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| Publications of Seth G. Sanders :recent first alphabetical combined listing:%% Papers Published @article{fds238582, Author = {DULEEP, HO and SANDERS, S}, Title = {Discrimination at the Top: American‐Born Asian and White Men}, Journal = {Industrial Relations}, Volume = {31}, Number = {3}, Pages = {416-432}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1992}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1992.tb00318.x}, Abstract = {Asians are perceived as doing very well, and, indeed, the average earnings of several Asian groups exceed those of whites. However, although entering well‐paying positions, Asians may be prevented from further advancement by an invisible “glass ceiling.” Using microdata from the 1980 census to examine the economic status of American‐born men in five Asian groups, we find that the average Asian man earns as much as non‐Hispanic white men, but, adjusting for occupation and industry, highly educated Asian men in all five groups earn less than their white counterparts. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-232X.1992.tb00318.x}, Key = {fds238582} } @article{fds238583, Author = {Sanders, SG and Duleep, HO}, Title = {The Decision to Work by Married Immigrant Women: Evidence from Asian Women}, Journal = {Industrial and Labor Relations Review}, Volume = {46}, Number = {4}, Pages = {677-690}, Year = {1993}, Month = {July}, Key = {fds238583} } @article{fds324869, Author = {Hotz, VJ and Miller, RA and Sanders, S and Smith, J}, Title = {A simulation estimator for dynamic models of discrete choice}, Journal = {Review of Economic Studies}, Volume = {61}, Number = {2}, Pages = {265-289}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1994}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2297981}, Abstract = {This paper analyses a new estimator for the structural parameters of dynamic models of discrete choice. Based on an inversion theorem due to Hotz and Miller (1993), which establishes the existence of a one-to-one mapping between the conditional valuation functions for the dynamic problem and their associated conditional choice probabilities, we exploit simulation techniques to estimate models which do not possess terminal states. In this way our Conditional Choice Simulation (CCS) estimator complements the Conditional Choice Probability (CCP) estimator of Hotz and Miller (1993). Drawing on work in empirical process theory by Pakes and Pollard (1989), we establish its large sample properties, and then conduct a Monte Carlo study of Rust’s (1987) model of bus engine replacement to compare its small sample properties with those of Maximum Likelihood (ML). © 1994 The Review of Economic Studies Limited.}, Doi = {10.2307/2297981}, Key = {fds324869} } @article{fds238584, Author = {Sanders, SG and Duleep, HO}, Title = {Empirical Regularities Across Cultures: The Effect of Children on Women's Work}, Journal = {Journal of Human Resources}, Volume = {29}, Number = {2}, Pages = {328-347}, Year = {1994}, Month = {Spring}, Key = {fds238584} } @article{fds238585, Author = {Hotz, VJ and Mullin, CH and Sanders, SG}, Title = {Bounding Causal Effects Using Data from a Contaminated Natural Experiment: Analysing the Effects of Teenage Childbearing}, Journal = {Review of Economic Studies}, Volume = {64}, Number = {4}, Pages = {575-603}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2971732}, Abstract = {In this paper, we consider what can be learned about causal effects when one uses a contaminated instrumental variable. In particular, we consider what inferences can be made about the causal effect of teenage childbearing on a teen mother's subsequent outcomes when we use the natural experiment of miscarriages to form an instrumental variable for teen births. Miscarriages might not meet all of the conditions required for an instrumental variable to identify such causal effects for all of the observations in our sample. However, it is an appropriate instrumental variable for some women, namely those pregnant women who experience a random miscarriage. Although information from typical data sources does not allow one to identify these women, we show that one can adapt results from Horowitz and Manski (1995) on identification with data from contaminated samples to construct informative bounds on the causal effect of teenage childbearing. We use these bounds to re-examine the effects of early chilbearing on the teen mother's subsequent educational and labour market attainment as considered in Hotz, McElroy and Sanders (1995a, 1995b). Consistent with their study, these bounds indicate that women who have births as teens have higher labour market earnings and hours worked compared to what they would have attained if their childbearing had been delayed.}, Doi = {10.2307/2971732}, Key = {fds238585} } @article{fds147301, Author = {S.G. Sanders and R.A. Miller}, Title = {Human Capital Development and Welfare Participation}, Journal = {Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy}, Volume = {46}, Pages = {1-47}, Year = {1997}, Month = {July}, Key = {fds147301} } @article{fds238586, Author = {Daponte, BO and Lewis, GH and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Food pantry use among low-income households in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania}, Journal = {Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, Volume = {30}, Number = {1}, Pages = {50-57}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {This study was conducted to understand why some low-income people use pantries and others do not. Telephone and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 400 adults living in households with an income below 185% of the poverty level. Households were selected from a preliminary screening of 25,000 households in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and included 174 current pantry users and 226 nonusers. Consistent with prior research, most households using food pantries report difficulty adequately feeding their families, and pantry use appears to be evolving into a chronic issue rather than one of short-term emergency. New pantry users are likely to remain pantry users for roughly 2 years. Pantry use is highest among African-American households, single-headed households with children, and households with low levels of education. Regression analysis indicates, however, that pantry use is higher among these groups only because these households are generally the poorest. When variables for income and assets are entered into the regression equation, the only variable significantly related to the probability of using a pantry is whether or not the household owns a car.This latter finding underscores the importance of neighborhood-based pantries and localized food-distribution systems.