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| Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty: Publications since January 2023List all publications in the database. :chronological alphabetical by author listing:%% @article{fds375524, Author = {Neacsiu, AD and Beynel, L and Gerlus, N and LaBar, KS and Bukhari-Parlakturk, N and Rosenthal, MZ}, Title = {An experimental examination of neurostimulation and cognitive restructuring as potential components for Misophonia interventions.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {350}, Pages = {274-285}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.120}, Abstract = {Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to certain aversive, repetitive common sounds, or to stimuli associated with these sounds. Two matched groups of adults (29 participants with misophonia and 30 clinical controls with high emotion dysregulation) received inhibitory neurostimulation (1 Hz) over a personalized medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) target functionally connected to the left insula; excitatory neurostimulation (10 Hz) over a personalized dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) target; and sham stimulation over either target. Stimulations were applied while participants were either listening or cognitively downregulating emotions associated with personalized aversive, misophonic, or neutral sounds. Subjective units of distress (SUDS) and psychophysiological measurements (e.g., skin conductance response [SCR] and level [SCL]) were collected. Compared to controls, participants with misophonia reported higher distress (∆SUDS = 1.91-1.93, ps < 0.001) when listening to and when downregulating misophonic distress. Both types of neurostimulation reduced distress significantly more than sham, with excitatory rTMS providing the most benefit (Cohen's dSUDS = 0.53; dSCL = 0.14). Excitatory rTMS also enhanced the regulation of emotions associated with misophonic sounds in both groups when measured by SUDS (dcontrol = 1.28; dMisophonia = 0.94), and in the misophonia group alone when measured with SCL (d = 0.20). Both types of neurostimulation were well tolerated. Engaging in cognitive restructuring enhanced with high-frequency neurostimulation led to the lowest misophonic distress, highlighting the best path forward for misophonia interventions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.120}, Key = {fds375524} } @article{fds375349, Author = {Botvin, CM and Jenkins, JM and Carr, RC and Dodge, KA and Clements, DH and Sarama, J and Watts, TW}, Title = {Can peers help sustain the positive effects of an early childhood mathematics intervention?}, Journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, Volume = {67}, Pages = {159-169}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.11.001}, Abstract = {Our study assessed whether the peer environment in kindergarten and first grade affected student learning following an early mathematics intervention. We leveraged longitudinal data from a cluster-RCT to examine whether math achievement in kindergarten (n = 1,218) and first grade (n = 1,126) was affected by either the share of high-achieving classmates or the proportion of classroom peers who received a preschool math curriculum intervention. Analyses indicated that exposure to treated peers in first grade, but not kindergarten, was significantly associated with small gains in end-of-year achievement. Some analyses also suggested that average peer math achievement was positively related to children's kindergarten and first-grade achievement across conditions, though these results were less robust. We did not find consistent evidence to suggest that the proportion of treated peers coincided with better teaching practices. Taken together, these findings suggest that classroom peer effects may play only a limited role in sustaining early intervention effects.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.11.001}, Key = {fds375349} } @article{fds376145, Author = {Whitman, ET and Ryan, CP and Abraham, WC and Addae, A and Corcoran, DL and Elliott, ML and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Knodt, AR and Melzer, TR and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Sugden, K and Williams, BS and Zhou, J and Hariri, AR and Belsky, DW and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative}, Title = {A blood biomarker of the pace of aging is associated with brain structure: replication across three cohorts.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging}, Volume = {136}, Pages = {23-33}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.008}, Abstract = {Biological aging is the correlated decline of multi-organ system integrity central to the etiology of many age-related diseases. A novel epigenetic measure of biological aging, DunedinPACE, is associated with cognitive dysfunction, incident dementia, and mortality. Here, we tested for associations between DunedinPACE and structural MRI phenotypes in three datasets spanning midlife to advanced age: the Dunedin Study (age=45 years), the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (mean age=63 years), and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age=75 years). We also tested four additional epigenetic measures of aging: the Horvath clock, the Hannum clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. Across all datasets (total N observations=3380; total N individuals=2322), faster DunedinPACE was associated with lower total brain volume, lower hippocampal volume, greater burden of white matter microlesions, and thinner cortex. Across all measures, DunedinPACE and GrimAge had the strongest and most consistent associations with brain phenotypes. Our findings suggest that single timepoint measures of multi-organ decline such as DunedinPACE could be useful for gauging nervous system health.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.008}, Key = {fds376145} } @article{fds376146, Author = {Neacsiu, AD and Beynel, L and Gerlus, N and LaBar, KS and Bukhari-Parlakturk, N and Rosenthal, MZ}, Title = {An experimental examination of neurostimulation and cognitive restructuring as potential components for Misophonia interventions.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {350}, Pages = {274-285}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.120}, Abstract = {Misophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to certain aversive, repetitive common sounds, or to stimuli associated with these sounds. Two matched groups of adults (29 participants with misophonia and 30 clinical controls with high emotion dysregulation) received inhibitory neurostimulation (1 Hz) over a personalized medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) target functionally connected to the left insula; excitatory neurostimulation (10 Hz) over a personalized dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) target; and sham stimulation over either target. Stimulations were applied while participants were either listening or cognitively downregulating emotions associated with personalized aversive, misophonic, or neutral sounds. Subjective units of distress (SUDS) and psychophysiological measurements (e.g., skin conductance response [SCR] and level [SCL]) were collected. Compared to controls, participants with misophonia reported higher distress (∆SUDS = 1.91-1.93, ps < 0.001) when listening to and when downregulating misophonic distress. Both types of neurostimulation reduced distress significantly more than sham, with excitatory rTMS providing the most benefit (Cohen's dSUDS = 0.53; dSCL = 0.14). Excitatory rTMS also enhanced the regulation of emotions associated with misophonic sounds in both groups when measured by SUDS (dcontrol = 1.28; dMisophonia = 0.94), and in the misophonia group alone when measured with SCL (d = 0.20). Both types of neurostimulation were well tolerated. Engaging in cognitive restructuring enhanced with high-frequency neurostimulation led to the lowest misophonic distress, highlighting the best path forward for misophonia interventions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.120}, Key = {fds376146} } @article{fds371466, Author = {Johnson, SL and Rasmussen, JM and Mansoor, M and Ibrahim, H and Rono, W and Goel, P and Vissoci, JRN and Von Isenburg and M and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.}, Journal = {Trauma, Violence & Abuse}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {1168-1183}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15248380231173428}, Abstract = {Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health crisis with long-term adverse consequences for both victims and perpetrators. Patterns of violence often begin during adolescence, yet most interventions target adult relationships. A systematic review was conducted to identify correlates of IPV victimization and perpetration among adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Eligible studies included participants 10 to 24 years old, took place in SSA, and tested a statistical association between a correlate and an IPV outcome. Correlates were defined as any condition or characteristic associated with statistically significant increased or decreased risk of IPV victimization or perpetration. PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, and African Index Medicus were searched and included studies published between January 1, 2000 and February 4, 2022. The search resulted in 3,384 original studies, of which 55 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Correlates were first qualitatively synthesized by developmental period (e.g., early adolescence, older adolescence, and young adulthood) and then organized in a conceptual framework by correlate type (e.g., socio-demographic; health, behavior, and attitudes; relational; or contextual). Over two decades of literature reveals variability in evidence by developmental period but also substantial overlap in the correlates of victimization and perpetration. This review identifies multiple points for intervention and results suggest the urgent need for earlier, developmentally appropriate prevention efforts among younger adolescents as well as combined approaches that target both victimization and perpetration of IPV.}, Doi = {10.1177/15248380231173428}, Key = {fds371466} } @article{fds376061, Author = {Niemi, L and Washington, N and Workman, C and Arcila-Valenzuela, M and De Brigard and F}, Title = {The emotional impact of baseless discrediting of knowledge: An empirical investigation of epistemic injustice}, Journal = {Acta Psychologica}, Volume = {244}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104157}, Abstract = {According to theoretical work on epistemic injustice, baseless discrediting of the knowledge of people with marginalized social identities is a central driver of prejudice and discrimination. Discrediting of knowledge may sometimes be subtle, but it is pernicious, inducing chronic stress and coping strategies such as emotional avoidance. In this research, we sought to deepen the understanding of epistemic injustice's impact by examining emotional responses to being discredited and assessing if marginalized social group membership predicts these responses. We conducted a novel series of three experiments (Total N = 1690) in which participants (1) shared their factual knowledge about how a game worked or their personal feelings about the game; (2) received discrediting feedback (invalidating remarks), validating feedback (affirming remarks), or insulting feedback (general negative social evaluation); and then (3) reported their affect. In all three studies, on average, affective responses to discrediting feedback were less negative than to insulting feedback, and more negative than to validating feedback. Participants who shared their knowledge reported more negative affect after discrediting feedback than participants who shared their feelings. There were consistent individual differences, including a twice-replicated finding of reduced negative affect after receiving discrediting and insulting feedback for Black men compared to White men and women and Black women. Black men's race-based traumatic symptom scores predicted their affective responses to discrediting and insulting feedback, suggesting that experience with discrimination contributed to the emotional processing of a key aspect of epistemic injustice: remarks conveying baseless discrediting of knowledge.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104157}, Key = {fds376061} } @article{fds376037, Author = {Moore, C and Bergelson, E}, Title = {Wordform variability in infants' language environment and its effects on early word learning.}, Journal = {Cognition}, Volume = {245}, Pages = {105694}, Year = {2024}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105694}, Abstract = {Most research regarding early word learning in English tends to make the simplifying assumption that there exists a one-to-one mapping between concrete objects and their labels. In the current work, we provide evidence that runs counter to this assumption, aligning English with more morphologically-rich languages. We suggest that even in a morphologically-poor language like English, real world language input to infants does not provide tidy 1-to-1 mappings. Instead, infants encounter many variant wordforms for familiar nouns (e.g. dog∼doggy∼dogs). We explore this wordform variability in 44 English-learning infants' naturalistic environments using a longitudinal corpus of infant-available speech. We look at both the frequency and composition of wordform variability. We find two broad categories of variability: referent-changing alterations, where words were pluralized or compounded (e.g. coat∼raincoats); and wordplay, where words changed form without a notable change in referent (e.g. bird∼birdie). We further find that wordplay occurs with a limited number of lemmas that are usually early-learned, high-frequency, and shorter. When looking at all wordform variability, we find that individual words with higher levels of wordform variability are learned earlier than words with fewer wordforms, over and above the effect of frequency.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105694}, Key = {fds376037} } @article{fds376105, Author = {Marchese, MJ and Zhu, T and Hawkey, AB and Wang, K and Yuan, E and Wen, J and Be, SE and Levin, ED and Feng, L}, Title = {Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development.}, Journal = {The Science of the Total Environment}, Volume = {917}, Pages = {170459}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170459}, Abstract = {Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in the environment and humans. In-utero PFAS exposure is associated with numerous adverse health impacts. However, little is known about how prenatal PFAS mixture exposure affects offspring's neurobehavioral function. This study aims to determine the causal relationship between in-utero PFAS mixture exposure and neurobehavioral changes in Sprague-Dawley rat offspring. Dams were exposed via drinking water to the vehicle (control), an environmentally relevant PFAS mixture, or a high-dose PFAS mixture. The environmentally relevant mixture was formulated to resemble measured tap water levels in Pittsboro, NC, USA (10 PFAS compounds; sum PFAS =758.6 ng/L). The high-dose PFAS load was 3.8 mg/L (5000×), within the range of exposures in the experimental literature. Exposure occurred seven days before mating until birth. Following exposure to PFAS-laden water or the vehicle during fetal development, neurobehavioral toxicity was assessed in male and female offspring with a battery of motor, cognitive, and affective function tests as juveniles, adolescents, and adults. Just before weaning, the environmentally relevant exposure group had smaller anogenital distances compared to the vehicle and high-dose groups on day 17, and males in the environmentally relevant exposure group demonstrated lower weights than the high-dose group on day 21 (p < 0.05). Reflex development delays were seen in negative geotaxis acquisition for both exposure groups compared to vehicle-exposed controls (p = 0.009). Our post-weaning behavioral measures of anxiety, depression, and memory were not found to be affected by maternal PFAS exposure. In adolescence (week five) and adulthood (week eight), the high PFAS dose significantly attenuated typical sex differences in locomotor activity. Maternal exposure to an environmentally relevant PFAS mixture produced developmental delays in the domains of pup weight, anogenital distance, and reflex acquisition for rat offspring. The high-dose PFAS exposure significantly decreased typical sex differences in locomotor activity.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170459}, Key = {fds376105} } @article{fds376302, Author = {Schmehl, MN and Caruso, VC and Chen, Y and Jun, NY and Willett, SM and Mohl, JT and Ruff, DA and Cohen, M and Ebihara, AF and Freiwald, WA and Tokdar, ST and Groh, JM}, Title = {Multiple objects evoke fluctuating responses in several regions of the visual pathway}, Journal = {Elife}, Volume = {13}, Publisher = {ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.91129}, Abstract = {<jats:p>How neural representations preserve information about multiple stimuli is mysterious. Because tuning of individual neurons is coarse (e.g., visual receptive field diameters can exceed perceptual resolution), the populations of neurons potentially responsive to each individual stimulus can overlap, raising the question of how information about each item might be segregated and preserved in the population. We recently reported evidence for a potential solution to this problem: when two stimuli were present, some neurons in the macaque visual cortical areas V1 and V4 exhibited fluctuating firing patterns, as if they responded to only one individual stimulus at a time (Jun et al., 2022). However, whether such an information encoding strategy is ubiquitous in the visual pathway and thus could constitute a general phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we provide new evidence that such fluctuating activity is also evoked by multiple stimuli in visual areas responsible for processing visual motion (middle temporal visual area, MT), and faces (middle fundus and anterolateral face patches in inferotemporal cortex – areas MF and AL), thus extending the scope of circumstances in which fluctuating activity is observed. Furthermore, consistent with our previous results in the early visual area V1, MT exhibits fluctuations between the representations of two stimuli when these form distinguishable objects but not when they fuse into one perceived object, suggesting that fluctuating activity patterns may underlie visual object formation. Taken together, these findings point toward an updated model of how the brain preserves sensory information about multiple stimuli for subsequent processing and behavioral action.</jats:p>}, Doi = {10.7554/elife.91129}, Key = {fds376302} } @article{fds376270, Author = {Sherwood, A and Ulmer, C and Wu, JQ and Blumenthal, JA and Herold, E and Smith, PJ and Koch, GG and Johnson, K and Viera, A and Edinger, J and Hinderliter, A}, Title = {Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia for untreated hypertension with comorbid insomnia disorder: The SLEEPRIGHT clinical trial.}, Journal = {J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jch.14763}, Abstract = {Insomnia and poor sleep are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its precursors, including hypertension. In 2022, the American Heart Association (AHA) added inadequate sleep to its list of health behaviors that increase the risk for CVD. It remains unknown, however, whether the successful treatment of insomnia and inadequate sleep can reduce heightened CVD risk. SLEEPRIGHT is a single-site, prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate whether the successful treatment of insomnia results in improved markers of CVD risk in patients with untreated hypertension and comorbid insomnia disorder. Participants (N = 150) will undergo baseline assessments, followed by a 6-week run-in period after which they will receive cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), comprised of 6 hourly sessions with an experienced CBT-I therapist over a 6-week period. In addition to measures of insomnia severity, as well as both subjective and objective measures of sleep, the primary outcome measures are nighttime blood pressure (BP) and BP dipping assessed by 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Secondary outcomes include several CVD risk biomarkers, including clinic BP, lipid profile, vascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Data analysis will evaluate the association between improvements in insomnia and sleep with primary and secondary CVD risk biomarker outcomes. The SLEEPRIGHT trial (ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT04009447) will utilize CBT-I, the current gold standard treatment for insomnia disorder, to evaluate whether reducing insomnia severity and improving sleep are accompanied by improved biomarkers of CVD risk in patients with untreated hypertension.}, Doi = {10.1111/jch.14763}, Key = {fds376270} } @article{fds376269, Author = {Stickler, A and Hawkey, AB and Gondal, A and Natarajan, S and Mead, M and Levin, ED}, Title = {Embryonic exposures to cadmium and PAHs cause long-term and interacting neurobehavioral effects in zebrafish.}, Journal = {Neurotoxicol Teratol}, Volume = {102}, Pages = {107339}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107339}, Abstract = {Developmental exposure to either polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals has been shown to cause persisting and overlapping neurobehavioral effects in animal models. However, interactions between these compounds have not been well characterized, despite their co-occurrence in a variety of environmental media. In two companion studies, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) with or without co-exposure to prototypic PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, Exp. 1) or fluoranthene (FA, Exp. 2) using a developing zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Cd (0-0.3 μM), BaP (0-3 μM), FA (0-1.0 μM), or binary Cd-PAH mixtures from 5 to 122 h post fertilization (hpf). In Exp. 1, Cd and BaP produced independent effects on an array of outcomes and interacting effects on specific outcomes. Notably, Cd-induced deficits in dark-induced locomotor stimulation were attenuated by BaP co-exposure in the larval motility test and BaP-induced hyperactivity was attenuated by Cd co-exposure in the adolescent novel tank test. Likewise, in Exp. 2, Cd and FA produced both independent and interacting effects. FA-induced increases on adult post-tap activity in the tap startle test were attenuated by co-exposure with Cd. On the predator avoidance test, FA- and 0.3 μM Cd-induced hyperactivity effects were attenuated by their co-exposure. Taken together, these data indicate that while the effects of Cd and these representative PAHs on zebrafish behavior were largely independent of one another, binary mixtures can produce sub-additive effects for some neurobehavioral outcomes and at certain ages. This research emphasizes the need for detailed risk assessments of mixtures containing contaminants of differing classes, and for clarity on the mechanisms which allow cross-class toxicant interactions to occur.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107339}, Key = {fds376269} } @article{fds376260, Author = {Griffin, JW and Webb, SJ and Keehn, B and Dawson, G and McPartland, JC}, Title = {Autistic Individuals Do Not Alter Visual Processing Strategy During Encoding Versus Recognition of Faces: A Hidden Markov Modeling Approach.}, Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06259-9}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: Visual face recognition-the ability to encode, discriminate, and recognize the faces of others-is fundamentally supported by eye movements and is a common source of difficulty for autistic individuals. We aimed to evaluate how visual processing strategies (i.e., eye movement patterns) directly support encoding and recognition of faces in autistic and neurotypical (NT) individuals. METHODS: We used a hidden Markov modeling approach to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of eye movements in autistic (n = 15) and neurotypical (NT) adolescents (n = 17) during a face identity recognition task. RESULTS: We discovered distinct eye movement patterns among all participants, which included a focused and exploratory strategy. When evaluating change in visual processing strategy across encoding and recognition phases, autistic individuals did not shift their eye movement patterns like their NT peers, who shifted to a more exploratory visual processing strategy during recognition. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that autistic individuals do not modulate their visual processing strategy across encoding and recognition of faces, which may be an indicator of less efficient face processing.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10803-024-06259-9}, Key = {fds376260} } @article{fds371229, Author = {Goulter, N and Hur, YS and Jones, DE and Godwin, J and McMahon, RJ and Dodge, KA and Lansford, JE and Lochman, JE and Bates, JE and Pettit, GS and Crowley, DM}, Title = {Kindergarten conduct problems are associated with monetized outcomes in adolescence and adulthood.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {65}, Number = {3}, Pages = {328-339}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13837}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Across several sites in the United States, we examined whether kindergarten conduct problems among mostly population-representative samples of children were associated with increased criminal and related (criminal + lost offender productivity + victim; described as criminal + victim hereafter) costs across adolescence and adulthood, as well as government and medical services costs in adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants (N = 1,339) were from two multisite longitudinal studies: Fast Track (n = 754) and the Child Development Project (n = 585). Parents and teachers reported on kindergarten conduct problems, administrative and national database records yielded indexes of criminal offending, and participants self-reported their government and medical service use. Outcomes were assigned costs, and significant associations were adjusted for inflation to determine USD 2020 costs.<h4>Results</h4>A 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $21,934 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $63,998 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $12,753 increase in medical services costs, and a $146,279 increase in total costs. In the male sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $28,530 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $58,872 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, and a $144,140 increase in total costs. In the female sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $15,481 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $62,916 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $24,105 increase in medical services costs, and a $144,823 increase in total costs.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This investigation provides evidence of the long-term costs associated with early-starting conduct problems, which is important information that can be used by policymakers to support research and programs investing in a strong start for children.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13837}, Key = {fds371229} } @article{fds372754, Author = {Copeland, WE and Tong, G and Shanahan, L and Rothenberg, WA and Lansford, JE and Godwin, JW and Rybińska, A and Odgers, CL and Dodge, KA}, Title = {Intergenerational Effects of a Family Cash Transfer on the Home Environment.}, Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, Volume = {63}, Number = {3}, Pages = {336-344}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.001}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A natural experiment that provided income supplements to families has been associated with beneficial outcomes for children that persisted into adulthood. The children in this study are now adults, and many are parents. METHOD: The study builds on the longitudinal, representative Great Smoky Mountains study conducted from 1993 to 2020. At follow-up in their late 30s, 1,094 of the 1,348 living participants (81.2%) were assessed. Of these participants (67.6%), 739 were parents. A tribe in the area implemented a cash transfer program of approximately $5,000 annually per person to every tribal member based on the profits received from operating a casino. Ten aspects of the home environment of participants were assessed (eg, family chaos, substance use, and food insecurity) as well as a composite measure across all home environment indicators. The proposed analyses were preregistered (https://osf.io/ex638). RESULTS: Of the 739 parents assessed, 192 (26.0%) were American Indians. Parents whose families received cash transfers during childhood did not differ from parents whose families did not receive cash transfers on any of the home environment indicators or the composite measure. At the same time, there was little evidence of elevated risk for participants in either group in measures of parental mental health, substance use, and violence. CONCLUSION: A family cash transfer in childhood that had long-term effects on individual functioning did not impact the home environment of participants who became parents. Rather, parents in both groups were providing home environments generally conducive to their children's growth and development. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION: Intergenerational Effects of a Family Cash Transfer on the Home Environment; https://osf.io/; ex638.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.001}, Key = {fds372754} } @article{fds375376, Author = {Folker, AE and Deater-Deckard, K and Lansford, JE and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Rothenberg, WA and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Steinberg, L and Tapanya, S and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L}, Title = {Intraindividual variability in parental acceptance-rejection predicts externalizing and internalizing symptoms across childhood/adolescence in nine countries.}, Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)}, Volume = {38}, Number = {2}, Pages = {333-344}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0001133}, Abstract = {Parenting that is high in rejection and low in acceptance is associated with higher levels of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems in children and adolescents. These symptoms develop and can increase in severity to negatively impact adolescents' social, academic, and emotional functioning. However, there are two major gaps in the extant literature: (a) nearly all prior research has focused on between-person differences in acceptance/rejection at the expense of examining intraindividual variability (IIV) across time in acceptance/rejection; and (b) no prior studies examine IIV in acceptance/rejection in diverse international samples. The present study utilized six waves of data with 1,199 adolescents' families living in nine countries from the Parenting Across Cultures study to test the hypotheses that (1) higher amounts of youth IIV in mother acceptance/rejection predict higher internalizing and (2) externalizing symptoms, and (3) that higher youth IIV in father acceptance/rejection predict higher internalizing, and (4) externalizing symptoms. Meta-analytic techniques indicated a significant, positive effect of IIV in child-reported mother and father acceptance/rejection on adolescent externalizing symptoms, and a significant positive effect of IIV in father acceptance/rejection on internalizing symptoms. The weighted effect for mother acceptance/rejection on internalizing symptoms was not statistically significant. Additionally, there was significant heterogeneity in all meta-analytic estimates. More variability over time in experiences of parental acceptance/rejection predicts internalizing and externalizing symptoms as children transition into adolescence, and this effect is present across multiple diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/fam0001133}, Key = {fds375376} } @article{fds376228, Author = {Rothenberg, WA and Lansford, JE and Godwin, JW and Dodge, KA and Copeland, WE and Odgers, CL and McMahon, RJ and Rybinska, A and Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group}, Title = {Intergenerational Effects of the Fast Track Intervention on Next-Generation Child Outcomes: A Preregistered Randomized Clinical Trial.}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {181}, Number = {3}, Pages = {213-222}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20220927}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether the Fast Track mental health intervention delivered to individuals in childhood decreased mental health problems and the need for health services among the children of these individuals. METHODS: The authors examined whether Fast Track assignment in one generation of children (generation 2; G2) from grades 1 through 10 reduced parent-reported mental health problems and health services use in these children's children (generation 3; G3) 18 years later relative to a control group. The Fast Track intervention blended parent behavior-management training, child social-cognitive skills tutoring, home visits, and classroom social-ecology changes across grades 1-10 to ameliorate emerging conduct problems among the G2 children. For this study, 1,057 G3 children of Fast Track participants (N=581 intervention group, N=476 control group) were evaluated. RESULTS: G3 children of G2 parents who were randomized to the Fast Track intervention group used fewer general inpatient services and fewer inpatient or outpatient mental health services compared with G3 children of G2 parents randomized to the control group. Some of these effects were mediated: randomization to Fast Track predicted fewer internalizing problems and less use of corporal punishment among G2 adults at age 25, which subsequently predicted less general inpatient service use and outpatient mental health service use among the G3 children by the time the G2 parents were 34 years old. There were no significant differences between G3 children from these two groups on the use of other health services or on mental health measures. CONCLUSIONS: Fast Track was associated with lower use of general inpatient services and inpatient and outpatient mental health services intergenerationally, but effects on parent-reported mental health of the children were not apparent across generations. Investing in interventions for the mental health of children could reduce service use burdens across generations.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.20220927}, Key = {fds376228} } @article{fds376229, Author = {Bustos, B and Lopez, M and Dodge, KA and Lansford, JE and Copeland, WE and Odgers, CL and Bruckner, TA}, Title = {Family cash transfers in childhood and birthing persons and birth outcomes later in life.}, Journal = {Ssm Population Health}, Volume = {25}, Pages = {101623}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101623}, Abstract = {Much literature in the US documents an intergenerational transmission of birthing person and perinatal morbidity in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. A separate line of work indicates that family cash transfers may improve life chances of low-income families well into adulthood. By exploiting a quasi-random natural experiment of a large family cash transfer among a southeastern American Indian (AI) tribe in rural North Carolina, we examine whether a "perturbation" in socioeconomic status during childhood improves birthing person/perinatal outcomes when they become parents themselves. We acquired birth records on 6805 AI and non-AI infants born from 1995 to 2018. Regression methods to examine effect modification tested whether the birthing person's American Indian (AI) status and exposure to the family cash transfer during their childhood years corresponds with improvements in birthing person and perinatal outcomes. Findings show an increase in age at childbearing (coef: 0.15 years, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05, 0.25) and a decrease in pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; coef: -0.42, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.09) with increased duration of cash transfer exposure during childhood. The odds of large-for-gestational age at delivery, as well as mean infant birthweight, is also reduced among AI births whose birthing person had relatively longer duration of exposure to the cash transfer. We, however, observe no relation with other birthing person/perinatal outcomes (e.g., tobacco use during pregnancy, preterm birth). In this rural AI population, cash transfers in one generation correspond with improved birthing person and infant health in the next generation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101623}, Key = {fds376229} } @article{fds376272, Author = {Dodge, KA}, Title = {How a defensive mindset develops from early adverse experiences and guides antisocial outcomes.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Pages = {1-7}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579424000348}, Abstract = {Dante Cicchetti has had a lasting impact on our understanding of the development of externalizing psychopathology through at least two seminal contributions, including establishment of the field of developmental psychopathology and assertion of the hypothesis that early physical abuse and neglect trigger a cascade of maladaptive outcomes across the life course. These ideas have guided a program of research on children's deviant social information processing and defensive mindset as the psychological mechanisms through which early physical abuse leads to long-term psychopathology. Longitudinal studies following children from early life through mid-adulthood show that physical abuse in the first five years of life leads children to adopt a defensive mindset that, in turn, cascades into long-term outcomes of externalizing psychopathology, incarceration, and dysfunction. Cicchetti's ideas have also guided the development of preventive interventions to interrupt this life course.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579424000348}, Key = {fds376272} } @article{fds376035, Author = {Hooker, JE and Brewer, JR and McDermott, KA and Kanaya, M and Somers, TJ and Keefe, F and Kelleher, S and Fisher, HM and Burns, J and Jeddi, RW and Kulich, R and Polykoff, G and Parker, RA and THRIVE Study Team, and Greenberg, J and Vranceanu, A-M}, Title = {Improving multimodal physical function in adults with heterogeneous chronic pain; Protocol for a multisite feasibility RCT.}, Journal = {Contemp Clin Trials}, Volume = {138}, Pages = {107462}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2024.107462}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is associated with substantial impairment in physical function, which has been identified as a top concern among persons with pain. GetActive-Fitbit, a mind-body activity program, is feasible, acceptable, and associated with improvement in physical function among primarily White, sedentary individuals with pain. In preparation for a multisite efficacy trial, we must examine feasibility across multiple sites with diverse patient populations. Here we describe the protocol of a multisite, feasibility RCT comparing GetActive-Fitbit with a time- and attention-matched educational comparison (Healthy Living for Pain). We aim to 1) test multisite fidelity of clinician training; 2) evaluate multisite feasibility benchmarks, including recruitment of chronic pain patients taking <5000 steps/day and racial and ethnic minorities; and 3) optimize fidelity and study protocol in preparation for a future multisite efficacy trial. METHODS: Clinician training fidelity was assessed via roleplays and mock group sessions. Feasibility (i.e., recruitment, acceptability, credibility, adherence, satisfaction), multimodal physical function (e.g., self-report, 6-Minute Walk Test, step-count), and other psychosocial outcomes are assessed at baseline, posttest, and 6 months. Protocol optimization will be assessed using exit interviews and cross-site meetings. RESULTS: The trial is ongoing. Clinician training is complete. 87 participants have been recruited. 54 completed baseline assessments and randomization, 44 are mid-intervention, and 9 have completed the intervention and posttest. CONCLUSIONS: This study addresses the critical need for feasible, acceptable mind-body-activity interventions for chronic pain that follow evidence-based guidelines and improve all aspects of physical function across diverse populations. Results will inform a future fully-powered multisite efficacy trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05700383.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2024.107462}, Key = {fds376035} } @article{fds376089, Author = {Barber, KE and Woods, DW and Ely, LJ and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Neal-Barnett, A and Franklin, ME and Capriotti, MR and Conelea, CA and Twohig, MP}, Title = {Long-term follow-up of acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Research}, Volume = {333}, Pages = {115767}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115767}, Abstract = {Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania (AEBT-TTM) is effective in reducing trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms, but the durability of treatment effects remains in question. This study analyzed 6-month follow-up data from a large randomized clinical trial comparing AEBT-TTM to an active psychoeducation and supportive therapy control (PST). Adults with TTM (N=85; 92% women) received 10 sessions of AEBT-TTM or PST across 12 weeks. Independent evaluators assessed participants at baseline, post-treatment, and 6 months follow-up. For both AEBT-TTM and PST, self-reported and evaluator-rated TTM symptom severity decreased from baseline to follow-up. TTM symptoms did not worsen from post-treatment to follow-up. At follow-up, AEBT-TTM and PST did not differ in rates of treatment response, TTM diagnosis, or symptom severity. High baseline TTM symptom severity was a stronger predictor of high follow-up severity for PST than for AEBT-TTM, suggesting AEBT-TTM may be a better option for more severe TTM. Results support the efficacy of AEBT-TTM and show that treatment gains were maintained over time. Although AEBT-TTM yielded lower symptoms at post-treatment, 6-month follow-up outcomes suggest AEBT-TTM and PST may lead to similar symptom levels in the longer term. Future research should examine mechanisms that contribute to long-term gain maintenance.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115767}, Key = {fds376089} } @article{fds375248, Author = {Weinfurt, KP and Flynn, K}, Title = {Some Clarifications Regarding the PROMIS© SexFS: Commentary on Clements et al. (2023).}, Journal = {Archives of Sexual Behavior}, Volume = {53}, Number = {3}, Pages = {869-870}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-023-02789-y}, Doi = {10.1007/s10508-023-02789-y}, Key = {fds375248} } @article{fds375235, Author = {Laing, C and Bergelson, E}, Title = {Analyzing the effect of sibling number on input and output in the first 18 months.}, Journal = {Infancy}, Volume = {29}, Number = {2}, Pages = {175-195}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12578}, Abstract = {Prior research suggests that across a wide range of cognitive, educational, and health-based measures, first-born children outperform their later-born peers. Expanding on this literature using naturalistic home-recorded data and parental vocabulary reports, we find that early language outcomes vary by number of siblings in a sample of 43 English-learning U.S. children from mid-to-high socioeconomic status homes. More specifically, we find that children in our sample with two or more-but not one-older siblings had smaller productive vocabularies at 18 months, and heard less input from caregivers across several measures than their peers with less than two siblings. We discuss implications regarding what infants experience and learn across a range of family sizes in infancy.}, Doi = {10.1111/infa.12578}, Key = {fds375235} } @article{fds374401, Author = {Winter Née Grocke and P and Tomasello, M}, Title = {From what I want to do to what we decided to do: 5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, honor their agreements with peers.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, Volume = {239}, Pages = {105811}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105811}, Abstract = {Sometimes we have a personal preference but we agree with others to follow a different course of action. In this study, 3- and 5-year-old children (N = 160) expressed a preference for playing a game one way and were then confronted with peers who expressed a different preference. The experimenter then either got the participants to agree with the peers explicitly or just shrugged her shoulders and moved on. The children were then left alone to play the game unobserved. Only the older children stuck to their agreement to play the game as the peers wished. These results suggest that by 5 years of age children's sense of commitment to agreements is strong enough to override their personal preferences.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105811}, Key = {fds374401} } @article{fds372782, Author = {Albuja, AF and Muñoz, M and Kinzler, K and Woodward, A and Gaither, SE}, Title = {Hypodescent or ingroup overexclusion?: Children's and adults' racial categorization of ambiguous black/white biracial faces.}, Journal = {Developmental Science}, Volume = {27}, Number = {2}, Pages = {e13450}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13450}, Abstract = {Two processes describe racially ambiguous Black/White Biracial categorization-the one-drop rule, or hypodescent, whereby racially ambiguous people are categorized as members of their socially subordinated racial group (i.e., Black/White Biracial faces categorized as Black) and the ingroup overexclusion effect, whereby racially ambiguous people are categorized as members of a salient outgroup, regardless of the group's status. Without developmental research with racially diverse samples, it is unclear when these categorization patterns emerge. Study 1 included White, Black, and racially diverse Biracial children (aged 3- to 7-years) and their parents to test how racial group membership and social context influence face categorization biases. To provide the clearest test of hypodescent and ingroup overexclusion, White participants came from majority White neighborhoods and Black participants from majority Black neighborhoods (with Biracial participants from more racially diverse neighborhoods)-two samples with prominent racial ingroups. Study 2 aimed to replicate the parent findings with a separate sample of White, Black, Black/White Biracial, and Asian adults. Results suggest the ingroup overexclusion effect is present across populations early in development and persists into adulthood. Additionally, categorization was meaningfully related to parental context, pinpointing a pathway that potentially contributes to ingroup overexclusion. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: White, Black, and racially diverse Biracial children and adults tended to categorize racially ambiguous Black/White Biracial faces as racial outgroup members, even if the outgroup was White. This contradicts most work arguing Black/White Biracial racially ambiguous people are more often seen as Black. Children and parents' categorizations were related, though children's categorizations were not related to socialization above and beyond parents' categorizations. Children showed similar categorization patterns across dichotomous and continuous measures.}, Doi = {10.1111/desc.13450}, Key = {fds372782} } @article{fds374966, Author = {Straka, BC and Albuja, A and Leer, J and Brauher, K and Gaither, SE}, Title = {The rich get richer? Children's reasoning about socioeconomic status predicts inclusion and resource bias.}, Journal = {Developmental Psychology}, Volume = {60}, Number = {3}, Pages = {505-521}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001655}, Abstract = {Children's socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to disparate access to resources and affects social behaviors such as inclusion and resource allocations. Yet it is unclear whether children's essentialized view of SES (i.e., believing SES is immutable) or subjective social status (SSS) influences behavioral biases toward high- versus low-SES peers. We measured 4- to 9-year-old children's SES essentialism and SSS to test whether these predict inclusion and resource allocations to high- versus low-SES peers (<i>N</i> = 127; from a midsize city in the Southeastern United States; 49.6% female; parent-reported 54.2% White, 2.8% Black, 8.3% Latine, 5.6% Asian, 1.4% another race, 27.8% multiracial, 43.3% not provided). We also compared children's SES beliefs to their parent's. Children's SES essentialism and SSS decreased across the ages tested, and children reported higher SSS than their parents. Parents' SES essentialism predicted younger (but not older) children's SES essentialism. Moreover, SES essentialism mediated the negative relationship between age and preference for including high-SES peers, while SSS mediated the negative relationship between age and preference for allocating more resources to high-SES peers. This suggests that beliefs about the nature of SES may influence sociorelational behavior like including or excluding others, while perceived social status (SSS) may influence resource allocations. Furthermore, older children and those with lower SES essentialism included low- versus high-SES peers more often while older and lower SSS children distributed more resources toward low- versus high-SES peers. Thus, children's SES essentialism and SSS may also influence their behaviors to either perpetuate or rectify inequality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/dev0001655}, Key = {fds374966} } @article{fds376291, Author = {Bagdasarov, A and Brunet, D and Michel, CM and Gaffrey, MS}, Title = {Microstate Analysis of Continuous Infant EEG: Tutorial and Reliability.}, Journal = {Brain Topography}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-024-01043-5}, Abstract = {Microstate analysis of resting-state EEG is a unique data-driven method for identifying patterns of scalp potential topographies, or microstates, that reflect stable but transient periods of synchronized neural activity evolving dynamically over time. During infancy - a critical period of rapid brain development and plasticity - microstate analysis offers a unique opportunity for characterizing the spatial and temporal dynamics of brain activity. However, whether measurements derived from this approach (e.g., temporal properties, transition probabilities, neural sources) show strong psychometric properties (i.e., reliability) during infancy is unknown and key information for advancing our understanding of how microstates are shaped by early life experiences and whether they relate to individual differences in infant abilities. A lack of methodological resources for performing microstate analysis of infant EEG has further hindered adoption of this cutting-edge approach by infant researchers. As a result, in the current study, we systematically addressed these knowledge gaps and report that most microstate-based measurements of brain organization and functioning except for transition probabilities were stable with four minutes of video-watching resting-state data and highly internally consistent with just one minute. In addition to these results, we provide a step-by-step tutorial, accompanying website, and open-access data for performing microstate analysis using a free, user-friendly software called Cartool. Taken together, the current study supports the reliability and feasibility of using EEG microstate analysis to study infant brain development and increases the accessibility of this approach for the field of developmental neuroscience.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10548-024-01043-5}, Key = {fds376291} } @article{fds374608, Author = {Landry, AP and Fincher, K and Barr, N and Brosowsky, NP and Protzko, J and Ariely, D and Seli, P}, Title = {Harnessing dehumanization theory, modern media, and an intervention tournament to reduce support for retributive war crimes}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}, Volume = {111}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104567}, Abstract = {We demonstrate how psychological scientists can curate rich-yet-accessible media to intervene on conflict-escalating attitudes during the earliest stages of violent conflicts. Although wartime atrocities all-too-often ignite destructive cycles of tit-for-tat war crimes, powerful third parties can de-escalate the bloodshed. Therefore, following Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine, we aimed to reduce Americans' support for committing retributive war crimes against Russian soldiers. To intervene during the earliest stages of the invasion, we drew on theories of dehumanization and “parasocial” intergroup contact to curate publicly available media expected to humanize Russian soldiers. We then identified the most effective materials by simultaneously evaluating all of them with an intervention tournament. This allowed us to quickly implement a psychological intervention that reliably reduced support for war crimes during the first days of a momentous land war. Our work provides a practical, result-driven model for developing psychological interventions with the potential to de-escalate incipient conflicts.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104567}, Key = {fds374608} } @article{fds375236, Author = {Finiasz, Z and Gelman, SA and Kushnir, T}, Title = {Testimony and observation of statistical evidence interact in adults' and children's category-based induction.}, Journal = {Cognition}, Volume = {244}, Pages = {105707}, Year = {2024}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105707}, Abstract = {Hearing generic or other kind-relevant claims can influence the use of information from direct observations in category learning. In the current study, we ask how both adults and children integrate their observations with testimony when learning about the causal property of a novel category. Participants were randomly assigned to hear one of four types of testimony: generic, quantified "all", specific, or only labels. In Study 1, adults (N = 1249) then observed that some proportion of objects (10%-100%) possessed a causal property. In Study 2, children (N = 123, M<sub>age</sub> = 5.06 years, SD = 0.61 years, range 4.01-5.99 years) observed a sample where 30% of the objects had the causal property. Generic and quantified "all" claims led both adults and children to generalize the causal property beyond what was observed. Adults and children diverged, however, in their overall trust in testimony that could be verified by observations: adults were more skeptical of inaccurate quantified claims, whereas children were more accepting. Additional memory probes suggest that children's trust in unverified claims may have been due to misremembering what they saw in favor of what they heard. The current findings demonstrate that both child and adult learners integrate information from both sources, offering insights into the mechanisms by which language frames first-hand experience.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105707}, Key = {fds375236} } @article{fds373348, Author = {Caves, EM and Davis, AL and Nowicki, S and Johnsen, S}, Title = {Backgrounds and the evolution of visual signals.}, Journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {188-198}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.006}, Abstract = {Color signals which mediate behavioral interactions across taxa and contexts are often thought of as color 'patches' - parts of an animal that appear colorful compared to other parts of that animal. Color patches, however, cannot be considered in isolation because how a color is perceived depends on its visual background. This is of special relevance to the function and evolution of signals because backgrounds give rise to a fundamental tradeoff between color signal detectability and discriminability: as its contrast with the background increases, a color patch becomes more detectable, but discriminating variation in that color becomes more difficult. Thus, the signal function of color patches can only be fully understood by considering patch and background together as an integrated whole.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.006}, Key = {fds373348} } @article{fds374231, Author = {Reeck, C and LaBar, KS}, Title = {Retrieval-induced forgetting of emotional memories.}, Journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {131-147}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2023.2279156}, Abstract = {Long-term memory manages its contents to facilitate adaptive behaviour, amplifying representations of information relevant to current goals and expediting forgetting of information that competes with relevant memory traces. Both mnemonic selection and inhibition maintain congruence between the contents of long-term memory and an organism's priorities. However, the capacity of these processes to modulate affective mnemonic representations remains ambiguous. Three empirical experiments investigated the consequences of mnemonic selection and inhibition on affectively charged and neutral mnemonic representations using an adapted retrieval practice paradigm. Participants encoded neutral cue words and affectively negative or neutral associates and then selectively retrieved a subset of these associates multiple times. The consequences of selection and inhibitory processes engaged during selective retrieval were evaluated on a final memory test in which recall for all studied associates was probed. Analyses of memory recall indicated that both affectively neutral and negative mnemonic representations experienced similar levels of enhancement and impairment following selective retrieval, demonstrating the susceptibility of affectively salient memories to these mnemonic processes. These findings indicate that although affective memories may be more strongly encoded in memory, they remain amenable to inhibition and flexibly adaptable to the evolving needs of the organism.}, Doi = {10.1080/02699931.2023.2279156}, Key = {fds374231} } @article{fds375348, Author = {Zang, E and Gibson-Davis, C and Li, H}, Title = {Beyond parental wealth: Grandparental wealth and the transition to adulthood}, Journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility}, Volume = {89}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100878}, Abstract = {This study considers the multigenerational consequences of wealth transmission for the transition to young adulthood. Using a wider set of outcomes than has previously been considered, and by analyzing parental and grandparental wealth simultaneously, this work underscores the salience of multiple generations of wealth as a predictor for young adult well-being. Data comes from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics on a sample of youth followed from mid-adolescence until the age of 20. Results from linear regression models indicate that parental wealth was associated with increases in the probability of college attendance and steady employment and inversely associated with the likelihood of nonmarital birth and idleness. Grandparental wealth predicted non-educational outcomes at least as well as parental wealth did and explained more variance in young adults’ outcomes when parental wealth was lower. The association between parental wealth and non-educational outcomes suggest that wealth may inform young adults’ broader life course by predicting outcomes other than college attendance. Grandparental wealth may serve a compensatory function for children with low parental wealth. Results suggest that persistently low wealth across multiple generations may impede the successful transition to young adulthood.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100878}, Key = {fds375348} } @article{fds364192, Author = {Lansford, JE and Rothenberg, WA and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Morgenstern, G and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Tapanya, S and Steinberg, L and Uribe Tirado, LM}, Title = {Compliance with Health Recommendations and Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID Pandemic in Nine Countries.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {230-244}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01399-9}, Abstract = {Longitudinal data from the Parenting Across Cultures study of children, mothers, and fathers in 12 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the USA; N = 1331 families) were used to understand predictors of compliance with COVID-19 mitigation strategies and vaccine hesitancy. Confidence in government responses to the COVID pandemic was also examined as a potential moderator of links between pre-COVID risk factors and compliance with COVID mitigation strategies and vaccine hesitancy. Greater confidence in government responses to the COVID pandemic was associated with greater compliance with COVID mitigation strategies and less vaccine hesitancy across cultures and reporters. Pre-COVID financial strain and family stress were less consistent predictors of compliance with COVID mitigation strategies and vaccine hesitancy than confidence in government responses to the pandemic. Findings suggest the importance of bolstering confidence in government responses to future human ecosystem disruptions, perhaps through consistent, clear, non-partisan messaging and transparency in acknowledging limitations and admitting mistakes to inspire compliance with government and public health recommendations.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-022-01399-9}, Key = {fds364192} } @article{fds375832, Author = {Carr, RC and Jenkins, JM and Watts, TW and Peisner-Feinberg, ES and Dodge, KA}, Title = {Investigating if high-quality kindergarten teachers sustain the pre-K boost to children's emergent literacy skill development in North Carolina.}, Journal = {Child Development}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14076}, Abstract = {This study tested the hypothesis that high-quality kindergarten teachers sustain and amplify the skill development of children who participated in North Carolina's NC Pre-K program during the previous year, compared to matched non-participants (N = 17,330; 42% African American, 40% Non-Hispanic White, 15% Hispanic; 51% male; M<sub>age</sub> = 4.5 years at fall of pre-K). Kindergarten teacher quality was measured using a "value-added" approach. NC Pre-K participants outperformed non-participants in the fall of kindergarten (β = .22) and 11% of this boost remained evident by the spring of kindergarten. Higher value-added teachers promoted the skill development of all children (β = .30 in the spring) but did not differentially benefit the skill development of former NC Pre-K participants compared to non-participants.}, Doi = {10.1111/cdev.14076}, Key = {fds375832} } @article{fds376107, Author = {Gorla, L and Rothenberg, WA and Lansford, JE and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Junla, D and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Steinberg, L and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM}, Title = {Adolescents' relationships with parents and romantic partners in eight countries.}, Journal = {Journal of Adolescence}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jad.12306}, Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Creating romantic relationships characterized by high-quality, satisfaction, few conflicts, and reasoning strategies to handle conflicts is an important developmental task for adolescents connected to the relational models they receive from their parents. This study examines how parent-adolescent conflicts, attachment, positive parenting, and communication are related to adolescents' romantic relationship quality, satisfaction, conflicts, and management.<h4>Method</h4>We interviewed 311 adolescents at two time points (females = 52%, ages 15 and 17) in eight countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Generalized and linear mixed models were run considering the participants' nesting within countries.<h4>Results</h4>Adolescents with negative conflicts with their parents reported low romantic relationship quality and satisfaction and high conflicts with their romantic partners. Adolescents experiencing an anxious attachment to their parents reported low romantic relationship quality, while adolescents with positive parenting showed high romantic relationship satisfaction. However, no association between parent-adolescent relationships and conflict management skills involving reasoning with the partner was found. No associations of parent-adolescent communication with romantic relationship dimensions emerged, nor was there any effect of the country on romantic relationship quality or satisfaction.