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| Publications of Philip J. Cook :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Books
@book{fds370071,
Author = {Braga, AA and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Policing gun violence: Strategic reforms for controlling our
most pressing crime problem},
Pages = {1-241},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780199929283},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199929283.001.0001},
Abstract = {This book makes the case that increasing the effectiveness
of the police in gun-violence prevention is both possible
and essential. It is essential because in many cities, gun
violence is the most pressing crime problem, making cities
less liveable and negatively affecting economic development.
There is no good alternative to police authority for gaining
control of criminal gangs and interrupting cycles of
retaliation. Increasing police effectiveness is possible due
to considerable advances in the understanding of what works
(and what does not) in the strategic use of police
resources. In particular, innovations such as focused
deterrence, hot spots policing, procedural justice, and
enhanced shooting investigations have been widely studied
and offer real promise if implemented correctly. The
challenges in this domain begin with the fact that
low-income communities of color, which bear the brunt of gun
violence, tend to be distrustful of the police. Residents of
these communities often believe that they are overpoliced,
due to heavy-handed tactics and officer-involved shootings.
But they also believe they are underpoliced, as evidenced by
slow response times, failure to intervene in tense
situations, and low arrest rates for serious crime. A
comprehensive strategy for policing gun violence requires a
community focus and a commitment to reining in police
misbehavior. This book makes the case that, done correctly,
policing gun violence is an urgent investment and a matter
of social justice.},
Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780199929283.001.0001},
Key = {fds370071}
}
@book{fds339875,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Foreword},
Pages = {xiii-xiv},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780813397801},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429501265},
Doi = {10.4324/9780429501265},
Key = {fds339875}
}
@book{fds333581,
Author = {Krawiec, K and Cook, P},
Title = {If We Allow Football Players and Boxers to Be Paid for
Entertaining the Public, Why Don't We Allow Kidney Donors to
Be Paid for Saving Lives?},
Volume = {81},
Pages = {9-35},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds333581}
}
@misc{fds266429,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Goss, KA},
Title = {The Gun Debate: What Everyone Needs to Know},
Pages = {336 pages},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2014},
ISBN = {0190073454},
Abstract = {The volume includes information on gun control pertaining to
U.S. history, jurisprudence, cultural beliefs, political
agendas, epidemiologcal data, criminology, law and
regulation, and policy effectiveness.},
Key = {fds266429}
}
@misc{fds266428,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Machin, S and Marie, O and Mastrobuoni,
G},
Title = {Lessons from the Economics of Crime: What Reduces
Offending?},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Address = {Cambridge, MA},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds266428}
}
@book{fds266472,
Author = {Cook, Philip J. and Ludwig, Jens and McCrary,
Justin},
Title = {Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Address = {Chicago},
Editor = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and McCrary, J},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo12322295.html},
Key = {fds266472}
}
@book{fds266427,
Author = {Frank, RH and Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Winner-Take-All Society},
Publisher = {Virgin Books},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds266427}
}
@book{fds266426,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Paying the Tab: The Economics of Alcohol
Policy},
Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds266426}
}
@book{fds14350,
Title = {Evaluating Gun Violence},
Publisher = {Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {J Ludwig and PJ Cook},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds14350}
}
@book{fds266425,
Title = {Evaluating Gun Policy},
Publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds266425}
}
@book{fds47480,
Author = {PJ Cook and J Ludwig},
Title = {Gun Violence: The Real Costs},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds47480}
}
@book{fds266424,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Gun Violence: The Real Costs},
Pages = {1-256},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2000},
ISBN = {0195137930},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195153842.001.0001},
Abstract = {Until now researchers have assessed the burden imposed by
gunshot injuries and deaths in terms of medical costs and
lost productivity. Here, the chapters widen the lens,
developing a framework to calculate the full costs borne by
Americans in a society where both gun violence and its
ever-present threat mandate responses that touch every
aspect of our lives. All Americans share the costs of gun
violence. Whether waiting in line to pass through airport
security or paying taxes for the protection of public
officials; whether buying a transparent book-bag for their
children to meet their school's post-Columbine regulations
or subsidizing an urban trauma center, the steps taken are
many and the expenditures enormous. The chapters reveal that
investments in prevention, avoidance, and harm reduction,
both public and private, constitute a far greater share of
the gun-violence burden than previously recognized. They
also employ extensive survey data to measure the subjective
costs of living in a society where there is risk of being
shot or losing a loved one or neighbor to gunfire. At the
same time, they demonstrate that the problem of gun violence
is not intractable. The review of the available evidence
suggests that there are both additional gun regulations and
targeted law enforcement measures that will help. This book
moves the debate over gun violence past symbolic politics to
a direct engagement with the costs and benefits of policies
that hold promise for reducing gun violence and may even pay
for themselves.},
Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195153842.001.0001},
Key = {fds266424}
}
@book{fds266342,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Guns in America results of a comprehensive national survey
on firearms ownership and use},
Pages = {94 pages},
Publisher = {The Police Foundation},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {With nearly 200,000,000 guns in private hands, firearms have
an important impact on the quality of American
life.},
Key = {fds266342}
}
@book{fds266423,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Kids, Guns and Public Policy},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Publisher = {Duke University School of Law},
Editor = {Cook, PJ},
Year = {1996},
Month = {Winter},
Key = {fds266423}
}
@book{fds266422,
Author = {Frank, RH and Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Winner-Take-All Society},
Publisher = {New York: The Free Press},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds266422}
}
@book{fds47388,
Author = {PJ Cook and D Slawson},
Title = {The Costs of Processing Murder Cases in North
Carolina},
Publisher = {Administrative Office of the Courts, Raleigh,
NC},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds47388}
}
@book{fds266346,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Slawson, D},
Title = {The Costs of Adjudicating Murder Cases in North
Carolina},
Publisher = {Administrative Office of the Courts},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds266346}
}
@book{fds266475,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Selling Hope: State Lotteries in America},
Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
Year = {1989},
url = {http://www.pubpol.duke.edu/people/faculty/clotfelter/index.html},
Key = {fds266475}
}
@book{fds47338,
Title = {Vice},
Journal = {Law and Contemporary Problems},
Editor = {PJ Cook},
Year = {1988},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0023-9186%28198824%2951%3A1%3C1%3AAITV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F},
Key = {fds47338}
}
@book{fds266347,
Author = {Cook, P},
Title = {Robbery in the United States an analysis of recent trends
and patterns},
Pages = {32 pages},
Publisher = {National Institute of Justice},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds266347}
}
@book{fds47423,
Author = {PJ Cook},
Title = {Robbery in the United States},
Publisher = {National Institute of Justice},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds47423}
}
@book{fds47422,
Title = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science},
Series = {Issue entitled "Gun Control"},
Editor = {PJ Cook},
Year = {1981},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds47422}
}
@book{fds266348,
Author = {Blose, J and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Regulating Handgun Transfers Current State and Federal
Procedures, and an Assessment of the Feasibility and Cost of
the Proposed Procedures in the Handgun Crime Control Act of
1979},
Pages = {136 pages},
Publisher = {Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, Duke
University},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds266348}
}
@book{fds266343,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Nagin, D},
Title = {Does the Weapon Matter? An Evaluation of a Weapon Emphasis
Policy in the Prosecution of Violent Offenders},
Publisher = {Institute of Law and Social Research},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds266343}
}
@book{fds266349,
Author = {Vaupel, JW and Cook, P},
Title = {Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Self-hazardous
Behavior},
Pages = {158 pages},
Publisher = {Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, Duke
University},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds266349}
}
@book{fds266350,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Austin, J and Levi, R},
Title = {A Summary of State Legal Codes Governing Juvenile
Delinquency Proceedings},
Publisher = {Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, Duke
University},
Year = {1977},
Key = {fds266350}
}
@book{fds266421,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Criminal Process in the Seventies},
Volume = {41},
Number = {1},
Editor = {Pye, AK and Cook, PJ},
Year = {1977},
Month = {Winter},
Key = {fds266421}
}
@book{fds266351,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Fischer, GW},
Title = {Citizen Cooperation with the Criminal Justice
System},
Pages = {158 pages},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds266351}
}
@book{fds289583,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Valuing Lives},
Volume = {40},
Pages = {17-22},
Editor = {Cook, PJ},
Year = {1976},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0023-9186(197623)40:4%3C1:F%3E2.0CO;2-E},
Abstract = {In the history and traditions of India, the river plays an
overwhelming role - shaping her economy and the culture. All
old civilisations were cradled in river valleys. But the
importance of a river in a tropical country with a
nine-month dry period led to the symbolism of river as the
life-giver, the concept of Ganga - the mother and provider.
Lately, modern industrialism, population expansion and
over-exploitation have caused serious degradation to the
country's river systems. Whereas development has brought in
benefits, it has also imposed environmental costs, normally
not entered in the books of cost-benefit. The river for the
Indian society has been extremely valuable; it remains so
and will remain more so in the future, for development and
sustainability of the civilisation. River provides both use
values and non-use values. The use value is derived out of
direct uses like in irrigation, drinking water usage or
power generation. The indirect uses are from maintenance of
ground water, deposition of silts during flooding and
maintaining the fertility of the soil, moderation of the
microclimate etc. The non-use value is derived in form of
its scenic significance and the religious and cultural
importance to the Indian civilisation. The intention in this
paper is to provide a theoretical and methodological
foundation to valuing the river in all its tangibles and
intangibles. This is likely to help in evaluating projects
as well as in decision making about social investments in
their preservation, conservation and wherever necessary, in
re-generation of the river systems.},
Key = {fds289583}
}
@book{fds266352,
Author = {Cook, PJ and University of California and BIOIR and Administration,
USDOLM},
Title = {The effect of legitimate opportunities on the probability of
parolee recidivism},
Pages = {96 pages},
Year = {1971},
Key = {fds266352}
}
%% Book Reviews
@article{fds214742,
Author = {P.J. Cook},
Title = {Craig Whitney's Living With Guns},
Journal = {New York Times},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds214742}
}
@article{fds157262,
Author = {P.J. Cook},
Title = {The Economics of Crime by Harold Winter},
Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds157262}
}
@article{fds266353,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Economics of Crime: An introduction to rational crime
analysis by Harold Winter},
Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
Volume = {47},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0364-281X},
Key = {fds266353}
}
@article{fds303083,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Demand for Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana:
International Evidence by S. Selvanathan and E.A.
Selvanathan},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {102},
Pages = {830-830},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {1360-0443},
Key = {fds303083}
}
@article{fds303084,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Can Gun Control Work? by James B. Jacobs},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {23 (1)},
Number = {Winter},
Pages = {198-201},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {1520-6688},
Key = {fds303084}
}
@article{fds303085,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Drug War Heresies by Robert J. MacCoun and Peter
Reuter},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {21 (2)},
Number = {Spring},
Pages = {303-306},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {1520-6688},
Key = {fds303085}
}
@article{fds266358,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {What Price Fame? by Tyler Cowen},
Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
Pages = {933-935},
Year = {2001},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0364-281X},
Key = {fds266358}
}
@article{fds303086,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Cost-Benefit Analysis of Heroin Maintenance Treatment by
Felix Gutzwiller and Thomas Steffen},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {96},
Pages = {1071-1072},
Publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {1360-0443},
Key = {fds303086}
}
@article{fds266359,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Reducing Firearm Injury and Death: A public health
sourcebook on guns by Trudy Ann Karlson and Stephen W.
Hargarten},
Journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
Publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1533-4406},
Key = {fds266359}
}
@article{fds266361,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America by Gary
Kleck},
Journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
Publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},
Year = {1994},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1533-4406},
Key = {fds266361}
}
@article{fds266360,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Smoking Policy: Law Politics and Culture, Robert L. Rabin
and Stephen D. Sugarman, eds.},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {262},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds266360}
}
@article{fds266363,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Confronting Drunk Driving: Social Policy for Saving Lives by
H. Lawrence Ross},
Journal = {Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law},
Volume = {18 (1)},
Number = {Spring},
Pages = {235-237},
Publisher = {Duke University Press},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {1527-1927},
Key = {fds266363}
}
@article{fds266362,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Costs of Poor Health Habits by Willard Manning et.
al.},
Journal = {The Costs of Poor Health Habits in Policy
Currents},
Volume = {2 (4)},
Number = {November},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds266362}
}
@article{fds266364,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Against Excess: Drug Policy for Results by Mark A.R. Kleiman
and The Search for Rational Drug Control Policy by Franklin
E. Zimring and Gordon Hawkins},
Journal = {The Search for Rational Drug Control Policy in Journal of
Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {11 (4)},
Number = {Fall},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds266364}
}
@article{fds266365,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Drugs and Crime, Michael Tonry and Norval Morris,
eds.},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {10 (3)},
Number = {Summer},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {1520-6688},
Key = {fds266365}
}
@article{fds266366,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Social Control of the Drinking Driver, Michael D. Laurence,
John R. Snortum, and Franklin Zimring. eds.},
Journal = {Science},
Year = {1988},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds266366}
}
@article{fds266367,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Choosing the Right Pond: Human Behavior and the Quest for
Status by Robert H. Frank},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Number = {Fall},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {1520-6688},
Key = {fds266367}
}
@article{fds266368,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Deterring the Drinking Driver by Laurence
Ross},
Journal = {Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law},
Number = {Winter},
Pages = {958-961},
Year = {1983},
Abstract = {Also published in Popular Government, Winter 1983, 37
38.},
Key = {fds266368}
}
@article{fds266369,
Author = {Cook, PJ and White, A},
Title = {Economic Models of Criminal Behavior by John
Heineke},
Journal = {Southern economic journal},
Number = {April},
Pages = {1255-1257},
Publisher = {Southern Economic Association},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0038-4038},
Key = {fds266369}
}
@article{fds266370,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Prisoners Among Us by David T. Stanley},
Journal = {Policy analysis},
Number = {Winter},
Pages = {139-141},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0098-2067},
Key = {fds266370}
}
@article{fds266371,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Public Policy Evaluation by Kenneth Dolbeare},
Journal = {Policy analysis},
Number = {Fall},
Pages = {604-606},
Year = {1977},
ISSN = {0098-2067},
Key = {fds266371}
}
@article{fds266372,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence by Jack P.
Gibbs},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds266372}
}
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds375283,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Lopez, J},
Title = {Explaining the Extraordinary Decline in Chicago’s Homicide
Arrest Rates, 1965 to 1994 and Beyond: Trends in Case Mix
Versus Standards for Arrest},
Journal = {Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice},
Volume = {40},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-112},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10439862231219470},
Abstract = {Chicago’s homicide arrest rate dropped from 91% in 1965 to
57% in 1994 and dropped still lower in recent years. This
pattern mirrors the trend in the national homicide clearance
rate. A plausible explanation for this great decline is the
trend in homicide case mix, which arguably has made it
intrinsically more difficult to solve homicide cases. Our
analysis describes the change in case mix for the period
1965 to 2020 and analyzes the effect on the arrest rate for
the first 30 years of this period, all by use of a unique
homicide case microdata set. We document the large changes
in case mix: for example, the percentage of all homicides in
which a male victim was shot outdoors increased from 18%
(1965) to 69% (2020). But the change in case mix does not
account for Chicago’s great decline during the earlier
decades, as we demonstrate by use of a novel arrest rate
index. In fact, the arrest rates in each of the categories
defined by location, sex, and weapon type exhibited similar
declines through 1994. (Subsequent years of arrest data are
unavailable for now.) Our preferred explanation for the
great decline is that the operational standard for making an
arrest increased during this period. That interpretation is
well supported by evidence explaining the corresponding
national trend, though direct evidence is lacking for
Chicago. This interpretation challenges the use of the
arrest rate as a police performance indicator and offers a
positive interpretation of the great decline.},
Doi = {10.1177/10439862231219470},
Key = {fds375283}
}
@article{fds376103,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Mancik, A},
Title = {The Sixty-Year Trajectory of Homicide Clearance Rates:
Toward a Better Understanding of the Great
Decline},
Journal = {Annual Review of Criminology},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {59-83},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-022422-122744},
Abstract = {In 1962, the FBI reported a national homicide clearance rate
of 93%. That rate dropped 29 points by 1994. This Great
Decline has been studied and accepted as a real phenomenon
but remains mysterious, as does the period of relative
stability that followed. The decline was shared across
regions and all city sizes but differed greatly among
categories defined by victim race and weapon type. Gun
homicides with Black victims accounted for most of the
decline. We review the evidence on several possible
explanations for the national decline, including those
pertaining to case mix, investigation resources, and citizen
cooperation. Our preferred explanation includes an upward
trend in the standard for arrest, with strong evidence that
although clearance-by-arrest rates declined, the likelihood
of conviction and prison sentence actually increased. That
result has obvious implications for the history of policing
practice and for the validity of the usual clearance rate as
a police performance measure.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-criminol-022422-122744},
Key = {fds376103}
}
@article{fds350093,
Author = {Zang, E and Tan, PL and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Sibling Spillovers: Having an Academically Successful Older
Sibling May be More Important for Children in Disadvantaged
Families.},
Journal = {AJS; American journal of sociology},
Volume = {128},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1529-1571},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/724723},
Abstract = {This paper examines causal sibling spillover effects among
students from different family backgrounds in elementary and
middle school. Family backgrounds are captured by race,
household structure, mothers' educational attainment, and
school poverty. Exploiting discontinuities in school
starting age created by North Carolina school-entry laws, we
adopt a quasi-experimental approach and compare test scores
of public school students whose older siblings were born
shortly before and after the school-entry cutoff date. We
find that individuals whose older siblings were born shortly
after the school-entry cutoff date have significantly higher
test scores in middle school, and that this positive
spillover effect is particularly strong in disadvantaged
families. We estimate that the spillover effect accounts for
approximately one third of observed statistical associations
in test scores between siblings, and the magnitude is much
larger for disadvantaged families. Our results suggest that
spillover effects from older to younger siblings may lead to
greater divergence in academic outcomes and economic
inequality between families.},
Doi = {10.1086/724723},
Key = {fds350093}
}
@article{fds357520,
Author = {Guryan, J and Ludwig, J and Bhatt, MP and Cook, PJ and Davis, JMV and Dodge, K and Farkas, G and Fryer, RG and Mayer, S and Pollack, H and Steinberg, L and Stoddard, G},
Title = {Not Too Late: Improving Academic Outcomes among
Adolescents},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {113},
Number = {3},
Pages = {738-765},
Publisher = {American Economic Association},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210434},
Abstract = {Improving academic outcomes for economically disadvantaged
students has proven challenging, particularly for children
at older ages. We present two large-scale randomized
controlled trials of a high-dosage tutoring program
delivered to secondary school students in Chicago. One
innovation is to use paraprofessional tutors to hold down
cost, thereby increasing scalability. Participating in math
tutoring increases math test scores by 0.18 to 0.40 standard
deviations and increases math and nonmath course grades.
These effects persist into future years. The data are
consistent with increased personalization of instruction as
a mechanism. The benefit- cost ratio is comparable to many
successful early childhood programs.(JEL H75, I21, I24, I26,
I32, J13, J15).},
Doi = {10.1257/aer.20210434},
Key = {fds357520}
}
@article{fds364018,
Author = {Barber, C and Cook, PJ and Parker, ST},
Title = {The emerging infrastructure of US firearms injury
data.},
Journal = {Preventive medicine},
Volume = {165},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {107129},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107129},
Abstract = {For every fatal shooting in the United States, detailed
information from reports of coroners or medical examiners,
police departments, and other sources is recorded in the
National Violent Death Reporting System. There is no such
system in place for nonfatal shootings, which far outnumber
fatalities. Hospital data systems are in place that could,
with some improvements, provide access to reliable local,
state and national estimates of firearm injuries. Such
estimates are possible because most firearms injuries are
treated in hospitals, and hospitals routinely assign
"external cause of injury" codes to all injury encounters.
Federal health agencies supervise a number of data systems
that centralize hospital data. Challenges currently being
addressed are public access, timeliness, and accuracy of
coding of intent. (Hospitals misclassify many firearm
assaults as accidents.) Law enforcement agencies provide
detailed data on shootings in criminal circumstances,
including shootings that are not treated in a hospital. The
FBI's Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) system aggregates data
from agencies. The FBI instituted a radical reform of this
system beginning in 2021, resulting in a sharp agency
participation drop that prevents valid national estimates.
The reform requires agencies to report incident-level data
instead of summary counts, which is all that was required
for the previous 90 years. There are ongoing efforts to
increase participation in the new system and restore its
former status as the leading source of national crime
estimates. In the meantime, data on nonfatal gunshot cases
are available from a number of police departments. We
discuss additional reforms needed to generate timely,
accurate, publicly accessible data from hospitals and
police.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107129},
Key = {fds364018}
}
@article{fds368417,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Parker, ST},
Title = {Correcting Misinformation on Firearms Injuries.},
Journal = {JAMA network open},
Volume = {5},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e2246434},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46434},
Doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46434},
Key = {fds368417}
}
@article{fds367848,
Author = {Gibson, JA and Gebhardt, MJ and Santos, RERS and Dove, SL and Watnick,
PI},
Title = {Sequestration of a dual function DNA-binding protein by
Vibrio cholerae CRP.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {46},
Pages = {e2210115119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210115119},
Abstract = {Although the mechanism by which the cyclic AMP receptor
protein (CRP) regulates global gene transcription has been
intensively studied for decades, new discoveries remain to
be made. Here, we report that, during rapid growth, CRP
associates with both the well-conserved, dual-function
DNA-binding protein peptidase A (PepA) and the cell
membrane. These interactions are not present under
nutrient-limited growth conditions, due to
post-translational modification of three lysines on a single
face of CRP. Although coincident DNA binding is rare,
dissociation from CRP results in increased PepA occupancy at
many chromosomal binding sites and differential regulation
of hundreds of genes, including several encoding cyclic
dinucleotide phosphodiesterases. We show that PepA represses
biofilm formation and activates motility/chemotaxis. We
propose a model in which membrane-bound CRP interferes with
PepA DNA binding. Under nutrient limitation, PepA is
released. Together, CRP and free PepA activate a
transcriptional response that impels the bacterium to seek a
more hospitable environment. This work uncovers a function
for CRP in the sequestration of a regulatory protein. More
broadly, it describes a paradigm of bacterial transcriptome
modulation through metabolically regulated association of
transcription factors with the cell membrane.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2210115119},
Key = {fds367848}
}
@article{fds371408,
Author = {Braga, AA and Cook, PJ and Douglas, S},
Title = {Prevention Strategies for Policing Gun Violence},
Journal = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science},
Volume = {704},
Number = {1},
Pages = {158-180},
Year = {2022},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162231164481},
Abstract = {The police have the unique capacity to preempt and deter
violence and to reduce the use of firearms in violent
encounters. But overly aggressive policing tactics have
contributed to a fraught relationship with low-income
minority communities in which gun violence is heavily
concentrated. Increased resources should be devoted to
policing gun violence, but efforts of this sort must be
targeted and disciplined. Effective policing requires a
focus on the places and people that are at greatest risk;
and there is a strong case for police agencies to increase
the resources devoted to investigations of all criminal
shootings, not just homicides. Successful policing of gun
violence requires a productive working relationship with
victims and their neighbors, which can be facilitated
through observing community policing principles and respect
for residents’ interests.},
Doi = {10.1177/00027162231164481},
Key = {fds371408}
}
@article{fds367305,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Donohue, JJ},
Title = {Regulating Assault Weapons and Large-Capacity Magazines for
Ammunition.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {328},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1191-1192},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.17120},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.2022.17120},
Key = {fds367305}
}
@article{fds364256,
Author = {Donohue, JJ and Cai, S and Bondy, M and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Why Does Right-to-Carry Cause Violent Crime to
Increase?},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds364256}
}
@article{fds363121,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Parker, ST},
Title = {Reducing Misuse of Handguns by Rural Youth-Focus on the
Parents.},
Journal = {JAMA network open},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e225136},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5136},
Doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5136},
Key = {fds363121}
}
@article{fds362023,
Author = {Gibson, JM and MacDonald, JM and Fisher, M and Chen, X and Pawlick, A and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Early life lead exposure from private well water increases
juvenile delinquency risk among US teens.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {119},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e2110694119},
Year = {2022},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110694119},
Abstract = {Early life exposure to environmental lead (Pb) has been
linked to decreased IQ, behavior problems, lower lifetime
earnings, and increased criminal activity. Beginning in the
1970s, limits on Pb in paint, gasoline, food cans, and
regulated water utilities sharply curtailed US environmental
Pb exposure. Nonetheless, hundreds of thousands of US
children remain at risk. This study reports on how
unregulated private well water is an underrecognized Pb
exposure source that is associated with an increased risk of
teenage juvenile delinquency. We build a longitudinal
dataset linking blood Pb measurements for 13,580 children
under age 6 to their drinking water source, individual- and
neighborhood-level demographics, and reported juvenile
delinquency records. We estimate how early life Pb exposure
from private well water influences reported delinquency. On
average, children in homes with unregulated private wells
had 11% higher blood Pb than those with community water
service. This higher blood Pb was significantly associated
with reported delinquency. Compared to children with
community water service, those relying on private wells had
a 21% (95% CI: 5 to 40%) higher risk of being reported for
any delinquency and a 38% (95% CI: 10 to 73%) increased risk
of being reported for serious delinquency after age 14.
These results suggest that there could be substantial but
as-yet-unrecognized social benefits from intervention
programs to prevent children's exposure to Pb from private
wells, on which 13% of the US population
relies.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2110694119},
Key = {fds362023}
}
@article{fds352324,
Author = {Braga, AA and Brunson, RK and Cook, PJ and Turchan, B and Wade,
B},
Title = {Underground Gun Markets and the Flow of Illegal Guns into
the Bronx and Brooklyn: A Mixed Methods Analysis.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {98},
Number = {5},
Pages = {596-608},
Year = {2021},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00477-z},
Abstract = {New York City (NYC) has experienced large reductions in
violent crime over the last two decades, but gun-related
violence continues to pose a threat to public safety.
Despite strong gun laws, high-risk individuals in NYC
neighborhoods are unfortunately still able to access and
misuse firearms. This research analyzes NYC's underground
gun market by closely examining the flow of guns into the
two boroughs where gun violence and crime gun recoveries are
most prevalent: the Bronx and Brooklyn. A mixed methods
approach is utilized that consists of an assessment of
firearms trace data and in-depth interviews with individuals
considered to be at high risk for involvement in gun
violence. Findings suggest that guns recovered in the Bronx
and Brooklyn were significantly more likely to originate in
states with less restrictive gun laws and more likely to
have changed ownership in unregulated transactions relative
to guns recovered elsewhere in NYC. Interviews revealed
three primary avenues for illegal guns reaching Bronx and
Brooklyn neighborhoods: high-volume gun brokers, middlemen,
and individuals who make episodic low-level acquisitions
from straw purchasers in other states. No subjects
identified theft as a meaningful source of crime
guns.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-020-00477-z},
Key = {fds352324}
}
@article{fds357519,
Author = {Guryan, J and Ludwig, J and Bhatt, M and Cook, PJ and Davis, JMV and Dodge,
K and Farkas, G and Fryer, RG and Mayer, S and Pollack, HA and Steinberg,
L},
Title = {Not Too Late: Improving Academic Outcomes Among
Adolescents},
Journal = {University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for
Economics Working Paper},
Number = {2021},
Year = {2021},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds357519}
}
@article{fds354309,
Author = {White, K and Cook, PJ and Pollack, HA},
Title = {Gunshot-victim cooperation with police investigations:
Results from the Chicago Inmate Survey.},
Journal = {Preventive medicine},
Volume = {143},
Pages = {106381},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106381},
Abstract = {Just one in ten nonfatal shootings in Chicago lead to an
arrest. Unlike in fatal cases, gunshot victims who survive
can often provide information of use in the police
investigation. Nonetheless, nonfatal shooting cases in
Chicago and elsewhere have much lower arrest rates than
fatal cases, in part because most victims do not cooperate.
We use data from the Chicago Inmate Survey (CIS) to analyze
the potential value that gunshot-victim cooperation could
have for increasing arrest rates. Half of CIS respondents
reported they had been shot before. Very few cooperated with
police investigations of these shootings, although at least
half of them could have provided useful information. In
fact, victims were more likely to speak with the police when
they did not have any information on their shooter.
Respondents explained their choice not to cooperate by
reference to "street codes" against snitching, mistrust of
the police, and the desire to retaliate against the shooter
personally. If more shooting victims could be persuaded to
cooperate, the police could solve more cases and hence be
more effective in curtailing gun violence.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106381},
Key = {fds354309}
}
@article{fds357489,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Berglund, A},
Title = {More and better video evidence for police investigations of
shootings: Chicago's area technology centers},
Journal = {Policing},
Volume = {44},
Number = {4},
Pages = {655-668},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-12-2020-0186},
Abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the
creation, implementation, activities and rationale for the
Area Technology Centers (ATCs), an innovation adopted by the
Chicago Police Department’s (CPD’s) Bureau of Detectives
(BoD) in 2019 for the purpose of supporting investigations
of crimes of serious violence by deploying specialized teams
of officers to gather and process video and digital
evidence. Design/methodology/approach: This case study
utilizes historical information and descriptive data
generated by a record-keeping system adopted by the ATCs.
