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Publications of Jeffrey R. Vincent    :chronological  alphabetical  combined listing:

%% Books   
@book{fds359787,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Curran, SR and Ashton, MS},
   Title = {Forest Restoration in Low- And Middle-Income
             Countries},
   Volume = {46},
   Pages = {289-317},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-020159},
   Abstract = {A series of international initiatives have set ambitious
             goals for restoring global forests. This review synthesizes
             natural and social science research on forest restoration
             (FR), with a focus on restoration on cleared land in low-
             and middle-income countries. We define restoration more
             broadly than reestablishing native forests, given that
             landholders might prefer other forest types. We organize the
             review loosely around ideas in the forest transition
             literature. We begin by examining recent trends in FR and
             forest transition indicators. We then investigate two
             primary parts of the forest transition explanation for
             forest recovery: wood scarcity, including its connection to
             restoration for climate change mitigation, and the dynamic
             relationships between migration and land use. Next, we
             review ecological and silvicultural aspects of restoration
             on cleared land. We conclude by discussing selected
             interventions to promote restoration and the challenge of
             scaling up restoration to achieve international initiatives'
             goals.},
   Doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-020159},
   Key = {fds359787}
}

@book{fds335846,
   Author = {Maler, K-G},
   Title = {Handbook of Environmental Economics Economywide and
             International Environmental Issues},
   Pages = {556 pages},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   ISBN = {9780080459165},
   Abstract = {This is also where some of the most of challenging
             environmental policy issues occur.},
   Key = {fds335846}
}

@book{fds335847,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Ali, RM},
   Title = {Managing Natural Wealth Environment and Development in
             Malaysia},
   Pages = {468 pages},
   Publisher = {Resources for the Future},
   Year = {2005},
   ISBN = {9781933115207},
   Abstract = {“Loggers fined RM24m.” New Straits Times. January 29.
             Krutilla, J.V. 1991. “ Environmental resource services of
             Malaysian moist tropical forests.” Mimeo. Kumar, R. 1986.
             The Forest Resources of Malaysia: Their Economics and
             Development.},
   Key = {fds335847}
}

@book{fds335848,
   Author = {Perrings, C and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Natural resource accounting and economic development theory
             and practice},
   Pages = {273 pages},
   Publisher = {Edward Elgar Pub},
   Year = {2003},
   Key = {fds335848}
}

@book{fds335849,
   Author = {Mäler, K-G and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Handbook of Environmental Economics: Valuing environmental
             changes},
   Pages = {642 pages},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Year = {2003},
   ISBN = {9780444511454},
   Abstract = {In: Dixon, J.A., Hufschmidt, J.A. (Eds.), Economic Valuation
             Techniques for the Environment: A Case Study Workbook. ...
             In: J.R. Vincent, E.W. Crawford, J.P. Hoehn, (Eds.), Valuing
             Environmental Benefits in Developing Countries, Special
              ...},
   Key = {fds335849}
}

@book{fds335850,
   Author = {Mäler, K-G and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Handbook of Environmental Economics},
   Pages = {587 pages},
   Year = {2003},
   ISBN = {9780444500632},
   Key = {fds335850}
}

@book{fds335851,
   Title = {Indonesia Environment and Natural Resource Management in a
             Time of Transition},
   Pages = {129 pages},
   Year = {2001},
   Key = {fds335851}
}

@book{fds335852,
   Title = {Finance for Sustainable Development The Road Ahead :
             Proceedings of the Fourth Group Meeting on Financial Issues
             of Agenda 21, Santiago Chile, 1997},
   Pages = {503 pages},
   Publisher = {United Nations Publications},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Through its extensive research & policy analysis, this
             book provides guidance to policy makers in government &
             the private sector on how to finance sustainable
             development.},
   Key = {fds335852}
}


%% Papers Published   
@article{fds371897,
   Author = {Holl, KD and Bukoski, JJ and Curran, SR and Potts, MD and Vincent,
             JR},
   Title = {Abandoned land: Overestimated potential.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {381},
   Number = {6655},
   Pages = {277-278},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adi8780},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.adi8780},
   Key = {fds371897}
}

@article{fds371561,
   Author = {Walker, B and Crépin, AS and Nyström, M and Anderies, JM and Andersson, E and Elmqvist, T and Queiroz, C and Barrett, S and Bennett,
             E and Cardenas, JC and Carpenter, SR and Chapin, FS and de Zeeuw, A and Fischer, J and Folke, C and Levin, S and Nyborg, K and Polasky, S and Segerson, K and Seto, KC and Scheffer, M and Shogren, JF and Tavoni, A and van den Bergh, J and Weber, EU and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Response diversity as a sustainability strategy},
   Journal = {Nature Sustainability},
   Volume = {6},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {621-629},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-01048-7},
   Abstract = {Financial advisers recommend a diverse portfolio to respond
             to market fluctuations across sectors. Similarly, nature has
             evolved a diverse portfolio of species to maintain ecosystem
             function amid environmental fluctuations. In urban planning,
             public health, transport and communications, food
             production, and other domains, however, this feature often
             seems ignored. As we enter an era of unprecedented
             turbulence at the planetary level, we argue that ample
             responses to this new reality — that is, response
             diversity — can no longer be taken for granted and must be
             actively designed and managed. We describe here what
             response diversity is, how it is expressed and how it can be
             enhanced and lost.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41893-022-01048-7},
   Key = {fds371561}
}

@article{fds362207,
   Author = {He, W and Nabangchang, O and Erdman, K and Vanko, ACA and Poudel, P and Giri, C and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Inferring Economic Impacts from a Program's Physical
             Outcomes: An Application to Forest Protection in
             Thailand.},
   Journal = {Environmental & resource economics},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {845-876},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-021-00644-z},
   Abstract = {Economists typically estimate the average treatment effect
             on the treated (ATT) when evaluating government programs.
             The economic interpretation of the ATT can be ambiguous when
             program outcomes are measured in purely physical terms, as
             they often are in evaluations of environmental programs
             (e.g., avoided deforestation). This paper presents an
             approach for inferring economic impacts from physical
             outcomes when the ATT is estimated using propensity-score
             matching. For the case of forest protection, we show that a
             protection program's ex post economic impact, as perceived
             by the government agency responsible for protection
             decisions, can be proxied by a weighted ATT, with the
             weights derived from the propensity of being treated (i.e.,
             protected). We apply this new metric to mangrove protection
             in Thailand during 1987-2000. We find that the government's
             protection program avoided the loss of 12.8% of the economic
             value associated with the protected mangrove area. This
             estimate is about a quarter smaller than the conventional
             ATT for avoided deforestation, 17.3 percentage points. The
             difference between the two measures indicates that the
             program tended to be less effective at reducing
             deforestation in locations where the government perceived
             the net benefits of protection as being greater, which is
             the opposite of the relationship that would characterize a
             maximally effective program.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-021-00644-z},
   Key = {fds362207}
}

@article{fds367269,
   Author = {Shyamsundar, P and Cohen, F and Boucher, TM and Kroeger, T and Erbaugh,
             JT and Waterfield, G and Clarke, C and Cook-Patton, SC and Garcia, E and Juma, K and Kaur, S and Leisher, C and Miller, DC and Oester, K and Saigal,
             S and Siikamaki, J and Sills, EO and Thaung, T and Trihadmojo, B and Veiga,
             F and Vincent, JR and Yi, Y and Zhang, XX},
   Title = {Scaling smallholder tree cover restoration across the
             tropics},
   Journal = {Global Environmental Change},
   Volume = {76},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102591},
   Abstract = {Restoring tree cover in tropical countries has the potential
             to benefit millions of smallholders through improvements in
             income and environmental services. However, despite their
             dominant landholding shares in many countries,
             smallholders’ role in restoration has not been addressed
             in prior global or pan-tropical restoration studies. We fill
             this lacuna by using global spatial data on trees and
             people, national indicators of enabling conditions, and
             micro-level expert information. We find that by 2050,
             low-cost restoration is feasible within 280, 200, and 60
             million hectares of tropical croplands, pasturelands, and
             degraded forestlands, respectively. Such restoration could
             affect 210 million people in croplands, 59 million people in
             pasturelands and 22 million people in degraded forestlands.
             This predominance of low-cost restoration opportunity in
             populated agricultural lands has not been revealed by prior
             analyses of tree cover restoration potential. In countries
             with low-cost tropical restoration potential, smallholdings
             comprise a significant proportion of agricultural lands in
             Asia (∼76 %) and Africa (∼60 %) but not the Americas
             (∼3%). Thus, while the Americas account for approximately
             half of 21st century tropical deforestation,
             smallholder-based reforestation may play a larger role in
             efforts to reverse recent forest loss in Asia and Africa
             than in the Americas. Furthermore, our analyses show that
             countries with low-cost restoration potential largely lack
             policy commitments or smallholder supportive institutional
             and market conditions. Discussions among practitioners and
             researchers suggest that four principles – partnering with
             farmers and prioritizing their preferences, reducing
             uncertainty, strengthening markets, and mobilizing
             innovative financing – can help scale smallholder-driven
             restoration in the face of these challenges.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102591},
   Key = {fds367269}
}

@article{fds366698,
   Author = {Holl, KD and Ashton, MS and Bukoski, JJ and Culbertson, KA and Curran,
             SR and Harris, TB and Potts, MD and Valverde, YL and Vincent,
             JR},
   Title = {Redefining “abandoned” agricultural land in the context
             of reforestation},
   Journal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change},
   Volume = {5},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.933887},
   Abstract = {Global mapping efforts to date have relied on vague and
             oversimplified definitions of “abandoned” agricultural
             land which results in overestimates of the land area that is
             likely to support persistent increases in forest cover and
             associated carbon sequestration. We propose a new
             conceptualization of abandoned agricultural land that
             incorporates changes in landholding status over time into
             determining whether land should be considered as abandoned.
             In order to develop more realistic estimates of the amount
             of land available for reforestation, we recommend clearly
             defining how abandoned land is categorized, discerning who
             owns and has rights to use the land, and combining remotely
             sensed data with household/stakeholder surveys to understand
             landowner motivations for not cropping or grazing
             land.},
   Doi = {10.3389/ffgc.2022.933887},
   Key = {fds366698}
}

@article{fds351442,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Nabangchang, O and Shi, C},
   Title = {Is the Distribution of Ecosystem Service Benefits Pro-Poor?
             Evidence from Water Purification by Forests in
             Thailand},
   Journal = {Water Economics and Policy},
   Volume = {6},
   Number = {3},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S2382624X20500058},
   Abstract = {Forests are widely believed to provide a water purification
             service that reduces the cost of treating drinking water,
             but few empirical economic studies have investigated this
             service in developing countries, where deforestation rates
             and thus threats to the service tend to be higher than in
             developed countries. Even fewer studies have investigated
             the distribution of the benefits of this service, or any
             other regulating ecosystem service for that matter, in
             either developing or developed countries. Using quarterly
             panel data for 158 water utilities in Thailand during
             2004-2014, we find robust evidence that forests
             significantly reduced the material cost of water treatment,
             but we find no evidence that the cost reductions were
             progressive in the sense of being larger in provinces with
             higher poverty rates. The economic justification for source
             water protection in Thailand appears to hinge purely on
             considerations of efficiency-does source water protection
             provide net benefits?-not on the distribution of those
             benefits between poorer and richer locations. Research in
             other countries is needed to determine if the absence of
             pro-poor distributional impacts of forest water purification
             is unique to Thailand or the norm and if interventions that
             enhance forest water purification significantly reduce
             poverty in locations served by treated drinking water
             systems.},
   Doi = {10.1142/S2382624X20500058},
   Key = {fds351442}
}

@article{fds326615,
   Author = {Pattanayak, SK and Kramer, RA and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Ecosystem change and human health: implementation economics
             and policy.},
   Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
             Series B, Biological sciences},
   Volume = {372},
   Number = {1722},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0130},
   Abstract = {Several recent initiatives such as Planetary Health,
             EcoHealth and One Health claim that human health depends on
             flourishing natural ecosystems. However, little has been
             said about the operational and implementation challenges of
             health-oriented conservation actions on the ground. We
             contend that ecological-epidemiological research must be
             complemented by a form of implementation science that
             examines: (i) the links between specific conservation
             actions and the resulting ecological changes, and (ii) how
             this ecological change impacts human health and well-being,
             when human behaviours are considered. Drawing on the policy
             evaluation tradition in public economics, first, we present
             three examples of recent social science research on
             conservation interventions that affect human health. These
             examples are from low- and middle-income countries in the
             tropics and subtropics. Second, drawing on these examples,
             we present three propositions related to impact evaluation
             and non-market valuation that can help guide future
             multidisciplinary research on conservation and human health.
             Research guided by these propositions will allow
             stakeholders to determine how ecosystem-mediated strategies
             for health promotion compare with more conventional
             biomedical prevention and treatment strategies for
             safeguarding health.This article is part of the themed issue
             'Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease:
             scientific evidence and policy implications'.},
   Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0130},
   Key = {fds326615}
}