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results stress the relevance of parent-adolescent conflicts and attachment as factors connected to how adolescents experience romantic relationships.}, Doi = {10.1002/jad.12306}, Key = {fds376107} } @article{fds373556, Author = {Cook, CE and O'Halloran, B and McDevitt, A and Keefe, FJ}, Title = {Specific and shared mechanisms associated with treatment for chronic neck pain: study protocol for the SS-MECH trial.}, Journal = {J Man Manip Ther}, Volume = {32}, Number = {1}, Pages = {85-95}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2023.2267391}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Treatment mechanisms involve the steps or processes through which an intervention unfolds and produces change in an outcome variable. Treatment mechanisms can be specific to the intervention provided (i.e. pain modulation) or shared with other treatments (i.e. reduced fear of movement). Whether specific and shared treatment mechanisms are different across interventions and whether they lead to the outcomes seen in trials is largely unknown. The management of individuals with chronic neck pain routinely include manual therapy (MT) and resistance exercise (RE), as both approaches are included in clinical practice guidelines and both yield similar outcomes. OBJECTIVES: Our study plans to answer two research questions: 1) what are the specific mechanisms associated with MT versus interventions (and are these different), and 2) what are the shared mechanisms associated with these interventions, and do specific or shared mechanisms mediate clinical outcomes? METHODS: This study will involve a 2-group parallel (1:1) single-blinded randomized trial to compare the specific and potential shared treatment mechanisms between these two approaches. We will enroll individuals with a history of chronic neck pain and evaluate whether specific or shared mechanisms mediate clinical outcomes. RESULTS: We hypothesize that MT and RE approaches will both exhibit different specific treatment mechanisms, and that both approaches will exhibit shared treatment mechanisms, which will notably influence outcomes at both discharge and 6-months. CONCLUSIONS: This study is important because it will help identify what specific or shared treatment mechanisms are associated with different interventions and, how different treatment mechanisms influence clinical outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1080/10669817.2023.2267391}, Key = {fds373556} } @article{fds371870, Author = {Barber, KE and Woods, DW and Bauer, CC and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Franklin, ME}, Title = {Psychometric Properties of Trichotillomania Severity Measures}, Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, Volume = {48}, Number = {1}, Pages = {18-29}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10406-4}, Abstract = {Background: Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder that leads to significant hair loss, distress, and impairment. Few validated measures exist to assess TTM, and psychometric research examining these tools is sparse. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of commonly used TTM severity measures and extended prior research by including hair loss severity ratings in our analyses. Methods: Participants included 91 adults (92.3% Female; M age = 35.0) with TTM who completed baseline assessments as part of a randomized clinical trial of psychotherapy for TTM. TTM measures included the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HS) and National Institute of Mental Health Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH-TSS). Independent evaluators rated photos of participants’ most severely affected pulling sites using a one-item hair loss severity scale. Results: Results showed mixed psychometric properties for TTM measures. The MGH-HS showed acceptable internal consistency (alpha = 0.83; omega = 0.89), while the NIMH-TSS had lower internal consistency (alpha = 0.52; omega = 0.73). Both the MGH-HS and NIMH-TSS demonstrated low test-retest reliability. Total scores on the MGH-HS and NIMH-TSS were not associated with hair loss severity. Conclusions: Given these findings, it is imperative to develop new, psychometrically-sound TTM measures. These results also emphasize the importance of a multi-method approach to TTM assessment. In addition to self-report and clinician-administered measures, hair loss severity ratings may offer valuable information as part of a comprehensive assessment of TTM.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10608-023-10406-4}, Key = {fds371870} } @article{fds372713, Author = {Barber, KE and Capel, LK and Merl, N and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Franklin, ME and Woods, DW}, Title = {Pulling Sites in Trichotillomania: Exploring Differences in Characteristics, Phenomenology, and Contextual Variables}, Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, Volume = {48}, Number = {1}, Pages = {164-176}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10419-z}, Abstract = {Introduction: Trichotillomania is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide range of presentations. Past studies have described the phenomenology of trichotillomania, but individual differences based on the body site from which hair is pulled have not been thoroughly explored. Contextual variables relevant to pulling (e.g., settings, tool use) may vary as a function of pulling site. We constructed a detailed profile of individual and clinical characteristics based on pulling site and describe contextual factors associated with different pulling sites. Methods: Data were drawn from two randomized control trials of psychotherapy for trichotillomania. Participants included treatment-seeking adults with trichotillomania (N = 153; 89% women; Mage=33.41) who took part in either a face-to-face (n = 92) or an online (n = 61) trial. Study 1 explored differences in age, gender, trichotillomania symptom severity, and levels of automatic and focused pulling as a function of pulling site. Study 2 included a subset of Study 1 participants (n = 65) and examined pulling site differences for relevant contextual variables. Results: Study 1 revealed differences in age, gender, and level of automatic vs. focused pulling based on pulling site. Study 2 showed that pulling from different bodily sites was more likely to occur in specific settings and with certain tools. Discussion: These results reflect considerable variability in the phenomenology of trichotillomania across pulling sites and contribute to the overall understanding of trichotillomania. A clearer picture of contextual cues and clinical characteristics for different hair pulling sites has treatment implications. Clinical applications and future research directions are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10608-023-10419-z}, Key = {fds372713} } @article{fds373514, Author = {Richardson, SM and Pflieger, JC and Hisle-Gorman, E and Briggs, EC and Fairbank, JA and Stander, VA}, Title = {Family separation from military service and children's externalizing symptoms: Exploring moderation by non-military spouse employment, family financial stress, marital quality, and the parenting alliance}, Journal = {Social Development (Oxford, England)}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12713}, Abstract = {Military separation is a well-documented vulnerability point for service members, yet little is known regarding how children fare across this transition. The current study examined 909 military-connected children from the Millennium Cohort Family Study (Wave 1 Mage = 3.88 years, SD =.095) across a 3-year period to explore whether separation predicted child externalizing symptoms over and above Wave 1 externalizing levels, by comparing separated versus not separated military families over time. We also explored if non-military spouse employment, financial stress, marital quality, or parenting alliance moderated the relation of separation with child externalizing. Data were collected via a parent-reported online questionnaire and administrative military records. Results showed that separation was unrelated to externalizing. However, moderation analyses suggested that for those who separated, non-military spouses’ employment prior to separation was related to less externalizing, whereas the parenting alliance was related to less externalizing only for families who remained in the military. Recommendations include assistance with spouse employment prior to military separation and parenting support throughout military service.}, Doi = {10.1111/sode.12713}, Key = {fds373514} } @article{fds375858, Author = {Andrade, FC and Burnell, K and Godwin, J and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Alcohol Use and Abstinence throughout Adolescence: The Changing Contributions of Perceived Risk of Drinking, Opportunities to Drink, and Self-Control.}, Journal = {Substance Use & Misuse}, Pages = {1-10}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2310489}, Abstract = {<i>Objective</i>: Adolescence is characterized by psychosocial and cognitive changes that can alter the perceived risk of negative effects of alcohol, opportunities to drink, and self-control. Few studies have investigated whether these factors change in their contribution to adolescent drinking over time. This study examined associations between perceived risk, opportunities to drink, self-control, and past-year drinking and investigated whether self-control buffers the effect of lower perceived risk and frequent drinking opportunities on the probability of past-year drinking. <i>Method</i>: Data from a four-wave longitudinal study (2015-2020) of 2,104 North Carolina adolescents (<i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 12.36, <i>SD<sub>age</sub></i> = 1.12, at Time 1) were used to assess changes in associations between self-control, perceived risk of drinking, and drinking opportunities on the frequency of past-year drinking. Hypotheses were tested using latent trajectory models. <i>Results</i>: At all timepoints, greater perceived risk, fewer drinking opportunities, and higher self-control were associated with drinking abstinence in the past year. Self-control buffered the impact of frequent drinking opportunities and lower perceived risk on the probability of alcohol use at Times 1-3. <i>Conclusions</i>: Despite expectations that adolescents' ability to navigate their environments improves as they age, associations between risk, protective factors, and past-year drinking were relatively stable over time. Nevertheless, self-control protected against frequent drinking opportunities and lower perceived risk. Strategies that support or relieve the need for self-control (e.g., situation modification) may protect against alcohol use throughout adolescence.}, Doi = {10.1080/10826084.2024.2310489}, Key = {fds375858} } @article{fds374928, Author = {Abakoumkin, G and Tseliou, E and McCabe, KO and Lemay, EP and Stroebe, W and Agostini, M and Bélanger, JJ and Gützkow, B and Kreienkamp, J and Kutlaca, M and VanDellen, MR and Abdul Khaiyom and JH and Ahmedi, V and Akkas, H and Almenara, CA and Atta, M and Bagci, SC and Basel, S and Berisha Kida and E and Bernardo, ABI and Buttrick, NR and Chobthamkit, P and Choi, HS and Cristea, M and Csaba, S and Damnjanovic, K and Danyliuk, I and Di Santo and D and Douglas, KM and Enea, V and Faller, DG and Fitzsimons, G and Gheorghiu, A and Gómez, Á and Grzymala-Moszczynska, J and Hamaidia, A and Han, Q and Helmy, M and Hudiyana, J and Jeronimus, BF and Jiang, DY and Jovanović, V and Kamenov, Ž and Kende, A and Keng, SL and Kieu, TTT and Koc, Y and Kovyazina, K and Kozytska, I and Krause, J and Kruglanski, AW and Kurapov, A and Lantos, NA and Lesmana, CBJ and Louis, WR and Lueders, A and Malik, NI and Martinez, A and Mehulić, J and Milla, MN and Mohammed, I and Molinario, E and Moyano, M and Muhammad, H and Mula, S and Muluk, H and Myroniuk, S and Najafi, R and Nisa, CF and Nyúl, B and O’Keefe, PA and Olivas Osuna and JJ and Osin, EN and Park, J and Pica, G and Pierro, A and Rees, J and Reitsema, AM and Resta, E and Rullo, M and Ryan, MK and Samekin, A and Santtila, P and Sasin, E and Schumpe, BM and Selim, HA and Stanton, MV and Sultana, S and Sutton, RM and Utsugi, A and van Breen, JA and Van Lissa and CJ and Van Veen and K and Vázquez, A and Wollast, R and Yeung, VWL and Zand, S and Žeželj, IL and Zheng, B and Zick, A}, Title = {Conceptual replication and extension of health behavior theories' predictions in the context of COVID-19: Evidence across countries and over time}, Journal = {Social and Personality Psychology Compass}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12909}, Abstract = {Virus mitigation behavior has been and still is a powerful means to fight the COVID-19 pandemic irrespective of the availability of pharmaceutical means (e.g., vaccines). We drew on health behavior theories to predict health-protective (coping-specific) responses and hope (coping non-specific response) from health-related cognitions (vulnerability, severity, self-assessed knowledge, efficacy). In an extension of this model, we proposed orientation to internal (problem-focused coping) and external (country capability) coping resources as antecedents of health protection and hope; health-related cognitions were assumed as mediators of this link. We tested these predictions in a large multi-national multi-wave study with a cross-sectional panel at T1 (Baseline, March-April 2020; N = 57,631 in 113 countries) and a panel subsample at two later time points, T2 (November 2020; N = 3097) and T3 (April 2021; N = 2628). Multilevel models showed that health-related cognitions predicted health-protective responses and hope. Problem-focused coping was mainly linked to health-protective behaviors (T1-T3), whereas country capability was mainly linked to hope (T1-T3). These relationships were partially mediated by health-related cognitions. We conceptually replicated predictions of health behavior theories within a real health threat, further suggesting how different coping resources are associated with qualitatively distinct outcomes. Both patterns were consistent across countries and time.}, Doi = {10.1111/spc3.12909}, Key = {fds374928} } @article{fds368586, Author = {Guiney, H and Caspi, A and Ambler, A and Belsky, J and Kokaua, J and Broadbent, J and Cheyne, K and Dickson, N and Hancox, RJ and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Ramrakha, S and Righarts, A and Thomson, WM and Moffitt, TE and Poulton, R}, Title = {Childhood sexual abuse and pervasive problems across multiple life domains: Findings from a five-decade study.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {36}, Number = {1}, Pages = {219-235}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422001146}, Abstract = {The aim of this study was to use longitudinal population-based data to examine the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and risk for adverse outcomes in multiple life domains across adulthood. In 937 individuals followed from birth to age 45y, we assessed associations between CSA (retrospectively reported at age 26y) and the experience of 22 adverse outcomes in seven domains (physical, mental, sexual, interpersonal, economic, antisocial, multi-domain) from young adulthood to midlife (26 to 45y). Analyses controlled for sex, socioeconomic status, prospectively reported child harm and household dysfunction adverse childhood experiences, and adult sexual assault, and considered different definitions of CSA. After adjusting for confounders, CSA survivors were more likely than their peers to experience internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders, suicide attempts, health risk behaviors, systemic inflammation, poor oral health, sexually transmitted diseases, high-conflict relationships, benefit use, financial difficulties, antisocial behavior, and cumulative problems across multiple domains in adulthood. In sum, CSA was associated with multiple persistent problems across adulthood, even after adjusting for confounding life stressors, and the risk for particular problems incremented with CSA severity. The higher risk for most specific problems was small to moderate, but the cumulative long-term effects across multiple domains reflect considerable individual and societal burden.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579422001146}, Key = {fds368586} } @article{fds375277, Author = {Egner, T and Siqi-Liu, A}, Title = {Insights into control over cognitive flexibility from studies of task-switching.}, Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences}, Volume = {55}, Pages = {101342}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2023.101342}, Abstract = {Cognitive flexibility denotes the ability to disengage from a current task and shift one's focus to a different activity. An individual's level of flexibility is not fixed; rather, people adapt their readiness to switch tasks to changing circumstances. We here review recent studies in the task-switching literature that have produced new insights into the contextual factors that drive this adaptation of flexibility, as well as proposals regarding the underlying cognitive mechanisms and learning processes. A fast-growing literature suggests that there are several different means of learning the need for, and implementing, changes in one's level of flexibility. These, in turn, have distinct consequences for the degree to which adjustments in cognitive flexibility are transferrable to new stimuli and tasks.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2023.101342}, Key = {fds375277} } @article{fds374275, Author = {Sali, AW and Bejjani, C and Egner, T}, Title = {Learning Cognitive Flexibility: Neural Substrates of Adapting Switch-Readiness to Time-varying Demands.}, Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Volume = {36}, Number = {2}, Pages = {377-393}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02091}, Abstract = {An individual's readiness to switch tasks (cognitive flexibility) varies over time, in part, as the result of reinforcement learning based on the statistical structure of the world around them. Consequently, the behavioral cost associated with task-switching is smaller in contexts where switching is frequent than where it is rare, but the underlying brain mechanisms of this adaptation in cognitive flexibility are not well understood. Here, we manipulated the likelihood of switches across blocks of trials in a classic cued task-switching paradigm while participants underwent fMRI. As anticipated, behavioral switch costs decreased as the probability of switching increased, and neural switch costs were observed in lateral and medial frontoparietal cortex. To study moment-by-moment adjustments in cognitive flexibility at the neural level, we first fitted the behavioral RT data with reinforcement learning algorithms and then used the resulting trial-wise prediction error estimate as a regressor in a model-based fMRI analysis. The results revealed that lateral frontal and parietal cortex activity scaled positively with unsigned switch prediction error and that there were no brain regions encoding signed (i.e., switch- or repeat-specific) prediction error. Taken together, this study documents that adjustments in cognitive flexibility to time-varying switch demands are mediated by frontoparietal cortex tracking the likelihood of forthcoming task switches.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_02091}, Key = {fds374275} } @article{fds374919, Author = {Şentürk, YD and Ünver, N and Demircan, C and Egner, T and Günseli, E}, Title = {The reactivation of task rules triggers the reactivation of task-relevant items.}, Journal = {Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior}, Volume = {171}, Pages = {465-480}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.024}, Abstract = {Working memory (WM) describes the temporary storage of task-relevant items and procedural rules to guide action. Despite its central importance for goal-directed behavior, the interplay between WM and long-term memory (LTM) remains poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that repeated use of the same task-relevant item in WM results in a hand-off of the storage of that item to LTM, and switching to a new item reactivates WM. To further elucidate the rules governing WM-LTM interactions, we here planned to probe whether a change in task rules, independent of a switch in task-relevant items, would also lead to WM reactivation of maintained items. To this end, we used scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data, specifically the contralateral delay activity (CDA), to track WM item storage while manipulating repetitions and changes in task rules and task-relevant items across trials in a visual WM task. We tested two rival hypotheses: If changes in task rules result in a reactivation of the target item representation, then the CDA should increase when a task change is cued even when the same target has been repeated across trials. However, if the reactivation of a task-relevant item only depends on the mnemonic availability of the item itself instead of the task it is used for, then only the changes in task-relevant items should reactivate the representations. Accordingly, the CDA amplitude should decrease for repeated task-relevant items independently of a task change. We found a larger CDA on task-switch compared to task-repeat trials, suggesting that the reactivation of task rules triggers the reactivation of task-relevant items in WM. By demonstrating that WM reactivation of LTM is interdependent for task rules and task-relevant items, this study informs our understanding of visual WM and its interplay with LTM. PREREGISTERED STAGE 1 PROTOCOL: https://osf.io/zp9e8 (date of in-principle acceptance: 19/12/2021).}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.024}, Key = {fds374919} } @article{fds376165, Author = {Morales-Torres, R and Egner, T}, Title = {Beyond stimulus-response rules: Task sets incorporate information about performance difficulty.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001337}, Abstract = {The capacity for goal-directed behavior relies on the generation and implementation of task sets. While task sets are traditionally defined as mnemonic ensembles linking task goals to stimulus-response mappings, we here asked the question whether they may also entail information about task difficulty: does the level of focus required for performing a task become incorporated within the task set? We addressed this question by employing a cued task-switching protocol, wherein participants engaged in two intermixed tasks with trial-unique stimuli. Both tasks were equally challenging during a baseline and a transfer phase, while their difficulty was manipulated during an intermediate learning phase by varying the proportion of trials with congruent versus incongruent response mappings between the two tasks. Comparing congruency effects between the baseline and transfer phases, Experiment 1 showed that the task with a low (high) proportion of congruent trials in the learning phase displayed reduced (increased) cross-task interference effects in the transfer phase, indicating that the level of task focus required in the learning phase had become associated with each task set. Experiment 2 indicated that strengthening of task focus level in the task with a low proportion of congruent trials was the primary driver of this effect. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility of cue-control associations mediating this effect. Taken together, our results show that task sets can become associated with the focus level required to successfully implement them, thus significantly expanding our concept of the type of information that makes up a task set. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/xlm0001337}, Key = {fds376165} } @article{fds365795, Author = {Puffer, ES and Johnson, SL and Quick, KN and Rieder, AD and Mansoor, M and Proeschold-Bell, RJ and Jones, S and Moore-Lawrence, S and Rasmussen, JD and Cucuzzella, C and Burwell, F and Dowdy, L and Moore, F and Rosales, N and Sanyal, A and Ramachandran, P and Duerr, E and Tice, L and Ayuku, D and Boone, WJ}, Title = {Family Strengthening in the Context of COVID-19: Adapting a Community-Based Intervention from Kenya to the United States.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {267-278}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01418-9}, Abstract = {COVID-19 led to widespread disruption of services that promote family well-being. Families impacted most were those already experiencing disparities due to structural and systemic barriers. Existing support systems faded into the background as families became more isolated. New approaches were needed to deliver evidence-based, low-cost interventions to reach families within communities. We adapted a family strengthening intervention developed in Kenya ("Tuko Pamoja") for the United States. We tested a three-phase participatory adaptation process. In phase 1, we conducted community focus groups including 11 organizations to identify needs and a community partner. In phase 2, the academic-community partner team collaboratively adapted the intervention. We held a development workshop and trained community health workers to deliver the program using an accelerated process combining training, feedback, and iterative revisions. In phase 3, we piloted Coping Together with 18 families, collecting feedback through session-specific surveys and participant focus groups. Community focus groups confirmed that concepts from Tuko Pamoja were relevant, and adaptation resulted in a contextualized intervention-"Coping Together"-an 8-session virtual program for multiple families. As in Tuko Pamoja, communication skills are central and applied for developing family values, visions, and goals. Problem-solving and coping skills then equip families to reach goals, while positive emotion-focused activities promote openness to change. Sessions are interactive, emphasizing skills practice. Participants reported high acceptability and appropriateness, and focus groups suggested that most content was understood and applied in ways consistent with the theory of change. The accelerated reciprocal adaptation process and intervention could apply across resource-constrained settings.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-022-01418-9}, Key = {fds365795} } @article{fds371480, Author = {Posner, J and Dawson, G}, Title = {Addressing the Gap in Research Training in Child Psychiatry and Neurodevelopment.}, Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, Volume = {63}, Number = {2}, Pages = {105-108}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.026}, Abstract = {Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions in children are common, often co-occur, and can be highly impairing. Moreover, psychiatric disorders that typically do not fully manifest until adulthood, such as schizophrenia, have their roots in early development, with atypical brain and behavioral patterns arising well before a clinical diagnosis is made. The relevance of brain development to improving outcomes of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions underscores the need to cultivate a pipeline of investigators with the necessary training to conduct rigorous, developmentally focused research.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.026}, Key = {fds371480} } @article{fds376099, Author = {Brandsen, S and Chandrasekhar, T and Franz, L and Grapel, J and Dawson, G and Carlson, D}, Title = {Prevalence of bias against neurodivergence-related terms in artificial intelligence language models.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {17}, Number = {2}, Pages = {234-248}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3094}, Abstract = {Given the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in many decision-making processes, we investigate the presence of AI bias towards terms related to a range of neurodivergent conditions, including autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We use 11 different language model encoders to test the degree to which words related to neurodiversity are associated with groups of words related to danger, disease, badness, and other negative concepts. For each group of words tested, we report the mean strength of association (Word Embedding Association Test [WEAT] score) averaged over all encoders and find generally high levels of bias. Additionally, we show that bias occurs even when testing words associated with autistic or neurodivergent strengths. For example, embedders had a negative average association between words related to autism and words related to honesty, despite honesty being considered a common strength of autistic individuals. Finally, we introduce a sentence similarity ratio test and demonstrate that many sentences describing types of disabilities, for example, "I have autism" or "I have epilepsy," have even stronger negative associations than control sentences such as "I am a bank robber."}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.3094}, Key = {fds376099} } @article{fds374322, Author = {Hantzmon, SV and Davenport, CA and Das Gupta and MN and Adekunle, TA and Gaither, SE and Olsen, MK and Pinheiro, SO and Johnson, KS and Mahoney, H and Falls, A and Lloyd, L and Pollak, KI}, Title = {Race differences in patient trust and distrust from audio-recorded cardiology encounters.}, Journal = {Patient Educ Couns}, Volume = {119}, Pages = {108083}, Year = {2024}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2023.108083}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Many have reported racial disparities in self-reported trust in clinicians but have not directly assessed expressions of trust and distrust in physician-patient encounters. We created a codebook to examine racial differences in patient trust and distrust through audio-recorded cardiologist-patient interactions. METHODS: We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial of audio-recorded outpatient cardiology encounters (50 White and 51 Black patients). We created a codebook for trust and distrust that was applied to recordings between White cardiologists and White and Black patients. We assessed differences in trust, distrust, and guardedness while adjusting for patient age, sex, and first appointment with the cardiologist. RESULTS: Compared to White patients, Black patients had significantly lower expressions of trust ([IRR] [95 % CI]: 0.59 [0.41, 0.84]) and a significantly lower mean guarded/open score ([β] [95 % CI] -0.38 [-0.71, -0.04]). There was no statistically significant association between race and odds of at least one distrustful expression (OR [95 % CI] 1.36 [0.37, 4.94]). CONCLUSION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: We found that coders can reliably identify patient expressions of trust and distrust rather than relying on problematic self-reported measures. Results suggest that White clinicians can improve their communication with Black patients to increase expressions of trust.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pec.2023.108083}, Key = {fds374322} } @article{fds375498, Author = {Merenstein, JL and Zhao, J and Overson, DK and Truong, T-K and Johnson, KG and Song, AW and Madden, DJ}, Title = {Depth- and curvature-based quantitative susceptibility mapping analyses of cortical iron in Alzheimer's disease.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, Volume = {34}, Number = {2}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad525}, Abstract = {In addition to amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with elevated iron in deep gray matter nuclei using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). However, only a few studies have examined cortical iron, using more macroscopic approaches that cannot assess layer-specific differences. Here, we conducted column-based QSM analyses to assess whether AD-related increases in cortical iron vary in relation to layer-specific differences in the type and density of neurons. We obtained global and regional measures of positive (iron) and negative (myelin, protein aggregation) susceptibility from 22 adults with AD and 22 demographically matched healthy controls. Depth-wise analyses indicated that global susceptibility increased from the pial surface to the gray/white matter boundary, with a larger slope for positive susceptibility in the left hemisphere for adults with AD than controls. Curvature-based analyses indicated larger global susceptibility for adults with AD versus controls; the right hemisphere versus left; and gyri versus sulci. Region-of-interest analyses identified similar depth- and curvature-specific group differences, especially for temporo-parietal regions. Finding that iron accumulates in a topographically heterogenous manner across the cortical mantle may help explain the profound cognitive deterioration that differentiates AD from the slowing of general motor processes in healthy aging.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad525}, Key = {fds375498} } @article{fds375370, Author = {Hawkey, AB and Shekey, N and Dean, C and Asrat, H and Koburov, R and Holloway, ZR and Kullman, SW and Levin, ED}, Title = {Developmental exposure to pesticides that disrupt retinoic acid signaling cause persistent retinoid and behavioral dysfunction in zebrafish.}, Journal = {Toxicological Sciences}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfae001}, Abstract = {Early developmental exposure to environmental toxicants may play a role in the risk for developing autism. A variety of pesticides have direct effects on retinoic acid (RA) signaling and as RA signaling has important roles in neurodevelopment, such compounds may cause developmental neurotoxicity through an overlapping adverse outcome pathway. It is hypothesized that a pesticide's embryonic effects on retinoid function may correspond with neurobehavioral disruption later in development. In the current studies, we determined the effects of RA-acting pesticides on neurobehavioral development in zebrafish. Buprofezin and imazalil caused generalized hypoactivity in the larval motility test, while chlorothalonil and endosulfan I led to selective hypoactivity and hyperactivity respectively. With buprofezin, chlorothalonil and imazalil, hypoactivity and/or novel anxiety-like behaviors persisted in adulthood and buprofezin additionally decreased social attraction responses in adulthood. Endosulfan I did not produce significant adult behavioral effects. Using qPCR analyses of adult brain tissue we observed treatment-induced alterations in RA synthesis or catabolic genes, indicating persistent changes in RA homeostasis. These changes were compound-specific, with respect to expression directionality, and potential patterns of homeostatic disruption. Results suggest likely persistence of disruptions in RA-signaling well into adulthood and may represent compensatory mechanisms following early life stage exposures. This study demonstrates that early developmental exposure to environmental toxicants that interfere with RA signaling cause short as well as long-term behavioral disruption in a well-established zebrafish behavioral model and expand upon the meaning of the RA adverse outcome pathway, indicating that observed effects likely correspond with the nature of underlying homeostatic effects.}, Doi = {10.1093/toxsci/kfae001}, Key = {fds375370} } @article{fds375366, Author = {Rabner, J and Olino, TM and Albano, AM and Keeton, CP and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Piacentini, J and Peris, TS and Compton, SN and Gosch, E and Ginsburg, GS and Pinney, EL and Kendall, PC}, Title = {Substance use outcomes from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS).}, Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13926}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Substance use problems and anxiety disorders are both highly prevalent and frequently cooccur in youth. The present study examined the benefits of successful anxiety treatment at 3-12 years after treatment completion on substance use outcomes (i.e. diagnoses and lifetime expected use). METHODS: The sample was from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS), a naturalistic follow-up study to the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) which randomized youth to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; Coping cat), medication (sertraline), their combination, or pill placebo. The first CAMELS visit occurred an average of 6.5 years following CAMS randomization. Participants were 319 youth (65.4% of the CAMS sample), aged 7-17 years at CAMS baseline assessment with a mean age of 17.6 years (range: 11-26 years) at the time of the first CAMELS follow-up. Substance use outcomes included diagnoses as well as lifetime substance use (i.e. alcohol and tobacco use). RESULTS: Eleven of 319 (3.4%) CAMELS participants were diagnosed with a substance use disorder at the initial follow-up visit. When compared to the population lifetime rate of 11.4%, the rate of diagnoses in the posttreated sample was significantly lower. Additionally, rates of lifetime alcohol use were lower than population rates at the initial and final follow-up visits. Rates of lifetime tobacco use were similarly lower than lifetime population rates at the initial visit (driven by significantly lower rates in the CBT treatment condition), but higher by the final visit. Furthermore, treatment remission (but not treatment response) was associated with a lower rate of substance use diagnoses at the initial follow-up visit, although rates of lifetime alcohol and tobacco use did not differ by treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety treatments confer a beneficial impact on problematic substance use (i.e. diagnoses) as well as on expected substance use (i.e. alcohol and tobacco use) for on average, a period of 6.5 years.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13926}, Key = {fds375366} } @article{fds375347, Author = {Green, T and Bosworth, HB and Coronado, GD and DeBar, L and Green, BB and Huang, SS and Jarvik, JG and Mor, V and Zatzick, D and Weinfurt, KP and Check, DK}, Title = {Factors Affecting Post-trial Sustainment or De-implementation of Study Interventions: A Narrative Review.}, Journal = {J Gen Intern Med}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-023-08593-7}, Abstract = {In contrast to traditional randomized controlled trials, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (ePCTs) are conducted within healthcare settings with real-world patient populations. ePCTs are intentionally designed to align with health system priorities leveraging existing healthcare system infrastructure and resources to ease intervention implementation and increase the likelihood that effective interventions translate into routine practice following the trial. The NIH Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), supports the conduct of large-scale ePCT Demonstration Projects that address major public health issues within healthcare systems. The Collaboratory has a unique opportunity to draw on the Demonstration Project experiences to generate lessons learned related to ePCTs and the dissemination and implementation of interventions tested in ePCTs. In this article, we use case studies from six completed Demonstration Projects to summarize the Collaboratory's experience with post-trial interpretation of results, and implications for sustainment (or de-implementation) of tested interventions. We highlight three key lessons learned. First, ineffective interventions (i.e., ePCT is null for the primary outcome) may be sustained if they have other measured benefits (e.g., secondary outcome or subgroup) or even perceived benefits (e.g., staff like the intervention). Second, effective interventions-even those solicited by the health system and/or designed with significant health system partner buy-in-may not be sustained if they require significant resources. Third, alignment with policy incentives is essential for achieving sustainment and scale-up of effective interventions. Our experiences point to several recommendations to aid in considering post-trial sustainment or de-implementation of interventions tested in ePCTs: (1) include secondary outcome measures that are salient to health system partners; (2) collect all appropriate data to allow for post hoc analysis of subgroups; (3) collect experience data from clinicians and staff; (4) engage policy-makers before starting the trial.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11606-023-08593-7}, Key = {fds375347} } @article{fds375497, Author = {Stout, JA and Mahzarnia, A and Dai, R and Anderson, RJ and Cousins, S and Zhuang, J and Lad, EM and Whitaker, DB and Madden, DJ and Potter, GG and Whitson, HE and Badea, A}, Title = {Accelerated Brain Atrophy, Microstructural Decline and Connectopathy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.}, Journal = {Biomedicines}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010147}, Abstract = {Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has recently been linked to cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that AMD modifies the brain aging trajectory, and we conducted a longitudinal diffusion MRI study on 40 participants (20 with AMD and 20 controls) to reveal the location, extent, and dynamics of AMD-related brain changes. Voxel-based analyses at the first visit identified reduced volume in AMD participants in the cuneate gyrus, associated with vision, and the temporal and bilateral cingulate gyrus, linked to higher cognition and memory. The second visit occurred 2 years after the first and revealed that AMD participants had reduced cingulate and superior frontal gyrus volumes, as well as lower fractional anisotropy (FA) for the bilateral occipital lobe, including the visual and the superior frontal cortex. We detected faster rates of volume and FA reduction in AMD participants in the left temporal cortex. We identified inter-lingual and lingual-cerebellar connections as important differentiators in AMD participants. Bundle analyses revealed that the lingual gyrus had a lower streamline length in the AMD participants at the first visit, indicating a connection between retinal and brain health. FA differences in select inter-lingual and lingual cerebellar bundles at the second visit showed downstream effects of vision loss. Our analyses revealed widespread changes in AMD participants, beyond brain networks directly involved in vision processing.}, Doi = {10.3390/biomedicines12010147}, Key = {fds375497} } @article{fds376088, Author = {Burns, JW and Jensen, MP and Thorn, BE and Lillis, TA and Carmody, J and Gerhart, J and Keefe, F}, Title = {Cognitive Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and Behavior Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Predictors and Moderators of Treatment Response.}, Journal = {J Pain}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.003}, Abstract = {Psychosocial interventions for people with chronic pain produce significant improvements in outcomes, but these effects on average are modest with much variability in the benefits conferred on individuals. To enhance the magnitude of treatment effects, characteristics of people that might predict the degree to which they respond more or less well could be identified. People with chronic low back pain (N = 521) participated in a randomized controlled trial which compared cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, behavior therapy and treatment as usual. Hypotheses regarding predictors and/or moderators were based on the Limit, Activate, and Enhance model; developed to predict and explain moderators/predictors of psychosocial pain treatments. Results were: 1) low levels of cognitive/behavioral function at pre-treatment predicted favorable pre- to post-treatment outcomes; 2) favorable expectations of benefit from treatment and sound working alliances predicted favorable pre- to post-treatment outcomes; 3) women benefited more than men. These effects emerged without regard to treatment condition. Of note, high levels of cognitive/behavioral function at pre-treatment predicted favorable outcomes only for people in the treatment as usual condition. Analyses identified a set of psychosocial variables that may act as treatment predictors across cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction and behavior therapy, as hypothesized by the Limit, Activate, and Enhance model if these 3 treatments operate via similar mechanisms. Findings point toward people who may and who may not benefit fully from the 3 psychosocial treatments studied here, and so may guide future research on matching people to these kinds of psychosocial approaches or to other (eg, forced-based interventions) non-psychosocial approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is NCT02133976. PERSPECTIVE: This article examines potential predictors/moderators of response to psychosocial treatments for chronic pain. Results could guide efforts to match people to the most effective treatment type or kind.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.003}, Key = {fds376088} } @article{fds375488, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Garrett, ME and Caspi, A and Dennis, M and Hall, KS and Moffitt, TE and Taylor, GA and VA Mid Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, and Ashley-Koch, AE and Beckham, JC and Kimbrel, NA}, Title = {Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma, and accelerated biological aging among post-9/11 veterans.}, Journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, Volume = {14}, Number = {1}, Pages = {4}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02704-y}, Abstract = {People who experience trauma and develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for poor health. One mechanism that could explain this risk is accelerated biological aging, which is associated with the accumulation of chronic diseases, disability, and premature mortality. Using data from 2309 post-9/11 United States military veterans who participated in the VISN 6 MIRECC's Post-Deployment Mental Health Study, we tested whether PTSD and trauma exposure were associated with accelerated rate of biological aging, assessed using a validated DNA methylation (DNAm) measure of epigenetic aging-DunedinPACE. Veterans with current PTSD were aging faster than those who did not have current PTSD, β = 0.18, 95% CI [0.11, 0.27], p < .001. This effect represented an additional 0.4 months of biological aging each year. Veterans were also aging faster if they reported more PTSD symptoms, β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.09, 0.16], p < 0.001, or higher levels of trauma exposure, β = 0.09, 95% CI [0.05, 0.13], p < 0.001. Notably, veterans with past PTSD were aging more slowly than those with current PTSD, β = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.07], p = .003. All reported results accounted for age, gender, self-reported race/ethnicity, and education, and remained when controlling for smoking. Our findings suggest that an accelerated rate of biological aging could help explain how PTSD contributes to poor health and highlights the potential benefits of providing efficacious treatment to populations at increased risk of trauma and PTSD.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41398-023-02704-y}, Key = {fds375488} } @article{fds375234, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Garrett, ME and Caspi, A and Dennis, M and Hall, KS and Moffitt, TE and Taylor, GA and VA Mid Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, and Ashley-Koch, AE and Beckham, JC and Kimbrel, NA}, Title = {Posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma, and accelerated biological aging among post-9/11 veterans.}, Journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, Volume = {14}, Number = {1}, Pages = {4}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02704-y}, Abstract = {People who experience trauma and develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for poor health. One mechanism that could explain this risk is accelerated biological aging, which is associated with the accumulation of chronic diseases, disability, and premature mortality. Using data from 2309 post-9/11 United States military veterans who participated in the VISN 6 MIRECC's Post-Deployment Mental Health Study, we tested whether PTSD and trauma exposure were associated with accelerated rate of biological aging, assessed using a validated DNA methylation (DNAm) measure of epigenetic aging-DunedinPACE. Veterans with current PTSD were aging faster than those who did not have current PTSD, β = 0.18, 95% CI [0.11, 0.27], p < .001. This effect represented an additional 0.4 months of biological aging each year. Veterans were also aging faster if they reported more PTSD symptoms, β = 0.13, 95% CI [0.09, 0.16], p < 0.001, or higher levels of trauma exposure, β = 0.09, 95% CI [0.05, 0.13], p < 0.001. Notably, veterans with past PTSD were aging more slowly than those with current PTSD, β = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.07], p = .003. All reported results accounted for age, gender, self-reported race/ethnicity, and education, and remained when controlling for smoking. Our findings suggest that an accelerated rate of biological aging could help explain how PTSD contributes to poor health and highlights the potential benefits of providing efficacious treatment to populations at increased risk of trauma and PTSD.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41398-023-02704-y}, Key = {fds375234} } @article{fds375232, Author = {Huang, S and Howard, CM and Hovhannisyan, M and Ritchey, M and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW}, Title = {Hippocampal Functions Modulate Transfer-Appropriate Cortical Representations Supporting Subsequent Memory.}, Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, Volume = {44}, Number = {1}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1135-23.2023}, Abstract = {The hippocampus plays a central role as a coordinate system or index of information stored in neocortical loci. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical information to facilitate successful memory encoding. Thus, the goal of the current study was to identify specific hippocampal-cortical interactions that support object encoding. We collected fMRI data while 19 human participants (7 female and 12 male) encoded images of real-world objects and tested their memory for object concepts and image exemplars (i.e., conceptual and perceptual memory). Representational similarity analysis revealed robust representations of visual and semantic information in canonical visual (e.g., occipital cortex) and semantic (e.g., angular gyrus) regions in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Critically, hippocampal functions modulated the mnemonic impact of cortical representations that are most pertinent to future memory demands, or transfer-appropriate representations Subsequent perceptual memory was best predicted by the strength of visual representations in ventromedial occipital cortex in coordination with hippocampal activity and pattern information during encoding. In parallel, subsequent conceptual memory was best predicted by the strength of semantic representations in left inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus in coordination with either hippocampal activity or semantic representational strength during encoding. We found no evidence for transfer-incongruent hippocampal-cortical interactions supporting subsequent memory (i.e., no hippocampal interactions with cortical visual/semantic representations supported conceptual/perceptual memory). Collectively, these results suggest that diverse hippocampal functions flexibly modulate cortical representations of object properties to satisfy distinct future memory demands.Significance Statement The hippocampus is theorized to index pieces of information stored throughout the cortex to support episodic memory. Yet how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical representation of stimulus information remains unclear. Using fMRI, we examined various forms of hippocampal-cortical interactions during object encoding in relation to subsequent performance on conceptual and perceptual memory tests. Our results revealed novel hippocampal-cortical interactions that utilize semantic and visual representations in transfer-appropriate manners: conceptual memory supported by hippocampal modulation of frontoparietal semantic representations, and perceptual memory supported by hippocampal modulation of occipital visual representations. These findings provide important insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of information-rich episodic memory and underscore the value of studying the flexible interplay between brain regions for complex cognition.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1135-23.2023}, Key = {fds375232} } @article{fds376111, Author = {Cerda-Smith, J and Yust, PKS and Weeks, MS and Asher, SR and Mulvey, KL}, Title = {A Novel Approach for Evaluating a Schoolwide Antiracist Curriculum Intervention}, Journal = {Aera Open}, Volume = {10}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584231223476}, Abstract = {This manuscript describes our effort to apply a novel approach to understanding student outcomes associated with a schoolwide antiracist intervention. We report a multimethod quantitative approach to evaluate a 10-week antiracist intervention designed and implemented by school staff by examining patterns of student intervention engagement and measures of key constructs that connect to antiracism, psychological well-being, and school connectedness. Our novel approach combines schoolwide surveys with smaller samples of daily diary participants, documenting variation in intervention engagement and examining postintervention outcomes. Our findings are limited by high attrition rates, small sample size, and data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, our methods offer a promising transferable approach to evaluate school-based antiracist interventions by examining patterns and predictors of intervention engagement, as well as daily fluctuations in student experience throughout the intervention period.}, Doi = {10.1177/23328584231223476}, Key = {fds376111} } @article{fds374240, Author = {Natarajan, S and Abass, G and Kim, L and Wells, C and Rezvani, AH and Levin, ED}, Title = {Acute and chronic glutamate NMDA antagonist treatment attenuates dopamine D1 antagonist-induced reduction of nicotine self-administration in female rats.}, Journal = {Pharmacol Biochem Behav}, Volume = {234}, Pages = {173678}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173678}, Abstract = {Multiple interacting neural systems are involved in sustaining nicotine reinforcement. We and others have shown that dopamine D1 receptors and glutamate NMDA receptors both play important roles in nicotine reinforcement. Blockade of D1 receptors with the antagonist SCH-23390 (0.02 mg/kg) both acutely and chronically significantly decreased nicotine self-administration in rats. Blockade of NMDA receptors (10 mg/kg) acutely with memantine significantly increased nicotine self-administration, but chronic blockade of NMDA receptors with memantine significantly decreased nicotine self-administration. The current study examined the interactions of acute and chronic administration of SCH-23390 and memantine on nicotine self-administration in female rats. Replicating earlier studies, acute and chronic SCH-23390 significantly decreased nicotine self-administration and memantine had a biphasic effect with acute administration increasing nicotine self-administration and chronic memantine showed a non-significant trend toward decreasing it. However, chronic interaction study showed that memantine significantly attenuated the decrease in nicotine self-administration caused by chronic SCH-23390. These studies provide important information that memantine attenuates the efficacy of D1 antagonist SCH 23390 in reducing nicotine-self-administration. These two drugs do not appear to have mutually potentiating effects to aid tobacco cessation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173678}, Key = {fds374240} } @article{fds375374, Author = {Rothenberg, WA and Skinner, AT and Lansford, JE and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Junla, D and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Sorbring, E and Steinberg, L and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM}, Title = {How adolescents' lives were disrupted over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in 12 cultural groups in 9 nations from March 2020 to July 2022.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Pages = {1-17}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579423001621}, Abstract = {It is unclear how much adolescents' lives were disrupted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic or what risk factors predicted such disruption. To answer these questions, 1,080 adolescents in 9 nations were surveyed 5 times from March 2020 to July 2022. Rates of adolescent COVID-19 life disruption were stable and high. Adolescents who, compared to their peers, lived in nations with higher national COVID-19 death rates, lived in nations with less stringent COVID-19 mitigation strategies, had less confidence in their government's response to COVID-19, complied at higher rates with COVID-19 control measures, experienced the death of someone they knew due to COVID-19, or experienced more internalizing, externalizing, and smoking problems reported more life disruption due to COVID-19 during part or all of the pandemic. Additionally, when, compared to their typical levels of functioning, adolescents experienced spikes in national death rates, experienced less stringent COVID-19 mitigation measures, experienced less confidence in government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, complied at higher rates with COVID-19 control measures, experienced more internalizing problems, or smoked more at various periods during the pandemic, they also experienced more COVID-19 life disruption. Collectively, these findings provide new insights that policymakers can use to prevent the disruption of adolescents' lives in future pandemics.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579423001621}, Key = {fds375374} } @article{fds376112, Author = {Quinn, JM and Freeland, RE and Maloney, EK and Rogers, KB and Smith-Lovin, L}, Title = {Meaning Change in U.S. Occupational Identities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Was It Temporary or Durable?}, Journal = {Social Psychology Quarterly}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01902725241228529}, Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic altered social and economic life in the United States, displacing many people from their typical relationship to the institution of work. Our research uses affect control theory’s measurement structure to examine how cultural meanings for occupational identities shifted during the pandemic on the dimensions of evaluation (good-bad), potency (powerful-powerless), and activity (lively-inactive). Quinn et al. found that most occupations were seen as less good and powerful in the early stages of the pandemic than they were shortly before it began, with greater evaluation loss for nonessential occupations and greater potency loss for occupations classified as essential by state executive orders. We add a third wave to these data to reassess meanings after the pandemic eased and vaccines were developed. We use linear mixed modeling to estimate meaning changes across all three waves and to explore whether these changes differed for essential versus nonessential occupations. We find that evaluation and potency ratings of occupations rebounded over the longer term—a pattern that fits a control model of stable cultural meaning. Our results contribute to discussions in cultural sociology about beliefs and their stability.}, Doi = {10.1177/01902725241228529}, Key = {fds376112} } @article{fds372549, Author = {LaRowe, LR and Miaskowski, C and Miller, A and Mayfield, A and Keefe, FJ and Smith, AK and Cooper, BA and Wei, L-J and Ritchie, CS}, Title = {Chronic Pain and Pain Management in Older Adults: Protocol and Pilot Results.}, Journal = {Nurs Res}, Volume = {73}, Number = {1}, Pages = {81-88}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000683}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic pain occurs in 30% of older adults. This prevalence rate is expected to increase, given the growth in the older adult population and the associated growth of chronic conditions contributing to pain. No population-based studies have provided detailed, longitudinal information on the experience of chronic pain in older adults; the pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies that older adults use to manage their chronic pain; and the effect of chronic pain on patient-reported outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to describe the protocol for a population-based, longitudinal study focused on understanding the experience of chronic pain in older adults. The objectives are to determine the prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain; identify the pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain treatments used; evaluate for longitudinal differences in biopsychosocial factors; and examine how pain types and pain trajectories affect important patient-reported outcomes. Also included are the results of a pilot study. METHODS: A population-based sample of approximately 1,888 older adults will be recruited from the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago's AmeriSpeak Panel to complete surveys at three waves: enrollment (Wave 1), 6 months (Wave 2), and 12 months (Wave 3). To determine the feasibility, a pilot test of the enrollment survey was conducted among 123 older adults. RESULTS: In the pilot study, older adults with chronic pain reported a range of pain conditions, with osteoarthritis being the most common. Participants reported an array of pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain strategies. Compared to participants without chronic pain, those with chronic pain reported lower physical and cognitive function and poorer quality of life. Data collection for the primary, longitudinal study is ongoing. DISCUSSION: This project will be the first longitudinal population-based study to examine the experience and overall effect of chronic pain in older adults. Pilot study results provide evidence of the feasibility of study methods. Ultimately, this work will inform the development of tailored interventions for older patients targeted to decrease pain and improve function and quality of life.}, Doi = {10.1097/NNR.0000000000000683}, Key = {fds372549} } @article{fds372966, Author = {Kenney, MO and Wilson, S and Shah, N and Bortsov, A and Smith, WR and Little, J and Lanzkron, S and Kanter, J and Padrino, S and Owusu-Ansah, A and Cohen, A and Desai, P and Manwani, D and Rehman, SSU and Hagar, W and Keefe, F}, Title = {Biopsychosocial Factors Associated With Pain and Pain-Related Outcomes in Adults and Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Multivariable Analysis of the GRNDaD Multicenter Registry.}, Journal = {J Pain}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {153-164}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.029}, Abstract = {Pain is the primary symptomatic manifestation of sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited hemoglobinopathy. The characteristics that influence pain experiences and outcomes in SCD are not fully understood. The primary objective of this study was to use multivariable modeling to examine associations of biopsychosocial variables with a disease-specific measure of pain interference known as pain impact. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Global Research Network for Data and Discovery national SCD registry. A total of 657 children and adults with SCD were included in the analysis. This sample was 60% female with a median age of 34 (interquartile range 26-42 years) and a chronic pain prevalence of 64%. The model accounted for 58% of the variance in pain impact. Low social (P < .001) and emotional (P < .001) functioning, increasing age (P = .004), low income (P < .001), and high acute painful episodes (P = .007) were most strongly associated with high pain impact in our multivariable model. Additionally, multivariable modeling of pain severity and physical function in 2 comparable samples of registry participants revealed that increasing age and low social functioning were also strongly associated with higher pain severity and low physical functioning. Overall, the results suggest that social and emotional functioning are more strongly associated with pain impact in individuals with SCD than previously studied biological modifiers such as SCD genotype, hemoglobin, and percentage fetal hemoglobin. Future research using longitudinally collected data is needed to confirm these findings. PERSPECTIVE: This study reveals that psychosocial (ie, social and emotional functioning) and demographic (ie, age) variables may play an important role in predicting pain and pain-related outcomes in SCD. Our findings can inform future multicenter prospective longitudinal studies aimed at identifying modifiable psychosocial predictors of adverse pain outcomes in SCD.