}, Key = {fds238586} } @article{fds238587, Author = {McKinnish, T and Sanders, S and Smith, J}, Title = {Estimates of effective guarantees and tax rates in the AFDC program for the post-OBRA period}, Journal = {The Journal of Human Resources}, Volume = {34}, Number = {2}, Pages = {312-345}, Publisher = {JSTOR}, Year = {1999}, Month = {Spring}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/146348}, Abstract = {We employ the model used by Fraker, Moffitt, and Wolf (1985) to estimate effective tax rates and guarantees in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program for the years 1967-82 to produce comparable estimates for 1983-91. We compare this method of benefit prediction with other methods in the literature and clarify the interpretation of estimates generated using the Fraker, Moffitt, and Wolf model. We use our estimates for the period from 1983 to 1991 to examine how effective AFDC tax rates and guarantee levels have changed over time and relative to nominal, or official, program parameters.}, Doi = {10.2307/146348}, Key = {fds238587} } @article{fds238588, Author = {Daponte, BO and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Why do low-income households not use food stamps? Evidence from an experiment}, Journal = {The Journal of Human Resources}, Volume = {34}, Number = {3}, Pages = {612-628}, Publisher = {JSTOR}, Year = {1999}, Month = {Summer}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/146382}, Abstract = {This paper explores why many low-income households do not participate in the Food Stamp Program. By analyzing detailed income and asset data from a sample of low-income households, we find that many households that appear to be eligible for food stamps in fact are not eligible. By conducting an experiment designed to investigate the role of information on participation in the Food Stamp Program, we observe that ignorance about the program contributes to nonparticipation. However, there is evidence that knowledge about the program is endogenous-households generally avail themselves of information about the program when the anticipated benefits of doing so are large.}, Doi = {10.2307/146382}, Key = {fds238588} } @article{fds238592, Author = {Black, D and McKinnish, T and Sanders, SG}, Title = {Are We Understating the Impact of Economic Conditions on Welfare Rolls?}, Volume = {5}, Number = {4}, Pages = {489-505}, Year = {2000}, Month = {March}, Key = {fds238592} } @article{fds238589, Author = {Black, D and Gates, G and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in the United States: evidence from available systematic data sources.}, Journal = {Demography}, Volume = {37}, Number = {2}, Pages = {139-154}, Year = {2000}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2648117}, Abstract = {This work provides an overview of standard social science data sources that now allow some systematic study of the gay and lesbian population in the United States. For each data source, we consider how sexual orientation can be defined, and we note the potential sample sizes. We give special attention to the important problem of measurement error, especially the extent to which individuals recorded as gay and lesbian are indeed recorded correctly. Our concern is that because gays and lesbians constitute a relatively small fraction of the population, modest measurement problems could lead to serious errors in inference. In examining gays and lesbians in multiple data sets we also achieve a second objective: We provide a set of statistics about this population that is relevant to several current policy debates.}, Doi = {10.2307/2648117}, Key = {fds238589} } @article{fds238590, Author = {Black, D and Gates, G and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Why do gay men live in San Francisco?}, Journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, Volume = {51}, Number = {1}, Pages = {54-76}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2002}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0094-1190}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.2001.2237}, Abstract = {San Francisco is known both as one of America's loveliest cities and as home to an unusually large gay community. We argue that this overrepresentation of gays is not coincidental. Gay households face constraints that make having children more costly for them than for similar heterosexual households. This reduces lifetime demand for housing while freeing resources for allocation elsewhere. Therefore, gay men disproportionately sort into high-amenity locations. A ranking of metropolitan areas by their gay concentration finds high concentrations in America's most attractive cities. Regression analysis reveals that measures of local amenities predict gay location more strongly than does gay friendliness. © 2001 Elsevier Science.}, Doi = {10.1006/juec.2001.2237}, Key = {fds238590} } @article{fds238591, Author = {Black, D and Daniel, K and Sanders, S}, Title = {The Impact of Economic Conditions on Participation in Disability Programs: Evidence from the Coal Boom and Bust.}, Journal = {American Economic Review}, Volume = {92}, Number = {1}, Pages = {27-50}, Year = {2002}, Month = {January}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2099 Duke open access}, Abstract = {We examine the impact of the coal boom of the 1970's and the coal bust of the 1980's on disability program participation. These shocks provide clear evidence that as the value of labor-market participation increases, disability program participation falls. For the Disability Insurance program, the elasticity of payments with respect to local earnings is between -0.3 and -0.4 and for Supplemental Security Income the elasticity is between -0.4 and -0.7. Consistent with a model where qualifying for disability programs is costly, the relationship between economic conditions and program participation is much stronger for permanent than for transitory economic shocks.