@article{fds326616,
   Author = {Young, HS and Wood, CL and Kilpatrick, AM and Lafferty, KD and Nunn, CL and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease:
             scientific evidence and policy implications.},
   Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
             Series B, Biological sciences},
   Volume = {372},
   Number = {1722},
   Pages = {20160124},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0124},
   Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0124},
   Key = {fds326616}
}

@article{fds322055,
   Author = {Strand, J and Carson, RT and Navrud, S and Ortiz-Bobea, A and Vincent,
             JR},
   Title = {Using the Delphi method to value protection of the Amazon
             rainforest},
   Journal = {Ecological Economics},
   Volume = {131},
   Pages = {475-484},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.09.028},
   Abstract = {Valuing global environmental public goods can serve to
             mobilize international resources for their protection. While
             stated-preference valuation methods have been applied
             extensively to public goods valuation in individual
             countries, applications to global public goods with surveys
             in multiple countries are scarce due to complex and costly
             implementation. Benefit transfer is effectively infeasible
             when there are few existing studies valuing similar goods.
             The Delphi method, which relies on expert opinion, offers a
             third alternative. We explore this method for estimating the
             value of protecting the Amazon rainforest, by asking more
             than 200 environmental valuation experts from 37 countries
             on four continents to predict the outcome of a contingent
             valuation survey to elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) for
             Amazon forest protection by their own countries'
             populations. The average annual per-household values of
             avoiding a 30% forest loss in the Amazon by 2050, assessed
             by experts, vary from a few dollars in low-income Asian
             countries, to a high near $100 in Canada, Germany and
             Norway. The elasticity with respect to average
             (PPP-adjusted) per-household incomes is close to unity.
             Results from the Delphi study match remarkably well those
             from a recent population stated-preference survey in Canada
             and the United States, using a similar valuation
             scenario.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.09.028},
   Key = {fds322055}
}

@article{fds315061,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Ahmad, I and Adnan, N and Burwell, WB and Pattanayak,
             SK and Tan-Soo, JS and Thomas, K},
   Title = {Valuing Water Purification by Forests: An Analysis of
             Malaysian Panel Data},
   Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {59-80},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0924-6460},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9934-9},
   Abstract = {Water purification might be the most frequently invoked
             example of an economically valuable ecosystem service, yet
             the impacts of upstream land use on downstream municipal
             water treatment costs remain poorly understood. This is
             especially true in developing countries, where rates of
             deforestation are highest and cost-effective expansion of
             safe water supplies is needed the most. We present the first
             econometric study to estimate directly the effect of
             tropical forests on water treatment cost. We exploit a rich
             panel dataset from Malaysia, which enables us to control for
             a wide range of potentially confounding factors. We find
             significant, robust evidence that protecting both virgin and
             logged forests against conversion to nonforest land uses
             reduced water treatment costs, with protection of virgin
             forests reducing costs more. The marginal value of this
             water purification service varied greatly across treatment
             plants, thus implying that the service offered a stronger
             rationale for forest protection in some locations than
             others. On average, the service value was large relative to
             treatment plants’ expenditures on priced inputs, but it
             was very small compared to producer surpluses for competing
             land uses. For various reasons, however, the latter
             comparison exaggerates the shortfall between the benefits
             and the costs of enhancing water purification by protecting
             forests. Moreover, forest protection decisions that appear
             to be economically unjustified when only water purification
             is considered might be justified when a broader range of
             services is taken into account.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-015-9934-9},
   Key = {fds315061}
}

@article{fds322056,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Erratum to: Impact Evaluation of Forest Conservation
             Programs: Benefit-Cost Analysis, Without the Economics
             (Environ Resource Econ, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-015-9896-y)},
   Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
   Volume = {63},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {409},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9909-x},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-015-9909-x},
   Key = {fds322056}
}

@article{fds311126,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Impact Evaluation of Forest Conservation Programs:
             Benefit-Cost Analysis, Without the Economics},
   Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
   Volume = {63},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {395-408},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0924-6460},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9896-y},
   Abstract = {Economists are increasingly using impact evaluation methods
             to measure the effectiveness of forest conservation
             programs. Theoretical analysis of two complementary economic
             models demonstrates that the average treatment effect on the
             treated (ATT) typically reported by these studies can be
             related to an economic measure of program performance only
             under very restrictive conditions. This is because the ATT
             is usually expressed in purely physical terms (e.g., avoided
             deforestation) and ignores heterogeneity in the costs and
             benefits of conservation programs. For the same reasons,
             clinical trials are a misleading analogy for the evaluation
             of conservation programs. To be more useful for economic
             analyses of conservation programs, impact evaluations should
             work toward developing measures of program outcomes that are
             economically more relevant, data that would enable the
             evaluation of impacts on forest degradation (not just
             deforestation) and primary forests (not forests in general),
             better estimates of spatially disaggregated treatment
             effects (not program-wide averages), and better information
             on the accuracy of estimated treatment effects as predictors
             of future risks.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-015-9896-y},
   Key = {fds311126}
}

@article{fds322057,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Avoided deforestation: Not a good measure of conservation
             impact},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Volume = {28},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-3},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds322057}
}

@article{fds311127,
   Author = {Tan-Soo, JS and Adnan, N and Ahmad, I and Pattanayak, SK and Vincent,
             JR},
   Title = {Econometric Evidence on Forest Ecosystem Services:
             Deforestation and Flooding in Malaysia},
   Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
   Volume = {63},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {25-44},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0924-6460},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9834-4},
   Abstract = {Governments around the world are increasingly invoking
             hydrological services, such as flood mitigation and water
             purification, as a justification for forest conservation
             programs in upstream areas. Yet, rigorous empirical evidence
             that these programs are actually delivering the intended
             services remains scant. We investigate the effect of
             deforestation on flood-mitigation services in Peninsular
             Malaysia during 1984–2000, a period when detailed data on
             both flood events and land-use change are available for 31
             river basins. Floods are the most common natural disaster in
             tropical regions, but the ability of tropical forests to
             mitigate large-scale floods associated with heavy rainfall
             events remains disputed. We find that the conversion of
             inland tropical forests to oil palm and rubber plantations
             significantly increased the number of days flooded during
             the wettest months of the year. Our results demonstrate the
             importance of using disaggregated land-use data, controlling
             for potentially confounding factors, and applying
             appropriate estimators in econometric studies on forest
             ecosystem services.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-014-9834-4},
   Key = {fds311127}
}

@article{fds322058,
   Author = {Carson, RT and DeShazo, JR and Schwabe, KA and Vincent, JR and Ahmad,
             I},
   Title = {Incorporating local visitor valuation information into the
             design of new recreation sites in tropical
             forests},
   Journal = {Ecological Economics},
   Volume = {120},
   Pages = {338-349},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.009},
   Abstract = {In rapidly industrializing countries, decisions need to be
             made as to what characteristics new tropical forest parks in
             or near urban areas should have. Using a discrete choice
             experiment, we estimate prospective visitors'
             willingness-to-pay for a range of forest park
             characteristics for a representative sample of Malaysian
             households in the Kuala Lumpur-Selangor region. To enable
             park managers to adapt park designs to important types of
             heterogeneity among park visitors, we further identify how
             these estimates vary across geography (i.e., residential
             location: urban, suburban, rural), major ethnic groups, and
             patterns of recreational behavior. We show how a model that
             includes a wide array of visitor heterogeneity can be used
             to identify configurations of park characteristics that
             maximize social welfare across both the general sample and
             specific subgroups of prospective visitors.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.009},
   Key = {fds322058}
}

@article{fds322059,
   Author = {Mock, CN and Donkor, P and Gawande, A and Jamison, DT and Kruk, ME and Debas, HT and DCP3 Essential Surgery Author
             Group},
   Title = {Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control
             Priorities, 3rd edition.},
   Journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
   Volume = {385},
   Number = {9983},
   Pages = {2209-2219},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60091-5},
   Abstract = {The World Bank will publish the nine volumes of Disease
             Control Priorities, 3rd edition, in 2015-16. Volume
             1--Essential Surgery--identifies 44 surgical procedures as
             essential on the basis that they address substantial needs,
             are cost effective, and are feasible to implement. This
             report summarises and critically assesses the volume's five
             key findings. First, provision of essential surgical
             procedures would avert about 1·5 million deaths a year, or
             6-7% of all avertable deaths in low-income and middle-income
             countries. Second, essential surgical procedures rank among
             the most cost effective of all health interventions. The
             surgical platform of the first-level hospital delivers 28 of
             the 44 essential procedures, making investment in this
             platform also highly cost effective. Third, measures to
             expand access to surgery, such as task sharing, have been
             shown to be safe and effective while countries make
             long-term investments in building surgical and anaesthesia
             workforces. Because emergency procedures constitute 23 of
             the 28 procedures provided at first-level hospitals,
             expansion of access requires that such facilities be widely
             geographically diffused. Fourth, substantial disparities
             remain in the safety of surgical care, driven by high
             perioperative mortality rates including anaesthesia-related
             deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. Feasible
             measures, such as WHO's Surgical Safety Checklist, have led
             to improvements in safety and quality. Fifth, the large
             burden of surgical disorders, cost-effectiveness of
             essential surgery, and strong public demand for surgical
             services suggest that universal coverage of essential
             surgery should be financed early on the path to universal
             health coverage. We point to estimates that full coverage of
             the component of universal coverage of essential surgery
             applicable to first-level hospitals would require just over
             US$3 billion annually of additional spending and yield a
             benefit-cost ratio of more than 10:1. It would efficiently
             and equitably provide health benefits, financial protection,
             and contributions to stronger health systems.},
   Doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60091-5},
   Key = {fds322059}
}

@article{fds301899,
   Author = {Alkire, BC and Shrime, MG and Dare, AJ and Vincent, JR and Meara,
             JG},
   Title = {Global economic consequences of selected surgical diseases:
             a modelling study.},
   Journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
   Volume = {3 Suppl 2},
   Pages = {S21-S27},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(15)70088-4},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The surgical burden of disease is
             substantial, but little is known about the associated
             economic consequences. We estimate the global macroeconomic
             impact of the surgical burden of disease due to injury,
             neoplasm, digestive diseases, and maternal and neonatal
             disorders from two distinct economic perspectives.<h4>Methods</h4>We
             obtained mortality rate estimates for each disease for the
             years 2000 and 2010 from the Institute of Health Metrics and
             Evaluation Global Burden of Disease 2010 study, and
             estimates of the proportion of the burden of the selected
             diseases that is surgical from a paper by Shrime and
             colleagues. We first used the value of lost output (VLO)
             approach, based on the WHO's Projecting the Economic Cost of
             Ill-Health (EPIC) model, to project annual market economy
             losses due to these surgical diseases during 2015-30. EPIC
             attempts to model how disease affects a country's projected
             labour force and capital stock, which in turn are related to
             losses in economic output, or gross domestic product (GDP).
             We then used the value of lost welfare (VLW) approach, which
             is conceptually based on the value of a statistical life and
             is inclusive of non-market losses, to estimate the present
             value of long-run welfare losses resulting from mortality
             and short-run welfare losses resulting from morbidity
             incurred during 2010. Sensitivity analyses were performed
             for both approaches.<h4>Findings</h4>During 2015-30, the VLO
             approach projected that surgical conditions would result in
             losses of 1·25% of potential GDP, or $20·7 trillion (2010
             US$, purchasing power parity) in the 128 countries with data
             available. When expressed as a proportion of potential GDP,
             annual GDP losses were greatest in low-income and
             middle-income countries, with up to a 2·5% loss in output
             by 2030. When total welfare losses are assessed (VLW), the
             present value of economic losses is estimated to be
             equivalent to 17% of 2010 GDP, or $14·5 trillion in the 175
             countries assessed with this approach. Neoplasm and injury
             account for greater than 95% of total economic losses with
             each approach, but maternal, digestive, and neonatal
             disorders, which represent only 4% of losses in high-income
             countries with the VLW approach, contribute to 26% of losses
             in low-income countries.<h4>Interpretation</h4>The
             macroeconomic impact of surgical disease is substantial and
             inequitably distributed. When paired with the growing number
             of favourable cost-effectiveness analyses of surgical
             interventions in low-income and middle-income countries, our
             results suggest that building surgical capacity should be a
             global health priority.<h4>Funding</h4>US National
             Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute.},
   Doi = {10.1016/s2214-109x(15)70088-4},
   Key = {fds301899}
}

