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Publications of Christina Hopkins    :chronological  alphabetical  by type listing:

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@article{fds360007,
   Author = {Hopkins, CM and Miller, HN and Brooks, TL and Mo-Hunter, L and Steinberg, DM and Bennett, GG},
   Title = {Designing Ruby: Protocol for a 2-Arm, Brief, Digital
             Randomized Controlled Trial for Internalized Weight
             Bias.},
   Journal = {Jmir Research Protocols},
   Volume = {10},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {e31307},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31307},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Weight bias internalization, also known
             as weight self-stigma, is a serious health concern for
             individuals with higher body weight. Weight bias
             internalization is associated with the greater avoidance of
             health care and health-promoting activities, disordered
             eating, social isolation, and weight gain. Elevated weight
             bias internalization has been associated with low
             self-compassion, yet few investigations have explored
             self-compassion as a potential mechanism for reducing
             internalized weight bias.<h4>Objective</h4>Ruby is a 2-arm
             randomized controlled trial that was designed to test the
             efficacy of a 4-week digital self-compassion intervention to
             reduce internalized weight bias compared with a wait-list
             control.<h4>Methods</h4>Adults with elevated internalized
             weight bias and a BMI of >30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (N=80) were
             recruited. Ruby is a standalone digital trial that will be
             delivered entirely via a smartphone and will involve
             web-based data collection and text messages. The
             intervention content will include psychoeducation and daily
             mindfulness practices with a focus on self-compassion and
             body concerns. We will use intent-to-treat analyses to
             examine changes in weight bias internalization throughout
             time by treatment arm. The analyses will be conducted by
             using one-way analysis of covariance models and linear mixed
             models.<h4>Results</h4>The protocol was designed in May 2020
             and approved in December 2020. Data collection is currently
             underway.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Ruby will be the first digital
             standalone, self-compassion-based intervention designed to
             reduce internalized weight bias. Owing to its standalone
             digital delivery, Ruby may be a highly scalable treatment
             for internalized weight bias that can be delivered on its
             own or combined with other treatments. We expect Ruby to be
             accessible to many, as participants can access the digital
             intervention at times of the day that are the most
             convenient in their schedule and are not burdened by
             in-person time commitments, which can be a barrier for
             participants with competing demands on their time and
             resources. If efficacious, Ruby will be poised to expand a
             burgeoning body of literature related to psychological
             intervention in this area.<h4>Trial registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov
             NCT04678973; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04678973.<h4>International
             registered report identifier (irrid)</h4>DERR1-10.2196/31307.},
   Doi = {10.2196/31307},
   Key = {fds360007}
}

@article{fds350459,
   Author = {Patel, ML and Hopkins, CM and Bennett, GG},
   Title = {Early weight loss in a standalone mHealth intervention
             predicting treatment success.},
   Journal = {Obesity Science & Practice},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {231-237},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/osp4.329},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Early weight loss is a strong predictor of
             longer-term and clinically meaningful weight loss but has
             not been studied in the context of mobile health ('mHealth')
             interventions.<h4>Methods</h4>GoalTracker was a randomized
             trial among adults (21-65 years) with overweight or obesity
             comparing three 12-week standalone mHealth interventions for
             weight loss. All arms received a free commercial mobile app
             (MyFitnessPal) for daily self-monitoring of diet and/or
             weight and a goal to lose 5% of weight by 3 months.
             Collapsing across arms, this analysis examined participants
             with a 1-month weight (<i>n</i> = 84), categorizing them
             as either early responders (≥2% weight loss at 1 month)
             or early non-responders (<2% weight loss at
             1 month).<h4>Results</h4>Early responders - 36% of
             participants - had greater per cent weight change at
             3 months (-5.93% [95% confidence interval: -6.82%, -5.03%])
             than early non-responders (-1.45% [-2.15%, -0.75%]), which
             was sustained at 6 months (-5.91% [-7.33%, -4.48%] vs.
             -1.28% [-2.37%, -0.19%]; <i>p</i>s < 0.0001). Over half
             (57%) of early responders achieved ≥5% weight loss at
             3 months vs. 11% of early non-responders. At 4 weeks,
             self-monitoring frequency (weight/diet) was significantly
             greater among early responders, which continued across
             12 weeks.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Responding early to an mHealth
             treatment is associated with higher engagement and greater
             likelihood of achieving clinically meaningful weight
             loss.},
   Doi = {10.1002/osp4.329},
   Key = {fds350459}
}