}, Doi = {10.1257/000282802760015595}, Key = {fds238591} } @article{fds238574, Author = {Nagin, DS and Rebitzer, JB and Sanders, S and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {Monitoring, motivation, and management: The determinants of opportunistic behavior in a field experiment}, Journal = {American Economic Review}, Volume = {92}, Number = {4}, Pages = {850-873}, Publisher = {American Economic Association}, Year = {2002}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344498}, Abstract = {Economic models of incentives in employment relationships are based on a specific theory of motivation: employees are "rational cheaters," who anticipate the consequences of their actions and shirk when the marginal benefits exceed costs. We investigate the "rational cheater model" by observing how experimentally induced variation in monitoring of telephone call center employees influences opportunism. A significant fraction of employees behave as the "rational cheater model" predicts. A substantial proportion of employees, however, do not respond to manipulations in the monitoring rate. This heterogeneity is related to variation in employee assessments of their general treatment by the employer. (JEL D2, J2, L2, L8, M12).}, Doi = {10.1257/00028280260344498}, Key = {fds238574} } @article{fds238593, Author = {Sanders, SG and Black, D and Makar, H and Taylor, L}, Title = {The Effect of Sexual Orientation on Earnings}, Journal = {Industrial and Labor Relations Review}, Volume = {56}, Number = {3}, Pages = {449-469}, Year = {2003}, Month = {March}, Key = {fds238593} } @article{fds238594, Author = {Black, DA and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {The economic reward for studying economics}, Journal = {Economic Inquiry}, Volume = {41}, Number = {3}, Pages = {365-377}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2003}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ei/cbg014}, Abstract = {Undergraduate advisors in economics departments suggest that the study of economics is good preparation for a variety of careers, including economics, consulting, analysis, and administration, and they argue that economics is a solid prelaw or pre-MBA major. In this article we provide some empirical evidence about each of these contentions. We find that among college graduates who do not earn advanced degrees, economics majors generally earn more than similar individuals with other majors. We show also that among individuals who pursue graduate degree programs in business and law, economics majors earn more than undergraduate majors in most other academic disciplines.}, Doi = {10.1093/ei/cbg014}, Key = {fds238594} } @article{fds238576, Author = {Black, D and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Measurement of Higher Education in the Census and Current Population Survey}, Journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association}, Volume = {98}, Number = {463}, Pages = {545-554}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2003}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/016214503000000369}, Abstract = {We examine measurement error in the reporting of higher education in the 1990 Decennial Census and the post-1991 Current Population Survey (CPS). We document that measurement error in the reporting of higher education is prevalent in Census data. Further, these errors violate models of classical measurement error in important ways. The level of education is consistently reported as higher than it is (errors are not mean 0), errors in the reporting of education are correlated with covariates that appear in earnings regressions, and errors in the reporting of education appear correlated with the error term in a model of earnings determination. Thus, neither well-known results on classical measurement error nor recent models of nonclassical measurement error are likely valid when using Census and CPS data. We find some evidence that the measurement error is lower in the CPS than in the Census, presumably because first interviews are generally conducted in person.}, Doi = {10.1198/016214503000000369}, Key = {fds238576} } @article{fds238595, Author = {Sanders, SG and Black, D and McKinnish, T}, Title = {Does the Availability of High-Wage Jobs for Low-Skilled Men Affects AFDC Expenditures: Evidence from Shocks to the Coal and Steel Industries}, Journal = {Journal of the Public Economics}, Volume = {87}, Number = {9-10}, Pages = {1919-1940}, Year = {2003}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00014-2}, Abstract = {We study shocks to the coal and steel industries to measure the effect of long-term changes in demand for low-skilled workers on welfare expenditures. The coal and steel industries have historically paid high wages to low-skilled men. We find a substantial increase in welfare expenditures in response to the collapse of the steel and coal industries in the 1980s, and an even more substantial reduction in welfare expenditures during the coal boom of the 1970s. Additional analysis indicates the reduction in welfare expenditures during the coal boom is due in part to a decline in single-parent households. © 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00014-2}, Key = {fds238595} } @article{fds304430, Author = {Black, DA and McKinnish, TG and Sanders, SG}, Title = {Does the availability of high-wage jobs for low-skilled men affect welfare expenditures? Evidence from shocks to the steel and coal industries}, Journal = {Journal of Public Economics}, Volume = {87}, Number = {9-10}, Pages = {1921-1942}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2003}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00014-2}, Abstract = {We study shocks to the coal and steel industries to measure the effect of long-term changes in demand for low-skilled workers on welfare expenditures. The coal and steel industries have historically paid high wages to low-skilled men. We find a substantial increase in welfare