Findings: The ATCs were developed as a collaboration between
the CPD and the University of Chicago Crime Lab (a research
center). The start-up was funded by a gift from the Griffin
Foundation. Detectives have made extensive use of the
services provided by the ATCs from the beginning, with the
result that homicide and shooting investigations now have
access to more video and digital evidence that has been
processed by state-of-the-art equipment. The CPD has assumed
budget responsibility for the ATCs, which is an indication
of their success. The ATC teams have been assembled by
voluntary transfers by sworn officers, together with an
embedded analyst from the University of Chicago. Practical
implications: The ATC model could be adopted by other large
police departments. The study finds that ATCs can be
effectively staffed by redeploying and training existing
staff and that their operation does not require a budget
increase. Social implications: By arguably making police
investigations of shooting cases more efficient, the ATCs
have the potential to increase the clearance rate and
thereby prevent future gun violence. Originality/value: The
ATCs are a novel response to the challenges of securing and
making good use of video and digital evidence in police
investigations.},
Doi = {10.1108/PIJPSM-12-2020-0186},
Key = {fds357489}
}
@article{fds355589,
Author = {Barao, L and Braga, AA and Turchan, B and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Clearing gang- and drug-involved nonfatal
shootings},
Journal = {Policing},
Volume = {44},
Number = {4},
Pages = {577-590},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-01-2021-0011},
Abstract = {Purpose: Clearance rates for nonfatal shootings, especially
cases involving gang- and drug-related violence, are
disturbingly low in many US cities. Using data from a
previously completed project in Boston, we explore the
prospects for improving gang/drug nonfatal shooting cases by
investing the same investigative effort found in similar
gang/drug gun murder cases. Design/methodology/approach: Our
analyses primarily focus on a sample of 231 nonfatal
shootings that occurred in Boston from 2010 to 2014.
Logistic regressions are first used to analyze differences
in the likelihood of case clearance for gang/drug nonfatal
shooting cases relative to other nonfatal shooting cases.
Independent samples t-tests are then used to compare the
investigative characteristics of these two different kinds
of nonfatal shootings. Next, independent samples t-tests are
used to compare the investigation of gang/drug gun assaults
relative to the investigation of very similar gang/drug gun
homicides. Findings: Results demonstrate that the odds of
clearing gang/drug nonfatal shootings are 77.2% less likely
relative to the odds of clearing nonfatal shootings
resulting from other circumstances. This stark difference in
clearance rates is not driven by diminished investigative
effort, but investigative effort does matter. Relative to
gang/drug gun assaults, gang/drug gun homicides have much
higher clearance rates that are the result of greater
investigative resources and effort that produces
significantly more witnesses and evidence, and generate more
forensic tests and follow-up investigative actions.
Originality/value: Gang- and drug-related violence generates
a bulk of urban nonfatal shootings. Low clearance rates for
nonfatal shootings undermine police efforts to hold
offenders accountable, disrupt cycles of gun violence, and
provide justice to victims. Police should make investments
to improve investigative effort such as handling these cases
with the same vigor as homicide cases.},
Doi = {10.1108/PIJPSM-01-2021-0011},
Key = {fds355589}
}
@article{fds352429,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Thinking about gun violence},
Journal = {Criminology and Public Policy},
Volume = {19},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1371-1393},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12519},
Abstract = {The Stockholm Prize for 2020 was awarded for research on gun
violence and its prevention, and recognizes the growing
depth and scope of this field. I am honored to be a
co-recipient, together with Franklin E. Zimring. This essay
focuses on three of the topics that have been on my agenda
over the course of the last 45 years: how best to
conceptualize and measure the problem of gun violence; the
availability of guns to violent offenders; and how and why
to improve police investigations of criminal shooting
incidents, including assaults and homicides.},
Doi = {10.1111/1745-9133.12519},
Key = {fds352429}
}
@article{fds350982,
Author = {Gibson, JM and Fisher, M and Clonch, A and MacDonald, JM and Cook,
PJ},
Title = {Children drinking private well water have higher blood lead
than those with city water.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {117},
Number = {29},
Pages = {16898-16907},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002729117},
Abstract = {Although the Flint, Michigan, water crisis renewed concerns
about lead (Pb) in city drinking water, little attention has
been paid to Pb in private wells, which provide drinking
water for 13% of the US population. This study evaluates the
risk of Pb exposure in children in households relying on
private wells. It is based on a curated dataset of blood Pb
records from 59,483 North Carolina children matched with
household water source information. We analyze the dataset
for statistical associations between children's blood Pb and
household drinking water source. The analysis shows that
children in homes relying on private wells have 25%
increased odds (95% CI 6.2 to 48%, <i>P</i> < 0.01) of
elevated blood Pb, compared with children in houses served
by a community water system that is regulated under the Safe
Drinking Water Act. This increased Pb exposure is likely a
result of corrosion of household plumbing and well
components, because homes relying on private wells rarely
treat their water to prevent corrosion. In contrast,
corrosion control is required in regulated community water
systems. These findings highlight the need for targeted
outreach to prevent Pb exposure for the 42.5 million
Americans depending on private wells for their drinking
water.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2002729117},
Key = {fds350982}
}
@article{fds366350,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Kang, S},
Title = {Girls to the front: How redshirting and test-score gaps are
affected by a change in the school-entry cut
date},
Journal = {Economics of Education Review},
Volume = {76},
Year = {2020},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101968},
Abstract = {Most states have moved their public-school-entry cut date
forward in recent years. In North Carolina the latest date
by which a matriculant must turn 5 was recently changed from
October 16th to August 31st. Those born in between the old
and new cut dates (the “swing group”), formerly among
the youngest entrants, became the oldest. Utilizing a
comprehensive statewide administrative data set, we
demonstrate that for the swing group the black-white
standardized test-score gaps (3rd and 4th grade) has
narrowed, and the gender gaps changed markedly to favor
girls. These shifts are explained in part by the near
elimination of redshirting for the swing group, and in part
by gender differences in the gain to being
older.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101968},
Key = {fds366350}
}
@article{fds354532,
Author = {Krawiec, K and Cook, P},
Title = {Kidney Donation and the Consent of the Poor},
Journal = {Loyola Law Review},
Volume = {66},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-32},
Year = {2020},
Key = {fds354532}
}
@article{fds343563,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Pollack, HA and White, K},
Title = {The Last Link: from Gun Acquisition to Criminal
Use.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {96},
Number = {5},
Pages = {784-791},
Year = {2019},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00358-0},
Abstract = {Guns that are used in crime and recovered by the police
typically have changed hands often since first retail sale
and are quite old. While there is an extensive literature on
"time to crime" for guns, defined as the elapsed time from
first retail sale to known use in a crime, there is little
information available on the duration of the "last link"-the
elapsed time from the transaction that actually provided the
offender with the gun in question. In this article, we use
data from the new Chicago Inmate Survey (CIS) to estimate
the duration of the last link. The median is just 2 months.
Many of the gun-involved respondents to the CIS (42%) did
not have any gun 6 months prior to their arrest for the
current crime. The CIS respondents were almost all barred
from purchasing a gun from a gun store because of their
prior criminal record-as a result, their guns were obtained
by illegal transactions with friends, relatives, and the
underground market. We conclude that more effective
enforcement of the laws governing gun transactions may have
a quick and pervasive effect on gun use in
crime.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-019-00358-0},
Key = {fds343563}
}
@article{fds343387,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {RESPONSE TO COUNTERPOINT: VIOLENCE ITSELF IS A ROOT CAUSE OF
VIOLENCE},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {802-804},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.22142},
Doi = {10.1002/pam.22142},
Key = {fds343387}
}
@article{fds343386,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {UNDERSTANDING GUN VIOLENCE: PUBLIC HEALTH VS. PUBLIC
POLICY},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {788-795},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.22141},
Doi = {10.1002/pam.22141},
Key = {fds343386}
}
@article{fds335163,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The social costs of gun ownership: a reply to Hayo,
Neumeier, and Westphal},
Journal = {Empirical Economics},
Volume = {56},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13-22},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-018-1497-5},
Abstract = {We respond to the new article by Hayo, Neumeier, and
Westphal (HNW), which is a critique of our 2006 article. The
principal contribution of that article was to use a greatly
improved proxy for gun prevalence to estimate the effect of
gun prevalence on homicide rates. While the best available,
our proxy, the ratio of firearms suicides to total suicides
in a jurisdiction (FSS), is subject to measurement error
which limits its use to larger jurisdictions that have
enough suicides to stabilize the ratio. In this response, we
report estimates for four different specifications and two
data sets, the 200-county data and the data for the 50
states. We develop the claim that measurement error in FSS
helps explain the observed pattern of results. Adopting the
assumption that FSS follows a binomial process with a number
of trials equal to the number of suicides, we characterize
the relationship between measurement error and size of the
jurisdiction, and thereby justify our conclusion that
restricting the estimation to large jurisdictions reduces
measurement error in FSS and hence the attenuation bias in
the key coefficient estimate. We conclude that for the
county-level data, the measurement error in FSS is of
greater concern than using a specification that is flexible
with respect to population. HNW focus on the latter but at
the cost of increasing the effects of the former. We then
demonstrate that the state-level data provide a robust case
that more guns lead to more homicides.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00181-018-1497-5},
Key = {fds335163}
}
@article{fds343790,
Author = {Weisburd, D and Majmundar, MK and Aden, H and Braga, A and Bueermann, J and Cook, PJ and Goff, PA and Harmon, RA and Haviland, A and Lum, C and Manski,
C and Mastrofski, S and Meares, T and Nagin, D and Owens, E and Raphael, S and Ratcliffe, J and Tyler, T},
Title = {Proactive Policing: a Summary of the Report of the National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine},
Journal = {Asian Journal of Criminology},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11417-019-09284-1},
Abstract = {This paper provides a summary of our report for the National
Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on proactive
policing. We find that there is sufficient scientific
evidence to support the adoption of many proactive policing
practices if the primary goal is to reduce crime, though the
evidence base generally does not provide long-term or
jurisdictional estimates. In turn, we conclude that crime
prevention outcomes can often be obtained without producing
negative community reactions. However, the most effective
proactive policing strategies do not appear to have strong
positive impacts on citizen perceptions of the police. At
the same time, some community-based strategies have begun to
show evidence of improving the relations between the police
and public. We conclude that there are likely to be large
racial disparities in the volume and nature of
police–citizen encounters when police target high-risk
people or high-risk places, as is common in many proactive
policing programs. We could not conclude whether such
disparities are due to statistical prediction, racial
animus, implicit bias, or other causes.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11417-019-09284-1},
Key = {fds343790}
}
@article{fds345654,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Braga, AA and Turchan, BS and Barao,
LM},
Title = {Why do gun murders have a higher clearance rate than gunshot
assaults?},
Journal = {Criminology and Public Policy},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {525-551},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12451},
Abstract = {Research Summary: The prevailing view is that follow-up
investigations are of limited value as crimes are primarily
cleared by patrol officers making on-scene arrests and
through the presence of eyewitnesses and forensic evidence
at the initial crime scene. We use a quasi-experimental
design to compare investigative resources invested in
clearing gun homicide cases relative to nonfatal gun
assaults in Boston. We find the large gap in clearances (43%
for gun murders vs. 19% for nonfatal gun assaults) is
primarily a result of sustained investigative effort in
homicide cases made after the first 2 days. Policy
Implications: Police departments should invest additional
resources in the investigation of nonfatal gun assaults.
When additional investigative effort is expended, law
enforcement improves its success in gaining the cooperation
of key witnesses and increases the amount of forensic
evidence collected and analyzed. In turn, the capacity of
the police to hold violent gun offenders accountable,
deliver justice to victims, and prevent future gun attacks
is enhanced.},
Doi = {10.1111/1745-9133.12451},
Key = {fds345654}
}
@article{fds339874,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Expanding the Public Health Approach to Gun Violence
Prevention.},
Journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
Volume = {169},
Number = {10},
Pages = {723-724},
Year = {2018},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m18-2846},
Doi = {10.7326/m18-2846},
Key = {fds339874}
}
@article{fds337404,
Author = {Braga AA, and Cook PJ},
Title = {The association of firearm caliber with likelihood of death
from gunshot injury in criminal assaults},
Journal = {JAMA Network Open},
Volume = {1},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e180833},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2688536},
Abstract = {Importance A foundational issue in firearms policy has been
whether the type of weapon used in an assault affects the
likelihood of death.Objective To determine whether the
likelihood of death from gunshot wounds inflicted in
criminal assaults is associated with the power of the
assailant’s firearm as indicated by its caliber.Design,
Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study with
multivariate analysis of data on shooting cases extracted by
the authors from police investigation files for assaults
that took place in Boston, Massachusetts, between January 1,
2010, and December 31, 2014. These data were analyzed
between October 1, 2017, and February 18, 2018. In all cases
the victim sustained 1 or more gunshot wounds in
circumstances that the Boston Police Department deemed
criminal. The working sample included all 221 gun homicides
and a stratified random sample of 300 nonfatal cases drawn
from the 1012 that occurred during the 5-year period. Seven
nonfatal cases were omitted because they had been
misclassified.Exposures The primary source of variation was
the caliber of the firearm used to shoot the victim.Main
Outcomes and Measures Whether the victim died from the
gunshot wound(s).Results The final sample of 511 gunshot
victims and survivors (n = 220 fatal; n = 291
nonfatal) was predominantly male (n = 470 [92.2%]),
black (n = 413 [80.8%]) or Hispanic (n = 69
[13.5%]), and young (mean [SD] age, 26.8 [9.4] years).
Police investigations determined firearm caliber in 184
nonfatal cases (63.2%) and 183 fatal cases (83.2%). These
367 cases were divided into 3 groups by caliber: small (.22,
.25, and .32), medium (.38, .380, and 9 mm), or large (.357
magnum, .40, .44 magnum, .45, 10 mm, and 7.62 × 39 mm).
Firearm caliber had no systematic association with the
number of wounds, the location of wounds, circumstances of
the assault, or victim characteristics, as demonstrated by
χ2 tests of each cluster of variables and by a
comprehensive multinomial logit analysis. A logit analysis
of the likelihood of death found that compared with
small-caliber cases, medium caliber had an odds ratio of
2.25 (95% CI, 1.37-3.70; P = .001) and large caliber had
an odds ratio of 4.54 (95% CI, 2.37-8.70; P < .001).
Based on a simulation using the logit equation, replacing
the medium- and large-caliber guns with small-caliber guns
would have reduced gun homicides by 39.5%.Conclusions and
Relevance Firearms caliber was associated with the
likelihood of death from gunshot wounds in criminal assault.
Shootings with larger-caliber handguns were more deadly but
no more sustained or accurate than shootings with
smaller-caliber handguns. This conclusion is of direct
relevance to the design of gun policy.},
Doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0833},
Key = {fds337404}
}
@article{fds335164,
Author = {Smucker, S and Kerber, RE and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Suicide and Additional Homicides Associated with Intimate
Partner Homicide: North Carolina 2004-2013.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {95},
Number = {3},
Pages = {337-343},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-0252-8},
Abstract = {Intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a critical public health
and safety issue in the USA. In this study, we determine the
prevalence and correlates of perpetrator suicide and
additional homicides following intimate partner homicide
(IPH) in a large, diverse state with high quality data. We
extract IPHs from the North Carolina Violent Death Reporting
System for 2004-2013 and identify suicides and other
homicides that were part of the same incidents. We analyze
the likelihood (in odds ration form) of perpetrator suicide
and additional homicides using logistic regression analysis.
Almost all IPH-suicide cases were by men with guns (86.6%).
Almost one-half of IPHs committed by men with guns ended
with suicide. Male-perpetrated IPH incidents averaged 1.58
deaths if a gun was used, and 1.14 deaths otherwise. It is
well-known that gun access increases the chance that a
violent domestic relationship will end in death. The current
findings demonstrate that gun IPH is often coupled with
additional killings. As suicidal batterers will not be
deterred from IPH by threat of punishment, the results
underline the importance of preemption by limiting
batterers' access to guns.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-018-0252-8},
Key = {fds335164}
}
@article{fds333796,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Gun Theft and Crime.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {95},
Number = {3},
Pages = {305-312},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-0253-7},
Abstract = {Some law enforcement officials and other observers have
asserted that theft is the primary source of guns to crime.
In fact, the role of theft in supplying the guns used in
robbery, assault, and murder is unknown, and current
evidence provides little guidance about whether an effective
program to reduce gun theft would reduce gun violence. The
current article analyzes publicly available national data on
gun theft together with a unique data set for Chicago. The
results tend to support a conclusion that stolen guns play
only a minor role in crime. First, publicly available data
are used to calculate that thefts are only about 1% of all
gun transactions nationwide. Second, an analysis of original
data from Chicago demonstrates that less than 3% of crime
guns recovered by the police have been reported stolen to
the Chicago Police Department (CPD). If a gun is reported
stolen, there is a 20% chance that it will be recovered,
usually in conjunction with an arrest for illegal carrying.
Less than half of those picked up with a stolen gun have a
criminal record that includes violent offenses. Third,
results from surveys of convicted criminals, both nationally
and in Chicago, suggest that it is rare for respondents to
have stolen the gun used in their most recent crime. The
data on which these results are based have various
shortcomings. A research agenda is proposed that would
provide more certainty about the role of
theft.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-018-0253-7},
Key = {fds333796}
}
@article{fds335165,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Challenge of Firearms Control in a Free Society},
Journal = {Criminology and Public Policy},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {437-451},
Year = {2018},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12359},
Abstract = {Chapter 10 of The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society,
titled “Control of Firearms,” is a brief but strong
statement in support of regulating gun transactions,
possession, and carrying, with several specific
recommendations, including the adoption of universal gun
registration and permit-to-purchase requirements. The U.S.
President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration
of Justice, when writing the chapter, had no systematic
research to draw on. Since its publication in 1967, the
field of gun violence has become an active area of research,
and much has been learned. But the nation has become far
more polarized politically during the last 50 years, and gun
policy has become a rigidly partisan issue. A new commission
would have great difficulty reaching consensus, although
there may be common ground on regulating guns vis-à-vis
mental illness and domestic violence.},
Doi = {10.1111/1745-9133.12359},
Key = {fds335165}
}
@article{fds335166,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Kang, S},
Title = {The School-Entry-Age Rule Affects Redshirting Patterns and
Resulting Disparities in Achievement},
Year = {2018},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds335166}
}
@article{fds333797,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Gun markets},
Journal = {Annual Review of Criminology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {379-400},
Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092149},
Abstract = {The systematic study of how available weapons influence the
rates, patterns, and outcomes of criminal violence is new,
but it is now a well-established and fast-growing subfield
in criminology, legal studies, public health, and economics.
This review focuses on the transactions that arm dangerous
offenders, noting that if those transactions could be
effectively curtailed it would have an immediate and
profound effect on gun violence and homicide rates. Guns are
legal commodities, but violent offenders typically obtain
their guns by illegal means. Our knowledge of these
transactions comes primarily from trace data on guns
recovered by the police and from occasional surveys of
gun-involved offenders. Because most guns used in crime are
sourced from the stock of guns in private hands (rather than
a purchase from a licensed dealer), the local prevalence of
gun ownership appears to influence the transaction costs and
the proportions of robberies and assaults committed with
guns rather than knives or other weapons. Nonetheless,
regulations that govern licensed dealers have been linked to
trafficking patterns and in some cases to the use of guns in
crime.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092149},
Key = {fds333797}
}
@article{fds335167,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Krawiec, K},
Title = {If We Pay Football Players, Why Not Kidney
Donors?},
Journal = {Regulation},
Volume = {41},
Pages = {12-17},
Publisher = {Cato Institute},
Year = {2018},
Abstract = {Ethicists who oppose compensating kidney donors claim they
do so because kidney donation is risky for the donor’s
health, donors may not appreciate the risks and may be
cognitively biased in other ways, and donors may come from
disadvantaged groups and thus could be exploited. However,
few ethical qualms are raised about professional football
players, who face much greater health risks than kidney
donors, have much less counseling and screening concerning
that risk, and who often come from racial and economic
groups deemed disadvantaged. It thus seems that either
ethicists—and the law—should ban both professional
football and compensated organ donation, allow both, or
allow compensated organ donation but prohibit professional
football. The fact that we choose none of those options
raises questions about the wisdom of the compensation
ban},
Key = {fds335167}
}
@article{fds330821,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Donohue, JJ},
Title = {Saving lives by regulating guns: Evidence for
policy},
Journal = {Science},
Volume = {358},
Number = {6368},
Pages = {1259},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3067},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aar3067},
Key = {fds330821}
}
@article{fds330368,
Author = {Sorensen, LC and Cook, PJ and Dodge, KA},
Title = {From Parents to Peers: Trajectories in Sources of Academic
Influence Grades 4 to 8},
Journal = {Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis},
Volume = {39},
Number = {4},
Pages = {697-711},
Publisher = {American Educational Research Association
(AERA)},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373717708335},
Abstract = {Prior research and anecdotal evidence from educators suggest
that classroom peers play a meaningful role in how students
learn. However, the literature has failed to consider the
dynamic and context-dependent nature of classroom peer
influence. Developmental psychology theories suggest that
peer influence will increase and family influence will
decrease as children enter adolescence. This study uses rich
administrative data from North Carolina in 2006 to 2012,
matching students to all peers in each of their courses in
third through eighth grades. The analysis identifies trends
in the magnitude of classroom peer effects across grade
levels, with special attention to controlling for
confounding factors such as simultaneous influence,
student–classroom sorting, nonlinearity, and school-type
effects. Consistent with psychological theories about
adolescence, our findings indicate that the effect of
average peer quality multiplies by a factor of nearly 3 for
reading and 5 for math between fourth grade and seventh
grade; contemporaneously, family socioeconomic status
effects on academic performance nearly vanish by the end of
middle school. We uncover additional evidence that ability
grouping, while often harmful in an elementary school
setting, becomes increasingly beneficial in later
grades—particularly for math subjects.},
Doi = {10.3102/0162373717708335},
Key = {fds330368}
}
@article{fds330369,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Rivera-Aguirre, AE and Cerdá, M and Wintemute,
G},
Title = {Cook et al. Respond.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {107},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e23},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.304101},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2017.304101},
Key = {fds330369}
}
@article{fds330174,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Dodge, KA and Gifford, EJ and Schulting,
AB},
Title = {A new program to prevent primary school absenteeism: Results
of a pilot study in five schools},
Journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
Volume = {82},
Pages = {262-270},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.017},
Abstract = {Frequent absences in the primary grades are associated with
school disengagement, academic failure, and eventual
dropout. The Early Truancy Prevention Project (ETPP) was
designed to improve attendance of primary-grade children by
facilitating communication between teachers and parents and
giving the teachers the lead role in intervening with
students when attendance problems emerge. In 2013–14, the
current version of ETPP was implemented in 20 classrooms in
five high-poverty public elementary schools, with 21 other
classrooms in the same schools serving as controls. Our
analysis of attendance data indicated that ETPP
significantly reduced the prevalence of absenteeism without
excessively burdening teachers. Teachers reported improved
communication between parents and teachers and had a
positive assessment of the effects of specific program
elements.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.017},
Key = {fds330174}
}
@article{fds330371,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Rivera-Aguirre, AE and Cerdá, M and Wintemute,
G},
Title = {RE: "The hidden epidemic of firearm injury: Increasing
firearm injury rates during 2001-2013".},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {186},
Number = {7},
Pages = {896},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx279},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwx279},
Key = {fds330371}
}
@article{fds339876,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Pollack, HA},
Title = {Reducing access to guns by violent offenders},
Journal = {RSF},
Volume = {3},
Number = {5},
Pages = {2-36},
Publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2017.3.5.01},
Doi = {10.7758/rsf.2017.3.5.01},
Key = {fds339876}
}
@article{fds326876,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Rivera-Aguirre, AE and Cerdá, M and Wintemute,
G},
Title = {Constant Lethality of Gunshot Injuries From Firearm Assault:
United States, 2003-2012.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {107},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1324-1328},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.303837},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate the validity of the
apparent downward trend in the national case-fatality rate
for gunshot wounds from assault.<h4>Methods</h4>We
reanalyzed the estimated annual number of nonfatal firearm
injuries the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System
reported from 2003 to 2012. We adjusted the estimates for
discontinuities created by the substitution of 1 hospital
for another in the sample and for a downward trend in the
percentage of gunshot injuries classified as "unknown
circumstance." Firearm homicide data are from the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Web-based Injury
Statistics Query and Reporting System.<h4>Results</h4>The
unadjusted National Electronic Injury Surveillance System
estimate increased by 49%, yielding a decline in the
case-fatality rate from 25% to 18%. Our adjustments
eliminated these trends; the case-fatality rate was 22% in
both 2003 and 2012.<h4>Conclusions</h4>With reasonable
adjustments, the trend in nonfatal injuries from
interpersonal firearms assault tracks the flat trend in
firearms homicides, suggesting that there was no increase in
firearms violence during this period. The case-fatality rate
did not change, and trauma care improvements did not
influence the firearms homicide trend.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2017.303837},
Key = {fds326876}
}
@article{fds323617,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {At Last, a Good Estimate of the Magnitude of the
Private-Sale Loophole for Firearms.},
Journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
Volume = {166},
Number = {4},
Pages = {301-302},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m16-2819},
Doi = {10.7326/m16-2819},
Key = {fds323617}
}
@article{fds324190,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Deadly force.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {355},
Number = {6327},
Pages = {803},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5966},
Doi = {10.1126/science.aam5966},
Key = {fds324190}
}
@article{fds321553,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Behavioral Science Critique of HOPE},
Journal = {Criminology and Public Policy},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1155-1161},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12256},
Doi = {10.1111/1745-9133.12256},
Key = {fds321553}
}
@article{fds317724,
Author = {Webster, DW and Cerdá, M and Wintemute, GJ and Cook,
PJ},
Title = {Epidemiologic Evidence to Guide the Understanding and
Prevention of Gun Violence.},
Journal = {Epidemiologic reviews},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxv018},
Abstract = {Gunfire from assaults, suicides, and unintentional shootings
exacts an enormous burden on public health globally. The
epidemiologic reviews in this special issue enhance our
understanding of various forms of gun violence, inform
interventions, and help chart directions for future
research. The available science, however, is limited to
answer many important questions necessary for mounting
successful efforts to reduce gun violence. Certain data are
lacking, and there are numerous analytical challenges to
deriving unbiased estimates of policy impacts. Significant
investments in research over the long term are warranted to
answer questions central to successful prevention of gun
violence.},
Doi = {10.1093/epirev/mxv018},
Key = {fds317724}
}
@article{fds317725,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Will the Current Crisis in Police Legitimacy Increase Crime?
Research Offers a Way Forward.},
Journal = {Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of
the American Psychological Society},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {71-74},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1529100615610575},
Doi = {10.1177/1529100615610575},
Key = {fds317725}
}
@article{fds266408,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Parker, ST and Pollack, HA},
Title = {Sources of guns to dangerous people: what we learn by asking
them.},
Journal = {Preventive medicine},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {28-36},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0091-7435},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.021},
Abstract = {Gun violence exacts a lethal toll on public health. This
paper focuses on reducing access to firearms by dangerous
offenders, contributing original empirical data on the gun
transactions that arm offenders in Chicago. Conducted in the
fall of 2013, analysis of an open-ended survey of 99 inmates
of Cook County Jail focuses on a subset of violence-prone
individuals with the goal of improving law enforcement
actions. Among our principal findings: *Our respondents
(adult offenders living in Chicago or nearby) obtain most of
their guns from their social network of personal
connections. Rarely is the proximate source either direct
purchase from a gun store, or theft. *Only about 60% of guns
in the possession of respondents were obtained by purchase
or trade. Other common arrangements include sharing guns and
holding guns for others. *About one in seven respondents
report selling guns, but in only a few cases as a regular
source of income. *Gangs continue to play some role in
Chicago in organizing gun buys and in distributing guns to
members as needed. *The Chicago Police Department has a
considerable effect on the workings of the underground gun
market through deterrence. Transactions with strangers and
less-trusted associates are limited by concerns over arrest
risk (if the buyer should happen to be an undercover officer
or a snitch), and about being caught with a "dirty" gun (one
that has been fired in a crime).},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.021},
Key = {fds266408}
}
@article{fds266417,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Kang, S and Braga, AA and Ludwig, J and O’Brien,
ME},
Title = {An Experimental Evaluation of a Comprehensive
Employment-Oriented Prisoner Re-entry Program},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {31},
Number = {3},
Pages = {355-382},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0748-4518},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10940-014-9242-5},
Abstract = {Objectives: While the economic model of crime suggests that
improving post-prison labor market prospects should reduce
recidivism, evaluations of previous employment-oriented
re-entry programs have mixed results, possibly due to the
multi-faceted challenges facing prisoners at the time of
their release. We present an evaluation of an experiment
that combines enhanced employment opportunities with wrap
around services before and after release. Methods: This
paper presents what we believe is the first randomized
controlled trial (RCT) of a re-entry program that combines
post-release subsidized work with “reach-in” social
services provided prior to release. The sample was 236
high-risk offenders in Milwaukee with a history of violence
or gang involvement. Results: We observe increased
employment rates and earnings during the period when
ex-offenders are eligible for subsidized jobs, and these
gains persist throughout the year. The intervention has
significant effects (p < 0.01) in reducing the likelihood
of rearrest. The likelihood that the treatment group is
re-imprisoned during the first year after release is lower
than for controls (22 vs. 26 %) but the difference is not
statistically significantly different from zero.
Conclusions: The results of our RCT suggest that
“reach-in” services to help improve human capital of
inmates prior to release, together with wrap around services
following release, boosts employment and earnings, although
whether there is sufficient impact on recidivism for the
intervention to pass a benefit-cost test is more uncertain.