@article{fds301900,
   Author = {Schwabe, KA and Carson, RT and DeShazo, JR and Potts, MD and Reese, AN and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Creation of Malaysia’s Royal Belum State Park: A Case
             Study of Conservation in a Developing Country},
   Journal = {Journal of Environment and Development},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {54-81},
   Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {1070-4965},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496514551173},
   Abstract = {The incentives for resource extraction and development make
             the conservation of biodiversity challenging within tropical
             forestlands. The 2007 establishment of the Royal Belum State
             Park in the Malaysian state of Perak offers lessons for
             creating protected areas in tropical countries where
             subnational governments are major forestland owners. This
             article elucidates the social and political forces that
             influenced Royal Belum’s creation. Those forces included
             Malaysian conservation groups’ efforts to establish the
             ecological uniqueness of the site and rally public support
             to protect it; the Perak state government, which is the
             landowner under Malaysia’s constitution, seeking a
             protection option that would minimize the economic costs to
             it (and perhaps generate net economic benefits); and the
             federal government providing a legal framework and support
             for park protection and ecotourism development. Successful
             long-run protection of Royal Belum will require action
             beyond simply designating the area as protected.},
   Doi = {10.1177/1070496514551173},
   Key = {fds301900}
}

@article{fds301897,
   Author = {Austin, KG and Kasibhatla, PS and Urban, DL and Stolle, F and Vincent,
             J},
   Title = {Reconciling oil palm expansion and climate change mitigation
             in Kalimantan, Indonesia.},
   Journal = {PloS one},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {e0127963},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127963},
   Abstract = {Our society faces the pressing challenge of increasing
             agricultural production while minimizing negative
             consequences on ecosystems and the global climate.
             Indonesia, which has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
             emissions from deforestation while doubling production of
             several major agricultural commodities, exemplifies this
             challenge. Here we focus on palm oil, the world's most
             abundant vegetable oil and a commodity that has contributed
             significantly to Indonesia's economy. Most oil palm
             expansion in the country has occurred at the expense of
             forests, resulting in significant GHG emissions. We examine
             the extent to which land management policies can resolve the
             apparently conflicting goals of oil palm expansion and GHG
             mitigation in Kalimantan, a major oil palm growing region of
             Indonesia. Using a logistic regression model to predict the
             locations of new oil palm between 2010 and 2020 we evaluate
             the impacts of six alternative policy scenarios on future
             emissions. We estimate net emissions of 128.4-211.4 MtCO2
             yr(-1) under business as usual expansion of oil palm
             plantations. The impact of diverting new plantations to low
             carbon stock land depends on the design of the policy. We
             estimate that emissions can be reduced by 9-10% by extending
             the current moratorium on new concessions in primary forests
             and peat lands, 35% by limiting expansion on all peat and
             forestlands, 46% by limiting expansion to areas with
             moderate carbon stocks, and 55-60% by limiting expansion to
             areas with low carbon stocks. Our results suggest that these
             policies would reduce oil palm profits only moderately but
             would vary greatly in terms of cost-effectiveness of
             emissions reductions. We conclude that a carefully designed
             and implemented oil palm expansion plan can contribute
             significantly towards Indonesia's national emissions
             mitigation goal, while allowing oil palm area to
             double.},
   Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0127963},
   Key = {fds301897}
}

@article{fds301901,
   Author = {DeShazo, JR and Carson, RT and Schwabe, KA and Vincent, JR and Ismariah,
             A and Chong, SK and Chang, YT},
   Title = {Designing and implementing surveys to value tropical
             forests},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Volume = {27},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {92-114},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0128-1283},
   Abstract = {This paper describes a household survey that was used to
             collect data for valuing protection and recreational use of
             tropical rainforests in Peninsular Malaysia. The survey was
             developed and implemented from 2007 till 2010 and was the
             largest environmental valuation survey ever conducted in
             Malaysia. It included modules related to both
             stated-preference valuation (discrete choice experiments;
             DCEs) and revealed-preference valuation methods (recreation
             demand models). The first part of this paper covers three
             issues: development of the survey instrument, design of the
             DCEs and structure of the instrument. The second part
             provides details on the survey itself (sample design, survey
             administration), presents preliminary results and suggests
             improvements to the survey.},
   Key = {fds301901}
}

@article{fds301902,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Carson, RT and DeShazo, JR and Schwabe, KA and Ahmad, I and Chong, SK and Chang, YT and Potts, MD},
   Title = {Tropical countries may be willing to pay more to protect
             their forests.},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
             United States of America},
   Volume = {111},
   Number = {28},
   Pages = {10113-10118},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0027-8424},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312246111},
   Abstract = {Inadequate funding from developed countries has hampered
             international efforts to conserve biodiversity in tropical
             forests. We present two complementary research approaches
             that reveal a significant increase in public demand for
             conservation within tropical developing countries as those
             countries reach upper-middle-income (UMI) status. We
             highlight UMI tropical countries because they contain nearly
             four-fifths of tropical primary forests, which are rich in
             biodiversity and stored carbon. The first approach is a set
             of statistical analyses of various cross-country
             conservation indicators, which suggests that protective
             government policies have lagged behind the increase in
             public demand in these countries. The second approach is a
             case study from Malaysia, which reveals in a more integrated
             fashion the linkages from rising household income to
             increased household willingness to pay for conservation,
             nongovernmental organization activity, and delayed
             government action. Our findings suggest that domestic
             funding in UMI tropical countries can play a larger role in
             (i) closing the funding gap for tropical forest
             conservation, and (ii) paying for supplementary conservation
             actions linked to international payments for reduced
             greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest
             degradation in tropical countries.},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312246111},
   Key = {fds301902}
}

@article{fds301903,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {EDE: Job well done, but job not yet done},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {19},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {318-320},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1355-770X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X14000291},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X14000291},
   Key = {fds301903}
}

@article{fds301904,
   Author = {Ferreira, S and Hamilton, K and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Does development reduce fatalities from natural disasters?
             New evidence for floods},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {649-679},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1355-770X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X13000387},
   Abstract = {We analyze the impact of development on flood fatalities
             using a new data set of 2,171 large floods in 92 countries
             between 1985 and 2008. Our results challenge the
             conventional wisdom that development results in fewer
             fatalities during natural disasters. Results indicating that
             higher income and better governance reduce fatalities during
             flood events do not hold up when unobserved country
             heterogeneity and within-country correlation of standard
             errors are taken into account. We find that income does have
             a significant, indirect effect on flood fatalities by
             affecting flood frequency and flood magnitude, but this
             effect is nonmonotonic, with net reductions in fatalities
             occurring only in lower income countries. We find little
             evidence that improved governance affects flood fatalities
             either directly or indirectly. © 2013 Cambridge University
             Press.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X13000387},
   Key = {fds301904}
}

@article{fds301906,
   Author = {Levin, S and Xepapadeas, T and Crépin, AS and Norberg, J and De Zeeuw,
             A and Folke, C and Hughes, T and Arrow, K and Barrett, S and Daily, G and Ehrlich, P and Kautsky, N and Mäler, KG and Polasky, S and Troell, M and Vincent, JR and Walker, B},
   Title = {Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems:
             Modeling and policy implications},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {111-132},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {1355-770X},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000316190400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {Systems linking people and nature, known as
             social-ecological systems, are increasingly understood as
             complex adaptive systems. Essential features of these
             complex adaptive systems - such as nonlinear feedbacks,
             strategic interactions, individual and spatial
             heterogeneity, and varying time scales - pose substantial
             challenges for modeling. However, ignoring these
             characteristics can distort our picture of how these systems
             work, causing policies to be less effective or even
             counterproductive. In this paper we present recent
             developments in modeling social-ecological systems,
             illustrate some of these challenges with examples related to
             coral reefs and grasslands, and identify the implications
             for economic and policy analysis. © 2012 Cambridge
             University Press.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X12000460},
   Key = {fds301906}
}

@article{fds301946,
   Author = {Auffhammer, M and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Unobserved time effects confound the identification of
             climate change impacts.},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
             United States of America},
   Volume = {109},
   Number = {30},
   Pages = {11973-11974},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0027-8424},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202049109},
   Abstract = {A recent study by Feng et al. [Feng S, Krueger A,
             Oppenheimer M (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:14257-14262]
             in PNAS reported statistical evidence of a weather-driven
             causal effect of crop yields on human migration from Mexico
             to the United States. We show that this conclusion is based
             on a different statistical model than the one stated in the
             paper. When we correct for this mistake, there is no
             evidence of a causal link.},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1202049109},
   Key = {fds301946}
}

@article{fds301948,
   Author = {Hughes, CD and Babigian, A and McCormack, S and Alkire, BC and Wong, A and Pap, SA and Vincent, JR and Meara, JG and Castiglione, C and Silverman,
             R},
   Title = {The clinical and economic impact of a sustained program in
             global plastic surgery: valuing cleft care in resource-poor
             settings.},
   Journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery},
   Volume = {130},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {87e-94e},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0032-1052},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e318254b2a2},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The development of surgery in low- and
             middle-income countries has been limited by a belief that it
             is too expensive to be sustainable. However, subspecialist
             surgical care can provide substantial clinical and economic
             benefits in low-resource settings. The goal of this study is
             to describe the clinical and economic impact of recurrent
             short-term plastic surgical trips in low- and middle-income
             countries.<h4>Methods</h4>The authors conducted a
             retrospective review of clinic and operative logbooks from
             Hands Across the World's surgical experience in Ecuador. The
             authors calculated the disability-adjusted life-years
             averted to estimate the clinical impact of cleft repair and
             then calculated the economic impact of surgical intervention
             for cleft disease.<h4>Results</h4>One thousand one hundred
             forty-two reconstructive surgical cases were performed over
             15 years. Surgery was most commonly performed for scar
             contractures [449 cases (39.3 percent)], of which burn scars
             comprised a substantial amount [215 cases (18.8 percent)].
             There were 40 postoperative complications within 7 days of
             operation (3.5 percent), and partial wound dehiscence was
             the most common complication [16 of 40 (40 percent)]. Cleft
             disorders constituted 277 cases (24.3 percent), and 102
             cases were primary cleft lip and/or palate cases. Between
             396 and 1042 total disability-adjusted life-years were
             averted through surgery for these 102 cases of primary cleft
             repair. This translates to an economic benefit between $4.7
             million (human capital approach) and $27.5 million (value of
             a statistical life approach).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Plastic
             surgical disease is a significant source of morbidity for
             patients in resource-limited regions. Dedicated programs
             that provide essential reconstructive surgery can produce
             substantial clinical and economic benefits to host
             countries.},
   Doi = {10.1097/prs.0b013e318254b2a2},
   Key = {fds301948}
}

@article{fds301949,
   Author = {Auffhammer, M and Ramanathan, V and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Climate change, the monsoon, and rice yield in
             India},
   Journal = {Climatic Change},
   Volume = {111},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {411-424},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0165-0009},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0208-4},
   Abstract = {Recent research indicates that monsoon rainfall became less
             frequent but more intense in India during the latter half of
             the Twentieth Century, thus increasing the risk of drought
             and flood damage to the country's wet-season (kharif) rice
             crop. Our statistical analysis of state-level Indian data
             confirms that drought and extreme rainfall negatively
             affected rice yield (harvest per hectare) in predominantly
             rainfed areas during 1966-2002, with drought having a much
             greater impact than extreme rainfall. Using Monte Carlo
             simulation, we find that yield would have been 1. 7% higher
             on average if monsoon characteristics, especially drought
             frequency, had not changed since 1960. Yield would have
             received an additional boost of nearly 4% if two other
             meteorological changes (warmer nights and lower rainfall at
             the end of the growing season) had not occurred. In
             combination, these changes would have increased cumulative
             harvest during 1966-2002 by an amount equivalent to about a
             fifth of the increase caused by improvements in farming
             technology. Climate change has evidently already negatively
             affected India's hundreds of millions of rice producers and
             consumers. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media
             B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10584-011-0208-4},
   Key = {fds301949}
}

@article{fds301905,
   Author = {Carpenter, SR and Arrow, KJ and Barrett, S and Biggs, R and Brock, WA and Crépin, AS and Engström, G and Folke, C and Hughes, TP and Kautsky, N and Li, CZ and Mccarney, G and Meng, K and Mäler, KG and Polasky, S and Scheffer, M and Shogren, J and Sterner, T and Vincent, JR and Walker, B and Xepapadeas, A and de Zeeuw, A},
   Title = {General resilience to cope with extreme events},
   Journal = {Sustainability},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {3248-3259},
   Publisher = {MDPI AG},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {2071-1050},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su4123248},
   Abstract = {Resilience to specified kinds of disasters is an active area
             of research and practice. However, rare or unprecedented
             disturbances that are unusually intense or extensive require
             a more broad-spectrum type of resilience. General resilience
             is the capacity of social-ecological systems to adapt or
             transform in response to unfamiliar, unexpected and extreme
             shocks. Conditions that enable general resilience include
             diversity, modularity, openness, reserves, feedbacks,
             nestedness, monitoring, leadership, and trust. Processes for
             building general resilience are an emerging and crucially
             important area of research. © 2012 by the
             authors.},
   Doi = {10.3390/su4123248},
   Key = {fds301905}
}