expenditures in response to the collapse of the steel and coal industries in the 1980s, and an even more substantial reduction in welfare expenditures during the coal boom of the 1970s. Additional analysis indicates the reduction in welfare expenditures during the coal boom is due in part to a decline in single-parent households. © 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00014-2}, Key = {fds304430} } @article{fds238575, Author = {Black, D and McKinnish, T and Sanders, S}, Title = {The economic impact of the coal boom and bust}, Journal = {The Economic Journal}, Volume = {115}, Number = {503}, Pages = {449-476}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2005}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2005.00996.x}, Abstract = {In this paper, we examine the impact of the coal boom in the 1970s and the subsequent coal bust in the 1980s on local labour markets in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. We address two main questions in our analysis. How were non-mining sectors affected by the shocks to the mining sector? How did these effects differ between sectors producing local goods and those producing traded goods? We find evidence of modest employment spillovers into sectors with locally traded goods but not into sectors with nationally traded goods. © Royal Economic Society 2005.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2005.00996.x}, Key = {fds238575} } @article{fds238579, Author = {Hotz, VJ and McElroy, SW and Sanders, SG}, Title = {Teenage childbearing and its life cycle consequences: Exploiting a natural experiment}, Journal = {The Journal of Human Resources}, Volume = {40}, Number = {3}, Pages = {683-715}, Publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, Year = {2005}, Month = {Summer}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/jhr.xl.3.683}, Abstract = {We exploit a "natural experiment" associated with human reproduction to identify the causal effect of teen childbearing on the socioeconomic attainment of teen mothers. We exploit the fact that some women who become pregnant experience a miscarriage and do not have a live birth. Using miscarriages an instrumental variable, we estimate the effect of teen mothers not delaying their childbearing on their subsequent attainment. We find that many of the negative consequences of teenage childbearing are much smaller than those found in previous studies. For most outcomes, the adverse consequences of early childbearing are short-lived. Finally, for annual hours of work and earnings, we find that a teen mother would have lower levels of each at older ages if they had delayed their childbearing. © 2005 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.}, Doi = {10.3368/jhr.xl.3.683}, Key = {fds238579} } @article{fds238596, Author = {Black, DA and McKinnish, TG and Sanders, SG}, Title = {Tight labor markets and the demand for education: Evidence from the coal boom and bust}, Journal = {Ilr Review}, Volume = {59}, Number = {1}, Pages = {3-16}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2005}, Month = {October}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2535 Duke open access}, Abstract = {Human capital theory predicts that individuals acquire less schooling when the returns to schooling are small. To test this theory, the authors study the effect of the Appalachian coal boom on high school enrollments. During the 1970s, a boom in the coal industry increased the earnings of high school dropouts relative to those of graduates. During the 1980s, the boom subsided and the earnings of dropouts declined relative to those of graduates. The authors find that high school enrollment rates in Kentucky and Pennsylvania declined considerably in the 1970s and increased in the 1980s in coal-producing counties relative to counties without coal. The estimates indicate that a long-term 10% increase in the earnings of low-skilled workers could decrease high school enrollment rates by as much as 5-7%-a finding with implications for policies aimed at improving low-skilled workers' employment and earnings, such as wage subsidies and minimum wage increases. © by Cornell University.}, Doi = {10.1186/1476-5918-4-3}, Key = {fds238596} } @article{fds238597, Author = {Seltzer, JA and Bachrach, CA and Bianchi, SM and Bledsoe, CH and Casper, LM and Chase-Lansdale, PL and Diprete, TA and Hotz, VJ and Morgan, SP and Sanders, SG and Thomas, D}, Title = {Explaining Family Change and Variation: Challenges for Family Demographers.}, Journal = {Journal of Marriage and the Family}, Volume = {67}, Number = {4}, Pages = {908-925}, Year = {2005}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-2445}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20376277}, Abstract = {Twenty years ago, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) issued a request for proposals that resulted in the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), a unique survey valuable to a wide range of family scholars. This paper describes the efforts of an interdisciplinary group of family demographers to build on the progress enabled by the NSFH and many other theoretical and methodological innovations. Our work, also supported by NICHD, will develop plans for research and data collection to address the central question of what causes family change and variation. We outline the group's initial assessments of orienting frameworks, key aspects of family life to study, and theoretical and methodological challenges for research on family change. Finally, we invite family scholars to follow our progress and to help develop this shared public good.