Average earnings for both treatment and control groups were
very low; legal work simply does not seem that important in
the economic lives of released prisoners.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10940-014-9242-5},
Key = {fds266417}
}
@article{fds317726,
Author = {Frattaroli, S and Pollack, KM and Cook, PJ and Salomon, M and Omaki, E and Gielen, AC},
Title = {Public opinion concerning residential sprinkler systems for
1- and 2-family homes.},
Journal = {Injury epidemiology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40621-015-0060-5},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Residential sprinkler systems (RSS) are
one intervention to prevent fire injury and death, yet there
is no literature documenting why RSS homeowners opt to
purchase a sprinkler-equipped home. This manuscript
describes homeowners' decisions to purchase homes with
residential sprinkler systems (RSS) and their experiences
with the technology. It also compares how RSS homeowners and
owners of homes without RSS value sprinklers and their
levels of support for policies to mandate RSS in new
homes.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a national online web panel to
sample owners of 1- and 2-family homes, and descriptive
methods to analyze the resulting data.<h4>Results</h4>Our
final sample included 1,357 homeowners of 1- and 2-family
homes without RSS and 976 homeowners with RSS. RSS
homeowners were more likely than owners of non-RSS homes to
indicate they would buy an RSS home in the future (75 % vs.
30 %), and more often indicated a willingness to pay for
sprinklers (70 % vs. 40 %). RSS homeowners also expressed
higher levels of support for policies to mandate RSS in all
new 1- and 2-family homes (48 % vs. 19 %).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
findings offer insight into educational and policy
strategies to promote RSS in all new homes, and provide a
foundation for future research in this area.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40621-015-0060-5},
Key = {fds317726}
}
@article{fds266264,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Harris, RJ and Ludwig, J and Pollack,
HA},
Title = {Some sources of crime guns in Chicago: Dirty dealers, straw
purchasers, and traffickers},
Journal = {The Journal of criminal law & criminology},
Volume = {104},
Number = {4},
Pages = {717-760},
Publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
Year = {2015},
ISSN = {0091-4169},
Abstract = {In this Article, we seek to help guide law enforcement
activities targeting gun acquisition by high-risk people by
examining two potentially important sources of crime guns:
licensed retail dealers and traffickers. Limited data
availability is a key reason more is not currently known
about how criminals obtain guns. This Article assembles a
unique dataset that combines five years (2009–2013) of
crime gun trace requests submitted to the Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) National Tracing
Center (NTC) by the Chicago Police Department (CPD), linked
to other CPD data sources about the person who was caught
with the gun. From these data, we are able to identify which
of the violators are or have been gang members and to
compare their guns with those of violators who are not gang
members. We focus in particular on how gang members obtain
guns, since this population is at the highest risk for
shooting someone and for being shot. We hypothesize that
gang members may differ from others in how they access guns.
This hypothesis could help explain why our earlier work
found that the underground gun market as a whole in Chicago
is characterized by high transaction costs that keep many
criminals from becoming armed, yet the vast majority of the
city’s homicides are committed with guns. Our first
finding is that the guns confiscated by the police from gang
members tend to be quite old—a median age of over ten
years—with every indication that they have gone through a
series of transactions before being acquired by the current
owner. It is very rare for these guns to be purchased new
from a gun dealer in a documented sale (occurring in less
than 2% of circumstances). Besides the age of the guns, the
most striking fact about gang guns is that most come from
out of state. Even for new guns, fully 60% are imported. It
appears that while licensed dealers may play some small
direct role in arming gang members, other intermediaries are
far more important. If enforcement is to be effective at
reducing access to guns by gang members, a likely focus is
on the intermediaries in the underground market—straw
purchasers, brokers, and traffickers. Gathering information
on these intermediaries will require interviews with the
violators in addition to further analysis of trace
data.},
Key = {fds266264}
}
@article{fds266344,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Kang, S},
Title = {Birthdays, schooling, and crime: Regression-discontinuity
analysis of school performance, delinquency, dropout, and
crime initiation},
Journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {33-57},
Publisher = {American Economic Association},
Year = {2015},
ISSN = {1945-7782},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20140323},
Abstract = {Dropouts have high crime rates, but is there a direct causal
link? This study, utilizing administrative data for six
cohorts of public school children in North Carolina,
demonstrates that those born just after the cut date for
enrolling in public kindergarten are more likely to drop out
of high school before graduation and to commit a felony
offense by age 19. We present suggestive evidence that
dropout mediates criminal involvement. Paradoxically, these
late-entry students outperform their grade peers
academically while still in school, which helps account for
the fact that they are less likely to become juvenile
delinquents.},
Doi = {10.1257/app.20140323},
Key = {fds266344}
}
@article{fds266415,
Author = {Krawiec, K and Cook, P},
Title = {Foreword: Organs and Inducements},
Journal = {Law & Contemporary Problems},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {i-vii},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol77/iss3/1},
Key = {fds266415}
}
@article{fds266416,
Author = {Krawiec, K and Cook, P},
Title = {A Primer on Kidney Transplantation: Anatomy of the
Shortage},
Journal = {Law & Contemporary Problems},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1-23},
Year = {2014},
url = {http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol77/iss3/2/},
Key = {fds266416}
}
@article{fds266432,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The great american gun war: Notes from four decades in the
trenches},
Journal = {Crime and Justice},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {19-73},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0192-3234},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000325952400003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In this essay I provide an account of how research on gun
violence has evolved over the last four decades, intertwined
with personal observations and commentary on my
contributions. It begins with a sketch of the twentieth
century history of gun control in the United States. I then
provide an account of why gun violence is worth studying,
with a discussion of how and why the type of weapon used in
crime matters, and assess the social costs of the widespread
private ownership of firearms. I then detour into the
methodological disputes over estimating basic facts relevant
to understanding gun use and misuse. In Section IV, I focus
on how gun availability influences the use of guns in crime
and whether the incidence of misuse is influenced by the
prevalence of gun ownership, regulations, and law
enforcement. I go on to review evaluations of efforts to
focus law enforcement directly at gun use in violent crime.
Next I turn to the hottest topic of our day, the role of
guns in self-defense and what might be deemed private
deterrence. The conclusion summarizes the claims and
counterclaims concerning gun regulation and asks, finally,
if there is the possibility of an influential role for
scientific research in the policy debate. © 2013 by The
University of Chicago. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/670397},
Key = {fds266432}
}
@misc{fds266334,
Author = {Frank, RH and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Winner-Take-All Markets},
Journal = {Studies in Microeconomics},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-154},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {2321-0222},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022213501254},
Abstract = {In recent decades, explosive growth in the salaries of top
earners, combined with income stagnation or decline for most
others, has formed a renewed challenge to the claim that a
free market serves the public interest. These trends lend
new urgency to understanding why some people earn so much
more than others and what the consequences of growing income
gaps are for economic growth and well being. In this
article, we build on earlier work by Alfred Marshall and
Sherwin Rosen to argue that it is the distribution of
opportunities, not the distribution of talent, that has been
changing in recent decades. The reason for this shift is
partly technological. As the revolution in information
processing and transmission continues, there is increasing
leverage for the talents of those who occupy top positions,
and correspondingly less room for others to find a lucrative
niche. In effect, the reward structure common in
entertainment and sports—where thousands compete for a
handful of big prizes at the top—has now permeated many
other sectors of the economy. The payoffs in these markets
are not only skewed but depend more on rank order than
productivity in the traditional sense. We describe general
conditions under which markets organized like tournaments
will attract a wastefully large share of inputs. The
article’s conclusions do not fit comfortably into any one
intellectual camp. We begin with the presumption that
markets work (low transaction costs, free entry) and that
observed trends reflect underlying economic forces. But
unlike many economists, we conclude that markets do not
always serve the public interest well—indeed, that much of
the rivalry for society’s top prizes is both costly and
unproductive. And unlike most economists, we conclude that
rising inequality is more likely to curtail economic growth
than to stimulate it. We argue that cooperative agreements
to reduce the top prizes and curb some forms of competition
need not lead inevitably to socialist squalor.},
Doi = {10.1177/2321022213501254},
Key = {fds266334}
}
@article{fds266482,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Durrance, CP},
Title = {The virtuous tax: lifesaving and crime-prevention effects of
the 1991 federal alcohol-tax increase.},
Journal = {Journal of health economics},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {261-267},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23220460},
Abstract = {The last time that federal excise taxes on alcoholic
beverages were increased was 1991. The changes were larger
than the typical state-level changes that have been used to
study price effects, but the consequences have not been
assessed due to the lack of a control group. Here we develop
and implement a novel method for utilizing interstate
heterogeneity to estimate the aggregate effects of a federal
tax increase on rates of injury fatality and crime. We
provide evidence that the relative importance of alcohol in
violence and injury rates is directly related to per capita
consumption, and build on that finding to generate
estimates. A conservative estimate is that the federal tax
(which increased alcohol prices by 6% initially) reduced
injury deaths by 4.5% (6480 deaths), in 1991, and had a
still larger effect on violent crime.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.11.003},
Key = {fds266482}
}
@article{fds266509,
Author = {Braga, AA and Wintemute, GJ and Pierce, GL and Cook, PJ and Ridgeway,
G},
Title = {Interpreting the empirical evidence on illegal gun market
dynamics.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {89},
Number = {5},
Pages = {779-793},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1099-3460},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9681-y},
Abstract = {Thousands of Americans are killed by gunfire each year, and
hundreds of thousands more are injured or threatened with
guns in robberies and assaults. The burden of gun violence
in urban areas is particularly high. Critics suggest that
the results of firearm trace data and gun trafficking
investigation studies cannot be used to understand the
illegal supply of guns to criminals and, therefore, that
regulatory and enforcement efforts designed to disrupt
illegal firearms markets are futile in addressing criminal
access to firearms. In this paper, we present new data to
address three key arguments used by skeptics to undermine
research on illegal gun market dynamics. We find that
criminals rely upon a diverse set of illegal diversion
pathways to acquire guns, gun traffickers usually divert
small numbers of guns, newer guns are diverted through
close-to-retail diversions from legal firearms commerce, and
that a diverse set of gun trafficking indicators are needed
to identify and shut down gun trafficking
pathways.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-012-9681-y},
Key = {fds266509}
}
@article{fds266430,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Drug policy research},
Journal = {ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY},
Volume = {29},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-11},
Publisher = {NATL ACAD SCIENCES},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0748-5492},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000208839300003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266430}
}
@article{fds266511,
Author = {Cook, PJ and O'Brien, M and Braga, A and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Lessons from a partially controlled field
trial},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Criminology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {271-287},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1573-3750},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11292-012-9146-z},
Abstract = {Objectives: Using the case of an on-going work-oriented
prisoner-reentry experiment in Milwaukee, describe the
challenges of organizing and sustaining a high-quality trial
in the field in which only the randomization and data
analysis are directly "controlled" by the evaluation team.
Methods: The case study is of a randomized experiment
involving youthful male prisoners with a history of violence
and gang membership, scheduled for release into Milwaukee.
The intervention included six months of pre-release services
with a work-release opportunity, and intensive services and
supervision following release. The case study describes the
initial experimental plan and how much of that plan could be
salvaged in the face of delays, administrative errors, and
other problems. Results: The initial plan, when compared
with the actual experiment, specified a larger and more
homogeneous sample, more resources devoted to various
aspects of the treatment, and more intensive supervision
following release. These problems arose despite the best
efforts of public officials. Randomization was preserved,
and for that reason the results will still be of interest,
although perhaps under-powered. Conclusions: The "gold
standard" may become a bit tarnished in the field. It was
crucial in this experiment to have a member of the
experimental team engaged with the relevant state agencies
at every step of the process to sustain this effort and to
ensure that the treatment was delivered and relevant data
generated. A newsletter and regular meetings with agents
proved useful. The outcomes will have high internal
validity. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media
B.V.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11292-012-9146-z},
Key = {fds266511}
}
@article{fds266508,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Evidence from a high-income country.},
Journal = {Addiction (Abingdon, England)},
Volume = {107},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1388-1389},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22779413},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03901.x},
Key = {fds266508}
}
@article{fds317729,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Machin, SJ and Marie, OE and Mastrobuoni,
G},
Title = {Lessons from the Economics of Crime},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {What have the economists contributed to the study of
criminal behavior and crime control? In what follows, to
motivate and describe the contributions to this edited
volume, we discuss three domains: • A normative framework
for evaluating criminal law and crime prevention, and the
application of sophisticated quantitative methods to analyze
the causes of crime and the effects of crime-control
measures in this framework; • The conception of criminal
behavior as individual choice, influenced by perceived
consequences; • The aggregation of individual choices to a
systems framework for understanding crime rates and
patterns. The papers in this volume are informed by and
contribute to all of these domains.},
Key = {fds317729}
}
@misc{fds266507,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Alcohol retail privatization: a commentary.},
Journal = {American journal of preventive medicine},
Volume = {42},
Number = {4},
Pages = {430-432},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22424258},
Doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2012.01.001},
Key = {fds266507}
}
@article{fds266510,
Author = {Bushway, S and Cook, PJ and Phillips, M},
Title = {The Overall Effect of the Business Cycle on
Crime},
Journal = {German Economic Review},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {436-446},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1465-6485},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2012.00578.x/pdf},
Abstract = {This paper analyses the 13 business cycles since 1933 to
provide evidence on the old question of whether recessions
cause crime. Using data from the United States, we find that
recessions are consistently associated with an uptick in
burglary and robbery, and a reduction in theft of motor
vehicles. There is no statistical association with homicide.
These patterns are suggestive of the relative importance of
the various channels by which economic conditions influence
crime. © 2012 The Authors German Economic Review © 2012
Verein für Socialpolitik.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0475.2012.00578.x},
Key = {fds266510}
}
@article{fds266263,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Q&A on Firearms Availability, Carrying, and
Misuse},
Journal = {Government, Law and Policy Journal},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {77-81},
Publisher = {New York State Bar Association},
Year = {2012},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds266263}
}
@article{fds266513,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Impact of Drug Market Pulling Levers Policing on
Neighborhood Violence An Evaluation of the High Point Drug
Market Intervention},
Journal = {Criminology & Public Policy},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {161-164},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00796.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00796.x},
Key = {fds266513}
}
@misc{fds266515,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Post-Heller Strategies to reduce gun violence},
Journal = {Journal of Catholic Social Thought},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {93-110},
Year = {2011},
Month = {Winter},
Key = {fds266515}
}
@article{fds266516,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The Economist's guide to crime busting},
Journal = {The Wilson Quarterly},
Pages = {62-66},
Year = {2011},
Month = {Winter},
url = {https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/238489.pdf},
Key = {fds266516}
}
@article{fds266506,
Author = {Durrance, CP and Golden, S and Perreira, K and Cook,
P},
Title = {Taxing sin and saving lives: Can alcohol taxation reduce
female homicides?},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {73},
Number = {1},
Pages = {169-176},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.04.027},
Abstract = {With costs exceeding $5.8 billion per year, violence against
women has significant ramifications for victims, their
families, the health care systems that treat them, and the
employers who depend on their labor. Prior research has
found that alcohol abuse contributes to violence against
both men and women, and that stringent alcohol control
policies can reduce alcohol consumption and in turn some
forms of violence. In this paper, we estimate the direct
relationship between an important alcohol control measure,
excise taxes, and the most extreme form of violence,
homicide. We use female homicide rates as our measure of
severe violence, as this measure is consistently and
accurately reported across multiple years. Our results
provide evidence that increased alcohol taxes reduce alcohol
consumption and that reductions in alcohol consumption can
reduce femicide. Unfortunately, a direct test of the
relationship does not have the power to determine whether
alcohol taxes effectively reduce female homicide rates. We
conclude that while alcohol taxes have been shown to
effectively reduce other forms of violence against women,
policy makers may need alternative policy levers to reduce
the most severe form of violence against
women.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.04.027},
Key = {fds266506}
}
@article{fds266257,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Paying the tab: The costs and benefits of alcohol
control},
Journal = {Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol
Control},
Pages = {1-262},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {What drug provides Americans with the greatest pleasure and
the greatest pain? The answer, hands down, is alcohol. The
pain comes not only from drunk driving and lost lives but
also addiction, family strife, crime, violence, poor health,
and squandered human potential. Young and old, drinkers and
abstainers alike, all are affected. Every American is paying
for alcohol abuse. Paying the Tab, the first comprehensive
analysis of this complex policy issue, calls for broadening
our approach to curbing destructive drinking. Over the last
few decades, efforts to reduce the societal costs--curbing
youth drinking and cracking down on drunk driving--have been
somewhat effective, but woefully incomplete. In fact,
American policymakers have ignored the influence of the
supply side of the equation. Beer and liquor are far cheaper
and more readily available today than in the 1950s and
1960s. © 2007 by Princeton University Press. All Rights
Reserved.},
Key = {fds266257}
}
@article{fds266431,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Paying the tab: The costs and benefits of alcohol
control},
Journal = {Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol
Control},
Pages = {1-262},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {What drug provides Americans with the greatest pleasure and
the greatest pain? The answer, hands down, is alcohol. The
pain comes not only from drunk driving and lost lives but
also addiction, family strife, crime, violence, poor health,
and squandered human potential. Young and old, drinkers and
abstainers alike, all are affected. Every American is paying
for alcohol abuse. Paying the Tab, the first comprehensive
analysis of this complex policy issue, calls for broadening
our approach to curbing destructive drinking. Over the last
few decades, efforts to reduce the societal costs--curbing
youth drinking and cracking down on drunk driving--have been
somewhat effective, but woefully incomplete. In fact,
American policymakers have ignored the influence of the
supply side of the equation. Beer and liquor are far cheaper
and more readily available today than in the 1950s and
1960s. Philip Cook's well-researched and engaging account
chronicles the history of our attempts to "legislate
morality," the overlooked lessons from Prohibition, and the
rise of Alcoholics Anonymous. He provides a thorough account
of the scientific evidence that has accumulated over the
last twenty-five years of economic and public-health
research, which demonstrates that higher alcohol excise
taxes and other supply restrictions are effective and
underutilized policy tools that can cut abuse while
preserving the pleasures of moderate consumption. Paying the
Tab makes a powerful case for a policy course correction.
Alcohol is too cheap, and it's costing all of
us.},
Key = {fds266431}
}
@misc{fds266514,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Macdonald, J},
Title = {Public Safety through Private Action: An Economic Assessment
of BIDs},
Journal = {Economic Journal},
Volume = {121},
Number = {552},
Pages = {445-462},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0013-0133},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02419.x},
Abstract = {Private actions to avoid and prevent criminal victimisation
and assist public law enforcement are vital inputs into the
crime-control process. One form of private action, the
business improvement district (BID), appears particularly
promising. A BID is a non-profit organisation created by
property owners to provide local public goods, usually
including public safety. Our analysis of 30 Los Angeles BIDs
demonstrates that the social benefits of BID expenditures on
security are a large multiple (about 20) of the private
expenditures. Crime displacement appears minimal. Crime
reduction in the BID areas has been accompanied by a
reduction in arrests, suggesting further savings. © 2011
The Author(s). The Economic Journal © 2011 Royal Economic
Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02419.x},
Key = {fds266514}
}
@article{fds266512,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Co-Production in deterring crime},
Journal = {Criminology & Public Policy},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-108},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2011},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00686.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00686.x},
Key = {fds266512}
}
@misc{fds266517,
Author = {Kim, EHW and Cook, PJ},
Title = {The continuing importance of children in relieving elder
poverty: evidence from Korea},
Journal = {Ageing and Society},
Volume = {31},
Number = {6},
Pages = {953-976},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0144-686X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10001030},
Abstract = {The population of South Korea is ageing rapidly and
government provision for older people is meagre. Hence the
erosion of traditional family support for older people is of
much concern. Yet relatively little is known about the
actual financial status of elderly Koreans or the amount of
economic support they receive from children. This paper
addresses these issues using data from the 2006 Korean
Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We find that almost 70 per
cent of Koreans aged 65 or more years received financial
transfers from children and that the transfers accounted for
about a quarter of an average elder's income. While over 60
per cent of elders would be poor without private transfers,
children's transfers substantially mitigate elder poverty,
filling about one-quarter of the poverty gap. Furthermore,
children's transfers tend to be proportionally larger to
low-income parents, so elder income inequality is reduced by
the transfers. Over 40 per cent of elders lived with a child
and co-residence helps reduce elder poverty. By showing that
Korean children still play a crucial role in providing
financial old-age security, we demonstrate how important it
is for the Korean government to design old-age policies that
preserve the incentives for private assistance. This
snapshot of today's Korea also has implications for other
rapidly changing Asian countries that are following a
similar trajectory. © Copyright Cambridge University Press
2011.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0144686X10001030},
Key = {fds266517}
}
@misc{fds266518,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Property crimes - yes; violence - no: Comment on Lauritsen
and Heimer},
Journal = {Criminology & Public Policy},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {693-697},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00661.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00661.x},
Key = {fds266518}
}
@article{fds266303,
Author = {Tokunaga, K and Sugiu, K and Yoshino, K and Terai, Y and Imaoka, T and Handa, A and Hirotsune, N and Kusaka, N and Date,
I},
Title = {Percutaneous balloon angioplasty for acute occlusion of
intracranial arteries.},
Journal = {Neurosurgery},
Volume = {67},
Number = {3 Suppl Operative},
Pages = {ons189-ons196},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000380954.29925.CE},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The benefits of intravenous thrombolysis for
acute ischemic stroke are still limited. OBJECTIVE: To
evaluate the safety and efficacy of double-lumen balloon
catheter-based reperfusion therapy with or without
intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute occlusion of
intracranial arteries. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients with
acute occlusion of intracranial arteries were enrolled. A
Gateway balloon catheter was used to disrupt clots or dilate
atheromatous plaques in every patient. The technical
details, technique-related complications, recanalization
rates, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The
occlusion sites were internal carotid arteries in 17
patients, M1 segments in 32 patients, the M2 segment in 1
patient, a vertebral artery in 1 patient, and basilar
arteries in 8 patients. Twenty-four patients (41%) were
treated with thrombolysis first, and 20 patients (34%) were
treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
followed by thrombolysis. PTA alone was performed in 15
patients (25%). The mean dose of urokinase was 205 x 10 U.
The extent of recanalization was complete (Thrombolysis in
Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] score of 3) in 17 patients
(29%), and partial (TIMI 1/2) in 28 patients (47%).
Functional independence at discharge was preserved in 76%,
25%, and 7% of patients with TIMI 3, TIMI 1/2, and TIMI 0,
respectively. A combination of PTA and thrombolysis resulted
in a significantly higher recanalization rate than PTA only.
Seven patients (12%) experienced hemorrhagic events after
treatment. Severe parenchymal hemorrhage with neurologic
deterioration was observed in 2 patients (4%), and vessel
rupture was encountered in 1 atherosclerotic case.
CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical angioplasty using a Gateway catheter
combined with a low-dose thrombolytic agent is a safe and
effective treatment for acute intracranial embolic and
atherosclerotic occlusion with a low risk of hemorrhagic
complications.},
Doi = {10.1227/01.NEU.0000380954.29925.CE},
Key = {fds266303}
}
@article{fds266505,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Gottfredson, DC and Na, C},
Title = {School crime control and prevention},
Journal = {Crime and Justice},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {313-440},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Address = {Chicago},
Editor = {Michael Tonry},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0192-3234},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652387},
Abstract = {School violence, drug use, vandalism, gang activity,
bullying, and theft are costly and interfere with academic
achievement. Fortunately, crime victimization in schools for
students and teachers followed the downward trend in
national crime rates during the 1990s and has remained at a
relatively low level since 2000. Youths are as likely to be
victimized in school as out when it comes to theft and minor
assaults, but the most serious assaults tend to occur
outside of school. Despite the high rates of crime in
school, school crime plays a relatively minor role in
juvenile criminal careers. Nonetheless, school crime
deserves public concern. The composition and operation of
schools influence crime. A variety of instructional programs
can reduce crime, such as those that teach self-control or
social competency skills using cognitive-behavioral or
behavioral instructional methods. School discipline
management policies and practices are also important.
Schools in which rules are clearly stated, are fair, and are
consistently enforced, and in which students participate in
establishing mechanisms for reducing misbehavior, experience
less disorder. © 2010 by The University of Chicago. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1086/652387},
Key = {fds266505}
}
@article{fds304156,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Potential savings from abolition of the death penalty in
North Carolina},
Journal = {American Law and Economics Review},
Volume = {11},
Number = {2},
Pages = {498-529},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1465-7252},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahp022},
Abstract = {Despite the long-term decline in the number of death
sentences and the lack of executions, the cost of the death
penalty in North Carolina remains high. To document this
cost, the empirical analysis here focuses on a recent
two-year period, comparing actual costs associated with
capital proceedings, with likely costs in the absence of the
death penalty. The conclusion: the state would have spent
almost $11 million less each year on criminal justice
activities (including appeals and imprisonment) if the death
penalty had been abolished. Additional criminal justice
resources would have been freed up and available to be
redirected to other cases. © The Author 2009. Published by
Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Law and
Economics Association. All rights reserved. For permissions,
please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.},
Doi = {10.1093/aler/ahp022},
Key = {fds304156}
}
@article{fds266503,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Comment on "explaining change and stasis in alcohol
consumption"},
Journal = {Addiction Research and Theory},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {586-587},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1606-6359},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350903145080},
Doi = {10.3109/16066350903145080},
Key = {fds266503}
}
@article{fds266443,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Economics of Crime: An Introduction to Rational Crime
Analysis.},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3},
Pages = {804-806},
Publisher = {AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-0515},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000270795400008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266443}
}
@article{fds266521,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Cukier, W and Krause, K},
Title = {The illicit firearms trade in North America},
Journal = {Criminology and Criminal Justice},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {265-286},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Editor = {Sheptycki, J and Edwards, A},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1748-8958},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895809336377},
Abstract = {Gun violence in North American is the subject of much
speculation and debate, often based on limited or incomplete
empirical evidence. We summarize the regulatory frameworks
in Mexico, the United States and Canada, and provide
statistics on gun misuse in these countries. Based on our
analysis of publicly available information on sources of
crime guns, we conclude that while the United States is a
major supplier of illegal handguns to Canada and illegal
firearms of all types to Mexico, quantifying the extent of
its role, particularly in Mexico, is difficult because of
data limitations. Still more difficult is to project the
consequences of an effective crackdown by US authorities. If
the illicit supply from the USA dried up, the criminal gangs
could turn to a variety of other sources that already appear
to be playing some role. A complete analysis of these issues
must await more complete disclosure by the authorities of
data on gun sources and trafficking investigations. © The
Author(s), 2009.},
Doi = {10.1177/1748895809336377},
Key = {fds266521}
}
@article{fds266522,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and Samaha, AM},
Title = {Gun control after Heller: Threats and sideshows from a
social welfare perspective},
Journal = {UCLA Law Review},
Volume = {56},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1041-1093},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0041-5650},
Abstract = {What will happen after District of Columbia v. Heller? We
know that five justices on the Supreme Court now oppose
comprehensive federal prohibitions on home handgun
possession by some class of trustworthy homeowners for the
purpose of, and maybe only at the time of, self-defense.