@article{fds301947,
   Author = {Alkire, BC and Vincent, JR and Burns, CT and Metzler, IS and Farmer, PE and Meara, JG},
   Title = {Obstructed labor and caesarean delivery: the cost and
             benefit of surgical intervention.},
   Journal = {PloS one},
   Volume = {7},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {e34595},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1932-6203},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034595},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Although advances in the reduction of
             maternal mortality have been made, up to 273,000 women will
             die this year from obstetric etiologies. Obstructed labor
             (OL), most commonly treated with Caesarean delivery, has
             been identified as a major contributor to global maternal
             morbidity and mortality. We used economic and
             epidemiological modeling to estimate the cost per
             disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted and
             benefit-cost ratio of treating OL with Caesarean delivery
             for 49 countries identified as providing an insufficient
             number of Caesarean deliveries to meet demand.<h4>Methods
             and findings</h4>Using publicly available data and explicit
             economic assumptions, we estimated that the cost per DALY
             (3,0,0) averted for providing Caesarean delivery for OL
             ranged widely, from $251 per DALY averted in Madagascar to
             $3,462 in Oman. The median cost per DALY averted was $304.
             Benefit-cost ratios also varied, from 0.6 in Zimbabwe to
             69.9 in Gabon. The median benefit-cost ratio calculated was
             6.0. The main limitation of this study is an assumption that
             lack of surgical capacity is the main factor responsible for
             DALYs from OL.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Using the World Health
             Organization's cost-effectiveness standards, investing in
             Caesarean delivery can be considered "highly cost-effective"
             for 48 of the 49 countries included in this study.
             Furthermore, in 46 of the 49 included countries, the
             benefit-cost ratio was greater than 1.0, implying that
             investment in Caesarean delivery is a viable economic
             proposition. While Caesarean delivery alone is not
             sufficient for combating OL, it is necessary, cost-effective
             by WHO standards, and ultimately economically favorable in
             the vast majority of countries included in this
             study.},
   Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0034595},
   Key = {fds301947}
}

@article{fds214980,
   Author = {Auffhammer, M. and V. Ramanathan and J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Climate change, the monsoon, and rice yield in
             India},
   Journal = {Climatic Change},
   Year = {2012},
   Key = {fds214980}
}

@article{fds301950,
   Author = {Warf, BC and Alkire, BC and Bhai, S and Hughes, C and Schiff, SJ and Vincent, JR and Meara, JG},
   Title = {Costs and benefits of neurosurgical intervention for infant
             hydrocephalus in sub-Saharan Africa.},
   Journal = {Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {509-521},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {1933-0707},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.peds11163},
   Keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara • Cohort Studies • Cost
             of Illness • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Developing
             Countries • Disability Evaluation • Female •
             Follow-Up Studies • Humans • Hydrocephalus •
             Infant • Male • Mothers • Neurosurgical
             Procedures • Quality-Adjusted Life Years •
             Treatment Outcome • Uganda • Ventriculoperitoneal
             Shunt • economics • economics* • epidemiology
             • etiology • methods • surgery*},
   Abstract = {<h4>Object</h4>Evidence from the CURE Children's Hospital of
             Uganda (CCHU) suggests that treatment for hydrocephalus in
             infants can be effective and sustainable in a developing
             country. This model has not been broadly supported or
             implemented due in part to the absence of data on the
             economic burden of disease or any assessment of the cost and
             benefit of treatment. The authors used economic modeling to
             estimate the annual cost and benefit of treating
             hydrocephalus in infants at CCHU. These results were then
             extrapolated to the potential economic impact of treating
             all cases of hydrocephalus in infants in sub-Saharan Africa
             (SSA).<h4>Methods</h4>The authors conducted a retrospective
             review of all children initially treated for hydrocephalus
             at CCHU via endoscopic third ventriculostomy or shunt
             placement in 2005. A combination of data and explicit
             assumptions was used to determine the number of times each
             procedure was performed, the cost of performing each
             procedure, the number of disability-adjusted life years
             (DALYs) averted with neurosurgical intervention, and the
             economic benefit of the treatment. For CCHU and SSA, the
             cost per DALY averted and the benefit-cost ratio of 1 year's
             treatment of hydrocephalus in infants were
             determined.<h4>Results</h4>In 2005, 297 patients (median age
             4 months) were treated at CCHU. The total cost of
             neurosurgical intervention was $350,410, and the cost per
             DALY averted ranged from $59 to $126. The CCHU's economic
             benefit to Uganda was estimated to be between $3.1 million
             and $5.2 million using a human capital approach and $4.6
             million-$188 million using a value of a statistical life
             (VSL) approach. The total economic benefit of treating the
             conservatively estimated 82,000 annual cases of
             hydrocephalus in infants in SSA ranged from $930 million to
             $1.6 billion using a human capital approach and $1.4
             billion-$56 billion using a VSL approach. The minimum
             benefit-cost ratio of treating hydrocephalus in infants was
             estimated to be 7:1.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Untreated
             hydrocephalus in infants exacts an enormous price from SSA.
             The results of this study suggest that neurosurgical
             intervention has a cost/DALY averted comparable to other
             surgical interventions that have been evaluated, as well as
             a favorable benefit-cost ratio. The prevention and treatment
             of hydrocephalus in SSA should be recognized as a major
             public health priority.},
   Doi = {10.3171/2011.8.peds11163},
   Key = {fds301950}
}

@article{fds301951,
   Author = {Alkire, B and Hughes, CD and Nash, K and Vincent, JR and Meara,
             JG},
   Title = {Potential economic benefit of cleft lip and palate repair in
             sub-Saharan Africa.},
   Journal = {World journal of surgery},
   Volume = {35},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1194-1201},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0364-2313},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1055-1},
   Keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara • Cleft Lip • Cleft
             Palate • Cost Savings* • Databases, Factual •
             Developing Countries • Female • Health Care Costs
             • Humans • Infant • Infant, Newborn •
             Male • Models, Econometric • Reconstructive
             Surgical Procedures • Retrospective Studies •
             economics • economics* • methods •
             surgery*},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Acceptance of basic surgical care as an
             essential element of any properly functioning health system
             is growing. To justify investment in surgical interventions,
             donors require estimates of the economic benefit of treating
             surgical disease. The present study aimed to establish a
             methodology for valuing the potential economic benefit of
             surgical intervention using cleft lip and palate (CLP) in
             sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a model.<h4>Methods</h4>Economic
             modeling of cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) in SSA was
             performed with retrospective demographic and economic data
             from 2008. The total number of Disability-Adjusted
             Life-Years (DALYs) secondary to CLP in 2008 was calculated
             from accepted clefting incidence rates and disability
             weights taken from the Global Burden of Disease Project.
             DALYs were then converted to monetary terms ($US), using
             both a human capital approach and Value of a Statistical
             Life (VSL) approach.<h4>Results</h4>With the human capital
             approach, the potential economic benefit if all incident
             cases of CLP in SSA in 2008 were repaired at birth ranged
             from $252 million to $441 million. With VSL, the potential
             economic benefit of the same CLP repair would range from
             $5.4 billion to $9.7 billion.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Cleft lip
             and cleft palate can have a substantial impact on the
             economic health of countries in the developing world.
             Further studies should be directed at quantifying the
             economic benefit of surgical interventions and quantifying
             their costs with an economically sound approach.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s00268-011-1055-1},
   Key = {fds301951}
}

@article{fds301954,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Microeconomic analysis of innovative environmental programs
             in developing countries},
   Journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {221-233},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {August},
   ISSN = {1750-6816},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/req011},
   Abstract = {Environmental management programs that attempt to cope with
             institutional weaknesses in developing countries by being
             less reliant on governments' formal regulatory apparatus are
             becoming increasingly common. Three leading examples of such
             innovative programs are (1) public disclosure and voluntary
             programs to address industrial pollution; (2) programs that
             inform households about environmental health risks; and (3)
             payments for environmental services. Although (1) and (2)
             have reduced emissions of industrial pollutants and
             household exposure to environmental health risks in some
             cases, the reductions are small relative to the size of the
             problems. Conservation benefits from (3) have been similarly
             small so far. Evidence on the effectiveness of these
             programs is limited, both because the programs are
             relatively new and because there has been limited use of
             rigorous impact evaluation methods. Despite this weak
             performance record, continued experimentation with
             innovative programs appears to be warranted, especially if
             the opportunity cost is not too high in terms of redirecting
             resources away from formal environmental management programs
             and if rigorous impact evaluations are built in to determine
             whether and why innovative programs have worked. Future
             research needs to pay attention to the great heterogeneity
             among developing countries (i.e., successful implementation
             in one country is no guarantee of success elsewhere), and to
             the relationship of innovative programs to formal
             environmental management programs. © The Author 2010.
             Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
             Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. All
             rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1093/reep/req011},
   Key = {fds301954}
}

@article{fds301955,
   Author = {Ferreira, S and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Governance and Timber Harvests},
   Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {241-260},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0924-6460},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9374-5},
   Abstract = {Resource economics theory implies that risks associated with
             weak governance have an ambiguous impact on extraction, with
             the net impact depending on the relative strengths of
             depletion and investment effects. Previous empirical studies
             have found that improved governance tends to reduce
             deforestation but to raise oil production. Here, we present
             evidence that the marginal impact of improved governance on
             timber harvests in developing countries during 1984-2006 was
             nonmonotonic. It tended to raise harvests in countries with
             weaker governance but to reduce harvests in countries with
             stronger governance. This nonmonotonic impact occurred for
             both an index of governmental integrity (corruption,
             bureaucracy quality, law and order) and an index of
             governmental stability. A simulation of hypothetical
             increases in these governance indices to the maximum 2006
             values observed in the sample predicted that improved
             governance would reduce harvests in most countries but could
             raise harvests in some, with large increases occurring in
             countries with the weakest governance. © 2010 Springer
             Science+Business Media B.V.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-010-9374-5},
   Key = {fds301955}
}

@article{fds184943,
   Author = {Susana Ferreira and Jeffrey R. Vincent},
   Title = {Governance and timber harvests},
   Journal = {Environ & Resource Econ},
   Year = {2010},
   Key = {fds184943}
}

@article{fds184945,
   Author = {Jeffrey R. Vincent},
   Title = {Microeconomic Analysis of Innovative Environmental Programs
             in Developing Countries},
   Journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
   Year = {2010},
   Key = {fds184945}
}

@article{fds301952,
   Author = {Welch, JR and Vincent, JR and Auffhammer, M and Moya, PF and Dobermann,
             A and Dawe, D},
   Title = {Rice yields in tropical/subtropical Asia exhibit large but
             opposing sensitivities to minimum and maximum
             temperatures},
   Journal = {PNAS},
   Volume = {107},
   Number = {33},
   Pages = {14562-14567},
   Year = {2010},
   ISSN = {0027-8424},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001222107},
   Abstract = {Data from farmer-managed fields have not been used
             previously to disentangle the impacts of daily minimum and
             maximum temperatures and solar radiation on rice yields in
             tropical/subtropical Asia. We used a multiple regression
             model to analyze data from 227 intensively managed irrigated
             rice farms in six important rice-producing countries. The
             farm-level detail, observed over multiple growing seasons,
             enabled us to construct farm-specific weather variables,
             control for unobserved factors that either were unique to
             each farm but did not vary over time or were common to all
             farms at a given site but varied by season and year, and
             obtain more precise estimates by including farm- and
             site-specific economic variables. Temperature and radiation
             had statistically significant impacts during both the
             vegetative and ripening phases of the rice plant. Higher
             minimum temperature reduced yield, whereas higher maximum
             temperature raised it; radiation impact varied by growth
             phase. Combined, these effects imply that yield at most
             sites would have grown more rapidly during the high-yielding
             season but less rapidly during the low-yielding season if
             observed temperature and radiation trends at the end of the
             20th century had not occurred, with temperature trends being
             more influential. Looking ahead, they imply a net negative
             impact on yield from moderate warming in coming decades.
             Beyond that, the impact would likely become more negative,
             because prior research indicates that the impact of maximum
             temperature becomes negative at higher levels. Diurnal
             temperature variation must be considered when investigating
             the impacts of climate change on irrigated rice in
             Asia.},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001222107},
   Key = {fds301952}
}