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00183.x}, Key = {fds238597} } @article{fds238598, Author = {Black, D and Haviland, A and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Why do minority men earn less? A study of wage differentials among the highly educated}, Journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics}, Volume = {88}, Number = {2}, Pages = {300-313}, Publisher = {MIT Press - Journals}, Year = {2006}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0034-6535}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2000 Duke open access}, Abstract = {We estimate wage gaps using nonparametric matching methods and detailed measures of field of study for university graduates. We find a modest portion of the wage gap is the consequence of measurement error in the Census education measure. For Hispanic and Asian men, the remaining gap is attributable to premarket factors - primarily differences in formal education and English language proficiency. For black men, only about one-quarter of the wage gap is explained by these same factors. For a subsample of black men born outside the South to parents with some college education, these factors do account for the entire wage gap. © 2006 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.}, Doi = {10.1162/rest.88.2.300}, Key = {fds238598} } @article{fds238578, Author = {Black, DA and Sanders, SG and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {The economics of lesbian and gay families}, Journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives : a Journal of the American Economic Association}, Volume = {21}, Number = {2}, Pages = {53-70}, Publisher = {American Economic Association}, Year = {2007}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0895-3309}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.2.53}, Doi = {10.1257/jep.21.2.53}, Key = {fds238578} } @article{fds184895, Author = {S.G. Sanders and D. Black and A. Haviland and L. Taylor}, Title = {Gender Wage Differences Among the Highly Educated}, Journal = {Journal of Human Resources}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds184895} } @article{fds238581, Author = {Black, DA and Haviland, A and Sanders, SG and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated.}, Journal = {The Journal of Human Resources}, Volume = {43}, Number = {3}, Pages = {630-659}, Year = {2008}, Month = {Summer}, ISSN = {0022-166X}, url = {http://jhr.uwpress.org/cgi/reprint/43/3/630?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=Sanders&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT}, Abstract = {In the U.S. college-educated women earn approximately 30 percent less than their non-Hispanic white male counterparts. We conduct an empirical examination of this wage disparity for four groups of women-non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic, and Asian-using the National Survey of College Graduates, a large data set that provides unusually detailed information on higher-level education. Nonparametric matching analysis indicates that among men and women who speak English at home, between 44 and 73 percent of the gender wage gaps are accounted for by such pre-market factors as highest degree and major. When we restrict attention further to women who have "high labor force attachment" (i.e., work experience that is similar to male comparables) we account for 54 to 99 percent of gender wage gaps. Our nonparametric approach differs from familiar regression-based decompositions, so for the sake of comparison we conduct parametric analyses as well. Inferences drawn from these latter decompositions can be quite misleading.}, Doi = {10.3368/jhr.43.3.630}, Key = {fds238581} } @article{fds184894, Author = {Eduardo Fajnzylber and S.G. Sanders and V.J Hotz}, Title = {An Economic Model of Amniocentesis Choice Advances in Life Course}, Journal = {Advances in Life Course Research}, Volume = {15}, Number = {1}, Pages = {11-26}, Year = {2010}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1040-2608}, Key = {fds184894} } @article{fds238580, Author = {Fajnzylber, E and Hotz, VJ and Sanders, SG}, Title = {An economic model of amniocentesis choice.}, Journal = {Advances in Life Course Research}, Volume = {15}, Number = {1}, Pages = {11-26}, Year = {2010}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21516255}, Abstract = {Medical practitioners typically utilize the following protocol when advising pregnant women about testing for the possibility of genetic disorders with their fetus: Pregnant women over the age of 35 should be tested for Down syndrome and other genetic disorders, while for younger women, such tests are discouraged (or not discussed) as the test can cause a pregnancy to miscarry. The logic appears compelling. The rate at which amniocentesis causes a pregnancy to miscarry is constant while the rate of genetic disorder rises substantially over a woman's reproductive years. Hence the potential benefit from testing - being able to terminate a fetus that is known to have a genetic disorder - rises with maternal age. This article argues that this logic is incomplete. While the benefits to testing do rise with age, the costs rise as well. Undergoing an amniocentesis always entails the risk of inducing a miscarriage of a healthy fetus. However, these costs are lower at early ages, because there is a higher probability of being able to replace a miscarried fetus with a healthy birth at a later age. We develop and calibrate a dynamic model of amniocentesis choice to explore this tradeoff. For parameters that characterize realistic age patterns of chromosomal abnormalities, fertility rates and miscarriages following amniocentesis, our model implies a falling, rather than rising, rate of amniocentesis as women approach menopause.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.alcr.2010.08.001}, Key = {fds238580} } @article{fds214246, Author = {Dan Black and S.G. Sanders}, Title = {Inequality and Human Capital in Appalachia, 1960–2000}, Pages = {240}, Booktitle = {Appalachian Legacy: Economic Opportunity After the War on Poverty}, Publisher = {Brookings Institution Press}, Editor = {James Ziliak}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214246} } @article{fds214245, Author = {Dan Black and Natalia Kolesnikova and Seth Sanders and Lowell Taylor}, Title = {Are Children Normal?}, Journal = {Review of Economics and Statistics}, Year = {2012}, Month = {February}, Key = {fds214245} } @article{fds238570, Author = {Black, DA and Kolesnikova, N and Sanders, SG and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {Are Children “Normal”?