@article{fds341889,
   Author = {Patel, ML and Hopkins, CM and Brooks, TL and Bennett,
             GG},
   Title = {Comparing Self-Monitoring Strategies for Weight Loss in a
             Smartphone App: Randomized Controlled Trial.},
   Journal = {Jmir Mhealth and Uhealth},
   Volume = {7},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {e12209},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12209},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND:Self-monitoring of dietary intake is a valuable
             component of behavioral weight loss treatment; however, it
             declines quickly, thereby resulting in suboptimal treatment
             outcomes. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine a novel
             behavioral weight loss intervention that aims to attenuate
             the decline in dietary self-monitoring engagement.
             METHODS:GoalTracker was an automated randomized controlled
             trial. Participants were adults with overweight or obesity
             (n=105; aged 21-65 years; body mass index, BMI, 25-45 kg/m2)
             and were randomized to a 12-week stand-alone weight loss
             intervention using the MyFitnessPal smartphone app for daily
             self-monitoring of either (1) both weight and diet, with
             weekly lessons, action plans, and feedback (Simultaneous);
             (2) weight through week 4, then added diet, with the same
             behavioral components (Sequential); or (3) only diet
             (App-Only). All groups received a goal to lose 5% of initial
             weight by 12 weeks, a tailored calorie goal, and automated
             in-app reminders. Participants were recruited via online and
             offline methods. Weight was collected in-person at baseline,
             1 month, and 3 months using calibrated scales and via
             self-report at 6 months. We retrieved objective
             self-monitoring engagement data from MyFitnessPal using an
             application programming interface. Engagement was defined as
             the number of days per week in which tracking occurred, with
             diet entries counted if ≥800 kcal per day. Other
             assessment data were collected in-person via online
             self-report questionnaires. RESULTS:At baseline,
             participants (84/100 female) had a mean age (SD) of 42.7
             (11.7) years and a BMI of 31.9 (SD 4.5) kg/m2. One-third
             (33/100) were from racial or ethnic minority groups. During
             the trial, 5 participants became ineligible. Of the
             remaining 100 participants, 84% (84/100) and 76% (76/100)
             completed the 1-month and 3-month visits, respectively. In
             intent-to-treat analyses, there was no difference in weight
             change at 3 months between the Sequential arm (mean -2.7 kg,
             95% CI -3.9 to -1.5) and either the App-Only arm (-2.4 kg,
             -3.7 to -1.2; P=.78) or the Simultaneous arm (-2.8 kg, -4.0
             to -1.5; P=.72). The median number of days of
             self-monitoring diet per week was 1.9 (interquartile range
             [IQR] 0.3-5.5) in Sequential (once began), 5.3 (IQR 1.8-6.7)
             in Simultaneous, and 2.9 (IQR 1.2-5.2) in App-Only. Weight
             was tracked 4.8 (IQR 1.9-6.3) days per week in Sequential
             and 5.1 (IQR 1.8-6.3) days per week in Simultaneous.
             Engagement in neither diet nor weight tracking differed
             between arms. CONCLUSIONS:Regardless of the order in which
             diet is tracked, using tailored goals and a commercial
             mobile app can produce clinically significant weight loss.
             Stand-alone digital health treatments may be a viable option
             for those looking for a lower intensity approach. TRIAL
             REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03254953;
             https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03254953 (Archived by
             WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72PyQrFjn).},
   Doi = {10.2196/12209},
   Key = {fds341889}
}