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.029}, Key = {fds372966} } @article{fds375365, Author = {Dember, LM and Hsu, JY and Bernardo, L and Cavanaugh, KL and Charytan, DM and Crowley, ST and Cukor, D and Doorenbos, AZ and Edwards, DA and Esserman, D and Fischer, MJ and Jhamb, M and Joffe, S and Johansen, KL and Kalim, S and Keefe, FJ and Kimmel, PL and Krebs, EE and Kuzla, N and Mehrotra, R and Mishra, P and Pellegrino, B and Steel, JL and Unruh, ML and White, DM and Yabes, JG and Becker, WC and HOPE Consortium}, Title = {The design and baseline characteristics for the HOPE Consortium Trial to reduce pain and opioid use in hemodialysis.}, Journal = {Contemp Clin Trials}, Volume = {136}, Pages = {107409}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2023.107409}, Abstract = {The HOPE Consortium Trial to Reduce Pain and Opioid Use in Hemodialysis (HOPE Trial) is a multicenter randomized trial addressing chronic pain among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. The trial uses a sequential, multiple assignment design with a randomized component for all participants (Phase 1) and a non-randomized component for a subset of participants (Phase 2). During Phase 1, participants are randomized to Pain Coping Skills Training (PCST), an intervention designed to increase self-efficacy for managing pain, or Usual Care. PCST consists of weekly, live, coach-led cognitive behavioral therapy sessions delivered by video- or tele-conferencing for 12 weeks followed by daily interactive voice response sessions delivered by telephone for an additional 12 weeks. At 24 weeks (Phase 2), participants in both the PCST and Usual Care groups taking prescription opioid medications at an average dose of ≥20 morphine milligram equivalents per day are offered buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist with a more favorable safety profile than full-agonist opioids. All participants are followed for 36 weeks. The primary outcome is pain interference ascertained, for the primary analysis, at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include additional patient-reported measures and clinical outcomes including falls, hospitalizations, and death. Exploratory outcomes include acceptability, tolerability, and efficacy of buprenorphine. The enrollment target of 640 participants was met 27 months after trial initiation. The findings of the trial will inform the management of chronic pain, a common and challenging issue for patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis. NCT04571619.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2023.107409}, Key = {fds375365} } @article{fds371021, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Smith, PJ and Mabe, S and Hinderliter, A and Craighead, L and Watkins, LL and Ingle, K and Tyson, CC and Lin, P-H and Kraus, WE and Liao, L and Sherwood, A}, Title = {Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Psychosocial Function in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: SECONDARY OUTCOMES FROM THE TRIUMPH RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.}, Journal = {J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev}, Volume = {44}, Number = {1}, Pages = {64-70}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000801}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: In a secondary analysis of the TRIUMPH clinical trial, psychological outcomes in patients with resistant hypertension (RH) receiving a diet and exercise intervention delivered in a cardiac rehabilitation setting were compared with those receiving a similar prescription of diet and exercise provided in a single counseling session by a health educator. METHODS: One hundred forty patients with RH were randomly assigned to a 4-mo program of dietary counseling, behavioral weight management, and exercise (C-LIFE) or a single counseling session providing standardized education and physician advice (SEPA). Participants completed a battery of questionnaires to assess psychological functioning before and after the intervention. A global measure of psychological functioning was derived from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger scale. RESULTS: Participants in the C-LIFE intervention achieved greater improvements in psychological functioning compared with SEPA (C-LIFE: 58.9 [56.1, 61.8] vs SEPA: 66.5 [62.1, 70.9]; P = .024). Greater improvements were especially evident for the GHQ, PSS, and HADS. Examination of mediation revealed that greater weight loss ( B =-0.17, P = .004) and improved oxygen uptake ( B =-0.12, P = .044) were associated with improved psychological functioning. CONCLUSION: Compared with standard education and physician advice, a structured program of diet and exercise not only reduced blood pressure but also improved psychological functioning in patients with RH.}, Doi = {10.1097/HCR.0000000000000801}, Key = {fds371021} } @article{fds370913, Author = {Morain, SR and Bollinger, J and Weinfurt, K and Sugarman, J}, Title = {Stakeholder perspectives on data sharing from pragmatic clinical trials: Unanticipated challenges for meeting emerging requirements}, Journal = {Learning Health Systems}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10366}, Abstract = {Introduction: Numerous arguments have been advanced for broadly sharing de-identified, participant-level clinical trial data. However, data sharing in pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) presents ethical challenges. While prior scholarship has described aspects of PCTs that raise distinct considerations for data sharing, there have been no reports of the experiences of those at the leading edge of data-sharing efforts for PCTs, including how these particular challenges have been navigated. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with key stakeholders, with a focus on the ethical issues presented by sharing data from PCTs. Methods: We recruited respondents using purposive sampling to reflect the range of stakeholder groups affected by efforts to expand PCT data sharing. Through semi-structured interviews, we explored respondents' experiences and perceptions about sharing de-identified, individual-level data from PCTs. An integrated approach was used to identify and describe key themes. Results: We conducted 40 interviews between April and September 2022. Five overarching themes emerged through analysis: (1) challenges in sharing data collected under a waiver or alteration of consent; (2) conflicting views regarding PCT patient-subject preferences for data sharing; (3) identification of respect-promoting practices beyond consent; (4) concerns about elevated risks or burdens from sharing PCT data; and (5) diverse views about the likely benefits resulting from sharing PCT data. Conclusion: Our data indicate unresolved tensions in how to fulfill the expectation to broadly share de-identified, individual-level data from PCTs, and suggest that those promulgating and implementing data-sharing policies must be sensitive to PCT-specific considerations. Future work could inform efforts to tailor data-sharing policy and practice to reflect the challenges presented by PCTs, including sharing experiences from trials that have successfully navigated these tensions.}, Doi = {10.1002/lrh2.10366}, Key = {fds370913} } @article{fds376115, Author = {Wu, F and Samper, A and Morales, AC and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {When do photos on products hurt or help consumption? How magical thinking shapes consumer reactions to photo-integrated products}, Journal = {Journal of Consumer Psychology}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1415}, Abstract = {Consumers and companies frequently integrate products with lifelike photographs of people, animals, and other entities. However, consumer responses to such products are relatively unknown. Drawing on magical thinking and moral psychology, we propose that, due to a photograph's lifelike resemblance to its referent, consumers believe that photo-integrated products embody the depicted entity's underlying essence. As such, in cases where consumption compromises the product's integrity (e.g., food, disposable goods), people are less likely to consume photo-integrated products because doing so is perceived as destroying the depicted entity's essence, which elicits moral discomfort. In contrast, when the photographic image remains intact through consumption, as is the case with durable goods (e.g., magnets), people increase consumption of photo-integrated products relative to products without photo integration, consistent with their popularity in the marketplace. We highlight two strategies to promote more positive outcomes for managers and consumers alike: (1) choose images of entities whose essence destruction is perceived as less immoral, and (2) increase the durability of the product so the depicted entity's essence is preserved through consumption.}, Doi = {10.1002/jcpy.1415}, Key = {fds376115} } @article{fds370883, Author = {Caspi, A and Houts, RM and Fisher, HL and Danese, A and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {The general factor of psychopathology (p): Choosing among competing models and interpreting p.}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {53-82}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21677026221147872}, Abstract = {Over the past 10 years, the general factor of psychopathology, p, has attracted interest and scrutiny. We review the history of the idea that all mental disorders share something in common, p; how we arrived at this idea; and how it became conflated with a statistical representation, the Bi-Factor Model. We then leverage the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) longitudinal twin study to examine the properties and nomological network of different statistical representations of p. We find that p performed similarly regardless of how it was modelled, suggesting that if the sample and content are the same the resulting p factor will be similar. We suggest that the meaning of p is not to be found by dueling over statistical models but by conducting well-specified criterion-validation studies and developing new measurement approaches. We outline new directions to refresh research efforts to uncover what all mental disorders have in common.}, Doi = {10.1177/21677026221147872}, Key = {fds370883} } @article{fds374321, Author = {Matthews, T and Rasmussen, LJH and Ambler, A and Danese, A and Eugen-Olsen, J and Fancourt, D and Fisher, HL and Iversen, KK and Schultz, M and Sugden, K and Williams, B and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Social isolation, loneliness, and inflammation: A multi-cohort investigation in early and mid-adulthood.}, Journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, Volume = {115}, Pages = {727-736}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.022}, Abstract = {Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with poor health and increased risk for mortality, and inflammation might explain this link. We used data from the Danish TRIAGE Study of acutely admitted medical patients (N = 6,144, mean age 60 years), and from two population-representative birth cohorts: the New Zealand Dunedin Longitudinal Study (N = 881, age 45) and the UK Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 1448, age 18), to investigate associations of social isolation with three markers of systemic inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and a newer inflammation marker, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), which is thought to index systemic chronic inflammation. In the TRIAGE Study, socially isolated patients (those living alone) had significantly higher median levels of suPAR (but not CRP or IL-6) compared with patients not living by themselves. Social isolation prospectively measured in childhood was longitudinally associated with higher CRP, IL-6, and suPAR levels in adulthood (at age 45 in the Dunedin Study and age 18 in the E-Risk Study), but only suPAR remained associated after controlling for covariates. Dunedin Study participants who reported loneliness at age 38 or age 45 had elevated suPAR at age 45. In contrast, E-Risk Study participants reporting loneliness at age 18 did not show any elevated markers of inflammation. In conclusion, social isolation was robustly associated with increased inflammation in adulthood, both in medical patients and in the general population. It was associated in particular with systemic chronic inflammation, evident from the consistently stronger associations with suPAR than other inflammation biomarkers.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.022}, Key = {fds374321} } @article{fds375489, Author = {Brennan, GM and Moffitt, TE and Bourassa, KJ and Harrington, HL and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A}, Title = {The Continuity of Adversity: Negative Emotionality Links Early Life Adversity With Adult Stressful Life Events}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21677026231220337}, Abstract = {Adversity that exhibits continuity across the life course has long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Using 920 participants from the Dunedin Study, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) Children (ages 3–15) who experienced adversity would also tend to experience adversity in adulthood (ages 32–45), and (2) interim personality traits in young adulthood (ages 18–26) would help account for this longitudinal association. Children who experienced more adversity tended to also experience more stressful life events as adults, β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.04, 0.18], p =.002. Negative emotionality—particularly its subfacet alienation, characterized by mistrust of others—helped explain this childhood-to-midlife association (indirect effect: β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.09], p <.001). Results were robust to adjustment for sex, socioeconomic origins, childhood IQ, preschool temperament, and other young-adult personality traits. Prevention of early life adversity and treatment of young-adult negative emotionality may reduce vulnerability to later life stress and thereby promote the health of aging adults.}, Doi = {10.1177/21677026231220337}, Key = {fds375489} } @article{fds370625, Author = {Caspi, A and Houts, RM and Fisher, HL and Danese, A and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {The general factor of psychopathology (p): Choosing among competing models and interpreting p.}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {53-82}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21677026221147872}, Abstract = {Over the past 10 years, the general factor of psychopathology, p, has attracted interest and scrutiny. We review the history of the idea that all mental disorders share something in common, p; how we arrived at this idea; and how it became conflated with a statistical representation, the Bi-Factor Model. We then leverage the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) longitudinal twin study to examine the properties and nomological network of different statistical representations of p. We find that p performed similarly regardless of how it was modelled, suggesting that if the sample and content are the same the resulting p factor will be similar. We suggest that the meaning of p is not to be found by dueling over statistical models but by conducting well-specified criterion-validation studies and developing new measurement approaches. We outline new directions to refresh research efforts to uncover what all mental disorders have in common.}, Doi = {10.1177/21677026221147872}, Key = {fds370625} } @article{fds375233, Author = {Brennan, GM and Moffitt, TE and Bourassa, KJ and Harrington, HL and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A}, Title = {The Continuity of Adversity: Negative Emotionality Links Early Life Adversity With Adult Stressful Life Events}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21677026231220337}, Abstract = {Adversity that exhibits continuity across the life course has long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Using 920 participants from the Dunedin Study, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) Children (ages 3–15) who experienced adversity would also tend to experience adversity in adulthood (ages 32–45), and (2) interim personality traits in young adulthood (ages 18–26) would help account for this longitudinal association. Children who experienced more adversity tended to also experience more stressful life events as adults, β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.04, 0.18], p =.002. Negative emotionality—particularly its subfacet alienation, characterized by mistrust of others—helped explain this childhood-to-midlife association (indirect effect: β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.09], p <.001). Results were robust to adjustment for sex, socioeconomic origins, childhood IQ, preschool temperament, and other young-adult personality traits. Prevention of early life adversity and treatment of young-adult negative emotionality may reduce vulnerability to later life stress and thereby promote the health of aging adults.}, Doi = {10.1177/21677026231220337}, Key = {fds375233} } @article{fds374234, Author = {Bordt, EA and Moya, HA and Jo, YC and Ravichandran, CT and Bankowski, IM and Ceasrine, AM and McDougle, CJ and Carlezon, WA and Bilbo, SD}, Title = {Gonadal hormones impart male-biased behavioral vulnerabilities to immune activation via microglial mitochondrial function.}, Journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, Volume = {115}, Pages = {680-695}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.010}, Abstract = {There is a strong male bias in the prevalence of many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this sex bias remain elusive. Infection during the perinatal period is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder development. Here, we used a mouse model of early-life immune activation that reliably induces deficits in social behaviors only in males. We demonstrate that male-biased alterations in social behavior are dependent upon microglial immune signaling and are coupled to alterations in mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically within microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain. Additionally, we show that this behavioral and microglial mitochondrial vulnerability to early-life immune activation is programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings demonstrate that social behavior in males over the lifespan are regulated by microglia-specific mechanisms that are shaped by events that occur in early development.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.010}, Key = {fds374234} } @article{fds375504, Author = {Earp, BD and Porsdam Mann and S and Allen, J and Salloch, S and Suren, V and Jongsma, K and Braun, M and Wilkinson, D and Sinnott-Armstrong, W and Rid, A and Wendler, D and Savulescu, J}, Title = {A Personalized Patient Preference Predictor for Substituted Judgments in Healthcare: Technically Feasible and Ethically Desirable.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Bioethics : Ajob}, Pages = {1-14}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2023.2296402}, Abstract = {When making substituted judgments for incapacitated patients, surrogates often struggle to guess what the patient would want if they had capacity. Surrogates may also agonize over having the (sole) responsibility of making such a determination. To address such concerns, a Patient Preference Predictor (PPP) has been proposed that would use an algorithm to infer the treatment preferences of individual patients from population-level data about the known preferences of people with similar demographic characteristics. However, critics have suggested that even if such a PPP were more accurate, on average, than human surrogates in identifying patient preferences, the proposed algorithm would nevertheless fail to respect the patient's (former) autonomy since it draws on the 'wrong' kind of data: namely, data that are not specific to the individual patient and which therefore may not reflect their actual values, or their reasons for having the preferences they do. Taking such criticisms on board, we here propose a new approach: the <i>Personalized</i> Patient Preference Predictor (P4). The P4 is based on recent advances in machine learning, which allow technologies including large language models to be more cheaply and efficiently 'fine-tuned' on person-specific data. The P4, unlike the PPP, would be able to infer an individual patient's preferences from material (e.g., prior treatment decisions) that is in fact specific to them. Thus, we argue, in addition to being potentially more accurate at the individual level than the previously proposed PPP, the predictions of a P4 would also more directly reflect each patient's own reasons and values. In this article, we review recent discoveries in artificial intelligence research that suggest a P4 is technically feasible, and argue that, if it is developed and appropriately deployed, it should assuage some of the main autonomy-based concerns of critics of the original PPP. We then consider various objections to our proposal and offer some tentative replies.}, Doi = {10.1080/15265161.2023.2296402}, Key = {fds375504} } @article{fds371882, Author = {Deng, Z-D and Robins, PL and Regenold, W and Rohde, P and Dannhauer, M and Lisanby, SH}, Title = {How electroconvulsive therapy works in the treatment of depression: is it the seizure, the electricity, or both?}, Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {150-162}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-023-01677-2}, Abstract = {We have known for nearly a century that triggering seizures can treat serious mental illness, but what we do not know is why. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) works faster and better than conventional pharmacological interventions; however, those benefits come with a burden of side effects, most notably memory loss. Disentangling the mechanisms by which ECT exerts rapid therapeutic benefit from the mechanisms driving adverse effects could enable the development of the next generation of seizure therapies that lack the downside of ECT. The latest research suggests that this goal may be attainable because modifications of ECT technique have already yielded improvements in cognitive outcomes without sacrificing efficacy. These modifications involve changes in how the electricity is administered (both where in the brain, and how much), which in turn impacts the characteristics of the resulting seizure. What we do not completely understand is whether it is the changes in the applied electricity, or in the resulting seizure, or both, that are responsible for improved safety. Answering this question may be key to developing the next generation of seizure therapies that lack these adverse side effects, and ushering in novel interventions that are better, faster, and safer than ECT.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41386-023-01677-2}, Key = {fds371882} } @article{fds373975, Author = {Krasich, K and O'Neill, K and Murray, S and Brockmole, JR and De Brigard, F and Nuthmann, A}, Title = {A computational modeling approach to investigating mind wandering-related adjustments to gaze behavior during scene viewing.}, Journal = {Cognition}, Volume = {242}, Pages = {105624}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105624}, Abstract = {Research on gaze control has long shown that increased visual-cognitive processing demands in scene viewing are associated with longer fixation durations. More recently, though, longer durations have also been linked to mind wandering, a perceptually decoupled state of attention marked by decreased visual-cognitive processing. Toward better understanding the relationship between fixation durations and visual-cognitive processing, we ran simulations using an established random-walk model for saccade timing and programming and assessed which model parameters best predicted modulations in fixation durations associated with mind wandering compared to attentive viewing. Mind wandering-related fixation durations were best described as an increase in the variability of the fixation-generating process, leading to more variable-sometimes very long-durations. In contrast, past research showed that increased processing demands increased the mean duration of the fixation-generating process. The findings thus illustrate that mind wandering and processing demands modulate fixation durations through different mechanisms in scene viewing. This suggests that processing demands cannot be inferred from changes in fixation durations without understanding the underlying mechanism by which these changes were generated.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105624}, Key = {fds373975} } @article{fds373542, Author = {Miceli, K and Morales-Torres, R and Khoudary, A and Faul, L and Parikh, N and De Brigard and F}, Title = {Perceived plausibility modulates hippocampal activity in episodic counterfactual thinking.}, Journal = {Hippocampus}, Volume = {34}, Number = {1}, Pages = {2-6}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.23583}, Abstract = {Episodic counterfactual thinking (ECT) consists of imagining alternative outcomes to past personal events. Previous research has shown that ECT shares common neural substrates with episodic future thinking (EFT): our ability to imagine possible future events. Both ECT and EFT have been shown to critically depend on the hippocampus, and past research has explored hippocampal engagement as a function of the perceived plausibility of an imagined future event. However, the extent to which the hippocampus is modulated by perceived plausibility during ECT is unknown. In this study, we combine two functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets to investigate whether perceived plausibility modulates hippocampal activity during ECT. Our results indicate that plausibility parametrically modulates hippocampal activity during ECT, and that such modulation is confined to the left anterior portion of the hippocampus. Moreover, our results indicate that this modulation is positive, such that increased activity in the left anterior hippocampus is associated with higher ratings of ECT plausibility. We suggest that neither effort nor difficulty alone can account for these results, and instead suggest possible alternatives to explain the role of the hippocampus during the construction of plausible and implausible ECT.}, Doi = {10.1002/hipo.23583}, Key = {fds373542} } @article{fds375505, Author = {Campbell, E and Casillas, R and Bergelson, E}, Title = {The role of vision in the acquisition of words: Vocabulary development in blind toddlers.}, Journal = {Developmental Science}, Pages = {e13475}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13475}, Abstract = {What is vision's role in driving early word production? To answer this, we assessed parent-report vocabulary questionnaires administered to congenitally blind children (N = 40, Mean age = 24 months [R: 7-57 months]) and compared the size and contents of their productive vocabulary to those of a large normative sample of sighted children (N = 6574). We found that on average, blind children showed a roughly half-year vocabulary delay relative to sighted children, amid considerable variability. However, the content of blind and sighted children's vocabulary was statistically indistinguishable in word length, part of speech, semantic category, concreteness, interactiveness, and perceptual modality. At a finer-grained level, we also found that words' perceptual properties intersect with children's perceptual abilities. Our findings suggest that while an absence of visual input may initially make vocabulary development more difficult, the content of the early productive vocabulary is largely resilient to differences in perceptual access. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Infants and toddlers born blind (with no other diagnoses) show a 7.5 month productive vocabulary delay on average, with wide variability. Across the studied age range (7-57 months), vocabulary delays widened with age. Blind and sighted children's early vocabularies contain similar distributions of word lengths, parts of speech, semantic categories, and perceptual modalities. Blind children (but not sighted children) were more likely to say visual words which could also be experienced through other senses.}, Doi = {10.1111/desc.13475}, Key = {fds375505} } @article{fds374171, Author = {Katz, T and Kushnir, T and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Children are eager to take credit for prosocial acts, and cost affects this tendency.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, Volume = {237}, Pages = {105764}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764}, Abstract = {We report two experiments on children's tendency to enhance their reputations through communicative acts. In the experiments, 4-year-olds (N = 120) had the opportunity to inform a social partner that they had helped him in his absence. In a first experiment, we pitted a prosocial act ("Let's help clean up for Doggie!") against an instrumental act ("Let's move these out of our way"). Children in the prosocial condition were quicker to inform their partner of the act and more likely to protest when another individual was given credit for it. In a second experiment, we replicated the prosocial condition but with a new manipulation: high-cost versus low-cost helping. We manipulated both the language surrounding cost (i.e., "This will be pretty tough to clean up" vs. "It will be really easy to clean this up") and how difficult the task itself was. As predicted, children in the high-cost condition were quicker to inform their partner of the act and more likely to take back credit for it. These results suggest that even 4-year-old children make active attempts to elicit positive reputational judgments for their prosocial acts, with cost as a moderating factor.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764}, Key = {fds374171} } @article{fds355828, Author = {Tsai, A and Straka, B and Gaither, S}, Title = {Mixed-heritage individuals’ encounters with raciolinguistic ideologies}, Journal = {Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development}, Volume = {45}, Number = {2}, Pages = {507-521}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1904964}, Abstract = {Mixed-heritage individuals (MHIs) are known to face high levels of social exclusion. Here, we investigate how raciolinguistic ideologies related to one’s heritage language abilities add to these exclusionary experiences. The results from 293 MHIs reveal frequent experiences of marginalisation from members of each of their heritage communities because their racial appearance and language practices are perceived as deviant and outside imagined ‘monoracial’ norms. Specifically, over half of respondents described experiences of exclusion for not speaking their minority heritage languages with the same accent or manner or fluency associated with ‘monoracial’ native speakers of their heritage languages or dialects. Another subset described high pressure to speak ‘proper English’ in White dominant work environments. These results extend past MHI work by empirically documenting the ‘monoracial-only’, monoglossic, and ‘Standard English’ ideologies that contribute to the continued social exclusion of MHIs.}, Doi = {10.1080/01434632.2021.1904964}, Key = {fds355828} } @article{fds372974, Author = {Abiodun, SJ and Salerno, JM and McAllister, GA and Samanez-Larkin, GR and Seaman, KL}, Title = {Adult Age Differences in Evoked Emotional Responses to Dynamic Facial Expressions.}, Journal = {The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences}, Volume = {79}, Number = {1}, Pages = {gbad141}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbad141}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Facial expressions are powerful social signals that motivate feelings and actions in the observer. Research on face processing has overwhelmingly used static facial images, which have limited ecological validity. Previous research on the age-related positivity effect and age differences in social motivation suggest that older adults might experience different evoked emotional responses to facial expressions than younger adults. Here, we introduce a new method to explore age-related differences in evoked responses to dynamic facial expressions across adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>We used dynamic facial expressions which varied by expression type (happy, sad, and angry) and expression magnitude (low, medium, and full) to gather participant ratings on their evoked emotional response to these stimuli along the dimensions of valence (positive vs negative) and arousal.<h4>Results</h4>As predicted, older adults rated the emotions evoked by positive facial expressions (happy) more positively than younger adults. Furthermore, older adults rated the emotion evoked by negative facial expressions (angry and sad) more negatively than younger adults. Contrary to our predictions, older adults did not differ significantly in arousal to negative expressions compared with younger adults. Across all ages, individuals rated positive expressions as more arousing than negative expressions.<h4>Discussion</h4>The findings provide some evidence that older adults may be more sensitive to variations in dynamic facial expressions than younger adults, particularly in terms of their estimates of valence. These dynamic facial stimuli that vary in magnitude are promising for future studies of more naturalistic affect elicitation, studies of social incentive processing, and use in incentive-driven choice tasks.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbad141}, Key = {fds372974} } @article{fds376292, Author = {Petranker, R and Anderson, T and Fewster, EC and Aberman, Y and Hazan, M and Gaffrey, M and Seli, P}, Title = {Keeping the promise: a critique of the current state of microdosing research.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {1217102}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1217102}, Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>The practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelics, known as microdosing, has exploded in popularity over the last decade. Users claim benefits ranging from improved mood and enhanced creativity to an increased sense of meaning and connectedness in life. While research on microdosing is still lagging behind the shift in public opinion, several papers have been published in the last five years which attempted to assess the effects of microdosing.<h4>Methods</h4>This review paper aimed to critically analyze the research practices used in the recent wave of microdosing research: We reviewed 15 papers published before the closing date of this review in March 2022.<h4>Results</h4>Our review concludes that it is premature to draw any conclusions about the efficacy or safety of microdosing since the research quality cannot be considered confirmatory.<h4>Discussion</h4>We propose some potential causes for the current state of the literature and some suggestions for how these causes may be ameliorated.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1217102}, Key = {fds376292} } @article{fds376092, Author = {Landry, AP and Seli, P}, Title = {A family-resemblances framework for dehumanization research}, Journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology}, Volume = {6}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100185}, Abstract = {Dehumanization has figured prominently in intergroup discrimination and violence, which has inspired sustained social-psychological inquiry. Over two decades, researchers have brought an abundance of theories and methods to bear on the empirical study of dehumanization. Collectively, this work has painted an expansive portrait of the many ways we can overlook or deny the humanity of others. At the same time, these diverse conceptual and measurement approaches have progressed in relative isolation, which has created confusion about what, precisely, is meant by “dehumanization” and cast uncertainty on fundamental conclusions drawn from this research. To stimulate theoretical development and more-productive exchanges across the field, we offer a Family-Resemblances perspective on dehumanization research. Specifically, we conceptualize dehumanization as a multifaceted construct that encompasses a family of related processes with both overlapping and unique features. Thus, the diverse theoretical and methodological approaches to studying dehumanization are complementary means of capturing a fundamentally heterogeneous phenomenon. Further, we argue that this perspective can catalyze a more nuanced and precise understanding of dehumanization's many facets: by specifying the different varieties of dehumanization under investigation, the field can more precisely map them onto specific targets, causes, consequences, and intervention strategies.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100185}, Key = {fds376092} } @article{fds372785, Author = {Katz, T and Kushnir, T and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Children are eager to take credit for prosocial acts, and cost affects this tendency.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, Volume = {237}, Pages = {105764}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764}, Abstract = {We report two experiments on children's tendency to enhance their reputations through communicative acts. In the experiments, 4-year-olds (N = 120) had the opportunity to inform a social partner that they had helped him in his absence. In a first experiment, we pitted a prosocial act ("Let's help clean up for Doggie!") against an instrumental act ("Let's move these out of our way"). Children in the prosocial condition were quicker to inform their partner of the act and more likely to protest when another individual was given credit for it. In a second experiment, we replicated the prosocial condition but with a new manipulation: high-cost versus low-cost helping. We manipulated both the language surrounding cost (i.e., "This will be pretty tough to clean up" vs. "It will be really easy to clean this up") and how difficult the task itself was. As predicted, children in the high-cost condition were quicker to inform their partner of the act and more likely to take back credit for it. These results suggest that even 4-year-old children make active attempts to elicit positive reputational judgments for their prosocial acts, with cost as a moderating factor.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764}, Key = {fds372785} } @article{fds372415, Author = {Kitayama, S and Salvador, CE}, Title = {Cultural Psychology: Beyond East and West.}, Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology}, Volume = {75}, Pages = {495-526}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333}, Abstract = {Research in cultural psychology over the last three decades has revealed the profound influence of culture on cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes shaping individuals into active agents. This article aims to show cultural psychology's promise in three key steps. First, we review four notable cultural dimensions believed to underlie cultural variations: independent versus interdependent self, individualism versus collectivism, tightness versus looseness of social norms, and relational mobility. Second, we examine how ecology and geography shape human activities and give rise to organized systems of cultural practices and meanings, called eco-cultural complexes. In turn, the eco-cultural complex of each zone is instrumental in shaping a wide range of psychological processes, revealing a psychological diversity that extends beyond the scope of the current East-West literature. Finally, we examine some of the non-Western cultural zones present today, including Arab, East Asian, Latin American, and South Asian zones, and discuss how they may have contributed, to varying degrees, to the formation of the contemporary Western cultural zone.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333}, Key = {fds372415} } @article{fds376052, Author = {Vore, AS and Marsland, P and Barney, TM and Varlinskaya, EI and Landin, JD and Healey, KL and Kibble, S and Swartzwelder, HS and Chandler, LJ and Deak, T}, Title = {Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) produces lasting, sex-specific changes in rat body fat independent of changes in white blood cell composition.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {1285376}, Year = {2024}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1285376}, Abstract = {Early initiation of alcohol use during adolescence, and adolescent binge drinking are risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorder later in life. Adolescence is a time of rapid sex-dependent neural, physiological, and behavioral changes as well as a period of heightened vulnerability to many effects of alcohol. The goal of the present studies was to determine age-related changes in blood (leukocyte populations) and body composition across adolescence and early adulthood, and to investigate whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure would alter the trajectory of adolescent development on these broad physiological parameters. We observed significant ontogenetic changes in leukocyte populations that were mirrored by an age-related increase in cytokine expression among mixed populations of circulating leukocytes. Despite these developmental changes, AIE did not significantly alter overall leukocyte numbers or cytokine gene expression. However, AIE led to sex-specific changes in body fat mass and fat percentage, with AIE-exposed male rats showing significantly decreased fat levels and female rats showing significantly increased fat levels relative to controls. These changes suggest that while AIE may not alter overall leukocyte levels, more complex phenotypic changes in leukocyte populations could underlie previously reported differences in cytokine expression. Coupled with long-term shifts in adipocyte levels, this could have long-lasting effects on innate immunity and the capacity of individuals to respond to later immunological and physiological threats.}, Doi = {10.3389/fphys.2024.1285376}, Key = {fds376052} } @article{fds375859, Author = {Kwiatek, SM and Cai, L and Cagney, KA and Copeland, WE and Hotz, VJ and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Comparative assessment of the feasibility and validity of daily activity space in urban and non-urban settings.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {19}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e0297492}, Year = {2024}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297492}, Abstract = {Activity space research explores the behavioral impact of the spaces people move through in daily life. This research has focused on urban settings, devoting little attention to non-urban settings. We examined the validity of the activity space method, comparing feasibility and data quality in urban and non-urban contexts. Overall, we found that the method is easily implemented in both settings. We also found location data quality was comparable across residential and activity space settings. The major differences in GPS (Global Positioning System) density and accuracy came from the operating system (iOS versus Android) of the device used. The GPS-derived locations showed high agreement with participants' self-reported locations. We further validated GPS data by comparing at-home time allocation with the American Time Use Survey. This study suggests that it is possible to collect daily activity space data in non-urban settings that are of comparable quality to data from urban settings.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0297492}, Key = {fds375859} } @article{fds376147, Author = {Guetta, RE and Siepsiak, M and Shan, Y and Frazer-Abel, E and Rosenthal, MZ}, Title = {Misophonia is related to stress but not directly with traumatic stress.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {e0296218}, Year = {2024}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296218}, Abstract = {The relationship between misophonia, stress, and traumatic stress has not been well characterized scientifically. This study aimed to explore the relationships among misophonia, stress, lifetime traumatic events, and traumatic stress. A community sample of adults with self-reported misophonia (N = 143) completed structured diagnostic interviews and psychometrically validated self-report measures. Significant positive correlations were observed among perceived stress, traumatic stress, and misophonia severity. However, multivariate analyses revealed that perceived stress significantly predicted misophonia severity, over and above traumatic stress symptoms. The number of adverse life events was not associated with misophonia severity. Among symptom clusters of post-traumatic stress disorder, only hyperarousal was associated with misophonia severity. These findings suggest that transdiagnostic processes related to stress, such as perceived stress and hyperarousal, may be important phenotypic features and possible treatment targets for adults with misophonia.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0296218}, Key = {fds376147} } @article{fds374927, Author = {Andonian, BJ and Ross, LM and Sudnick, AM and Johnson, JL and Pieper, CF and Belski, KB and Counts, JD and King, AP and Wallis, JT and Bennett, WC and Gillespie, JC and Moertl, KM and Richard, D and Huebner, JL and Connelly, MA and Siegler, IC and Kraus, WE and Bales, CW and Porter Starr, KN and Huffman, KM}, Title = {Effect of Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training Versus Lifestyle Counseling on Cardiovascular Risk and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.}, Journal = {Acr Open Rheumatol}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr2.11639}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare a remotely supervised weight loss and exercise intervention to lifestyle counseling for effects on cardiovascular disease risk, disease activity, and patient-reported outcomes in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and overweight/obesity. METHODS: Twenty older (60-80 years), previously sedentary participants with seropositive RA and overweight/obesity were randomized to 16 weeks of either Supervised Weight loss and Exercise Training (SWET) or Counseling Health As Treatment (CHAT). The SWET group completed aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous intensity), resistance training (two days/week), and a hypocaloric diet (7% weight loss goal). The CHAT control group completed two lifestyle counseling sessions followed by monthly check-ins. The primary outcome was a composite metabolic syndrome z-score (MSSc) derived from fasting glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, minimal waist circumference, and mean arterial pressure. Secondary outcomes included RA disease activity and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS: Both groups improved MSSc (absolute change -1.67 ± 0.64 in SWET; -1.34 ± 1.30 in CHAT; P < 0.01 for both groups) with no between-group difference. Compared with CHAT, SWET significantly improved body weight, fat mass, Disease Activity Score-28 C-reactive protein, and patient-reported physical health, physical function, mental health, and fatigue (P < 0.04 for all between-group comparisons). Based on canonical correlations for fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and leg strength, component-specific effects were strongest for (1) weight loss improving MSSc, physical health, and mental health; (2) aerobic training improving physical function and fatigue; and (3) resistance training improving Disease Activity Score-28 C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: In older patients with RA and overweight/obesity, 16 weeks of remotely supervised weight loss, aerobic training, and resistance training improve cardiometabolic health, patient-reported outcomes, and disease activity. Less intensive lifestyle counseling similarly improves cardiovascular disease risk profiles, suggesting an important role for integrative interventions in the routine clinical care of this at-risk RA population.}, Doi = {10.1002/acr2.11639}, Key = {fds374927} } @article{fds371657, Author = {Adekunle, TA and Knowles, JM and Hantzmon, SV and DasGupta, MN and Pollak, KI and Gaither, SE}, Title = {A qualitative analysis of trust and distrust within patient-clinician interactions.}, Journal = {Pec Innovation}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {100187}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100187}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Trust represents a key quality of strong clinician-patient relationships.1 Many have attempted to assess patient-reported trust. However, most trust measures suffer from ceiling effects, with no variability, making it not possible to examine predictors of trust and distrust. Rather than rely on patient reports, we created a codebook for instances of trust and distrust from actual patient-clinician encounters. METHODS: Three coders conducted a qualitative analysis of audio recordings among patient-cardiologist outpatient encounters. RESULTS: We identified trust and distrust based on vocal and verbal cues in the interactions. We found consistent patterns that indicated patient trust and distrust. CONCLUSION: Overall, this work empirically validates a new more accurate measurement of trust for patient-doctor interactions. INNOVATION: We are the first to use audio recordings to identify verbal markers of trust and distrust in patient-clinician interactions. From this work, others can code trust and distrust in recorded encounters rather than rely on self-report measures.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100187}, Key = {fds371657} } @article{fds374579, Author = {Hughes, GC and Chen, EP and Browndyke, JN and Szeto, WY and DiMaio, JM and Brinkman, WT and Gaca, JG and Blumenthal, JA and Karhausen, JA and Bisanar, T and James, ML and Yanez, D and Li, Y-J and Mathew, JP}, Title = {Cognitive Effects of Body Temperature During Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Trial (GOT ICE): A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Outcomes After Aortic Arch Surgery.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067022}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Deep hypothermia has been the standard for hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) during aortic arch surgery. However, centers worldwide have shifted toward lesser hypothermia with antegrade cerebral perfusion. This has been supported by retrospective data, but there has yet to be a multicenter, prospective randomized study comparing deep versus moderate hypothermia during HCA. METHODS: This was a randomized single-blind trial (GOT ICE) of patients undergoing arch surgery with HCA plus antegrade cerebral perfusion at 4 US referral aortic centers (August 2016-December 2021). Patients were randomized to 1 of 3 hypothermia groups: DP, deep (≤20.0 °C); LM, low-moderate (20.1-24.0 °C); and HM, high-moderate (24.1-28.0 °C). The primary outcome was composite global cognitive change score between baseline and 4 weeks postoperatively. Intention-to-treat analysis to evaluate if: (1) LM noninferior to DP on global cognitive change score; (2) DP superior to HM. The secondary outcomes were domain-specific cognitive change scores, neuroimaging findings, quality of life, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 308 patients consented; 282 met inclusion and were randomized. A total of 273 completed surgery, and 251 completed the 4-week follow-up (DP, 85 [34%]; LM, 80 [34%]; HM, 86 [34%]). Mean global cognitive change score from baseline to 4 weeks in the LM group was noninferior to the DP group; likewise, no significant difference was observed between DP and HM. Noninferiority of LM versus DP, and lack of difference between DP and HM, remained for domain-specific cognitive change scores, except structured verbal memory, with noninferiority of LM versus DP not established and structured verbal memory better preserved in DP versus HM (P = 0.036). There were no significant differences in structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging brain imaging between groups postoperatively. Regardless of temperature, patients who underwent HCA demonstrated significant reductions in cerebral gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and regional brain functional connectivity. Thirty-day in-hospital mortality, major morbidity, and quality of life were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized multicenter study evaluating arch surgery HCA temperature strategies found low-moderate hypothermia noninferior to traditional deep hypothermia on global cognitive change 4 weeks after surgery, although in secondary analysis, structured verbal memory was better preserved in the deep group. The verbal memory differences in the low- and high-moderate groups and structural and functional connectivity reductions from baseline merit further investigation and suggest opportunities to further optimize brain perfusion during HCA. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02834065.}, Doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067022}, Key = {fds374579} } @article{fds374980, Author = {Farrer, TJ and Bigler, ED and Tsui-Caldwell, YHW and Abildskov, TJ and Tschanz, JT and Welsh-Bohmer, KA}, Title = {Scheltens ratings, clinical white matter hyperintensities and executive: Functioning in the Cache County Memory Study.}, Journal = {Appl Neuropsychol Adult}, Pages = {1-7}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2023.2287140}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Examine the association between neuropsychologically assessed executive function and clinically identifiable white matter burden from magnetic resonance imaging, using a visual rating system (Scheltens Rating System) applied to the Cache County Memory Study (CCMS) archival database. METHOD: We used the Scheltens Ratings Scale to quantify white matter lesion burden in the CCMS sample and used this metric as a predictor of executive function. The sample included 60 individuals with dementia and 13 healthy controls. RESULTS: Higher Scheltens ratings were associated with poorer task performance on an Executive Function composite score of common neuropsychological tests. This association held true for both controls and dementing cases. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings support extensive prior literature demonstrating the association between brain vascular health determined by white matter burden and clinical outcomes based on neuropsychological assessment of cognitive performance.}, Doi = {10.1080/23279095.2023.2287140}, Key = {fds374980} } @article{fds374695, Author = {Searcy, WA and Nowicki, S}, Title = {Human-wild bird cooperation.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {382}, Number = {6675}, Pages = {1124-1125}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adl5923}, Abstract = {Honeyguides learn distinct signals made by honey hunters from different cultures.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.adl5923}, Key = {fds374695} } @article{fds375274, Author = {Cabeza, R and Düzel, E}, Title = {Endel Tulving (1927-2023).}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {382}, Number = {6677}, Pages = {1365}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adn2158}, Abstract = {Explorer, innovator, and theorist of human memory.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.adn2158}, Key = {fds375274} } @article{fds373882, Author = {Synergy for the Influence of the Month of Birth in ADHD (SIMBA) study group}, Title = {Association between relative age at school and persistence of ADHD in prospective studies: an individual participant data meta-analysis.}, Journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {12}, Pages = {922-933}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The youngest children in a school class are more likely than the oldest to be diagnosed with ADHD, but this relative age effect is less frequent in older than in younger school-grade children. However, no study has explored the association between relative age and the persistence of ADHD diagnosis at older ages. We aimed to quantify the association between relative age and persistence of ADHD at older ages. METHODS: For this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubPsych up to April 1, 2022, with terms related to "cohort" and "ADHD" with no date, publication type, or language restrictions. We gathered individual participant data from prospective cohorts that included at least ten children identified with ADHD before age 10 years. ADHD was defined by either a clinical diagnosis or symptoms exceeding clinical cutoffs. Relative age was recorded as the month of birth in relation to the school-entry cutoff date. Study authors were invited to share raw data or to apply a script to analyse data locally and generate anonymised results. Our outcome was ADHD status at a diagnostic reassessment, conducted at least 4 years after the initial assessment and after age 10 years. No information on sex, gender, or ethnicity was collected. We did a two-stage random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis to assess the association of relative age with persistence of ADHD at follow-up. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020212650. FINDINGS: Of 33 119 studies generated by our search, we identified 130 eligible unique studies and were able to gather individual participant data from 57 prospective studies following up 6504 children with ADHD. After exclusion of 16 studies in regions with a flexible school entry system that did not allow confident linkage of birthdate to relative age, the primary analysis included 41 studies in 15 countries following up 4708 children for a period of 4 to 33 years. We found that younger relative age was not statistically significantly associated with ADHD persistence at follow-up (odds ratio 1·02, 95% CI 0·99-1·06; p=0·19). We observed statistically significant heterogeneity in our model (Q=75·82, p=0·0011, I2=45%). Participant-level sensitivity analyses showed similar results in cohorts with a robust relative age effect at baseline and when restricting to cohorts involving children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD or with a follow-up duration of more than 10 years. INTERPRETATION: The diagnosis of ADHD in younger children in a class is no more likely to be disconfirmed over time than that of older children in the class. One interpretation is that the relative age effect decreases the likelihood of children of older relative age receiving a diagnosis of ADHD, and another is that assigning a diagnostic label of ADHD leads to unexplored carryover effects of the initial diagnosis that persist over time. Future studies should be conducted to explore these interpretations further. FUNDING: None.}, Doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Key = {fds373882} } @article{fds371649, Author = {Stanley, ML and Huang, S and Marsh, EJ and Kay, AC}, Title = {The Role of Structure-Seeking in Moral Punishment}, Journal = {Social Justice Research}, Volume = {36}, Number = {4}, Pages = {410-431}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-023-00416-8}, Abstract = {Four studies (total N = 1586) test the notion that people are motivated to punish moral rule violators because punishment offers a way to obtain structure and order in the world. First, in a correlational study, increased need for structure was associated with the stronger endorsement punishment for moral rule violators. This relationship between need for structure and punishment was not driven by political conservatism. Three experimental studies then tested, and corroborated, our main causal hypotheses: that threats to structure increase punitive judgments for moral rule violators (i.e., a compensatory mechanism; Study 2) and that a lack of punishment for wrongdoing (relative to punishment for wrongdoing) makes the world seem less structured in the moment (Studies 3 and 4). We compare and contrast our structure-based account of moral punishment to other theories and findings across the punishment literature.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11211-023-00416-8}, Key = {fds371649} } @article{fds375127, Author = {Healey, K and Waters, RC and Knight, SG and Wandling, GM and Hall, NI and Jones, BN and Shobande, MJ and Melton, JG and Pandey, SC and Scott Swartzwelder, H and Maldonado-Devincci, AM}, Title = {Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure alters adult exploratory and affective behaviors, and cerebellar Grin2b expression in C57BL/6J mice.}, Journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend}, Volume = {253}, Pages = {111026}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111026}, Abstract = {Binge drinking is one of the most common patterns (more than 90%) of alcohol consumption by young people. During adolescence, the brain undergoes maturational changes that influence behavioral control and affective behaviors, such as cerebellar brain volume and function in adulthood. We investigated long-term impacts of adolescent binge ethanol exposure on affective and exploratory behaviors and cerebellar gene expression in adult male and female mice. Further, the cerebellum is increasingly recognized as a brain region integrating a multitude of behaviors that span from the traditional primary sensory-motor to affective functions, such as anxiety and stress reactivity. Therefore, we investigated the persistent effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) on exploratory and affective behaviors and began to elucidate the role of the cerebellum in these behaviors through excitatory signaling gene expression. We exposed C57BL/6J mice to AIE or air (control) vapor inhalation from postnatal day 28-42. After prolonged abstinence (>34 days), in young adulthood (PND 77+) we assessed behavior in the open field, light/dark, tail suspension, and forced swim stress tests to determine changes in affective behaviors including anxiety-like, depressive-like, and stress reactivity behavior. Excitatory signaling gene mRNA levels of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMR1), glutamate receptors (Grin2a, Grin2b and Grm5) and excitatory synaptic markers (PSD-95 and Eaat1) were measured in the cerebellum of adult control and AIE-exposed mice. AIE-exposed mice showed decreased exploratory behaviors in the open field test (OFT) where both sexes show reduced ambulation, however only females exhibited a reduction in rearing. Additionally, in the OFT, AIE-exposed females also exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior (entries to center zone). In the forced swim stress test, AIE-exposed male mice, but not females, spent less time immobile compared to their same-sex controls, indicative of sex-specific changes in stress reactivity. Male and female AIE-exposed mice showed increased Grin2b (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B) mRNA levels in the cerebellum compared to their same-sex controls. Together, these data show that adolescent binge-like ethanol exposure altered both exploratory and affective behaviors in a sex-specific manner and modified cerebellar Grin2b expression in adult mice. This indicates the cerebellum may serve as an important brain region that is susceptible to long-term molecular changes after AIE.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111026}, Key = {fds375127} } @article{fds373557, Author = {Fisher, HM and Check, DK and Somers, TJ and Kelleher, SA and Majestic, C and Yu, JA and Reed, SD and Li, Y and Olsen, MK and Lerebours, R and Keefe, FJ and Steinhauser, KE and Breitbart, WS and Winger, JG}, Title = {Meaning-centered pain coping skills training for patients with metastatic cancer: Protocol for a randomized controlled efficacy trial.