Perhaps the justices will push fur' ther and apply Heller's
holding to state and local governments via the Fourteenth
Amendment. But the majority opinion in Heller offered
limited guidance for future cases, it did not follow a
purely originalist method of constitutional interpretation,
nor did it establish a constraining doctrinal framework for
evaluating firearms regulation - although the opinion did
gratuitously suggest that much existing gun control is
acceptable. There is significant room for judges to maneuver
after Heller. In the absence of more information from the
Supreme Court, we identify plausible legal arguments for the
next few rounds of litigation and assess the stakes for
social welfare. Based on available data, we conclude that
some salient legal arguments after Heller have little or no
likely consequence for social welfare. For example, the
looming constitutional fight over local handgun bans - an
issue on which we present original empirical data - seems
largely inconsequential. The same can be said for a right to
carry a firearm in public with a permit. On the other hand,
less prominent legal arguments could be quite threatening to
social welfare. At some point judges might draw on free
speech doctrine and presumptively disfavor taxation or
regulation targeted especially at firearms. This could have
serious consequences. In addition, and perhaps most
important, Second Amendment doctrine might deter innovative
regulatory responses to the problem of gun violence. The
threat of litigation may inhibit useful policy
experimentation ranging from personalized firearms
technology and the microstamping of shell casings, to
pre-market review of gun design, social-cost taxation,
gun-owner insurance requirements, and beyond.},
Key = {fds266522}
}
@article{fds266520,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Crime Control in the City: A Research-Based Briefing on
Public and Private Measures},
Journal = {Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and
Research},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-80},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds266520}
}
@article{fds266433,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Crime in the city},
Pages = {297-327},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds266433}
}
@article{fds266519,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Potential savings from abolition of the death penalty in
North Carolina},
Journal = {American Law and Economics Review},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {1-32},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1465-7252},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahp022},
Abstract = {Despite the long-term decline in the number of death
sentences and the lack of executions, the cost of the death
penalty in North Carolina remains high. To document this
cost, the empirical analysis here focuses on a recent
two-year period, comparing actual costs associated with
capital proceedings, with likely costs in the absence of the
death penalty. The conclusion: the state would have spent
almost $11 million less each year on criminal justice
activities (including appeals and imprisonment) if the death
penalty had been abolished. Additional criminal justice
resources would have been freed up and available to be
redirected to other cases.},
Doi = {10.1093/aler/ahp022},
Key = {fds266519}
}
@article{fds266450,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Regulation and Public Interests: The Possibility of Good
Regulatory Government by Steven P. Croley},
Journal = {Political Science Quarterly},
Volume = {123},
Number = {4},
Pages = {700-701},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0032-3195},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000262212100022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/j.1538-165x.2008.tb01823.x},
Key = {fds266450}
}
@article{fds266529,
Author = {Cook, PJ and MacCoun, R and Muschkin, C and Vigdor,
J},
Title = {The negative impacts of starting middle school in sixth
grade},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {27},
Number = {1},
Pages = {104-121},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2008},
Month = {Winter},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20309},
Abstract = {Using administrative data on public school students in North
Carolina, we find that sixth grade students attending middle
schools are much more likely to be cited for discipline
problems than those attending elementary school. That
difference remains after adjusting for the socioeconomic and
demographic characteristics of the students and their
schools. Furthermore, the higher infraction rates recorded
by sixth graders who are placed in middle school persist at
least through ninth grade. An analysis of end-of-grade test
scores provides complementary findings. A plausible
explanation is that sixth graders are at an especially
impressionable age; in middle school, the exposure to older
peers and the relative freedom from supervision have
deleterious consequences. These findings are relevant to the
current debate over the best school configuration for
incorporating the middle grades. Based on our results, we
suggest that there is a strong argument for separating sixth
graders from older adolescents. © 2008 by the Association
for Public Policy Analysis and Management.},
Doi = {10.1002/pam.20309},
Key = {fds266529}
}
@article{fds266526,
Author = {Carpenter, C and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Cigarette taxes and youth smoking: new evidence from
national, state, and local Youth Risk Behavior
Surveys.},
Journal = {Journal of health economics},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {287-299},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0167-6296},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.05.008},
Abstract = {Several studies have examined the effects of state cigarette
tax increases on youth substance use over the 1990s, with
most--but not all--finding that higher taxes reduce youth
consumption of tobacco. We advance the literature by using
data from the 1991 to 2005 waves of the national Youth Risk
Behavior Surveys (YRBS), providing information on over
100,000 high school age youths. We also are the first to
make use of hundreds of independently fielded state and
local versions of the YRBS, reflecting data from over
750,000 youths. Importantly, these data are to our knowledge
the only sources of relevant information on youth smoking
that were explicitly designed to be representative of the
sampled state or locality. We estimate two-way fixed effects
models of the effect of state cigarette taxes on youth
smoking, controlling for survey demographics and area and
year fixed effects. Our most consistent finding is
that--contrary to some recent research--the large state
tobacco tax increases of the past 15 years were associated
with significant reductions in smoking participation and
frequent smoking by youths. Our price elasticity estimates
for smoking participation by high school youths are
generally smaller than previous cross-sectional approaches
but are similar to recent quasi-experimental
estimates.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.05.008},
Key = {fds266526}
}
@article{fds266525,
Author = {Sorenson, SB and Cook, PJ},
Title = {'We've got a gun?': Comparing reports of adolescents and
their parents about household firearms},
Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-19},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20213},
Doi = {10.1002/jcop.20213},
Key = {fds266525}
}
@article{fds266527,
Author = {MacCoun, R and Cook, PJ and Muschkin, C and Vigdor,
JL},
Title = {Distinguishing spurious and real peer effects: Evidence from
artificial societies, small-group experiments, and real
schoolyards},
Journal = {Review of Law and Economics},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Publisher = {WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1555-5879},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1226},
Abstract = {In a variety of important domains, there is considerable
correlational evidence suggestive of what are variously
referred to as social norm effects, contagion effects,
information cascades, or peer effects. It is difficult to
statistically identify whether such effects are causal, and
there are various non-causal mechanisms that can produce
such apparent norm effects. Lab experiments demonstrate that
real peer effects occur, but also that apparent cascade or
peer effects can be spurious. A curious feature of American
local school configuration policy provides an opportunity to
identify true peer influences among adolescents. Some school
districts send 6th graders to middle school (e.g., 6th-8th
grade "junior high"); others retain 6th graders for one
additional year in K-6 elementary schools. Using
administrative data on public school students in North
Carolina, we have found that sixth grade students attending
middle schools are much more likely to be cited for
discipline problems than those attending elementary school,
and the effects appear to persist at least through ninth
grade. A plausible explanation is that these effects occur
because sixth graders in middle schools are suddenly exposed
to two cohorts of older, more delinquent peers. © 2008 by
bepress.},
Doi = {10.2202/1555-5879.1226},
Key = {fds266527}
}
@article{fds266524,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {A Free Lunch},
Journal = {Journal of Drug Policy Analysis},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Address = {http://www.bepress.com/jdpa/vol1/iss1/art2},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds266524}
}
@article{fds266502,
Author = {Cook, P and Ludwig, J and Venkatesh, S and Braga,
A},
Title = {Half-cocked},
Journal = {Economist},
Volume = {385},
Number = {8558},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0013-0613},
Key = {fds266502}
}
@article{fds266531,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and Venkatesh, S and Braga,
AA},
Title = {Underground gun markets},
Journal = {Economic Journal},
Volume = {117},
Number = {524},
Pages = {F588-F618},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0013-0133},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02098.x},
Abstract = {This article provides an economic analysis of underground
gun markets, drawing on interviews with gang members, gun
dealers, professional thieves, prostitutes, police, public
school security guards and teenagers in the city of Chicago,
complemented by results from government surveys of recent
arrestees in 22 cities, plus administrative data for
suicides, homicides, robberies, arrests and confiscated
crime guns. We find evidence that transactions costs are
considerable in the underground gun market in Chicago, and
to some extent in other cities as well. The most likely
explanation is that the underground gun market is both
illegal and 'thin'-relevant information about trading
opportunities is scarce due to illegality, which makes
search costly for market participants and leads to a market
thickness effect on transaction costs. © 2007 The
Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society
2007.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02098.x},
Key = {fds266531}
}
@article{fds266500,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Reuter, P},
Title = {Response to comments},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {102},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1192-1193},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01938.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01938.x},
Key = {fds266500}
}
@article{fds266501,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Reuter, P},
Title = {When is alcohol just another drug? Some thoughts on research
and policy.},
Journal = {Addiction (Abingdon, England)},
Volume = {102},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1183-1188},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624970},
Abstract = {<h4>Aim</h4>To reflect on the divergence and overlap between
alcohol and illicit drugs with respect to both current
policies and policy research.<h4>Results</h4>For demand
reduction, there is considerable overlap in programs and
services for prevention and even more clearly for treatment.
For supply controls there is mostly divergence, reflecting
the difference in legal status. Research generally follows
the same pattern. However, a cross-cutting research agenda
on the supply side has merit.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Even in a
prohibition regime, law-enforcement agencies have
considerable discretion. A systematic, pragmatic,
'evidence-based' use of that discretion to reduce harm is
possible. It can be accomplished only by a continuing
program of policy research that measures the harms of drug
use and drug enforcement, assesses the effects of current
policies on both these sources of social cost and explores
alternative strategies. There is a similarly important
project for alcohol and tobacco control policy. The goal for
research on alcohol and tobacco is to document the extent to
which supply controls can be effective in reducing harm; the
additional goal for illicit drugs is to document just how
much the current ideologically driven approach is costing
the public.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01837.x},
Key = {fds266501}
}
@article{fds266530,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Reuter, P},
Title = {When is alcohol just another drug?},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {98},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1182-1188},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds266530}
}
@article{fds266498,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Hutchinson, R},
Title = {Smoke Signals: Adolescent Smoking and School
Continuation},
Journal = {Advances in Austrian Economics},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {157-186},
Publisher = {Emerald (MCB UP )},
Editor = {Marina Bianchi},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1529-2134},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1529-2134(07)10007-7},
Abstract = {This paper presents an exploratory analysis using NLSY97
data of the relationship between the likelihood of school
continuation and the choices of whether to smoke or
drink.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1529-2134(07)10007-7},
Key = {fds266498}
}
@article{fds266470,
Author = {COOK, PJ},
Title = {The Demand for Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana: International
Evidence},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {102},
Number = {5},
Pages = {830-830},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000245811300027&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01813.x},
Key = {fds266470}
}
@article{fds266499,
Author = {Sanford, C and Marshall, SW and Martin, SL and Coyne-Beasley, T and Waller, AE and Cook, PJ and Norwood, T and Demissie,
Z},
Title = {Deaths from violence in North Carolina, 2004: how deaths
differ in females and males.},
Journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for
Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention},
Volume = {12 Suppl 2},
Number = {SUPPL. 2},
Pages = {ii10-ii16},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1353-8047},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2006.012617},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To identify gender differences in violent
deaths in terms of incidence, circumstances, and methods of
death.<h4>Design</h4>Analysis of surveillance
data.<h4>Setting</h4>North Carolina, a state of 8.6 million
residents on the eastern seaboard of the
US.<h4>Subjects</h4>1674 North Carolina residents who died
from violence in the state during 2004.<h4>Methods</h4>Information
on violent deaths was collected by the North Carolina
Violent Death Reporting System using data from death
certificates, medical examiner reports, and law enforcement
agency incidence reports.<h4>Results</h4>Suicide and
homicide rates were lower for females than males. For
suicides, females were more likely than males to have a
diagnosis of depression (55% v 36%), a current mental health
problem (66% v 42%), or a history of suicide attempts (25% v
13%). Firearms were the sole method of suicide in 65% of
males and 42% of females. Poisonings were more common in
female than male suicides (37% v 12%). Male and female
homicide victims were most likely to die from a handgun or a
sharp instrument. Fifty seven percent of female homicides
involved intimate partner violence, compared with 13% of
male homicides. Among female homicides involving intimate
partner violence, 78% occurred in the woman's home. White
females had a higher rate of suicide than African-American
females, but African-American females had a higher rate of
homicide than white females.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
incidence, circumstances, and methods of fatal violence
differ greatly between females and males. These differences
should be taken into account in the development of violence
prevention efforts.},
Doi = {10.1136/ip.2006.012617},
Key = {fds266499}
}
@article{fds266288,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Symposium on Deterrence: Editorial Introduction},
Journal = {Criminology & Public Policy},
Volume = {53},
Number = {3},
Pages = {413-416},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds266288}
}
@article{fds337373,
Author = {Cook, PJ and MacCoun, R and Muschkin, C and Vigdor,
JL},
Title = {Should Sixth Grade Be in Elementary or Middle School? An
Analysis of Grade Configuration and Student
Behavior},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds337373}
}
@article{fds266532,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Aiming for evidence-based gun policy},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {691-735},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {Summer},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20202},
Doi = {10.1002/pam.20202},
Key = {fds266532}
}
@article{fds266565,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Sorenson, SB},
Title = {The gender gap among teen survey respondents: Why are boys
more likely to report a gun in the home than
girls?},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-76},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0748-4518},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10940-005-9002-7},
Abstract = {It is a reliable though unexplained feature of national
surveys that include items on gun ownership that wives are
less likely to report a gun in the home than husbands. In
this article we extend the inquiry regarding this gender gap
in reporting of house hold guns to include adolescent
children (age 12-17 years). The California Health Interview
Survey of 2001, the largest-ever state survey of its kind,
includes over 4000 marital households in which both a parent
and adolescent child were interviewed and asked whether
there was a gun in the home. There is little "age gap" in
reporting - California teens are almost as likely to say
that there is a gun as are their parents - but there is a
gender gap among both the teens and their parents. We also
find a large gap in personal experience with guns - boys are
three times as likely to report hunting or shooting with a
family member than girls. This difference in experience
fully accounts for the gender gap in reporting. The
relevance of these Qndings for the interpretation of survey
data is clear. Whether there is a gun reported in a home
depends to a remarkable extent on which member of the
household is asked the question. Hence, the method of
selection of respondent(s) from within a household will
affect estimates of the patterns and prevalence of gun
ownership, and, potentially, the accuracy of case-control
studies that use self-report information about guns in the
home. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10940-005-9002-7},
Key = {fds266565}
}
@article{fds266497,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Khmilevska, N},
Title = {Cross-national patterns in crime rates},
Journal = {Crime and Justice},
Volume = {33},
Pages = {331-345},
Booktitle = {Crime and Punishment in Western Countries,
1980-1999},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0192-3234},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655369},
Doi = {10.1086/655369},
Key = {fds266497}
}
@article{fds266566,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The social costs of gun ownership},
Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
Volume = {90},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {379-391},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.02.003},
Abstract = {This paper provides new estimates of the effect of household
gun prevalence on homicide rates, and infers the marginal
external cost of handgun ownership. The estimates utilize a
superior proxy for gun prevalence, the percentage of
suicides committed with a gun, which we validate. Using
county- and state-level panels for 20 years, we estimate the
elasticity of homicide with respect to gun prevalence as
between +0.1 and +0.3. All of the effect of gun prevalence
is on gun homicide rates. Under certain reasonable
assumptions, the average annual marginal social cost of
household gun ownership is in the range $100 to $1800. ©
2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.02.003},
Key = {fds266566}
}
@article{fds266591,
Author = {Wintemute, GJ and Cook, PJ and Wright, MA},
Title = {Risk factors among handgun retailers for frequent and
disproportionate sales of guns used in violent and firearm
related crimes.},
Journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for
Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention},
Volume = {11},
Number = {6},
Pages = {357-363},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1353-8047},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2005.009969},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the retailer and community
level factors associated with frequent and disproportionate
sales of handguns that are later used in violent and firearm
related crimes (VFC handguns).<h4>Design</h4>Cross
sectional. The authors used California records to identify
all handguns sold by study subjects during 1996-2000 and
federal gun tracing records to determine which of these guns
had been recovered by a police agency in the US or elsewhere
and traced by 30 September 2003.<h4>Subjects and
setting</h4>The 421 licensed gun retailers in California
selling at least 100 handguns annually during
1996-2000.<h4>Main outcome measure</h4>The number of VFC
handguns per 1000 gun years of exposure. Differences are
expressed as incidence rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence
intervals (CI).<h4>Results</h4>Subjects accounted for 11.7%
of California retailers with handgun sales, 81.5% of handgun
sales, and 85.5% of VFC handguns. Among subjects, the 3426
VFC handguns accounted for 48.0% of all traced handguns and
65.0% of those linked to a specified crime. The median VFC
handgun trace rate was 0.5/1000 gun years (range 0-8.8). In
multivariate analysis, this rate increased substantially for
each single-point increase in the percentage of proposed
sales that were denied because the purchasers were
prohibited from owning guns (RR 1.43; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.56),
and was increased for pawnbrokers (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.02 to
1.55). Community level crime rates and sociodemographics had
little predictive value.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Risk factors,
largely determined at the retailer level, exist for frequent
and disproportionate sales of handguns that are later used
in violent and firearm related crimes. Screening to identify
high risk retailers could be undertaken with data that are
already available.},
Doi = {10.1136/ip.2005.009969},
Key = {fds266591}
}
@article{fds266564,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and Braga, AA},
Title = {Criminal records of homicide offenders.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {294},
Number = {5},
Pages = {598-601},
Year = {2005},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16077054},
Abstract = {<h4>Context</h4>Homicide prevention strategies can be either
targeted toward high-risk groups or addressed to the
population at large. One high-risk group of particular
interest is adults with a criminal record. But the
prevalence of a criminal record among homicide offenders has
not been reliably quantified, nor has the prevalence of
criminal record in the general population.<h4>Objective</h4>To
determine what portion of the homicide problem would be
addressed by interventions linked to arrest or
conviction.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>A
case-control analysis was performed using a comprehensive
data set of all arrests and felony convictions in Illinois
for 1990-2001. Cases were defined as Illinois residents aged
18 to 64 years who were arrested for homicide in 2001.
Controls were all other Illinois residents aged 18 to 64
years in 2001. Illinois criminal and juvenile record
information for cases and controls was compiled for
1990-2000. Five definitions of previous record were
considered (arrest, arrest for a violent crime, 5 or more
arrests with at least 1 for a violent crime, felony
conviction, and violent-felony conviction), each measured
for 1990-2000 and for 1996-2000.<h4>Main outcome
measure</h4>The population-attributable risk: the portion of
homicide offenses that would be eliminated by a hypothetical
intervention that reduced the offending risk of individuals
with a record to the offending risk of those who lack a
record.<h4>Results</h4>For 1990-2000, 42.6% of 884 cases had
at least 1 felony conviction compared with 3.9% of nearly
7.9 million controls, for a population-attributable risk of
40.3% (95% CI, 37.0%-43.8%); among cases, 71.6% had
experienced any arrest from 1990-2000 compared with 18.2% of
controls, for a population-attributable risk of 65.3% (95%
CI, 61.6%-68.8%). For 1996-2000, the population-attributable
risk among individuals with a felony conviction or any
arrest was 31.0% (95% CI, 27.9%-34.2%) and 58.5% (95% CI,
54.9%-62.1%), respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Interventions
after arrest or conviction, such as supervised release,
imprisonment, correctional programs, or bans on firearm
possession, are targeted toward a group that has relatively
high incidence of lethal violence, but they leave a large
portion of the problem untouched.},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.294.5.598},
Key = {fds266564}
}
@article{fds266523,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ostermann, J and Sloan, FA},
Title = {The Net Effect of an Alcohol Tax Increase
on},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {95},
Number = {2},
Pages = {278-281},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-8282},
url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=937513981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=15020&RQT=309&VName=PQD},
Abstract = {This article combines new estimates on the effect of per
capital alcohol consumption on drinking patterns with a
summary estimate from the epidemiology literature of
relative risks associated with different levels of drinking.
It is calculated that a permanent reduction of 1% in alcohol
consumption per capital, induced by a tax increase or some
other mechanism, would have little net effect on mortality
in middle age. Sensitivity experiments suggest that the
effect may be positive or negative but is always close to
zero. Since there is no health benefit from drinking for
younger people, and considerable risks, it is concluded that
the public-health case for increased alcohol taxation is
strong.},
Doi = {10.1257/000282805774670419},
Key = {fds266523}
}
@article{fds304155,
Author = {Sloan, FA and Cook, PJ and Ostermann, J},
Title = {Net Effect of an Alcohol Tax Increase on Death Rates in
Middle Age},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {95},
Number = {2},
Pages = {278-281},
Publisher = {American Economic Association},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-8282},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282805774670419},
Doi = {10.1257/000282805774670419},
Key = {fds304155}
}
@article{fds339379,
Author = {Wintermute, GJ and Cook, PJ and Wright, M},
Title = {Risk Factors among Handgun Retailers for Frequent and
Disproportionate Sales of Guns Used in Violent and
Firearm-Related Crimes},
Pages = {357-363},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds339379}
}
@article{fds266453,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Can gun control work?},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {198-201},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000187114600020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/pam.10191},
Key = {fds266453}
}
@article{fds266495,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Public policy perspectives: Principles for effective gun
policy},
Journal = {Fordham Law Review},
Volume = {73},
Number = {2},
Pages = {589-614},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0015-704X},
Key = {fds266495}
}
@article{fds266580,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Principles for effective gun policy},
Journal = {FORDHAM LAW REVIEW},
Volume = {73},
Number = {2},
Pages = {589-613},
Publisher = {FORDHAM UNIV SCHOOL LAW},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0015-704X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000225385300008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {We review the evidence pertinent to judging the
effectiveness of policies to reduce the use of firearms in
crime. One goal is to correct popular misconceptions based
on such sources as bumper-strip slogans (“Guns don’t
kill people, people kill people”) and Michael Moore’s
documentary Bowling for Columbine. A second goal is to
describe an evidence-based approach to firearms policy. We
conclude that a promising strategy for reducing gun violence
is to make guns a legal liability to criminals, a goal that
can be furthered through a variety of both regulatory and
law-enforcement tactics. Furthermore, while existing
“supply side” regulations on gun transfers (what most
people mean by “gun control”) do not appear to have had
much effect, several innovative approaches to shrinking the
illicit market are worth serious consideration.},
Key = {fds266580}
}
@article{fds266581,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Youths' involvement with guns: motivation vs
availability.},
Journal = {Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine},
Volume = {158},
Number = {7},
Pages = {705},
Year = {2004},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.7.705},
Doi = {10.1001/archpedi.158.7.705},
Key = {fds266581}
}
@article{fds266589,
Author = {Azrael, D and Cook, PJ and Miller, M},
Title = {State and local prevalence of firearms ownership
measurement, structure, and trends},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-62},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOQC.0000016699.11995.c7},
Abstract = {Of the readily computed proxies for the prevalence of gun
ownership, one, the percentage of suicides committed with a
gun, is most highly correlated with survey-based estimates.
It is the best choice for use in cross-section analysis of
the effect of gun prevalence on crime patterns across states
and larger counties. Analysis of this proxy measure for the
period 1979-1997 demonstrates that the geographic structure
of gun ownership has been highly stable. That structure is
closely linked to rural tradition. There is, however, some
tendency toward homogenization over this period, with
high-prevalence states trending down and low-prevalence
states trending up.},
Doi = {10.1023/B:JOQC.0000016699.11995.c7},
Key = {fds266589}
}
@article{fds266588,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Does gun prevalence affect teen gun carrying after
all?},
Journal = {Criminology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-54},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0011-1384},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00512.x},
Abstract = {Previous research suggests that American adolescents usually
have ready access to guns, and that the extent of misuse of
guns by adolescents is not much affected by local gun
prevalence or regulation. This "futility" claim is based on
one interpretation of survey data from several cities, but
has not been tested directly. Here we do so using microdata
from a nationally representative survey, the 1995 National
Survey of Adolescent Males. Using the restricted geo-coded
version of these data, and conditioning on an extensive set
of covariates, we find (among other results) that the
likelihood of gun carrying increases markedly with the
prevalence of gun ownership in the given community. We also
analyze the propensity to carry other types of weapons,
finding that it is unrelated to the local prevalence of gun
ownership. The prevalence of youths carrying both guns and
other weapons is positively related to the local rate of
youth violence (as measured by the robbery rate),
confirmatory evidence that weapons carrying by youths is
motivated in part by self-protection.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00512.x},
Key = {fds266588}
}
@article{fds266476,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Can gun control work&quest},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {198-201},
Year = {2004},
Month = {Fall},
ISSN = {1520-6688},
Key = {fds266476}
}
@article{fds266578,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Pricing and Taxation of Alcohol: What is the 'Right' Tax
Rate? Comment on Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {98},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1356-1357},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00515.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00515.x},
Key = {fds266578}
}
@article{fds304154,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Pricing and taxation of alcohol: What is the 'right' tax
rate? Comment on chapter 6: Pricing and taxation},
Journal = {Addiction},
Volume = {98},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1356-1357},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00515.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00515.x},
Key = {fds304154}
}
@article{fds266547,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Meeting the Demand for Expert Advice on Drug
Policy},
Journal = {Criminology and Public Policy},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {565-570},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=408592461&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=15020&RQT=309&VName=PQD},
Abstract = {Cook comments on Manski's essay entitled "Credible Research
Practices to Inform Drug Law Enforcement." Although he
agrees with Manski that the quality of the statistical
evidence is poor, he holds that drug enforcement researchers
have made important contributions in structuring and
defining the drug problem. Moreover, he suggests that the
public interest would be well served if policy makers heeded
the advice of drug policy researchers.},
Key = {fds266547}
}
@article{fds266590,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Fact-free gun policy?},
Journal = {University of Pennsylvania Law Review},
Volume = {151},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1329-1340},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3312931},
Doi = {10.2307/3312931},
Key = {fds266590}
}
@article{fds303089,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The costs of gun violence against children.},
Journal = {The Future of children},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {86-99},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1054-8289},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602740},
Abstract = {Gun violence imposes significant costs on children,
families, and American society as a whole. But these costs
can be difficult to quantify, as much of the burden of gun
violence results from intangible concerns about injury and
death. This article explores several methods for estimating
the costs of gun violence. One method is to assess how much
Americans would be willing to pay to reduce the risk of gun
violence. The authors use this "willingness-to-pay"
framework to estimate the total costs of gun violence. Their
approach yields the following lessons: Although gun violence
has a disproportionate impact on the poor, it imposes costs
on the entire socioeconomic spectrum through increased
taxes, decreased property values, limits on choices of where
to live and visit, and safety concerns. Most of the costs of
gun violence--especially violence against children--result
from concerns about safety. These are not captured by the
traditional public health approach to estimating costs,
which focuses on medical expenses and lost earnings. When
people in a national survey were asked about their
willingness to pay for reductions in gun violence, their
answers suggested that the costs of gun violence are
approximately $100 billion per year, of which at least $15
billion is directly attributable to gun violence against
youth. The authors note that in light of the substantial
costs of gun violence, even modestly effective regulatory
and other interventions may generate benefits to society
that exceed costs.},
Doi = {10.2307/1602740},
Key = {fds303089}
}
@article{fds266464,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Drug War Heresies: Learning from Other Vices, Times, and
Places by Robert J. MacCoun and Peter Reuter. Why Our
Drug Laws Have Failed and What We Can Do About It: A
Judicial Indictment of the War on Drugs by James P.
Gray},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {303-306},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174367800011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/pam.10032},
Key = {fds266464}
}
@article{fds266584,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {The economics of alcohol abuse and alcohol-control
policies.},
Journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {120-133},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0278-2715},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11900152},
Abstract = {Economic research has contributed to the evaluation of
alcohol policy through empirical analysis of the effects of
alcohol-control measures on alcohol consumption and its
consequences. It has also provided an accounting framework
for defining and comparing costs and benefits of alcohol
consumption and related policy interventions, including
excise taxes. The most important finding from the economics
literature is that consumers tend to drink less ethanol, and
have fewer alcohol-related problems, when alcoholic beverage
prices are increased or alcohol availability is restricted.
That set of findings is relevant for policy purposes because
alcohol abuse imposes large "external" costs on others.
Important challenges remain, including developing a better
understanding of the effects of drinking on labor-market
productivity.},
Doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.120},
Key = {fds266584}
}
@article{fds266447,
Author = {Braga, AA and Cook, PJ and Kennedy, DM and Moore,
MH},
Title = {The Illegal Supply of Firearms},
Journal = {Crime and Justice},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {319-352},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: A Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Michael Tonry},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0192-3234},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000179795600006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The case for focusing regulatory and enforcement efforts on
the illegal supply of forearms to criminals rests on the
belief that a supply-side approach has the potential to
reduce the use of guns in violence. The case against this
focus follows from the belief that guns in America are so
readily available, and from such a variety of sources, that
efforts to restrict the supply are futile. Individuals who
are proscribed from buying guns legally (because of their
criminal record or youth) tend to acquire firearms from
“point” sources, such as illegal traffickers and
scofflaw dealers, and “diffuse sources,” including all
sorts of informal transfers from the vast stock of weapons
in private hands. Both are important. The mix within a
jurisdiction appears to depend on the prevalence of gun
ownership and the stringency of state regulations. A variety
of promising supply-side measures are available, and some
have been tried. Lessons have been learned – for example,
that gun “buybacks” are ineffective – but for the most
part any conclusions necessarily are speculative. Systematic
“experimentation” with different tactics appears
warranted.},
Doi = {10.1086/652223},
Key = {fds266447}
}
@article{fds266480,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Drug War Heresies: Learning from Other Vices, Times, and
Places by Robert J. MacCoun and Peter Reuter},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {303-306},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {1520-6688},
Key = {fds266480}
}
@article{fds266583,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Leitzel, JA},
Title = {'Smart' Guns: A Technological Fix for Regulating the
Secondary Gun Market},
Journal = {Contemporary Economic Problems},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-49},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cep/20.1.38},
Doi = {10.1093/cep/20.1.38},
Key = {fds266583}
}
@article{fds266463,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {What price fame?},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {933-935},
Publisher = {AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC},
Year = {2001},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-0515},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000171208300028&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266463}
}
@article{fds266465,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Cost-benefit analysis of heroin maintenance treatment
(medical prescription of narcotics, volume
II)},
Journal = {ADDICTION},
Volume = {96},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1071-1072},
Publisher = {CARFAX PUBLISHING},
Year = {2001},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0965-2140},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000169657400017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266465}
}
@article{fds266596,
Author = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Benefits of Reducing Gun Violence: Evidence from
Contingent-Valuation Survey Data},
Journal = {Journal of Risk and Uncertainty},
Volume = {22},
Number = {3},
Pages = {207-226},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011144500928},
Abstract = {This article presents an estimate of the benefits of
reducing crime using the contingent-valuation (CV) method.
We focus on gun violence, a crime of growing policy concern
in America. Our data come from a national survey in which we
ask respondents referendum-type questions that elicit their
willingness-to-pay (WTP) to reduce gun violence by 30%. We
estimate that the public's WTP to reduce gun assaults by 30%
equals $24.5 billion, or around $1.2 million per injury. Our
estimate implies a statistical value of life that is quite
consistent with those derived from other
methods.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1011144500928},
Key = {fds266596}
}
@article{fds47461,
Author = {PJ Cook and A Braga},
Title = {Comprehensive Firearms Tracing: Strategic and Investigative
Uses of New Data on Firearms Markets},
Journal = {Arizona Law Review},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {277-309},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds47461}
}
@article{fds266585,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Braga, A},
Title = {Comprehensive Firearms Tracing: Strategic and Investigative
Uses of New Data on Firearms Markets},
Journal = {Arizona Law Review},
Volume = {43},
Number = {2},
Pages = {277-309},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds266585}
}
@article{fds266446,
Author = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Impact of the Brady Act on homicide and suicide rates -
Reply},
Journal = {JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION},
Volume = {284},
Number = {21},
Pages = {2720-2721},
Publisher = {AMER MEDICAL ASSOC},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0098-7484},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000165509500019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266446}
}
@article{fds266491,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Chapter 30 Alcohol},
Journal = {Handbook of Health Economics},
Volume = {1},
Number = {PART B},
Pages = {1629-1673},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1574-0064},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80043-8},
Abstract = {Excess drinking is associated with lost productivity,
accidents, disability, early death, crime, neglect of family
responsibilities, and personality deterioration. These and
related concerns have justified special restrictions on
alcoholic-beverage commerce and consumption. The nature and
extent of government involvement in this arena vary widely
over time and place, and are often controversial. Economists
have contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through
empirical work on the effects of alcohol-control measures on
consumption and its consequences. Economics has also
provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing
costs and benefits of interventions, including excise taxes.