@article{fds338001,
   Author = {Hopkins, CM and Bennett, GG},
   Title = {Weight-Related Terms Differentially Affect Self-Efficacy and
             Perception of Obesity.},
   Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
   Volume = {26},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1405-1411},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22255},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Little work has explored the effect of
             weight-related terms on treatment initiation; only one study
             has investigated weight-related terms and the psychological
             constructs associated with treatment uptake. The present
             study examines the effects of four common weight-related
             terms on treatment initiation and the moderating effect of
             weight bias internalization.<h4>Methods</h4>Adult
             participants with overweight and obesity (n = 436) were
             recruited online and asked to read three vignettes
             describing clinical encounters; the weight-related term
             (i.e., "weight," "BMI," "obesity," or "fat") was varied
             randomly. Participants then reported self-efficacy,
             cognitive and emotional illness beliefs about obesity (i.e.,
             illness perception), and interest in a weight loss
             program.<h4>Results</h4>The term "obesity" resulted in the
             greatest self-efficacy and perceived control over obesity.
             "Fat" resulted in the least illness coherence (i.e.,
             understanding of obesity). Weight bias internalization did
             not moderate the effect of term on self-efficacy, nor did it
             moderate illness perception. No differences in weight loss
             program enrollment were observed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Use of
             the term "obesity" may promote patients' perceived control
             and self-efficacy. Use of "fat" should be avoided. Results
             suggest that, despite patient and clinician preference for
             euphemistic weight terms, use of clinical language such as
             "obesity" may perform better in provider
             intervention.},
   Doi = {10.1002/oby.22255},
   Key = {fds338001}
}

@article{fds335692,
   Author = {Faulconbridge, LF and Driscoll, CFB and Hopkins, CM and Bailer
             Benforado, B and Bishop-Gilyard, C and Carvajal, R and Berkowitz, RI and DeRubeis, R and Wadden, TA},
   Title = {Combined Treatment for Obesity and Depression: A Pilot
             Study.},
   Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
   Volume = {26},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1144-1152},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22209},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Obesity and depression frequently
             co-occur, and each increases risk for cardiovascular disease
             (CVD). This study tested whether a combined treatment,
             targeting obesity and depression simultaneously, would yield
             greater improvements in weight, mood, and CVD risk factors
             than treatments that targeted each disease
             individually.<h4>Methods</h4>Seventy-six participants with
             obesity and major depression were randomly assigned to (1)
             behavioral weight control (BWC), (2) cognitive behavioral
             therapy for depression (CBT-D), or (3) BWC combined with
             CBT-D. Participants were provided 18 group treatment
             sessions over 20 weeks. Mood, weight, and CVD risk were
             assessed at baseline and weeks 8 and 20, with a follow-up
             visit at week 46.<h4>Results</h4>At week 20, participants in
             combined treatment lost significantly (P < 0.02) more
             weight (5.2% ± 1.2%) than those assigned to CBT-D
             (0.8% ± 1.3%) and comparable amounts as those in BWC
             (3.5% ± 1.3%). Depression scores decreased
             significantly from baseline levels in each group, with no
             significant differences between groups. All three groups
             showed significant improvements in 10-year CVD risk, with no
             significant differences between groups. Groups did not
             differ significantly on any of these measures at week
             46.<h4>Conclusions</h4>BWC yielded short-term improvements
             in weight, mood, and CVD risk, comparable to a combined
             treatment that incorporated CBT-D. Results require
             replication with a larger sample size.},
   Doi = {10.1002/oby.22209},
   Key = {fds335692}
}