@article{fds301945,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Das, S},
   Title = {Reply to Baird et al.: Mangroves and storm protection:
             Getting the numbers right},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
             United States of America},
   Volume = {106},
   Number = {40},
   Pages = {E112-E112},
   Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0027-8424},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909952106},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0909952106},
   Key = {fds301945}
}

@article{fds301956,
   Author = {Walker, B and Barrett, S and Polasky, S and Galaz, V and Folke, C and Engström, G and Ackerman, F and Arrow, K and Carpenter, S and Chopra,
             K and Daily, G and Ehrlich, P and Hughes, T and Kautsky, N and Levin, S and Mäler, K-G and Shogren, J and Vincent, J and Xepapadeas, T and de
             Zeeuw, A},
   Title = {Environment. Looming global-scale failures and missing
             institutions.},
   Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
   Volume = {325},
   Number = {5946},
   Pages = {1345-1346},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0036-8075},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1175325},
   Abstract = {Navigating global changes requires a coevolving set of
             collaborative, global institutions.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.1175325},
   Key = {fds301956}
}

@article{fds301957,
   Author = {Das, S and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Mangroves protected villages and reduced death toll during
             Indian super cyclone.},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
             United States of America},
   Volume = {106},
   Number = {18},
   Pages = {7357-7360},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0027-8424},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810440106},
   Abstract = {Protection against coastal disasters has been identified as
             an important service of mangrove ecosystems. Empirical
             studies on this service have been criticized, however, for
             using small samples and inadequately controlling for
             confounding factors. We used data on several hundred
             villages to test the impact of mangroves on human deaths
             during a 1999 super cyclone that struck Orissa, India. We
             found that villages with wider mangroves between them and
             the coast experienced significantly fewer deaths than ones
             with narrower or no mangroves. This finding was robust to
             the inclusion of a wide range of other variables to our
             statistical model, including controls for the historical
             extent of mangroves. Although mangroves evidently saved
             fewer lives than an early warning issued by the government,
             the retention of remaining mangroves in Orissa is
             economically justified even without considering the many
             benefits they provide to human society besides
             storm-protection services.},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0810440106},
   Key = {fds301957}
}

@article{fds301944,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Forests in the developing world: Is the glass half full or
             half empty?},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Volume = {21},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {v-vi},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0128-1283},
   Key = {fds301944}
}

@article{fds301953,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {The value of valuation studies: more than
             "value"},
   Journal = {Unasylva},
   Year = {2009},
   Key = {fds301953}
}

@article{fds301941,
   Author = {Ferreira, S and Hamilton, K and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Comprehensive wealth and future consumption: Accounting for
             population growth},
   Journal = {World Bank Economic Review},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {233-248},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0258-6770},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhn008},
   Abstract = {Economic theory predicts that the current change in national
             wealth, broadly defined to include natural and human capital
             as well as produced capital ("genuine savings"), determines
             whether the present value of future changes in consumption
             is positive or negative. Theoretical research has focused on
             the effects of population growth on this relation, but no
             rigorous empirical investigation has been conducted. Panel
             data for 64 developing countries during 1970-82 are used to
             test the effects of three adjustments for population growth,
             including one that controls for omitted wealth. Although the
             adjustments have substantial impacts on estimates of genuine
             savings, they lead to only limited improvements in the
             relation between those estimates and subsequent consumption
             changes. Even without adjustments for population growth,
             adjustments for natural resource depletion improve the
             relation significantly. Policymakers and economists can
             interpret published estimates of genuine savings as signals
             of future consumption paths if and only if the estimates
             include adjustments for natural resource depletion. But
             better estimates of capital stocks are needed before it can
             be confidently said that adjustments for population growth
             significantly improve the accuracy of those signals. © The
             Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf
             of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
             Development/the world bank. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1093/wber/lhn008},
   Key = {fds301941}
}

@article{fds301943,
   Author = {Potts, MD and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Harvest and extinction in multi-species ecosystems},
   Journal = {Ecological Economics},
   Volume = {65},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {336-347},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0921-8009},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.06.020},
   Abstract = {A potential cost of harvesting in multi-species ecosystems
             is the extinction of nonharvested species that are at the
             same trophic level as the harvested species. Existing
             analytical models are not well-suited for studying this
             harvest externality because they focus on species
             interactions across trophic levels instead of within them.
             We identify the conditions under which the harvesting of a
             single species causes at least one extinction of
             nonharvested species at the same trophic level. We compare
             two harvest regimes: uniform management, in which a
             privately optimal harvest rate is applied to the entire
             ecosystem; and specialized management, in which a portion of
             the ecosystem is intensively managed for the harvested
             species and the rest is left unharvested. Which regime is
             more likely to result in extinction depends on the discount
             rate and on the harvested species' competitive ability and
             colonization rate compared to those of the other species. ©
             2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.06.020},
   Key = {fds301943}
}

@article{fds301942,
   Author = {Potts, MD and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Spatial distribution of species populations, relative
             economic values, and the optimal size and number of
             reserves},
   Journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
   Volume = {39},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {91-112},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0924-6460},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-007-9097-4},
   Abstract = {We examine the tradeoff between the number and average size
             of nature reserves. When the costs of enforcing reserve
             boundaries are negligible, we find analytically that the
             relative price of biodiversity has a positive impact on the
             optimal total reserved area but an ambiguous impact on the
             optimal number of reserves. Simulation modeling of floral
             diversity in a tropical timber concession reveals that the
             resolution of this ambiguity depends on spatial
             distributions of the populations of tree species: whether or
             not they are spatially aggregated (clumped). The impact of
             biodiversity price on optimal reserve number remains
             analytically ambiguous when enforcement costs are not
             negligible. Multiple reserves being economically superior to
             a single reserve now requires, in addition to aggregation, a
             biodiversity price that is sufficiently high to offset the
             effects of enforcement costs. Most of our simulation
             scenarios generate threshold biodiversity prices that do not
             exceed a leading estimate of the marginal value of a higher
             plant species in the bioprospecting literature. Several
             smaller reserves evidently can be economically superior to a
             single larger one even in the presence of enforcement costs.
             © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media,
             Inc.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10640-007-9097-4},
   Key = {fds301942}
}

@article{fds301940,
   Author = {Boscolo, M and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Area fees and logging in tropical timber
             concessions},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {505-520},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {August},
   ISSN = {1355-770X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X0700366X},
   Abstract = {Area fees have become an increasingly important component of
             forest revenue systems in tropical developing countries.
             They are commonly viewed as having a neutral impact on
             decisions by timber concessionaires. This view is incorrect.
             Using both theoretical and empirical models, we demonstrate
             that area fees can induce concessionaires to accelerate
             timber harvests and to harvest more selectively. In
             Cameroon, area fees at recent levels create an incentive for
             concessionaires to harvest forests in half the estimated
             sustained-yield period. Countries that wish to encourage
             concessionaires to comply with sustained-yield requirements
             must implement measures that counter the
             depletion-accelerating effects of area fees. © 2007
             Cambridge University Press.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X0700366X},
   Key = {fds301940}
}

@article{fds301938,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Spatial dynamics, social norms, and the opportunity of the
             commons},
   Journal = {Ecological Research},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {3-7},
   Publisher = {WILEY},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0912-3814},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0070-4},
   Abstract = {The most important message of Levin (Ecol Res 21:328-333,
             2006) is that "Ecologists and economists have much incentive
             for interaction." Recent studies that account for
             evolutionary processes and local interactions support this
             view by obtaining results that run counter to conventional
             wisdom within resource economics. A second major message of
             the article is that to meet environmental challenges,
             humanity must develop social norms that enhance cooperative
             responses. Successful examples of resource management
             systems back up norms with economic incentives: rewards for
             good behavior and punishments for bad. Economic incentives
             are especially important if rapid and large changes in human
             behavior are desired. © 2006 The Ecological Society of
             Japan.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s11284-006-0070-4},
   Key = {fds301938}
}

@article{fds301937,
   Author = {Sterner, T and Troell, M and Vincent, J and Aniyar, S and Barrett, S and Brock, W and Carpenter, S and Chopra, K and Ehrlich, P and Hoel, M and Levin, S and Mäler, KG and Norberg, J and Pihl, L and Söderqvist, T and Wilen, J and Xepapadeas, A},
   Title = {Quick fixes for the environment: Part of the solution or
             part of the problem?},
   Journal = {Environment},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {20-27},
   Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0013-9157},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ENVT.48.10.20-27},
   Abstract = {When faced with large-scale environmental problems that need
             immediate attention-such as flooding or collapsing fish
             stocks-society has tended to address the symptoms rather
             than fundamental solutions. Can we continue to go for the
             quick fixes?},
   Doi = {10.3200/ENVT.48.10.20-27},
   Key = {fds301937}
}

@article{fds301939,
   Author = {Auffhammer, M and Ramanathan, V and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Integrated model shows that atmospheric brown clouds and
             greenhouse gases have reduced rice harvests in
             India.},
   Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
             United States of America},
   Volume = {103},
   Number = {52},
   Pages = {19668-19672},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0027-8424},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609584104},
   Abstract = {Previous studies have found that atmospheric brown clouds
             partially offset the warming effects of greenhouse gases.
             This finding suggests a tradeoff between the impacts of
             reducing emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases. Results
             from a statistical model of historical rice harvests in
             India, coupled with regional climate scenarios from a
             parallel climate model, indicate that joint reductions in
             brown clouds and greenhouse gases would in fact have
             complementary, positive impacts on harvests. The results
             also imply that adverse climate changes due to brown clouds
             and greenhouse gases contributed to the slowdown in harvest
             growth that occurred during the past two
             decades.},
   Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0609584104},
   Key = {fds301939}
}

@article{fds301896,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Sivalingam, G},
   Title = {Economic incentives for cleaner small and medium
             enterprises: Evidence from Malaysia},
   Pages = {88-111},
   Publisher = {Routledge},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781936331321},
   Doi = {10.4324/9781936331321},
   Key = {fds301896}
}

@article{fds301935,
   Author = {Mäler, KG and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Preface to the Handbook},
   Journal = {Handbook of Environmental Economics},
   Volume = {2},
   Pages = {xiii-xviii},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1574-0099},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0099(05)02024-3},
   Doi = {10.1016/S1574-0099(05)02024-3},
   Key = {fds301935}
}

@article{fds301895,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Ali, RM},
   Title = {Managing natural wealth: Environment and development in
             Malaysia},
   Journal = {Managing Natural Wealth: Environment and Development in
             Malaysia},
   Pages = {1-468},
   Publisher = {Routledge},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781936331819},
   Abstract = {The remarkably rich natural environment of Malaysia attracts
             the interest of both industry and the environmental
             community. Managing Natural Wealth analyzes major natural
             resource and environmental policy issues in the country
             during the 1970s and 1980s-a period of profound
             socioeconomic change, rapid depletion of natural resources,
             and the emergence of serious problems with pollution.
             Managing Natural Wealth is an important up-date to
             Environment and Development in a Resource-Rich Economy:
             Malaysia under the New Economic Policy. First published in
             hardcover in 1997, this pathbreaking book emphasized
             economics as a source for analyzing the issues involved in
             environmental and natural resource management in developing
             countries. The access that Jeffrey Vincent and Rozali
             Mohamed Ali and the contributing authors had to unpublished
             data and key decisionmakers made their account an essential
             reference for policymakers and researchers in Malaysia and
             throughout the globe. Managing Natural Wealth includes a
             review of key developments since the 1990s by S. Robert
             Aiken and Colin H. Leigh, two geographers with a
             long-standing interest in environmental change in Malaysia
             and an understanding of the institutional context of its
             environmental policy that is unmatched in the scholarly
             community.},
   Doi = {10.4324/9781936331819},
   Key = {fds301895}
}

@article{fds301936,
   Author = {Ferreira, S and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Genuine savings: Leading indicator of sustainable
             development?},
   Journal = {Economic Development and Cultural Change},
   Volume = {53},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {737-754},
   Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/426834},
   Abstract = {Interest in the relationships among national income, wealth,
             and welfare has revived in recent years, driven in large
             part by concern about the long-run consequences of natural
             resource depletion and environmental degradation. A
             fundamental result in this "green accounting" literature is
             that a comprehensive measure of a country's net investment
             across all forms of capital - produced, natural, human -
             should predict whether consumption will be higher or lower
             in the future compared to the present. In this article we
             conduct an empirical investigation of the World Bank's
             genuine savings estimates. Our objectives are to evaluate
             their consistency with green accounting theory and their
             accuracy as predictors of the difference between current and
             average future consumption. We begin by describing the
             estimates and discussing their limitations. Next, we present
             four hypotheses related to equation (4), and we discuss
             econometric issues that arise in testing them. We then
             present our results in two sections: the first focuses on
             consistency with theory, and the second focuses on
             predictive accuracy. We conclude by summarizing the
             implications of our analysis for the interpretation and use
             of the Bank's estimates. © 2005 by The University of
             Chicago. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1086/426834},
   Key = {fds301936}
}