Outside of the policy arena, economists have analyzed
alcohol consumption in the context of stretching the
standard model of consumer choice to include intertemporal
effects and social influence. Nonetheless, perhaps the most
important contribution by economists has been the repeated
demonstration that there is nothing unusual about alcohol in
at least one essential respect: consumers drink less ethanol
(and have fewer alcohol-related problems) when
alcohol-beverage prices are increased. Important econometric
challenges remain, including the search for a satisfactory
resolution to the conflicting results on the effect of price
changes on consumption by consumers who tend to drink
heavily. There are also unresolved puzzles about the
relationship between drinking and productivity; even after
controlling for a variety of other characteristics, drinkers
tend to have higher earnings than abstainers, and women's
earnings (but not men's) tend to increase with alcohol
consumption. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80043-8},
Key = {fds266491}
}
@article{fds266493,
Author = {Kleck, G and Marvell, T},
Title = {Impact of the Brady Act on homicide and suicide
rates.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {284},
Number = {21},
Pages = {2718-2719},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.21.2718},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.284.21.2718},
Key = {fds266493}
}
@article{fds266597,
Author = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Homicide and suicide rates associated with implementation of
the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {284},
Number = {5},
Pages = {585-591},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0098-7484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.5.585},
Abstract = {<h4>Context</h4>In February 1994, the Brady Handgun Violence
Prevention Act established a nationwide requirement that
licensed firearms dealers observe a waiting period and
initiate a background check for handgun sales. The effects
of this act have not been analyzed.<h4>Objective</h4>To
determine whether implementation of the Brady Act was
associated with reductions in homicide and suicide
rates.<h4>Design and setting</h4>Analysis of vital
statistics data in the United States for 1985 through 1997
from the National Center for Health Statistics.<h4>Main
outcome measures</h4>Total and firearm homicide and suicide
rates per 100,000 adults (>/=21 years and >/=55 years) and
proportion of homicides and suicides resulting from firearms
were calculated by state and year. Controlling for
population age, race, poverty and income levels, urban
residence, and alcohol consumption, the 32 "treatment"
states directly affected by the Brady Act requirements were
compared with the 18 "control" states and the District of
Columbia, which had equivalent legislation already in
place.<h4>Results</h4>Changes in rates of homicide and
suicide for treatment and control states were not
significantly different, except for firearm suicides among
persons aged 55 years or older (-0.92 per 100,000; 95%
confidence interval [CI], -1.43 to -0.42). This reduction in
suicides for persons aged 55 years or older was much
stronger in states that had instituted both waiting periods
and background checks (-1.03 per 100,000; 95% CI, -1.58 to
-0.47) than in states that only changed background check
requirements (-0.17 per 100,000; 95% CI, -1.09 to
0.75).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Based on the assumption that the
greatest reductions in fatal violence would be within states
that were required to institute waiting periods and
background checks, implementation of the Brady Act appears
to have been associated with reductions in the firearm
suicide rate for persons aged 55 years or older but not with
reductions in homicide rates or overall suicide rates.
However, the pattern of implementation of the Brady Act does
not permit a reliable analysis of a potential effect of
reductions in the flow of guns from treatment-state gun
dealers into secondary markets. JAMA. 2000;284:585-591},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.284.5.585},
Key = {fds266597}
}
@article{fds266456,
Author = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ and Smith, TW},
Title = {Ludwig et al. Respond},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {89},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1442-1442},
Publisher = {American Public Health Association},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000082214600036&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.89.9.1442-a},
Key = {fds266456}
}
@article{fds266490,
Author = {Trent, RB and Van Court and JC and Kim, AN},
Title = {Household gun ownership.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {89},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1442},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.89.9.1442},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.89.9.1442},
Key = {fds266490}
}
@article{fds266492,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Lawrence, BA and Ludwig, J and Miller,
TR},
Title = {The medical costs of gunshot injuries in the United
States.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {282},
Number = {5},
Pages = {447-454},
Year = {1999},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0098-7484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10442660},
Abstract = {<h4>Context</h4>The cost of treating gunshot injuries
imposes a financial burden on society. Estimates of such
costs are relevant to evaluation of gun violence reduction
programs and may help guide reimbursement
policies.<h4>Objectives</h4>To develop reliable US estimates
of the medical costs of treating gunshot injuries and to
present national estimates for the sources of payment for
treating these injuries.<h4>Design and setting</h4>Cost
analysis using E-coded discharge data from hospitals in
Maryland for 1994-1995 and New York for 1994 and from
emergency departments in South Carolina for 1997. Other
sources of data included the National Electronic Injury
Surveillance System for 1994 incidence of nonfatal gun
injuries, the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center
database for 1988-1992 estimates of lifetime medical costs
of gun injuries, and the 1994 Vital Statistics census for
incidence of fatal gun injuries.<h4>Main outcome
measures</h4>Estimated national acute-care and follow-up
treatment costs and payment sources for gunshot
injuries.<h4>Results</h4>At a mean medical cost per injury
of about $17000, the 134445 (95% confidence interval [CI],
109465-159425) gunshot injuries in the United States in 1994
produced $2.3 billion (95% CI, $2.1 billion-$2.5 billion) in
lifetime medical costs (in 1994 dollars, using a 3% real
discount rate), of which $1.1 billion (49%) was paid by US
taxpayers. Gunshot injuries due to assaults accounted for
74% of total costs.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Gunshot injury costs
represent a substantial burden to the medical care system.
Nearly half this cost is borne by US taxpayers.},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.282.5.447},
Key = {fds266492}
}
@article{fds47365,
Author = {PJ Cook and A Parnell and MJ Moore and D Pagnini},
Title = {The Effects of Short-Term Variation in Abortion Funding on
Pregnancy Outcomes},
Journal = {Journal of Health Economics},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {241-258},
Year = {1999},
Abstract = {The appropriations for North Carolina's abortion fund have
proven inadequate during five of the years betweeen 1980 and
1994. This on-again, off-again funding pattern provides a
natural experiment for estimating the short-run effect of
changes in the cost of abortions on the number of abortions
to indigent women. Using an unusually detailed dataset, we
estimate the effects of funding termination on the monthly
abortion and birth rates. Overall, approximately one-third
of pregnancies that would have resulted in an abortion, had
state funds been available, are instead carried to
term.},
Key = {fds47365}
}
@article{fds47457,
Author = {PJ Cook and B Lawrence and J Ludwig and T Miller},
Title = {The Medical Costs of Gunshot Wounds},
Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
Volume = {282},
Number = {5},
Pages = {447-454},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds47457}
}
@article{fds266586,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Lawrence, B and Ludwig, J and Miller,
T},
Title = {The Medical Costs of Gunshot Wounds},
Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
Volume = {282},
Number = {5},
Pages = {447-454},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds266586}
}
@article{fds266587,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Parnell, A and Moore, MJ and Pagnini,
D},
Title = {The Effects of Short-Term Variation in Abortion Funding on
Pregnancy Outcomes},
Journal = {Journal of Health Economics},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {241-258},
Year = {1999},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(98)00048-4},
Abstract = {The appropriations for North Carolina's abortion fund have
proven inadequate during five of the years between 1980 and
1994. This on-again, off-again funding pattern provides a
natural experiment for estimating the short-run effect of
changes in the cost of abortions on the number of abortions
to indigent women. Using an unusually detailed dataset, we
estimate the effects of funding termination on the monthly
abortion and birth rates. Overall, approximately one-third
of pregnancies that would have resulted in an abortion, had
state funds been available, are instead carried to
term.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0167-6296(98)00048-4},
Key = {fds266587}
}
@article{fds266539,
Author = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ and Smith, TW},
Title = {The gender gap in reporting household gun
ownership.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {88},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1715-1718},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=1259610&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examined errors in estimating
household gun ownership that result from interviewing only 1
adult per household.<h4>Methods</h4>Data from 2 recent
telephone surveys and a series of in-person surveys were
used to compare reports of household gun ownership by
husbands and wives.<h4>Results</h4>In the telephone surveys,
the rate of household gun ownership reported by husbands
exceeded wives' reports by an average of 12 percentage
points; husbands' reports also implied 43.3 million more
guns. The median "gender gap" in recent in-person surveys is
7 percentage points.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Future research
should focus on respondents' reports about personally owned
guns.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.88.11.1715},
Key = {fds266539}
}
@article{fds266460,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Safer guns},
Journal = {ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12-12},
Publisher = {NATL ACAD SCIENCES},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0748-5492},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000076437000010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266460}
}
@article{fds266567,
Author = {Teret, SP and Webster, DW and Vernick, JS and Smith, TW and Leff, D and Wintemute, GJ and Cook, PJ and Hawkins, DF and Kellermann, AL and Sorenson, SB and DeFrancesco, S},
Title = {Support for new policies to regulate firearms. Results of
two national surveys.},
Journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
Volume = {339},
Number = {12},
Pages = {813-818},
Year = {1998},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0028-4793},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199809173391206},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>New policy options are emerging in the
debate regarding the regulation of firearms in the United
States. These options include the treatment of firearms as
consumer products, the design of which can be regulated for
safety; denial of gun ownership to those convicted of
misdemeanors; and strategies to curtail the illegal sale of
guns. The public's opinion of these innovative gun-policy
options has not been thoroughly assessed.<h4>Methods</h4>We
conducted two telephone surveys of 1200 adults each in the
United States in 1996 and 1997-1998. Cognitive interviews
and pretests were used in the development of the survey
instruments. Potential participants were then contacted by
random-digit dialing of telephone numbers.<h4>Results</h4>A
majority of the respondents favored safety standards for new
handguns. These standards included childproofing (favored by
88 percent of respondents), personalization (devices that
permit firing only by an authorized person; 71 percent),
magazine safeties (devices that prevent firing after the
magazine or clip is removed; 82 percent), and loaded-chamber
indicators (devices that show whether the handgun is loaded;
73 percent). There was strong support for policies
prohibiting persons convicted of specific misdemeanors from
purchasing a firearm. Support for such prohibitions was
strongest for crimes involving violence or the illegal use
of a firearm (83 to 95 percent) or substance abuse (71 to 92
percent). There was also widespread support for policies
designed to reduce the illegal sale of guns, such as
mandatory tamper-resistant serial numbers (90 percent), a
limit of one handgun purchase per customer per month (81
percent), and mandatory registration of handguns (82
percent). Even among the subgroup of respondents who were
gun owners, a majority were in favor of stricter gun
regulations with regard to 20 of the 22 proposals covered in
the poll.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Strong public support, even
among gun owners, for innovative strategies to regulate
firearms suggests that these proposals warrant serious
consideration by policy makers.},
Doi = {10.1056/nejm199809173391206},
Key = {fds266567}
}
@article{fds266538,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Defensive Gun Uses: New Evidence from a National
Survey},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {111-131},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=11303450&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {The number of civilian defensive gun uses (DGUs) against
criminal attackers is regularly invoked in public policy
debates as a benefit of widespread private ownership of
firearms. Yet there is considerable uncertainty for the
prevalence of civilian DGUs, with estimates ranging from
108,000 (using the National Crime Victimization Survey) to
2.5 million (using smaller telephone surveys) per year. In
this paper we analyze the results of a new national
random-digit-dial telephone survey to estimate the
prevalence of DGU and then discuss the plausibility of the
results in light of other well-known facts and possible
sources of bias in survey data for sensitive behaviors.
Because DGU is a relatively rare event by any measure, a
small proportion of respondents who falsely report a gun use
can produce substantial overestimates of the prevalence of
DGU, even if every true defensive gun user conceals his or
her use. We find that estimates from this new survey are
apparently subject to a large positive bias, which calls
into question the accuracy of DGU estimates based on data
from general-population surveys. Our analysis also suggests
that available survey data are not able to determine whether
reported DGU incidents, even if true, add to or detract from
public health and safety.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1023077303928},
Key = {fds266538}
}
@article{fds266535,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Weighing the “burden of ‘acting white’”: Are there
race differences in attitudes toward education?},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {256-278},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1997},
Month = {Spring},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=9712030902&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {Analyzes the `National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988'
to answer three questions on race differences in attitudes
toward education in the United States. Greater alienation
experienced by blacks toward school than non-Hispanic
whites; Peer penalties for academic success; Impact of
family backgrounds between blacks and whites in the
educational process. Winner of the Vernon Prize for best
paper in Volume 16.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199721)16:2<256::aid-pam4>3.3.co;2-9},
Key = {fds266535}
}
@article{fds266540,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and Hemenway, D},
Title = {The gun debate's new mythical number: How many defensive
uses per year?},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {463-469},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {1997},
Month = {Summer},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997XD96800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Presents information on a number of Americans who use guns
defensively against a criminal attacker each year. Details
on research supporting this fact; Why widespread gun
ownership is a net plus for public safety.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199722)16:3<463::aid-pam6>3.0.co;2-f},
Key = {fds266540}
}
@article{fds340206,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Weighing the OBurden of Acting WhiteO: Are There Race
Differences in Attitudes Towards Education?},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds340206}
}
@article{fds266440,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Kids, guns, and public policy - Foreword},
Journal = {LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-4},
Publisher = {DUKE UNIV},
Editor = {PJ Cook (special},
Year = {1996},
Month = {Winter},
ISSN = {0023-9186},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996WX25900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266440}
}
@article{fds266541,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Leitzel, J},
Title = {Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy: An Economic Analysis of the
Attack on Gun Control},
Journal = {Law and Contemporary Problems},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-118},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1996},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0023-9186%28199624%2959%3A1%3C91%3A%22FJAEA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L},
Doi = {10.2307/1192211},
Key = {fds266541}
}
@article{fds266489,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Leitzel, JA},
Title = {Letters to the editor},
Journal = {Society},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {6-7},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1996},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0147-2011},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02701856},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02701856},
Key = {fds266489}
}
@article{fds266487,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Cole, TB},
Title = {Strategic thinking about gun markets and
violence.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {275},
Number = {22},
Pages = {1765-1767},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0098-7484},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530460069035},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.1996.03530460069035},
Key = {fds266487}
}
@article{fds266568,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Cole, T},
Title = {Editorial: Strategic Thinking About Gun Markets and
Violence},
Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
Volume = {275},
Number = {22},
Pages = {1765-1767},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds266568}
}
@article{fds311234,
Title = {Kids, Guns, and Public Policy},
Journal = {Law and Contemporary Problems : a Quarterly Published by the
Duke University, School of Law},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Publisher = {Duke University School of Law},
Editor = {Cook, PJ},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds311234}
}
@article{fds266593,
Author = {Warner, KE and Cook, PJ and al, E},
Title = {Criteria for Determining an Optimal Cigarette Tax: the
Economists' Perspective},
Journal = {Tobacco Control},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {380-386},
Year = {1995},
Month = {Winter},
Abstract = {In the debate on cigarette taxation, both supporters and
opponents of higher taxes often appeal to economic theory
and analysis. To evaluate the criteria for defining an
optimal cigarette excise tax from the perspective of
economics, the office on Smoking and Health of the US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a
meeting of economists on 5 May 1995. Meeting participants
acknowledged that, by itself, neither the discipline of
economics nor any other could determine what is socially
“right” or “wrong”. However, the economist’s
understanding of efficiency and equity in the workings of
the marketplace can inform the debate, offering insights
relevant to assessing the merits of tax proposals and of
arguments supporting or opposing such proposals. In this
paper, the efficiency and equity considerations that
economists use in evaluating the desirability of a tax are
described and applied to the case of cigarettes. It is
concluded that at present neither the arguments of tax
increase advocates nor those of opponents are well grounded
in economic analysis per se. Additional research based
knowledge of the costs imposed on people other than the
immediate consumers of cigarettes, especially those related
to environmental tobacco smoke, is needed, as is further
understanding of children’s responsiveness to cigarette
price changes. Protection of children constitutes the
strongest argument favoring increased taxation of
cigarettes.},
Key = {fds266593}
}
@article{fds266449,
Author = {COOK, PJ and SKOG, OJ},
Title = {ALCOOL, ALCOOLISME, ALCOOLISATION - COMMENT},
Journal = {ALCOHOL HEALTH & RESEARCH WORLD},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-31},
Publisher = {NATL INST ALCOHOL ABUSE ALCOHOLISM},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-838X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QV60900005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266449}
}
@article{fds376578,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Skog, O-J},
Title = {Alcool, Alcoolisme, Aloolisation.},
Journal = {Alcohol health and research world},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-31},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds376578}
}
@article{fds266542,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Molliconi, S and Cole, TB},
Title = {Regulating Gun Markets},
Journal = {The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
(1973-)},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {59-59},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1995},
ISSN = {0091-4169},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995TM01700004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The article explores issues relating to the secondary gun
market in the U.S. Guns are used in two-thirds of criminal
homicides, and over 80 percent of male homicide victims aged
fifteen to twenty-four die of gunshot wounds. Many
delinquent youths are active in the gun market as both
buyers and sellers, and they acquire guns by borrowing and
stealing them. One objective of the federal gun control law
is to insulate states so that stringent regulations on
firearms commerce adopted in some states will not be
undercut by greater availability of guns in other states. As
of 1993, a majority of states require that handgun buyers
submit to a waiting period and a criminal record check
before taking possession of a handgun. The secondary market
is diverse, similar to the secondary market for motor
vehicles. Word-of-mouth advertising is apparently an
effective means for finding a buyer on the street, and some
people, often drug dealers, deal in guns frequently enough
to become known in this regard. To compete, secondary
sellers have to offer lower prices, both because guns sold
in the secondary market are used and of uncertain quality
and because shopping in the secondary market is
inconvenient.},
Doi = {10.2307/1144000},
Key = {fds266542}
}
@article{fds266557,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Skog, OJ},
Title = {Alcool, alcoolisme, alcoolisation" by S.
Ledermann},
Journal = {Alcohol Health & Research World},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {30-32},
Year = {1995},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=9506020235&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {Discusses the impact of the article `Alcool, Alcoolisme,
Alcoolisation,' by S. Leddermann on the direction of alcohol
research. Original publication in the Volume One Number 29
issue of the `Donnees Scientifique de Caractere
Physiologique, Economique et Social' periodical; Changes
that have occurred since the article was published;
Developing trends as a result of this research.},
Key = {fds266557}
}
@article{fds266452,
Author = {COOK, PJ and MOORE, MJ},
Title = {THIS TAXS FOR YOU - THE CASE FOR HIGHER BEER
TAXES},
Journal = {NATIONAL TAX JOURNAL},
Volume = {47},
Number = {3},
Pages = {559-573},
Publisher = {NATL TAX ASSN},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0028-0283},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994PH70200008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266452}
}
@article{fds266556,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {This Tax's for You},
Journal = {National Tax Journal},
Pages = {559-573},
Year = {1994},
Month = {September},
url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=27614&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=15020&RQT=309&VName=PQD},
Abstract = {Some of the evidence that alcoholic beverages prices
influence the prevalence and social costs of alcohol abuse
is reviewed. The focus is on youths since it is this group
that is most prone to abusing alcohol and that suffers a
disproportionate share of the adverse consequences of abuse.
Since most youthful alcohol consumption is in the form of
beer, the particular concern is documenting the effects of
raising the federal and state beer excise taxes. In the
search for the effective policy instruments to reduce the
social cost of alcohol abuse, excise taxes represent an
attractive option that is currently under used. State and
federal taxes on alcoholic beverages are substantially lower
than warranted by the negative external costs of
consumption. The implicit policy of Congress and most state
legislatures has been to allow inflation to erode the real
value of alcohol taxes, and both taxes and prices are
substantially lower now than in the 1970s and
earlier.},
Key = {fds266556}
}
@article{fds266445,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The matter of tobacco use.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {262},
Number = {5140},
Pages = {1750-1751},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993ML22000047&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.262.5140.1750},
Key = {fds266445}
}
@article{fds266478,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Notes: The "Gambler's Fallacy" in Lottery
Play},
Journal = {Management Science},
Volume = {39},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1521-1525},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {The "gambler's fallacy" is the belief that the probability
of an event is lowered when that event has recently
occurred, even though the probability of the event is
objectively known to be independent from one trial to the
next. This paper provides evidence on the time pattern of
lottery participation to see whether actual behavior is
consistent with this fallacy. Using data from the Maryland
daily numbers game, we find a clear and consistent tendency
for the amount of money bet on a particular number to fall
sharply immediately after it is drawn, and then gradually to
recover to its former level over the course of several
months. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that
lottery players are in fact subject to the gambler's
fallacy.},
Key = {fds266478}
}
@article{fds266550,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Notes: The “Gambler's Fallacy” in Lottery
Play},
Journal = {Management Science},
Volume = {39},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1521-1525},
Publisher = {Institute for Operations Research and the Management
Sciences (INFORMS)},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0025-1909},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993MQ37900008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {<jats:p> The “gambler's fallacy” is the belief that the
probability of an event is lowered when that event has
recently occurred, even though the probability of the event
is objectively known to be independent from one trial to the
next. This paper provides evidence on the time pattern of
lottery participation to see whether actual behavior is
consistent with this fallacy. Using data from the Maryland
daily numbers game, we find a clear and consistent tendency
for the amount of money bet on a particular number to fall
sharply immediately after it is drawn, and then gradually to
recover to its former level over the course of several
months. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that
lottery players are in fact subject to the gambler's
fallacy. </jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1287/mnsc.39.12.1521},
Key = {fds266550}
}
@article{fds47379,
Author = {PJ Cook and CT Clotfelter},
Title = {The Peculiar Scale of Economics of Lotto},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Pages = {634-643},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=128611&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=15020&RQT=309&VName=PQD},
Abstract = {A small state seeking to increase per capita lotto sales has
several options. First, it could increase the fraction of
the handle going into the jackpot. However, the regression
estimate of the "jackpot elasticity of demand" in
Massachusetts suggests that the additional betting
engendered by this ploy will not cover the cost. Second, the
state could seek to mimic the game offered by a larger state
by guaranteeing a large minimum jackpot while changing the
format to produce a corresponding reduction in the
probability of winning. This ploy would surely fail,
however, because the game would lose credibility after going
many weeks without a winner. Third, the state could join
with other states to increase the population base for the
game, and that is what a number of small states have done.
The scale effect evident in lotto forms an interesting
contrast to the scale effect in insurance markets. In
insurance, increasing the scale reduces the investment risk.
In lotto, increasing the scale provides a more risky
instrument. In both cases, bigger is better.},
Key = {fds47379}
}
@article{fds266436,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Confronting Drunk Driving: Social Policy for Saving
Lives},
Journal = {Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law},
Volume = {18},
Number = {1},
Pages = {235-237},
Publisher = {Duke University Press},
Year = {1993},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0361-6878},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993KY53600012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1215/03616878-18-1-235},
Key = {fds266436}
}
@article{fds266488,
Author = {Zwerling, C and McMillan, D and Cook, PJ and Gunderson, P and Johnson,
N and Kellermann, AL and Lee, RK and Loftin, C and Merchant, JA and Teret,
S},
Title = {Firearm injuries: Public health recommendations},
Journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3 SUPPL.},
Pages = {52-56},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30680-9},
Doi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30680-9},
Key = {fds266488}
}
@article{fds304153,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Notes on the availability and prevalence of
firearms},
Journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3 SUPPL.},
Pages = {33-38},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30676-7},
Abstract = {Legislators have formulated a variety of state and federal
regulations to make obtaining firearms more difficult for
dangerous people. Even though this goal may appear hopeless
in the face of the 150-200 million guns currently in
circulation, both evidence and economic logic suggest
otherwise. Guns are scarce commodities, and policies that
would make them scarcer, to reduce violent crimes that
involve guns, warrant consideration. Possibilities include
state-level regulation of gun dealers, interdiction of black
markets where stolen guns are fenced, and an increase in the
federal excise tax on guns.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30676-7},
Key = {fds304153}
}
@article{fds266558,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Violence Reduction through Restrictions on Alcohol
Availability},
Journal = {Alcohol Health & Research World},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {151-156},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1502237&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=15020&RQT=309&VName=PQD},
Abstract = {It is suggested that the link between alcohol and violence
is relevant to evaluating alcohol control policies and that
policies that can curtail the use or abuse of alcohol among
people who may be prone to violence can reduce the incidence
of violent crime.},
Key = {fds266558}
}
@article{fds266569,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Notes on the Availability and Prevalence of
Firearms},
Journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3,supp},
Pages = {33-38},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {0749-3797},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LK71100009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Legislators have formulated a variety of state and federal
regulations to make obtaining firearms more difficult for
dangerous people. Even though this goal may appear hopeless
in the face of the 150-200 million guns currently in
circulation, both evidence and economic logic suggest
otherwise. Guns are scarce commodities, and policies that
would make them scarcer, to reduce violent crimes that
involve guns, warrant consideration. Possibilities include
state-level regulation of gun dealers, interdiction of black
markets where stolen guns are fenced, and an increase in the
federal excise tax on guns.},
Key = {fds266569}
}
@article{fds266579,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Drinking and Schooling},
Journal = {Journal of Health Economics},
Volume = {12},
Number = {4},
Pages = {411-429},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6296(93)90003-w},
Abstract = {We employ the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data to
explore the effect of youthful drinking on years of
schooling and on the likelihood of college graduation. Our
instruments for youthful drinking include the state beer tax
and the minimum purchase age. Reduced form equations are
also estimated. Our results indicate that heavy drinking in
high school reduces the average number of years of schooling
completed following high school. Other things equal,
students who spend their high school years in states with
relatively high taxes and minimum age are more likely to
graduate from college.},
Doi = {10.1016/0167-6296(93)90003-w},
Key = {fds266579}
}
@article{fds355100,
Author = {ZWERLING, C and MCMILLAN, D and COOK, PJ and GUNDERSON, P and JOHNSON,
N and KELLERMAN, AL and LEE, RK and LOFTIN, C and MERCHANT, JA and TERET,
S},
Title = {FIREARM INJURIES - PUBLIC-HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {52-55},
Year = {1993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30680-9},
Doi = {10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30680-9},
Key = {fds355100}
}
@article{fds266458,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Kleiman, MAR and Zimring, FE and Hawkins,
G},
Title = {Against Excess: Drug Policy for Results},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {716-716},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1992},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1992JN14000013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/3324968},
Key = {fds266458}
}
@article{fds266551,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Clotfelter, CT},
Title = {The Peculiar Scale Economies of Lotto},
Volume = {83},
Number = {3},
Pages = {634-643},
Year = {1991},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-8282},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993LJ37000019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266551}
}
@article{fds266552,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Lotteries in the real world},
Journal = {Journal of Risk and Uncertainty},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {227-232},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1991},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0895-5646},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=16620366&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {Observed patterns of lottery play suggest that many players
believe they can improve their chance of winning by
adjusting their bets according to which numbers have won in
recent drawings, or in response to their dreams or other
portents. This skill orientation is encouraged by state
lottery advertising, which tends to be misleading in other
respects as well. Patterns of lottery play and the content
of lottery commercials provide readily available
illustrations of psychological tendencies in risky
decision-making that have been documented in laboratory
experiments. © 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00114154},
Key = {fds266552}
}
@article{fds266485,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Juarez, P and Lee, RK and Loftin, C and Marshall, OA and Murrain, WA and Roth, JA and Ryan, J and Smith, GK and Spivak,
H},
Title = {Weapons and minority youth violence.},
Journal = {Public health reports (Washington, D.C. :
1974)},
Volume = {106},
Number = {3},
Pages = {254-258},
Year = {1991},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds266485}
}
@article{fds266592,
Author = {Clotfelter, and Charles, T and Philip, JC},
Title = {What Kind of Lottery for North Carolina?},
Journal = {Popular Government},
Volume = {56},
Number = {4},
Pages = {25-29},
Year = {1991},
Month = {Spring},
Abstract = {In this time of fiscal distress, the lottery—the
“voluntary tax”—can be an appealing option. The North
Carolina Senate passed a bill in the 1990 session that
mandated a public referendum on the creation of a state
lottery, and a similar bill is being considered by both
houses of the General Assembly this year. If it passes, it
would place the question of a lottery on the November 5,
1991, ballot. Our state has held out longer than most: there
are thirty-three state lotteries currently in operation,
with half of them in business for more than a decade. What
will it mean for North Carolina if we join in? The answer,
we believe, depends to some extent on how the lottery agency
would be structured and what restrictions would be placed on
lottery operations. In this article we review the experience
of other states as a basis for making a few predictions and
recommendations about a North Carolina lottery.},
Key = {fds266592}
}
@article{fds266439,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Brenner, R and Brenner, GA},
Title = {Gambling and Speculation: A Theory, a History, and a Future
of Some Human Decisions.},
Journal = {Contemporary Sociology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {70-70},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0094-3061},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991EV76600063&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/2072088},
Key = {fds266439}
}
@article{fds266324,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {On the Economics of State Lotteries (shorter
version)},
Journal = {The Conference Board of Economic Times},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds266324}
}
@article{fds266455,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Tonry, M and Wilson, JQ},
Title = {Drugs and Crime},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {695-695},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1991},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GJ24300015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/3324996},
Key = {fds266455}
}
@article{fds266477,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Drugs and crime, edited by Michael Tonry and James Q.