@article{fds339872,
   Author = {Pearl, RL and Hopkins, CH and Berkowitz, RI and Wadden,
             TA},
   Title = {Group cognitive-behavioral treatment for internalized weight
             stigma: a pilot study.},
   Journal = {Eating and Weight Disorders : Ewd},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {357-362},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-016-0336-y},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>This study tested a novel group-based,
             cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to reduce
             internalized weight stigma among individuals with
             obesity.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of eight men and women with
             obesity who had experienced weight stigma and reported high
             levels of internalized weight stigma attended the Weight
             Bias Internalization and Stigma (BIAS) Program. The program
             provided eight weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral
             treatment to cope with weight stigma. Participants completed
             questionnaires pre- and post-intervention, including the
             Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS), Fat Phobia Scale,
             Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire (WEL), and Beck
             Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Six additional
             participants were included in a quasi-control group that
             received no intervention until after completing all study
             measures.<h4>Results</h4>Participants in the Weight BIAS
             Program reported significantly greater decreases in WBIS and
             Fat Phobia scores, and greater increases in WEL scores than
             participants in the quasi-control group (ps < .04).
             Changes in BDI-II scores did not differ between groups.
             Treatment-acceptability ratings were high among participants
             who received the intervention.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Including
             cognitive-behavioral strategies to address weight stigma in
             weight management programs could potentially reduce
             internalized weight stigma and enhance treatment
             outcomes.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s40519-016-0336-y},
   Key = {fds339872}
}

@article{fds350460,
   Author = {Hopkins, CM and Steinberg, D and Bennett, G},
   Title = {WEIGHT CHANGE MEDIATES CHANGE IN DEPRESSION: RESULTS FROM
             THE TRACK STUDY},
   Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
   Volume = {52},
   Pages = {S328-S328},
   Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {April},
   Key = {fds350460}
}

@article{fds350461,
   Author = {Steinberg, D and Hopkins, C and Bennett, G},
   Title = {INVESTIGATING "MAINTAIN, DON'T GAIN" APPROACHES TO WEIGHT
             CONTROL FOR PATIENTS NOT READY OR INTERESTED IN WEIGHT
             LOSS},
   Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
   Volume = {52},
   Pages = {S661-S661},
   Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {April},
   Key = {fds350461}
}

@article{fds339837,
   Author = {Chao, AM and Loughead, J and Bakizada, ZM and Hopkins, CM and Geliebter,
             A and Gur, RC and Wadden, TA},
   Title = {Sex/gender differences in neural correlates of food stimuli:
             a systematic review of functional neuroimaging
             studies.},
   Journal = {Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International
             Association for the Study of Obesity},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {687-699},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12527},
   Doi = {10.1111/obr.12527},
   Key = {fds339837}
}

@article{fds350462,
   Author = {Hopkins, CM and Steinberg, DM and Bennett, GG},
   Title = {PREFERRED WEIGHT TERMS AND WEIGHT DISSATISFACTION: A STUDY
             OF BLACK WOMEN IN THE SHAPE TRIAL},
   Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
   Volume = {51},
   Pages = {S253-S254},
   Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {March},
   Key = {fds350462}
}

@article{fds339838,
   Author = {Pearl, RL and Wadden, TA and Hopkins, CM and Shaw, JA and Hayes, MR and Bakizada, ZM and Alfaris, N and Chao, AM and Pinkasavage, E and Berkowitz, RI and Alamuddin, N},
   Title = {Association between weight bias internalization and
             metabolic syndrome among treatment-seeking individuals with
             obesity.},
   Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {317-322},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21716},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Weight stigma is a chronic stressor that
             may increase cardiometabolic risk. Some individuals with
             obesity self-stigmatize (i.e., weight bias internalization,
             WBI). No study to date has examined whether WBI is
             associated with metabolic syndrome.<h4>Methods</h4>Blood
             pressure, waist circumference, and fasting glucose,
             triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were
             measured at baseline in 178 adults with obesity enrolled in
             a weight-loss trial. Medication use for hypertension,
             dyslipidemia, and prediabetes was included in criteria for
             metabolic syndrome. One hundred fifty-nine participants
             (88.1% female, 67.3% black, mean BMI = 41.1
             kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) completed the Weight Bias Internalization
             Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, to assess
             depressive symptoms). Odds ratios and partial correlations
             were calculated adjusting for demographics, BMI, and PHQ-9
             scores.<h4>Results</h4>Fifty-one participants (32.1%) met
             criteria for metabolic syndrome. Odds of meeting criteria
             for metabolic syndrome were greater among participants with
             higher WBI, but not when controlling for all covariates
             (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.00-2.13, P = 0.052).
             Higher WBI predicted greater odds of having high
             triglycerides (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.14-3.09,
             P = 0.043). Analyzed categorically, high (vs. low) WBI
             predicted greater odds of metabolic syndrome and high
             triglycerides (Ps < 0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Individuals
             with obesity who self-stigmatize may have heightened
             cardiometabolic risk. Biological and behavioral pathways
             linking WBI and metabolic syndrome require further
             exploration.},
   Doi = {10.1002/oby.21716},
   Key = {fds339838}
}