}, Journal = {Contemp Clin Trials}, Volume = {135}, Pages = {107363}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2023.107363}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many patients with advanced cancer describe pain as a debilitating symptom that greatly interferes with daily activities and enjoyment of life. Psychosocial interventions can improve cancer-related pain but rarely address spiritual concerns (e.g., loss of meaning, peace), which can influence the pain experience for those facing life-threatening illness. To address these needs, we systematically developed and pilot tested a novel psychosocial intervention called Meaning-Centered Pain Coping Skills Training (MCPC). In this randomized controlled trial, we aim to determine MCPC's efficacy for reducing pain interference (primary outcome) and improving secondary outcomes. We will also estimate MCPC's cost-effectiveness. METHOD/DESIGN: Patients (target N = 210) with advanced solid tumor malignancies (Stage IV) and clinically-elevated pain interference will be enrolled and block randomized with equal allocation to MCPC + enhanced usual care or enhanced usual care alone. MCPC's four, videoconferenced, 45-60 min weekly sessions will be individually delivered by trained study therapists. Primary (pain interference) and secondary (pain severity, anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain self-efficacy, social support, spiritual well-being) patient-reported outcomes will be assessed at baseline, and 8-weeks (primary endpoint) and 12-weeks after baseline. CONCLUSION: Our MCPC intervention is the first to systematically address the biopsychosocial-spiritual aspects of pain in patients with advanced cancer. If MCPC demonstrates efficacy, next steps will involve hybrid efficacy-effectiveness and implementation work to broaden access to this brief, manualized, remotely-delivered intervention, with the goal of reducing suffering in patients with life-threatening illness.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2023.107363}, Key = {fds373557} } @article{fds374397, Author = {Myers, H and Keefe, FJ and George, SZ and Kennedy, J and Lake, AD and Martinez, C and Cook, CE}, Title = {Effect of a Patient Engagement, Education, and Restructuring of Cognitions (PEERC) approach on conservative care in rotator cuff related shoulder pain treatment: a randomized control trial.}, Journal = {Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {930}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-07044-y}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite similar outcomes for surgery and physical therapy (PT), the number of surgeries to treat rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is increasing. Interventions designed to enhance treatment expectations for PT have been shown to improve patient expectations, but no studies have explored whether such interventions influence patient reports of having had surgery, or being scheduled for surgery. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the effect of a cognitive behavioral intervention aimed at changing expectations for PT on patient-report of having had or being scheduled for surgery and on the outcomes of PT. METHODS: The Patient Engagement, Education, and Restructuring of Cognitions (PEERC) intervention, was designed to change expectations regarding PT. PEERC was evaluated in a randomized, pragmatic "add-on" trial in by randomizing patients with RCRSP to receive either PT intervention alone (PT) or PT + PEERC. Fifty-four (54) individuals, recruited from an outpatient hospital-based orthopedic clinic, were enrolled in the trial (25 randomized to PT, 29 randomized to PT + PEERC). Outcomes assessed at enrollment, 6 weeks, discharge, and six months after discharge included the patient report of having had surgery, or being scheduled for surgery (primary) and satisfaction with PT outcome, pain, and function (secondary outcomes). RESULTS: The average age of the 54 participants was 51.81; SD = 12.54, and 63% were female. Chronicity of shoulder pain averaged 174.61 days; SD = 179.58. Study results showed that at the time of six months follow up, three (12%) of the participants in the PT alone group and one (3.4%) in the PT + PEERC group reported have had surgery or being scheduled for surgery (p = .32). There were no significant differences between groups on measures of satisfaction with the outcome of PT (p = .08), pain (p = .58) or function (p = .82). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with RCRSP, PT plus the cognitive behavioral intervention aimed at changing expectations for PT provided no additional benefit compared to PT alone with regard to patient report of having had surgery, or being scheduled to have surgery, patient reported treatment satisfaction with the outcome of PT, or improvements in pain, or function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03353272 (27/11/2017).}, Doi = {10.1186/s12891-023-07044-y}, Key = {fds374397} } @article{fds374570, Author = {McDermott, K and Keefe, F and Vranceanu, A-M}, Title = {Bridging the gap: Utilizing insights from exposure therapy in the innovation of chronic musculoskeletal pain treatment.}, Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, Volume = {91}, Number = {12}, Pages = {681-682}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000855}, Abstract = {For some time, the gold standard treatment for anxiety disorders has been exposure therapy, defined as the repeated approach of anxiety-inducing situations, memories, or physiological sensations. Existing treatments to target fear and avoidance of pain can be augmented by innovations from exposure research in the anxiety disorders, including greater emphasis on safety learning, the utilization of imaginal exposure to catastrophic fears, and exposure to contrasting emotions. Given that treatments to target core, maintaining mechanisms of anxiety, including imaginal exposures, can be administered as self-directed treatments without therapist involvement, they represent important avenues for ensuring the millions of people with chronic musculosketal pain can gain access to psychosocial treatment and reduce the interference of pain in their lives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/ccp0000855}, Key = {fds374570} } @article{fds363252, Author = {Babiano-Espinosa, L and Skarphedinsson, G and Weidle, B and Wolters, LH and Compton, S and Ivarsson, T and Skokauskas, N}, Title = {eCBT Versus Standard Individual CBT for Paediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.}, Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev}, Volume = {54}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1567-1576}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01350-7}, Abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions often with severe impairment affecting 1-3% of children and adolescents. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the therapeutic golden standard for paediatric OCD. However, face-to-face CBT is limited by accessibility, availability, and quality of delivery. Enhanced CBT (eCBT) a combination of face-to-face sessions at the clinic and treatment at home via webcam and a supportive app system aims to address some of these barriers. In this pilot study, we compared eCBT outcomes of 25 paediatric patients with OCD benchmarked against traditional face-to-face CBT (n = 269) from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study, the largest paediatric OCD CBT study to date. Pairwise comparisons showed no difference between eCBT and NordLOTS treatment outcomes. Mean estimate difference was 2.5 in favour of eCBT (95% CI - 0.3 to 5.3). eCBT compared to NordLOTS showed no significant differences between response and remission rates, suggesting similar effectiveness.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10578-022-01350-7}, Key = {fds363252} } @article{fds372842, Author = {Bernstein, SM and Barks, MC and Ubel, PA and Weinfurt, K and Barlet, MH and Farley, S and Jiao, MG and Bansal, S and Fisher, K and Lemmon, ME}, Title = {Prognostic Discordance Among Parents and Physicians Caring for Infants with Neurologic Conditions.}, Journal = {J Pediatr}, Volume = {263}, Pages = {113677}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113677}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, degree, and nature of prognostic discordance between parents and physicians caring for infants with neurologic conditions. STUDY DESIGN: In this observational cohort study, we enrolled parents and physicians caring for infants with neurologic conditions in advance of a family conference. Parent-physician dyads completed a postconference survey targeting expected neurologic outcomes across 3 domains (motor, speech, and cognition) using a 6-point scale. Prognostic discordance was defined as a difference of ≥2 response options and was considered moderate (difference of 2-3 response options) or high (difference of 4-5 response options). Responses were categorized as differences in belief and/or differences in understanding using an existing paradigm. RESULTS: Forty parent-physician dyads of 28 infants completed surveys. Parent-physician discordance about prognosis occurred in ≥1 domain in the majority of dyads (n = 28/40, 70%). Discordance was generally moderate in degree (n = 23/28, 82%) and occurred with similar frequency across all domains. Of parent-physician dyads with discordance, the majority contained a difference in understanding in at least 1 domain (n = 25/28, 89%), while a minority contained a difference of belief (n = 6/28, 21%). When discordance was present, parents were typically more optimistic in their predictions compared with physicians (n = 25/28, 89%). CONCLUSIONS: Differing perceptions about the prognosis of critically ill infants are common and due to differences in both understanding and belief. These findings can be used to develop targeted interventions to improve prognostic communication.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113677}, Key = {fds372842} } @article{fds374241, Author = {Nash, AL and Bloom, DL and Chapman, BM and Wheeler, SB and McGuire, KP and Lee, CN and Weinfurt, K and Rosenstein, DL and Plichta, JK and Vann, JCJ and Hwang, ES}, Title = {ASO Visual Abstract: Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Decision Making-The Partners' Perspective.}, Journal = {Annals of Surgical Oncology}, Volume = {30}, Number = {13}, Pages = {8481-8482}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-023-14184-x}, Doi = {10.1245/s10434-023-14184-x}, Key = {fds374241} } @article{fds368899, Author = {Andrade, FC and Hoyle, RH and Burnell, K}, Title = {Adjusting to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States: The impact of disruptions on habits and changes in health behaviors.}, Journal = {Journal of Health Psychology}, Volume = {28}, Number = {14}, Pages = {1307-1319}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13591053221144440}, Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic provides a naturalistic test of whether pandemic-related disruptions weaken habits and undermine behavior stability. We hypothesized that better capacity to effortfully guide behavior (self-regulation) would buffer this effect and be associated with behavior stability and development of new habits to accomplish daily behaviors. A cross-sectional study of 416 MTurk workers recruited in April 2020 (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 34.60, <i>SD</i> = 11.51) indicated that pandemic-related disruptions generally exceeded people's capacity to effortfully modify their behavior. Self-regulation related to the development of new habits and to lower likelihood that work productivity decreased. Self-regulation also protected against the effect of disruption on the likelihood that substance use increased. Besides these associations, self-regulation was largely unrelated to health-related behaviors and, in some instances, associated with poorer outcomes. These findings underscore the need to appreciate the impact of contextual disruptions in interpreting and promoting change in health-related behaviors.}, Doi = {10.1177/13591053221144440}, Key = {fds368899} } @article{fds370294, Author = {Westgate, EC and Buttrick, NR and Lin, Y and El Helou and G and Agostini, M and Bélanger, JJ and Gützkow, B and Kreienkamp, J and Abakoumkin, G and Abdul Khaiyom and JH and Ahmedi, V and Akkas, H and Almenara, CA and Atta, M and Bagci, SC and Basel, S and Berisha Kida and E and Bernardo, ABI and Chobthamkit, P and Choi, H-S and Cristea, M and Csaba, S and Damnjanovic, K and Danyliuk, I and Dash, A and Di Santo and D and Douglas, KM and Enea, V and Faller, DG and Fitzsimons, G and Gheorghiu, A and Gómez, Á and Hamaidia, A and Han, Q and Helmy, M and Hudiyana, J and Jeronimus, BF and Jiang, D-Y and Jovanović, V and Kamenov, Ž and Kende, A and Keng, S-L and Kieu, TTT and Koc, Y and Kovyazina, K and Kozytska, I and Krause, J and Kruglanski, AW and Kurapov, A and Kutlaca, M and Lantos, NA and Lemay, EP and Lesmana, CBJ and Louis, WR and Lueders, A and Maj, M and Malik, NI and Martinez, A and McCabe, KO and Mehulić, J and Milla, MN and Mohammed, I and Molinario, E and Moyano, M and Muhammad, H and Mula, S and Muluk, H and Myroniuk, S and Najafi, R and Nisa, CF and Nyúl, B and O'Keefe, PA and Olivas Osuna and JJ and Osin, EN and Park, J and Pica, G and Pierro, A and Rees, J and Reitsema, AM and Resta, E and Rullo, M and Ryan, MK and Samekin, A and Santtila, P and Sasin, E and Schumpe, BM and Selim, HA and Stanton, MV and Stroebe, W and Sutton, RM and Tseliou, E and Utsugi, A and van Breen, JA and Van Lissa and CJ and Van Veen and K and vanDellen, MR and Vázquez, A and Wollast, R and Et Al}, Title = {Pandemic boredom: Little evidence that lockdown-related boredom affects risky public health behaviors across 116 countries.}, Journal = {Emotion}, Volume = {23}, Number = {8}, Pages = {2370-2384}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0001118}, Abstract = {Some public officials have expressed concern that policies mandating collective public health behaviors (e.g., national/regional "lockdown") may result in behavioral fatigue that ultimately renders such policies ineffective. Boredom, specifically, has been singled out as one potential risk factor for noncompliance. We examined whether there was empirical evidence to support this concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-national sample of 63,336 community respondents from 116 countries. Although boredom was higher in countries with more COVID-19 cases and in countries that instituted more stringent lockdowns, such boredom did not predict longitudinal within-person decreases in social distancing behavior (or vice versa; <i>n</i> = 8,031) in early spring and summer of 2020. Overall, we found little evidence that changes in boredom predict individual public health behaviors (handwashing, staying home, self-quarantining, and avoiding crowds) over time, or that such behaviors had any reliable longitudinal effects on boredom itself. In summary, contrary to concerns, we found little evidence that boredom posed a public health risk during lockdown and quarantine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/emo0001118}, Key = {fds370294} } @article{fds374233, Author = {King, CD and Lovich, SN and Murphy, DL and Landrum, R and Kaylie, D and Shera, CA and Groh, JM}, Title = {Individual similarities and differences in eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs).}, Journal = {Hear Res}, Volume = {440}, Pages = {108899}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2023.108899}, Abstract = {We recently discovered a unique type of otoacoustic emission (OAE) time-locked to the onset (and offset) of saccadic eye movements and occurring in the absence of external sound (Gruters et al., 2018). How and why these eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) are generated is unknown, with a role in visual-auditory integration being the likeliest candidate. Clues to both the drivers of EMREOs and their purpose can be gleaned by examining responses in normal hearing human subjects. Do EMREOs occur in all individuals with normal hearing? If so, what components of the response occur most consistently? Understanding which attributes of EMREOs are similar across participants and which show more variability will provide the groundwork for future comparisons with individuals with hearing abnormalities affecting the ear's various motor components. Here we report that in subjects with normal hearing thresholds and normal middle ear function, all ears show (a) measurable EMREOs (mean: 58.7 dB SPL; range 45-67 dB SPL for large contralateral saccades), (b) a phase reversal for contra- versus ipsilaterally-directed saccades, (c) a large peak in the signal occurring soon after saccade onset, (d) an additional large peak time-locked to saccade offset and (e) evidence that saccade duration is encoded in the signal. We interpret the attributes of EMREOs that are most consistent across subjects as the ones that are most likely to play an essential role in their function. The individual differences likely reflect normal variation in individuals' auditory system anatomy and physiology, much like traditional measures of auditory function such as auditory-evoked OAEs, tympanometry and auditory-evoked potentials. Future work will compare subjects with different types of auditory dysfunction to population data from normal hearing subjects. Overall, these findings provide important context for the widespread observations of visual- and eye-movement related signals found in cortical and subcortical auditory areas of the brain.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.heares.2023.108899}, Key = {fds374233} } @article{fds371008, Author = {Brennan, GM and Moffitt, TE and Ambler, A and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Mani, R and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A}, Title = {Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {16}, Pages = {7569-7580}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001320}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Midlife adults are experiencing a crisis of deaths of despair (i.e. deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease). We tested the hypothesis that a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife is preceded by psychopathology during adolescence.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants are members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-73 and followed to age 45 years, with 94% retention. Adolescent mental disorders were assessed in three diagnostic assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Indicators of despair-related maladies across four domains - suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain - were assessed at age 45 using multi-modal measures including self-report, informant-report, and national register data.<h4>Results</h4>We identified and validated a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife involving suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain. Adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife tended to have had early-onset emotional and behavioral disorders [<i>β</i> = 0.23, 95% CI (0.16-0.30), <i>p</i> < 0.001], even after adjusting for sex, childhood SES, and childhood IQ. A more pronounced midlife despair syndrome was observed among adults who, as adolescents, were diagnosed with a greater number of mental disorders [<i>β</i> = 0.26, 95% CI (0.19-0.33), <i>p</i> < 0.001]. Tests of diagnostic specificity revealed that associations generalized across different adolescent mental disorders.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Midlife adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies tended to have had psychopathology as adolescents. Prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathology may mitigate despair-related maladies at midlife and ultimately reduce deaths of despair.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723001320}, Key = {fds371008} } @article{fds373506, Author = {Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Whitman, ET and Winn, A and Addae, A and Ireland, D and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Test-retest reliability and predictive utility of a macroscale principal functional connectivity gradient.}, Journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, Volume = {44}, Number = {18}, Pages = {6399-6417}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26517}, Abstract = {Mapping individual differences in brain function has been hampered by poor reliability as well as limited interpretability. Leveraging patterns of brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) offers some promise in this endeavor. In particular, a macroscale principal FC gradient that recapitulates a hierarchical organization spanning molecular, cellular, and circuit level features along a sensory-to-association cortical axis has emerged as both a parsimonious and interpretable measure of individual differences in behavior. However, the measurement reliabilities of this FC gradient have not been fully evaluated. Here, we assess the reliabilities of both global and regional principal FC gradient measures using test-retest data from the young adult Human Connectome Project (HCP-YA) and the Dunedin Study. Analyses revealed that the reliabilities of principal FC gradient measures were (1) consistently higher than those for traditional edge-wise FC measures, (2) higher for FC measures derived from general FC (GFC) in comparison with resting-state FC, and (3) higher for longer scan lengths. We additionally examined the relative utility of these principal FC gradient measures in predicting cognition and aging in both datasets as well as the HCP-aging dataset. These analyses revealed that regional FC gradient measures and global gradient range were significantly associated with aging in all three datasets, and moderately associated with cognition in the HCP-YA and Dunedin Study datasets, reflecting contractions and expansions of the cortical hierarchy, respectively. Collectively, these results demonstrate that measures of the principal FC gradient, especially derived using GFC, effectively capture a reliable feature of the human brain subject to interpretable and biologically meaningful individual variation, offering some advantages over traditional edge-wise FC measures in the search for brain-behavior associations.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.26517}, Key = {fds373506} } @article{fds374319, Author = {Synergy for the Influence of the Month of Birth in ADHD (SIMBA) study group}, Title = {Association between relative age at school and persistence of ADHD in prospective studies: an individual participant data meta-analysis.}, Journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {12}, Pages = {922-933}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The youngest children in a school class are more likely than the oldest to be diagnosed with ADHD, but this relative age effect is less frequent in older than in younger school-grade children. However, no study has explored the association between relative age and the persistence of ADHD diagnosis at older ages. We aimed to quantify the association between relative age and persistence of ADHD at older ages. METHODS: For this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubPsych up to April 1, 2022, with terms related to "cohort" and "ADHD" with no date, publication type, or language restrictions. We gathered individual participant data from prospective cohorts that included at least ten children identified with ADHD before age 10 years. ADHD was defined by either a clinical diagnosis or symptoms exceeding clinical cutoffs. Relative age was recorded as the month of birth in relation to the school-entry cutoff date. Study authors were invited to share raw data or to apply a script to analyse data locally and generate anonymised results. Our outcome was ADHD status at a diagnostic reassessment, conducted at least 4 years after the initial assessment and after age 10 years. No information on sex, gender, or ethnicity was collected. We did a two-stage random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis to assess the association of relative age with persistence of ADHD at follow-up. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020212650. FINDINGS: Of 33 119 studies generated by our search, we identified 130 eligible unique studies and were able to gather individual participant data from 57 prospective studies following up 6504 children with ADHD. After exclusion of 16 studies in regions with a flexible school entry system that did not allow confident linkage of birthdate to relative age, the primary analysis included 41 studies in 15 countries following up 4708 children for a period of 4 to 33 years. We found that younger relative age was not statistically significantly associated with ADHD persistence at follow-up (odds ratio 1·02, 95% CI 0·99-1·06; p=0·19). We observed statistically significant heterogeneity in our model (Q=75·82, p=0·0011, I2=45%). Participant-level sensitivity analyses showed similar results in cohorts with a robust relative age effect at baseline and when restricting to cohorts involving children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD or with a follow-up duration of more than 10 years. INTERPRETATION: The diagnosis of ADHD in younger children in a class is no more likely to be disconfirmed over time than that of older children in the class. One interpretation is that the relative age effect decreases the likelihood of children of older relative age receiving a diagnosis of ADHD, and another is that assigning a diagnostic label of ADHD leads to unexplored carryover effects of the initial diagnosis that persist over time. Future studies should be conducted to explore these interpretations further. FUNDING: None.}, Doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Key = {fds374319} } @article{fds373507, Author = {Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Whitman, ET and Winn, A and Addae, A and Ireland, D and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Test-retest reliability and predictive utility of a macroscale principal functional connectivity gradient.}, Journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, Volume = {44}, Number = {18}, Pages = {6399-6417}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26517}, Abstract = {Mapping individual differences in brain function has been hampered by poor reliability as well as limited interpretability. Leveraging patterns of brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) offers some promise in this endeavor. In particular, a macroscale principal FC gradient that recapitulates a hierarchical organization spanning molecular, cellular, and circuit level features along a sensory-to-association cortical axis has emerged as both a parsimonious and interpretable measure of individual differences in behavior. However, the measurement reliabilities of this FC gradient have not been fully evaluated. Here, we assess the reliabilities of both global and regional principal FC gradient measures using test-retest data from the young adult Human Connectome Project (HCP-YA) and the Dunedin Study. Analyses revealed that the reliabilities of principal FC gradient measures were (1) consistently higher than those for traditional edge-wise FC measures, (2) higher for FC measures derived from general FC (GFC) in comparison with resting-state FC, and (3) higher for longer scan lengths. We additionally examined the relative utility of these principal FC gradient measures in predicting cognition and aging in both datasets as well as the HCP-aging dataset. These analyses revealed that regional FC gradient measures and global gradient range were significantly associated with aging in all three datasets, and moderately associated with cognition in the HCP-YA and Dunedin Study datasets, reflecting contractions and expansions of the cortical hierarchy, respectively. Collectively, these results demonstrate that measures of the principal FC gradient, especially derived using GFC, effectively capture a reliable feature of the human brain subject to interpretable and biologically meaningful individual variation, offering some advantages over traditional edge-wise FC measures in the search for brain-behavior associations.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.26517}, Key = {fds373507} } @article{fds373927, Author = {Synergy for the Influence of the Month of Birth in ADHD (SIMBA) study group}, Title = {Association between relative age at school and persistence of ADHD in prospective studies: an individual participant data meta-analysis.}, Journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {12}, Pages = {922-933}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The youngest children in a school class are more likely than the oldest to be diagnosed with ADHD, but this relative age effect is less frequent in older than in younger school-grade children. However, no study has explored the association between relative age and the persistence of ADHD diagnosis at older ages. We aimed to quantify the association between relative age and persistence of ADHD at older ages. METHODS: For this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubPsych up to April 1, 2022, with terms related to "cohort" and "ADHD" with no date, publication type, or language restrictions. We gathered individual participant data from prospective cohorts that included at least ten children identified with ADHD before age 10 years. ADHD was defined by either a clinical diagnosis or symptoms exceeding clinical cutoffs. Relative age was recorded as the month of birth in relation to the school-entry cutoff date. Study authors were invited to share raw data or to apply a script to analyse data locally and generate anonymised results. Our outcome was ADHD status at a diagnostic reassessment, conducted at least 4 years after the initial assessment and after age 10 years. No information on sex, gender, or ethnicity was collected. We did a two-stage random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis to assess the association of relative age with persistence of ADHD at follow-up. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020212650. FINDINGS: Of 33 119 studies generated by our search, we identified 130 eligible unique studies and were able to gather individual participant data from 57 prospective studies following up 6504 children with ADHD. After exclusion of 16 studies in regions with a flexible school entry system that did not allow confident linkage of birthdate to relative age, the primary analysis included 41 studies in 15 countries following up 4708 children for a period of 4 to 33 years. We found that younger relative age was not statistically significantly associated with ADHD persistence at follow-up (odds ratio 1·02, 95% CI 0·99-1·06; p=0·19). We observed statistically significant heterogeneity in our model (Q=75·82, p=0·0011, I2=45%). Participant-level sensitivity analyses showed similar results in cohorts with a robust relative age effect at baseline and when restricting to cohorts involving children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD or with a follow-up duration of more than 10 years. INTERPRETATION: The diagnosis of ADHD in younger children in a class is no more likely to be disconfirmed over time than that of older children in the class. One interpretation is that the relative age effect decreases the likelihood of children of older relative age receiving a diagnosis of ADHD, and another is that assigning a diagnostic label of ADHD leads to unexplored carryover effects of the initial diagnosis that persist over time. Future studies should be conducted to explore these interpretations further. FUNDING: None.}, Doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Key = {fds373927} } @article{fds375276, Author = {Brennan, GM and Moffitt, TE and Ambler, A and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Mani, R and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A}, Title = {Tracing the origins of midlife despair: association of psychopathology during adolescence with a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {16}, Pages = {7569-7580}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001320}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Midlife adults are experiencing a crisis of deaths of despair (i.e. deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease). We tested the hypothesis that a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife is preceded by psychopathology during adolescence.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants are members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-73 and followed to age 45 years, with 94% retention. Adolescent mental disorders were assessed in three diagnostic assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Indicators of despair-related maladies across four domains - suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain - were assessed at age 45 using multi-modal measures including self-report, informant-report, and national register data.<h4>Results</h4>We identified and validated a syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife involving suicidality, substance misuse, sleep problems, and pain. Adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies at midlife tended to have had early-onset emotional and behavioral disorders [<i>β</i> = 0.23, 95% CI (0.16-0.30), <i>p</i> < 0.001], even after adjusting for sex, childhood SES, and childhood IQ. A more pronounced midlife despair syndrome was observed among adults who, as adolescents, were diagnosed with a greater number of mental disorders [<i>β</i> = 0.26, 95% CI (0.19-0.33), <i>p</i> < 0.001]. Tests of diagnostic specificity revealed that associations generalized across different adolescent mental disorders.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Midlife adults who exhibited a more severe syndrome of despair-related maladies tended to have had psychopathology as adolescents. Prevention and treatment of adolescent psychopathology may mitigate despair-related maladies at midlife and ultimately reduce deaths of despair.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723001320}, Key = {fds375276} } @article{fds373884, Author = {Synergy for the Influence of the Month of Birth in ADHD (SIMBA) study group}, Title = {Association between relative age at school and persistence of ADHD in prospective studies: an individual participant data meta-analysis.}, Journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {12}, Pages = {922-933}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The youngest children in a school class are more likely than the oldest to be diagnosed with ADHD, but this relative age effect is less frequent in older than in younger school-grade children. However, no study has explored the association between relative age and the persistence of ADHD diagnosis at older ages. We aimed to quantify the association between relative age and persistence of ADHD at older ages. METHODS: For this meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubPsych up to April 1, 2022, with terms related to "cohort" and "ADHD" with no date, publication type, or language restrictions. We gathered individual participant data from prospective cohorts that included at least ten children identified with ADHD before age 10 years. ADHD was defined by either a clinical diagnosis or symptoms exceeding clinical cutoffs. Relative age was recorded as the month of birth in relation to the school-entry cutoff date. Study authors were invited to share raw data or to apply a script to analyse data locally and generate anonymised results. Our outcome was ADHD status at a diagnostic reassessment, conducted at least 4 years after the initial assessment and after age 10 years. No information on sex, gender, or ethnicity was collected. We did a two-stage random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis to assess the association of relative age with persistence of ADHD at follow-up. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020212650. FINDINGS: Of 33 119 studies generated by our search, we identified 130 eligible unique studies and were able to gather individual participant data from 57 prospective studies following up 6504 children with ADHD. After exclusion of 16 studies in regions with a flexible school entry system that did not allow confident linkage of birthdate to relative age, the primary analysis included 41 studies in 15 countries following up 4708 children for a period of 4 to 33 years. We found that younger relative age was not statistically significantly associated with ADHD persistence at follow-up (odds ratio 1·02, 95% CI 0·99-1·06; p=0·19). We observed statistically significant heterogeneity in our model (Q=75·82, p=0·0011, I2=45%). Participant-level sensitivity analyses showed similar results in cohorts with a robust relative age effect at baseline and when restricting to cohorts involving children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD or with a follow-up duration of more than 10 years. INTERPRETATION: The diagnosis of ADHD in younger children in a class is no more likely to be disconfirmed over time than that of older children in the class. One interpretation is that the relative age effect decreases the likelihood of children of older relative age receiving a diagnosis of ADHD, and another is that assigning a diagnostic label of ADHD leads to unexplored carryover effects of the initial diagnosis that persist over time. Future studies should be conducted to explore these interpretations further. FUNDING: None.}, Doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00272-9}, Key = {fds373884} } @article{fds372228, Author = {Lay-Yee, R and Hariri, AR and Knodt, AR and Barrett-Young, A and Matthews, T and Milne, BJ}, Title = {Social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood: is there an association with older brain age?}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {16}, Pages = {7874-7882}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001964}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Older brain age - as estimated from structural MRI data - is known to be associated with detrimental mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Social isolation, which has similar detrimental effects on health, may be associated with accelerated brain aging though little is known about how different trajectories of social isolation across the life course moderate this association. We examined the associations between social isolation trajectories from age 5 to age 38 and brain age assessed at age 45.<h4>Methods</h4>We previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: 'never-isolated', 'adult-only', 'child-only', and persistent 'child-adult' isolation. A brain age gap estimate (brainAGE) - the difference between predicted age from structural MRI date and chronological age - was derived at age 45. We undertook analyses of brainAGE with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex, family socio-economic status, and a range of familial and child-behavioral factors.<h4>Results</h4>Older brain age in mid-adulthood was associated with trajectories of social isolation after adjustment for family and child confounders, particularly for the 'adult-only' group compared to the 'never-isolated' group.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Although our findings are associational, they indicate that preventing social isolation, particularly in mid-adulthood, may help to avert accelerated brain aging associated with negative health outcomes later in life.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723001964}, Key = {fds372228} } @article{fds373508, Author = {Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Whitman, ET and Winn, A and Addae, A and Ireland, D and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Test-retest reliability and predictive utility of a macroscale principal functional connectivity gradient.}, Journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, Volume = {44}, Number = {18}, Pages = {6399-6417}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26517}, Abstract = {Mapping individual differences in brain function has been hampered by poor reliability as well as limited interpretability. Leveraging patterns of brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) offers some promise in this endeavor. In particular, a macroscale principal FC gradient that recapitulates a hierarchical organization spanning molecular, cellular, and circuit level features along a sensory-to-association cortical axis has emerged as both a parsimonious and interpretable measure of individual differences in behavior. However, the measurement reliabilities of this FC gradient have not been fully evaluated. Here, we assess the reliabilities of both global and regional principal FC gradient measures using test-retest data from the young adult Human Connectome Project (HCP-YA) and the Dunedin Study. Analyses revealed that the reliabilities of principal FC gradient measures were (1) consistently higher than those for traditional edge-wise FC measures, (2) higher for FC measures derived from general FC (GFC) in comparison with resting-state FC, and (3) higher for longer scan lengths. We additionally examined the relative utility of these principal FC gradient measures in predicting cognition and aging in both datasets as well as the HCP-aging dataset. These analyses revealed that regional FC gradient measures and global gradient range were significantly associated with aging in all three datasets, and moderately associated with cognition in the HCP-YA and Dunedin Study datasets, reflecting contractions and expansions of the cortical hierarchy, respectively. Collectively, these results demonstrate that measures of the principal FC gradient, especially derived using GFC, effectively capture a reliable feature of the human brain subject to interpretable and biologically meaningful individual variation, offering some advantages over traditional edge-wise FC measures in the search for brain-behavior associations.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.26517}, Key = {fds373508} } @article{fds372776, Author = {Hopp, FR and Amir, O and Fisher, JT and Grafton, S and Sinnott-Armstrong, W and Weber, R}, Title = {Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology.}, Journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, Volume = {7}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2182-2198}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8}, Abstract = {Moral foundations theory (MFT) holds that moral judgements are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations but where and how these foundations are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral vignette judgement task (n = 64), we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgement of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implicated in theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation elicits dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, individuals' liberal or conservative orientation modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8}, Key = {fds372776} } @article{fds371676, Author = {Stanley, ML and Huang, S and Marsh, EJ and Kay, AC}, Title = {The Role of Structure-Seeking in Moral Punishment}, Journal = {Social Justice Research}, Volume = {36}, Number = {4}, Pages = {410-431}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-023-00416-8}, Abstract = {Four studies (total N = 1586) test the notion that people are motivated to punish moral rule violators because punishment offers a way to obtain structure and order in the world. First, in a correlational study, increased need for structure was associated with the stronger endorsement punishment for moral rule violators. This relationship between need for structure and punishment was not driven by political conservatism. Three experimental studies then tested, and corroborated, our main causal hypotheses: that threats to structure increase punitive judgments for moral rule violators (i.e., a compensatory mechanism; Study 2) and that a lack of punishment for wrongdoing (relative to punishment for wrongdoing) makes the world seem less structured in the moment (Studies 3 and 4). We compare and contrast our structure-based account of moral punishment to other theories and findings across the punishment literature.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11211-023-00416-8}, Key = {fds371676} } @article{fds373580, Author = {Tang, S and Shepherd, S and Kay, AC}, Title = {Morality's role in the Black Sheep Effect: When and why ingroup members are judged more harshly than outgroup members for the same transgression}, Journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, Volume = {53}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1605-1622}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3001}, Abstract = {When and why might someone judge an ingroup transgressor more harshly than an outgroup transgressor? Taking a social functionalist perspective, we argue that morality is central to this phenomenon–the Black Sheep Effect–and that it is driven by social cohesion concerns. Using mediation and moderation methods across our studies, we find that people judge ingroup (vs. outgroup) transgressors more harshly because of concerns regarding ingroup social cohesion (Studies 1a–4). We also find that ingroup derogation is stronger for moral transgressions than weak or non-moral transgressions (Studies 2 and 3). Throughout our studies, we address alternative explanations, including moral relativism, naïve realism, moral parochialism and belief in a just world. Our work speaks to the emerging contention around the reliability of the Black Sheep Effect by noting when and why it surfaces.}, Doi = {10.1002/ejsp.3001}, Key = {fds373580} } @article{fds374444, Author = {Mukhtar, F and Feuer, E and Beynel, L and Jones, E and Regenold, WT and Lisanby, SH}, Title = {Distinguishing Convulsive Syncope From Seizure Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Case Report.}, Journal = {J Ect}, Volume = {39}, Number = {4}, Pages = {271-273}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000000959}, Abstract = {Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is Food and Drug Administration cleared for clinical use in treatment-resistant depression and a growing list of other disorders. The clinical uptake of rTMS has been facilitated by its relatively benign adverse-effect profile compared with other treatment modalities. Seizure is a rare but serious adverse event that has been reported with rTMS, when dosage exceeds safety guidelines or in individuals at increased risk for seizure. Fortunately, most rTMS-induced seizures are typically transient, with no adverse sequelae, but they may lead to treatment discontinuation. Seizure is not the only cause of loss of conscious and abnormal movements induced by rTMS. Convulsive syncope, a more common adverse event that involves loss of consciousness associated with myoclonic movements, can be difficult to differentiate from an rTMS-induced seizure. We report the case of a 52-year-old man with no known seizure risk factors, enrolled in an institutional review board-approved research study who developed what appeared to be a convulsive syncopal episode lasting 10 to 15 seconds during day 2 of a 30-day rTMS protocol (10 Hz, 120% of motor threshold, 4-second pulse train, 26-second intertrain interval, 3000 pulses per session), with no adverse sequelae. The patient's history, screening, physical examination, pertinent laboratory, neurology consult, electroencephalogram, and imaging findings are discussed. This case demonstrates that distinguishing between convulsive syncope and rTMS-induced seizure can be a diagnostic challenge. Clinicians and researchers delivering rTMS should be familiar with the risk factors for rTMS-induced seizures and rTMS-induced convulsive syncope, to screen for predisposing factors and to manage these rare adverse events if they occur.}, Doi = {10.1097/YCT.0000000000000959}, Key = {fds374444} } @article{fds373397, Author = {Jaguga, F and Ott, MA and Kwobah, EK and Apondi, E and Giusto, A and Barasa, J and Kosgei, G and Rono, W and Korir, M and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Adapting a substance use screening and brief intervention for peer-delivery and for youth in Kenya.}, Journal = {Ssm. Mental Health}, Volume = {4}, Pages = {100254}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100254}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Substance use is a major problem among youth in sub-Saharan Africa, yet interventions that address this problem are scarce within the region. Screening and brief intervention is a cost-effective, efficacious, and easy to scale public health approach to addressing substance use problems. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a peer delivered screening and brief intervention program for youth in Kenya. The goal of this paper is to report on the process of adapting the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test for Youth- linked Brief Intervention (ASSIST-Y-linked BI) program for peer delivery and for the Kenyan context prior to the pilot.<h4>Methods</h4>The adaptation process was led by a multi-disciplinary team comprised of psychiatrists, pediatricians, and psychologists. We utilized the ADAPT-ITT framework to adapt the ASSIST-Y-linked BI. The ADAPT-ITT framework consists of 8 phases including Assessment, Decision making, Adaptation, Production, Topical Experts, Integration, Training, and Testing the evidence-based intervention. Here, we report on phases 1-7 of the framework. The results of the pilot testing have been published elsewhere.<h4>Results</h4>Overall, we made surface level adaptations to the ASSIST-Y-linked BI program such as simplifying the language to enhance understandability. We maintained the core components of the program i.e., Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu of Options, Empathy, Self-efficacy (FRAMES).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our paper provides information which other stakeholders planning to implement the ASSIST-Y-linked BI for youth in sub-Saharan Africa, could use to adapt the intervention.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100254}, Key = {fds373397} } @article{fds373964, Author = {Gu, Z and Dawson, G and Engelhard, M}, Title = {Sex differences in the age of childhood autism diagnosis and the impact of co-occurring conditions.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {16}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2391-2402}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3043}, Abstract = {Sex differences in the age of autism diagnosis during childhood have been documented consistently but remain poorly understood. In this study, we used electronic health records data from a diverse, academic medical center to quantify differences in the age of autism diagnosis between boys and girls and identify associations between the age of diagnosis and co-occurring neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and medical conditions. An established computable phenotype was used to identify all autism diagnoses within the Duke University Health System between 2014 and 2021. Co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses as well as visits to specific medical and supportive services were identified in the 2 years prior to the autism diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to quantify associations between diagnosis age and sex with and without controlling for the presence of each co-occurring diagnosis and visit type. Records from 1438 individuals (1142 boys and 296 girls) were included. Girls were more likely to be diagnosed either before age 3 ( χ 2 = 497.720, p < 0.001) or after age 11 ( χ 2 = 4.014, p = 0.047), whereas boys were more likely to be diagnosed between ages 3 and 11 ( χ 2 = 5.532, p = 0.019). Visits for anxiety ( χ 2 = 4.200, p = 0.040) and mood disorders ( χ 2 = 7.033, p = 0.008) were more common in girls and associated with later autism diagnosis (HR = 0.615, p < 0.001; and HR = 0.493, p < 0.001). Visits for otolaryngology were more common in boys and associated with an earlier autism diagnosis (HR = 1.691, p < 0.001). After controlling for these conditions, associations between sex and diagnosis age were reduced and not statistically significant. These results show that the age of autism diagnosis differs in girls compared to boys, but these differences were neutralized when controlling for co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions prior to autism diagnosis. Understanding sex differences and the possible mediating role of other diagnoses may suggest targets for intervention to promote earlier and more equitable diagnosis.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.3043}, Key = {fds373964} } @article{fds373687, Author = {Meylan, SC and Foushee, R and Wong, NH and Bergelson, E and Levy, RP}, Title = {How adults understand what young children say.}, Journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, Volume = {7}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2111-2125}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01698-3}, Abstract = {Children's early speech often bears little resemblance to that of adults, and yet parents and other caregivers are able to interpret that speech and react accordingly. Here we investigate how adult listeners' inferences reflect sophisticated beliefs about what children are trying to communicate, as well as how children are likely to pronounce words. Using a Bayesian framework for modelling spoken word recognition, we find that computational models can replicate adult interpretations of children's speech only when they include strong, context-specific prior expectations about the messages that children will want to communicate. This points to a critical role of adult cognitive processes in supporting early communication and reveals how children can actively prompt adults to take actions on their behalf even when they have only a nascent understanding of the adult language. We discuss the wide-ranging implications of the powerful listening capabilities of adults for theories of first language acquisition.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41562-023-01698-3}, Key = {fds373687} } @article{fds374572, Author = {Bergelson, E and Soderstrom, M and Schwarz, I-C and Rowland, CF and Ramírez-Esparza, N and R Hamrick and L and Marklund, E and Kalashnikova, M and Guez, A and Casillas, M and Benetti, L and Alphen, PV and Cristia, A}, Title = {Everyday language input and production in 1,001 children from six continents.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {120}, Number = {52}, Pages = {e2300671120}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300671120}, Abstract = {Language is a universal human ability, acquired readily by young children, who otherwise struggle with many basics of survival. And yet, language ability is variable across individuals. Naturalistic and experimental observations suggest that children's linguistic skills vary with factors like socioeconomic status and children's gender. But which factors really influence children's day-to-day language use? Here, we leverage speech technology in a big-data approach to report on a unique cross-cultural and diverse data set: >2,500 d-long, child-centered audio-recordings of 1,001 2- to 48-mo-olds from 12 countries spanning six continents across urban, farmer-forager, and subsistence-farming contexts. As expected, age and language-relevant clinical risks and diagnoses predicted how much speech (and speech-like vocalization) children produced. Critically, so too did adult talk in children's environments: Children who heard more talk from adults produced more speech. In contrast to previous conclusions based on more limited sampling methods and a different set of language proxies, socioeconomic status (operationalized as maternal education) was not significantly associated with children's productions over the first 4 y of life, and neither were gender or multilingualism. These findings from large-scale naturalistic data advance our understanding of which factors are robust predictors of variability in the speech behaviors of young learners in a wide range of everyday contexts.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2300671120}, Key = {fds374572} } @article{fds374236, Author = {Tomasello, M}, Title = {Differences in the Social Motivations and Emotions of Humans and Other Great Apes.}, Journal = {Human Nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)}, Volume = {34}, Number = {4}, Pages = {588-604}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0}, Abstract = {Humans share with other mammals and primates many social motivations and emotions, but they are also much more cooperative than even their closest primate relatives. Here I review recent comparative experiments and analyses that illustrate humans' species-typical social motivations and emotions for cooperation in comparison with those of other great apes. These may be classified most generally as (i) 'you > me' (e.g., prosocial sympathy, informative and pedagogical motives in communication); (ii) 'you = me' (e.g., feelings of mutual respect, fairness, resentment); (iii) 'we > me' (e.g., feelings of obligation and guilt); and (iv) 'WE (in the group) > me' (e.g., in-group loyalty and conformity to norms, shame, and many in-group biases). The existence of these species-typical and species-universal motivations and emotions provides compelling evidence for the importance of cooperative activities in the human species.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0}, Key = {fds374236} } @article{fds374400, Author = {Vasil, J and Price, D and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Thought and language: Effects of group-mindedness on young children's interpretation of exclusive we.}, Journal = {Child Development}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14049}, Abstract = {The current study investigated whether age-related changes in the conceptualization of social groups influences interpretation of the pronoun we. Sixty-four 2- and 4-year-olds (N = 29 female, 50 White-identifying) viewed scenarios in which it was ambiguous how many puppets performed an activity together. When asked who performed the activity, a speaker puppet responded, "We did!" In one condition, the speaker was near one and distant from another puppet, implying a dyadic interpretation of we. In another condition, the speaker was distant from both, thus pulling for a group interpretation. In the former condition, 2- and 4-year-olds favored the dyadic interpretation. In the latter condition, only 4-year-olds favored the group interpretation. Age-related conceptual development "expands" the set of conceivable plural person referents.}, Doi = {10.1111/cdev.14049}, Key = {fds374400} } @article{fds374402, Author = {Castrellon, JJ and Zald, DH and Samanez-Larkin, GR and Seaman, KL}, Title = {Adult age-related differences in susceptibility to social conformity pressures in self-control over daily desires.}, Journal = {Psychology and Aging}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000790}, Abstract = {Developmental literature suggests that susceptibility to social conformity pressure peaks in adolescence and disappears with maturity into early adulthood. Predictions about these behaviors are less clear for middle-aged and older adults. On the one hand, while age-related increases in prioritization of socioemotional goals might predict greater susceptibility to social conformity pressures, aging is also associated with enhanced emotion regulation that could support resistance to conformity pressures. In this exploratory research study, we used mobile experience sampling surveys to naturalistically track how 157 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 80 practice self-control over spontaneous desires in daily life. Many of these desires were experienced in the presence of others enacting that desire. Results showed that middle-aged and older adults were better at controlling their desires than younger adults when desires were experienced in the presence of others enacting that desire. Consistent with the literature on improved emotion regulation with age, these results provide evidence that the ability to resist social conformity pressure is enhanced across the adult life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pag0000790}, Key = {fds374402} } @article{fds374967, Author = {Bagdasarov, A and Roberts, K and Brunet, D and Michel, CM and Gaffrey, MS}, Title = {Exploring the Association Between EEG Microstates During Resting-State and Error-Related Activity in Young Children.}, Journal = {Brain Topography}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-023-01030-2}, Abstract = {The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the electroencephalography (EEG) waveform at frontal-central scalp sites that occurs after error commission. The relationship between the ERN and broader patterns of brain activity measured across the entire scalp that support error processing during early childhood is unclear. We examined the relationship between the ERN and EEG microstates - whole-brain patterns of dynamically evolving scalp potential topographies that reflect periods of synchronized neural activity - during both a go/no-go task and resting-state in 90, 4-8-year-old children. The mean amplitude of the ERN was quantified during the -64 to 108 millisecond (ms) period of time relative to error commission, which was determined by data-driven microstate segmentation of error-related activity. We found that greater magnitude of the ERN associated with greater global explained variance (GEV; i.e., the percentage of total variance in the data explained by a given microstate) of an error-related microstate observed during the same -64 to 108 ms period (i.e., error-related microstate 3), and to greater anxiety risk as measured by parent-reported behavioral inhibition. During resting-state, six data-driven microstates were identified. Both greater magnitude of the ERN and greater GEV values of error-related microstate 3 associated with greater GEV values of resting-state microstate 4, which showed a frontal-central scalp topography. Source localization results revealed overlap between the underlying neural generators of error-related microstate 3 and resting-state microstate 4 and canonical brain networks (e.g., ventral attention) known to support the higher-order cognitive processes involved in error processing. Taken together, our results clarify how individual differences in error-related and intrinsic brain activity are related and enhance our understanding of developing brain network function and organization supporting error processing during early childhood.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10548-023-01030-2}, Key = {fds374967} } @article{fds369152, Author = {Harrell, A and Wolff, T}, Title = {Cooperation in Networked Collective-Action Groups: Information Access and Norm Enforcement in Groups of Different Sizes}, Journal = {Social Psychology Quarterly}, Volume = {86}, Number = {4}, Pages = {476-496}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01902725221132517}, Abstract = {Norms, typically enforced via sanctions, are key to resolving collective-action problems. But it is often impossible to know what each individual member is contributing to group efforts and enforce cooperation accordingly. Especially as group size increases, people commonly have access to the behaviors of—and can sanction—only those to whom they are tied in a broader network. Here we integrate two streams of research: one conceptualizing ties in networked collective-action groups as access to information about what others are doing and a second where ties represent information plus opportunities to enforce cooperation via punishment. While both have pointed to the cooperation benefits of more ties in the network, we argue that these benefits will depend on group size and whether ties provide access to information about what others are doing or whether they also entail opportunities for norm enforcement. Our experiment demonstrates that densely tied information networks facilitate cooperation but only when the group size is small. When people can also enforce their ties’ cooperation, however, densely tied networks particularly benefit larger groups. The results demonstrate how network-level properties and individual-level tie patterns intersect to promote contributions in small and large collective-action groups.}, Doi = {10.1177/01902725221132517}, Key = {fds369152} } @article{fds375516, Author = {Harrell, A and Wolff, T}, Title = {Information-sharing and cooperation in networked collective action groups}, Journal = {Pnas Nexus}, Volume = {2}, Number = {12}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad399}, Abstract = {When people provide for large-scale public goods, they often do not know what each individual group member is contributing. Instead, they commonly have access to the behaviors of their ties, in a broader network of others whose decisions are unknown. But network ties also serve as channels of communication, allowing behaviors to reach a larger audience. Here, we ask how public good production is affected in networks when people can share information about their ties' behaviors with their other connections-and what behaviors they tend to share. We predict that networked collective action groups demonstrate higher levels of cooperation when their members can share information about their ties' decisions with their other connections, compared with when they cannot. Informed by prior work, we consider two pathways by which information-sharing opportunities might shape cooperation in networked collective action groups: (i) as a means of coordinating one's own decisions with those of the larger group, including those to whom one is not directly tied, and (ii) as a reminder of possible reputational consequences for selfishness. Across two exploratory experiments (combined n = 7,014 contribution decisions, 49 groups), we demonstrate that opportunities to share information about others' decisions promote public good production. The benefits occur even though people tend to share information about relatively selfish behaviors that, at first blush, might seem detrimental to cooperation. Our results build on prior work by showing that information-sharing prevents selfishness from becoming contagious by raising reputational concerns.}, Doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad399}, Key = {fds375516} } @article{fds372411, Author = {Knettel, BA and Oliver-Steinberg, A and Lee, MJ and Rubesin, H and Duke, NN and Esmaili, E and Puffer, E}, Title = {Clinician and academic perspectives on expressive arts therapy for refugee children and families: a qualitative study}, Journal = {International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care}, Volume = {19}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {260-272}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-11-2021-0110}, Abstract = {Purpose: The refugee journey is fraught with challenges before, during and after resettlement. There is a critical need for mental health support upon arrival, and refugees face language, cultural and logistical barriers. Arts-based therapies are a promising approach to mitigating such barriers. The purpose of this study was to elicit professional stakeholder perspectives on mental health challenges among refugees, the value of arts-based programs and future directions. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted three 90-min focus groups with 19 professional stakeholders in North Carolina, USA. This included mental health professionals, professors and community services/resettlement workers. Participants were identified from professional networks and snowball sampling. Each group was held by videoconference, audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed through a team-based approach using applied thematic qualitative analysis. Findings: Interviewees described a need for targeted, culturally compatible mental health services for refugee families, including trauma-informed, family-focused services with language interpretation. Arts-based therapies were viewed as highly acceptable and culturally responsive approaches for understanding distress and building resilience and less stigmatizing than traditional mental health services. Services in schools and community settings would further reduce stigma and minimize logistical barriers. Participants identified needing strong, culturally sensitive assessment tools to measure treatment progress as a key future direction. Originality/value: The study offers novel insights into the value of arts-based approaches and considerations for program development. The next phase of the project will obtain the perspectives of refugee parents and children to understand client preferences for arts-based therapies.}, Doi = {10.1108/IJMHSC-11-2021-0110}, Key = {fds372411} } @article{fds373426, Author = {Madden, DJ and Merenstein, JL}, Title = {Quantitative susceptibility mapping of brain iron in healthy aging and cognition.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {282}, Pages = {120401}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120401}, Abstract = {Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can assess the magnetic properties of cerebral iron in vivo. Although brain iron is necessary for basic neurobiological functions, excess iron content disrupts homeostasis, leads to oxidative stress, and ultimately contributes to neurodegenerative disease. However, some degree of elevated brain iron is present even among healthy older adults. To better understand the topographical pattern of iron accumulation and its relation to cognitive aging, we conducted an integrative review of 47 QSM studies of healthy aging, with a focus on five distinct themes. The first two themes focused on age-related increases in iron accumulation in deep gray matter nuclei versus the cortex. The overall level of iron is higher in deep gray matter nuclei than in cortical regions. Deep gray matter nuclei vary with regard to age-related effects, which are most prominent in the putamen, and age-related deposition of iron is also observed in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions during healthy aging. The third theme focused on the behavioral relevance of iron content and indicated that higher iron in both deep gray matter and cortical regions was related to decline in fluid (speed-dependent) cognition. A handful of multimodal studies, reviewed in the fourth theme, suggest that iron interacts with imaging measures of brain function, white matter degradation, and the accumulation of neuropathologies. The final theme concerning modifiers of brain iron pointed to potential roles of cardiovascular, dietary, and genetic factors. Although QSM is a relatively recent tool for assessing cerebral iron accumulation, it has significant promise for contributing new insights into healthy neurocognitive aging.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120401}, Key = {fds373426} } @article{fds373636, Author = {Ulmer, CS and Taylor, KA and Campbell, AA and Sherwood, A and Wu, JQ and Beckham, JC and Hoerle, JM and Augustine, AV and VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC}, Title = {Response to letter to the editor: sleep breathing at the intersection of nightmares and cardiovascular risk.}, Journal = {Sleep}, Volume = {46}, Number = {11}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad221}, Doi = {10.1093/sleep/zsad221}, Key = {fds373636} } @article{fds373921, Author = {Fleischer, NJ and Gosch, E and Roberts, MB and Albano, AM and Ginsburg, G and Piacentini, J and Birmaher, B and Compton, SN and Walkup, J and Kendall, PC and Carper, MM}, Title = {Asthma and anxiety in children and adolescents: characteristics and treatment outcomes.}, Journal = {J Asthma}, Pages = {1-9}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2023.2280906}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study (a) examined anxious youth with and without asthma on measures of negative self-talk, parental psychopathology, worry content, physical symptoms, panic symptoms, generalized symptoms, and separation anxiety symptoms, and (b) tested if outpatient CBT or medication were differentially effective in reducing anxiety for youth with asthma and anxiety. METHODS: This secondary analysis separated youth with an anxiety disorder into asthma and non-asthma groups. Youth were also compared on response to treatments (i.e. CBT, sertraline, combined, and placebo). RESULTS: A total of 488 participants participated in the original study, with an average age of 10 years (SD 2.87). Youth with comorbid asthma and anxiety demonstrated higher rates of negative self-talk. Youth with comorbid asthma and anxiety did not differ from the non-asthma group on measures of physical symptoms, anxiety disorder specific symptoms, parental psychopathology, or worry content. Youth with asthma and anxiety responded similarly to the non-asthma group to treatment across treatment conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment was comparably effective for youth with comorbid asthma and anxiety and youth with anxiety. Future research could examine the effects of psychopharmaceuticals on asthma and anxiety comorbidity.}, Doi = {10.1080/02770903.2023.2280906}, Key = {fds373921} } @book{fds373559, Author = {Yin, HH}, Title = {The integrative functions of the basal ganglia}, Pages = {1-319}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, ISBN = {9781498768696}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429154461}, Abstract = {This volume is the first comprehensive and single-authored book on the functions of the basal ganglia. The goal is to provide a new synthesis of diverse areas of research on the basal ganglia, from cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity to neural circuit mechanisms underlying behavior. A global theory of basal ganglia function incorporating research from the last 40 years is presented. I hope to explain for the first time how the basal ganglia generate behavior, how they contribute to learning and memory, and how impairments in basal ganglia function can lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Features: • The only single-authored book on the basal ganglia with coverage of the latest literature • Spans multiple levels of analysis, from cellular physiology to behavior • Includes coverage of clinical symptoms, encompassing neuropsychology, movement disorders, and psychiatric disorders • Discusses the role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory.}, Doi = {10.1201/9780429154461}, Key = {fds373559} } @article{fds375375, Author = {Lansford, JE and Kerry, N and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Junla, D and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Rothenberg, WA and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Steinberg, L and Uribe Tirado and LM and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP}, Title = {Development of Primal World Beliefs}, Journal = {Human Development}, Pages = {1-10}, Publisher = {S. Karger AG}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000534964}, Abstract = {<jats:p>Primal world beliefs (“primals”) capture individuals’ basic understanding of what sort of world this is. How do children develop beliefs about the nature of the world? Is the world a good place? Safe or dangerous? Enticing or dull? Primals were initially introduced in social and personality psychology to understand beliefs about the world as a whole that may influence well-being and personality. This article introduces the concept of primals to developmental scientists and reviews preliminary research examining how primals relate to sociodemographic and well-being indicators. The article then situates the concept of primals in some classic developmental theories to illustrate testable hypotheses these theories suggest regarding how primals develop. Understanding how individuals develop basic beliefs about the nature of the world deepens insights into the human experience, including how malleable these beliefs might be and how they may be influenced by, and in turn influence, other domains of development. </jats:p>}, Doi = {10.1159/000534964}, Key = {fds375375} } @article{fds374396, Author = {Musci, RJ and Kush, JM and Masyn, KE and Esmaeili, MA and Susukida, R and Goulter, N and McMahon, R and Eddy, JM and Ialongo, NS and Tolan, P and Godwin, J and Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group6, and Wilcox, HC}, Title = {Psychosis Symptom Trajectories Across Childhood and Adolescence in Three Longitudinal Studies: An Integrative Data Analysis with Mixture Modeling.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1636-1647}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01581-7}, Abstract = {Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are common throughout childhood, and the presence of these experiences is a significant risk factor for poor mental health later in development. Given the association of PLEs with a broad number of mental health diagnoses, these experiences serve as an important malleable target for early preventive interventions. However, little is known about these experiences across childhood. While these experiences may be common, longitudinal measurement in non-clinical settings is not. Therefore, in order to explore longitudinal trajectories of PLEs in childhood, we harmonized three school-based randomized control trials with longitudinal follow-up to identify heterogeneity in trajectories of these experiences. In an integrative data analysis (IDA) using growth mixture modeling, we identified three latent trajectory classes. One trajectory class was characterized by persistent PLEs, one was characterized by high initial probabilities but improving across the analytic period, and one was characterized by no reports of PLEs. Compared to the class without PLEs, those in the improving class were more likely to be male and have higher levels of aggressive and disruptive behavior at baseline. In addition to the substantive impact this work has on PLE research, we also discuss the methodological innovation as it relates to IDA. This IDA demonstrates the complexity of pooling data across multiple studies to estimate longitudinal mixture models.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-023-01581-7}, Key = {fds374396} } @article{fds374274, Author = {Naspi, L and Stensholt, C and Karlsson, AE and Monge, ZA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of Aging on Successful Object Encoding: Enhanced Semantic Representations Compensate for Impaired Visual Representations.}, Journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {43}, Number = {44}, Pages = {7337-7350}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2265-22.2023}, Abstract = {Although episodic memory and visual processing decline substantially with healthy aging, semantic knowledge is generally spared. There is evidence that older adults' spared semantic knowledge can support episodic memory. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with representational similarity analyses (RSAs) to examine how novel visual and preexisting semantic representations at encoding predict subjective memory vividness at retrieval. Eighteen young and seventeen older adults (female and male participants) encoded images of objects during fMRI scanning and recalled these images while rating the vividness of their memories. After scanning, participants discriminated between studied images and similar lures. RSA based on a deep convolutional neural network and normative concept feature data were used to link patterns of neural activity during encoding to visual and semantic representations. Relative to young adults, the specificity of activation patterns for visual features was reduced in older adults, consistent with dedifferentiation. However, the specificity of activation patterns for semantic features was enhanced in older adults, consistent with hyperdifferentiation. Despite dedifferentiation, visual representations in early visual cortex (EVC) predicted high memory vividness in both age groups. In contrast, semantic representations in lingual gyrus (LG) and fusiform gyrus (FG) were associated with high memory vividness only in the older adults. Intriguingly, data suggests that older adults with lower specificity of visual representations in combination with higher specificity of semantic representations tended to rate their memories as more vivid. Our findings suggest that memory vividness in aging relies more on semantic representations over anterior regions, potentially compensating for age-related dedifferentiation of visual information in posterior regions.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Normal aging is associated with impaired memory for events while semantic knowledge might even improve. We investigated the effects of aging on the specificity of visual and semantic information in the brain when viewing common objects and how this information enables subsequent memory vividness for these objects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with modeling of the stimuli we found that visual information was represented with less specificity in older than young adults while still supporting memory vividness. In contrast semantic information supported memory vividness only in older adults and especially in those individuals that had the lowest specificity of visual information. These findings provide evidence for a spared semantic memory system increasingly recruited to compensate for degraded visual representations in older age.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.2265-22.2023}, Key = {fds374274} } @article{fds367262, Author = {Faul, L and LaBar, KS}, Title = {Mood-congruent memory revisited.}, Journal = {Psychological Review}, Volume = {130}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1421-1456}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rev0000394}, Abstract = {Affective experiences are commonly represented by either transient emotional reactions to discrete events or longer term, sustained mood states that are characterized by a more diffuse and global nature. While both have considerable influence in shaping memory, their interaction can produce mood-congruent memory (MCM), a psychological phenomenon where emotional memory is biased toward content affectively congruent with a past or current mood. The study of MCM has direct implications for understanding how memory biases form in daily life, as well as debilitating negative memory schemas that contribute to mood disorders such as depression. To elucidate the factors that influence the presence and strength of MCM, here we systematically review the literature for studies that assessed MCM by inducing mood in healthy participants. We observe that MCM is often reported as enhanced accuracy for previously encoded mood-congruent content or preferential recall for mood-congruent autobiographical events, but may also manifest as false memory for mood-congruent lures. We discuss the relevant conditions that shape these effects, as well as instances of mood-incongruent recall that facilitate mood repair. Further, we provide guiding methodological and theoretical considerations, emphasizing the limited neuroimaging research in this area and the need for a renewed focus on memory consolidation. Accordingly, we propose a theoretical framework for studying the neural basis of MCM based on the neurobiological underpinnings of mood and emotion. In doing so, we review evidence for associative network models of spreading activation, while also considering alternative models informed by the cognitive neuroscience literature of emotional memory bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/rev0000394}, Key = {fds367262} } @article{fds374184, Author = {Buchanan, CM and Glatz, T and Selçuk, Ş and Skinner, AT and Lansford, JE and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Sorbring, E and Tapanya, S and Steinberg, L and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP}, Title = {Developmental Trajectories of Parental Self-Efficacy as Children Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries: Latent Growth Curve Analyses.}, Journal = {Journal of Youth and Adolescence}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01899-z}, Abstract = {Little is known about the developmental trajectories of parental self-efficacy as children transition into adolescence. This study examined parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers over 3 1/2 years representing this transition, and whether the level and developmental trajectory of parental self-efficacy varied by cultural group. Data were drawn from three waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 1178 mothers and 1041 fathers of children who averaged 9.72 years of age at T1 (51.2% girls). Parents were from nine countries (12 ethnic/cultural groups), which were categorized into those with a predominant collectivistic (i.e., China, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Colombia, and Jordan) or individualistic (i.e., Italy, Sweden, and USA) cultural orientation based on Hofstede's Individualism Index (Hofstede Insights, 2021). Latent growth curve analyses supported the hypothesis that parental self-efficacy would decline as children transition into adolescence only for parents from more individualistic countries; parental self-efficacy increased over the same years among parents from more collectivistic countries. Secondary exploratory analyses showed that some demographic characteristics predicted the level and trajectory of parental self-efficacy differently for parents in more individualistic and more collectivistic countries. Results suggest that declines in parental self-efficacy documented in previous research are culturally influenced.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10964-023-01899-z}, Key = {fds374184} } @article{fds374379, Author = {Musci, RJ and Kush, JM and Masyn, KE and Esmaeili, MA and Susukida, R and Goulter, N and McMahon, R and Eddy, JM and Ialongo, NS and Tolan, P and Godwin, J and Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group6, and Wilcox, HC}, Title = {Psychosis Symptom Trajectories Across Childhood and Adolescence in Three Longitudinal Studies: An Integrative Data Analysis with Mixture Modeling.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1636-1647}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01581-7}, Abstract = {Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are common throughout childhood, and the presence of these experiences is a significant risk factor for poor mental health later in development. Given the association of PLEs with a broad number of mental health diagnoses, these experiences serve as an important malleable target for early preventive interventions. However, little is known about these experiences across childhood. While these experiences may be common, longitudinal measurement in non-clinical settings is not. Therefore, in order to explore longitudinal trajectories of PLEs in childhood, we harmonized three school-based randomized control trials with longitudinal follow-up to identify heterogeneity in trajectories of these experiences. In an integrative data analysis (IDA) using growth mixture modeling, we identified three latent trajectory classes. One trajectory class was characterized by persistent PLEs, one was characterized by high initial probabilities but improving across the analytic period, and one was characterized by no reports of PLEs. Compared to the class without PLEs, those in the improving class were more likely to be male and have higher levels of aggressive and disruptive behavior at baseline. In addition to the substantive impact this work has on PLE research, we also discuss the methodological innovation as it relates to IDA. This IDA demonstrates the complexity of pooling data across multiple studies to estimate longitudinal mixture models.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-023-01581-7}, Key = {fds374379} } @article{fds372009, Author = {Rubenstein, D and McClernon, FJ and Powers, JM and Aston, ER and Keefe, FJ and Sweitzer, MM}, Title = {Pain is associated with exclusive use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis: Findings from Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.}, Journal = {Addict Behav}, Volume = {146}, Pages = {107814}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107814}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Rates of tobacco and cannabis use are disproportionately high among individuals with pain, and evidence suggests that pain may engender greater likelihood of substance co-use, yielding additive risk. This study examined national associations of pain with past-month tobacco use, cannabis use, and co-use of tobacco and cannabis. METHODS: Data came from a nationally representative US sample of adults in Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (N = 32,014). The sample included civilian, non-institutionalized people who use tobacco and people who do not use tobacco. Past-week pain intensity (0-10) was dichotomized (0-4 no/low pain; 5-10 moderate/severe pain). Multinomial models adjusted for demographics examined substance use category membership (no tobacco or cannabis use, exclusive cannabis use, exclusive tobacco use, co-use) as a function of pain status. RESULTS: Moderate/severe pain was associated with increased relative risk of exclusive tobacco use (RRR [CI] 2.26 [2.05, 2.49], p <.001), exclusive cannabis use (1.49 [1.22, 1.82], p <.001), and co-use of tobacco and cannabis (2.79 [2.51, 3.10], p <.001), in comparison to no tobacco or cannabis use. Additionally, moderate/severe pain was associated with increased risk of co-use compared to exclusive tobacco use (1.23 [1.11, 1.37], p <.001) and exclusive cannabis use (1.88 [1.54, 2.29], p <.001). DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that not only is pain independently associated with greater risk of exclusively using tobacco or cannabis, but pain is also associated with heightened risk of co-using both products. Future work should examine the dynamic and potentially bidirectional relationships between pain and use of cannabis and tobacco.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107814}, Key = {fds372009} } @article{fds373697, Author = {Basbaum, AI and Jensen, TS and Keefe, FJ}, Title = {Fifty years of pain research and clinical advances: highlights and key trends.}, Journal = {Pain}, Volume = {164}, Number = {11S}, Pages = {S11-S15}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003058}, Abstract = {This article highlights advances in basic science preclinical pain research, clinical research, and psychological research occurring over the 50 years since the International Association for the Study of Pain was founded. It presents important findings and key trends in these 3 areas of pain science: basic science preclinical research, clinical research, and psychological research.}, Doi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003058}, Key = {fds373697} } @article{fds374232, Author = {Lovich, SN and King, CD and Murphy, DLK and Landrum, RE and Shera, CA and Groh, JM}, Title = {Parametric information about eye movements is sent to the ears.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {120}, Number = {48}, Pages = {e2303562120}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303562120}, Abstract = {Eye movements alter the relationship between the visual and auditory spatial scenes. Signals related to eye movements affect neural pathways from the ear through auditory cortex and beyond, but how these signals contribute to computing the locations of sounds with respect to the visual scene is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the information contained in eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs), pressure changes recorded in the ear canal that occur in conjunction with simultaneous eye movements. We show that EMREOs contain parametric information about horizontal and vertical eye displacement as well as initial/final eye position with respect to the head. The parametric information in the horizontal and vertical directions can be modeled as combining linearly, allowing accurate prediction of the EMREOs associated with oblique (diagonal) eye movements. Target location can also be inferred from the EMREO signals recorded during eye movements to those targets. We hypothesize that the (currently unknown) mechanism underlying EMREOs could impose a two-dimensional eye-movement-related transfer function on any incoming sound, permitting subsequent processing stages to compute the positions of sounds in relation to the visual scene.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2303562120}, Key = {fds374232} } @article{fds372850, Author = {Appleyard Carmody and K and Murray, KJ and Williams, B and Frost, A and Coleman, C and Sullivan, K}, Title = {Enhancing early parenting in the community: Preliminary results from a learning collaborative approach to scale up Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up.}, Journal = {Infant Ment Health J}, Volume = {44}, Number = {6}, Pages = {752-766}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.22081}, Abstract = {Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) is a promising home-visiting intervention promoting sensitive caregiving and secure parent-child attachment in families with young children. The goal of this study was to examine a learning collaborative approach to disseminating ABC in a community setting. Training outcomes (e.g., trainee completion, satisfaction, effectiveness of training methods) and intervention outcomes (e.g., parent behavior, parent beliefs, child socioemotional development) were examined. Eighteen practitioners participated in the ABC learning collaborative; 13 completed training. Quantitative and qualitative measures indicated that trainees were satisfied with their experience and valued the unique collaboration opportunities offered by the learning collaborative. In addition, trainees served 67 families in the community, 37 of whom completed all sessions of ABC. The study was conducted in the United States. Racial demographics of the children in the sample included: 56.7% White, 22.4% Black/African-American, 17.9% Bi- or Multi-racial, and 3.0% unknown. Regarding ethnicity, 80.6% were Non-Hispanic/Latino, 10.4% were Hispanic/Latino, and 9.0% were unknown. Caregivers who completed ABC showed more sensitive parenting behavior and reported positive changes in their perceived self-efficacy and their beliefs around infant crying. Children who received ABC showed increased socioemotional functioning. Results demonstrate successful dissemination of ABC in the community using a learning collaborative approach.}, Doi = {10.1002/imhj.22081}, Key = {fds372850} } @article{fds371652, Author = {Røysamb, E and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Ystrøm, E and Nes, RB}, Title = {Worldwide Well-Being: Simulated Twins Reveal Genetic and (Hidden) Environmental Influences.}, Journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Volume = {18}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1562-1574}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231178716}, Abstract = {What are the major sources of worldwide variability in subjective well-being (SWB)? Twin and family studies of SWB have found substantial heritability and strong effects from unique environments but virtually no effects from shared environments. However, extant findings are not necessarily valid at the global level. Prior studies have examined within-countries variability but did not take into account mean differences across nations. In this article, we aim to estimate the effects of genetic factors, individual environmental exposures, and shared environments for the global population. We combine a set of knowns from national well-being studies (means and standard deviations) and behavioral-genetic studies (heritability) to model a scenario of twin studies across 157 countries. For each country, we simulate data for a set of twin pairs and pool the data into a global sample. We find a worldwide heritability of 31% to 32% for SWB. Individual environmental factors explain 46% to 52% of the variance (including measurement error), and shared environments account for 16% to 23% of the global variance in SWB. Worldwide, well-being is somewhat less heritable than within nations. In contrast to previous within-countries studies, we find a notable effect of shared environments. This effect is not limited to within families but operates at a national level.}, Doi = {10.1177/17456916231178716}, Key = {fds371652} } @article{fds374320, Author = {Caspi, A and Shireby, G and Mill, J and Moffitt, TE and Sugden, K and Hannon, E}, Title = {Accelerated Pace of Aging in Schizophrenia: Five Case-Control Studies.}, Journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, Pages = {S0006-3223(23)01693-1}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.023}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of developing multiple aging-related diseases, including metabolic, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's and related dementias, leading to the hypothesis that schizophrenia is accompanied by accelerated biological aging. This has been difficult to test because there is no widely accepted measure of biological aging. Epigenetic clocks are promising algorithms that are used to calculate biological age on the basis of information from combined cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) across the genome, but they have yielded inconsistent and often negative results about the association between schizophrenia and accelerated aging. Here, we tested the schizophrenia-aging hypothesis using a DNA methylation measure that is uniquely designed to predict an individual's rate of aging.<h4>Methods</h4>We brought together 5 case-control datasets to calculate DunedinPACE (Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome), a new measure trained on longitudinal data to detect differences between people in their pace of aging over time. Data were available from 1812 psychosis cases (schizophrenia or first-episode psychosis) and 1753 controls. Mean chronological age was 38.9 (SD = 13.6) years.<h4>Results</h4>We observed consistent associations across datasets between schizophrenia and accelerated aging as measured by DunedinPACE. These associations were not attributable to tobacco smoking or clozapine medication.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Schizophrenia is accompanied by accelerated biological aging by midlife. This may explain the wide-ranging risk among people with schizophrenia for developing multiple different age-related physical diseases, including metabolic, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Measures of biological aging could prove valuable for assessing patients' risk for physical and cognitive decline and for evaluating intervention effectiveness.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.023}, Key = {fds374320} } @article{fds371465, Author = {Røysamb, E and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Ystrøm, E and Nes, RB}, Title = {Worldwide Well-Being: Simulated Twins Reveal Genetic and (Hidden) Environmental Influences.}, Journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Volume = {18}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1562-1574}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231178716}, Abstract = {What are the major sources of worldwide variability in subjective well-being (SWB)? Twin and family studies of SWB have found substantial heritability and strong effects from unique environments but virtually no effects from shared environments. However, extant findings are not necessarily valid at the global level. Prior studies have examined within-countries variability but did not take into account mean differences across nations. In this article, we aim to estimate the effects of genetic factors, individual environmental exposures, and shared environments for the global population. We combine a set of knowns from national well-being studies (means and standard deviations) and behavioral-genetic studies (heritability) to model a scenario of twin studies across 157 countries. For each country, we simulate data for a set of twin pairs and pool the data into a global sample. We find a worldwide heritability of 31% to 32% for SWB. Individual environmental factors explain 46% to 52% of the variance (including measurement error), and shared environments account for 16% to 23% of the global variance in SWB. Worldwide, well-being is somewhat less heritable than within nations. In contrast to previous within-countries studies, we find a notable effect of shared environments. This effect is not limited to within families but operates at a national level.}, Doi = {10.1177/17456916231178716}, Key = {fds371465} } @article{fds373926, Author = {Caspi, A and Shireby, G and Mill, J and Moffitt, TE and Sugden, K and Hannon, E}, Title = {Accelerated Pace of Aging in Schizophrenia: Five Case-Control Studies.}, Journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, Pages = {S0006-3223(23)01693-1}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.023}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of developing multiple aging-related diseases, including metabolic, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's and related dementias, leading to the hypothesis that schizophrenia is accompanied by accelerated biological aging. This has been difficult to test because there is no widely accepted measure of biological aging. Epigenetic clocks are promising algorithms that are used to calculate biological age on the basis of information from combined cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) across the genome, but they have yielded inconsistent and often negative results about the association between schizophrenia and accelerated aging. Here, we tested the schizophrenia-aging hypothesis using a DNA methylation measure that is uniquely designed to predict an individual's rate of aging.<h4>Methods</h4>We brought together 5 case-control datasets to calculate DunedinPACE (Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome), a new measure trained on longitudinal data to detect differences between people in their pace of aging over time. Data were available from 1812 psychosis cases (schizophrenia or first-episode psychosis) and 1753 controls. Mean chronological age was 38.9 (SD = 13.6) years.<h4>Results</h4>We observed consistent associations across datasets between schizophrenia and accelerated aging as measured by DunedinPACE. These associations were not attributable to tobacco smoking or clozapine medication.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Schizophrenia is accompanied by accelerated biological aging by midlife. This may explain the wide-ranging risk among people with schizophrenia for developing multiple different age-related physical diseases, including metabolic, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Measures of biological aging could prove valuable for assessing patients' risk for physical and cognitive decline and for evaluating intervention effectiveness.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.023}, Key = {fds373926} } @article{fds368872, Author = {Stanaland, A and Gaither, S and Gassman-Pines, A}, Title = {When Is Masculinity "Fragile"? An Expectancy-Discrepancy-Threat Model of Masculine Identity.}, Journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc}, Volume = {27}, Number = {4}, Pages = {359-377}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10888683221141176}, Abstract = {<h4>Academic abstract</h4>Manhood is a precarious social status. Under perceived gender identity threat, men are disproportionately likely to enact certain stereotype-consistent responses such as aggression to maintain their gender status. Yet less is known regarding individual variation in men's threat responsiveness-that is, the psychological conditions under which one's masculine identity is more or less "fragile." We propose a novel model of masculine identity whereby masculine norm expectancy generates discrepancy within the self to the extent that rigid norms are internalized as obligational (actual-ought discrepancy) versus aspirational (actual-ideal discrepancy), which predict extrinsic versus intrinsic motivations to reduce these discrepancies, respectively. Under threat, then, extrinsic motivations predict externalized responses (e.g., aggression), and intrinsic motivations elicit internalized responses (e.g., anxiety, shame, self-harm). We also consider the conditions under which masculinity may be less fragile-for example, in contexts with less rigid expectations and among men who reject expectations-as pathways to mitigate adverse masculinity threat-related outcomes.<h4>Public abstract</h4>In many cultures, men prove their manhood by engaging in behaviors that harm themselves and others (e.g., violence, sexism, homophobia), particularly people from marginalized groups. Yet less is known about why some men are more likely than others to enact these masculinity-proving behaviors. The goal of our model is to specify certain conditions under which masculinities become "fragile" and elicit these responses when under threat. We start by describing the rigid expectations men experience-for example, that they are strong and tough. We propose that these expectations cause men to experience different forms of discrepancy within themselves that produce corresponding motivations to reduce these discrepancies. Under threat, motivations driven by others' expectations elicit outward attempts to restore masculine status (e.g., aggression), whereas motivations driven by self-ideals cause internalized responses (e.g., shame, self-harm). We conclude by discussing how to reduce these discrepancies, such as mitigating the rigidity of and encouraging men's resistance to masculinity expectations.}, Doi = {10.1177/10888683221141176}, Key = {fds368872} } @article{fds374571, Author = {Friedman, AD and Yin, HH}, Title = {Selective Activation of Subthalamic Nucleus Output Quantitatively Scales Movements.}, Journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {43}, Number = {47}, Pages = {7967-7981}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0734-23.2023}, Abstract = {The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatments of Parkinsonian motor symptoms. According to the dominant model, the STN output can suppress movement by enhancing inhibitory basal ganglia (BG) output via the indirect pathway, and disrupting STN output using DBS can restore movement in Parkinson's patients. But the mechanisms underlying STN DBS remain poorly understood, as previous studies usually relied on electrical stimulation, which cannot selectively target STN output neurons. Here, we selectively stimulated STN projection neurons using optogenetics and quantified behavior in male and female mice using 3D motion capture. STN stimulation resulted in movements with short latencies (10-15 ms). A single pulse of light was sufficient to generate movement, and there was a highly linear relationship between stimulation frequency and kinematic measures. Unilateral stimulation caused movement in the ipsiversive direction (toward the side of stimulation) and quantitatively determined head yaw and head roll, while stimulation of either STN raises the head (pitch). Bilateral stimulation does not cause turning but raised the head twice as high as unilateral stimulation of either STN. Optogenetic stimulation increased the firing rate of STN neurons in a frequency-dependent manner, and the increased firing is responsible for stimulation-induced movements. Finally, stimulation of the STN's projection to the brainstem mesencephalic locomotor region was sufficient to reproduce the behavioral effects of STN stimulation. These results question the common assumption that the STN suppresses movement, and instead suggest that STN output can precisely specify action parameters via direct projections to the brainstem.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Our results question the common assumption that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) suppresses movement, and instead suggest that STN output can precisely specify action parameters via direct projections to the brainstem.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.0734-23.2023}, Key = {fds374571} } @article{fds373871, Author = {Briggs, E and Hanson, R and Klika, JB and LeBlanc, S and Maddux, J and Merritt, D and Palusci, V and Panlilio, CC and Roygardner, D and Schelbe, L and Stormer, B and Valentino, K and Vaughan-Eden, V and Barboza, G}, Title = {Addressing Systemic Racism in the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children Publications.}, Journal = {Child Maltreat}, Volume = {28}, Number = {4}, Pages = {550-555}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775595231191394}, Abstract = {The United States continues to grapple with longstanding policies and systems that have adversely impacted historically marginalized communities who identify (and are racialized) as non-White. These stem from a legacy of structural and systemic racism, and the long-term consequences of sanctioned colonization. This legacy rests upon a field of scholarly research that is similarly fraught with white supremacy. As a field, we must examine the process of producing and publishing the body of evidence that has codified harmful policies and practices. Although racial and ethnic disparities have been discussed for decades in the child welfare and health systems, systemic racism has received comparatively little attention in academic research and journals. In this commentary, the authors detail concrete steps over the coming years that will advance diversity, equity, inclusion and justice through American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children's (APSACs) flagship journal, Child Maltreatment. The journal is committed to anti-racist publication processes, such that the journal pledges to develop procedures, processes, structures, and culture for scholarly research that promotes diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice in all forms.}, Doi = {10.1177/10775595231191394}, Key = {fds373871} } @article{fds373396, Author = {Egner, T}, Title = {Principles of cognitive control over task focus and task switching}, Journal = {Nature Reviews Psychology}, Volume = {2}, Number = {11}, Pages = {702-714}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00234-4}, Abstract = {Adaptive behaviour requires the ability to focus on a task and protect it from distraction (cognitive stability) and to rapidly switch tasks when circumstances change (cognitive flexibility). Burgeoning research literatures have aimed to understand how people achieve task focus and task switch readiness. In this Perspective, I integrate these literatures to derive a cognitive architecture and functional rules underlying the regulation of cognitive stability and flexibility. I propose that task focus and task switch readiness are supported by independent mechanisms. However, I also suggest that the strategic regulation of both mechanisms is governed by shared learning principles: an incremental, online learner that nudges control up or down based on the recent history of task demands (a recency heuristic) and episodic reinstatement when the current context matches a past experience (a recognition heuristic). Finally, I discuss algorithmic and neural implementations of these processes, as well as clinical implications.}, Doi = {10.1038/s44159-023-00234-4}, Key = {fds373396} } @article{fds365454, Author = {Puffer, ES and Finnegan, A and Schenk, K and Langhaug, L and Rusakaniko, S and Choi, Y and Mahaso, S and Simmons, R and Green, EP}, Title = {Comparing fears about paediatric HIV disclosure to the lived experiences of parents and guardians: a prospective cohort study.}, Journal = {Psychology & Health}, Volume = {38}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1587-1605}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2041637}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>We aimed to: (1) follow parents and guardians through the process of paediatric HIV disclosure to understand how often pre-disclosure worries are realised; and (2) estimate the effects of disclosure on child, caregiver, and family well-being.<h4>Design</h4>We conducted a 12-month prospective cohort study in Zimbabwe with 123 primary caregivers of children ages 9 to 15 years who were HIV positive but did not know their serostatus at baseline. By the end of the study period 65 caregivers reported that their child learned his or her HIV-positive status.<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>We used three waves of data to compare caregivers' pre-disclosure worries to post-disclosure reports and to characterise associations between disclosure and well-being of the child (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), caregiver (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and family (Family Relationship Quality) over time.<h4>Results</h4>Caregivers' pre-disclosure worries and fears about how their child would react to disclosure of their HIV status largely went unrealised. Furthermore, we did not find strong evidence of clinically-important increases in problems on average following disclosure.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Findings support the call to identify supportive intervention strategies that address caregiver fears at the beginning of the disclosure process.}, Doi = {10.1080/08870446.2022.2041637}, Key = {fds365454} } @article{fds374235, Author = {Jaguga, F and Kwobah, EK and Giusto, A and Apondi, E and Barasa, J and Korir, M and Rono, W and Kosgei, G and Puffer, E and Ott, M}, Title = {Feasibility and acceptability of a peer provider delivered substance use screening and brief intervention program for youth in Kenya.}, Journal = {Bmc Public Health}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {2254}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17146-w}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Youth in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of substance use yet lack access to substance use interventions. The goal of this project was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-delivered, single-session substance use screening and brief intervention program for youth in Kenya.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a convergent parallel mixed methods study utilizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Two trained peer providers administered the screening and brief intervention program to 100 youth aged 15-24 years. To evaluate the implementation of the intervention, we collected quantitative and qualitative data. Feasibility and acceptability were quantitatively assessed using the Dissemination and Implementation Measures. Fidelity was assessed by rating all 100 audio-recorded sessions using a checklist. To obtain qualitative feedback on the intervention, we conducted five focus group discussions with 25 youths and six semi-structured interviews with two peer providers and four clinic leaders. The semi-structured interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Quantitative data was analyzed via descriptive statistics using STATA. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis with NVIVO.<h4>Results</h4>The lifetime prevalence of any substance use was 50%. The mean level of acceptability of the intervention from the perspective of the youth was 3.53 (SD 0.15), meaning that the youth found the intervention to be acceptable "a lot" of the time. Mean levels of implementation outcomes (acceptability, adoption, Acceptability, Appropriateness, Feasibility, Reach/access, Organizational climate, General leadership skills, and Sustainability) as rated by peer providers and clinic staff ranged between 2.61 ("a moderate amount") and 4.0 ("a lot"). In qualitative data, youth reported that the intervention was helpful and useful in enabling them to stop or reduce substance use. The peer providers felt that the intervention was easy to implement, while the clinic leaders felt that available resources were adequate, and that the intervention aligned well with the goals of the clinic.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our findings suggest that the peer-delivered screening and brief intervention program was perceived as acceptable to the youth and feasible to implement.<h4>Trial registration</h4>NCT04998045 Registration date: 10/08/2021.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12889-023-17146-w}, Key = {fds374235} } @article{fds374206, Author = {Morales-Torres, R and De Brigard and F}, Title = {On the frequency and nature of the cues that elicit déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories.}, Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, Volume = {46}, Pages = {e370}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x23000134}, Abstract = {Barzykowski and Moulin suggest that déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories recruit similar retrieval processes. Here, we invite the authors to clarify three issues: (1) What mechanism prevents déjà vu to happen more frequently? (2) What is the role of semantic cues in involuntary autobiographical retrieval? and (3) How déjà vu relates to non-believed memories?}, Doi = {10.1017/s0140525x23000134}, Key = {fds374206} } @article{fds370379, Author = {Herkert, D and Sullivan, C and Zhu, Y and Dawson, G}, Title = {Prevalence and nature of prior developmental and medical concerns in toddlers who screen positive for autism in primary care.}, Journal = {Autism}, Volume = {27}, Number = {8}, Pages = {2361-2371}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231162146}, Abstract = {The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for autism at their 18- and 24-month well-child visit. For children who screen positive for autism, it is unknown whether this usually represents the first time a developmental concern has been raised or if other developmental concerns typically precede a positive autism screen. Such knowledge could help guide providers in how to appropriately convey feedback regarding autism screening. This study found that, for close to 80% of children with a positive autism screen, caregivers or providers had a prior autism, language, motor, or other developmental concern documented in the electronic health record. Many also had other prior concerns frequently linked to autism, such as sleep and gastrointestinal problems, and received physical or speech therapy. On average, prior to screening children who received a positive Modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers had two documented concerns by at 1 year of age and three concerns by 2 years of age. These findings imply that screening for autism as a part of routine pediatric care likely takes place in the context of larger conversations regarding existing developmental concerns, allowing for a less stigmatizing discussion of autism. Framing the presence of prior concerns in the setting of a positive screen in this context may create a reaffirming space for existing caregiver concerns and a lessened emotional burden on caregivers.}, Doi = {10.1177/13623613231162146}, Key = {fds370379} } @article{fds370900, Author = {Yuan, A and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Bey, AL and Major, S and Carpenter, KL and Franz, L and Howard, J and Vermeer, S and Simmons, R and Troy, J and Dawson, G}, Title = {Automated movement tracking of young autistic children during free play is correlated with clinical features associated with autism.}, Journal = {Autism}, Volume = {27}, Number = {8}, Pages = {2530-2541}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231169546}, Abstract = {Play-based observations allow researchers to observe autistic children across a wide range of ages and skills. We recorded autistic children playing with toys in the center of a room and at a corner table while a caregiver remained seated off to the side and used video tracking technology to track children's movement and location. We examined how time children spent in room regions and whether or not they approached each region during play related to their cognitive, social, communication, and adaptive skills to determine if tracking child movement and location can meaningfully demonstrate clinical variation among autistic children representing a range of ages and skills. One significant finding was that autistic children who spent more time in the toy-containing center of the room had higher cognitive and language abilities, whereas those who spent less time in the center had higher levels of autism-related behaviors. In contrast, children who spent more time in the caregiver region had lower daily living skills and those who were quicker to approach the caregiver had lower adaptive behavior and language skills. These findings support the use of movement tracking as a complementary method of measuring clinical differences among autistic children. Furthermore, over 90% of autistic children representing a range of ages and skills in this study provided analyzable play observation data, demonstrating that this method allows autistic children of all levels of support needs to participate in research and demonstrate their social, communication, and attention skills without wearing any devices.}, Doi = {10.1177/13623613231169546}, Key = {fds370900} } @article{fds372989, Author = {Shic, F and Barney, EC and Naples, AJ and Dommer, KJ and Chang, SA and Li, B and McAllister, T and Atyabi, A and Wang, Q and Bernier, R and Dawson, G and Dziura, J and Faja, S and Jeste, SS and Murias, M and Johnson, SP and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Helleman, G and Senturk, D and Sugar, CA and Webb, SJ and McPartland, JC and Chawarska, K and Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials}, Title = {The Selective Social Attention task in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC-CT) feasibility study.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {16}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2150-2159}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3026}, Abstract = {The Selective Social Attention (SSA) task is a brief eye-tracking task involving experimental conditions varying along socio-communicative axes. Traditionally the SSA has been used to probe socially-specific attentional patterns in infants and toddlers who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This current work extends these findings to preschool and school-age children. Children 4- to 12-years-old with ASD (N = 23) and a typically-developing comparison group (TD; N = 25) completed the SSA task as well as standardized clinical assessments. Linear mixed models examined group and condition effects on two outcome variables: percent of time spent looking at the scene relative to scene presentation time (%Valid), and percent of time looking at the face relative to time spent looking at the scene (%Face). Age and IQ were included as covariates. Outcome variables' relationships to clinical data were assessed via correlation analysis. The ASD group, compared to the TD group, looked less at the scene and focused less on the actress' face during the most socially-engaging experimental conditions. Additionally, within the ASD group, %Face negatively correlated with SRS total T-scores with a particularly strong negative correlation with the Autistic Mannerism subscale T-score. These results highlight the extensibility of the SSA to older children with ASD, including replication of between-group differences previously seen in infants and toddlers, as well as its ability to capture meaningful clinical variation within the autism spectrum across a wide developmental span inclusive of preschool and school-aged children. The properties suggest that the SSA may have broad potential as a biomarker for ASD.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.3026}, Key = {fds372989} } @article{fds368905, Author = {Stanaland, A and Gaither, S and Gassman-Pines, A}, Title = {When Is Masculinity "Fragile"? An Expectancy-Discrepancy-Threat Model of Masculine Identity.}, Journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc}, Volume = {27}, Number = {4}, Pages = {359-377}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10888683221141176}, Abstract = {<h4>Academic abstract</h4>Manhood is a precarious social status. Under perceived gender identity threat, men are disproportionately likely to enact certain stereotype-consistent responses such as aggression to maintain their gender status. Yet less is known regarding individual variation in men's threat responsiveness-that is, the psychological conditions under which one's masculine identity is more or less "fragile." We propose a novel model of masculine identity whereby masculine norm expectancy generates discrepancy within the self to the extent that rigid norms are internalized as obligational (actual-ought discrepancy) versus aspirational (actual-ideal discrepancy), which predict extrinsic versus intrinsic motivations to reduce these discrepancies, respectively. Under threat, then, extrinsic motivations predict externalized responses (e.g., aggression), and intrinsic motivations elicit internalized responses (e.g., anxiety, shame, self-harm). We also consider the conditions under which masculinity may be less fragile-for example, in contexts with less rigid expectations and among men who reject expectations-as pathways to mitigate adverse masculinity threat-related outcomes.<h4>Public abstract</h4>In many cultures, men prove their manhood by engaging in behaviors that harm themselves and others (e.g., violence, sexism, homophobia), particularly people from marginalized groups. Yet less is known about why some men are more likely than others to enact these masculinity-proving behaviors. The goal of our model is to specify certain conditions under which masculinities become "fragile" and elicit these responses when under threat. We start by describing the rigid expectations men experience-for example, that they are strong and tough. We propose that these expectations cause men to experience different forms of discrepancy within themselves that produce corresponding motivations to reduce these discrepancies. Under threat, motivations driven by others' expectations elicit outward attempts to restore masculine status (e.g., aggression), whereas motivations driven by self-ideals cause internalized responses (e.g., shame, self-harm). We conclude by discussing how to reduce these discrepancies, such as mitigating the rigidity of and encouraging men's resistance to masculinity expectations.}, Doi = {10.1177/10888683221141176}, Key = {fds368905} } @article{fds373560, Author = {Zucker, NL and Strauss, GP and Smyth, JM and Scherf, KS and Brotman, MA and Boyd, RC and Choi, J and Davila, M and Ajilore, OA and Gunning, F and Schweitzer, JB}, Title = {Experimental Therapeutics: Opportunities and Challenges Stemming From the National Institute of Mental Health Workshop on Novel Target Discovery and Psychosocial Intervention Development.}, Journal = {Perspect Psychol Sci}, Pages = {17456916231197980}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231197980}, Abstract = {There has been slow progress in the development of interventions that prevent and/or reduce mental-health morbidity and mortality. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) launched an experimental-therapeutics initiative with the goal of accelerating the development of effective interventions. The emphasis is on interventions designed to engage a target mechanism. A target mechanism is a process (e.g., behavioral, neurobiological) proposed to underlie change in a defined clinical endpoint and through change in which an intervention exerts its effect. This article is based on discussions from an NIMH workshop conducted in February 2020 and subsequent conversations among researchers using this approach. We discuss the components of an experimental-therapeutics approach such as clinical-outcome selection, target definition and measurement, intervention design and selection, and implementation of a team-science strategy. We emphasize the important contributions of different constituencies (e.g., patients, caregivers, providers) in deriving hypotheses about novel target mechanisms. We highlight strategies for target-mechanism identification using published and hypothetical examples. We consider the decision-making dilemmas that arise with different patterns of results in purported mechanisms and clinical outcomes. We end with considerations of the practical challenges of this approach and the implications for future directions of this initiative.}, Doi = {10.1177/17456916231197980}, Key = {fds373560} } @article{fds373515, Author = {Hsiung, A and Poh, J-H and Huettel, SA and Adcock, RA}, Title = {Curiosity evolves as information unfolds.}, Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, Volume = {120}, Number = {43}, Pages = {e2301974120}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301974120}, Abstract = {When people feel curious, they often seek information to resolve their curiosity. Reaching resolution, however, does not always occur in a single step but instead may follow the accumulation of information over time. Here, we investigated changes in curiosity over a dynamic information-gathering process and how these changes related to affective and cognitive states as well as behavior. Human participants performed an Evolving Line Drawing Task, during which they reported guesses about the drawings' identities and made choices about whether to keep watching. In Study 1, the timing of choices was predetermined and externally imposed, while in Study 2, participants had agency in the timing of guesses and choices. Using this dynamic paradigm, we found that even within a single information-gathering episode, curiosity evolved in concert with other emotional states and with confidence. In both studies, we showed that the relationship between curiosity and confidence depended on stimulus entropy (unique guesses across participants) and on guess accuracy. We demonstrated that curiosity is multifaceted and can be experienced as either positive or negative depending on the state of information gathering. Critically, even when given the choice to alleviate uncertainty immediately (i.e., view a spoiler), higher curiosity promoted continuing to engage in the information-gathering process. Collectively, we show that curiosity changes over information accumulation to drive engagement with external stimuli, rather than to shortcut the path to resolution, highlighting the value inherent in the process of discovery.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2301974120}, Key = {fds373515} } @article{fds373516, Author = {Oberman, LM and Francis, SM and Lisanby, SH}, Title = {The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in autism spectrum disorder.