Wilson. Volume 13 of Crime and Justice: A Review of
Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990, 574
pp. Price: $39.95 cloth, $19.95 paper},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {695-698},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds266477}
}
@article{fds266553,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {On the Economics of State Lotteries},
Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {105-119},
Publisher = {American Economic Association},
Year = {1990},
Month = {Fall},
ISSN = {0895-3309},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990EJ39800007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {<jats:p> This article examines several aspects of the
economics of state lotteries, focusing primarily on the
demand for lottery products. We begin by giving a
descriptive overview. The succeeding sections examine the
motivations for playing lottery games and evidence on the
determinants of lottery demand. The final section considers
the welfare economics of the apparent objective of
lotteries—to maximize profits for the state.
</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1257/jep.4.4.105},
Key = {fds266553}
}
@article{fds266554,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Redefining “success” in the state lottery
business},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-104},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1990},
Month = {Winter},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CF85300008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Assesses implications of the state lottery business in the
United States. Maximization of lottery revenues; Options
that lottery managers used to increase their sales;
Alternatives to revenue lottery; Perception that lotteries
should accommodate rather than encourage
gambling.},
Doi = {10.2307/3325117},
Key = {fds266554}
}
@article{fds289584,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Redefining “success” in the state lottery
business},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-104},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds289584}
}
@article{fds266595,
Author = {Walsh, DC and Cook, PJ and Davis, K and Grant, M and Sulkunen, P and Vaillant, GE and Delbanco, TL},
Title = {The cultural dimensions of alcohol policy
worldwide.},
Journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Pages = {48-62},
Year = {1989},
Month = {Summer},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.8.2.48},
Abstract = {For a polyglot society like the United States, cultural
factors such as these create a pastiche of competing
definitions and values that frustrate attempts to build
consensus or comprehensive policy. Americans therefore can
learn much from a cross-cultural exploration of styles of
alcohol use, perceptions of associated problems, and
attitudes toward control. Two main lessons stand out from
international comparisons. First, effective alcohol policy
must take account of tensions between health considerations
and political, economic, and social forces, as well as
deeper cultural meanings attached to alcohol and its use.
Second, a wide range of policy options can be subsumed in a
general analytic framework that highlights the levers and
the targets of efforts to control the harmful effects of
alcohol.},
Doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.8.2.48},
Key = {fds266595}
}
@article{fds266471,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {A sociolegal problem: social control of the drinking
driver.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {241},
Number = {4865},
Pages = {603-604},
Year = {1988},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988P435000047&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1126/science.241.4865.603},
Key = {fds266471}
}
@article{fds266534,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Increasing the federal excise taxes on alcoholic
beverages},
Journal = {Journal of Health Economics},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {89-91},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0167-6296},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6296(88)90008-2},
Doi = {10.1016/0167-6296(88)90008-2},
Key = {fds266534}
}
@article{fds266457,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {An Introduction to Vice},
Journal = {Law and Contemporary Problems},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-1},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0023-9186},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988R920800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1191712},
Key = {fds266457}
}
@article{fds316969,
Author = {, },
Title = {Vice},
Journal = {Law and Contemporary Problems : a Quarterly Published by the
Duke University, School of Law},
Publisher = {Duke University School of Law},
Editor = {Cook, PJ},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds316969}
}
@article{fds266555,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Implicit Taxation in Lottery Finance},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {533-546},
Year = {1987},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0028-0283},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1987L735900002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {State lotteries as they are operated in the United States
today involve four distinct aspects: legalization of lottery
games, monopolistic provision by the state, marketing of
lottery products, and extraction of a portion of the surplus
they derive from sales for state revenue. In this paper we
use conventional tools of applied public finance to examine
the implicit tax levied by lottery agencies through this
fourth function. We examine the incidence of the implicit
lottery tax, focusing on the dominant lottery games used in
the 1980s. We find that the implicit tax is regressive in
virtually all cases. We then consider whether the implicit
tax rate on lotteries is too high, comparing that rate to
excise tax rates on alcohol and tobacco.},
Key = {fds266555}
}
@article{fds266484,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Robbery violence},
Journal = {Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology},
Volume = {78},
Number = {2},
Pages = {357-376},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0091-4169%28198722%2978%3A2%3C357%3ARV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W},
Doi = {10.2307/1143453},
Key = {fds266484}
}
@article{fds266574,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Laub, JH},
Title = {The (Surprising) stability of youth crime
rates},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {265-277},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1986},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0748-4518},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066530},
Abstract = {Despite the profound demographic and socioeconomic changes
characterizing family life in recent years, youth crime
rates have remained more or less constant since 1971. This
finding is of interest given the intense public concern
regarding the welfare of children. It also serves as a
convenient basis for projecting the future volume of youth
crime. © 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01066530},
Key = {fds266574}
}
@article{fds266543,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Relationship Between Victime Resistance and Injury in
Noncommercial Robbery},
Journal = {Journal of Legal Studies},
Volume = {XV},
Number = {1},
Pages = {405-416},
Year = {1986},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0047-2530},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0047-2530%28198606%2915%3A2%3C405%3ATRBVRA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T},
Doi = {10.1086/467819},
Key = {fds266543}
}
@article{fds304150,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Relationship between Victim Resistance and Injury in
Noncommercial Robbery},
Journal = {The Journal of Legal Studies},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {405-416},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1986},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0047-2530},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986D041700008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1086/467819},
Key = {fds304150}
}
@article{fds266575,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Zarkin, G},
Title = {Homicide and Economic Conditions},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-80},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0748-4518},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064596},
Abstract = {M. Harvey Brenner has produced two influential studies of
the social costs of unemployment, economic inequality, and
economic growth, both sponsored by the Joint Economic
Committee of the U.S. Congress. This paper reports the
results of an effort to reproduce Brenner’s findings for
homicide from his more recent (1984) study. Our conclusions
are as follows. (1) Although not obvious from his write-up,
Brenner’s 1984 results differ substantively from his
earlier results. (2) We are unable to reproduce his reported
findings. (3) There are serious methodological problems with
his procedure for choosing a regression specification.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01064596},
Key = {fds266575}
}
@article{fds304152,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Zarkin, GA},
Title = {Homicide and economic conditions: A replication and critique
of M. Harvey Brenner's new report to the U.S.
Congress},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-80},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0748-4518},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064596},
Abstract = {M. Harvey Brenner has produced two influential studies of
the social costs of unemployment, economic inequality, and
economic growth, both sponsored by the Joint Economic
Committee of the U.S. Congress. This paper reports the
results of an effort to reproduce Brenner's findings for
homicide from his more recent (1984) study. Our conclusions
are as follows. (1) Although not obvious from his write-up,
Brenner's 1984 results differ substantively from his earlier
results. (2) We are unable to reproduce his reported
findings. (3) There are serious methodological problems with
his procedure for choosing a regression specification. ©
1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01064596},
Key = {fds304152}
}
@article{fds266467,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Demand and Supply of Criminal Opportunities},
Journal = {Crime and Justice},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {1-27},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Michael Tonry and Norval Morris},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0192-3234},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449111},
Abstract = {Criminal opportunity theory provides a framework for
examining the interaction between potential offenders and
potential victims. Criminals’ behavior influences the
nature and amount of self-protective measures taken by
potential victims, and changes in self-protection make
criminal opportunities more or less attractive. Criminal
opportunity theory has precursors in criminological theory,
preeminently in the work of Cloward and Ohlin, but in these
theories opportunities are mediated through social learning.
Criminal opportunity theory employs the economic theory of
markets to describe and predict how criminals and victims
interact. Evidence is available that potential victims take
more self-protection measures when the perceived risk of
victimization is greater and that prospective criminals are
likelier to attack relatively more vulnerable targets.
Little research is available on whether increases in
self-protection reduce the total volume of crime or merely
displace crime to more vulnerable targets; the extent of
displacement probably differs among offenses. The market
perspective has several benefits to the investigation of
interaction between potential victims and offenders: it
assembles different topics encompassed by criminal
opportunity theory into a coherent whole, it is expressed in
a form that facilitates borrowing from economic theory, and
it generates new and important insights for policy
evaluation and criminological theory. One central insight is
that law enforcement strategies may alter the quality of
opportunities and thereby precipitate additional crime.
Effective incapacitation or rehabilitation policies, for
example, may reduce the number of offenders in circulation
and thereby reduce the perceived risk of victimization. This
may cause individuals to reduce their self-protection
efforts, making them more attractive targets than before and
thereby stimulating increased crime rates on the part of
those criminals who remain active.},
Doi = {10.1086/449111},
Key = {fds266467}
}
@article{fds266468,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, RH},
Title = {Social Behavior},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {117-117},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E734800019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/3324091},
Key = {fds266468}
}
@article{fds266570,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The case of the missing victims: Gunshot woundings in the
National Crime Survey},
Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-102},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1985},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0748-4518},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065250},
Abstract = {National Crime Survey (NCS) data yield an estimate that
171,000 Americans were nonfatally shot in criminal assaults,
robberies, and rapes for the period 1973-1979. Comparing
this estimate with the number of firearms homicides during
this period suggests either that the death rate in gunshot
cases is very high (over 1/3) or that the NCS estimate is
low. Based on police-generated data appropriate to
estimating the true death rate from gunshot wounds, it
appears that the NCS estimate is low by a factor of about
3.0 compared with the number of criminal gunshot woundings
known to the police. It is common knowledge that
survey-based estimates of assault rates tend to be
relatively unreliable, a fact that has been attributed to
problems with respondents being willing and able to recall
threats, fist fights, and other minor assaults. The current
result indicates that the estimation problem is not limited
to minor assaults. There is reason to think that the
underestimate of gunshot woundings is the result of problems
with the NCS sample as well as problems with respondent
cooperation. © 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01065250},
Key = {fds266570}
}
@article{fds266594,
Author = {Wilson, JQ and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Unemployment and Crime--What is the Connection?},
Journal = {The Public Interest},
Volume = {79},
Number = {79},
Pages = {3-8},
Year = {1985},
Month = {Spring},
Key = {fds266594}
}
@article{fds266544,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Is robbery becoming more violent? An analysis of robbery
murder trends since 1968},
Journal = {Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology},
Volume = {76},
Number = {2},
Pages = {480-489},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1985},
Month = {Summer},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0091-4169%28198522%2976%3A2%3C480%3AIRBMVA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V},
Abstract = {According to the police-generated data, 1973 was a turning
point. Robbery murders as a percentage of both total
homicides and total robberies were increasing before 1973,
but not thereafter. Indeed, a substantial reduction in the
robbery murder-robbery ratio occurred in 1981. Thus, there
is little support for the fears that there is a new breed of
street criminals who cause more serious injuries and deaths
in robberies. Very recent trends point in the other
direction. Killing a robbery victim appears to be going out
of fashion.},
Doi = {10.2307/1143614},
Key = {fds266544}
}
@article{fds266548,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Zarkin, GA},
Title = {Crime and the Business Cycle},
Journal = {The Journal of Legal Studies},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {115-128},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2530},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AAE9100005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1086/467767},
Key = {fds266548}
}
@article{fds266536,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Vaupel, JW},
Title = {What Policy Analysts Do: Three Research Styles},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {427-427},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1985},
Month = {Spring},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AGJ7500011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Focuses on the characteristics of three styles of social
science research conducted by policy analysts. Policy
analysis related to students' activities after graduation;
Definition of policy research agenda by problems; Derivation
of solutions from given information in Applied Social
Science Research.},
Doi = {10.2307/3324197},
Key = {fds266536}
}
@article{fds266533,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Use of Criminal Statutes to Regulate Product Safety:
Comment on Wheeler},
Journal = {The Journal of Legal Studies},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3},
Pages = {619-622},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1984},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0047-2530},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TN24400014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1086/467762},
Key = {fds266533}
}
@article{fds266559,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Tauchen, G},
Title = {The Effect of Minimum Drinking Age Legislation on Youthful
Auto Fatalities, 1970-1977},
Journal = {The Journal of Legal Studies},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {169-190},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0047-2530},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0047-2530%28198401%2913%3A1%3C169%3ATEOMDA%3E2.0CO%3B2-R},
Doi = {10.1086/467738},
Key = {fds266559}
}
@article{fds266444,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Deterring the Drinking Driver},
Journal = {Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4},
Pages = {958-961},
Publisher = {Duke University Press},
Year = {1983},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0361-6878},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983QJ88100011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1215/03616878-7-4-958},
Key = {fds266444}
}
@article{fds266560,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Alcohol taxes as a public health measure.},
Journal = {British journal of addiction},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {245-250},
Year = {1982},
Month = {September},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=6273185&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {Prices of alcoholic beverages in the US have declined
sharply over the last two decades relative to the overall
rate of price inflation, in part because federal alcohol
excise taxes have not been increased since 1951. There is
strong evidence that an increase in alcohol taxes would
reduce the prevalence of chronic heavy drinking; this
evidence, summarized here, is based on an analysis of the
effect of changes in state liquor taxes rates on cirrhosis
mortality. Thus alcohol taxation is an effective public
health policy investment. Alcohol taxes are also fairly well
targeted, in the sense that a large fraction of tax revenues
are collected from those whose alcohol consumption level
places them at risk for health problems and other
alcohol-related problems.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02453.x},
Key = {fds266560}
}
@article{fds266561,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Tauchen, G},
Title = {The Effect of Liquor Taxes on Heavy Drinking},
Journal = {The Bell Journal of Economics},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {379-379},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0361-915X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PX95100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {In this article we present the strongest evidence to date
that chronic heavy drinkers' consumption is responsive to
changes in the price of liquor. We estimate that an increase
in the liquor excise tax by one dollar (1967 prices) per
proof gallon reduces the liver cirrhosis mortality rate by
5.4% in the short run and by perhaps twice that amount in
the long run. (The liver cirrhosis mortality rate is a
reliable proxy for the prevalence of chronic excess
consumption.) Our estimate is based on an analysis of
covariance of annual state-level data, for a 16-year panel
of 30 states, with state excise taxes and per capita income
as the covariates. Of course, our estimate is not sufficient
to determine whether an increase in the liquor tax is
worthwhile, much less to determine an "optimal" tax. It is,
however, an important datum for making these
determinations.},
Doi = {10.2307/3003461},
Key = {fds266561}
}
@article{fds266310,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Hawley, K},
Title = {North Carolina's Pistol Permit Law: An Evaluation},
Journal = {Popular Government},
Pages = {1-6},
Booktitle = {Popular Government},
Year = {1981},
Month = {May},
Abstract = {A pistol purchaser in North Carolina must obtain a permit in
his county of residence—from the sheriff (in 81 counties)
or clerk of superior court (in 19 counties)—before he can
take possession of the gun. This article, based on a survey
in 81 counties and an intensive investigation of six urban
counties, will describe in detail how the pistol permit
works.},
Key = {fds266310}
}
@article{fds266448,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Gun Availability on Violent Crime
Patterns},
Journal = {The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science},
Volume = {455},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-79},
Booktitle = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1981},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-7162},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000271628145500107},
Abstract = {<jats:p> Social scientists have started to find answers to
some of the questions raised in the ongoing debate over gun
control. The basic factual issue in this debate concerns the
effect of gun availability on the distribution, seriousness,
and number of violent crimes. Some evidence is available on
each of these dimensions of the violent crime problem. The
distribution of violent crimes among different types of
victims is governed in part by the "vulnerability pattern"
in weapon choice. The seriousness of robbery and assault
incidents is influenced by weapon type, as indicated by the
objective dangerousness and instrumental violence pattern. A
reduc tion in gun availability would cause some weapon
substitution and probably little change in overall robbery
and assault rates—but the homicide rate would be reduced.
</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.1177/000271628145500107},
Key = {fds266448}
}
@article{fds266545,
Author = {Cook, P},
Title = {The 'saturday night special': An assessment of alternative
definitions from a policy perspective},
Journal = {Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1735-1745},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1981},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0091-4169%28198124%2972%3A4%3C1735%3AT%22NSAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N},
Doi = {10.2307/1143251},
Key = {fds266545}
}
@article{fds266571,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Blose, J},
Title = {State Programs for Screening Handgun Buyers},
Journal = {The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science},
Volume = {455},
Number = {1},
Pages = {80-91},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-7162},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981LU07400008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Three to five million handguns change hands each year.
Almost half the states—including 64 percent of the
population—require that buyers be screened by the police,
with the objective of preventing certain groups of po
tentially dangerous people—felons, fugitives, ex-mental pa
tients, drug addicts, and so forth—from obtaining
handguns. These state systems operate within the federal
framework created by the Gun Control Act of 1968, which
requires that most all interstate transactions in firearms
be handled by federally licensed dealers or manufacturers.
The states& main problems are 1 weak federal regulation of
licensees, (2 incomplete state criminal history files, and 3
the difficulty of regulating hand-to-hand transactions in
used handguns. States that wish to increase the
effectiveness of their screen ing systems will probably have
to assume responsibility for regulating retail dealers and
will have to institute civil liability for dealers and
individual gun owners, together with a more comprehensive
registration system, to make the screening system more
difficult to circumvent. © 1981, Sage Publications. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/000271628145500108},
Key = {fds266571}
}
@article{fds266546,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Guns and Crime: The Perils of Long Division},
Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {120-120},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1981},
Month = {Fall},
ISSN = {0276-8739},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MU96100008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Analyzes the use of handguns in crime in the U.S. Rates of
handgun suicide and fatal handgun accident; Mathematical
relationship between crime involvement rate and the
probability of criminal use.},
Doi = {10.2307/3324114},
Key = {fds266546}
}
@article{fds305859,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Leitzel, JA},
Title = {Gun Control},
Journal = {Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science},
Number = {May},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications (UK and US)},
Editor = {Cook, PJ},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds305859}
}
@article{fds266462,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Witte, AD and Heineke, JM},
Title = {Economic Models of Criminal Behavior},
Journal = {Southern Economic Journal},
Volume = {46},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1255-1255},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1980},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0038-4038},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JP34600031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.2307/1057268},
Key = {fds266462}
}
@article{fds266572,
Author = {COOK, PJ},
Title = {REDUCING INJURY AND DEATH RATES IN ROBBERY},
Journal = {POLICY ANALYSIS},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-45},
Publisher = {UNIV CALIF PRESS},
Year = {1980},
Month = {Winter},
ISSN = {0098-2067},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JC35600002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The author presents a variety of evidence that a large
fraction of injuries and deaths in robbery are the result of
the robber’s unprovoked decision to harm the victim. This
finding supports a policy of sentencing enhancements for
robbery injury. Sentencing enhancements for the use of a gun
in robbery may reduce the robbery murder rate, but at the
cost of an increased injury rate.},
Key = {fds266572}
}
@article{fds266576,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The clearance rate as a measure of criminal justice system
effectiveness},
Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {135-142},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1979},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0047-2727},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(79)90050-1},
Abstract = {The validity of the clearance rate as a measure of either
criminal justice system (CJS) effectiveness or of the
probability of punishment for crime can be questioned on the
grounds that the relationship between CJS effectiveness and
observed clearance rates is mediated by the choice behavior
of criminals. If the clearance rate is endogenous in that
sense, then recent econometric results concerning the
deterrence effect of punishment are fundamentally flawed. A
model of criminal adaptation to changes in CJS effectiveness
illustrates the basic problem. © 1979.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(79)90050-1},
Key = {fds266576}
}
@article{fds266573,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Gun Availability on Robbery and Robbery
Murder: A Cross-Section Study of Fifty Cities},
Journal = {Policy Studies Review Annual},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {743-781},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds266573}
}
@article{fds266437,
Author = {COOK, PJ},
Title = {PRISONERS AMONG US - PROBLEM OF PAROLE -
STANLEY,DT},
Journal = {POLICY ANALYSIS},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {139-141},
Publisher = {UNIV CALIF PRESS},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0098-2067},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978EK58700014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266437}
}
@article{fds266562,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The value of human life in the demand for safety:
Comment},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {68},
Number = {4},
Pages = {710-711},
Year = {1978},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0002-8282},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1978FN12400020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Presents a derivation of B. Conley's justification for the
use of labor earnings measure of the value of life which
states that the value of life saving is greater than the
discounted lifetime labor income. Elasticity of utility with
respect to lifetime consumption; Relation between utility
associated with death and utility associated with positive
level of consumption.},
Key = {fds266562}
}
@article{fds266549,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Punishment and Crime: A Critique of Recent Findings on the
Preventive Effects of Punishment},
Journal = {Law and Contemporary Problems},
Volume = {41},
Number = {1},
Pages = {164-204},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1977},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0023-9186%28197724%2941%3A1%3C164%3APACACO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5},
Doi = {10.2307/1191234},
Key = {fds266549}
}
@article{fds266528,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Graham, DA},
Title = {The Demand for Insurance and Protection: The Case of
Irreplaceable Commodities},
Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
Volume = {91},
Number = {1},
Pages = {143-143},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1977},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0033-5533},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2637 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {This article evaluates the new theoretical characterization
of commodities and develops some results concerning the
demand for insurance in the U.S. A rational individual,
risk-averse with respect to lotteries on wealth, will
typically not fully insure an irreplaceable commodity and
may even choose to bet against losing it. In assessing the
benefit of an increase in public protection activity, the
correct value of a commodity is bracketed by the amount of
money the owner would pay to avoid its loss and the amount
of money required to fully compensate him for its
loss.},
Doi = {10.2307/1883142},
Key = {fds266528}
}
@article{fds266442,
Author = {COOK, PJ},
Title = {PUBLIC-POLICY EVALUATION - DOLBEARE,KM},
Journal = {POLICY ANALYSIS},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {604-606},
Publisher = {UNIV CALIF PRESS},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0098-2067},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DY62100019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266442}
}
@article{fds266461,
Author = {COOK, PJ},
Title = {A Plea To Deter Hasty Conclusions About Deterrence
Research},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {351-352},
Publisher = {Portico},
Year = {1976},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0010-7549},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1976BR20000026&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/015129},
Key = {fds266461}
}
@article{fds266438,
Author = {COOK, PJ and VAUPEL, JW},
Title = {VALUING LIVES - FOREWORD},
Journal = {LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1-4},
Publisher = {DUKE UNIV},
Editor = {P.J. Cook},
Year = {1976},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0023-9186},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1976EE92300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266438}
}
@article{fds305860,
Title = {Valuing Lives: When and How Should Society Spend its Scarce
Resources to Decrease Mortality},
Journal = {Law and contemporary problems},
Publisher = {Duke University School of Law},
Editor = {Cook, PJ and Vaupel, JW},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds305860}
}
@article{fds266466,
Author = {COOK, PJ},
Title = {CORRECTIONAL CARROT - BETTER JOBS FOR PAROLEES},
Journal = {POLICY ANALYSIS},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-54},
Publisher = {UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0098-2067},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AE71000002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266466}
}
@article{fds266563,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, RH},
Title = {The effect of unemployment dispersion on the rate of wage
inflation},
Journal = {Journal of Monetary Economics},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {241-249},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0304-3932},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(70)90008-5},
Doi = {10.1016/0304-3932(70)90008-5},
Key = {fds266563}
}
@article{fds266577,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Correctional Carrot: The Prospect of Reducing Recidivism
through Improved Job Opportunities},
Journal = {Policy Analysis},
Pages = {11-54},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {How can men who have been released from prison be deterred
from returning to crime? Our present “correctional”
system does not correct, and most experiments with
innovative rehabilitation techniques have reached negative
conclusions. The most promising avenue for future research
is job creation and on-the-job training programs for
released prisoners. Original results presented here give an
empirical characterization of the labor market confronting
parolees and demonstrate that job satisfaction is associated
with parole success.},
Key = {fds266577}
}
@article{fds266537,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {A 'One Line' Proof of the Slutsky Equation},
Journal = {The American Economic Review},
Pages = {139},
Year = {1972},
Month = {March},
url = {http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&an=4502321&site=ehost&scope=site},
Abstract = {This article discusses the key features of consumer theory
on individual consumers' reaction to changes in the market
price of commodities. The discussion presented that market
price of a commodity can be broken into vectors of
substitution effects and income effects. The price effect
can be used on the Slutsky equation if the expenditure
includes an expenditure function. The article has presented
the equation used to determine the minimum expenditure
necessary for the consumer to achieve any utility level if
the consumer income faces a vector of commodity
prices.},
Key = {fds266537}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds363922,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The demand and supply of criminal opportunities},
Pages = {127-153},
Booktitle = {Crime Opportunity Theories: Routine Activity, Rational
Choice and their Variants},
Year = {2017},
Month = {July},
ISBN = {9780754629702},
Abstract = {Criminal opportunity theory provides a framework for
examining the interaction between potential offenders and
potential victims. Criminals' behavior influences the nature
and amount of self-protective measures taken by potential
victims, and changes in self-protection make criminal
opportunities more or less attractive. Criminal opportunity
theory has precursors in criminological theory, preeminently
in the work of Cloward and Ohlin, but in these theories
opportunities are mediated through social learning. Criminal
opportunity theory employs the economic theory of markets to
describe and predict how criminals and victims interact.
Evidence is available that potential victims take more
self-protection measures when the perceived risk of
victimization is greater and that prospective criminals are
likelier to attack relatively more vulnerable targets.
Little research is available on whether increases in
self-protection reduce the total volume of crime or merely
displace crime to more vulnerable targets; the extent of
displacement probably differs among offenses. The market
perspective has several benefits to the investigation of
interaction between potential victims and offenders: it
assembles different topics encompassed by criminal
opportunity theory into a coherent whole, it is expressed in
a form that facilitates borrowing from economic theory, and
it generates new and important insights for policy
evaluation and criminological theory. One central insight is
that law enforcement strategies may alter the quality of
opportunities and thereby precipitate additional crime.
Effective incapacitation or rehabilitation policies, for
example, may reduce the number of offenders in circulation
and thereby reduce the perceived risk of victimization. This
may cause individuals to reduce their self-protection
efforts, making them more attractive targets than before and
thereby stimulating increased crime rates on the part of
those criminals who remain active.},
Key = {fds363922}
}
@misc{fds303078,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Robbery Violence},
Booktitle = {Gun Violence},
Publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Ltd.},
Editor = {Hornsby, R and Hobbs, R},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds303078}
}
@misc{fds303081,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The Burden of 'Acting White:' Do Black Adolescents Disparage
Academic Achievement?},
Booktitle = {Minority status, Oppositional Culture and Academic
Engagement},
Publisher = {RoutledgeFarmer},
Editor = {Ogbu, JU},
Year = {2015},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds303081}
}
@misc{fds366789,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Interventions in the Illicit Tobacco Market: Policy and
Regulatory Options},
Pages = {111-138},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366789}
}
@misc{fds366790,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Possible Changes in Tobacco Products: Considering Consumer
and Supply Responses},
Pages = {173-196},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366790}
}
@misc{fds366791,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {UNDERSTANDING THE US ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET Characteristics,
Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences
Introduction},
Pages = {13-30},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366791}
}
@misc{fds366792,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Participants in the Illicit Tobacco Market},
Pages = {55-76},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366792}
}
@misc{fds366793,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Interventions in the Illicit Tobacco Market: International
Case Studies},
Pages = {161-172},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366793}
}
@misc{fds366794,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Interventions in the Illicit Tobacco Market: Law
Enforcement},
Pages = {139-160},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366794}
}
@misc{fds366795,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {UNDERSTANDING THE US ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET Characteristics,
Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences
Summary},
Pages = {1-+},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366795}
}
@misc{fds366796,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Characteristics of the Illicit Tobacco Market},
Pages = {31-54},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366796}
}
@misc{fds366797,
Author = {Reuter, P and Bouchard, M and Chaloupka, FJ and Cook, PJ and Farrelly,
MC and Fong, GT and Harmon, RA and Kleemans, ER and Kottak, CP and Levi, M and Owens, E and Rees, VW and So, AD and von Lampe, K and Wipfli, H and Majmundar, M and Schuck, JA and Backes, E and Boyd, B and Ghitelman, M and Green, LG and Travis, J and Peterson, RD and Bell, CC and Donohue,
JJIII and Fullilove, M and Kleiman, MAR and Lafree, G and Lauritsen, JL and Loury, G and Lynch, JP and Manski, CF and Nagin, DS and Piehl, AM and Prieto, DB and Sorenson, SB and Weisburd, D and Widom, CS and Wormeli,
PK and Clayton, EW and Berg, AO and Burke, SP and Curry, SJ and Dentzer, S and Graham, G and Lee, GM and Markel, H and McCauley, LA and Polsky, D and Rich, JA and Sharfstein, JM and Teutsch, S and Weinstein, JN and Wong,
WF and Yasnoff, WA},
Title = {Measuring the Size of the Illicit Tobacco
Market},
Pages = {77-109},
Booktitle = {UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. ILLICIT TOBACCO MARKET:
CHARACTERISTICS, POLICY CONTEXT, AND LESSONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES},
Year = {2015},
Key = {fds366797}
}
@misc{fds303087,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Elusive Facts about Gun Violence: Where Good Surveys Go
Bad},
Booktitle = {Envisioning Criminology: Researchers on Research as a
Process of Discovery},
Publisher = {Springer},
Editor = {Maltz, MD and Rice, SK},
Year = {2014},
Month = {May},
Abstract = {Sometimes a survey is well designed, but the resulting
estimates are demonstrably wrong, and by a wide margin. For
that reason, we believe that if getting a reasonably
accurate estimate is important (and if it is not, why
bother?), then the analyst should ask and attempt to answer
the following prosaic question: “Given everything we know,
both from the survey in question and other sources, is this
estimate in the right ballpark?” We might call this a
“plausibility test.” It may seem like common sense, but
a quick scan of reports of survey results will demonstrate
that a discussion of procedure is far more common than a
discussion of plausibility. In what follows we consider
three examples from the study of gun ownership and use (or
misuse). The first example is gun ownership – the
household prevalence of guns, and the number of guns in
private hands. The second is the number of individuals who
are shot and wounded in assault circumstances. And the third
is the number of instances in which a private individual
uses a gun to defend against crime. In each case the
apparent bias in estimates based on population surveys is
remarkably large.},
Key = {fds303087}
}
@misc{fds305851,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Dodge, K and Farkas, G and Fryer, RG and Guryan, J and Ludwig,
J and Mayer, SE and Pollack, HA and Steinberg, L},
Title = {The (Surprising) Efficacy of Academic and Behavioral
Intervention with Disadvantaged Youth: Results from a
Randomized Experiment in Chicago},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {There is growing concern that improving the academic skills
of disadvantaged youth is too difficult and costly, so
policymakers should instead focus either on vocationally
oriented instruction for teens or else on early childhood
education. Yet this conclusion may be premature given that
so few previous interventions have targeted a potential
fundamental barrier to school success: "mismatch" between
what schools deliver and the needs of disadvantaged youth
who have fallen behind in their academic or non-academic
development. This paper reports on a randomized controlled
trial of a two-pronged intervention that provides
disadvantaged youth with non-academic supports that try to
teach youth social-cognitive skills based on the principles
of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and intensive
individualized academic remediation. The study sample
consists of 106 male 9th and 10th graders in a public high
school on the south side of Chicago, of whom 95% are black
and 99% are free or reduced price lunch eligible.