@article{fds301933,
   Author = {Rosen, S and Vincent, JR and MacLeod, W and Fox, M and Thea, DM and Simon,
             JL},
   Title = {The cost of HIV/AIDS to businesses in southern
             Africa.},
   Journal = {AIDS (London, England)},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {317-324},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200401230-00023},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Information on the potential costs of
             HIV/AIDS to the private sector is needed if companies are to
             be given a financial incentive to invest in prevention and
             treatment interventions.<h4>Objectives</h4>To estimate the
             cost of HIV/AIDS to businesses in southern Africa using
             company-specific data on employees, costs, and HIV
             prevalence.<h4>Methods</h4>: Six formal sector enterprises
             in South Africa and Botswana provided detailed human
             resource, financial, and medical data and carried out
             voluntary, anonymous HIV seroprevalence surveys. The present
             value of incident HIV infections with a 9-year median
             survival and 7% real discount rate was estimated. Costs
             included were sick leave; productivity loss; supervisory
             time; retirement, death, disability, and medical benefits;
             and recruitment and training of replacement
             workers.<h4>Results</h4>HIV prevalence in the workforces
             studied ranged from 7.9 to 25.0%. HIV/AIDS among employees
             added 0.4-5.9% to the companies' annual salary and wage
             bills. The present value of an incident HIV infection ranged
             from 0.5 to 3.6 times the annual salary of the affected
             worker. Costs varied widely across firms and among job
             levels within firms. Key reasons for the differences
             included HIV prevalence, levels and stability of employee
             benefits, and the contractual status of unskilled workers.
             Some costs were omitted from the analysis because of lack of
             data, and results should be regarded as quite
             conservative.<h4>Conclusions</h4>AIDS is causing labor costs
             for businesses in southern Africa to rise and threatens the
             competitiveness of African industry. Research on the
             effectiveness of workplace interventions is urgently
             needed.},
   Doi = {10.1097/00002030-200401230-00023},
   Key = {fds301933}
}

@article{fds301931,
   Author = {Mäler, KG and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Preface to the handbook},
   Journal = {Handbook of Environmental Economics},
   Volume = {1},
   Pages = {xi-xvi},
   Publisher = {Elsevier},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {1574-0099},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0099(03)01004-0},
   Doi = {10.1016/S1574-0099(03)01004-0},
   Key = {fds301931}
}

@article{fds301932,
   Author = {Rosen, S and Simon, J and Vincent, JR and MacLeod, W and Fox, M and Thea,
             DM},
   Title = {AIDS is your business.},
   Journal = {Harvard business review},
   Volume = {81},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {80-125},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0017-8012},
   Abstract = {If your company operates in a developing country, AIDS is
             your business. While Africa has received the most attention,
             AIDS is also spreading swiftly in other parts of the world.
             Russia and Ukraine had the fastest-growing epidemics last
             year, and many experts believe China and India will suffer
             the next tidal wave of infection. Why should executives be
             concerned about AIDS? Because it is destroying the twin
             rationales of globalization strategy-cheap labor and
             fast-growing markets--in countries where people are heavily
             affected by the epidemic. Fortunately, investments in
             programs that prevent infection and provide treatment for
             employees who have HIV/AIDS are profitable for many
             businesses--that is, they lead to savings that outweigh the
             programs' costs. Due to the long latency period between HIV
             infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms, a company is not
             likely to see any of the costs of HIV/AIDS until five to ten
             years after an employee is infected. But executives can
             calculate the present value of epidemic-related costs by
             using the discount rate to weigh each cost according to its
             expected timing. That allows companies to think about
             expenses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs as
             investments rather than merely as costs. The authors found
             that the annual cost of AIDS to six corporations in South
             Africa and Botswana ranged from 0.4% to 5.9% of the wage
             bill. All six companies would have earned positive returns
             on their investments if they had provided employees with
             free treatment for HIV/AIDS in the form of highly active
             antiretroviral therapy (HAART), according to the
             mathematical model the authors used. The annual reduction in
             the AIDS "tax" would have been as much as 40.4%. The
             authors' conclusion? Fighting AIDS not only helps those
             infected; it also makes good business sense.},
   Key = {fds301932}
}

@article{fds301934,
   Author = {Boscolo, M and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Nonconvexities in the production of timber, biodiversity,
             and carbon sequestration},
   Journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {251-268},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00034-7},
   Abstract = {Fixed logging costs and administrative constraints on
             logging regulations can create nonconvexities in forestry
             production sets that include timber and nontimber products.
             Managing forests to produce multiple values at a landscape
             level, through the aggregation of stands that are completely
             or partially specialized in the production of timber or
             nontimber products, can consequently be superior to
             management systems that treat all stands uniformly, even
             when all stands are identical. Both fixed costs and
             administrative constraints are empirically important sources
             of nonconvexity in tropical rainforests. The former is more
             important when the nontimber product is carbon
             sequestration, while the latter is more important when the
             nontimber product is biodiversity protection. Uniform
             management appears to be superior for the joint production
             of timber and carbon sequestration, while specialized
             management might often be superior for the joint production
             of timber and biodiversity, at least at low discount rates.
             © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00034-7},
   Key = {fds301934}
}

@article{fds301928,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Aden, J and Dore, G and Adriani, M and Rambe, V and Walton,
             T},
   Title = {Public environmental expenditures in Indonesia},
   Journal = {Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies},
   Volume = {38},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {61-74},
   Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000749102753620284},
   Abstract = {The economic justification for public expenditure is
             especially strong in the case of environmental management.
             Yet expenditures on environmental management have received
             little attention in public expenditure reviews by the World
             Bank and other international development organisations. An
             initial analysis of environmental expenditures in the
             Indonesian government budget between FY1994/95 and FY1998/99
             yields four basic findings. First, most spending in the
             nominal environmental sector, sector 10 (Environment and
             Spatial Planning), is on non-environmental activities, and
             much environmental expenditure occurs in other budget
             sectors. Second, environmental expenditures fell sharply in
             real terms during the economic crisis, to levels far below
             those in FY94/95. Third, they also fell sharply relative to
             the budget and to GDP. Finally, environmental expenditures
             declined more in Indonesia during the economic crisis than
             in Malaysia, Thailand and Korea, relative to both the budget
             and GDP.},
   Doi = {10.1080/000749102753620284},
   Key = {fds301928}
}

@article{fds301929,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Timber booms and institutional breakdown in Southeast
             Asia},
   Journal = {Journal of Environment and Development},
   Volume = {11},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {116-119},
   Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {1070-4965},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049650201100109},
   Doi = {10.1177/107049650201100109},
   Key = {fds301929}
}

@article{fds301930,
   Author = {Davis, J and Kang, A and Vincent, J and Whittington,
             D},
   Title = {How important is improved water infrastructure to
             microenterprises? Evidence from Uganda},
   Journal = {World Development},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1753-1767},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0305-750X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00059-6},
   Abstract = {Despite the proliferation of micro and small enterprises
             (MSEs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), most have difficulty
             surviving, let alone expanding their operations. Using
             empirical evidence from two Ugandan towns we explore the
             impact of investments in water supply infrastructure on
             MSEs. Our findings suggest that, despite perceptions among
             firm owners that water supply is a binding constraint,
             economic benefits to MSEs of supply improvements may be
             limited. Current water infrastructure planning strategies
             may be based on erroneous assumptions about the relative
             demand for improved water supply by firms and households, as
             well as the feasibility of cross-subsidies between groups of
             users. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
             reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00059-6},
   Key = {fds301930}
}

@article{fds301926,
   Author = {Rosen, S and Simon, JL and Thea, DM and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Care and treatment to extend the working lives of
             HIV-positive employees: Calculating the benefits to
             business},
   Journal = {South African Journal of Science},
   Volume = {96},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {300-304},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Although HIV infection rates in South Africa have been high
             and rising for nearly a decade, the epidemic of
             HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality is just beginning.
             As South African adults start to sicken and die, concern is
             mounting about the potential costs to companies of HIV/AIDS
             among employees. When a business recognizes the threat posed
             by HIV among employees, it can pursue three basic response
             strategies for mitigating short- and long-term financial
             consequences: (1) try to prevent new infections; (2) avoid
             or reduce the costs associated with existing and future
             infections; and (3) provide treatment and support for
             infected employees to extend their productive working lives
             and thus postpone the costs of infection. This paper
             assesses the potential benefits to South African businesses
             of the third strategy. We describe an approach and methods
             for analysing the benefits of interventions that extend the
             working life of employees and demonstrate such an analysis
             using published data on the costs of HIV/AIDS to companies.
             The analysis indicates that the benefits to companies of
             investments in treatment and care are likely to exceed the
             costs for some existing interventions. Further work is
             needed to identify effective and affordable interventions,
             assess the benefits to companies of implementing the
             interventions, and bring these benefits to the attention of
             business and government leaders.},
   Key = {fds301926}
}

@article{fds301927,
   Author = {Boscolo, M and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Promoting better logging practices in tropical forests: A
             simulation analysis of alternative regulations},
   Journal = {Land Economics},
   Volume = {76},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-14},
   Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3147253},
   Abstract = {Standard recommendations for improving logging practices in
             tropical forests include lengthening concession agreements,
             making concessions renewable, and requiring concessionaires
             to deposit performance bonds. In this paper we investigate
             the likely effectiveness of these recommendations by using a
             simulation model of a Malaysian rainforest. We focus on two
             classes of decisions faced by loggers: which logging
             technology to adopt and whether or not to comply with
             prescribed diameter cutting limits. We predict the impact of
             alternative regulations on these decisions and on the
             resulting economic and environmental outcomes. Renewability
             conditions and performance bonds emerge as potent
             instruments for improving logger behavior.},
   Doi = {10.2307/3147253},
   Key = {fds301927}
}

@article{fds327391,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Green accounting: From theory to practice},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {13-24},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000024},
   Abstract = {A decade has passed since Wasting Assets, a study of
             Indonesia by Robert Repetto and colleagues at the World
             Resources Institute, drew widespread attention to the
             potential divergence between gross and net measures of
             national income. This was by no means the first ‘green
             accounting’ study. Martin Weitzman, John Hartwick, and
             Partha Dasgupta and Geoffrey Heal had all conducted seminal
             theoretical work in the 1970s. But the World Resources
             Institute study demonstrated that data were adequate even in
             a developing country to estimate adjustments for the
             depletion of some important forms of natural capital and
             that the adjustments could be large relative to
             conventional, gross measures of national product and
             investment. The adjusted, net measures suggested that a
             substantial portion of Indonesia's rapid economic growth
             during the 1970s and 1980s was simply the unsustainable
             ‘cashing in’ of the country's natural wealth. © 2000,
             Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X00000024},
   Key = {fds327391}
}

@article{fds301925,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {A framework for forest accounting},
   Journal = {Forest Science},
   Volume = {45},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {552-571},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {November},
   ISSN = {0015-749X},
   Abstract = {Many recent empirical studies have proposed a variety of
             forest-related adjustments to the national income accounts.
             The complexity of forest-economy interactions makes such
             adjustments prone to double-counting and other problems if
             they are not guided by economic theory. This paper presents
             a framework for making internally consistent, theoretically
             sound adjustments. The framework offers two broad guidelines
             for applied work. First, one should adjust the overall level
             of gross domestic product (GDP), and thus net domestic
             product (NDP), for household consumption of nonmarket forest
             amenities and nontimber products, but not for production
             externalities. Accounting for production externalities
             involves reallocating value added among different production
             sectors included in GDP. Second, one should adjust NDP for
             the net accumulation (not just depreciation) of
             forest-related assets, including the timber stock, the
             carbon stock, and land converted from forest to other uses.
             The framework also offers some guidance for methods to
             quantify values associated with these adjustments.},
   Key = {fds301925}
}

@article{fds301924,
   Author = {Larson, BA and Avaliani, S and Golub, A and Rosen, S and Shaposhnikov,
             D and Strukova, E and Vincent, JR and Wolff, SK},
   Title = {The economics of air pollution health risks in Russia: A
             case study of Volgograd},
   Journal = {World Development},
   Volume = {27},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1803-1819},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00086-8},
   Abstract = {A combined health risk assessment, cost-effectiveness
             analysis, and benefit-cost analysis is undertaken for direct
             particulate emissions from 29 stationary source polluters in
             the city of Volgograd, Russia. Annual particulate-related
             mortality risks from these stationary sources are estimated
             to be substantial, with an estimate in the range of
             960-2,667 additional deaths per year in this city of one
             million. The majority of these risks are attributed to two
             major facilities in the northern part of the city. For
             several emission reduction projects, the cost-per-life saved
             was estimated to be quite low. The total net benefits to the
             city of implementing five of the six identified projects,
             leading to roughly a 25% reduction in mortality risk, are
             estimated to be at least $40 million in present value
             terms.},
   Doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00086-8},
   Key = {fds301924}
}