}, Journal = {Review of Economics and Statistics}, Volume = {95}, Number = {1}, Pages = {21-33}, Year = {2013}, Month = {March}, Abstract = {We examine Becker's (1960) contention that children are “normal.” For the cross-section of non-Hispanic white married couples in the United States, we show that when we restrict comparisons to similarly educated women living in similarly expensive locations, completed fertility is positively correlated with the husband's income. The empirical evidence is consistent with children being “normal.” In an effort to show causal effects, we analyze the localized impact on fertility of the mid-1970s' increase in world energy prices, an exogenous shock that substantially increased men's incomes in the Appalachian coal-mining region. Empirical evidence for that population indicates that fertility increases with men's income. © 2013 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.}, Key = {fds238570} } @misc{fds238569, Author = {Black, DA and Kolesnikova, N and Sanders, SG and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {THE ROLE OF LOCATION IN EVALUATING RACIAL WAGE DISPARITY.}, Journal = {Journal of Labor Economics}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {2-2}, Year = {2013}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0734-306X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-2-2}, Abstract = {A standard object of empirical analysis in labor economics is a modified Mincer wage function in which an individual's log wage is specified to be a function of education, experience, and an indicator variable identifying race. We analyze this approach in a context in which individuals live and work in different locations (and thus face different housing prices and wages). Our model provides a justification for the traditional approach, but with the important caveat that the regression should include location-specific fixed effects. Empirical analyses of men in U.S. labor markets demonstrate that failure to condition on location causes us to (i) overstate the decline in black-white wage disparity over the past 60 years, and (ii) understate racial and ethnic wage gaps that remain after taking into account measured cognitive skill differences that emerge when workers are young.}, Doi = {10.1186/2193-8997-2-2}, Key = {fds238569} } @article{fds238573, Author = {Gorsuch, MM and Sanders, SG and Wu, B}, Title = {Tooth loss in Appalachia and the Mississippi delta relative to other regions in the United States, 1999-2010.}, Journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, Volume = {104}, Number = {5}, Pages = {e85-e91}, Year = {2014}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301641}, Abstract = {We examined regional variation in tooth loss in the United States from 1999 to 2010.We used 6 waves of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and data on county characteristics to describe regional trends in tooth loss and decompose diverging trends into the parts explained by individual and county components.Appalachia and the Mississippi Delta had higher levels of tooth loss than the rest of the country in 1999. From 1999 to 2010, tooth loss declined in the United States. However, Appalachia did not converge toward the US average, and the Mississippi Delta worsened relative to the United States. Socioeconomic status explained the largest portion of differences between regions in 1999, but a smaller portion of the trends. The Mississippi Delta is aging more quickly than the rest of the country, which explains 17% of the disparity in the time trend.The disadvantage in tooth loss is persistent in Appalachia and growing in the Mississippi Delta. The increasing disparity is partly explained by changes in the age structure but is also associated with behavioral and environmental factors.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2013.301641}, Key = {fds238573} } @article{fds238568, Author = {Andersson, F and García-Pérez, M and Haltiwanger, J and McCue, K and Sanders, S}, Title = {Workplace Concentration of Immigrants}, Journal = {Demography}, Volume = {51}, Number = {6}, Pages = {2281-2306}, Year = {2014}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0070-3370}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0352-3}, Abstract = {Casual observation suggests that in most U.S. urban labor markets, immigrants have more immigrant coworkers than native-born workers do. While seeming obvious, this excess tendency to work together has not been precisely measured, nor have its sources been quantified. Using matched employer-employee data from the U.S. Census Bureau Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) database on a set of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) with substantial immigrant populations, we find that, on average, 37 % of an immigrant's coworkers are themselves immigrants; in contrast, only 14 % of a native-born worker's coworkers are immigrants. We decompose this difference into the probability of working with compatriots versus with immigrants from other source countries. Using human capital, employer, and location characteristics, we narrow the mechanisms that might explain immigrant concentration. We find that industry, language, and residential segregation collectively explain almost all the excess tendency to work with immigrants from other source countries, but they have limited power to explain work with compatriots. This large unexplained compatriot component suggests an important role for unmeasured country-specific factors, such as social networks.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13524-014-0352-3}, Key = {fds238568} } @article{fds238572, Author = {Israel, S and Caspi, A and Belsky, DW and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Houts, R and Ramrakha, S and Sanders, S and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Credit scores, cardiovascular disease risk, and human capital.