Participation increased math test scores by 0.65 of a
control group standard deviation (SD) and 0.48 SD in the
national distribution, increased math grades by 0.67 SD, and
seems to have increased expected graduation rates by 14
percentage points (46%). While some questions remain about
the intervention, given these effects and a cost per
participant of around $4,400 (with a range of $3,000 to
$6,000), this intervention seems to yield larger gains in
adolescent outcomes per dollar spent than many other
intervention strategies.<br><br>Institutional subscribers to
the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing
countries may download this paper without additional charge
at <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w??19862"
TARGET="_blank">www.nber.org</a>.<br>},
Key = {fds305851}
}
@misc{fds217210,
Author = {P.J. Cook and D.C. Gottfredson and C. Na},
Title = {School crime statistics},
Booktitle = {(forthcoming) Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal
Justice},
Publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {G.J.N. Bruinsma and D.L. Weisburd},
Year = {2014},
Key = {fds217210}
}
@misc{fds317727,
Author = {Swanson, JW and Robertson, AG and Frisman, LK and Norko, MA and Lin, HJ and Swartz, MS and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Preventing gun violence involving people with serious mental
illness},
Volume = {9781421411118},
Pages = {320 pages},
Booktitle = {Reducing Gun Violence in America},
Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
Editor = {Webster, DW and Vernick, JW},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781421411118},
Abstract = {The December 2012 tragedy at Newtown may soon settle in the
collective memory of senseless rampages by unstable young
men. But inthe immediate aftermath, the question of what
might have been done to prevent those 28 untimely deaths may
galvanize the attention of policymakers desperate to
respond. Shall we now hold mental health systems more
accountable for failing to find, treat, or confine people
who incline to violence? Should we fault the loose
enforcement of federal firearms restrictions, and a
loophole-ridden system of background-checks, for failing to
keep guns out of the hands of dangerous people? Does the
problem lie with the laws themselves, with their blunt and
archaic definitions that leave risky people untouched while
sweeping up legions of the harmless?},
Key = {fds317727}
}
@misc{fds317728,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The limited impact of the brady act: Evaluation and
implications},
Volume = {9781421411118},
Pages = {21-32},
Booktitle = {Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with
Evidence and Analysis},
Publisher = {JHU Press},
Address = {Baltimore, MD},
Editor = {Daniel W. Webster and Jon S. Vernick},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781421411101},
Abstract = {Federal firearms law divides the population into two groups:
those prohibited from legally possessing a firearm due to
their criminal record or certain other disqualifying
conditions and everyone else. The vast majority of the adult
public is allowed to acquire and possess all the firearms
they want, thus preserving the personal right to "keep and
bear arms" that has been established by recent U.S. Supreme
Court rulings.1 But that right, like all rights, has limits.
People with serious criminal records or severe mental
illness may reasonably be deemed at such high risk of
misusing firearms that public-safety concerns take
precedence over gun rights. While in practice it is
impossible to keep all members of high-risk groups disarmed
in a gun-rich environment, a selective prohibition may cause
some reduction in gun misuse and save enough lives to be
worthwhile.},
Key = {fds317728}
}
@misc{fds266345,
Author = {Bushway, S and Cook, PJ and Phillips, M},
Title = {The net effect of the business cycle on crime and
violence},
Pages = {23-52},
Booktitle = {Economics and youth violence: Crime, disadvantage, and
community},
Publisher = {New York University Press},
Editor = {Rosenfeld, R and Edberg, M and Fang, X and Florence,
CS},
Year = {2013},
Abstract = {The paper analyzes the causal effects of the business cycle
on crime. Among the main conclusions are that robbery and
burglary are countercyclical, motor vehicle theft is
pro-cyclical, and criminal homicide is acyclical. We also
analyze suicide patterns, finding that while suicide rates
overall are countercyclical, suicide rates by younger teens
are actually procyclical. The paper begins with a discussion
of causal mechanisms linking economic conditions to crime
and violence, both overall and for youths. We investigate
the effect of short-term fluctuations in economic activity
on crime and violence (and on arrest rates) using the
quasi-experimental analysis of the last 13 business cycles
(beginning in 1933). We then develop and implement a second
approach, a regression analysis on detrended data, and
report the results. The regression analysis generally
confirms the qualitative results from the quasi-experimental
approach, and provides estimates of magnitudes.},
Key = {fds266345}
}
@misc{fds303072,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Machin, S and Marie, O and Mastrobuoni,
G},
Title = {Crime economics in its fifth decade},
Booktitle = {Lessons from the Economics of Crime: What Reduces
Offending?},
Publisher = {MIT Press},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds303072}
}
@misc{fds266410,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Robbery},
Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780199844654},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844654.013.0005},
Abstract = {This article provides a description of trends and patterns
in robbery using police statistics and statistics from crime
surveys. The focus is on data of robbery rate trends for the
United States, which is the most established of the national
crime surveys. The survey data support a fine-grained
analysis of the age, sex, race, and number of robbers and
victims involved in an incident, as well as the type of
weapon and the outcomes of the confrontation with respect to
theft and injury. It examines the demographics of robber
perpetration and victimization and robbery outcomes
(property loss, injury, and death). This article discusses
robbers' strategic choices about whom to rob, how, and with
what weapon and interventions aimed at preventing robberies.
Policies to reduce the scope of the underground market will
thus be helpful in the effort to curtail
robbery.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844654.013.0005},
Key = {fds266410}
}
@misc{fds266411,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Firearm Violence},
Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2012},
Month = {September},
ISBN = {9780199844654},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844654.013.0004},
Abstract = {This article begins by characterizing the nature and scope
of the gun violence problem, including a discussion of the
potential benefit from use of guns in self-defense. The next
section is devoted to a discussion of guns and it gives some
basic facts on the patterns of private gun ownership and gun
misuse. The article then discusses policies designed to
discourage gun misuse directly by making guns a liability to
criminals. Studies using a same basic research design have
found evidence of some decline in gun use in crime. The
article shows the importance of assessing the effects of
overall rates of gun ownership within a community. The
descriptive and analytical information summarized here opens
the door to favorable consideration of a variety of other
interventions.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844654.013.0004},
Key = {fds266411}
}
@misc{fds266412,
Author = {Gottfredson, DC and Cook, PJ and Na, C},
Title = {Schools and Prevention},
Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9780195398823},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398823.013.0014},
Abstract = {Student misbehavior, which includes school violence and
bullying, interfere with academic achievements and is one of
the major sources of teacher turnover in American schools.
This article shows how schools can be organized and managed
in order to minimize and prevent student misbehavior. It
identifies the kinds of practices and policies they can
adopt to decrease the levels of victimization, violence,
substance use, and crime both in and out of schools. It
considers the research conducted on the effectiveness of
curriculum-based prevention programs. It then presents
evidence that shows that how the school is organized and
managed also influences school behavior and problem
behavior. This article also discusses discipline management
and school culture and explains how these can be used to
reduce crime and other related problem behaviors.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398823.013.0014},
Key = {fds266412}
}
@misc{fds266414,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Foreword},
Pages = {Ix-Xii},
Booktitle = {Experimental Criminology},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {Brandon C. Welsh and Anthony A. Braga and Gerben J. N.
Bruinsma},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781107032231},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139424776.001},
Abstract = {We need this new field of experimental criminology. The
design of cost-effective policy requires good evidence on
what works well and, equally important, what doesn’t.
Intuition, casual observation, and good intentions are not
enough. The exceptional case, albeit from another field,
helps prove the rule. Cambridge Professor Gordon Smith and
his colleague Jill Pell once pointed out that there had been
no rigorous evaluations of parachute use as a method of
preventing death resulting from jumping out of an airplane.
They noted that “advocates of evidence based medicine have
criticised the adoption of interventions evaluated by using
only observational data” (2003: 1459) and suggested that
those advocates participate in a randomized field trial of
parachute use. The point is that observational data combined
with our understanding of basic mechanisms (gravity,
vulnerability to trauma) is entirely persuasive in this
case, just as is the usual evidence we have about which
switch controls a particular light. But such easy cases are
rare. The processes by which innovations in policing or
corrections or social policy might influence crime rates are
complex and cannot be confidently assessed by what might be
called “common sense” alone. More systematic evidence is
required. And the new field, well documented in this book,
is beginning to provide just that.},
Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139424776.001},
Key = {fds266414}
}
@misc{fds266274,
Author = {Gottfredson, D and Cook, PJ and Na, C},
Title = {School-based crime prevention},
Pages = {269-2897},
Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {Walsh, BC and Farrington, DP},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds266274}
}
@misc{fds266320,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Clotfelter, CT},
Title = {The Gambler's Fallacy in Lottery Play},
Booktitle = {The Economics Of Gambling And National Lotteries},
Publisher = {Edgar Elgar Publishers},
Editor = {Williams, LV},
Year = {2012},
Abstract = {The -gambler's fallacy- is the belief that the
probability of an event is lowered when that event has
recently occurred, even though the probability of the event
is objectively known to be independent from one trial to the
next.},
Key = {fds266320}
}
@misc{fds266322,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Lotteries in the Real World},
Booktitle = {The Economics Of Gambling And National Lotteries},
Publisher = {Edgar Elgar Publishers},
Editor = {Williams, LV},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds266322}
}
@misc{fds266275,
Author = {Cook, PJ and MacDonald, J},
Title = {The role of private action in controlling
crime},
Booktitle = {Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Address = {Chicago},
Editor = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and McCrary, J},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds266275}
}
@misc{fds266276,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Economical Crime Control},
Booktitle = {Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Address = {Chicago},
Editor = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and McCrary, J},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds266276}
}
@misc{fds266325,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Gearing, M},
Title = {The minimum drinking age: 21 as an artifact},
Booktitle = {College Student Drinking and Drug Use: Multiple Perspectives
on a Complex Problem},
Publisher = {Guilford Press},
Editor = {White, HR and Rabiner, DL},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds266325}
}
@misc{fds266326,
Author = {Chaloupja, FJ and Cook, PJ and Peck, RM and Tauras,
JA},
Title = {Enhancing compliance with tobacco control
policies},
Pages = {325-350},
Booktitle = {After Tobacco},
Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {Bearman, P and Neckerman, KM and Wright, L},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds266326}
}
@misc{fds305852,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Economical Crime Control},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
Abstract = {This paper is the introductory chapter for the forthcoming
NBER volume Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs. The
Great Recession has led to cuts in criminal justice
expenditures, and the trend towards ever-higher
incarceration rates that has been underway since the 1970s
in the U.S. appears to have turned the corner. That raises
the question of whether the crime drop can be sustained.
State and local revenue shortfalls have engendered intense
interest in cost-cutting measures that do not sacrifice
public safety. We argue that there is some reason for
optimism, simply because current criminal justice
allocations and policies appear to be inefficient - more
crime control could be accomplished with fewer resources.
The crime problem is often framed as a debate between those
who favor a "tough" punitive approach versus those who favor
a "soft" approach that focuses on prevention or remediation
programs. But the canonical economic model of crime from
Becker (1968) suggests that the decision to commit crime
involves a weighing of both benefits and costs, implying
that both tough and soft approaches might be useful. It is
ultimately an empirical question about how the marginal
crime-control dollar may be most effectively deployed. The
evidence presented in this edited volume suggests that a
more efficient portfolio of crime-control strategies would
involve greater attention to enhancing the certainty rather
than the severity of punishment for criminal behavior,
stimulating private-sector cooperation for controlling
crime, and making strategic investments in the human capital
of at-risk populations, including in particular efforts to
improve the social-cognitive skills of justice-system-involved
populations. To help illustrate the magnitude of the
inefficiencies within the current system, the essay
concludes with a thought experiment that considers how much
additional crime-prevention could be obtained by reverting
average sentence lengths back to 1984 levels (midway through
the Reagan era) and redirecting the freed-up resources (on
the order of $12 billion annually) to alternative
uses.},
Key = {fds305852}
}
@misc{fds337370,
Author = {Cook, PJ and MacDonald, J},
Title = {Public Safety Through Private Action: An Economic Assessment
of Bids, Locks, and Citizen Cooperation},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds337370}
}
@misc{fds266258,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Braga, A and Moore, MH},
Title = {Gun Control},
Pages = {257-292},
Booktitle = {Crime and Public Policy},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Address = {New York},
Editor = {J.Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds266258}
}
@misc{fds266259,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and Samaha, AM},
Title = {Gun Control After Heller: Litigating against
Regulation},
Pages = {103-135},
Booktitle = {Regulation versus Litigation},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Kessler, D},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds266259}
}
@misc{fds266277,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {'Comment' on 'What do economists know about
crime?'},
Pages = {302-304},
Booktitle = {The Economics of Crime: Lessons for & from Latin
America},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {DiTella, R and Edwards, S and Schargodsky, E},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds266277}
}
@misc{fds266407,
Author = {Frank, RH and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Preface to the new edition},
Booktitle = {The Winner-Take-All Society},
Publisher = {Virgin Books, Random House},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds266407}
}
@misc{fds303073,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Gottfredson, DC and Na, C},
Title = {School crime control and prevention},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds303073}
}
@misc{fds337371,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J and Samaha, AM},
Title = {Gun Control after Heller: Litigating Against
Regulation},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds337371}
}
@misc{fds139467,
Author = {P.J. Cook and J. Ludwig},
Title = {Firearm Violence},
Booktitle = {Handbook on Crime and Public Policy},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Michael Tonry},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds139467}
}
@misc{fds266261,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Firearms Violence},
Booktitle = {Oxford Handbook on Crime and Public Policy},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds266261}
}
@misc{fds266286,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Robbery},
Booktitle = {Handbook on Crime and Justice},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds266286}
}
@misc{fds266287,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Crime},
Pages = {297-327},
Booktitle = {MAKING CITIES WORK: Prospects and Policies for Urban
America},
Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
Address = {Princeton, NJ},
Editor = {Inman, RP},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds266287}
}
@misc{fds266319,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Ends and Means in State Lotteries: The Importance of a Good
Cause},
Pages = {11-38},
Booktitle = {Gambling: Mapping the American Moral Landscape},
Publisher = {Baylor University Press},
Editor = {Wolfe, A and Owens, EC},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds266319}
}
@misc{fds266327,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Leave the minimum drinking age to the states},
Pages = {99-106},
Booktitle = {Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice Policy},
Publisher = {Wadsworth},
Address = {Belmont, MA},
Editor = {Frost, NA and Freilich, JD and Clear, TR},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds266327}
}
@misc{fds303070,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Robbery},
Booktitle = {Oxford Handbook on Crime and Public Policy},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Tonry, J},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds303070}
}
@misc{fds266418,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The burden of "acting white": Do Black adolescents disparage
academic achievement?},
Pages = {275-297},
Booktitle = {Minority Status, Oppositional Culture, and
Schooling},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {9780203931967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203931967},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203931967},
Key = {fds266418}
}
@misc{fds337372,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Assessing Urban Crime and its Control: An
Overview},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds337372}
}
@misc{fds266299,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Parnell, A and Moore, MJ and Pagnini,
D},
Title = {The Effects of Short-term Variation in Abortion Funding on
Pregnancy Outcomes},
Booktitle = {The Economics of Health Behaviours},
Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
Editor = {Cawley, JH and Kenkel, DS},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds266299}
}
@misc{fds266302,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Drinking and Schooling},
Booktitle = {The Economics of Health Behaviours},
Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
Editor = {Cawley, JH and Kenkel, DS},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds266302}
}
@misc{fds266400,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Tauchen, G},
Title = {The Effect of Minimum Drinking Age Legislation on Youthful
Auto Fatalities, 1970-77},
Booktitle = {The Economics of Health Behaviours},
Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.},
Editor = {Cawley, JH and Kenkel, DS},
Year = {2008},
Key = {fds266400}
}
@misc{fds178752,
Author = {R.H. Frank and P.J. Cook},
Title = {The Winner-Take-All Society},
Series = {2nd},
Booktitle = {The International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences},
Publisher = {Gale},
Editor = {William A. Darity Jr.},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds178752}
}
@misc{fds266262,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Use and Control of Firearms},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Law & Society},
Publisher = {Sage Publications, Inc.},
Editor = {David S. Clark},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds266262}
}
@misc{fds266265,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwing, J},
Title = {The Effects of the Brady Act on Gun Violence},
Booktitle = {Economics of the Criminal Law},
Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
Editor = {Levitt, SD and Miles, TJ},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds266265}
}
@misc{fds303080,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Hutchinson, R},
Title = {Smoke Signals Adolescent Smoking and School
Continuation},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {157-188},
Booktitle = {The Evolution of Consumption: Theories and
Practices},
Editor = {Bianchi, M},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {This paper presents an exploratory analysis using NLSY97
data of the relationship between the likelihood of school
continuation and the choices of whether to smoke or
drink.},
Key = {fds303080}
}
@misc{fds266329,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Acting White},
Series = {2nd},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences},
Publisher = {Gale},
Editor = {Darity, W},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds266329}
}
@misc{fds266333,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, RH},
Title = {The Winner-take-all Society Why the Few at the Top Get So
Much More Than the Rest of Us},
Booktitle = {The International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences},
Publisher = {Gale},
Editor = {Darity, W},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {More relevant today than ever before, this fascinating book
shows how in business, as in sport, thousands are competing
for only a handful of top prizes.},
Key = {fds266333}
}
@misc{fds266479,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Introduction to Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of
Alcohol Control},
Year = {2007},
ISBN = {9780691125206},
Abstract = {What drug provides Americans with the greatest pleasure and
the greatest pain? The answer, hands down, is alcohol. The
pain comes not only from drunk driving and lost lives but
also addiction, family strife, crime, violence, poor health,
and squandered human potential. Young and old, drinkers and
abstainers alike, all are affected. Every American is paying
for alcohol abuse. <i>Paying the Tab</i>, the first
comprehensive analysis of this complex policy issue, calls
for broadening our approach to curbing destructive drinking.
Over the last few decades, efforts to reduce the societal
costs--curbing youth drinking and cracking down on drunk
driving--have been somewhat effective, but woefully
incomplete. In fact, American policymakers have ignored the
influence of the supply side of the equation. Beer and
liquor are far cheaper and more readily available today than
in the 1950s and 1960s. Philip Cook's well-researched and
engaging account chronicles the history of our attempts to
"legislate morality," the overlooked lessons from
Prohibition, and the rise of Alcoholics Anonymous. He
provides a thorough account of the scientific evidence that
has accumulated over the last twenty-five years of economic
and public-health research, which demonstrates that higher
alcohol excise taxes and other supply restrictions are
effective and underutilized policy tools that can cut abuse
while preserving the pleasures of moderate consumption.
<i>Paying the Tab</i> makes a powerful case for a policy
course correction. Alcohol is too cheap, and it's costing
all of us.},
Key = {fds266479}
}
@misc{fds266279,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Assigning Youths to Minimize Total Harm},
Pages = {67-89},
Booktitle = {Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth: Problems and
Solutions},
Publisher = {The Guilford Press},
Editor = {Dodge, KA and Dishion, TJ and Lansford, JE},
Year = {2006},
Abstract = {A common practice in the fields of education, mental health,
and juvenile justice is to segregate problem youths in
groups with deviant peers. Assignments of this sort, which
concentrate deviant youths, may facilitate deviant peer
influence and lead to perverse outcomes. This possibility
adds to the list of arguments in support of "mainstreaming"
whenever possible. But there are other concerns that help
justify segregated-group assignments, including efficiency
of service delivery and protection of the public. Our
analysis organizes the discussion about the relevant
tradeoffs. First, the number of deviant youths (relative to
the size of the relevant population, or to the number of
assignment locations) affects whether the harm-minimizing
assignment calls for diffusion or segregation. Second, the
nature of the problematic behavior is relevant; behavior
which has a direct, detrimental effect on others who share
the assignment makes a stronger case for segregation. Third,
the capacity for behavior control matters, and may make the
difference in a choice between segregation and integration.
We briefly discuss the empirical literature, which with some
exceptions is inadequate to the task of providing clear
guidance about harm-minimizing assignment strategies.
Finally, we reflect briefly on the medical-practice
principle "first do no harm," and contrast it with the
claims of potential victims of deviants.},
Key = {fds266279}
}
@misc{fds266341,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Correctional Carrot: The Prospect of Reducing Recidivism
through Improved Job Opportunities},
Booktitle = {The Economics of Crime},
Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
Editor = {Ehrlich, I and Liu, Z},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds266341}
}
@misc{fds337374,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Peters, BL},
Title = {The Myth of the Drinker's Bonus},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds337374}
}
@misc{fds337375,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Assigning Deviant Youths to Minimize Total
Harm},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds337375}
}
@misc{fds303074,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Khmilevska, N},
Title = {Cross-National Patterns in Crime Rates},
Pages = {331-345},
Booktitle = {Crime and Punishment in Western Countries,
1980-1999},
Publisher = {Univesity of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M and Farrington, DP},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds303074}
}
@misc{fds266266,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The Effects of the Brady Act on Gun Violence},
Pages = {283-298},
Booktitle = {Guns, Crime, and Punishment in America},
Publisher = {NYU Press},
Editor = {Harcourt, BE},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds266266}
}
@misc{fds266267,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Pragmatic Gun Policy},
Pages = {1-37},
Booktitle = {Evaluating Gun Policy},
Publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds266267}
}
@misc{fds266268,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The Effects of Gun Prevalence on Burglary Deterrence Vs.
Inducement},
Pages = {74-118},
Booktitle = {Evaluating Gun Policy},
Publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {Ludwig, J and Cook, PJ},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds266268}
}
@misc{fds266270,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Braga, A},
Title = {New Law Enforcement Uses for Comprehensive Firearms Trace
Data},
Pages = {163-187},
Booktitle = {Guns, Crime, and Punishment},
Publisher = {NYU Press},
Editor = {Harcourt, BE},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds266270}
}
@misc{fds266281,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {'Comment' on 'Catching Cheating Teachers'},
Pages = {2010-215},
Booktitle = {Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs
2003},
Publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {Gale, WG and Pack, JR},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds266281}
}
@misc{fds337376,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The Effects of Gun Prevalence on Burglary: Deterrence vs
Inducement},
Year = {2002},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds337376}
}
@misc{fds266474,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Laub, JH},
Title = {After the Epidemic: Recent Trends in Youth Violence in the
United States},
Pages = {1-37},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: A Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Michael Tonry},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000179795600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The epidemic of youth violence in the United States peaked
in 1993 and has been followed by a rapid, sustained drop. We
assess two types of explanation for this drop – those that
focus on “cohort” effects (including the effects of
abortion legalization) and those that focus on “period”
effects (including the effects of the changing crack-cocaine
trade). We are able to reject the cohort-type explanations
yet also find contradictions with an account based on the
dynamics of crack markets. The “way out” of this
epidemic has not been the same as the “way in.” The
relative importance in homicide of youths, racial
minorities, and guns, all of which increased greatly during
the epidemic, has remained high during the drop. Arrest
patterns tell a somewhat different story, in part because of
changing police practice with respect to aggravated assault.
Finally, we demonstrate that the rise and fall of youth
violence has been narrowly confined with respect to race,
sex, and age, but not geography. Given the volatility in the
rates of juvenile violence, forecasting rates is a risky
business indeed. Effectively narrowing the range of
plausible explanations for the recent ups and downs may
require a long time horizon, consideration of a broader
array of problem behaviors, and comparisons with trends in
other countries.},
Doi = {10.1086/652218},
Key = {fds266474}
}
@misc{fds14353,
Author = {PJ Cook and J Ludwig},
Title = {Litigation as Regulation: Firearms},
Booktitle = {Regulation Through Litigation},
Publisher = {Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {WK Viscusi},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds14353}
}
@misc{fds266271,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MH and Braga, A},
Title = {Gun Control},
Pages = {291-329},
Booktitle = {Crime: Public Policies For Crime Control},
Publisher = {ICS Press},
Editor = {Wilson, JQ and Petersilia, J},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds266271}
}
@misc{fds303075,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Laub, JH},
Title = {After the Epidemic: Recent Trends in Youth Violence in the
United States},
Pages = {117-153},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: A Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds303075}
}
@misc{fds303071,
Author = {Braga, AA and Cook, PJ and Kennedy, DM and Moore,
MH},
Title = {The Illegal Supply of Firearms},
Pages = {229-262},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: A Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds303071}
}
@misc{fds266283,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Forward},
Booktitle = {Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime},
Publisher = {Westview Press},
Editor = {Welsh, BC and Farrington, DP and Sherman, LW},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds266283}
}
@misc{fds266297,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Environment and Persistence in Youthful Drinking
Patterns},
Pages = {375-437},
Booktitle = {Risky Behavior Among Youths: An Economic
Analysis},
Publisher = {Univesity of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Gruber, J},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds266297}
}
@misc{fds266308,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Technology of Personal Violence},
Booktitle = {The Gun Control Debate: You Decide},
Publisher = {Promethus Books},
Editor = {Nisbet, L},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds266308}
}
@misc{fds266298,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Alcohol},
Volume = {1B},
Pages = {1629-1673},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Health Economics},
Publisher = {North-Holland},
Editor = {Culyer, AJ and Newhouse, JP},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds266298}
}
@misc{fds337377,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Alcohol},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds337377}
}
@misc{fds266272,
Author = {Kellermann, AL and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Armed and Dangerous: Guns in American Homes},
Pages = {425-440},
Booktitle = {Lethal Imagination: Violence and Brutality in American
History},
Publisher = {New York University Press},
Editor = {Bellesiles, MA},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds266272}
}
@misc{fds47413,
Author = {PJ Cook},
Title = {The Unprecedented Epidemic in Youth Violence},
Pages = {101-138},
Booktitle = {Youth Violence},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Michael Tonry and Mark H. Moore},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds47413}
}
@misc{fds266284,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Epidemic of Youth Gun Violence},
Pages = {107-125},
Booktitle = {Perspectives on Crime and Violence:1997-1998 Lecture
Series},
Publisher = {National Institute of Justice},
Year = {1998},
Abstract = {An epidemic of youth gun violence has swept the United
States in recent years. The increase in youth homicide,
which began in the mid-1980s and peaked in 1993, was
unusual, large, abrupt, and unprecedented. Although it is
now 5 years past the peak, great uncertainty remains about
its causes and what can be done to head off the next
epidemic. During the early 1980s, violent crime rates in the
United States were generally headed down from a previous
record-breaking peak in 1980. But in 1985, this positive
trend reversed—not for everyone, but for demographic
groups with the highest prevalence of perpetrators and
victims of violent crime. While homicide rates for older
adults continued to decline, adolescents and young adults in
minority communities increasingly resorted to gunplay and
suffered its deadly consequences. My objective is to
describe this epidemic of youth gun violence and consider
two prominent explanations of the problem that have
influenced policy over the past 7 or 8 years. One school of
thought explains the epidemic in terms of the character of
the youths involved. Other researchers see the problem in
terms of the context in which the youths operate. In my
opinion, the evidence favors context over character. A
focused response to this epidemic was slow in coming, but in
recent years a number of law enforcement innovations
designed to separate kids from guns have been implemented
around the country. Although the research results are not
yet in, many of these efforts may have helped turn the
corner in reducing homicide rates.},
Key = {fds266284}
}
@misc{fds266285,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Laub, J},
Title = {The Unprecedented Epidemic},
Pages = {101-138},
Booktitle = {Youth Violence},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M and Moore, MH},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds266285}
}
@misc{fds266305,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MH},
Title = {Guns, Gun Control, and Homicide: A Review of Research and
Public Policy},
Pages = {277-296},
Booktitle = {Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Smith, MD and Zahn, MA},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds266305}
}
@misc{fds266306,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Leitzel, J},
Title = {Gun Control},
Booktitle = {New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and
Law},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds266306}
}
@misc{fds266330,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {The Burden of 'Acting White:' Do Black Adolescents Disparage
Academic Achievement?},
Pages = {375-400},
Booktitle = {The Black-White Test Score Gap},
Publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
Editor = {Jencks, C and Phillips, M},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds266330}
}
@misc{fds303077,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MH},
Title = {Guns, Gun Control, and Homicide: A Review of Research and
Public Policy},
Pages = {246-273},
Booktitle = {Studying and Preventing Homicide: Issues and
Challenges},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Smith, MD and Zahn, MA},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds303077}
}
@misc{fds266323,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Clotfelter, CT},
Title = {On the Economics of State Lotteries (revised
version)},
Pages = {457-472},
Booktitle = {Readings in Public Finance},
Publisher = {South-Western College Publishers},
Editor = {Baker, SH and Elliott, CS},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds266323}
}
@misc{fds266332,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, RH},
Title = {The Economic Payoff of Attending an Ivy-League
Institution},
Booktitle = {Critical White Studies: Looking Behind the
Mirror},
Publisher = {Temple University Press},
Editor = {Delgado, R and Stefancic, J},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds266332}
}
@misc{fds47358,
Author = {PJ Cook},
Title = {Social Costs of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug Abuse" and "Tax
Laws, Alcohol},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol},
Publisher = {New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.},
Editor = {J.H. Jaffe},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds47358}
}
@misc{fds266300,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Tax Laws, Alcohol},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol},
Publisher = {Macmillan Publishing Co.},
Editor = {Jeffe, JH},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds266300}
}
@misc{fds266301,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Social Costs of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug
Abuse},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol},
Publisher = {Macmillan Publishing Co.},
Editor = {Jaffe, JH},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds266301}
}
@misc{fds337378,
Author = {Moore, MJ and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Habit and Heterogeneity in the Youthful Demand for
Alcohol},
Year = {1995},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds337378}
}
@misc{fds266307,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MH},
Title = {Gun Control},
Pages = {267-294},
Booktitle = {Crime},
Publisher = {ICS Press},
Editor = {Wilson, JQ and Petersilia, J},
Year = {1995},
Abstract = {The purpose of this essay is to provide a foundation for
understanding the "Great American Gun War," and to consider
the next steps that could be taken in the search for an
effective gun-control policy. We begin with a review of the
more-or-less uncontroversial facts about trends in gun
ownership and use, and the reasons why Americans are
inclined to arm themselves. A discussion follows of the more
contentious issues, whether and how guns influence levels or
seriousness of crime. We then identify the important values
at stake in adopting any gun-control policy, and go on to
describe the existing policies and the mechanisms by which
they and other such measures have their effect. Finally, we
make recommendations about promising next
steps.},
Key = {fds266307}
}
@misc{fds266331,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, RH},
Title = {The Growing Concentration of Top Students at Elite
Schools},
Booktitle = {Studies of Supply and Demand in Higher Education},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Clotfelter, CT and Rothschild, M},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds266331}
}
@misc{fds266394,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Economic Perspectives on Reducing Alcohol-Related
Violence},
Pages = {193-212},
Booktitle = {Alcohol and Interpersonal Violence: Fostering
Multidisciplinary Perspectives},
Publisher = {NIH},
Editor = {Martin, SE},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds266394}
}
@misc{fds266395,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Moore, MJ},
Title = {Taxation of Alcoholic Beverages},
Pages = {33-58},
Booktitle = {Economic Research on the Prevention of Alcohol-Related
Problems},
Publisher = {NIAAA},
Editor = {Hilton, M and Bloss, G},
Year = {1993},
Abstract = {Excess drinking is associated with lost productivity,
accidents, disability, early death, crime, neglect of family
responsibilities, and personality deterioration. These and
related concerns have justified special restrictions on
alcoholic beverage commerce and consumption. The nature and
extent of government involvement in this arena vary widely
over time and place, and are often controversial. Economists
have contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through
empirical work on the effects of alcohol-control measures on
consumption and its consequences. Economics has also
provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing
costs and benefits of interventions, including excise taxes.