@article{fds339839,
   Author = {Chao, AM and Shaw, JA and Pearl, RL and Alamuddin, N and Hopkins, CM and Bakizada, ZM and Berkowitz, RI and Wadden, TA},
   Title = {Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of food addiction in
             persons with obesity seeking weight reduction.},
   Journal = {Comprehensive Psychiatry},
   Volume = {73},
   Pages = {97-104},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.009},
   Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Food addiction is a controversial
             concept. The potential influence of food addiction on
             patients' psychosocial functioning and well-being has not
             been well established. The purpose of this study was to
             examine the relationships between psychosocial functioning
             (depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life
             [HRQOL]) and food addiction as measured by the Yale Food
             Addiction Scale (YFAS). We also explored whether food
             addiction contributed additional variance in explaining
             psychosocial functioning, beyond demographic and clinical
             factors (e.g., binge eating).<h4>Methods</h4>The sample
             included 178 participants (mean age=44.2±11.2years;
             BMI=40.9±5.9kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 88.2% female; 70.8% Black)
             with obesity seeking treatment for weight loss. Participants
             completed the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form
             Health Survey, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite,
             Patient Health Questionnaire, YFAS, and Questionnaire on
             Eating and Weight Patterns-5.<h4>Results</h4>Twelve (6.7%)
             participants met criteria for food addiction, with 4 (33.3%)
             of these participants having co-occurring binge eating
             disorder. After adjusting for covariates, the number of food
             addiction symptoms accounted for 6.5% to 16.3% of additional
             variance in general HRQOL, 5.0% to 21.5% in weight-related
             HRQOL, and 19.1% in symptoms of depression.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In
             this treatment-seeking sample of participants, we found a
             low prevalence of food addiction, suggesting that
             addictive-like eating is unlikely to be a causal mechanism
             for most people with obesity. However, individuals who met
             criteria for food addiction had reduced psychosocial
             functioning compared to those who did not meet criteria.
             Individuals with addictive-like eating may require
             additional psychosocial support.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.009},
   Key = {fds339839}
}

@article{fds339840,
   Author = {Chao, AM and Wadden, TA and Faulconbridge, LF and Sarwer, DB and Webb,
             VL and Shaw, JA and Thomas, JG and Hopkins, CM and Bakizada, ZM and Alamuddin, N and Williams, NN},
   Title = {Binge-eating disorder and the outcome of bariatric surgery
             in a prospective, observational study: Two-year
             results.},
   Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {2327-2333},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21648},
   Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>A previous study reported that
             preoperative binge-eating disorder (BED) did not attenuate
             weight loss at 12 months after bariatric surgery. This
             report extends the authors' prior study by examining weight
             loss at 24 months.<h4>Methods</h4>A modified
             intention-to-treat population was used to compare 24-month
             changes in weight among 59 participants treated with
             bariatric surgery, determined preoperatively to be free of a
             current eating disorder, with changes in 33 surgically
             treated participants with BED. Changes were also compared
             with 49 individuals with obesity and BED who sought
             lifestyle modification for weight loss. Analyses included
             all available data points and were adjusted for
             covariates.<h4>Results</h4>At month 24, surgically treated
             patients with BED preoperatively lost 18.6% of initial
             weight, compared with 23.9% for those without BED (P =
             0.049). (Mean losses at month 12 had been 21.5% and 24.2%,
             respectively; P = 0.23.) Participants with BED who received
             lifestyle modification lost 5.6% at 24 months, significantly
             less than both groups of surgically treated patients (P <
             0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These results suggest that
             preoperative BED attenuates long-term weight loss after
             bariatric surgery. We recommend that patients with this
             condition, as well as other eating disturbances, receive
             adjunctive behavioral support, the timing of which remains
             to be determined.},
   Doi = {10.1002/oby.21648},
   Key = {fds339840}
}