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {111}, Number = {48}, Pages = {17087-17092}, Year = {2014}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9270 Duke open access}, Abstract = {Credit scores are the most widely used instruments to assess whether or not a person is a financial risk. Credit scoring has been so successful that it has expanded beyond lending and into our everyday lives, even to inform how insurers evaluate our health. The pervasive application of credit scoring has outpaced knowledge about why credit scores are such useful indicators of individual behavior. Here we test if the same factors that lead to poor credit scores also lead to poor health. Following the Dunedin (New Zealand) Longitudinal Study cohort of 1,037 study members, we examined the association between credit scores and cardiovascular disease risk and the underlying factors that account for this association. We find that credit scores are negatively correlated with cardiovascular disease risk. Variation in household income was not sufficient to account for this association. Rather, individual differences in human capital factors—educational attainment, cognitive ability, and self-control—predicted both credit scores and cardiovascular disease risk and accounted for ∼45% of the correlation between credit scores and cardiovascular disease risk. Tracing human capital factors back to their childhood antecedents revealed that the characteristic attitudes, behaviors, and competencies children develop in their first decade of life account for a significant portion (∼22%) of the link between credit scores and cardiovascular disease risk at midlife. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy debates about data privacy, financial literacy, and early childhood interventions.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1409794111}, Key = {fds238572} } @article{fds324868, Author = {Arcidiacono, P and Beauchamp, A and Hull, M and Sanders, S}, Title = {Exploring the racial divide in education and the labor market through evidence from interracial families}, Journal = {Journal of Human Capital}, Volume = {9}, Number = {2}, Pages = {198-238}, Publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/681957}, Abstract = {© 2015 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. We examine gaps between minorities and whites in education and labor market outcomes, controlling for many covariates including maternal race. Identification comes from different reported races within the family. Estimates show two distinct patterns. First, there are no significant differences in outcomes between black and white males with white mothers. Second, large differences persist between these groups and black males with black mothers. The patterns are insensitive to alternative measures of own race and school fixed effects. Our results suggest that discrimination is not occurring on the basis of child skin color but through mother-child channels such as dialect or parenting practices.}, Doi = {10.1086/681957}, Key = {fds324868} } @article{fds238571, Author = {Black, DA and Sanders, SG and Taylor, EJ and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South.}, Journal = {American Economic Review}, Volume = {105}, Number = {2}, Pages = {477-503}, Year = {2015}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0002-8282}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120642}, Abstract = {The Great Migration-the massive migration of African Americans out of the rural South to largely urban locations in the North, Midwest, and West-was a landmark event in U.S. Our paper shows that this migration increased mortality of African Americans born in the early twentieth century South. This inference comes from an analysis that uses proximity of birthplace to railroad lines as an instrument for migration.}, Doi = {10.1257/aer.20120642}, Key = {fds238571} } @article{fds326774, Author = {Black, DA and Hsu, Y-C and Sanders, SG and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {Combining forward and backward mortality estimation.}, Journal = {Population Studies}, Volume = {71}, Number = {3}, Pages = {281-292}, Year = {2017}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2017.1319496}, Abstract = {Demographers often form estimates by combining information from two data sources-a challenging problem when one or both data sources are incomplete. A classic example entails the construction of death probabilities, which requires death counts for the subpopulations under study and corresponding base population estimates. Approaches typically entail 'back projection', as in Wrigley and Schofield's seminal analysis of historical English data, or 'inverse' or 'forward projection' as used by Lee in his important reanalysis of that work, both published in the 1980s. Our paper shows how forward and backward approaches can be optimally combined, using a generalized method of moments (GMM) framework. We apply the method to the estimation of death probabilities for relatively small subpopulations within the United States (men born 1930-39 by state of birth by birth cohort by race), combining data from vital statistics records and census samples.}, Doi = {10.1080/00324728.2017.1319496}, Key = {fds326774} } @article{fds329539, Author = {Black, DA and Hsu, Y-C and Sanders, SG and Schofield, LS and Taylor, LJ}, Title = {The Methuselah Effect: The Pernicious Impact of Unreported Deaths on Old-Age Mortality Estimates.}, Journal = {Demography}, Volume = {54}, Number = {6}, Pages = {2001-2024}, Year = {2017}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0623-x}, Abstract = {We examine inferences about old-age mortality that arise when researchers use survey data matched to death records. We show that even small rates of failure to match respondents can lead to substantial bias in the measurement of mortality rates at older ages. This type of measurement error is consequential for three strands in the demographic literature: (1) the deceleration in mortality rates at old ages; (2) the black-white mortality crossover; and (3) the relatively low rate of old-age mortality among Hispanics, often called the "Hispanic paradox." Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men matched to death records in both the U.S. Vital Statistics system and the Social Security Death Index, we demonstrate that even small rates of missing mortality matching plausibly lead to an appearance of mortality deceleration when none exists and can generate a spurious black-white mortality crossover. We confirm these findings using data from the National Health Interview Survey matched to the U.S. Vital Statistics system, a data set known as the "gold standard" (Cowper et al. 2002) for estimating age-specific mortality. Moreover, with these data, we show that the Hispanic paradox is also plausibly explained by a similar undercount.