@article{fds301923,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Net accumulation of timber resources},
   Journal = {Review of Income and Wealth},
   Volume = {45},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {251-262},
   Publisher = {WILEY},
   Year = {1999},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00331.x},
   Abstract = {National accounting issues related to forest resources have
             attracted much attention recently. The net-depletion method,
             the most popular method for estimating aggregate changes in
             the value of timber stocks, tends to overstate both the
             depreciation of mature forests due to harvests and the
             appreciation of immature forests due to growth. Alternative,
             correct methods, which I term the net-price and El Serafy
             variations, can be derived from an asset valuation model
             that takes forest age into account. An empirical example
             indicates that estimates from the net-depletion method can
             deviate from actual values by up to 40 percent for some age
             classes.},
   Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4991.1999.tb00331.x},
   Key = {fds301923}
}

@article{fds301921,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Gillis, M},
   Title = {Deforestation and forest land use: A comment},
   Journal = {World Bank Research Observer},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {133-140},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {1998},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0257-3032},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/13.1.133},
   Abstract = {Hyde, Amacher, and Magrath (1996) imply that deforestation
             and timber rents (logging revenue minus logging costs other
             than timber fees) are not subjects that justify
             policymakers' attention, arguing that market responses limit
             the scope of deforestation and that rents are usually small.
             But they fail to recognize that land markets will not
             develop efficiently, nor will efficient levels of forestry
             investments occur, when policy distortions and other factors
             obstruct the conversion of open-access forests to private or
             communal ownership. For these reasons rates of deforestation
             can be far above optimal levels. Contrary to the authors'
             claims, timber rents often (although not always) are large
             in developing countries. Moreover, the allocation of rents
             between loggers and the government owners of public forests
             can indeed affect the profitability of forestry (and thus
             deforestation), the intensity of timber harvesting, and
             national welfare.},
   Doi = {10.1093/wbro/13.1.133},
   Key = {fds301921}
}

@article{fds301916,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Panayotou, T and Myers, N},
   Title = {...Or distraction?},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {276},
   Number = {5309},
   Pages = {53+55-53+57},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.55},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.276.5309.55},
   Key = {fds301916}
}

@article{fds301918,
   Author = {Myers, N and Vincent, JR and Panayotou, T},
   Title = {Consumption: Challenge to sustainable development},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {276},
   Number = {5309},
   Pages = {53-55},
   Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
             (AAAS)},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.53},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.276.5309.53},
   Key = {fds301918}
}

@article{fds301919,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Resource depletion and economic sustainability in
             Malaysia},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {19-37},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X97000107},
   Abstract = {Countries richly endowed with natural resources have, on
             average, developed less rapidly than countries that are poor
             in natural resources. One possible explanation for this
             phenomenon is that the level of investment in reproducible
             capital has been insufficient to offset the depletion of
             natural capital. The empirical significance of this
             explanation can be investigated by analysing modified
             measures of net investment and net domestic product.
             Estimation of these measures involves calculating the
             economic depreciation of natural resources, a task that has
             been problematic in previous studies. Malaysia provides an
             ideal case for such empirical investigations, as it is one
             of the world's most resource-rich countries yet also has one
             of the world's fastest-growing economies, consists of three
             subnational regions that differ significantly in terms of
             economic structure, and has sufficient data for estimating
             conceptually correct measures of natural resource
             depreciation. Results of the analysis indicate that Malaysia
             has developed sustainably, despite substantial resource
             depletion. This is not the case in two of the regions,
             however, where trends in both net investment and net
             domestic product indicate that current consumption levels
             cannot be sustained. Nevertheless, the regional differences
             in sustainability might be consistent with optimal national
             use of the rents generated by exploitation of the country's
             natural resources.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X97000107},
   Key = {fds301919}
}

@article{fds301920,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Panayotou, T and Hartwick, JM},
   Title = {Resource depletion and sustainability in small open
             economies},
   Journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
   Volume = {33},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {274-286},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1997.0992},
   Abstract = {Exogenous price changes affect the amount that a small
             country exporting natural resource commodities must invest
             to sustain its consumption level. The necessary amount is
             given by the difference between Hotelling rent and the
             discounted sum of future terms-of-trade effects (capital
             gains). The latter term is found to be large relative to the
             former in the case of petroleum depletion in Indonesia. This
             suggests that resource-rich countries will need to invest
             more than previously expected to sustain their consumption
             levels, if natural resource prices continue their long-term
             historical decline.},
   Doi = {10.1006/jeem.1997.0992},
   Key = {fds301920}
}

@article{fds301922,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Testing for environmental Kuznets curves within a developing
             country},
   Journal = {Environment and Development Economics},
   Volume = {2},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {417-431},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
   Year = {1997},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X97000223},
   Abstract = {Previous studies of the association between pollution and
             income have tended to analyse cross-sectional or panel data
             for a sample of developing and developed countries. This
             paper presents an analysis for a single country, Malaysia.
             This south-east Asian country has more, and probably better,
             data on environmental quality than perhaps any other
             developing country. I find that pollution-income
             relationships from the cross-country studies fail to predict
             accurately trends in air and water pollution in Malaysia. In
             particular, none of six pollution-income relationships
             estimated using a panel data set for Malaysian states has
             the hypothesized 'environmental Kuznets curve' form.
             Although these results are inconsistent with the predictions
             of the cross-country relationships, they make sense in the
             Malaysian context. Perhaps most important, their
             interpretation confirms the importance of policy decisions
             in determining environmental outcomes.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1355770X97000223},
   Key = {fds301922}
}

@article{fds301917,
   Author = {Lim, HF and Vincent, J and Woon, WC},
   Title = {Markets for non-timber forest products in the vicinity of
             Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia: preliminary survey
             results},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Volume = {6},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {502-507},
   Year = {1994},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {A preliminary survey of markets around Pasoh Forest Reserve
             was conducted to collect data on sales of non-timber forest
             products (NTFP). Eight types of markets were identified in
             40 rural and two urban communities. At the time of the study
             (October-December 1991) NTFP were sold in all markets,
             except permanent shops. However, only nine types of NTFP
             were sold. Urban markets offered a slightly greater variety
             of NTFP and sellers in urban markets grossed nearly three
             times as much revenue per date as did sellers in rural
             markets. Even in urban markets however, sellers' incomes
             were below the national average. -Authors},
   Key = {fds301917}
}

@article{fds335853,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Managing Tropical Forests: Comment},
   Journal = {Land Economics},
   Volume = {69},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {313-313},
   Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press},
   Year = {1993},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146598},
   Doi = {10.2307/3146598},
   Key = {fds335853}
}

@article{fds301915,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Binkley, CS},
   Title = {Efficient multiple-use forestry may require land-use
             specialization},
   Journal = {Land Economics},
   Volume = {69},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {370-376},
   Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press},
   Year = {1993},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146454},
   Abstract = {Considered at the landscape scale, economically efficient
             multiple use of forests may require land-use specialization.
             If managers attempt to satisfy legitimate multiple-use
             demands from society by managing all lands for all outputs,
             both commodity and amenity values of the forest may be
             inappropriately supplied, and management inputs may be
             inefficiently deployed. These results run counter to some of
             the prescriptions called "new forestry'.
             -Authors},
   Doi = {10.2307/3146454},
   Key = {fds301915}
}

@article{fds335854,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Depletion and degradation are not the same},
   Journal = {Journal of Forestry},
   Volume = {91},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {24-25},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {fds335854}
}

@article{fds335855,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Ahmad, I},
   Title = {Demand for sawnwood of well-known and lesser known species
             in Peninsular Malaysia},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Volume = {4},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {340-353},
   Publisher = {Forest Research Institute Malaysia},
   Year = {1993},
   Key = {fds335855}
}

@article{fds301914,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {The tropical timber trade and sustainable
             development},
   Journal = {Science},
   Volume = {256},
   Number = {5064},
   Pages = {1651-1655},
   Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science
             (AAAS)},
   Year = {1992},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0036-8075},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5064.1651},
   Abstract = {The tropical timber trade appears to have promoted neither
             sustained forest management nor sustained forest-based
             industrialization. The boom-and-bust export pattern is often
             blamed on demand by developed countries, high import
             barriers, and low international wood prices. In fact, it is
             rooted in tropical countries' own policies related to timber
             concessions and wood-processing industries. These policies
             suppress timber scarcity signals and must be revised if the
             trade is to promote sustained economic growth. Even if this
             is done, the trade may not promote sustained-yield forestry
             in individual countries.},
   Doi = {10.1126/science.256.5064.1651},
   Key = {fds301914}
}

@article{fds301913,
   Author = {Parthama, IBP and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {United States demand for Indonesian plywood},
   Journal = {Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies},
   Volume = {28},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {101-112},
   Year = {1992},
   Abstract = {Indonesia's exports of plywood are the largest in the world
             and a leading source of foreign exchange earnings. Although
             the industry's growth has been rapid, several studies
             indicate that it has been subsidised both directly and
             indirectly. What are the prospects for Indonesia to offset
             these subsidies by raising plywood prices as its share of
             key important markets grows? This paper shed light on this
             question by analysing econometrically the United States'
             imports of Indonesian plywood from July 1979 to December
             1986, using a monthly import demand model. The results
             suggest that Indonesia's rapid expansion into the US plywood
             market has been due primarily to its low plywood prices, and
             that attempts to raise prices relative to those of competing
             export regions would result in significant reductions in
             market share. -Authors},
   Key = {fds301913}
}

@article{fds335856,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Brooks, D and Gandapur, A},
   Title = {Substitution between tropical and temperate
             sawlogs},
   Journal = {Forest Science},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {1484-1491},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {1991},
   Key = {fds335856}
}

@article{fds301911,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Gandapur, AK and Brooks, DJ},
   Title = {Species substitution and tropical log imports by
             Japan},
   Journal = {Forest Science},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {657-664},
   Year = {1990},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0015-749X},
   Abstract = {Tropical rainforests contain many "lesser known species'
             that have not achieved widespread acceptance in
             international timber markets. This paper provides a
             quantitative analysis of the effects on tropical log demand
             of two economic factors: relative prices and technical
             change. A multi-output cost function framework is developed
             to analyze tropical log demand as derived from the
             production of plywood and sawnwood. Data analyzed are
             Japanese imports of dipterocarp and nondipterocarp logs
             (proxies for well- and lesser known species, respectively)
             from the South Seas during 1970-87. The econometric results
             indicate that the composition (dipterocarp vs.
             nondipterocarp) of tropical log imports was not
             significantly influenced by either relative prices or
             technical change during the period analyzed.
             -Authors},
   Key = {fds301911}
}

@article{fds301912,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Rent capture and the feasibility of tropical forest
             management},
   Journal = {Land Economics},
   Volume = {66},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {212-223},
   Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press},
   Year = {1990},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146370},
   Abstract = {This paper analyzes how the inefficiency of tropical timber
             royalty systems affects the feasibility of tropical forest
             management. It argues that distorted price signals from
             inefficient royalty systems give an unduly negative
             indication of the potential financial returns to forest
             management. The author estimates the discrepancy between
             royalties and resource rent in Malaysia during 1966-85, uses
             a benefit-cost framework to analyze the impacts of this
             discrepancy on the feasibility of tropical forest
             management. Finds that forest management is feasible in many
             cases even if nontimber benefits are excluded, as long as
             timber is valued by resource rent instead of royalties.
             -from Author},
   Doi = {10.2307/3146370},
   Key = {fds301912}
}

@article{fds301909,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Optimal tariffs on intermediate and final goods: the case of
             tropical forest products},
   Journal = {Forest Science},
   Volume = {35},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {720-731},
   Year = {1989},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0015-749X},
   Abstract = {Products made from tropical timber are subject to a variety
             of tariff and nontariff barriers. This paper considers the
             potential welfare gains from the imposition of optimal
             tariffs on these products. Optimal tariffs and associated
             welfare gains are determined by applying nonlinear
             programming to a static three-region, three-product, partial
             equilibrium simulation model. Optimal tariffs are determined
             for each region both with and without retaliation by other
             regions. In the case of retaliation, two- and three-region
             Cournot-Nash equilibria are described. Principal findings
             are that modest welfare gains are possible in the absence of
             retaliation, but large losses may result if other regions
             retaliate. -from Author},
   Key = {fds301909}
}