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3041}, Abstract = {Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have recently emerged as alternative, nonpharmacological interventions for a variety of psychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental conditions. NIBS is beginning to be applied in both research and clinical settings for the treatment of core and associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including social communication deficits, restricted and repetitive behaviors, irritability, hyperactivity, depression and impairments in executive functioning and sensorimotor integration. Though there is much promise for these targeted device-based interventions, in other disorders (including adult major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) where rTMS is FDA cleared), data on the safety and efficacy of these interventions in individuals with ASD is limited especially in younger children when neurodevelopmental interventions typically begin. Most studies are open-label, small scale, and/or focused on a restricted subgroup of individuals with ASD. There is a need for larger, randomized controlled trials that incorporate neuroimaging in order to develop predictive biomarkers of treatment response and optimize treatment parameters. We contend that until such studies are conducted, we do not have adequate estimates of the safety and efficacy of NIBS interventions in children across the spectrum. Thus, broad off-label use of these techniques in this population is not supported by currently available evidence. Here we discuss the existing data on the use of NIBS to treat symptoms related to ASD and discuss future directions for the field.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.3041}, Key = {fds373516} } @article{fds372237, Author = {Darrow, SM and Pizzagalli, DA and Smoski, M and Mathew, SJ and Nurnberger, J and Lisanby, SH and Iosifescu, D and Murrough, JW and Yang, H and Weiner, RD and Sanacora, G and Keefe, RSE and Song, A and Goodman, W and Whitton, AE and Potter, WZ and Krystal, AD}, Title = {Using latent profile analyses to classify subjects with anhedonia based on reward-related measures obtained in the FAST-MAS study.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {339}, Pages = {584-592}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.081}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that anhedonia is a multifaceted construct. This study examined the possibility of identifying subgroups of people with anhedonia using multiple reward-related measures to provide greater understanding the Research Domain Criteria's Positive Valence Systems Domain and pathways for developing treatments. METHODS: Latent profile analysis of baseline data from a study that examined the effects of a novel kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist drug on measures and biomarkers associated with anhedonia was used to identify subgroups. Measures included ventral striatal activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task, response bias in the Probabilistic Reward Task, reward valuation scores from the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task, and scores from reward-related self-report measures. RESULTS: Two subgroups were identified, which differed on self-report measures of reward. Participants in the subgroup reporting more anhedonia also reported more depression and had greater illness severity and functional impairments. Graphs of change with treatment showed a trend for the less severe subgroup to demonstrate higher response to KOR antagonist treatment on the neuroimaging measure, probabilistic reward task, and ratings of functioning; the subgroup with greater severity showed a trend for higher treatment response on reward-related self-report measures. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations include the small sample size and exploratory nature of analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of possible dissociation between self-reported measures of anhedonia and other measures with respect to treatment response emerged. These results highlight the importance for future research to consider severity of self-reported reward-related deficits and how the relationship across measurement methods may vary with severity.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.081}, Key = {fds372237} } @article{fds372227, Author = {Darrow, SM and Pizzagalli, DA and Smoski, M and Mathew, SJ and Nurnberger, J and Lisanby, SH and Iosifescu, D and Murrough, JW and Yang, H and Weiner, RD and Sanacora, G and Keefe, RSE and Song, A and Goodman, W and Whitton, AE and Potter, WZ and Krystal, AD}, Title = {Using latent profile analyses to classify subjects with anhedonia based on reward-related measures obtained in the FAST-MAS study.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {339}, Pages = {584-592}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.081}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that anhedonia is a multifaceted construct. This study examined the possibility of identifying subgroups of people with anhedonia using multiple reward-related measures to provide greater understanding the Research Domain Criteria's Positive Valence Systems Domain and pathways for developing treatments. METHODS: Latent profile analysis of baseline data from a study that examined the effects of a novel kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist drug on measures and biomarkers associated with anhedonia was used to identify subgroups. Measures included ventral striatal activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task, response bias in the Probabilistic Reward Task, reward valuation scores from the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task, and scores from reward-related self-report measures. RESULTS: Two subgroups were identified, which differed on self-report measures of reward. Participants in the subgroup reporting more anhedonia also reported more depression and had greater illness severity and functional impairments. Graphs of change with treatment showed a trend for the less severe subgroup to demonstrate higher response to KOR antagonist treatment on the neuroimaging measure, probabilistic reward task, and ratings of functioning; the subgroup with greater severity showed a trend for higher treatment response on reward-related self-report measures. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations include the small sample size and exploratory nature of analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of possible dissociation between self-reported measures of anhedonia and other measures with respect to treatment response emerged. These results highlight the importance for future research to consider severity of self-reported reward-related deficits and how the relationship across measurement methods may vary with severity.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.081}, Key = {fds372227} } @article{fds372238, Author = {Darrow, SM and Pizzagalli, DA and Smoski, M and Mathew, SJ and Nurnberger, J and Lisanby, SH and Iosifescu, D and Murrough, JW and Yang, H and Weiner, RD and Sanacora, G and Keefe, RSE and Song, A and Goodman, W and Whitton, AE and Potter, WZ and Krystal, AD}, Title = {Using latent profile analyses to classify subjects with anhedonia based on reward-related measures obtained in the FAST-MAS study.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {339}, Pages = {584-592}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.081}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that anhedonia is a multifaceted construct. This study examined the possibility of identifying subgroups of people with anhedonia using multiple reward-related measures to provide greater understanding the Research Domain Criteria's Positive Valence Systems Domain and pathways for developing treatments. METHODS: Latent profile analysis of baseline data from a study that examined the effects of a novel kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist drug on measures and biomarkers associated with anhedonia was used to identify subgroups. Measures included ventral striatal activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task, response bias in the Probabilistic Reward Task, reward valuation scores from the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task, and scores from reward-related self-report measures. RESULTS: Two subgroups were identified, which differed on self-report measures of reward. Participants in the subgroup reporting more anhedonia also reported more depression and had greater illness severity and functional impairments. Graphs of change with treatment showed a trend for the less severe subgroup to demonstrate higher response to KOR antagonist treatment on the neuroimaging measure, probabilistic reward task, and ratings of functioning; the subgroup with greater severity showed a trend for higher treatment response on reward-related self-report measures. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations include the small sample size and exploratory nature of analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of possible dissociation between self-reported measures of anhedonia and other measures with respect to treatment response emerged. These results highlight the importance for future research to consider severity of self-reported reward-related deficits and how the relationship across measurement methods may vary with severity.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.081}, Key = {fds372238} } @article{fds371645, Author = {Sharp, C and Kaplan, RM and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {The Use of Ontologies to Accelerate the Behavioral Sciences: Promises and Challenges}, Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {5}, Pages = {418-426}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214231183917}, Abstract = {Behavioral scientists produce a vast amount of research every year yet struggle to produce cumulative knowledge that is easily translated in applied settings. This article summarizes a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine consensus report on the development and use of ontologies to accelerate the behavioral sciences. The report examines key challenges in the behavioral and psychological sciences motivating an evaluation of ontology use and development in the behavioral sciences. The advantages of ontologies, including enhanced organization and retrieval of research evidence, improved scientific communication, reduction of duplication, and enhanced scientific replicability, are highlighted. Challenges that may impede the development and use of ontologies in the behavioral sciences are also considered. The article concludes with future directions for fulfilling the promise of ontologies to accelerate the behavioral and psychological sciences.}, Doi = {10.1177/09637214231183917}, Key = {fds371645} } @article{fds372293, Author = {Oyesanya, TO and Loflin, C and You, H and Myers, J and Kandel, M and Johnson, K and Strauman, T and Hawes, J and Byom, L and Gonzalez-Guarda, R and Van Houtven and C and Agarwal, S and Prvu Bettger, J}, Title = {The BETTER Traumatic Brain Injury Transitional Care Intervention: A Feasibility Study.}, Journal = {West J Nurs Res}, Volume = {45}, Number = {10}, Pages = {902-912}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01939459231189786}, Abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcome measures of BETTER (Brain Injury Education, Training, and Therapy to Enhance Recovery), a culturally tailored traumatic brain injury (TBI) transitional care intervention, among diverse younger adult patients with TBI (age 18-64) and their caregivers. Trained clinical interventionists addressed patient/family needs; established goals; coordinated post-hospital care and resources; and provided patient/family training on self- and family-management coping skills. Fifteen dyads enrolled (N = 31, 15 patients, 16 caregivers). All completed baseline data; 74.2% (n = 23; 10 patients, 13 caregivers) completed 8-week data; 83.8% (n = 26; 13 each) completed 16-week data. Approximately 38% (n = 12, 3 patients, 9 caregivers) completed acceptability data, showing positive experiences (mean = 9.25, range 0-10; SD = 2.01). Overall and mental quality of life (QOL) scores did not differ over time but physical QOL scores did improve over time (baseline: 30.3, 8 weeks: 46.5, 16 weeks: 61.6; p = 0.0056), which was considered to be a suitable outcome measure for a future trial. BETTER is a promising intervention with implications to improve TBI care standards. Research is needed to determine efficacy in a randomized trial.}, Doi = {10.1177/01939459231189786}, Key = {fds372293} } @article{fds372839, Author = {Kozal, JS and Jayasundara, N and Massarsky, A and Lindberg, CD and Oliveri, AN and Cooper, EM and Levin, ED and Meyer, JN and Giulio, RTD}, Title = {Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio.}, Journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, Volume = {263}, Pages = {106658}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106658}, Abstract = {The potential for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to have adverse effects that persist across generations is an emerging concern for human and wildlife health. This study evaluated the role of mitochondria, which are maternally inherited, in the cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model PAH and known mitochondrial toxicant. Mature female zebrafish (F0) were fed diets containing 0, 12.5, 125, or 1250 μg BaP/g at a feed rate of 1% body weight twice/day for 21 days. These females were bred with unexposed males, and the embryos (F1) were collected for subsequent analyses. Maternally-exposed embryos exhibited altered mitochondrial function and metabolic partitioning (i.e. the portion of respiration attributable to different cellular processes), as evidenced by in vivo oxygen consumption rates (OCRs). F1 embryos had lower basal and mitochondrial respiration and ATP turnover-mediated OCR, and increased proton leak and reserve capacity. Reductions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, increases in mtDNA damage, and alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress were also found in maternally-exposed embryos. Notably, the mitochondrial effects in offspring occurred largely in the absence of effects in maternal ovaries, suggesting that PAH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may manifest in subsequent generations. Maternally-exposed larvae also displayed swimming hypoactivity. The lowest observed effect level (LOEL) for maternal BaP exposure causing mitochondrial effects in offspring was 12.5 µg BaP/g diet (nominally equivalent to 250 ng BaP/g fish). It was concluded that maternal BaP exposure can cause significant mitochondrial impairments in offspring.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106658}, Key = {fds372839} } @article{fds373554, Author = {Becker, M and Yu, Y and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The influence of insight on risky decision making and nucleus accumbens activation.}, Journal = {Scientific Reports}, Volume = {13}, Number = {1}, Pages = {17159}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44293-2}, Abstract = {During insightful problem solving, the solution appears unexpectedly and is accompanied by the feeling of an AHA!. Research suggests that this affective component of insight can have consequences beyond the solution itself by motivating future behavior, such as risky (high reward and high uncertainty) decision making. Here, we investigate the behavioral and neural support for the motivational role of AHA in decision making involving monetary choices. The positive affect of the AHA! experience has been linked to internal reward. Reward in turn has been linked to dopaminergic signal transmission in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) and risky decision making. Therefore, we hypothesized that insight activates reward-related brain areas, modulating risky decision making. We tested this hypothesis in two studies. First, in a pre-registered online study (Study 1), we demonstrated the behavioral effect of insight-related increase in risky decision making using a visual Mooney identification paradigm. Participants were more likely to choose the riskier monetary payout when they had previously solved the Mooney image with high compared to low accompanied AHA!. Second, in an fMRI study (Study 2), we measured the effects of insight on NAcc activity using a similar Mooney identification paradigm to the one of Study 1. Greater NAcc activity was found when participants solved the Mooney image with high vs low AHA!. Taken together, our results link insight to enhanced NAcc activity and a preference for high but uncertain rewards, suggesting that insight enhances reward-related brain areas possibly via dopaminergic signal transmission, promoting risky decision making.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-44293-2}, Key = {fds373554} } @article{fds362430, Author = {Goulter, N and Oberth, C and McMahon, RJ and Lansford, JE and Dodge, KA and Crowley, DM and Bates, JE and Pettit, GS}, Title = {Predictive Validity of Adolescent Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems with Respect to Adult Outcomes: High- and Low-Risk Samples.}, Journal = {Child Psychiatry and Human Development}, Volume = {54}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1321-1335}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01334-7}, Abstract = {Current understanding of the predictive validity of callous-unemotional (CU) traits is limited by (a) the focus on externalizing psychopathology and antisocial behaviors, (b) a lack of long-term prospective longitudinal data, (c) samples comprised of high-risk or low-risk individuals. We tested whether adolescent CU traits and conduct problems were associated with theoretically relevant adult outcomes 12-18 years later. Participants were drawn from two studies: higher-risk Fast Track (FT; n = 754) and lower-risk Child Development Project (CDP; n = 585). FT: conduct problems positively predicted externalizing and internalizing psychopathology and partner violence, and negatively predicted health, wellbeing, and education. Three conduct problems × CU traits interaction effects were also found. CDP: CU traits positively predicted depression and negatively predicted health and education; conduct problems positively predicted externalizing and internalizing psychopathology and substance use, and negatively predicted wellbeing. CU traits did not provide incremental predictive validity for multiple adult outcomes relative to conduct problems.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10578-022-01334-7}, Key = {fds362430} } @article{fds367702, Author = {Lansford, JE and Goulter, N and Godwin, J and McMahon, RJ and Dodge, KA and Crowley, M and Pettit, GS and Bates, JE and Lochman, JE}, Title = {Predictors of problematic adult alcohol, cannabis, and other substance use: A longitudinal study of two samples.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {35}, Number = {4}, Pages = {2028-2043}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422000670}, Abstract = {This study examined whether a key set of adolescent and early adulthood risk factors predicts problematic alcohol, cannabis, and other substance use in established adulthood. Two independent samples from the Child Development Project (CDP; <i>n</i> = 585; 48% girls; 81% White, 17% Black, 2% other race/ethnicity) and Fast Track (FT; <i>n</i> = 463; 45% girls; 52% White, 43% Black, 5% other race/ethnicity) were recruited in childhood and followed through age 34 (CDP) or 32 (FT). Predictors of substance use were assessed in adolescence based on adolescent and parent reports and in early adulthood based on adult self-reports. Adults reported their own problematic substance use in established adulthood. In both samples, more risk factors from adolescence and early adulthood predicted problematic alcohol use in established adulthood (compared to problematic cannabis use and other substance use). Externalizing behaviors and prior substance use in early adulthood were consistent predictors of problematic alcohol and cannabis misuse in established adulthood across samples; other predictors were specific to the sample and type of substance misuse. Prevention efforts might benefit from tailoring to address risk factors for specific substances, but prioritizing prevention of externalizing behaviors holds promise for preventing both alcohol and cannabis misuse in established adulthood.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579422000670}, Key = {fds367702} } @article{fds371880, Author = {Ribeiro, F and Teixeira, M and Alves, AJ and Sherwood, A and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Lifestyle Medicine as a Treatment for Resistant Hypertension.}, Journal = {Curr Hypertens Rep}, Volume = {25}, Number = {10}, Pages = {313-328}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01253-5}, Abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Approximately 10% of the adults with hypertension fail to achieve the recommended blood pressure treatment targets on 3 antihypertensive medications or require ≥ 4 medications to achieve goal. These patients with 'resistant hypertension' have an increased risk of target organ damage, adverse clinical events, and all-cause mortality. Although lifestyle modification is widely recommended as a first-line approach for the management of high blood pressure, the effects of lifestyle modifications in patients with resistant hypertension has not been widely studied. This review aims to provide an overview of the emerging evidence on the benefits of lifestyle modifications in patients with resistant hypertension, reviews potential mechanisms by which lifestyles may reduce blood pressure, and discusses the clinical implications of the recent findings in this field. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence from single-component randomized clinical trials demonstrated that aerobic exercise, weight loss and dietary modification can reduce clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Moreover, evidence from multi-component trials involving exercise and dietary modification and weight management can facilitate lifestyle change, reduce clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, and improve biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. This new evidence supports the efficacy of lifestyle modifications added to optimized medical therapy in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with resistant hypertension. These findings need to be confirmed in larger studies, and the persistence of benefit over extended follow-up needs further study.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11906-023-01253-5}, Key = {fds371880} } @article{fds373395, Author = {Perochon, S and Di Martino and JM and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Franz, L and Krishnappa Babu, PR and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {Early detection of autism using digital behavioral phenotyping.}, Journal = {Nat Med}, Volume = {29}, Number = {10}, Pages = {2489-2497}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3}, Abstract = {Early detection of autism, a neurodevelopmental condition associated with challenges in social communication, ensures timely access to intervention. Autism screening questionnaires have been shown to have lower accuracy when used in real-world settings, such as primary care, as compared to research studies, particularly for children of color and girls. Here we report findings from a multiclinic, prospective study assessing the accuracy of an autism screening digital application (app) administered during a pediatric well-child visit to 475 (17-36 months old) children (269 boys and 206 girls), of which 49 were diagnosed with autism and 98 were diagnosed with developmental delay without autism. The app displayed stimuli that elicited behavioral signs of autism, quantified using computer vision and machine learning. An algorithm combining multiple digital phenotypes showed high diagnostic accuracy with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.90, sensitivity = 87.8%, specificity = 80.8%, negative predictive value = 97.8% and positive predictive value = 40.6%. The algorithm had similar sensitivity performance across subgroups as defined by sex, race and ethnicity. These results demonstrate the potential for digital phenotyping to provide an objective, scalable approach to autism screening in real-world settings. Moreover, combining results from digital phenotyping and caregiver questionnaires may increase autism screening accuracy and help reduce disparities in access to diagnosis and intervention.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3}, Key = {fds373395} } @article{fds371881, Author = {Ribeiro, F and Teixeira, M and Alves, AJ and Sherwood, A and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Lifestyle Medicine as a Treatment for Resistant Hypertension.}, Journal = {Curr Hypertens Rep}, Volume = {25}, Number = {10}, Pages = {313-328}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01253-5}, Abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Approximately 10% of the adults with hypertension fail to achieve the recommended blood pressure treatment targets on 3 antihypertensive medications or require ≥ 4 medications to achieve goal. These patients with 'resistant hypertension' have an increased risk of target organ damage, adverse clinical events, and all-cause mortality. Although lifestyle modification is widely recommended as a first-line approach for the management of high blood pressure, the effects of lifestyle modifications in patients with resistant hypertension has not been widely studied. This review aims to provide an overview of the emerging evidence on the benefits of lifestyle modifications in patients with resistant hypertension, reviews potential mechanisms by which lifestyles may reduce blood pressure, and discusses the clinical implications of the recent findings in this field. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence from single-component randomized clinical trials demonstrated that aerobic exercise, weight loss and dietary modification can reduce clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Moreover, evidence from multi-component trials involving exercise and dietary modification and weight management can facilitate lifestyle change, reduce clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, and improve biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. This new evidence supports the efficacy of lifestyle modifications added to optimized medical therapy in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with resistant hypertension. These findings need to be confirmed in larger studies, and the persistence of benefit over extended follow-up needs further study.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11906-023-01253-5}, Key = {fds371881} } @article{fds372425, Author = {Nash, AL and Bloom, DL and Chapman, BM and Wheeler, SB and McGuire, KP and Lee, CN and Weinfurt, K and Rosenstein, DL and Plichta, JK and Vann, JCJ and Hwang, ES}, Title = {Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Decision-Making: The Partners' Perspective.}, Journal = {Annals of Surgical Oncology}, Volume = {30}, Number = {10}, Pages = {6268-6274}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-023-14022-0}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) continues to rise despite no improvement in survival, an increased risk of surgical complications, and negative effects on quality of life. This study explored the experiences of the partners of women who undergo CPM. METHODS: This study was part of an investigation into the factors motivating women with early-stage unilateral breast cancer and low genetic risk to opt for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). Participating women were asked for permission to invite their partners to take part in interviews. In-depth interviews with partners were conducted using a semi-structured topic guide. A thematic analysis of the data was performed RESULTS: Of 35 partners, all men, 15 agreed to be interviewed. Most perceived their role to be strong and logical. Some hoped their wives would choose a bilateral mastectomy. All felt strongly that the final decision was up to their partners. The partners often framed the decision for CPM as one of life or death. Thus, any aesthetic effects were unimportant by comparison. The male partners had difficulty grasping the physical and emotional changes inherent in mastectomy, which made communicating about sexuality and intimacy very challenging for the couples. In the early recovery period, some noted the stress of managing home life. CONCLUSIONS: The experiences of the male partners provide insight into how couples navigate complex treatment decision-making, both together and separately. There may be a benefit to including partners in pre- and post-surgical counseling to mitigate miscommunication regarding the expected oncologic and emotional outcomes related to CPM.}, Doi = {10.1245/s10434-023-14022-0}, Key = {fds372425} } @article{fds364964, Author = {Gajos, JM and Russell, MA and Odgers, CL and Hoyle, RH and Copeland, WE}, Title = {Pubertal timing moderates the same-day coupling between family hassles and negative affect in girls and boys.}, Journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, Volume = {35}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1942-1955}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422000591}, Abstract = {This study examined the association between pubertal timing, daily affect, conduct problems, and the exposure to hassles across family, peer, and school contexts. Adolescents (M age = 12.27; 49.7% female; 62.6% White) completed ecological momentary assessments across 14 consecutive days (N = 388). Earlier maturing girls reported lower daily averages of positive affect compared to their same-sex, same-age peers. We did not find evidence for a relationship between pubertal timing and daily negative affect or conduct problems in girls, nor for daily negative and positive affect or conduct problems in boys. However, pubertal timing did moderate the day-level association between average negative affect and family hassles for both girls and boys. When experiencing more family hassles, earlier maturing girls reported greater negative affect relative to later maturing girls who experienced family hassles. In contrast, later maturing boys, relative to earlier maturing boys, reported higher levels of negative affect in the context of family hassles.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0954579422000591}, Key = {fds364964} } @article{fds371674, Author = {Douglas, KM and Sutton, RM and Van Lissa and CJ and Stroebe, W and Kreienkamp, J and Agostini, M and Bélanger, JJ and Gützkow, B and Abakoumkin, G and Khaiyom, JHA and Ahmedi, V and Akkas, H and Almenara, CA and Atta, M and Bagci, SC and Basel, S and Berisha Kida and E and Bernardo, ABI and Buttrick, NR and Chobthamkit, P and Choi, HS and Cristea, M and Csaba, S and Damnjanovic, K and Danyliuk, I and Dash, A and Di Santo and D and Enea, V and Faller, DG and Fitzsimons, G and Gheorghiu, A and Gómez, Á and Hamaidia, A and Han, Q and Helmy, M and Hudiyana, J and Jeronimus, BF and Yu Jiang and D and Jovanović, V and Kamenov, Ž and Kende, A and Keng, SL and Kieu, TTT and Koc, Y and Kovyazina, K and Kozytska, I and Krause, J and Kruglanski, AW and Kurapov, A and Kutlaca, M and Lantos, NA and Lemay, EP and Lesmana, CBJ and Louis, WR and Lueders, A and Malik, NI and Martinez, A and McCabe, KO and Mehulić, J and Milla, MN and Mohammed, I and Molinario, E and Moyano, M and Muhammad, H and Mula, S and Muluk, H and Myroniuk, S and Najafi, R and Nisa, CF and Nyúl, B and O'Keefe, PA and Olivas Osuna and JJ and Osin, EN and Park, J and Pica, G and Pierro, A and Rees, J and Reitsema, AM and Resta, E and Rullo, M and Ryan, MK and Samekin, A and Santtila, P and Sasin, E and Schumpe, BM and Selim, HA and Stanton, MV and Sultana, S and Tseliou, E and Utsugi, A and van Breen, JA and Van Veen and K and vanDellen, MR and Vázquez, A and Wollast, R and Yeung, VWL and Zand, S and Žeželj, IL and Zheng, B and Zick, A}, Title = {Identifying important individual- and country-level predictors of conspiracy theorizing: A machine learning analysis}, Journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology}, Volume = {53}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1191-1203}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2968}, Abstract = {Psychological research on the predictors of conspiracy theorizing—explaining important social and political events or circumstances as secret plots by malevolent groups—has flourished in recent years. However, research has typically examined only a small number of predictors in one, or a small number of, national contexts. Such approaches make it difficult to examine the relative importance of predictors, and risk overlooking some potentially relevant variables altogether. To overcome this limitation, the present study used machine learning to rank-order the importance of 115 individual- and country-level variables in predicting conspiracy theorizing. Data were collected from 56,072 respondents across 28 countries during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Echoing previous findings, important predictors at the individual level included societal discontent, paranoia, and personal struggle. Contrary to prior research, important country-level predictors included indicators of political stability and effective government COVID response, which suggests that conspiracy theorizing may thrive in relatively well-functioning democracies.}, Doi = {10.1002/ejsp.2968}, Key = {fds371674} } @article{fds372022, Author = {Kessing, LV and Ziersen, SC and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Andersen, PK}, Title = {Lifetime Incidence of Treated Mental Health Disorders and Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions and Associated Socioeconomic Functioning.}, Journal = {Jama Psychiatry}, Volume = {80}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1000-1008}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2206}, Abstract = {<h4>Importance</h4>Few studies have estimated the lifetime incidence of mental health disorders and the association with socioeconomic functioning.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate whether the lifetime incidence of treated mental health disorders is substantially higher than previously reported and estimate associations with long-term socioeconomic difficulties.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This nationwide population-based register linkage study includes a randomly selected sample of 1.5 million individuals from the population of Denmark from 1995 to 2018. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to March 2023.<h4>Main outcomes and measures</h4>Lifetime incidence of any treated mental health disorder in the general population was estimated from birth to age 100 years taking into account the competing risk of all-cause death and associations with socioeconomic functioning. Register measures were (1) from hospitals, a diagnosis of any mental health disorder at an inpatient/outpatient hospital contact; (2) from hospitals and prescription statistics, any mental health disorder/psychotropic prescription, including a hospital-contact diagnosis, or any psychotropic medication prescribed by physicians, including general practitioners or private psychiatrists; and (3) socioeconomic functioning as indicated by highest educational achievement, employment, income, residential status, and marital status.<h4>Results</h4>Among a sample of 462 864 individuals with any mental health disorder, the median (IQR) age was 36.6 years (21.0-53.6 years), 233 747 (50.5%) were male, and 229 117 (49.5%) were female. Of these, 112 641 were registered with a hospital-contact mental health disorder diagnosis and 422 080 with a prescription of psychotropic medication. The cumulative incidence of a hospital-contact mental health disorder diagnosis was 29.0% (95% CI, 28.8-29.1), 31.8% (95% CI, 31.6-32.0) for females, and 26.1% (95% CI, 25.9-26.3) for males. When also considering psychotropic prescriptions, the cumulative incidence of any mental health disorder/psychotropic prescription was 82.6% (95% CI, 82.4-82.6), 87.5% (95% CI, 87.4-87.7) for females, and 76.7% (95% CI, 76.5-76.8) for males. Socioeconomic difficulties were associated with mental health disorder/psychotropic prescriptions, including lower income (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.53-1.56), increased unemployment or disability benefit (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.47-2.53), and a greater likelihood of living alone (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.76-1.80) and being unmarried (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 2.01-2.04) during long-term follow-up. These rates were confirmed in 4 sensitivity analyses with the lowest being 74.8% (95% CI, 74.7-75.0) (1) by using varying exclusion periods, (2) by excluding prescriptions of anxiolytics and quetiapine that may be used for off-label indications, (3) by defining any mental health disorder/psychotropic prescription as any hospital-contact mental health disorder diagnosis or any psychotropic medication prescribed at least 2 times, and (4) by excluding individuals with somatic diagnoses for which psychotropics may be prescribed off-label.<h4>Conclusions and relevance</h4>This registry study of data from a large representative sample of the Danish population showed that the majority of individuals either received a diagnosis of a mental health disorder or were prescribed psychotropic medication during their lifetime, which was associated with subsequent socioeconomic difficulties. These findings may help change our understanding of normalcy and mental illness, reduce stigmatization, and further prompt rethinking the primary prevention of mental illness and future mental health clinical resources.}, Doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2206}, Key = {fds372022} } @article{fds367655, Author = {Conway, CC and Kotov, R and Krueger, RF and Caspi, A}, Title = {Translating the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) from potential to practice: Ten research questions.}, Journal = {American Psychologist}, Volume = {78}, Number = {7}, Pages = {873-885}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0001046}, Abstract = {The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a novel diagnostic system grounded in empirical research into the architecture of mental illness. Its basic units are continuous dimensions-as opposed to categories-that are organized into a hierarchy according to patterns of symptom co-occurrence observed in quantitative studies. Previous HiTOP discussions have focused on existing evidence regarding the model's structure and ability to account for neurobiological, social, cultural, and clinical variation. The present article looks ahead to the next decade of applied research and clinical practice using the HiTOP rubric. We highlight 10 topics where HiTOP has the potential to make significant breakthroughs. Research areas include genetic influences, environmental contributions, neural mechanisms, real-time dynamics, and lifespan development of psychopathology. We also discuss development of novel assessments, forecasting methods, and treatments. Finally, we consider implications for clinicians and educators. For each of these domains, we propose directions for future research and venture hypotheses as to what HiTOP will reveal about psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/amp0001046}, Key = {fds367655} } @article{fds373558, Author = {Kessing, LV and Ziersen, SC and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Andersen, PK}, Title = {Lifetime Incidence of Treated Mental Health Disorders and Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions and Associated Socioeconomic Functioning.}, Journal = {Jama Psychiatry}, Volume = {80}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1000-1008}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2206}, Abstract = {<h4>Importance</h4>Few studies have estimated the lifetime incidence of mental health disorders and the association with socioeconomic functioning.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate whether the lifetime incidence of treated mental health disorders is substantially higher than previously reported and estimate associations with long-term socioeconomic difficulties.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This nationwide population-based register linkage study includes a randomly selected sample of 1.5 million individuals from the population of Denmark from 1995 to 2018. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to March 2023.<h4>Main outcomes and measures</h4>Lifetime incidence of any treated mental health disorder in the general population was estimated from birth to age 100 years taking into account the competing risk of all-cause death and associations with socioeconomic functioning. Register measures were (1) from hospitals, a diagnosis of any mental health disorder at an inpatient/outpatient hospital contact; (2) from hospitals and prescription statistics, any mental health disorder/psychotropic prescription, including a hospital-contact diagnosis, or any psychotropic medication prescribed by physicians, including general practitioners or private psychiatrists; and (3) socioeconomic functioning as indicated by highest educational achievement, employment, income, residential status, and marital status.<h4>Results</h4>Among a sample of 462 864 individuals with any mental health disorder, the median (IQR) age was 36.6 years (21.0-53.6 years), 233 747 (50.5%) were male, and 229 117 (49.5%) were female. Of these, 112 641 were registered with a hospital-contact mental health disorder diagnosis and 422 080 with a prescription of psychotropic medication. The cumulative incidence of a hospital-contact mental health disorder diagnosis was 29.0% (95% CI, 28.8-29.1), 31.8% (95% CI, 31.6-32.0) for females, and 26.1% (95% CI, 25.9-26.3) for males. When also considering psychotropic prescriptions, the cumulative incidence of any mental health disorder/psychotropic prescription was 82.6% (95% CI, 82.4-82.6), 87.5% (95% CI, 87.4-87.7) for females, and 76.7% (95% CI, 76.5-76.8) for males. Socioeconomic difficulties were associated with mental health disorder/psychotropic prescriptions, including lower income (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.53-1.56), increased unemployment or disability benefit (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.47-2.53), and a greater likelihood of living alone (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.76-1.80) and being unmarried (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 2.01-2.04) during long-term follow-up. These rates were confirmed in 4 sensitivity analyses with the lowest being 74.8% (95% CI, 74.7-75.0) (1) by using varying exclusion periods, (2) by excluding prescriptions of anxiolytics and quetiapine that may be used for off-label indications, (3) by defining any mental health disorder/psychotropic prescription as any hospital-contact mental health disorder diagnosis or any psychotropic medication prescribed at least 2 times, and (4) by excluding individuals with somatic diagnoses for which psychotropics may be prescribed off-label.<h4>Conclusions and relevance</h4>This registry study of data from a large representative sample of the Danish population showed that the majority of individuals either received a diagnosis of a mental health disorder or were prescribed psychotropic medication during their lifetime, which was associated with subsequent socioeconomic difficulties. These findings may help change our understanding of normalcy and mental illness, reduce stigmatization, and further prompt rethinking the primary prevention of mental illness and future mental health clinical resources.}, Doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2206}, Key = {fds373558} } @article{fds371655, Author = {Schuette, SA and Andrade, FC and Woodward, JT and Smoski, MJ}, Title = {Identifying modifiable factors associated with psychological health in women experiencing infertility.}, Journal = {J Health Psychol}, Volume = {28}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1143-1156}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13591053231185549}, Abstract = {This study assessed the relationship between modifiable psychological variables and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic growth in women experiencing infertility. U.S. women (N = 457) who identified as experiencing infertility completed standardized self-report measures of mindfulness, self-compassion, positive affect, intolerance of uncertainty, relationship satisfaction, experiential avoidance, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic growth. Clinical and demographic characteristics (age, duration trying to conceive, miscarriage, and childlessness) did not predict depression or anxiety. Lower positive affect and higher experiential avoidance were associated with depression and anxiety. Lower self-compassion was associated with depression; higher intolerance of uncertainty was associated with anxiety. There were indirect effects of mindfulness on anxiety and depression via these variables. Future research should explore whether intervening on these factors reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms. Promoting mindfulness may have beneficial effects on symptoms via its downstream effects on multiple coping variables. Counterintuitively, posttraumatic growth was associated with higher intolerance of uncertainty and experiential avoidance.}, Doi = {10.1177/13591053231185549}, Key = {fds371655} } @article{fds372971, Author = {Towe, SL and Tang, R and Gibson, MJ and Zhang, AR and Meade, CS}, Title = {Longitudinal changes in neurocognitive performance related to drug use intensity in a sample of persons with and without HIV who use illicit stimulants.}, Journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend}, Volume = {251}, Pages = {110923}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110923}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Illicit stimulant use remains a public health concern that has been associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including cognitive deficits. The effects of stimulant use on cognition may be particularly deleterious in persons with HIV. Stimulant use intensity may be an important factor in the magnitude of observed deficits over time. METHODS: We completed neurocognitive testing in a sample of people who use stimulants with (n = 84) and without HIV (n = 123) at baseline and up to 4 follow-up time points over approximately 1 year. Participants reported on substance use at each visit, including frequency of use and stimulant dependence. Mixed effects models examined the relationship between stimulant-related factors and neurocognitive function over time. RESULTS: Participants were mostly male (57%), African American (86%), and 47.41 years old on average. All participants actively used stimulants at enrollment and use remained prevalent throughout the follow-up period, with an average of ≥24 days of use in the past 90 days at all time points. Retention was excellent, with 86% completing all 4 follow-up assessments. Mixed effects models showed that stimulant dependence was associated with lower neurocognitive performance independent of HIV status (p = 0.002), whereas frequency of use had a greater negative impact on performance in participants with HIV compared to those without HIV (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Our key finding is that stimulant-related factors are associated with neurocognitive performance over time, but in complex ways. These findings have important implications for harm reduction approaches, particularly those that target cognitive function.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110923}, Key = {fds372971} } @article{fds370556, Author = {Verschooren, S and Egner, T}, Title = {When the mind's eye prevails: The Internal Dominance over External Attention (IDEA) hypothesis.}, Journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin & Review}, Volume = {30}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1668-1688}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02272-8}, Abstract = {Throughout the 20th century, the psychological literature has considered attention as being primarily directed at the outside world. More recent theories conceive attention as also operating on internal information, and mounting evidence suggests a single, shared attentional focus between external and internal information. Such sharing implies a cognitive architecture where attention needs to be continuously shifted between prioritizing either external or internal information, but the fundamental principles underlying this attentional balancing act are currently unknown. Here, we propose and evaluate one such principle in the shape of the Internal Dominance over External Attention (IDEA) hypothesis: Contrary to the traditional view of attention as being primarily externally oriented, IDEA asserts that attention is inherently biased toward internal information. We provide a theoretical account for why such an internal attention bias may have evolved and examine findings from a wide range of literatures speaking to the balancing of external versus internal attention, including research on working memory, attention switching, visual search, mind wandering, sustained attention, and meditation. We argue that major findings in these disparate research lines can be coherently understood under IDEA. Finally, we consider tentative neurocognitive mechanisms contributing to IDEA and examine the practical implications of more deliberate control over this bias in the context of psychopathology. It is hoped that this novel hypothesis motivates cross-talk between the reviewed research lines and future empirical studies directly examining the mechanisms that steer attention either inward or outward on a moment-by-moment basis.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13423-023-02272-8}, Key = {fds370556} } @article{fds372427, Author = {Wingrove, S and Paek, JJW and Ponce de Leon and R and Fitzsimons, GM}, Title = {Tying the value of goals to social class.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {125}, Number = {4}, Pages = {699-719}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000346}, Abstract = {Although everyone strives toward valued goals, we suggest that not everyone will be perceived as doing so equally. In this research, we examine the tendency to use social class as a cue to understand the importance of others' goals. Six studies find evidence of a goal-value bias: Observers perceive goals across a variety of domains as more valuable to higher class than to lower class individuals (Studies 1-6). These perceptions do not appear to reflect reality (pilot study), and those who are strongly motivated to justify inequality show the bias to a greater extent (Studies 5 and 6), suggesting a motivated pathway. We also explore implications of the bias, finding that Americans tend to offer better opportunities to, and prefer to collaborate with, higher class than lower class others, revealing discriminatory outcomes that are partially driven by perceived goal value (Studies 2, 3, 4, 6). Results suggest that Americans expect higher class individuals to value achieving goals more than their lower class counterparts, fueling increased support for those who are already ahead. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pspa0000346}, Key = {fds372427} } @article{fds372412, Author = {Quick, KN and Vissoci, JRN and Green, EP and Chase, RM and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Adaptation and Evaluation of a Picture-Based Measure of Parent Discipline}, Journal = {Journal of Child and Family Studies}, Volume = {32}, Number = {10}, Pages = {2901-2914}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02640-x}, Abstract = {Harsh parenting behaviors are some of the most commonly used discipline practices in the United States but are often difficult to measure. Self-report instruments are the most used method of assessing parenting behaviors, but likely result in response biases due to their methodological shortcomings. This study aimed to provide a viable alternative to traditional self-report surveys used to evaluate parenting practices with lower social desirability and lower literacy requirements. Our primary objectives were to adapt the Harsh Discipline Preference Discrete Choice Experiment (HDP-DCE), a picture-based measure originally developed for Liberia, for use with an American population, and evaluate its psychometric evidence of reliability and validity. We first adapted items through an iterative process of collecting feedback from 97 parents and 10 experts through focus groups and surveys to generate clear and acceptable images to elicit preferences for discipline strategies. We then administered the measure to 439 parents to explore the internal structure of the measure and evaluate multiple indicators of reliability and validity. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in three potential factor-solutions, with the three-factor solution explaining the most variance and being the most theoretically sound. Analyses also demonstrated that the HDP-DCE has excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Given these results the HDP-DCE could be a useful alternative or complement to traditional self-report tools in research and clinical work.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10826-023-02640-x}, Key = {fds372412} } @article{fds373561, Author = {Venturo-Conerly, K and Osborn, TL and Puffer, ES and Weisz, J and van der Markt, A}, Title = {RE: Do no harm: can school mental health interventions cause iatrogenic harm?}, Journal = {BJPsych bulletin}, Volume = {47}, Number = {5}, Pages = {300-301}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2023.65}, Doi = {10.1192/bjb.2023.65}, Key = {fds373561} } @article{fds373562, Author = {Johnson, S and Quick, KN and Rieder, AD and Rasmussen, JD and Sanyal, A and Green, EP and Duerr, E and Nagy, GA and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Social Vulnerability, COVID-19, Racial Violence, and Depressive Symptoms: a Cross-sectional Study in the Southern United States.}, Journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01831-y}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>In March 2020, the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic. In May 2020, George Floyd was murdered, catalyzing a national racial reckoning. In the Southern United States, these events occurred in the context of a history of racism and high rates of poverty and discrimination, especially among racially and ethnically minoritized populations.<h4>Objectives</h4>In this study, we examine social vulnerabilities, the perceived impacts of COVID-19 and the national racial reckoning, and how these are associated with depression symptoms in the South.<h4>Methods</h4>Data were collected from 961 adults between June and November 2020 as part of an online survey study on family well-being during COVID-19. The sample was majority female (87.2%) and consisted of 661 White participants, 143 Black participants, and 157 other racial and ethnic minoritized participants. Existing social vulnerability, perceived impact of COVID-19 and racial violence and protests on families, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to predict variance in depressive symptoms.<h4>Results</h4>Half of the sample (52%) reported a negative impact of COVID-19, and 66% reported a negative impact of national racial violence/protests. Depressive symptoms were common with 49.8% meeting the cutoff for significant depressive symptoms; Black participants had lower levels of depressive symptoms. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis indicate social vulnerabilities and the perceived negative impact of COVID-19 and racial violence/protests each contribute to variance in depressive symptoms. Race-specific sensitivity analysis clarified distinct patterns in predictors of depressive symptoms.<h4>Conclusion</h4>People in the South report being negatively impacted by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of racial violence/protests in 2020, though patterns differ by racial group. These events, on top of pre-existing social vulnerabilities, help explain depressive symptoms in the South during 2020.}, Doi = {10.1007/s40615-023-01831-y}, Key = {fds373562} } @article{fds369711, Author = {Howard, J and Herold, B and Major, S and Leahy, C and Ramseur, K and Franz, L and Deaver, M and Vermeer, S and Carpenter, KL and Murias, M and Huang, WA and Dawson, G}, Title = {Associations between executive function and attention abilities and language and social communication skills in young autistic children.}, Journal = {Autism}, Volume = {27}, Number = {7}, Pages = {2135-2144}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231154310}, Abstract = {Executive functioning describes a set of cognitive processes that affect thinking and behavior. Past research has shown that autistic individuals often have delays in the acquisition of executive function abilities. Our study explored how differences in executive function and attention abilities relate to social abilities and communication/language in 180 young autistic children. Data were gathered via caregiver report (questionnaires/interviews) and an assessment of vocabulary skills. The ability to sustain attention to a dynamic video was measured via eye tracking. We found that children with higher levels of executive function skills demonstrated lower levels of social pragmatic problems, a measure of having difficulties in social contexts. Furthermore, children who were able to sustain their attention longer to the video displayed higher levels of expressive language. Our results emphasize the importance of executive function and attention skills across multiple areas of functioning in autistic children, in particular those that involve language and social communication.}, Doi = {10.1177/13623613231154310}, Key = {fds369711} } @article{fds373014, Author = {Perochon, S and Di Martino and JM and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Franz, L and Krishnappa Babu, PR and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {Early detection of autism using digital behavioral phenotyping.}, Journal = {Nat Med}, Volume = {29}, Number = {10}, Pages = {2489-2497}, Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3}, Abstract = {Early detection of autism, a neurodevelopmental condition associated with challenges in social communication, ensures timely access to intervention. Autism screening questionnaires have been shown to have lower accuracy when used in real-world settings, such as primary care, as compared to research studies, particularly for children of color and girls. Here we report findings from a multiclinic, prospective study assessing the accuracy of an autism screening digital application (app) administered during a pediatric well-child visit to 475 (17-36 months old) children (269 boys and 206 girls), of which 49 were diagnosed with autism and 98 were diagnosed with developmental delay without autism. The app displayed stimuli that elicited behavioral signs of autism, quantified using computer vision and machine learning. An algorithm combining multiple digital phenotypes showed high diagnostic accuracy with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.90, sensitivity = 87.8%, specificity = 80.8%, negative predictive value = 97.8% and positive predictive value = 40.6%. The algorithm had similar sensitivity performance across subgroups as defined by sex, race and ethnicity. These results demonstrate the potential for digital phenotyping to provide an objective, scalable approach to autism screening in real-world settings. Moreover, combining results from digital phenotyping and caregiver questionnaires may increase autism screening accuracy and help reduce disparities in access to diagnosis and intervention.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3}, Key = {fds373014} } @misc{fds374977, Author = {Feibel, AB and DeVito, MS and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, SN and Dawson, G}, Title = {6.12 Home Video Analysis of Affect and Attention at 12 Months in ASD and ADHD}, Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, Volume = {62}, Number = {10}, Pages = {S289-S290}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.419}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.419}, Key = {fds374977} } @misc{fds374978, Author = {Barnes, LB and DeVito, MS and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, SN and Dawson, G}, Title = {6.3 Early Motor and Communication Indicators of ASD and ADHD and Prediction of Later Skills Based on Home Video Coding at 12 Months}, Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, Volume = {62}, Number = {10}, Pages = {S286-S287}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.410}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.410}, Key = {fds374978} } @article{fds373982, Author = {Wolf, W and Tomasello, M}, Title = {A Shared Intentionality Account of Uniquely Human Social Bonding.}, Journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Pages = {17456916231201795}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231201795}, Abstract = {Many mechanisms of social bonding are common to all primates, but humans seemingly have developed some that are unique to the species. These involve various kinds of interactive experiences-from taking a walk together to having a conversation-whose common feature is the triadic sharing of experience. Current theories of social bonding have no explanation for why humans should have these unique bonding mechanisms. Here we propose a shared intentionality account of uniquely human social bonding. Humans evolved to participate with others in unique forms of cooperative and communicative activities that both depend on and create shared experience. Sharing experience in these activities causes partners to feel closer because it allows them to assess their partner's cooperative competence and motivation toward them and because the shared representations created during such interactions make subsequent cooperative interactions easier and more effective.}, Doi = {10.1177/17456916231201795}, Key = {fds373982} } @article{fds370890, Author = {Vasil, J and Moore, C and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Thought and language: association of groupmindedness with young English-speaking children’s production of pronouns}, Journal = {First Language}, Volume = {43}, Number = {5}, Pages = {516-538}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01427237231169398}, Abstract = {Shared intentionality theory posits that at age 3, children expand their conception of plural agency to include 3- or more-person groups. We sought to determine whether this conceptual shift is detectable in children’s pronoun use. We report the results of a series of Bayesian hierarchical generative models fitted to 479 English-speaking children’s first-person plural, first-person singular, second-person, third-person plural, and third-person singular pronouns. As a proportion of pronouns, children used more first-person plural pronouns, only, after 3;0 compared to before. Additionally, children used more 1pp. pronouns when their mothers used more 1pp. pronouns. As a proportion of total utterances, all pronoun classes were used more often as children aged. These findings suggest that a shift in children’s social conceptualizations at age 3 is reflected in their use of 1pp. pronouns.}, Doi = {10.1177/01427237231169398}, Key = {fds370890} } @article{fds372973, Author = {Halim, MLD and Atwood, S and Osornio, AC and Pauker, K and Dunham, Y and Olson, KR and Gaither, SE}, Title = {Parent and self-socialization of gender intergroup attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors among ethnically and geographically diverse young children.}, Journal = {Developmental Psychology}, Volume = {59}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1933-1950}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001586}, Abstract = {Previous work has shown the robust nature of gender bias in both children and adults. However, much less attention has been paid toward understanding what factors shape these biases. The current preregistered study used parent surveys and child interviews to test whether parents' conversations with their children about and modeling of gender intergroup relations and/or children's self-guided interests about gender (self-socialization) contribute to the formation of gender attitudes, status perceptions, and gender intergroup behaviors among young 4- to 6-year-old children. Our participant sample also allowed us to explore variation by child gender, ethnicity (Asian-, Black-, Latiné-, and White-American), and U.S. geographical region (Northeast, Pacific Northwest, West, Southeast, and Hawaii). Data suggest that children whose parents reported they were especially active in seeking information about gender tended to allocate more resources to same-gender versus other-gender children and expressed less positive evaluations of other-gender children in comparison to children who were less active. By contrast, we found that parents' conversations with their children about gender intergroup relations and about gender-play stereotypes showed few connections with children's gender attitudes. In terms of demographic differences, boys raised in households with more unequal versus equal division of labor perceived that men had higher status than women, but few differences by ethnicity or geographic region emerged. In sum, our study suggests that both self- and parent socialization processes are at play in shaping early gender attitudes, status perceptions, and gender intergroup behavior, although self-socialization seemed to play a larger role. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/dev0001586}, Key = {fds372973} } @article{fds373411, Author = {Salvador, CE and Idrovo Carlier and S and Ishii, K and Torres Castillo, C and Nanakdewa, K and San Martin and A and Savani, K and Kitayama, S}, Title = {Emotionally expressive interdependence in Latin America: Triangulating through a comparison of three cultural zones.}, Journal = {Emotion}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0001302}, Abstract = {Evidence suggests that Latin Americans display elevated levels of emotional expressivity and positivity. Here, we tested whether Latin Americans possess a unique form of interdependence called expressive interdependence, characterized by the open expression of positive emotions related to social engagement (e.g., feelings of closeness to others). In Study 1, we compared Latin Americans from Chile and Mexico with European Americans in the United States, a group known to be highly independent. Latin Americans expressed positive socially engaging emotions, particularly in response to negative events affecting others, whereas European Americans favored positive socially disengaging emotions, such as pride, especially in response to personally favorable circumstances. Study 2 replicated these findings with another group of Latin Americans from Colombia and European Americans in the United States. Study 2 also included Japanese in Japan, who expressed positive emotions less than Latin and European Americans. However, Japanese displayed a higher tendency to express negative socially engaging emotions, such as guilt and shame, compared to both groups. Our data demonstrate that emotional expression patterns align with overarching ethos of interdependence in Latin America and Japan and independence among European Americans. However, Latin Americans and Japanese exhibited different styles of interdependence. Latin Americans were expressive of positive socially engaging emotions, whereas Japanese were less expressive overall. Moreover, when Japanese expressed emotions, they emphasized negative socially engaging emotions. Implications for theories of culture and emotion are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/emo0001302}, Key = {fds373411} } @article{fds373555, Author = {Gjorgieva, E and Morales-Torres, R and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {Neural retrieval processes occur more rapidly for visual mental images that were previously encoded with high-vividness.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, Volume = {33}, Number = {19}, Pages = {10234-10244}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad278}, Abstract = {Visual mental imagery refers to our ability to experience visual images in the absence of sensory stimulation. Studies have shown that visual mental imagery can improve episodic memory. However, we have limited understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement. Using electroencephalography, we examined the neural processes associated with the retrieval of previously generated visual mental images, focusing on how the vividness at generation can modulate retrieval processes. Participants viewed word stimuli referring to common objects, forming a visual mental image of each word and rating the vividness of the mental image. This was followed by a surprise old/new recognition task. We compared retrieval performance for items rated as high- versus low-vividness at encoding. High-vividness items were retrieved with faster reaction times and higher confidence ratings in the memory judgment. While controlling for confidence, neural measures indicated that high-vividness items produced an earlier decrease in alpha-band activity at retrieval compared with low-vividness items, suggesting an earlier memory reinstatement. Even when low-vividness items were remembered with high confidence, they were not retrieved as quickly as high-vividness items. These results indicate that when highly vivid mental images are encoded, the speed of their retrieval occurs more rapidly, relative to low-vivid items.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad278}, Key = {fds373555} } @article{fds372939, Author = {Elmore Borbon and D and Tant Blackmon and E and Nctsn Unaccompanied Children Task Force, and Fairbank, JA}, Title = {Trauma-informed care for unaccompanied children: Lessons learned for practice and policy development.}, Journal = {Psychol Trauma}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001565}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The number of unaccompanied children (UC) arriving in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. UC often encounter traumatic events in their home country, during their migration journey, and upon resettlement. This article describes a congressionally-funded initiative to provide trauma-informed mental health services to UC and children separated from their parents upon arrival in the United States. It also identifies facilitators and barriers to working with UC and offers lessons learned to help inform future practice and policy development aimed at assisting this vulnerable population. METHOD: Data were derived from qualitative interviews and a survey administered to grantees. RESULTS: In total, grantees served 1,195 youth and families across 11 states, including UC, asylees, and new immigrants during the period of December 2018 through September 2019. Youth and families served spoke 16 languages and originated from diverse nations. Services provided included direct services to youth and families; training for providers and community members; partnerships and collaborations; and resource/product development or adaptations. DISCUSSION: Lessons learned and recommendations derived from this initiative can assist others interested in promoting trauma-informed practice and policies for migrant children and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/tra0001565}, Key = {fds372939} } @article{fds372794, Author = {Wang, YC and Adcock, RA and Egner, T}, Title = {Toward an integrative account of internal and external determinants of event segmentation.}, Journal = {Psychon Bull Rev}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02375-2}, Abstract = {Our daily experiences unfold continuously, but we remember them as a series of discrete events through a process called event segmentation. Prominent theories of event segmentation suggest that event boundaries in memory are triggered by significant shifts in the external environment, such as a change in one's physical surroundings. In this review, we argue for a fundamental extension of this research field to also encompass internal state changes as playing a key role in structuring event memory. Accordingly, we propose an expanded taxonomy of event boundary-triggering processes, and review behavioral and neuroscience research on internal state changes in three core domains: affective states, goal states, and motivational states. Finally, we evaluate how well current theoretical frameworks can accommodate the unique and interactive contributions of internal states to event memory. We conclude that a theoretical perspective on event memory that integrates both external environment and internal state changes allows for a more complete understanding of how the brain structures experiences, with important implications for future research in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13423-023-02375-2}, Key = {fds372794} } @article{fds372781, Author = {Wang, YC and Adcock, RA and Egner, T}, Title = {Toward an integrative account of internal and external determinants of event segmentation.}, Journal = {Psychon Bull Rev}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02375-2}, Abstract = {Our daily experiences unfold continuously, but we remember them as a series of discrete events through a process called event segmentation. Prominent theories of event segmentation suggest that event boundaries in memory are triggered by significant shifts in the external environment, such as a change in one's physical surroundings. In this review, we argue for a fundamental extension of this research field to also encompass internal state changes as playing a key role in structuring event memory. Accordingly, we propose an expanded taxonomy of event boundary-triggering processes, and review behavioral and neuroscience research on internal state changes in three core domains: affective states, goal states, and motivational states. Finally, we evaluate how well current theoretical frameworks can accommodate the unique and interactive contributions of internal states to event memory. We conclude that a theoretical perspective on event memory that integrates both external environment and internal state changes allows for a more complete understanding of how the brain structures experiences, with important implications for future research in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13423-023-02375-2}, Key = {fds372781} } @article{fds373635, Author = {Franz, L and Viljoen, M and Askew, S and Brown, M and Dawson, G and Di Martino, JM and Sapiro, G and Sebolai, K and Seris, N and Shabalala, N and Stahmer, A and Turner, EL and de Vries, PJ}, Title = {Autism Caregiver Coaching in Africa (ACACIA): Protocol for a type 1-hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.}, Journal = {medRxiv}, Volume = {19}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e0291883}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.10.23295331}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: While early autism intervention can significantly improve outcomes, gaps in implementation exist globally. These gaps are clearest in Africa, where forty percent of the world's children will live by 2050. Task-sharing early intervention to non-specialists is a key implementation strategy, given the lack of specialists in Africa. Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI) are a class of early autism intervention that can be delivered by caregivers. As a foundational step to address the early autism intervention gap, we adapted a non-specialist delivered caregiver coaching NDBI for the South African context, and pre-piloted this cascaded task-sharing approach in an existing system of care. OBJECTIVES: First, we will test the effectiveness of the caregiver coaching NDBI compared to usual care. Second, we will describe coaching implementation factors within the Western Cape Department of Education in South Africa. METHODS: This is a type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid design; assessor-blinded, group randomized controlled trial. Participants include 150 autistic children (18-72 months) and their caregivers who live in Cape Town, South Africa, and those involved in intervention implementation. Early Childhood Development practitioners, employed by the Department of Education, will deliver 12, one hour, coaching sessions to the intervention group. The control group will receive usual care. Distal co-primary outcomes include the Communication Domain Standard Score (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition) and the Language and Communication Developmental Quotient (Griffiths Scales of Child Development, Third Edition). Proximal secondary outcome include caregiver strategies measured by the sum of five items from the Joint Engagement Rating Inventory. We will describe key implementation determinants. RESULTS: Participant enrolment started in April 2023. Estimated primary completion date is March 2027. CONCLUSION: The ACACIA trial will determine whether a cascaded task-sharing intervention delivered in an educational setting leads to meaningful improvements in communication abilities of autistic children, and identify implementation barriers and facilitators.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.09.10.23295331}, Key = {fds373635} } @article{fds373683, Author = {Whitman, ET and Ryan, CP and Abraham, WC and Addae, A and Corcoran, DL and Elliott, ML and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Knodt, AR and Melzer, TR and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Sugden, K and Williams, BS and Zhou, J and Hariri, AR and Belsky, DW and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A}, Title = {A blood biomarker of accelerated aging in the body associates with worse structural integrity in the brain: replication across three cohorts.}, Journal = {medRxiv}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.06.23295140}, Abstract = {Biological aging is the correlated decline of multi-organ system integrity central to the etiology of many age-related diseases. A novel epigenetic measure of biological aging, DunedinPACE, is associated with cognitive dysfunction, incident dementia, and mortality. Here, we tested for associations between DunedinPACE and structural MRI phenotypes in three datasets spanning midlife to advanced age: the Dunedin Study (age=45 years), the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (mean age=63 years), and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age=75 years). We also tested four additional epigenetic measures of aging: the Horvath clock, the Hannum clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. Across all datasets (total N observations=3,380; total N individuals=2,322), faster DunedinPACE was associated with lower total brain volume, lower hippocampal volume, and thinner cortex. In two datasets, faster DunedinPACE was associated with greater burden of white matter hyperintensities. Across all measures, DunedinPACE and GrimAge had the strongest and most consistent associations with brain phenotypes. Our findings suggest that single timepoint measures of multi-organ decline such as DunedinPACE could be useful for gauging nervous system health.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.09.06.23295140}, Key = {fds373683} } @article{fds372780, Author = {Ulloa Severino and FP and Lawal, OO and Sakers, K and Wang, S and Kim, N and Friedman, AD and Johnson, SA and Sriworarat, C and Hughes, RH and Soderling, SH and Kim, IH and Yin, HH and Eroglu, C}, Title = {Training-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control.}, Journal = {Nature Communications}, Volume = {14}, Number = {1}, Pages = {5522}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41078-z}, Abstract = {Synaptogenesis is essential for circuit development; however, it is unknown whether it is critical for the establishment and performance of goal-directed voluntary behaviors. Here, we show that operant conditioning via lever-press for food reward training in mice induces excitatory synapse formation onto a subset of anterior cingulate cortex neurons projecting to the dorsomedial striatum (ACC→DMS). Training-induced synaptogenesis is controlled by the Gabapentin/Thrombospondin receptor α2δ-1, which is an essential neuronal protein for proper intracortical excitatory synaptogenesis. Using germline and conditional knockout mice, we found that deletion of α2δ-1 in the adult ACC→DMS circuit diminishes training-induced excitatory synaptogenesis. Surprisingly, this manipulation does not impact learning but results in a significant increase in effort exertion without affecting sensitivity to reward value or changing contingencies. Bidirectional optogenetic manipulation of ACC→DMS neurons rescues or phenocopies the behaviors of the α2δ-1 cKO mice, highlighting the importance of synaptogenesis within this cortico-striatal circuit in regulating effort exertion.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41078-z}, Key = {fds372780} } @article{fds372830, Author = {Dawson, G}, Title = {Could an Eye-Tracking Test Aid Clinicians in Making an Autism Diagnosis?: New Findings and a Look to the Future.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {330}, Number = {9}, Pages = {815-817}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.3092}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.2023.3092}, Key = {fds372830} } @article{fds371260, Author = {Gehrt, TB and Nielsen, NP and Hoyle, RH and Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D}, Title = {Narrative identity does not predict well-being when controlling for emotional valence.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {31}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1051-1061}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2218632}, Abstract = {Narrative identity refers to a person's internalized and evolving life story. It is a rapidly growing research field, motivated by studies showing a unique association with well-being. Here we show that this association disappears when controlling for the emotional valence of the stories told and individuals' general experience of autobiographical memory. Participants (<i>N </i>= 235) wrote their life story and completed questionnaires on their general experience of autobiographical memory and several dimensions of well-being and affect. Participants' life stories were coded for standard narrative identity variables, including agency and communion. When controlling for emotional valence of the life story, the general experience of autobiographical memory was a significant predictor of most well-being measures, whereas agency was a predictor of one variable only and communion of none. These findings contradict the claim of an incremental association between narrative identity and well-being, and have important theoretical and practical implications for narrative identity as an outcome measure in interventions.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2218632}, Key = {fds371260} } @article{fds367771, Author = {Faul, L and Baumann, MG and LaBar, KS}, Title = {The representation of emotional experience from imagined scenarios.}, Journal = {Emotion}, Volume = {23}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1670-1686}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0001192}, Abstract = {One of the key unresolved issues in affective science is understanding how the subjective experience of emotion is structured. Semantic space theory has shed new light on this debate by applying computational methods to high-dimensional data sets containing self-report ratings of emotional responses to visual and auditory stimuli. We extend this approach here to the emotional experience induced by imagined scenarios. Participants chose at least one emotion category label among 34 options or provided ratings on 14 affective dimensions while imagining two-sentence hypothetical scenarios. A total of 883 scenarios were rated by at least 11 different raters on categorical or dimensional qualities, with a total of 796 participants contributing to the final normed stimulus set. Principal component analysis reduced the categorical data to 24 distinct varieties of reported experience, while cluster visualization indicated a blended, rather than discrete, distribution of the corresponding emotion space. Canonical correlation analysis between the categorical and dimensional data further indicated that category endorsement accounted for more variance in dimensional ratings than vice versa, with 10 canonical variates unifying change in category loadings with affective dimensions such as valence, arousal, safety, and commitment. These findings indicate that self-reported emotional responses to imaginative experiences exhibit a clustered structure, although clusters are separated by fuzzy boundaries, and variable dimensional properties associate with smooth gradients of change in categorical judgments. The resultant structure supports the tenets of semantic space theory and demonstrates some consistency with prior work using different emotional stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/emo0001192}, Key = {fds367771} } @article{fds371744, Author = {Taylor, MK and Marsh, EJ and Samanez-Larkin, GR}, Title = {Heuristic decision-making across adulthood.}, Journal = {Psychology and Aging}, Volume = {38}, Number = {6}, Pages = {508-518}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000726}, Abstract = {In general, research on aging and decision-making has grown in recent years. Yet, little work has investigated how reliance on classic heuristics may differ across adulthood. For example, younger adults rely on the availability of information from memory when judging the relative frequency of plane crashes versus car accidents, but it is unclear if older adults are similarly reliant on this heuristic. In the present study, participants aged 20-90 years old made judgments that could be answered by relying on five different heuristics: anchoring, availability, recognition, representativeness, and sunk-cost bias. We found no evidence of age-related differences in the use of the classic heuristics-younger and older adults employed anchoring, availability, recognition, and representativeness to equal degrees in order to make decisions. However, replicating past work, we found age-related differences in the sunk-cost bias-older adults were more likely to avoid this fallacy compared to younger adults. We explain these different patterns by drawing on the distinctive roles that stored knowledge and personal experience likely play across heuristics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pag0000726}, Key = {fds371744} } @article{fds371045, Author = {Li, Y and Reed, SD and Winger, JG and Hyland, KA and Fisher, HM and Kelleher, SA and Miller, SN and Davidian, M and Laber, EB and Keefe, FJ and Somers, TJ}, Title = {Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Evaluating Delivery Strategies for Pain Coping Skills Training in Women With Breast Cancer.}, Journal = {J Pain}, Volume = {24}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1712-1720}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.05.004}, Abstract = {Pain coping skills training (PCST) is efficacious in patients with cancer, but clinical access is limited. To inform implementation, as a secondary outcome, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of 8 dosing strategies of PCST evaluated in a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial among women with breast cancer and pain (N = 327). Women were randomized to initial doses and re-randomized to subsequent doses based on their initial response (ie, ≥30% pain reduction). A decision-analytic model was designed to incorporate costs and benefits associated with 8 different PCST dosing strategies. In the primary analysis, costs were limited to resources required to deliver PCST. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were modeled based on utility weights measured with the EuroQol-5 dimension 5-level at 4 assessments over 10 months. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to account for parameter uncertainty. Implementation of PCST initiated with the 5-session protocol was more costly ($693-853) than strategies initiated with the 1-session protocol ($288-496). QALYs for strategies beginning with the 5-session protocol were greater than for strategies beginning with the 1-session protocol. With the goal of implementing PCST as part of comprehensive cancer treatment and with willingness-to-pay thresholds ranging beyond $20,000 per QALY, the strategy most likely to provide the greatest number of QALYs at an acceptable cost was a 1-session PCST protocol followed by either 5 maintenance telephone calls for responders or 5 sessions of PCST for nonresponders. A PCST program with 1 initial session and subsequent dosing based on response provides good value and improved outcomes. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the results of a cost analysis of the delivery of PCST, a nonpharmacological intervention, to women with breast cancer and pain. Results could potentially provide important cost-related information to health care providers and systems on the use of an efficacious and accessible nonmedication strategy for pain management. TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02791646, registered 6/2/2016.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2023.05.004}, Key = {fds371045} } @article{fds371046, Author = {Somers, TJ and Winger, JG and Fisher, HM and Hyland, KA and Davidian, M and Laber, EB and Miller, SN and Kelleher, SA and Plumb Vilardaga and JC and Majestic, C and Shelby, RA and Reed, SD and Kimmick, GG and Keefe, FJ}, Title = {Behavioral cancer pain intervention dosing: results of a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial.}, Journal = {Pain}, Volume = {164}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1935-1941}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002915}, Abstract = {Behavioral pain management interventions are efficacious for reducing pain in patients with cancer. However, optimal dosing of behavioral pain interventions for pain reduction is unknown, and this hinders routine clinical use. A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) was used to evaluate whether varying doses of Pain Coping Skills Training (PCST) and response-based dose adaptation can improve pain management in women with breast cancer. Participants (N = 327) had stage I-IIIC breast cancer and a worst pain score of > 5/10. Pain severity (a priori primary outcome) was assessed before initial randomization (1:1 allocation) to PCST-Full (5 sessions) or PCST-Brief (1 session) and 5 to 8 weeks later. Responders ( > 30% pain reduction) were rerandomized to a maintenance dose or no dose and nonresponders (<30% pain reduction) to an increased or maintenance dose. Pain severity was assessed again 5 to 8 weeks later (assessment 3) and 6 months later (assessment 4). As hypothesized, PCST-Full resulted in greater mean percent pain reduction than PCST-Brief (M [SD] = -28.5% [39.6%] vs M [SD]= -14.8% [71.8%]; P = 0.041). At assessment 3 after second dosing, all intervention sequences evidenced pain reduction from assessment 1 with no differences between sequences. At assessment 4, all sequences evidenced pain reduction from assessment 1 with differences between sequences ( P = 0.027). Participants initially receiving PCST-Full had greater pain reduction at assessment 4 ( P = 0.056). Varying PCST doses led to pain reduction over time. Intervention sequences demonstrating the most durable decreases in pain reduction included PCST-Full. Pain Coping Skills Training with intervention adjustment based on response can produce sustainable pain reduction.}, Doi = {10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002915}, Key = {fds371046} } @article{fds370238, Author = {Bai, S and Rolon-Arroyo, B and Walkup, JT and Kendall, PC and Ginsburg, GS and Keeton, CP and Albano, AM and Compton, SN and Sakolsky, D and Piacentini, J and Peris, TS}, Title = {Anxiety symptom trajectories from treatment to 5- to 12-year follow-up across childhood and adolescence.}, Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {64}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1336-1345}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13796}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The current study examined trajectories of anxiety during (a) acute treatment and (b) extended follow-up to better characterize the long-term symptom trajectories of youth who received evidence-based intervention for anxiety disorders using a person-centered approach. METHOD: Participants were 319 youth (age 7-17 years at enrollment), who participated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial for the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders, Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study, and a 4-year naturalistic follow-up, Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study, an average of 6.5 years later. Using growth mixture modeling, the study identified distinct trajectories of anxiety across acute treatment (Weeks 0-12), posttreatment (Weeks 12-36), and the 4-year-long follow-up, and identified baseline predictors of these trajectories. RESULTS: Three nonlinear anxiety trajectories emerged: "short-term responders" who showed rapid treatment response but had higher levels of anxiety during the extended follow-up; "durable responders" who sustained treatment gains; and "delayed remitters" who did not show an initial response to treatment, but showed low levels of anxiety during the maintenance and extended follow-up periods. Worse anxiety severity and better family functioning at baseline predicted membership in the delayed remitters group. Caregiver strain differentiated short-term responders from durable responders. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that initial response to treatment does not guarantee sustained treatment gains over time for some youth. Future follow-up studies that track treated youth across key developmental transitions and in the context of changing social environments are needed to inform best practices for the long-term management of anxiety.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13796}, Key = {fds370238} } @article{fds372841, Author = {Nayak, A and Alkaitis, MS and Nayak, K and Nikolov, M and Weinfurt, KP and Schulman, K}, Title = {Comparison of History of Present Illness Summaries Generated by a Chatbot and Senior Internal Medicine Residents.}, Journal = {Jama Internal Medicine}, Volume = {183}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1026-1027}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.2561}, Doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.2561}, Key = {fds372841} } @article{fds370881, Author = {Jongman-Sereno, KP and Hoyle, RH and Davisson, EK and Park, J}, Title = {Intellectual Humility and Responsiveness to Public Health Recommendations.}, Journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, Volume = {211}, Pages = {112243}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112243}, Abstract = {We examined the association between intellectual humility (IH)-a willingness to consider credible new information and alternative views and revise one's own views if warranted-and adherence to experts' health behavior recommendations in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 541) results showed that people higher in IH are more likely to engage in recommended health behaviors (e.g., mask-wearing, social distancing)-even when controlling for political affiliation. Additional analyses focused specifically on mask-wearing produced initial evidence consistent with mediation of the IH-mask-wearing relationship by the beliefs that mask-wearing 1) is an effective way to slow the spread of COVID-19 and 2) protects others. Based on the pathway from IH to mask-wearing through a concern for others found in Study 1, Study 2 further examined the relationship between IH and prosocial tendencies. The results from Study 2 (<i>N</i>s for correlation coefficients ranged from 265 to 702) showed an association between IH and several values and traits that reflect a concern for others (e.g., agreeableness, benevolence). These findings suggest that IH may influence behavior through both intra- and interpersonal mechanisms. Implications of these findings for the health-behavior domain are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2023.112243}, Key = {fds370881} } @article{fds371263, Author = {Gehrt, TB and Nielsen, NP and Hoyle, RH and Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D}, Title = {Narrative identity does not predict well-being when controlling for emotional valence.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {31}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1051-1061}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2218632}, Abstract = {Narrative identity refers to a person's internalized and evolving life story. It is a rapidly growing research field, motivated by studies showing a unique association with well-being. Here we show that this association disappears when controlling for the emotional valence of the stories told and individuals' general experience of autobiographical memory. Participants (<i>N </i>= 235) wrote their life story and completed questionnaires on their general experience of autobiographical memory and several dimensions of well-being and affect. Participants' life stories were coded for standard narrative identity variables, including agency and communion. When controlling for emotional valence of the life story, the general experience of autobiographical memory was a significant predictor of most well-being measures, whereas agency was a predictor of one variable only and communion of none. These findings contradict the claim of an incremental association between narrative identity and well-being, and have important theoretical and practical implications for narrative identity as an outcome measure in interventions.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2218632}, Key = {fds371263} } @article{fds370648, Author = {Dias, RS and Spiller, SA and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Understanding effect sizes in consumer psychology}, Journal = {Marketing Letters}, Volume = {34}, Number = {3}, Pages = {367-374}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-023-09680-9}, Abstract = {Over the past decade, behavioral scientists have learned that many findings in the field may not replicate, leading to calls for change in how behavioral research is conducted. Krefeld-Schwalb and Scheibehenne (2023) examine changes in the methodological practices in consumer research between 2008 and 2020. They find that sample sizes have increased and that effect sizes have decreased. In this article, we take these findings as a starting point and reflect on how we can further improve methodological practices in the field. We argue that in order to build a more replicable, rigorous field, we must place effect sizes at the center of scientific reasoning. Specifically, we make four claims about effect sizes that we hope will help consumer researchers plan, conduct, and interpret their research: (1) effect sizes in consumer psychology are small, and that is a natural consequence of the field’s maturity; (2) effect sizes need to be contextualized; (3) our samples are still too small to detect the small effects of modern empirical consumer research; and (4) larger samples do not inherently generate smaller effects. It is our hope that the current article increases the field’s understanding about effect sizes and motivates researchers to place effect sizes at the center of their scientific reasoning. By thinking carefully about effect sizes, we believe we can collectively improve methodological practices and confidence in the findings of consumer psychology.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11002-023-09680-9}, Key = {fds370648} } @article{fds372265, Author = {Lovich, SN and King, CD and Murphy, DLK and Abbasi, H and Bruns, P and Shera, CA and Groh, JM}, Title = {Conserved features of eye movement related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) across humans and monkeys.}, Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences}, Volume = {378}, Number = {1886}, Pages = {20220340}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0340}, Abstract = {Auditory and visual information involve different coordinate systems, with auditory spatial cues anchored to the head and visual spatial cues anchored to the eyes. Information about eye movements is therefore critical for reconciling visual and auditory spatial signals. The recent discovery of eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) suggests that this process could begin as early as the auditory periphery. How this reconciliation might happen remains poorly understood. Because humans and monkeys both have mobile eyes and therefore both must perform this shift of reference frames, comparison of the EMREO across species can provide insights to shared and therefore important parameters of the signal. Here we show that rhesus monkeys, like humans, have a consistent, significant EMREO signal that carries parametric information about eye displacement as well as onset times of eye movements. The dependence of the EMREO on the horizontal displacement of the eye is its most consistent feature, and is shared across behavioural tasks, subjects and species. Differences chiefly involve the waveform frequency (higher in monkeys than in humans) and patterns of individual variation (more prominent in monkeys than in humans), and the waveform of the EMREO when factors due to horizontal and vertical eye displacements were controlled for. This article is part of the theme issue 'Decision and control processes in multisensory perception'.}, Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0340}, Key = {fds372265} } @article{fds367501, Author = {Slutske, WS and Richmond-Rakerd, LS and Piasecki, TM and Ramrakha, S and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A}, Title = {Disordered gambling in a longitudinal birth cohort: from childhood precursors to adult life outcomes.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {12}, Pages = {5800-5808}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722003051}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Despite its introduction into the diagnostic nomenclature over four decades ago, there remain large knowledge gaps about disordered gambling. The primary aims of the present study were to document the long-term course, childhood precursors, and adult life outcomes associated with disordered gambling.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants enrolled in the population-representative Dunedin Study were prospectively followed from birth through age 45. Disordered gambling was assessed six times from age 18; composite measures of childhood social class, general intelligence, and low self-control were based on assessments obtained from birth through age 15; adult socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes were obtained through age 45. Lifetime disordered gambling was predicted from the three childhood precursors and the adult outcomes were predicted from lifetime disordered gambling.<h4>Results</h4>Past-year disordered gambling usually occurred at only a single time point and recurrence was relatively uncommon. Lower childhood social class, general intelligence, and self-control significantly predicted lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood. In turn, lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood significantly predicted occupational, educational, and financial problems in adulthood (<i>ds</i> = 0.23-0.41). These associations were markedly reduced and sometimes rendered nonsignificant after adjusting for childhood precursors (<i>ds</i> = 0.04-0.32).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes in adulthood are not merely consequences of disordered gambling, but also are predicted from childhood precursors. Deflecting the trajectories of young people at risk for developing disordered gambling may help to ameliorate not just the development of later disordered gambling, but also other associated adverse outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291722003051}, Key = {fds367501} } @article{fds373923, Author = {Ruiz, B and Broadbent, JM and Thomson, WM and Ramrakha, S and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Poulton, R}, Title = {Childhood caries is associated with poor health and a faster pace of aging by midlife.}, Journal = {Journal of Public Health Dentistry}, Volume = {83}, Number = {4}, Pages = {381-388}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12591}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Childhood caries is associated with poorer self-rated general health in adulthood, but it remains unclear whether that holds for physical health and aging. The aim of this study was to identify whether age-5 caries is associated with (a) biomarkers for poor physical health, and (b) the pace of aging (PoA) by age 45 years.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants are members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study birth cohort. At age 45, 94.1% (n = 938) of those still alive took part. Data on age-5 caries experience and age-45 health biomarkers were collected. The PoA captures age-related decline across the cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, immune, dental and pulmonary systems from age 26 to 45 years. We used (a) generalized estimating equations to examine associations between age-5 caries and poor physical health by age 45 years, and (b) ordinary least squares regression to examine whether age-5 caries was associated with the PoA. Analyses adjusted for sex, perinatal health, childhood SES and childhood IQ.<h4>Results</h4>High caries experience at age-5 was associated with higher risk for some metabolic abnormalities, including BMI ≥30, high waist circumference, and high serum leptin. Those with high caries experience at age-5 were aging at a faster rate by age 45 years than those who had been caries-free.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Oral health is essential for wellbeing. Poor oral health can be an early signal of a trajectory towards poor health in adulthood. Management for both conditions should be better-integrated; and integrated population-level prevention strategies should be foundational to any health system.}, Doi = {10.1111/jphd.12591}, Key = {fds373923} } @article{fds372970, Author = {Slutske, WS and Richmond-Rakerd, LS and Piasecki, TM and Ramrakha, S and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A}, Title = {Disordered gambling in a longitudinal birth cohort: from childhood precursors to adult life outcomes.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {12}, Pages = {5800-5808}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722003051}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Despite its introduction into the diagnostic nomenclature over four decades ago, there remain large knowledge gaps about disordered gambling. The primary aims of the present study were to document the long-term course, childhood precursors, and adult life outcomes associated with disordered gambling.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants enrolled in the population-representative Dunedin Study were prospectively followed from birth through age 45. Disordered gambling was assessed six times from age 18; composite measures of childhood social class, general intelligence, and low self-control were based on assessments obtained from birth through age 15; adult socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes were obtained through age 45. Lifetime disordered gambling was predicted from the three childhood precursors and the adult outcomes were predicted from lifetime disordered gambling.<h4>Results</h4>Past-year disordered gambling usually occurred at only a single time point and recurrence was relatively uncommon. Lower childhood social class, general intelligence, and self-control significantly predicted lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood. In turn, lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood significantly predicted occupational, educational, and financial problems in adulthood (<i>ds</i> = 0.23-0.41). These associations were markedly reduced and sometimes rendered nonsignificant after adjusting for childhood precursors (<i>ds</i> = 0.04-0.32).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes in adulthood are not merely consequences of disordered gambling, but also are predicted from childhood precursors. Deflecting the trajectories of young people at risk for developing disordered gambling may help to ameliorate not just the development of later disordered gambling, but also other associated adverse outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291722003051}, Key = {fds372970} } @article{fds373925, Author = {Ruiz, B and Broadbent, JM and Thomson, WM and Ramrakha, S and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Poulton, R}, Title = {Childhood caries is associated with poor health and a faster pace of aging by midlife.}, Journal = {Journal of Public Health Dentistry}, Volume = {83}, Number = {4}, Pages = {381-388}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12591}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Childhood caries is associated with poorer self-rated general health in adulthood, but it remains unclear whether that holds for physical health and aging. The aim of this study was to identify whether age-5 caries is associated with (a) biomarkers for poor physical health, and (b) the pace of aging (PoA) by age 45 years.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants are members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study birth cohort. At age 45, 94.1% (n = 938) of those still alive took part. Data on age-5 caries experience and age-45 health biomarkers were collected. The PoA captures age-related decline across the cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, immune, dental and pulmonary systems from age 26 to 45 years. We used (a) generalized estimating equations to examine associations between age-5 caries and poor physical health by age 45 years, and (b) ordinary least squares regression to examine whether age-5 caries was associated with the PoA. Analyses adjusted for sex, perinatal health, childhood SES and childhood IQ.<h4>Results</h4>High caries experience at age-5 was associated with higher risk for some metabolic abnormalities, including BMI ≥30, high waist circumference, and high serum leptin. Those with high caries experience at age-5 were aging at a faster rate by age 45 years than those who had been caries-free.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Oral health is essential for wellbeing. Poor oral health can be an early signal of a trajectory towards poor health in adulthood. Management for both conditions should be better-integrated; and integrated population-level prevention strategies should be foundational to any health system.}, Doi = {10.1111/jphd.12591}, Key = {fds373925} } @article{fds372606, Author = {Meade, CS and Bell, RP and Towe, SL and Lascola, CD and Al-Khalil, K and Gibson, MJ}, Title = {Cocaine use is associated with cerebral white matter hyperintensities in HIV disease.}, Journal = {Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology}, Volume = {10}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1633-1646}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51854}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of cerebral small vessel disease and predictor of cognitive decline, are observed at higher rates in persons with HIV (PWH). The use of cocaine, a potent central nervous system stimulant, is disproportionately common in PWH and may contribute to WMH. METHODS: The sample included of 110 PWH on antiretroviral therapy. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1-weighted anatomical MRI scans were collected, along with neuropsychological testing. FLAIR images were processed using the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox. A hierarchical regression model was run to investigate predictors of WMH burden [block 1: demographics; block 2: cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk; block 3: lesion burden]. RESULTS: The sample was 20% female and 79% African American with a mean age of 45.37. All participants had persistent HIV viral suppression, and the median CD4+ T-cell count was 750. Nearly a third (29%) currently used cocaine regularly, with an average of 23.75 (SD = 20.95) days in the past 90. In the hierarchical linear regression model, cocaine use was a significant predictor of WMH burden (β = .28). WMH burden was significantly correlated with poorer cognitive function (r = -0.27). Finally, higher WMH burden was significantly associated with increased serum concentrations of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) but lower concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO); however, these markers did not differ by COC status. CONCLUSIONS: WMH burden is associated with poorer cognitive performance in PWH. Cocaine use and CVD risk independently contribute to WMH, and addressing these conditions as part of HIV care may mitigate brain injury underlying neurocognitive impairment.}, Doi = {10.1002/acn3.51854}, Key = {fds372606} } @article{fds371128, Author = {Kim, AW and Rieder, AD and Cooper-Vince, CE and Kakuhikire, B and Baguma, C and Satinsky, EN and Perkins, JM and Kiconco, A and Namara, EB and Rasmussen, JD and Ashaba, S and Bangsberg, DR and Tsai, AC and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Maternal adverse childhood experiences, child mental health, and the mediating effect of maternal depression: A cross-sectional, population-based study in rural, southwestern Uganda.}, Journal = {American Journal of Biological Anthropology}, Volume = {182}, Number = {1}, Pages = {19-31}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24758}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aimed to examine the intergenerational effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child mental health outcomes in rural Uganda, as well as the potentially mediating role of maternal depression in this pathway. Additionally, we sought to test the extent to which maternal social group membership attenuated the mediating effect of maternal depression on child mental health.<h4>Methods</h4>Data come from a population-based cohort of families living in the Nyakabare Parish, a rural district in southwestern Uganda. Between 2016 and 2018, mothers completed surveys about childhood adversity, depressive symptoms, social group membership, and their children's mental health. Survey data were analyzed using causal mediation and moderated-mediation analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Among 218 mother-child pairs, 61 mothers (28%) and 47 children (22%) showed symptoms meeting cutoffs for clinically significant psychological distress. In multivariable linear regression models, maternal ACEs had a statistically significant association with severity of child conduct problems, peer problems, and total child difficulty scores. Maternal depression mediated the relationship between maternal ACEs and conduct problems, peer problems, and total difficulty, but this mediating effect was not moderated by maternal group membership.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Maternal depression may act as a potential mechanism linking maternal childhood adversity with poor child mental health in the next generation. Within a context of elevated rates of psychiatric morbidity, high prevalence of childhood adversity, and limited healthcare and economic infrastructures across Uganda, these results emphasize the prioritization of social services and mental health resources for rural Ugandan families.}, Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24758}, Key = {fds371128} } @article{fds371129, Author = {Giusto, A and Vander Missen and MR and Kosgei, G and Njiriri, F and Puffer, E and Kamaru Kwobah and E and Barasa, J and Turissini, M and Rasmussen, J and Ott, M and Binayo, J and Rono, W and Jaguga, F}, Title = {Peer-delivered Problem-solving Therapy for Adolescent Mental Health in Kenya: Adaptation for Context and Training of Peer-counselors.}, Journal = {Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology}, Volume = {51}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1243-1256}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01075-8}, Abstract = {Peer-delivered interventions for adolescent mental health can help address poor access to mental health interventions. Questions remain about how interventions can be adapted for peer delivery and whether peers can be trained. In this study, we adapted problem solving therapy (PST) for peer-delivery with adolescents in Kenya and explored whether peer counselors can be trained in PST. We adapted treatment prior to and during training using the Cultural Adaptation and Contextualization for Implementation framework. Nine peer counselors (Ages 20-24) were selected and trained over 10 days. Peer competencies and knowledge were measured pre-post using a written exam, a written case study, and role plays rated using a standardized competency measure. We chose a version of PST used in India with secondary school adolescents originally delivered by teachers. All materials were translated into Kiswahili. Language and format were adapted to Kenyan adolescents as well as for delivery by peers with a focus on understandability and relevance (e.g., noting shared experience). Metaphors, examples, and visual materials were adapted for the context to reflect the culture and vernacular of Kenyan youth. Peer counselors were able to be trained in PST. Pre-post competencies and understanding of content showed improvements with peers minimally meeting patient needs (pre) on average to moderate/fully meeting patient needs (post). Post-training written exam score showed an average 90% correct. There is an adapted version of PST for Kenyan adolescents and peer delivery. Peer counselors can be trained to deliver a 5-session PST in a community context.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10802-023-01075-8}, Key = {fds371129} } @article{fds372475, Author = {Bey, AL and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Carpenter, KLH and Franz, L and Howard, J and Vermeer, S and Simmons, R and Troy, JD and Dawson, G}, Title = {Automated Video Tracking of Autistic Children's Movement During Caregiver-Child Interaction: An Exploratory Study.}, Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06107-2}, Abstract = {Objective, quantitative measures of caregiver-child interaction during play are needed to complement caregiver or examiner ratings for clinical assessment and tracking intervention responses. In this exploratory study, we examined the feasibility of using automated video tracking, Noldus EthoVision XT, to measure 159 2-to-7-year-old autistic children's patterns of movement during play-based, caregiver-child interactions and examined their associations with standard clinical measures and human observational coding of caregiver-child joint engagement. Results revealed that autistic children who exhibited higher durations and velocity of movement were, on average, younger, had lower cognitive abilities, greater autism-related features, spent less time attending to the caregiver, and showed lower levels of joint engagement. After adjusting for age and nonverbal cognitive abilities, we found that children who remained in close proximity to their caregiver were more likely to engage in joint engagement that required support from the caregiver. These findings suggest that video tracking offers promise as a scalable, quantitative, and relevant measure of autism-related behaviors.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10803-023-06107-2}, Key = {fds372475} } @article{fds372600, Author = {Kushnir, T and Katz, T and Stegall, J}, Title = {A Review of “Becoming Human”}, Journal = {Journal of Cognition and Development}, Volume = {24}, Number = {4}, Pages = {620-622}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2023.2226207}, Doi = {10.1080/15248372.2023.2226207}, Key = {fds372600} } @article{fds369951, Author = {King, CD and Lovich, SN and Murphy, DLK and Landrum, R and Kaylie, D and Shera, CA and Groh, JM}, Title = {Individual similarities and differences in eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs).}, Journal = {bioRxiv}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.09.531896}, Abstract = {We recently discovered a unique type of low-frequency otoacoustic emission (OAE) time-locked to the onset (and offset) of saccadic eye movements and occurring in the absence of external sound (Gruters et al., 2018). How and why these eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) are generated is unknown, with a role in visual-auditory integration being the likeliest candidate. Clues to both the drivers of EMREOs and their purpose can be gleaned by examining responses in normal hearing human subjects. Do EMREOs occur in all individuals with normal hearing? If so, what components of the response occur most consistently? Understanding which attributes of EMREOs are similar across participants and which show more variability will provide the groundwork for future comparisons with individuals with hearing abnormalities affecting the ear's various motor components. Here we report that in subjects with normal hearing thresholds and normal middle ear function, all ears show (a) measurable EMREOs (mean: 58.7 dB SPL; range 45-67 dB SPL for large contralateral saccades), (b) a phase reversal for contra- versus ipsilaterally-directed saccades, (c) a large peak in the signal occurring soon after saccade onset, (d) an additional large peak time-locked to saccade offset and (e) evidence that saccade duration is encoded in the signal. We interpret the attributes of EMREOs that are most consistent across subjects as the ones that are most likely to play an essential role in their function. The individual differences likely reflect normal variation in individuals' auditory system anatomy and physiology, much like traditional measures of auditory function such as auditory-evoked OAEs, tympanometry and auditory-evoked potentials. Future work will compare subjects with different types of auditory dysfunction to population data from normal hearing subjects. Overall, these findings provide important context for the widespread observations of visual- and eye-movement related signals found in cortical and subcortical auditory areas of the brain.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.03.09.531896}, Key = {fds369951} } @article{fds371504, Author = {Yust, PKS and Weeks, MS and Williams, GA and Asher, SR}, Title = {Social relationship provisions and loneliness in school: Child- and classroom-level effects.}, Journal = {Journal of School Psychology}, Volume = {99}, Pages = {101218}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2023.05.001}, Abstract = {Building on social needs theory (Weiss, 1974), this study introduces the construct of classroom provision richness and examines the association between the exchange of social provisions among children in classrooms and children's feelings of loneliness in school. We examined the receipt of provisions from reciprocally nominated friends versus unilateral (one-sided) and non-friend classmates and examined associations between social provisions and loneliness at the child and classroom levels. Participants were 998 third- through fifth-grade children (468 girls, 530 boys; 88.5% White) in 38 classrooms who indicated which classmates they played with, helped, validated, and provided opportunities for self-disclosure. In addition to the social provisions nomination measure, children responded to (a) a measure of loneliness that avoided content overlapping with social provisions, (b) a rating-scale sociometric measure of peer acceptance, and (c) a measure that asked them to indicate which classmates engaged in prosocial, aggressive, or withdrawn-type behaviors. Multilevel analyses indicated that social provisions received from reciprocal friends and from unilateral-received friends were associated with children's feelings of loneliness in school. Furthermore, a measure of the provision richness of classrooms moderated the association between child-level provisions received and feelings of loneliness, such that children who received fewer provisions were less lonely in classrooms that were more provision-rich. Classroom provision richness was also associated with the general level of prosocial behavior and peer acceptance in the classroom. Together, findings suggest that efforts to foster the exchange of social provisions in classrooms could reduce loneliness and facilitate a more caring classroom environment.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jsp.2023.05.001}, Key = {fds371504} } @article{fds370368, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Revising a Self-Regulation Phenotype for Depression Through Individual Differences in Macroscale Brain Organization.}, Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {267-275}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214221149742}, Abstract = {<i>Self-regulation</i> denotes the processes by which people initiate, maintain, and control their own thoughts, behaviors, or emotions to produce a desired outcome or avoid an undesired outcome. Self-regulation brings the influence of distal factors such as biology, temperament, and socialization history onto cognition, motivation, and behavior. Dysfunction in self-regulation represents a contributory causal factor for psychopathology. Accordingly, we previously proposed a risk phenotype model for depression drawing from regulatory focus theory and traditional task-based fMRI studies. In this article, we revise and expand our risk phenotype model using insights from new methodologies allowing quantification of individual differences in task-free macroscale brain organization. We offer a set of hypotheses as examples of how examination of intrinsic macroscale brain organization can extend and enrich investigations of self-regulation and depression. In doing so, we hope to promote a useful heuristic for model development and for identifying transdiagnostic risk phenotypes in psychopathology.}, Doi = {10.1177/09637214221149742}, Key = {fds370368} } @article{fds361176, Author = {Lansford, JE and Skinner, AT and Godwin, J and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Sorbring, E and Steinberg, L and Tapanya, S and Uribe Tirado and LM and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH}, Title = {Pre-pandemic psychological and behavioral predictors of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in nine countries.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {35}, Number = {3}, Pages = {1203-1218}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001139}, Abstract = {Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents (<i>N</i> = 1,330; <i>M</i><sub>ages</sub> = 15 and 16; 50% female), mothers, and fathers from nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, United States) reported on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, adolescents completed a lab-based task to assess tendency for risk-taking, and adolescents reported on their well-being. During the pandemic, participants (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20) reported on changes in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use compared to before the pandemic. Across countries, adolescents' internalizing problems pre-pandemic predicted increased internalizing during the pandemic, and poorer well-being pre-pandemic predicted increased externalizing and substance use during the pandemic. Other relations varied across countries, and some were moderated by confidence in the government's handling of the pandemic, gender, and parents' education.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579421001139}, Key = {fds361176} } @article{fds370389, Author = {Rothenberg, WA and Bizzego, A and Esposito, G and Lansford, JE and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Tapanya, S and Steinberg, L and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP}, Title = {Predicting Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes Across Cultures: A Machine Learning Approach.}, Journal = {Journal of Youth and Adolescence}, Volume = {52}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1595-1619}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01767-w}, Abstract = {Adolescent mental health problems are rising rapidly around the world. To combat this rise, clinicians and policymakers need to know which risk factors matter most in predicting poor adolescent mental health. Theory-driven research has identified numerous risk factors that predict adolescent mental health problems but has difficulty distilling and replicating these findings. Data-driven machine learning methods can distill risk factors and replicate findings but have difficulty interpreting findings because these methods are atheoretical. This study demonstrates how data- and theory-driven methods can be integrated to identify the most important preadolescent risk factors in predicting adolescent mental health. Machine learning models examined which of 79 variables assessed at age 10 were the most important predictors of adolescent mental health at ages 13 and 17. These models were examined in a sample of 1176 families with adolescents from nine nations. Machine learning models accurately classified 78% of adolescents who were above-median in age 13 internalizing behavior, 77.3% who were above-median in age 13 externalizing behavior, 73.2% who were above-median in age 17 externalizing behavior, and 60.6% who were above-median in age 17 internalizing behavior. Age 10 measures of youth externalizing and internalizing behavior were the most important predictors of age 13 and 17 externalizing/internalizing behavior, followed by family context variables, parenting behaviors, individual child characteristics, and finally neighborhood and cultural variables. The combination of theoretical and machine-learning models strengthens both approaches and accurately predicts which adolescents demonstrate above average mental health difficulties in approximately 7 of 10 adolescents 3-7 years after the data used in machine learning models were collected.