@article{fds326668,
   Author = {Allison, KC and Spaeth, A and Hopkins, CM},
   Title = {Sleep and Eating Disorders.},
   Journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
   Volume = {18},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {92},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0728-8},
   Abstract = {Insomnia is related to an increased risk of eating
             disorders, while eating disorders are related to more
             disrupted sleep. Insomnia is also linked to poorer treatment
             outcomes for eating disorders. However, over the last
             decade, studies examining sleep and eating disorders have
             relied on surveys, with no objective measures of sleep for
             anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and only actigraphy
             data for binge eating disorder. Sleep disturbance is better
             defined for night eating syndrome, where sleep efficiency is
             reduced and melatonin release is delayed. Studies that
             include objectively measured sleep and metabolic parameters
             combined with psychiatric comorbidity data would help
             identify under what circumstances eating disorders and sleep
             disturbance produce an additive effect for symptom severity
             and for whom poor sleep would increase risk for an eating
             disorder. Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia may be a
             helpful addition to treatment of those with both eating
             disorder and insomnia.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s11920-016-0728-8},
   Key = {fds326668}
}

@article{fds326669,
   Author = {Janke, EA and Jones, E and Hopkins, CM and Ruggieri, M and Hruska,
             A},
   Title = {Catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity mediate the
             relationship between persistent pain and emotional
             eating.},
   Journal = {Appetite},
   Volume = {103},
   Pages = {64-71},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.022},
   Abstract = {Stress-induced or "emotional eating" contributes to
             increased caloric intake and weight gain, yet models
             examining psychosocial factors that promote and sustain this
             behavior are incomplete. There is a need to identify
             explicit, clinically-relevant mechanisms of emotional eating
             behavior. Pain is a common stressor associated with
             increased weight and, potentially, altered eating behaviors.
             The present study applies the Fear Avoidance Model (FAM) of
             pain to examine processes that may explain the relationship
             between pain and increased weight while also providing the
             opportunity to examine specific mechanisms that may
             encourage eating during a variety of stressors. Our aim is
             to better understand the impact of pain on eating behavior
             and the potential for the FAM to improve our understanding
             of the psychological mechanisms that promote eating during
             times of duress. A survey of 312 adults explored the link
             between pain experience and stress-induced eating, further
             examining the mediating effects of the psychological aspects
             of the FAM (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, catastrophizing, and
             pain-related fear). 24% of respondents reported persistent
             pain, and had significantly higher BMIs than their pain-free
             peers. All three FAM components were positively correlated
             with measures of emotional, external, and restrained eating.
             Anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing significantly
             mediated the relationship between persistent pain and
             emotional eating behavior, while anxiety sensitivity alone
             mediated the relationship between persistent pain and
             external eating. Findings suggest pain may be associated
             with increased likelihood for emotional eating and that
             characteristics from FAM, in particular anxiety sensitivity
             and catastrophizing, may mediate the relationship between
             the presence of persistent pain and emotional eating
             behavior. Evidence-based treatments targeting anxiety
             sensitivity and catastrophizing could be useful to address
             emotional eating in individuals struggling with both weight
             and chronic pain.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.022},
   Key = {fds326669}
}

