author = {K.A. Schwabe and R.T. Carson and J.R. DeShazo and A.N. Reese and J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Creation of Malaysia’s Royal Belum State Park: A Case Study of Conservation in a Developing Country}, Journal = {J Env and Development (JED)}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222560} } @article{fds222561, Author = {R.T. Carson and J.R. DeShazo and K.A. Schwabe and J.R. Vincent and I. Ahmad}, Title = {Incorporating visitor valuation information into park design decisions}, Journal = {Journal of Forest Economics}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222561} } @article{fds222564, Author = {B. Alkire and J. Meara and J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Benefit-cost analysis of a cleft lip and palate surgical subspecialty hospital in India}, Booktitle = {Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 3rd ed. (Oxford University Press)}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222564} } @article{fds214986, Author = {S. Ferreira and K. Hamilton and J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Does development reduce fatalities from natural disasters? New evidence for floods}, Journal = {Environmental & Development Econ}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214986} } %% Book Chapters @misc{fds202111, Author = {J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Valuing the Environment as a Production Input}, Booktitle = {Environmental Valuation in South Asia (Cambridge University Press)}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds202111} } @misc{fds202112, Author = {J.R. Vincent}, Title = {Askö 1998: Commentary}, Booktitle = {Bringing Ecologists and Economists Together (Springer)}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds202112} } %% Other @misc{fds222562, Author = {J.R. Vincent and I. Ahmad and N. Adnan and J.S. Tan-Soo and K. Thomas}, Title = {Accounting for the water purification service of tropical rainforests}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222562} } @misc{fds222563, Author = {J. Strand and R.T. Carson and S. Navrud and A. Ortiz-Bobea and J.R. Vincent}, Title = {A Delphi exercise as a tool in Amazon rainforest valuation}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds222563} } @misc{fds169982, Author = {J.R. Vincent and S. Das}, Title = {Mangroves and storm protection: getting the numbers right}, Journal = {PNAS}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds169982} } | |
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