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13524-017-0623-x}, Key = {fds329539} } %% Edited Volumes @misc{fds200042, Author = {S.G. Sanders}, Title = {Crime and the family: Lessons from teenage childbearing}, Booktitle = {Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs}, Publisher = {NBER}, Editor = {Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig and Justin McCrary}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds200042} } %% Papers Submitted @misc{fds214247, Author = {Fredrik Andersson and Monica Garcia-Perez and John Haltiwanger and Kristin McCue and Seth Sanders}, Title = {Workplace Concentration of Immigrants}, Journal = {Revise and Resubmit at Demography}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214247} } @misc{fds214248, Author = {Dan Black and Yu-Chieh Hsu and Seth Sanders and Lowell Taylor}, Title = {Forward and Backward Estimates of Mortality}, Journal = {Revise and Resubmit at Demography}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214248} } @article{fds214249, Author = {Dan Black and Seth Sanders and Evan Taylor and Lowell Taylor}, Title = {The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African}, Journal = {Revise and Resubmitt at the American Economic Review}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds214249} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds147306, Author = {S.G. Sanders and V.J. Hotz and S. McElroy}, Title = {The Impact of Teenage Childbearing on the Mothers and the Consequences of those Impacts for Government}, Booktitle = {Kids Having Kids: Economic Cost and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy}, Editor = {Rebecca Maynard}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds147306} } @misc{fds347332, Author = {Black, D and Gates, G and Sanders, S and Taylor, L}, Title = {Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in The United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources}, Pages = {61-92}, Booktitle = {Queer Economics: A Reader}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {0415771692}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203939451-14}, Abstract = {© 2008 Editorial matter and selection, Joyce Jacobsen and Adam Zeller; individual chapters, the contributors. THE EMERGENCE OF SOLID demographic studies describing the gay and lesbian population marks an important change for social science research. Historically, few sizable surveys of this population were available, and many previous surveys that provided large samples of gays and lesbians utilized “convenience sampling,” as in samples drawn from readers of particular magazines or newspapers, or responses solicited from Internet sites or in gay bars. Researchers have been properly reluctant to draw general inferences about the gay and lesbian population from these samples. Recently, however, a number of scholars have begun to study economic and social issues in the gay and lesbian population using sizable samples with known propert ies - samples drawn from the General Social Survey, the National Health and Social Life Survey, and the 1990 U.S. census.}, Doi = {10.4324/9780203939451-14}, Key = {fds347332} } @misc{fds326508, Author = {Kranton, RE and Sanders, SG}, Title = {Groupy versus non-groupy social preferences: Personality, region, and political party}, Journal = {American Economic Review}, Volume = {107}, Number = {5}, Pages = {65-69}, Publisher = {American Economic Association}, Year = {2017}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171096}, Doi = {10.1257/aer.p20171096}, Key = {fds326508} } @misc{fds349323, Author = {Hotz, VJ and McElroy, SW and Sanders, SG}, Title = {The impacts of teenage childbearing on the mothers and the consequences of those impacts for government}, Pages = {55-94}, Booktitle = {Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781138321328}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452635-3}, Abstract = {© 1997 The Urban Institute. All rights reserved. The everyday hardships of teen motherhood come into public consciousness through media attention to and the prevalence of teen childbearing throughout the United States. The apparent adverse consequences of teen motherhood have become an important issue in the current debate over reforming the US welfare system. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) is a nationally representative sample of young men and women who were 14 to 21 years old in 1979. Thus, the teenage years of women in our study occurred between 1970 and 1985. The NLSY yields data on annual benefits received from Aid to Families with Dependent Children and food stamps, as well as the benefits from other social programs, including Supplemental Security Income and General Assistance. Teen mothers come from much more disadvantaged backgrounds than do women who delay childbearing. Failure to delay childbearing, though much smaller than suggested by the earlier comparisons, has a negative and lasting effect on a teen mother's marriage prospects.}, Doi = {10.4324/9780429452635-3}, Key = {fds349323} } %% Other @misc{fds147311, Author = {S.G. Sanders and V. J. Hotz}, Title = {Bounding Treatment Effects in Experimental Evaluations Subject to Post-Randomization Treatment Choice}, Journal = {Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 49th Session}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds147311} } @misc{fds147310, Author = {S.G. Sanders and B. Daponte and G. Lewis and L. Taylor}, Title = {An Examination of Food Pantry Use}, Journal = {United Way}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, Key = {fds147310} } @misc{fds147309, Author = {S.G. Sanders and D. Black and K. Daniel}, Title = {The Rise and Fall of King Coal}, Journal = {Kentucky Annual Economic Report}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds147309} } @misc{fds147308, Author = {S.G. Sanders and V.J. Hotz and S. McElroy}, Title = {The Costs and Consequences of Teenage Childbearing for Mothers}, Journal = {Chicago Policy Review}, Volume = {1}, Number = {1}, Pages = {55-94}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds147308} } | |
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