@article{fds326670,
   Author = {Alfaris, N and Minnick, AM and Hopkins, CM and Berkowitz, RI and Wadden,
             TA},
   Title = {Combination phentermine and topiramate extended release in
             the management of obesity.},
   Journal = {Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {1263-1274},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2015.1041505},
   Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Losing ≥ 5% of initial weight
             improves quality of life and risk factors for cardiovascular
             disease (CVD) in obese individuals. Lifestyle modification,
             the cornerstone of weight reduction, may be complemented by
             pharmacotherapy. In 2012, the FDA approved the combination
             of phentermine and topiramate extended release (ER) for
             chronic weight management, as an adjunct to lifestyle
             modification.<h4>Areas covered</h4>This review examines the
             safety and efficacy of phentermine-topiramate ER, as
             determined by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A
             preliminary study confirmed the benefit of combining the two
             medications for improving weight loss and reducing adverse
             effects, as compared to using equivalent-dose monotherapy
             alone.<h4>Expert opinion</h4>Across RCTs, groups prescribed
             phentermine 15 mg/topiramate ER 92 mg lost an average of 10%
             of initial weight, ∼ 8% more than placebo and 2% more than
             phentermine 7.5 mg/topiramate 46 mg. Weight loss reduced the
             risk of developing type 2 diabetes and improved CVD risk
             factors. Phentermine-topiramate ER, however, was associated
             with increased heart rate, the clinical significance of
             which is being investigated in an FDA-required CVD outcomes
             study. The medication also must be used with caution in
             women of child-bearing age because of an increased risk to
             infants of oral cleft.},
   Doi = {10.1517/14656566.2015.1041505},
   Key = {fds326670}
}

@article{fds326671,
   Author = {Janke, EA and Fritz, M and Hopkins, C and Haltzman, B and Sautter, JM and Ramirez, ML},
   Title = {A randomized clinical trial of an integrated behavioral
             self-management intervention Simultaneously Targeting
             Obesity and Pain: the STOP trial.},
   Journal = {Bmc Public Health},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {621},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-621},
   Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Obesity often occurs co-morbid with
             chronic, non-cancer pain. While behavioral treatments have
             proved effective for pain management and weight loss
             independently, integrated interventions are lacking. The
             study Simultaneously Targeting Obesity and Pain (STOP) is a
             prospective, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial that
             aims to determine whether overweight/obese individuals with
             chronic pain who are randomized to receive an integrated
             treatment Simultaneously Targeting Obesity and Pain (STOP)
             will show more weight loss and greater reduction in pain
             intensity over a 6-month period and greater maintenance at
             12 months than those who receive standard care behavioral
             weight loss or standard care behavioral pain management. We
             hypothesize that individuals randomized to receive the STOP
             treatment will demonstrate improved weight loss, pain
             reduction, and maintenance compared to standard care
             treatment approaches.<h4>Methods/design</h4>Adults
             aged ≥ 18 with a body mass index ≥ 25 and who
             report persistent pain (≥4 out of 0-10
             for > 6 months) will be recruited for treatment at the
             Health Behavior Research Lab at the University of the
             Sciences. After baseline assessments and goal setting,
             participants will be randomized to receive one of three
             treatments. Participants will receive eleven treatment
             sessions delivered during 1 hour, weekly individual
             meetings with a clinic therapist. Follow-up will occur at 3,
             6 and 12-month time points; assessments will include
             measures of weight and pain intensity (primary outcomes). A
             mixed-method approach to evaluating study outcomes will
             include individual interviews with participants about their
             treatment experience. These interviews will be led by a
             research staffer who was not involved in study intervention
             or assessment using a semi-structured discussion
             guide.<h4>Discussion</h4>This study fills an important gap
             in intervention research, evaluating best-practices for
             behavioral management of a highly prevalent co-morbidity
             that has sub-optimal outcomes with currently-implemented
             approaches. STOP's pragmatic focus builds upon treatments
             already in use in clinical practice. Should STOP be found
             efficacious in achieving the dual outcomes of pain
             management and weight loss, such an approach could be
             integrated into practice with minimal additional cost or
             training.<h4>Trial registration</h4>Clinical Trials.gov
             NCT02100995 Date of Registration: March 2014.},
   Doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-14-621},
   Key = {fds326671}
}


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