@article{fds301908,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Malaysia: key player in international trade},
   Journal = {Journal of Forestry},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {32-35},
   Year = {1988},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {Concentrates on Malaysia's current position as an exporter
             of forest products. Two main points are made. First,
             Malaysia is best regarded as three separate nations from the
             standpoint of forest products trade. Second, while Malaysia
             will remain an important exporter of forest products,
             resource depletion will probably lead to decreases in its
             importance within the next 5 to 10 years.
             -Author},
   Key = {fds301908}
}

@article{fds301910,
   Author = {Binkley, CS and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Timber prices in the U.S. South: past trends and outlook for
             the future},
   Journal = {Southern Journal of Applied Forestry},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {15-18},
   Year = {1988},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.1.15},
   Abstract = {Prior to World War II, prices of southern pine stumpage rose
             at a real rate of 4.6%/yr, and since that time they have
             risen at a real rate of 3.1%/yr. Prices for timber sold from
             private lands have apparently risen more rapidly than have
             prices for public timber. Seven forecasts of future price
             trends which use very different projection methods are
             reviewed. For the next two decades, these studies indicate
             an average annual rate of real price appreciation equal to
             2.5%/yr. For the period between 1990 and 2010, the median
             estimate among these studies is 1.9%/yr.
             -Authors},
   Doi = {10.1093/sjaf/12.1.15},
   Key = {fds301910}
}

@article{fds301907,
   Author = {Mergen, F and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Natural management of tropical moist forests: silvicultural
             and management of sustained utilization.},
   Year = {1987},
   Month = {December},
   Abstract = {In the keynote address on problems and prospects for natural
             management of tropical moist forests, J. WYATT-SMITH
             discusses data availability, forests rights, illegal
             clearing, extraction damage, training, management, market
             demand for timber, and conservation. Opportunity and skills
             must be developed to provide sufficient artificial
             regeneration/enrichment planting to cover future industrial
             production needs, and natural management should be pursued
             on all other forest land. Political and social factors will
             probably be more critical than technological ones.
             Consideration of silvicultural systems is made by HON TAT
             TANG (Problems and strategies for regenerating dipterocarp
             forests in Malaysia); P. K. ASABERE (Sustained yield
             management in the tropical high forests of Ghana); L. C.
             NWOBOSHI (Regeneration success of natural management,
             enrichment planting and plantations of native species in
             West Africa); and F. H. WADSWORTH (Applicability of Asian
             and African silviculture systems to naturally regenerated
             forests of the Neotropics). Silvicultural treatments are
             reviewed by I. D. HUTCHINSON (Improvement thinning in
             natural tropical forests) and M. S. PHILIP (Obstacles to
             measuring growth and yield in tropical rain forests).
             Economic, social and political aspects are noted by P. R. O.
             KIO & S. A. EKWEBELAM (Plantations versus natural forests
             for meeting Nigeria's wood needs) and A. J. LESLIE (Economic
             feasibility of natural management of tropical forests).
             -P.J.Jarvis},
   Key = {fds301907}
}

@article{fds335857,
   Author = {Mergen, F and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Natural management of tropical moist forests: silvicultural
             and management of sustained utilization.},
   Year = {1987},
   Month = {January},
   Abstract = {In the keynote address on problems and prospects for natural
             management of tropical moist forests, J. WYATT-SMITH
             discusses data availability, forests rights, illegal
             clearing, extraction damage, training, management, market
             demand for timber, and conservation. Opportunity and skills
             must be developed to provide sufficient artificial
             regeneration/enrichment planting to cover future industrial
             production needs, and natural management should be pursued
             on all other forest land. Political and social factors will
             probably be more critical than technological ones.
             Consideration of silvicultural systems is made by HON TAT
             TANG (Problems and strategies for regenerating dipterocarp
             forests in Malaysia); P. K. ASABERE (Sustained yield
             management in the tropical high forests of Ghana); L. C.
             NWOBOSHI (Regeneration success of natural management,
             enrichment planting and plantations of native species in
             West Africa); and F. H. WADSWORTH (Applicability of Asian
             and African silviculture systems to naturally regenerated
             forests of the Neotropics). Silvicultural treatments are
             reviewed by I. D. HUTCHINSON (Improvement thinning in
             natural tropical forests) and M. S. PHILIP (Obstacles to
             measuring growth and yield in tropical rain forests).
             Economic, social and political aspects are noted by P. R. O.
             KIO & S. A. EKWEBELAM (Plantations versus natural forests
             for meeting Nigeria's wood needs) and A. J. LESLIE (Economic
             feasibility of natural management of tropical forests).
             -P.J.Jarvis},
   Key = {fds335857}
}

@article{fds335858,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Growth of the forest products industry in Malaysia:
             1961-85},
   Journal = {Malaysian Forester},
   Volume = {49},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {223-240},
   Publisher = {Forest Research Institute},
   Year = {1986},
   Key = {fds335858}
}

@article{fds335859,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Input/output models and forest resource constraints: a
             comment},
   Journal = {Forest Science},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {397-401},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
   Year = {1986},
   Key = {fds335859}
}

@article{fds335860,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Tomlinson, PB},
   Title = {Anatomy of the palm Rhapis excelsa, X: differentiation of
             stem conducting tissue},
   Journal = {Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. Arnold Arboretum},
   Volume = {65},
   Pages = {191-214},
   Year = {1984},
   Key = {fds335860}
}

@article{fds335861,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Tomlinson, PB},
   Title = {Architecture and phyllotaxis of Anisophyllea disticha
             (Rhizophoraceae)},
   Journal = {Bulletin of the Singapore Botanical Gardens},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {3-18},
   Year = {1983},
   Key = {fds335861}
}


%% Chapters in Books   
@misc{fds371662,
   Author = {Vincent, J},
   Title = {The tropical timber trade and sustainable
             development},
   Pages = {298-308},
   Booktitle = {The Causes of Tropical Deforestation: The Economic and
             Statistical Analysis of Factors Giving Rise to the Loss of
             the Tropical Forests},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {May},
   ISBN = {9781032549354},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003428190-23},
   Doi = {10.4324/9781003428190-23},
   Key = {fds371662}
}

@misc{fds346609,
   Author = {Vincent, JR and Ali, RM and Rahim, KA},
   Title = {Water pollution abatement in Malaysia},
   Pages = {173-193},
   Booktitle = {Asia's Clean Revolution: Industry, Growth and the
             Environment},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {September},
   ISBN = {9781874719335},
   Key = {fds346609}
}

@misc{fds346610,
   Author = {Afsah, S and Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Putting Pressure on Polluters: Indonesia's PROPER programme:
             A case study for the Harvard Institute for International
             Development 1997 Asia Environmental Economics Policy
             Seminar},
   Pages = {157-172},
   Booktitle = {Asia's Clean Revolution: Industry, Growth and the
             Environment},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {September},
   ISBN = {9781874719335},
   Key = {fds346610}
}

@misc{fds301898,
   Author = {Vincent, JR},
   Title = {Valuing the environment as a production input},
   Pages = {36-78},
   Booktitle = {Environmental Valuation: In South Asia},
   Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9781107007147},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843938.004},
   Abstract = {Most research on the value of changes in environmental
             quality focuses on values from the standpoint of individual
             consumers. Three valuation methods dominate this research -
             contingent valuation, hedonic pricing, and travel cost
             models. These are sometimes the only methods considered in
             references on valuation methods. One example of this is the
             excellent primer by Champ et al. (2003). Yet, environmental
             quality can also affect production. For example,
             infiltration of saline water from shrimp farms can damage
             harvests on neighbouring rice farms, the loss of spawning
             grounds when mangroves are cut down can reduce fish catch,
             and damage from acid rain and other forms of air pollution
             can reduce timber harvests. This chapter focuses on the
             valuation of these sorts of effects.In these cases,
             environmental quality is acting as a non-market, or
             unpriced, production input. Damage to the environment
             reduces the supply of this input, and as a result production
             falls. Conversely, programmes to improve environmental
             quality can benefit environmentally sensitive forms of
             production by raising the supply of such inputs. These
             production-related benefits can be among the most important
             benefits generated by environmental improvements. This is
             especially likely to be the case in developing regions of
             the world such as South Asia, where agriculture accounts for
             a larger share of GDP than in higher-income regions and
             renewable resources such as forests and fisheries underpin
             local economies.},
   Doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511843938.004},
   Key = {fds301898}
}


%% Working Papers   
@article{fds214985,
   Author = {J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Ecosystem services and green growth},
   Journal = {World Bank Policy Research Working Papers},
   Year = {2012},
   Key = {fds214985}
}

@article{fds202110,
   Author = {Susana Ferreira and Kirk Hamilton and Jeffrey R.
             Vincent},
   Title = {Nature, Socioeconomics and Adaptation to Natural Disasters:
             New Evidence from Floods},
   Journal = {World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
             5725},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds202110}
}


%% Papers Submitted   
@article{fds222663,
   Author = {B, Alkire and J. Meara and J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Benefit-cost analysis of providing Caesarean delivery for
             obstructed labor},
   Booktitle = {Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 3rd ed.
             (Oxford University Press)},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222663}
}

@article{fds222556,
   Author = {J.R. Vincent and R.T. Carson and J.R. DeShazo and K.A. Schwabe and I.
             Ahmad, Chong S.K. and Chang Y.T. and M.D. Potts},
   Title = {Developing countries may be willing to pay to protect their
             own tropical forests},
   Journal = {PNAS},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222556}
}

@article{fds222557,
   Author = {J. S. Tan-Soo and N. Adnan and I. Ahmad and S. K. Pattanayak and J. R.
             Vincent},
   Title = {Converting tropical rainforests to oil palm and rubber
             increased flood duration in Malaysia},
   Journal = {PNAS},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222557}
}

@article{fds222558,
   Author = {J.R. DeShazo and R.T. Carson and K.A. Schwabe and J.R. Vincent and I.
             Ahmad, Chong S.K. and Chang Y.T.},
   Title = {Using Surveys to Value Protection and Recreational Use of
             Tropical Forests: Part 1—Survey Instrument Development and
             Structure},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222558}
}

@article{fds222559,
   Author = {J.R. DeShazo and R.T. Carson and K.A. Schwabe and J.R. Vincent and I.
             Ahmad, Chong S.K. and Chang Y.T.},
   Title = {Using Surveys to Value Protection and Recreational Use of
             Tropical Forests: Part 2—Design Issues, Survey
             Administration, and Descriptive Statistics},
   Journal = {Journal of Tropical Forest Science},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222559}
}

@article{fds222560,
   Author = {K.A. Schwabe and R.T. Carson and J.R. DeShazo and A.N. Reese and J.R.
             Vincent},
   Title = {Creation of Malaysia’s Royal Belum State Park: A Case
             Study of Conservation in a Developing Country},
   Journal = {J Env and Development (JED)},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222560}
}

@article{fds222561,
   Author = {R.T. Carson and J.R. DeShazo and K.A. Schwabe and J.R. Vincent and I.
             Ahmad},
   Title = {Incorporating visitor valuation information into park design
             decisions},
   Journal = {Journal of Forest Economics},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222561}
}

@article{fds222564,
   Author = {B. Alkire and J. Meara and J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Benefit-cost analysis of a cleft lip and palate surgical
             subspecialty hospital in India},
   Booktitle = {Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 3rd ed.
             (Oxford University Press)},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222564}
}

@article{fds214986,
   Author = {S. Ferreira and K. Hamilton and J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Does development reduce fatalities from natural disasters?
             New evidence for floods},
   Journal = {Environmental & Development Econ},
   Year = {2012},
   Key = {fds214986}
}


%% Book Chapters   
@misc{fds202111,
   Author = {J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Valuing the Environment as a Production Input},
   Booktitle = {Environmental Valuation in South Asia (Cambridge University
             Press)},
   Year = {2011},
   Key = {fds202111}
}

@misc{fds202112,
   Author = {J.R. Vincent},
   Title = {Askö 1998: Commentary},
   Booktitle = {Bringing Ecologists and Economists Together
             (Springer)},
   Year = {2011},
   Key = {fds202112}
}


%% Other   
@misc{fds222562,
   Author = {J.R. Vincent and I. Ahmad and N. Adnan and J.S. Tan-Soo and K.
             Thomas},
   Title = {Accounting for the water purification service of tropical
             rainforests},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222562}
}

@misc{fds222563,
   Author = {J. Strand and R.T. Carson and S. Navrud and A. Ortiz-Bobea and J.R.
             Vincent},
   Title = {A Delphi exercise as a tool in Amazon rainforest
             valuation},
   Year = {2013},
   Key = {fds222563}
}

@misc{fds169982,
   Author = {J.R. Vincent and S. Das},
   Title = {Mangroves and storm protection: getting the numbers
             right},
   Journal = {PNAS},
   Year = {2009},
   Key = {fds169982}
}


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