Outside of the policy arena, economists have analyzed
alcohol consumption in the context of stretching the
standard model of consumer choice to include intertemporal
effects and social influence. Nonetheless, perhaps the most
important contribution by economists has been the repeated
demonstration that there is nothing unusual about alcohol in
at least one essential respect: consumers drink less ethanol
(and have fewer alcohol-related problems) when
alcohol-beverage prices are increased. Important econometric
challenges remain, including the search for a satisfactory
resolution to the conflicting results on the effect of price
changes on consumption by consumers who tend to drink
heavily. There are also unresolved puzzles about the
relationship between drinking and productivity; even after
controlling for a variety of other characteristics, drinkers
tend to have higher earnings than abstainers, and women’s
earnings (but not men’s) tend to increase with alcohol
consumption.},
Key = {fds266395}
}
@misc{fds266321,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {Lotteries},
Booktitle = {The New Palgrave Dictionary of Money and
Finance},
Publisher = {Macmillan Press,},
Editor = {Newman, P and Milgate, M and Eatwell, J},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds266321}
}
@misc{fds266309,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Technology of Personal Violence},
Volume = {14},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {Over 30,000 deaths each year result from gunshot wounds. Two
decades of systematic research on weapons and personal
violence indicate a pervasive influence of weapon type on
the patterns and outcomes of violent encounters. The
likelihood that an assault will result in death depends
(among other things) on the lethality of the weapon. The
evidence that weapon lethality affects the likelihood of
death in suicide is somewhat weaker. Assailants’ weapon
choice depends on a number of factors, including the
relative vulnerability of the intended victim and the
general availability of firearms. National Crime Survey data
indicate that guns are used only about 80,000 times each
year in self-defense.},
Key = {fds266309}
}
@misc{fds266315,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Gun Availability on Violent Crime
Patterns},
Booktitle = {Violence: Patterns, Causes, Public Policy},
Publisher = {Harcourt Brace Jovanovich},
Editor = {Weiner, NA and Zahn, MA and Sagi, RJ},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds266315}
}
@misc{fds325920,
Author = {Clotfelter, CT and Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Demand for Lottery Products},
Year = {1989},
Month = {April},
Abstract = {Lotteries constitute one of the fastest-growing categories
of consumer expenditure in the United States. Not only have
an increasing number of states legalized state lotteries,
but the per capita expenditures on lotteries in lottery
states have increased at an annual rate of 13 percent after
inflation between 1975 and 1988. This article examines the
demand for lottery products. A majority of the adult public
in lottery states play in any one year, but relatively few
of these players account for most of the action".
Socioeconomic patterns of play, measured from both sales
data and household surveys, offer some surprises -- for
example, that the Engle curve of lottery expenditures
decline with income. There is some evidence that lottery
sales increase with the payout rate, although it is not
clear that it would be profitable for the states to increase
payout rates. The addition of a new game, such as lotto,
does not undercut sales of existing games, and the oft-heard
claim that interest (and sales) will "inevitably" decline is
contradicted by the data. The organizational form of the
lottery is evolving in response to the quest for higher
revenues: in particular, smaller states are forming
multistate game. This article is a chapter from Selling
Hope: State Lotteries in America, an NBER monograph to be
published by Harvard University Press in November,
1989.},
Key = {fds325920}
}
@misc{fds266396,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Comment},
Volume = {66},
Pages = {181-183},
Booktitle = {Preventing Automobile Injury: New Findings for Evaluation
Research},
Publisher = {Auburn House Publishing Company},
Editor = {Graham, JD},
Year = {1988},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000360378.84853.A0},
Doi = {10.1227/01.NEU.0000360378.84853.A0},
Key = {fds266396}
}
@misc{fds266289,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Notes on an Accounting Scheme for a Juvenile Correctional
System},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {362-370},
Booktitle = {From Children to Citizens: The Role of the Juvenile
Court},
Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
Editor = {Hartman, FX},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds266289}
}
@misc{fds266290,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Laub, JH},
Title = {Trends in Child Abuse and Juvenile Delinquency},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {109-127},
Booktitle = {From Children to Citizens: The Role of the Juvenile
Court},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Editor = {Hartman, FX},
Year = {1987},
Abstract = {This paper seeks to project future trends in child abuse and
juvenile delinquency. Such projections are useful in
planning capacity changes in the juvenile justice system.
Trends in youth crime and child abuse as well as information
on various social indicators affecting children are
reviewed. We conclude that juvenile crime rates per capita
will probably remain at current levels or even decline over
the next 10 to 15 years, although we are inclined to
emphasize the uncertainty that attaches to this
prediction.},
Key = {fds266290}
}
@misc{fds266291,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Economics of Criminal Sanctions},
Booktitle = {Sanctions and Rewards in the Legal System},
Publisher = {University of Toronot Press},
Editor = {Friedland, ML},
Year = {1987},
Abstract = {This is an essay on the economists’ theoretical
perspective of how rewards and sanctions influence criminal
activity. Although I include an occasional reference to the
empirical evidence, Franklin Zimring’s essay (elsewhere in
this volume) precludes the necessity of a more complete
account. In any event, as an economist I run true to form in
placing precedence on developing the theory: as the joke has
it, an economist is someone who, told that something is true
in practice, wonders whether it is true in theory. Economics
is unique among the social sciences in having a
well-developed paradigm for guiding theoretical inquiry on
any topic that an economist chooses to investigate. This
paradigm is well illustrated in the modern literature on the
economics of crime, beginning with the seminal articles by
Becker and Ehrlich. In essence, the paradigm has five parts:
1. Identify the relevant decision-makers and the objectives
that motivate their behavior, usually by assuming
self-interest and rationality. 2. Given these objectives,
and a characterization of the available options, develop the
implications for how behavioral choices will respond to
changes in opportunity. 3. Specify the conditions of
interaction or exchange among the decision-makers. 4. Derive
a characterization of the aggregate consequences of this
interaction, with special attention to the characteristics
of ‘equilibrium’. 5. Analyze the effects on this
equilibrium of changes in contextual variables. Of course,
economists traditionally have applied this approach to the
analysis of prices and quantities in the context of a market
system of exchange, and efforts to expand the domain of
economic inquiry to include topics such as criminal behavior
have met with resistance from other social scientists. The
bulk of this essay is devoted to an account of the
‘economic’ characterization of the behavior of the
potential (or actual) criminal, together with a discussion
of the common objections to this characterization. This
account covers only the first two of the five parts that
constitute the economic paradigm. The entire paradigm is
briefly illustrated in a subsequent section of the essay,
with an analysis of the crime of motor vehicle theft. The
conclusion discusses research priorities.},
Key = {fds266291}
}
@misc{fds266397,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Impact of Distilled Spirits Taxes on Consumption, Auto
Fatalities and Cirrhosis Mortality},
Pages = {159-167},
Booktitle = {Control Issues in Alcohol Abuse Prevention: Strategies for
States and Communities, Advances in Substance Abuse, Suppl:
1},
Publisher = {Jai Press},
Editor = {Holder, HD},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds266397}
}
@misc{fds266292,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Criminal Incapacitation Effects Considered in an Adaptive
Choice Framework},
Pages = {202-216},
Booktitle = {The Reasoning Criminal},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Editor = {Cornish, D and Clarke, R},
Year = {1986},
Abstract = {Philip Cook’s analysis of the possible adaptations made by
offenders to policies of incapacitation constitutes a
valuable example of the policy applications of a rational
choice perspective. Taking as his starting point the
assumption that people adapt their behavior in the light of
information about the costs and benefits of alternative
courses of action, Cook draws on the “danger
compensation” thesis current in the road safety field to
argue that such adaptations may sometimes act to partially
negate the effects of policy. He shows clearly that
selective incapacitation measures may, depending on the
extent to which different classes of offender adapt their
behaviors in the knowledge of the changing costs and
benefits involved, very well lead to an increase rather than
a decrease in overall levels of crime. His is a hypothetical
example and needs to be fleshed out with interview and
behavioral data, but it illustrates how important it may be
for policymakers to obtain a clearer understanding of the
way in which crime-control policies—whether
incapacitative, deterrent, rehabilitative, or
preventive—are perceived, evaluated, and reacted to by
their intended objects. Neglect of the offender’s
perspective probably underlies the catastrophic failure of
rehabilitation, and a similar neglect may well lead to the
failure of many of the new deterrent policies. The situation
can only be remedied by a large investment in research into
offender perceptions.},
Key = {fds266292}
}
@misc{fds303076,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Demand and Supply of Criminal Opportunities},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {1-28},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Tonry, M and Morris, N},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds303076}
}
@misc{fds266316,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Blose, J},
Title = {State Programs for Screening Handgun Buyers},
Booktitle = {State Politics and the New Federalism},
Publisher = {Longman},
Editor = {Gittell, M},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds266316}
}
@misc{fds342399,
Author = {Payne, JW and Johnson, EJ},
Title = {The decision to commit a crime: An information processing
analysis},
Pages = {170-185},
Booktitle = {The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives of
Offending},
Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
Editor = {Cornish, D and Clark, R},
Year = {1986},
ISBN = {9781412852753},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315134482},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315134482},
Key = {fds342399}
}
@misc{fds266398,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Economics of Alcohol Consumption and
Abuse},
Pages = {56-77},
Booktitle = {Alcoholism and Related Problems: Issues for the American
Public},
Publisher = {Prentiice-Hall},
Editor = {West, LJ},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds266398}
}
@misc{fds266399,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Increasing the Federal Alcohol Excise Tax},
Pages = {24-32},
Booktitle = {Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government,
Business, and Community Action},
Publisher = {National Academic Press},
Editor = {Gerstein, D},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds266399}
}
@misc{fds266294,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Costs of Crime},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice},
Publisher = {Macmillan Publishing Company},
Editor = {Kadish, SH},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds266294}
}
@misc{fds266313,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Influence of Gun Availability on Violent Crime
Patterns},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {49-90},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research},
Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Morris, N and Tonry, M},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds266313}
}
@misc{fds266402,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Liquor Taxes on Drinking, Cirrhosis, and Auto
Fatalities},
Pages = {203-220},
Booktitle = {What Role for Government?},
Publisher = {Duke Universigty Press},
Editor = {Zeckhauser, R and Leebaert, D},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds266402}
}
@misc{fds266403,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Liquor Taxes on Drinking, Cirrhosis, and Auto
Fatalities},
Pages = {203-220},
Booktitle = {What Role for Government?},
Publisher = {Duke Universigty Press},
Editor = {Zeckhauser, R and Leebaert, D},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds266403}
}
@misc{fds303088,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Alcohol Taxes as a Public Health Measure},
Booktitle = {Economics and Alcohol},
Publisher = {Croom Helm Ltd.},
Editor = {Grant, M and Plant, M and Williams, A},
Year = {1983},
Key = {fds303088}
}
@misc{fds266314,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Role of Firearms in Violent Crime},
Pages = {236-289},
Booktitle = {Criminal Violence},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Wolfgang, ME and Weiner, NA},
Year = {1982},
Key = {fds266314}
}
@misc{fds266404,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Liquor Taxes on Drinking, Cirrhosis, and Auto
Fatalities},
Pages = {255-285},
Booktitle = {Alcohol and Public Policy: Beyond the Shadow of
Prohibition},
Publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
Editor = {Moore, M and Gerstein, D},
Year = {1981},
url = {http://www.nap.edu/books/0309031494/html/},
Key = {fds266404}
}
@misc{fds266295,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Research in criminal deterrence laying the groundwork for
the second decade},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {211-268},
Booktitle = {Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research},
Publisher = {Univesity of Chicago Press},
Editor = {Morris, N and Tonry, M},
Year = {1980},
Abstract = {Deterrence theory has been developed primarily by
economists, who have viewed potential criminals as rational
decision-makers faced with an array of illicit opportunities
characterized by costs (time, possible adverse legal
consequences, and so forth) and payoffs. The crime decision
is thus characterized in a way that fits the well-developed
theoretical framework of decision-making under uncertainty.
Herbert Simon and others have questioned the descriptive
accuracy of this theory, and are beginning to uncover
systematic patterns in decision-making that violate the
predictions of the economic theory: This work could usefully
be incorporated into the crime choice framework. One of the
most important issues for further research in this area is
the way in which potential criminals acquire information
about criminal opportunities and the effectiveness of the
criminal justice system. A simple “realistic” model of
threat communication can be outlined that yields
deterrence-like effects, even though no one is well informed
concerning the true effectiveness of the system. Three other
questions that have been of great interest to deterrence
theorists are discussed: (1) what factors influence the rate
at which active criminals commit crimes; (2) which dimension
of the threat of punishment has a greater deterrent
effect—likelihood or severity; and (3) what effect does
the threat of punishment for one type of crime have on
involvement in other criminal activities?},
Key = {fds266295}
}
@misc{fds266296,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Implications of Deterrence and Incapacitation Research
for Policy Evaluation},
Pages = {55-77},
Booktitle = {An Anatomy of Criminal Justice},
Publisher = {D.C. Health},
Editor = {Foust, C and Webster, R},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds266296}
}
@misc{fds266340,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Punishment and Crime: A Critique of Recent Findings on the
Preventive Effects of Punishment},
Pages = {137-180},
Booktitle = {The Economics of Crime},
Publisher = {John Wiley},
Editor = {Andreano, R and Siegfried, J},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds266340}
}
@misc{fds303082,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Clearance Rate as a Measure of Criminal Justice System
Effectiveness},
Volume = {2},
Booktitle = {Criminology Review Yearbook},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Bittner, E and Messinger, SL},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds303082}
}
@misc{fds266317,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Gun Availability on Robbery and Robbery Murder
A Cross-section Study of 50 Cities},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {743-781},
Booktitle = {Policy Studies Review Annual},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Year = {1979},
Key = {fds266317}
}
@misc{fds266318,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {A Strategic Choice Analysis of Robbery},
Pages = {173-187},
Booktitle = {Sample Surveys of the Victims of Crimes},
Publisher = {Ballinger},
Editor = {Skogan, W},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds266318}
}
%% Op-eds
@misc{fds266413,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Kang, S},
Title = {Birthdays, Schooling, and Crime: New Evidence on the
Dropout-Crime Nexus},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/9546 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {Based on administrative data for five cohorts of public
school children in North Carolina, we demonstrate that those
born just after the cut date for starting school are likely
to outperform those born just before in reading and math in
middle school, and are less likely to be involved in
juvenile delinquency. On the other hand, those born after
the cut date are more likely to drop out of high school
before graduation and commit a felony offense by age 19. We
also present suggestive evidence that the higher dropout
rate is due to the fact that youths born after the cut date
have longer exposure to the legal possibility of dropping
out. The "crime" and "dropout" differences are strong but
somewhat muted by the fact that youths born just before the
cut date are substantially more likely to be held back in
school. We document considerable heterogeneity in
educational and criminal outcomes by sex, race and other
indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage.<br><br>Institutional
subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents
of developing countries may download this paper without
additional charge at <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w??18791"
TARGET="_blank">www.nber.org</a>.<br>},
Key = {fds266413}
}
@misc{fds266373,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {How we can reduce gun violence?},
Journal = {Chronicle of Higher Education},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0009-5982},
url = {http://http://chronicle.com/blogs/conversation/2013/01/08/how-we-can-reduce-gun-violence/},
Key = {fds266373}
}
@misc{fds266375,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Gun Point},
Journal = {Times of India - Education Times},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds266375}
}
@misc{fds266374,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Craig Whitney's Living With Guns},
Journal = {New York Times},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds266374}
}
@misc{fds266392,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Commentary: Evidence from a high-income country},
Journal = {Addiction},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds266392}
}
@misc{fds266384,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {More prisoners vs. more crime is the wrong
question},
Journal = {Brookings Policy Brief},
Number = {185},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds266384}
}
@misc{fds266376,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {How to cut gun death toll},
Journal = {CNN.com},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/01/12/cook.ludwig.gun.control/index.html},
Key = {fds266376}
}
@misc{fds266377,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Five myths about gun control},
Journal = {Washington Post},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/11/AR2010061103259.html},
Key = {fds266377}
}
@misc{fds266378,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Will wider availability of guns improve public safety?
No},
Journal = {CQ Researcher},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds266378}
}
@misc{fds266385,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {The News & Observer (Raleigh)},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds266385}
}
@misc{fds266435,
Author = {Clotfelter, C and Cook, Philip J.},
Title = {What if the Lottery were Run for Lottery
Players?},
Publisher = {Raleigh News and Observer},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7523 Duke open
access},
Key = {fds266435}
}
@misc{fds266379,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {What did the sniper case teach us? Lessons in Gun
Control},
Journal = {News & Observer (Raleigh)},
Pages = {25A-25A},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds266379}
}
@misc{fds266380,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Protecting the Public in Presidential Style},
Journal = {News & Observer (Raleigh)},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds266380}
}
@misc{fds266381,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Toward Smarter Gun Laws},
Journal = {The Christian Science Monitor},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds266381}
}
@misc{fds266382,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Ludwig, J},
Title = {Has the Brady Act Been Successful?},
Journal = {The Charlotte Observer},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds266382}
}
@misc{fds266386,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {0pEd.},
Journal = {The News & Observer (Raleigh)},
Year = {1999},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds266386}
}
@misc{fds207532,
Author = {PJ Cook and Charles T Clotfelter},
Title = {OpEd. Pieces},
Journal = {The News & Observer (Raleigh)},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds207532}
}
@misc{fds266335,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, R},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {Chronicle of Higher Education},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0009-5982},
Key = {fds266335}
}
@misc{fds266419,
Author = {Goss, KA and Cook, P},
Title = {A Selective Review of the Social-Contagion
Literature},
Publisher = {Terry Sanford Instiute Working Paper, Duke
University},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds266419}
}
@misc{fds266336,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, R},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {Washington Monthly},
Year = {1995},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds266336}
}
@misc{fds266337,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, R},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {Washington post (Washington, D.C. : 1974)},
Year = {1995},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0190-8286},
Key = {fds266337}
}
@misc{fds266338,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Frank, R},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {USA Today},
Pages = {13A-13A},
Year = {1995},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds266338}
}
@misc{fds207533,
Author = {PJ Cook and Robert Frank},
Title = {USA Today},
Pages = {13A},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds207533}
}
@misc{fds207535,
Author = {PJ Cook and Robert Frank},
Title = {Washington Post},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds207535}
}
@misc{fds207534,
Author = {PJ Cook and Charles T Clotfelter},
Title = {OpEd. Pieces},
Journal = {San Diego Union},
Year = {1991},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds207534}
}
@misc{fds266387,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {San Diego Union},
Year = {1991},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds266387}
}
@misc{fds266388,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {0pEd.},
Journal = {Newsday},
Year = {1990},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds266388}
}
@misc{fds266389,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {The News and Observer (Raleigh)},
Year = {1990},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds266389}
}
@misc{fds207536,
Author = {PJ Cook and Charles T Clotfelter},
Title = {OpEd. Pieces},
Journal = {The News and Observer (Raleigh)},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds207536}
}
@misc{fds207537,
Author = {PJ Cook and Charles T Clotfelter},
Title = {OpEd. Pieces},
Journal = {Newsday},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds207537}
}
@misc{fds266390,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {The Atlanta Constitution},
Year = {1989},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds266390}
}
@misc{fds207538,
Author = {PJ Cook and Charles T Clotfelter},
Title = {OpEd. Piece},
Journal = {The Atlanta Constitution},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds207538}
}
@misc{fds266391,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {OpEd.},
Journal = {The New York times},
Year = {1987},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0362-4331},
Key = {fds266391}
}
@misc{fds207539,
Author = {PJ Cook and Charles T Clotfelter},
Title = {OpEd. Piece},
Journal = {New York Times},
Year = {1987},
Key = {fds207539}
}
@misc{fds266383,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Making Handguns Harder to Hide},
Journal = {The Christian Science Monitor},
Year = {1981},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds266383}
}
%% Other
@misc{fds266409,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Machin, S and Marie, O and Mastrobuoni,
G},
Title = {Crime Economics in Its Fifth Decade},
Journal = {LESSONS FROM THE ECONOMICS OF CRIME: WHAT REDUCES
OFFENDING?},
Pages = {1-16},
Booktitle = {Lessons from the Economics of Crime: What Reduces
Offending?},
Publisher = {MIT PRESS},
Address = {Cambridge, MA},
Editor = {Cook, PJ and Machin, S and Marie, O and Mastrobuoni,
G},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {978-0-262-31462-6},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000345697800001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266409}
}
@misc{fds305857,
Author = {, },
Title = {Explaining the growth in the prison population},
Journal = {Criminology and Public Policy},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Publisher = {Wiley: 24 months},
Editor = {Cook, PJ},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds305857}
}
@misc{fds266441,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Crime: Crime in the city},
Pages = {297-327},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780691131054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000286971800010&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds266441}
}
@misc{fds157205,
Author = {P.J. Cook and special},
Title = {Symposium on deterrence: editorial introduction},
Journal = {Criminology & Public Policy},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {413-416},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds157205}
}
@misc{fds266434,
Author = {Clotfelter, C and Cook, Philip J.},
Title = {State Lotteries at the Turn of the Century: Report to the
National Gambling Impact Study Commission},
Pages = {51 pages},
Year = {1999},
Month = {June},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7548 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {This report provides an overview of lottery operations, with
particular attention to who plays the lottery, how the
lotteries are marketed, and what kinds of policy
alternatives exist for state and federal policymakers.
Section I of the report provides a descriptive overview of
state lotteries, a statistical profile, and a description of
the distribution and size of their revenues. Section II
discusses the findings from the national survey of gambling
conducted by NORC for the Commission. Section III presents a
preliminary analysis of data available to marketers as well
as an initial assessment of marketing plans. The final
section of the report discusses the prominent policy issues
involved in the legalization and operation of state
lotteries.},
Key = {fds266434}
}
@misc{fds47474,
Author = {PJ Cook and Robert Frank},
Title = {Chronicle of Higher Education},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds47474}
}
@misc{fds47473,
Author = {PJ Cook and Robert Frank},
Title = {Washington Monthly},
Year = {1995},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds47473}
}
@misc{fds266406,
Author = {Cook, PJ and Scharff, AS},
Title = {Recommendations Concerning Administration and Rate Structure
for Excise Taxation in Romania},
Publisher = {Distributed by Tax Advisory Program, US Treasury
Department},
Editor = {PJ Cook and A Scharff},
Year = {1994},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds266406}
}
@misc{fds266393,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Social Costs of Drinking},
Publisher = {Norewegian Ministry of Health and Social
Affairs},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {Societies in which drinking is widespread experience a wide
variety of negative social and economic consequences.
Several accounting frameworks are commonly used to assess
the relative importance of these effects, and to calculate
some sort of “total cost” figure. The public health
framework measures costs in terms of excess mortality and
morbidity. The economic cost framework is also concerned
with health effects, but measures them in terms of resulting
lost productivity in employment and in the household. The
economic framework also takes account of other resources
expended or lost as a result of alcohol use, and measures
all of these effects in monetary units. A variant of this
approach distinguishes between costs borne by the drinker,
and costs imposed by the drinker on other people; only the
latter are deemed appropriate as a basis for government
action. A review of social cost studies in the United States
and other advanced western nations suggests that of the
various consequences of alcohol use, two dominate the cost
statistics; lost productivity due to alcohol-related
morbidity, and trauma deaths due to alcohol-related
accidents and intentional violence. Alcohol use is
associated with absenteeism, job accidents, and poor work
performance, as well as impaired productivity in household
tasks. But recent research, based on population survey data
in the United States, has generally found no relationship
between how much a man drinks and how productive he is (as
measured by his earnings, or days lost from work). While
these results may prove to reflect biases in the survey data
or an inadequate conceptual framework, for now there is
little basis for asserting that alcohol use imposes large
costs on the U.S. economy in terms of lost job productivity.
On the other hand, there is firm evidence that alcohol use
causes a substantial increase in total accidents and
victimization from violent crime, and that these
consequences are of considerable importance. Estimates of
the total cost of alcohol use, whether based on the public
health or economic accounting frameworks, are commonly used
to quality the importance of this problem. A more
appropriate use of this perspective is in the evaluation of
specific policy interventions intended to reduce problems
related to alcohol consumption.},
Key = {fds266393}
}
@misc{fds303079,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {The Effect of Gun Availability on Violent Crime
Patterns},
Booktitle = {Federal Regulation of Firearms},
Publisher = {USGPO},
Year = {1982},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds303079}
}
@misc{fds266405,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Discussion (on Martin Bailey's paper on Safety Decisions and
Insurance)},
Journal = {American Economics Association Papers and
Proceedings},
Pages = {300-300},
Year = {1978},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds266405}
}
@misc{fds266312,
Author = {Cook, PJ},
Title = {Causal Linkages between Gun Control Ordinances and Crime: A
Conceptualization and Review of the Literature},
Booktitle = {Hearings},
Publisher = {before the Subcommittee on Crime, Commitee on the Judiciacy,
U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2nd Session,
Appendix 4},
Year = {1978},
Abstract = {Hearings on the Treasury Department's proposed gun
regulations, before the Subcommittee on Crime, Committee on
the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress,
2nd Session, Appendix 4, May 4 and 18, 1978.},
Key = {fds266312}
}
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