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10964-023-01767-w}, Key = {fds370389} } @article{fds371049, Author = {Dorfman, CS and Shelby, RA and Stalls, JM and Somers, TJ and Keefe, FJ and Vilardaga, JP and Winger, JG and Mitchell, K and Ehren, C and Oeffinger, KC}, Title = {Improving Symptom Management for Survivors of Young Adult Cancer: Development of a Novel Intervention.}, Journal = {J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {472-487}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2022.0100}, Abstract = {Purpose: Improved symptom management is a critical although unmet post-treatment need for young adult (YA) cancer survivors (aged 18-39 at diagnosis). This study aimed to develop and refine a behavioral symptom management intervention for YA survivors. Methods: Phase I: YA survivors (N = 21) and oncology providers (N = 11) completed individual interviews and an online, self-report assessment to examine symptom experiences, the need for a behavioral symptom management intervention for YAs, and perceptions about potential intervention components, structure, and format. Phase II: YA survivors (N = 10) completed user testing sessions, providing feedback on the prototype intervention materials (paper manual and mobile application), and completed an online assessment. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics. Rapid qualitative analysis, a methodologically rigorous standardized approach, was used. Results: Pain, fatigue, and distress were ranked as top concerns by most YAs and providers. Phase I interviews underscored the need for a symptom management intervention for YAs. YAs and providers highlighted potential coping strategies and program format/structure suggestions (e.g., small group format) to best meet YAs' needs. A prototype intervention was developed combining the following: traditional behavioral symptom coping skills; home-based physical activity; strategies from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy; and strategies to foster self-compassion. Phase II user testing sessions highlighted strengths and suggestions for refining the prototype materials. Conclusion: Post-treatment symptoms are common for YAs. A tailored behavioral symptom management program was developed and refined with input from YAs and providers and will be examined for feasibility and acceptability in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Trial: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04035447.}, Doi = {10.1089/jayao.2022.0100}, Key = {fds371049} } @article{fds370293, Author = {Coles, TM and Lin, L and Weinfurt, K and Reeve, BB and Spertus, JA and Mentz, RJ and Piña, IL and Bocell, FD and Tarver, ME and Saha, A and Caldwell, B}, Title = {Investigating Potential Gender-Based Differential Item Functioning for Items in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Physical Limitations Domain}, Journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life}, Volume = {18}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1785-1798}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10162-3}, Abstract = {Women with heart failure report worse health-related quality of life on average, than men. This may result from actual differences in care or differing interpretations of and responses to survey questions. We investigated potential gender-based differential item functioning on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Physical Limitations domain. Using data from the HF-ACTION trial, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (661 women, 1670 men), we assessed gender-based differential item functioning using a Wald test based on item response theory and ordinal logistic regression. Both methods evaluated how men and women responded to each KCCQ item after adjusting for physical limitation status. No item exhibited statistically significant differential item functioning using the Wald method. Two items exhibited differential item functioning using the ordinal logistic regression method (KCCQ1e: Climbing a flight of stairs without stopping; KCCQ1f: Hurrying or jogging) (P < 0.01), but the magnitude of differential item functioning was negligible. To accurately measure patient-reported outcomes, it is important to evaluate potential biases that may influence the ability to compare patient subgroups. The magnitude of differential item functioning on a 5-item KCCQ Physical Limitation domain was negligible.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11482-023-10162-3}, Key = {fds370293} } @article{fds370932, Author = {Davisson, EK and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Collective Views of Vaccination Predict Vaccine Hesitancy and Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine.}, Journal = {Social and Personality Psychology Compass}, Volume = {17}, Number = {8}, Pages = {e12768}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12768}, Abstract = {We examined the association between sociodemographic factors, views of vaccines as being an individual choice to protect oneself vs. a collective choice to protect others, general vaccine hesitancy, and willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. In a sample of adults (<i>N</i> = 619; 33% non-white), we showed that demographic factors explain significant variance in both vaccine hesitancy and willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Viewing vaccines as an individual choice to protect oneself explained additional variance in vaccine hesitancy. However, people who viewed vaccines as a collective choice to protect others showed both less vaccine hesitancy and greater willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. These findings suggest that promoting prosocial attitudes about vaccinations may decrease vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake.}, Doi = {10.1111/spc3.12768}, Key = {fds370932} } @article{fds370497, Author = {Sugden, K and Moffitt, TE and Arpawong, TE and Arseneault, L and Belsky, DW and Corcoran, DL and Crimmins, EM and Hannon, E and Houts, R and Mill, JS and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Wertz, J and Williams, BS and Caspi, A}, Title = {Cross-National and Cross-Generational Evidence That Educational Attainment May Slow the Pace of Aging in European-Descent Individuals.}, Journal = {The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences}, Volume = {78}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1375-1385}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbad056}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Individuals with more education are at lower risk of developing multiple, different age-related diseases than their less-educated peers. A reason for this might be that individuals with more education age slower. There are 2 complications in testing this hypothesis. First, there exists no definitive measure of biological aging. Second, shared genetic factors contribute toward both lower educational attainment and the development of age-related diseases. Here, we tested whether the protective effect of educational attainment was associated with the pace of aging after accounting for genetic factors.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined data from 5 studies together totaling almost 17,000 individuals with European ancestry born in different countries during different historical periods, ranging in age from 16 to 98 years old. To assess the pace of aging, we used DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation algorithm that reflects an individual's rate of aging and predicts age-related decline and Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. To assess genetic factors related to education, we created a polygenic score based on the results of a genome-wide association study of educational attainment.<h4>Results</h4>Across the 5 studies, and across the life span, higher educational attainment was associated with a slower pace of aging even after accounting for genetic factors (meta-analysis effect size = -0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.30 to -0.10; p = .006). Further, this effect persisted after taking into account tobacco smoking (meta-analysis effect size = -0.13; 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.05; p = .01).<h4>Discussion</h4>These results indicate that higher levels of education have positive effects on the pace of aging, and that the benefits can be realized irrespective of individuals' genetics.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbad056}, Key = {fds370497} } @article{fds371651, Author = {Wertz, J and Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L and Barnes, JC and Boivin, M and Corcoran, DL and Danese, A and Hancox, RJ and Harrington, H and Houts, RM and Langevin, S and Liu, H and Poulton, R and Sugden, K and Tanksley, PT and Williams, BS and Caspi, A}, Title = {Genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance in six cohorts.}, Journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, Volume = {7}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1388-1401}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5}, Abstract = {Genetic inheritance is not the only way parents' genes may affect children. It is also possible that parents' genes are associated with investments into children's development. We examined evidence for links between parental genetics and parental investments, from the prenatal period through to adulthood, using data from six population-based cohorts in the UK, US and New Zealand, together totalling 36,566 parents. Our findings revealed associations between parental genetics-summarized in a genome-wide polygenic score-and parental behaviour across development, from smoking in pregnancy, breastfeeding in infancy, parenting in childhood and adolescence, to leaving a wealth inheritance to adult children. Effect sizes tended to be small at any given time point, ranging from RR = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.09, 1.15) to RR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72, 0.80) during the prenatal period and infancy; β = 0.07 (95%CI 0.04, 0.11) to β = 0.29 (95%CI 0.27, 0.32) in childhood and adolescence, and RR = 1.04 (95%CI 1.01, 1.06) to RR = 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.15) in adulthood. There was evidence for accumulating effects across development, ranging from β = 0.15 (95%CI 0.11, 0.18) to β = 0.23 (95%CI 0.16, 0.29) depending on cohort. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that parents pass on advantages to offspring not only via direct genetic transmission or purely environmental paths, but also via genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5}, Key = {fds371651} } @article{fds370242, Author = {Sugden, K and Moffitt, TE and Arpawong, TE and Arseneault, L and Belsky, DW and Corcoran, DL and Crimmins, EM and Hannon, E and Houts, R and Mill, JS and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Wertz, J and Williams, BS and Caspi, A}, Title = {Cross-National and Cross-Generational Evidence That Educational Attainment May Slow the Pace of Aging in European-Descent Individuals.}, Journal = {The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences}, Volume = {78}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1375-1385}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbad056}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Individuals with more education are at lower risk of developing multiple, different age-related diseases than their less-educated peers. A reason for this might be that individuals with more education age slower. There are 2 complications in testing this hypothesis. First, there exists no definitive measure of biological aging. Second, shared genetic factors contribute toward both lower educational attainment and the development of age-related diseases. Here, we tested whether the protective effect of educational attainment was associated with the pace of aging after accounting for genetic factors.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined data from 5 studies together totaling almost 17,000 individuals with European ancestry born in different countries during different historical periods, ranging in age from 16 to 98 years old. To assess the pace of aging, we used DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation algorithm that reflects an individual's rate of aging and predicts age-related decline and Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. To assess genetic factors related to education, we created a polygenic score based on the results of a genome-wide association study of educational attainment.<h4>Results</h4>Across the 5 studies, and across the life span, higher educational attainment was associated with a slower pace of aging even after accounting for genetic factors (meta-analysis effect size = -0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.30 to -0.10; p = .006). Further, this effect persisted after taking into account tobacco smoking (meta-analysis effect size = -0.13; 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.05; p = .01).<h4>Discussion</h4>These results indicate that higher levels of education have positive effects on the pace of aging, and that the benefits can be realized irrespective of individuals' genetics.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbad056}, Key = {fds370242} } @article{fds371464, Author = {Wertz, J and Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L and Barnes, JC and Boivin, M and Corcoran, DL and Danese, A and Hancox, RJ and Harrington, H and Houts, RM and Langevin, S and Liu, H and Poulton, R and Sugden, K and Tanksley, PT and Williams, BS and Caspi, A}, Title = {Genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance in six cohorts.}, Journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, Volume = {7}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1388-1401}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5}, Abstract = {Genetic inheritance is not the only way parents' genes may affect children. It is also possible that parents' genes are associated with investments into children's development. We examined evidence for links between parental genetics and parental investments, from the prenatal period through to adulthood, using data from six population-based cohorts in the UK, US and New Zealand, together totalling 36,566 parents. Our findings revealed associations between parental genetics-summarized in a genome-wide polygenic score-and parental behaviour across development, from smoking in pregnancy, breastfeeding in infancy, parenting in childhood and adolescence, to leaving a wealth inheritance to adult children. Effect sizes tended to be small at any given time point, ranging from RR = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.09, 1.15) to RR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72, 0.80) during the prenatal period and infancy; β = 0.07 (95%CI 0.04, 0.11) to β = 0.29 (95%CI 0.27, 0.32) in childhood and adolescence, and RR = 1.04 (95%CI 1.01, 1.06) to RR = 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.15) in adulthood. There was evidence for accumulating effects across development, ranging from β = 0.15 (95%CI 0.11, 0.18) to β = 0.23 (95%CI 0.16, 0.29) depending on cohort. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that parents pass on advantages to offspring not only via direct genetic transmission or purely environmental paths, but also via genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5}, Key = {fds371464} } @article{fds371224, Author = {Sinclair, AH and Wang, YC and Adcock, RA}, Title = {Instructed motivational states bias reinforcement learning and memory formation.}, Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, Volume = {120}, Number = {31}, Pages = {e2304881120}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304881120}, Abstract = {Motivation influences goals, decisions, and memory formation. Imperative motivation links urgent goals to actions, narrowing the focus of attention and memory. Conversely, interrogative motivation integrates goals over time and space, supporting rich memory encoding for flexible future use. We manipulated motivational states via cover stories for a reinforcement learning task: The imperative group imagined executing a museum heist, whereas the interrogative group imagined planning a future heist. Participants repeatedly chose among four doors, representing different museum rooms, to sample trial-unique paintings with variable rewards (later converted to bonus payments). The next day, participants performed a surprise memory test. Crucially, only the cover stories differed between the imperative and interrogative groups; the reinforcement learning task was identical, and all participants had the same expectations about how and when bonus payments would be awarded. In an initial sample and a preregistered replication, we demonstrated that imperative motivation increased exploitation during reinforcement learning. Conversely, interrogative motivation increased directed (but not random) exploration, despite the cost to participants' earnings. At test, the interrogative group was more accurate at recognizing paintings and recalling associated values. In the interrogative group, higher value paintings were more likely to be remembered; imperative motivation disrupted this effect of reward modulating memory. Overall, we demonstrate that a prelearning motivational manipulation can bias learning and memory, bearing implications for education, behavior change, clinical interventions, and communication.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2304881120}, Key = {fds371224} } @article{fds371266, Author = {Phillips, RD and Walsh, EC and Zürcher, NR and Lalush, DS and Kinard, JL and Tseng, C-E and Cernasov, PM and Kan, D and Cummings, K and Kelley, L and Campbell, D and Dillon, DG and Pizzagalli, DA and Izquierdo-Garcia, D and Hooker, JM and Smoski, MJ and Dichter, GS}, Title = {Striatal dopamine in anhedonia: A simultaneous [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging}, Volume = {333}, Pages = {111660}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111660}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anhedonia is hypothesized to be associated with blunted mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) functioning in samples with major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine linkages between striatal DA, reward circuitry functioning, anhedonia, and, in an exploratory fashion, self-reported stress, in a transdiagnostic anhedonic sample. METHODS: Participants with (n = 25) and without (n = 12) clinically impairing anhedonia completed a reward-processing task during simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance (PET-MR) imaging with [11C]raclopride, a DA D2/D3 receptor antagonist that selectively binds to striatal DA receptors. RESULTS: Relative to controls, the anhedonia group exhibited decreased task-related DA release in the left putamen, caudate, and nucleus accumbens and right putamen and pallidum. There were no group differences in task-related brain activation (fMRI) during reward processing after correcting for multiple comparisons. General functional connectivity (GFC) findings revealed blunted fMRI connectivity between PET-derived striatal seeds and target regions in the anhedonia group. Associations were identified between anhedonia severity and the magnitude of task-related DA release to rewards in the left putamen, but not mesocorticolimbic GFC. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide evidence for reduced striatal DA functioning during reward processing and blunted mesocorticolimbic network functional connectivity in a transdiagnostic sample with clinically significant anhedonia.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111660}, Key = {fds371266} } @article{fds370718, Author = {Strauman, TJ and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Revising a Self-Regulation Phenotype for Depression Through Individual Differences in Macroscale Brain Organization.}, Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {267-275}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214221149742}, Abstract = {<i>Self-regulation</i> denotes the processes by which people initiate, maintain, and control their own thoughts, behaviors, or emotions to produce a desired outcome or avoid an undesired outcome. Self-regulation brings the influence of distal factors such as biology, temperament, and socialization history onto cognition, motivation, and behavior. Dysfunction in self-regulation represents a contributory causal factor for psychopathology. Accordingly, we previously proposed a risk phenotype model for depression drawing from regulatory focus theory and traditional task-based fMRI studies. In this article, we revise and expand our risk phenotype model using insights from new methodologies allowing quantification of individual differences in task-free macroscale brain organization. We offer a set of hypotheses as examples of how examination of intrinsic macroscale brain organization can extend and enrich investigations of self-regulation and depression. In doing so, we hope to promote a useful heuristic for model development and for identifying transdiagnostic risk phenotypes in psychopathology.}, Doi = {10.1177/09637214221149742}, Key = {fds370718} } @article{fds372426, Author = {Easter, MM and Schramm-Sapyta, NL and Tackett, MA and Larsen, IG and Tang, B and Ralph, MA and Huynh, LN}, Title = {Reliance on Community Emergency Departments by People Ever Detained in Jail: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.}, Journal = {J Correct Health Care}, Volume = {29}, Number = {4}, Pages = {282-292}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jchc.22.02.0011}, Abstract = {Millions are confined in U.S. jails each year, often with unmet health and social needs. After release, many will visit the emergency department (ED). To illuminate their patterns of ED use, this study linked records from all individuals detained at a Southern urban jail over a 5-year period with health records from a large health care system with three EDs. Over half used the ED at least once, and of those who received care at the health system, 83% visited the ED. Jail-involved people made up 4.1% of the health care system's ED users but 21.3% of its chronic frequent ED users. Frequent ED use was associated with more frequent jail bookings and with co-occurring serious mental illness and substance use disorder. Health systems and jails have a common interest in addressing the needs of this population. Individuals with co-occurring disorders should be prioritized for intervention.}, Doi = {10.1089/jchc.22.02.0011}, Key = {fds372426} } @article{fds370959, Author = {Wang, YC and Egner, T}, Title = {Target detection does not influence temporal memory.}, Journal = {Attention, Perception & Psychophysics}, Volume = {85}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1936-1948}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-023-02723-3}, Abstract = {Target detection has been found to enhance memory for concurrently presented stimuli under dual-task conditions. This "attentional boost effect" is reminiscent of findings in the event memory literature, where conditions giving rise to event boundaries have been shown to enhance memory for boundary items. Target detection commonly requires a working memory update (e.g., adding to a covert mental target count), which is also thought to be a key contributor to creating event boundaries. However, whether target detection impacts temporal memory in similar ways as event boundaries remains unknown, because these two parallel literatures have used different types of memory tests, making direct comparisons difficult. In a preregistered experiment with sequential Bayes factor design, we examined whether target detection influences temporal binding between items by inserting target and nontarget stimuli during encoding of trial-unique object images, and then comparing subsequent temporal order and distance memory for image pairs that span a target or nontarget. We found that target detection enhanced recognition memory for target trial images but had no effect on temporal binding between items. In a follow-up experiment, we showed that when the encoding task required updating of task set rather than target count, event segmentation-related temporal memory effects were observed. These results document that target detection as such does not disrupt inter-item associations in memory, and that attention orienting in the absence of updating task sets does not create event boundaries. This suggests a key distinction between declarative and procedural working memory updates in segmenting events in memory.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13414-023-02723-3}, Key = {fds370959} } @article{fds372229, Author = {Siqi-Liu, A and Egner, T}, Title = {Task sets define boundaries of learned cognitive flexibility in list-wide proportion switch manipulations.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance}, Volume = {49}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1111-1122}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001138}, Abstract = {Different contexts in daily life often require varying levels of cognitive flexibility. Previous research has shown that people adapt their level of flexibility to match changing contextual demands for task switching in cued-switching paradigms that vary the proportion of switch trials within lists of trials. Specifically, the behavioral costs of switching as opposed to repeating tasks scale inversely with the proportion of switches-a finding referred to as the list-wide proportion switch (LWPS) effect. Previous research found that flexibility adaptations transferred across stimuli, but were specifically tied to task sets, rather than block-wide changes in flexibility state. In the current study, we conducted additional tests of the hypothesis that flexibility learning is task specific in the LWPS paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, we used trial-unique stimuli and unbiased task cues to control for associative learning tied to stimulus or cue features. Experiment 3 further tested whether task-specific learning occurred even for tasks performed on integrated features of the same stimuli. Across these three experiments, we found robust task-specific flexibility learning, which transferred across novel stimuli and unbiased cues and occurred regardless of stimulus-feature overlap between tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/xhp0001138}, Key = {fds372229} } @article{fds370748, Author = {Kay, AC and Ponce de Leon and R and Ho, AK and Kteily, NS}, Title = {Motivated Egalitarianism}, Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {293-299}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214231154810}, Abstract = {Much research has examined the link between (anti-)egalitarian ideology and motivated social cognition. However, this research is typically framed around anti-egalitarianism, with the other end of this ideological pole, egalitarianism, often ignored altogether or treated as merely the absence of anti-egalitarian-motivated cognition. We integrate long-standing ideas from social dominance theory with contemporary models of motivated social cognition and a recent wave of empirical findings to argue that egalitarian ideology also drives social cognition in meaningful ways. We discuss why pursuing this avenue of research is important and outline several unanswered questions for future research.}, Doi = {10.1177/09637214231154810}, Key = {fds370748} } @article{fds372672, Author = {Kaiser, BN and Kaufman, J and Wall, JT and Healy, EAF and Ayuku, D and Aarons, GA and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Assessing ad-hoc adaptations' alignment with therapeutic goals: a qualitative study of lay counselor-delivered family therapy in Eldoret, Kenya.}, Journal = {Implement Sci Commun}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Pages = {105}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43058-023-00477-5}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>A key question in implementation science is how to balance adaptation and fidelity in translating interventions to new settings. There is growing consensus regarding the importance of planned adaptations to deliver interventions in contextually sensitive ways. However, less research has examined ad-hoc adaptations, or those that occur spontaneously in the course of intervention delivery. A key question is whether ad-hoc adaptations ultimately contribute to or detract from intervention goals. This study aimed to (a) identify ad-hoc adaptations made during delivery of a family therapy intervention and (b) assess whether they promoted or interrupted intervention goals.<h4>Methods</h4>Tuko Pamoja (Swahili: "We are Together") is an evidence-informed family therapy intervention aiming to improve family dynamics and mental health in Kenya. Tuko Pamoja employs a task-shifting model, delivered by lay counselors who are afforded a degree of flexibility in presenting content and in practices they use in sessions. We used transcripts of therapy sessions with 14 families to examine ad-hoc adaptations used by counselors. We first identified and characterized ad-hoc adaptations through a team-based code development, coding, and code description process. Then, we evaluated to what extent ad-hoc adaptations promoted the principles and strategies of the intervention ("TP-promoting"), disrupted them ("TP-interrupting"), or neither ("TP-neutral"). To do this, we first established inter-coder agreement on application of these categories with verification by the intervention developer. Then, coders categorized ad-hoc adaptation text segments as TP-promoting, TP-interrupting, or TP-neutral.<h4>Results</h4>Ad-hoc adaptations were frequent and included (in decreasing order): incorporation of religious content, exemplars/role models, community dynamics and resources, self-disclosure, and metaphors/proverbs. Ad-hoc adaptations were largely TP-promoting (49%) or neutral (39%), but practices were TP-interrupting 12% of the time. TP-interrupting practices most often occurred within religious content and exemplars/role models, which were also the most common practices overall.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Extra attention is needed during planned adaptation, training, and supervision to promote intervention-aligned use of common ad-hoc adaptation practices. Discussing them in trainings can provide guidance for lay providers on how best to incorporate ad-hoc adaptations during delivery. Future research should evaluate whether well-aligned ad-hoc adaptations improve therapeutic outcomes.<h4>Trial registration</h4>Pilot trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov (C0058).}, Doi = {10.1186/s43058-023-00477-5}, Key = {fds372672} } @article{fds372673, Author = {Joshi, D and Aschner, A and Atkinson, L and Halili-Sychangco, D and Duku, E and Puffer, ES and Rieder, A and Tonmyr, L and Gonzalez, A}, Title = {Predictors of harsh parenting practices and inter-partner conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional analysis from the Ontario Parent Survey.}, Journal = {Bmj Open}, Volume = {13}, Number = {8}, Pages = {e066840}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066840}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Guided by the bioecological model, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations of (1) individual level factors (sociodemographic, health behaviour and mental health), (2) family (micro) level COVID-19 experiences (difficulty with household management, managing child mood and behaviour, and pandemic-related positive experiences) and (3) community (macro) level factors (residential instability, ethnic concentration, material deprivation and dependency, an indicator of age and labour force) with harsh parenting practices and inter-partner conflict during the early lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.<h4>Design</h4>A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Ontario Parent Survey.<h4>Setting</h4>A convenience sample of 7451 caregivers living in Ontario, Canada, at the time of baseline data collection (May-June 2020).<h4>Participants</h4>Caregivers aged 18 years and older with children 17 years or younger.<h4>Outcome measures</h4>Parenting practices over the past 2 months was assessed using a published modification of the Parenting Scale. The frequency of inter-partner conflict over the past month was assessed using the Marital Conflict scale.<h4>Results</h4>Individual (sociodemographic factors, alcohol use, and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms) and family (difficulties with managing the household and child mood and behaviour) level factors were positively associated with inter-partner conflict and harsh parenting practices. Having fewer positive experiences (eg, performing activities with children), and economic adversity at the family level were positively associated with inter-partner conflict but inversely associated with harsh parenting. At the community level, residential instability was negatively associated with harsh parenting practices.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Individual and family level factors were associated with harsh parenting and inter-partner conflict. The associations of fewer positive experiences and economic hardship with harsh parenting practices may be more complex than initially thought. Efforts that raise awareness and address caregiver mental health concerns are needed as part of the pandemic response to promote positive inter-partner and parent-child interactions.}, Doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066840}, Key = {fds372673} } @article{fds369853, Author = {Murray, S and Bermúdez, JP and De Brigard and F}, Title = {Moralization and self-control strategy selection.}, Journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin & Review}, Volume = {30}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1586-1595}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02257-7}, Abstract = {To manage conflicts between temptation and commitment, people use self-control. The process model of self-control outlines different strategies for managing the onset and experience of temptation. However, little is known about the decision-making factors underlying strategy selection. Across three experiments (N = 317), we tested whether the moral valence of a commitment predicts how people advise attentional self-control strategies. In Experiments 1 and 2, people rated attentional focus strategies as significantly more effective for people tempted to break moral relative to immoral commitments, even when controlling for perceived temptation and trait self-control. Experiment 3 showed that as people perceived commitments to have more positive moral valence, they judged attentional focus strategies to be significantly more effective relative to attentional distraction strategies. Moreover, this effect was partly mediated by perceived differences in motivation. These results indicate that moralization informs decision-making processes related to self-control strategy selection.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13423-023-02257-7}, Key = {fds369853} } @article{fds363734, Author = {Tsang, T and Naples, AJ and Barney, EC and Xie, M and Bernier, R and Dawson, G and Dziura, J and Faja, S and Jeste, SS and McPartland, JC and Nelson, CA and Murias, M and Seow, H and Sugar, C and Webb, SJ and Shic, F and Johnson, SP}, Title = {Attention Allocation During Exploration of Visual Arrays in ASD: Results from the ABC-CT Feasibility Study.}, Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, Volume = {53}, Number = {8}, Pages = {3220-3229}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05569-0}, Abstract = {Visual exploration paradigms involving object arrays have been used to examine salience of social stimuli such as faces in ASD. Recent work suggests performance on these paradigms may associate with clinical features of ASD. We evaluate metrics from a visual exploration paradigm in 4-to-11-year-old children with ASD (n = 23; 18 males) and typical development (TD; n = 23; 13 males). Presented with arrays containing faces and nonsocial stimuli, children with ASD looked less at (p = 0.002) and showed fewer fixations to (p = 0.022) faces than TD children, and spent less time looking at each object on average (p = 0.004). Attention to the screen and faces correlated positively with social and cognitive skills in the ASD group (ps < .05). This work furthers our understanding of objective measures of visual exploration in ASD and its potential for quantifying features of ASD.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10803-022-05569-0}, Key = {fds363734} } @article{fds371014, Author = {Chen, J and Engelhard, M and Henao, R and Berchuck, S and Eichner, B and Perrin, EM and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {Enhancing early autism prediction based on electronic records using clinical narratives.}, Journal = {J Biomed Inform}, Volume = {144}, Pages = {104390}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104390}, Abstract = {Recent work has shown that predictive models can be applied to structured electronic health record (EHR) data to stratify autism likelihood from an early age (<1 year). Integrating clinical narratives (or notes) with structured data has been shown to improve prediction performance in other clinical applications, but the added predictive value of this information in early autism prediction has not yet been explored. In this study, we aimed to enhance the performance of early autism prediction by using both structured EHR data and clinical narratives. We built models based on structured data and clinical narratives separately, and then an ensemble model that integrated both sources of data. We assessed the predictive value of these models from Duke University Health System over a 14-year span to evaluate ensemble models predicting later autism diagnosis (by age 4 years) from data collected from ages 30 to 360 days. Our sample included 11,750 children above by age 3 years (385 meeting autism diagnostic criteria). The ensemble model for autism prediction showed superior performance and at age 30 days achieved 46.8% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, CI: 22.0%, 52.9%), 28.0% positive predictive value (PPV) at high (90%) specificity (CI: 2.0%, 33.1%), and AUC4 (with at least 4-year follow-up for controls) reaching 0.769 (CI: 0.715, 0.811). Prediction by 360 days achieved 44.5% sensitivity (CI: 23.6%, 62.9%), and 13.7% PPV at high (90%) specificity (CI: 9.6%, 18.9%), and AUC4 reaching 0.797 (CI: 0.746, 0.840). Results show that incorporating clinical narratives in early autism prediction achieved promising accuracy by age 30 days, outperforming models based on structured data only. Furthermore, findings suggest that additional features learned from clinician narratives might be hypothesis generating for understanding early development in autism.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104390}, Key = {fds371014} } @article{fds372452, Author = {Chen, JM and Meyers, C and Pauker, K and Gaither, SE and Hamilton, DL and Sherman, JW}, Title = {Intergroup Context Moderates the Impact of White Americans' Identification on Racial Categorization of Ambiguous Faces.}, Journal = {Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin}, Pages = {1461672231190264}, Year = {2023}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672231190264}, Abstract = {We examined how the number of groups in a categorization task influences how White Americans categorize ambiguous faces. We investigated the strength of <i>identity-driven ingroup overexclusion</i>-wherein highly identified perceivers overexclude ambiguous members from the ingroup-proposing that, compared with dichotomous tasks (with only the ingroup and one outgroup), tasks with more outgroups attenuate identity-driven ingroup overexclusion (a dilution effect). Fourteen studies (<i>n</i> = 4,001) measured White Americans' racial identification and their categorizations of ambiguous faces and manipulated the categorization task to have two groups, three groups, or an unspecified number of groups (open-ended). In all three conditions, participants overexcluded faces from the White category on average. There was limited support for the dilution effect: identity-driven ingroup overexclusion was absent in the three-group task and only weakly supported in the open-ended task. The presence of multiple outgroups may dampen the impact of racial identity on race perceptions among White Americans.}, Doi = {10.1177/01461672231190264}, Key = {fds372452} } @book{fds372968, Author = {Hoyle, RH and Davisson, EK}, Title = {Forms of intellectual humility and their associations with features of knowledge, beliefs, and opinions}, Pages = {101-119}, Booktitle = {Divided: Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Polarized World}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, ISBN = {9780197655467}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655467.003.0006}, Doi = {10.1093/oso/9780197655467.003.0006}, Key = {fds372968} } @article{fds371016, Author = {Merenstein, JL and Zhao, J and Mullin, HA and Rudolph, MD and Song, AW and Madden, DJ}, Title = {High-resolution multi-shot diffusion imaging of structural networks in healthy neurocognitive aging.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {275}, Pages = {120191}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120191}, Abstract = {Healthy neurocognitive aging has been associated with the microstructural degradation of white matter pathways that connect distributed gray matter regions, assessed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). However, the relatively low spatial resolution of standard DWI has limited the examination of age-related differences in the properties of smaller, tightly curved white matter fibers, as well as the relatively more complex microstructure of gray matter. Here, we capitalize on high-resolution multi-shot DWI, which allows spatial resolutions < 1 mm3 to be achieved on clinical 3T MRI scanners. We assessed whether traditional diffusion tensor-based measures of gray matter microstructure and graph theoretical measures of white matter structural connectivity assessed by standard (1.5 mm3 voxels, 3.375 μl volume) and high-resolution (1 mm3 voxels, 1μl volume) DWI were differentially related to age and cognitive performance in 61 healthy adults 18-78 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed using an extensive battery comprising 12 separate tests of fluid (speed-dependent) cognition. Results indicated that the high-resolution data had larger correlations between age and gray matter mean diffusivity, but smaller correlations between age and structural connectivity. Moreover, parallel mediation models including both standard and high-resolution measures revealed that only the high-resolution measures mediated age-related differences in fluid cognition. These results lay the groundwork for future studies planning to apply high-resolution DWI methodology to further assess the mechanisms of both healthy aging and cognitive impairment.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120191}, Key = {fds371016} } @article{fds370840, Author = {Harrell, A and Quinn, JM}, Title = {Shared Identities and the Structure of Exchange Distinctly Shape Cooperation}, Journal = {Social Forces; a Scientific Medium of Social Study and Interpretation}, Volume = {102}, Number = {1}, Pages = {223-241}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad011}, Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>People frequently engage in preferential treatment toward those with whom they share category memberships. At the same time, sociologists have long understood that the structure of ongoing relations shapes micro-level interactions. Here, we ask whether—and if so, how—same-identity bias in cooperation interacts with key structural features of exchange relations. Specifically, we use the affect theory of social exchange (ATSE) to make predictions about cooperation in productive, reciprocal, and generalized exchange when people are embedded in networks where identities are either known and homogeneous, known and heterogenous, or unknown. Results from our experiment support both past work demonstrating same-identity bias in cooperation and the ATSE’s predictions that productive exchange yields the highest levels of cooperation and affective attachment, followed by reciprocal and generalized exchange. More importantly, we find that shared identities and the structure of exchange are two orthogonal factors that distinctly promote cooperation in the presence of each other. Structures with known homogeneous identities are more cooperative and develop higher levels of affective attachment across all forms of exchange, and different types of exchange produce different levels of cooperation and affective attachment in line with the ATSE, but the identity and structural mechanisms do not interact. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings for the ATSE and scholarship on social identity biases as well as the practical implications for facilitating cooperation in diverse groups.</jats:p>}, Doi = {10.1093/sf/soad011}, Key = {fds370840} } @article{fds370879, Author = {Oyesanya, TO and Ibemere, SO and Loflin, C and McReynolds, V and Anaya, B and Huang, M and Gonzalez-Guarda, R and Strauman, TJ and Prvu Bettger, J}, Title = {"If you respect me, you are respecting my culture": methods and recommendations for personalizing a TBI transitional care intervention.}, Journal = {Brain Inj}, Volume = {37}, Number = {8}, Pages = {746-757}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2023.2208881}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Despite research, national legislation, and clinical guidelines supporting transitional care, there is minimal benefit from existing transitional care interventions for racial/ethnic minorities with traumatic brain injury (TBI) discharged home from acute hospital care. Existing TBI transitional care interventions are not tailored to address the needs/preferences of patients from various racial/ethnic minority groups. The purpose of this study was to describe use of personalization to tailor a TBI transitional care intervention for various racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN: Following preliminary intervention manual development, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted using eight focus groups with 40 English-and Spanish-speaking participants (12 patients, 12 caregivers, and 16 providers). RESULTS: Three personalization-related themes emerged: 1) what is important to me, 2) finding someone to deliver the intervention who can adapt to my needs, and 3) respect over culture. Findings informed personalization strategies within our final manual. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend researchers who wish to use personalization to tailor interventions to consider: 1) allowing stakeholders to dictate what is most important and 2) implementing an iterative intervention development process with input from diverse stakeholders. Findings have implications for informing the development of transitional care interventions to increase the likelihood that interventions are inclusive of needs and preferences of various races/ethnicities.}, Doi = {10.1080/02699052.2023.2208881}, Key = {fds370879} } @article{fds372264, Author = {Rubin, DC and Bell, CF}, Title = {Using shame to extend Martin Conway's self-memory system.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Pages = {1-12}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2241673}, Abstract = {We extend Conway's self-memory system by adding theory and data from shame, an emotion that disrupts the internalised ideals of society needed for a positive self-concept. The event that caused 273 undergraduates their greatest amount of shame was analyzed; 66% were not very negative except for producing shame. Ratings of post-event effects, including two measure of self (self-perceived weakness, and centrality to identity) and four clinical symptoms (intrusions, avoidance, anxiety, and depression), were attributed separately to the remembered event, behaviour during the event, and shame from the event. The effects of shame were generally as large as the those of the event and larger than those of the behaviour, demonstrating the importance of shame's effects. The Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), which measures tonic immobility (i.e., freezing), was obtained for the event that produced the most tonic immobility but that was not the event that caused the most shame. The post-event symptoms measured on the event that caused the most shame and the TIS correlated highly, suggesting that shame and tonic immobility may belong to a cluster of phylogenetically conserved submissive defensive mechanisms that could account for effects currently attributed to goals in self-memory systems.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2241673}, Key = {fds372264} } @article{fds370236, Author = {Eliseev, ED and Marsh, EJ}, Title = {Understanding why searching the internet inflates confidence in explanatory ability}, Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology}, Volume = {37}, Number = {4}, Pages = {711-720}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.4058}, Abstract = {People rely on the internet for easy access to information, setting up potential confusion about the boundaries between an individual's knowledge and the information they find online. Across four experiments, we replicated and extended past work showing that online searching inflates people's confidence in their knowledge. Participants who searched the internet for explanations rated their explanatory ability higher than participants who read but did not search for the same explanations. Two experiments showed that extraneous web page content (pictures) does not drive this effect. The last experiment modeled how search engines yield results; participants saw (but did not search for) a list of hits, which included “snippets” that previewed web page content, before reading the explanations. Participants in this condition were as confident as participants who searched online. Previewing hits primes to-be-read content, in a modern-day equivalent of Titchener's famous example of a brief glance eliciting false feelings of familiarity.}, Doi = {10.1002/acp.4058}, Key = {fds370236} } @article{fds370322, Author = {Avorgbedor, F and McCoy, TP and Silva, S and Blumenthal, JA and Merwin, E and Yeo, S and Holditch-Davis, D}, Title = {Infant Outcomes in Hypertensive Women: Are there Moderating Effects of Prenatal Care and Race/Ethnicity?}, Journal = {Matern Child Health J}, Volume = {27}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1277-1283}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03661-0}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is one of the leading causes of adverse infant outcomes. Black women are disproportionately affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and it associated adverse outcomes. Adequate prenatal care may improve adverse infant outcomes. However, the evidence on adequate prenatal care improving birth outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy especially for Blacks is limited. This study examined the role of adequate prenatal care and race/ethnicity as moderators of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on infant outcomes. METHODS: The sample was obtained from the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Surveillance dataset from North Carolina. We compared adequate prenatal care among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 610) to women without(n = 2,827), and women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with adequate prenatal care to women hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with inadequate prenatal care. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 14.1%. Adequate prenatal care was associated with better infant outcomes for low birth weight (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.58, 0.90) and preterm birth (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.82). Although these effects were not moderated by Black race/ethnicity, Black women independently also had worse outcomes for preterm birth (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.28) and low birth weight (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.29). CONCLUSIONS: Moderation of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy effects on infant outcomes by prenatal care and race/ethnicity was not found. Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who received inadequate prenatal care experienced worse adverse birth outcomes compared to women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Strategies to improve prenatal care, particularly among underserved populations at risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, need to be a public health priority.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10995-023-03661-0}, Key = {fds370322} } @article{fds370880, Author = {Winger, JG and Kelleher, SA and Ramos, K and Check, DK and Yu, JA and Powell, VD and Lerebours, R and Olsen, MK and Keefe, FJ and Steinhauser, KE and Porter, LS and Breitbart, WS and Somers, TJ}, Title = {Meaning-centered pain coping skills training for patients with metastatic cancer: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial.}, Journal = {Psychooncology}, Volume = {32}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1096-1105}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.6151}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: For patients with advanced cancer, pain is a common and debilitating symptom that can negatively impact physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. This trial examined the feasibility and initial effects of Meaning-Centered Pain Coping Skills Training (MCPC), a cognitive-behavioral pain management intervention with an emphasis on enhancing meaning (i.e., a personal sense of purpose, worth, and significance) and peace. METHODS: We enrolled 60 adults with stage IV solid tumor cancers and moderate-severe pain between February 2021 and February 2022. Participants were randomized 1:1 to MCPC + usual care or usual care alone. Meaning-Centered Pain Coping Skills Training consisted of four weekly 60-min individual sessions via videoconference or telephone, delivered by a trained therapist using a manualized protocol. Participants completed validated measures of pain severity, pain interference, pain self-efficacy, spiritual well-being (i.e., meaning, peace, and faith), and psychological distress at baseline and 5-week and 10-week follow-ups. RESULTS: All feasibility metrics exceeded prespecified benchmarks. Fifty-eight percent of screened patients were eligible, and 69% of eligible patients consented. Of those assigned to MCPC, 93% completed all sessions and 100% of those who completed follow-ups reported using coping skills weekly. Retention was strong at 5-week (85%) and 10-week (78%) follow-ups. Meaning-Centered Pain Coping Skills Training participants reported better scores than control participants across outcome measures, including moderate-to-large sized differences at 10-week follow-up in pain severity (Cohen's d = -0.75 [95% confidence interval: -1.36, -0.14]), pain interference (d = -0.82 [-1.45, -0.20]), and pain self-efficacy (d = 0.74 [0.13, 1.35]). CONCLUSIONS: MCPC is a highly feasible, engaging, and promising approach for improving pain management in advanced cancer. Future efficacy testing is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04431830, registered 16 June 2020.}, Doi = {10.1002/pon.6151}, Key = {fds370880} } @article{fds371262, Author = {Coffman, M and Di Martino and JM and Aiello, R and Carpenter, KLH and Chang, Z and Compton, S and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Perochon, S and Krishnappa Babu and PR and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {Relationship between quantitative digital behavioral features and clinical profiles in young autistic children.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {16}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1360-1374}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2955}, Abstract = {Early behavioral markers for autism include differences in social attention and orienting in response to one's name when called, and differences in body movements and motor abilities. More efficient, scalable, objective, and reliable measures of these behaviors could improve early screening for autism. This study evaluated whether objective and quantitative measures of autism-related behaviors elicited from an app (SenseToKnow) administered on a smartphone or tablet and measured via computer vision analysis (CVA) are correlated with standardized caregiver-report and clinician administered measures of autism-related behaviors and cognitive, language, and motor abilities. This is an essential step in establishing the concurrent validity of a digital phenotyping approach. In a sample of 485 toddlers, 43 of whom were diagnosed with autism, we found that CVA-based gaze variables related to social attention were associated with the level of autism-related behaviors. Two language-related behaviors measured via the app, attention to people during a conversation and responding to one's name being called, were associated with children's language skills. Finally, performance during a bubble popping game was associated with fine motor skills. These findings provide initial support for the concurrent validity of the SenseToKnow app and its potential utility in identifying clinical profiles associated with autism. Future research is needed to determine whether the app can be used as an autism screening tool, can reliably stratify autism-related behaviors, and measure changes in autism-related behaviors over time.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.2955}, Key = {fds371262} } @article{fds370911, Author = {Watkins, LL and LoSavio, ST and Calhoun, P and Resick, PA and Sherwood, A and Coffman, CJ and Kirby, AC and Beaver, TA and Dennis, MF and Beckham, JC}, Title = {Effect of cognitive processing therapy on markers of cardiovascular risk in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: A randomized clinical trial.}, Journal = {J Psychosom Res}, Volume = {170}, Pages = {111351}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111351}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD); however, the effects of PTSD treatment on CHD biomarkers is unknown. This study examined whether cognitive processing therapy (CPT) improves 24-hourheart rate variability (HRV), a predictor of CHD mortality. METHODS: Individuals between the ages of 40 and 65 years with PTSD (n = 112) were randomized to receive 12 sessions of CPT or a Waiting List (WL) intervention comprised of 6 weekly telephone checks of emotional status. The primary outcome variable was 24-hour HRV estimated from the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN); secondary outcomes were the root mean square of successive differences between heart beats (RMSSD), low-frequency HRV (LF-HRV) and high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV). Secondary outcomes also included 24-hour urinary catecholamine excretion, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. For outcomes, linear mixed longitudinal models were used to estimate mean differences (Mdiff). RESULTS: Participants randomized to the CPT group did not show improved SDNN (Mdiff = 9.8; 95%CI, -2.7 to 22.3; p = 0.12), the primary outcome variable, but showed improved RMSSD (Mdiff = 3.8; 95% CI, 0.5 to 7.1; p = 0.02), LF- HRV (Mdiff =0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.5; p = 0.01), and HF-HRV (Mdiff = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.6; p = 0.03) compared to WL. There were no differences between groups in catecholamine excretion, FMD, or inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION: Treating PTSD may not only improve quality of life but may also help ameliorate heightened CHD risk characteristics of PTSD.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111351}, Key = {fds370911} } @article{fds370912, Author = {Weinfurt, KP}, Title = {Developing, Selecting, and Modifying Performance Outcome Assessments.}, Journal = {Value Health}, Volume = {26}, Number = {7}, Pages = {957-958}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.04.011}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2023.04.011}, Key = {fds370912} } @article{fds370716, Author = {Hoyle, RH and Davisson, EK}, Title = {Associations between COVID-19-related disruptions and psychological adjustment in a sample of young adults}, Journal = {Social and Personality Psychology Compass}, Volume = {17}, Number = {7}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12750}, Abstract = {We examined the relations between disruptions experienced by young adults in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic and their psychological adjustment. An online sample (N = 180, Mage = 24.8) reported on the impact of the pandemic on their living arrangements, work status, and finances; their psychological adjustment overall and with specific reference to the pandemic; and whether they lived alone and, if living with others, there were children in the home. Results indicated a moderate association between financial strain and poor overall adjustment and a small association between job-related problems and sleep disruption. Women experienced negative effects of pandemic-related disruptions on their adjustment. Men were particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of financial strain. The results show the negative psychological effects of disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on young adults' mental health.}, Doi = {10.1111/spc3.12750}, Key = {fds370716} } @article{fds371127, Author = {Meyerson, WU and Fineberg, SK and Andrade, FC and Corlett, P and Gerstein, MB and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {The association between evening social media use and delayed sleep may be causal: Suggestive evidence from 120 million Reddit timestamps.}, Journal = {Sleep Medicine}, Volume = {107}, Pages = {212-218}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.021}, Abstract = {Public health officials and clinicians routinely advise social media users to avoid nighttime social media use due to the perception that this delays the onset of sleep and predisposes to the health risks of insufficient sleep. With some exceptions, the evidence behind this advice mostly derives from surveys identifying an association between self-reported social media usage and self-reported sleep patterns. In principle, these associations could alternatively be explained by users turning to social media to pass the time when they are otherwise having difficulty sleeping, or by individual differences that draw some people to frequent social media use, or by offline activities that overlap with both social media use and delayed sleep. To attempt to distinguish among these explanations, we leveraged estimated bedtimes from 44,000 Reddit users reported in a recent study and their 120 million posts to test whether the relationship between sleep and social media has properties suggestive of a causal relationship. We find that users are especially likely to be active on Reddit after their bedtime (and therefore awake) on nights that they posted to Reddit shortly before bedtime, especially if they posted multiple times or in high-engagement forums that night. Overall, this study lends additional support to the notion that there likely is some causal effect of evening social media use on delayed sleep onset.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.021}, Key = {fds371127} } @article{fds362118, Author = {Enea, V and Eisenbeck, N and Carreno, DF and Douglas, KM and Sutton, RM and Agostini, M and Bélanger, JJ and Gützkow, B and Kreienkamp, J and Abakoumkin, G and Abdul Khaiyom and JH and Ahmedi, V and Akkas, H and Almenara, CA and Atta, M and Bagci, SC and Basel, S and Berisha Kida and E and Bernardo, ABI and Buttrick, NR and Chobthamkit, P and Choi, H-S and Cristea, M and Csaba, S and Damnjanovic, K and Danyliuk, I and Dash, A and Di Santo and D and Faller, DG and Fitzsimons, G and Gheorghiu, A and Gómez, Á and Grzymala-Moszczynska, J and Hamaidia, A and Han, Q and Helmy, M and Hudiyana, J and Jeronimus, BF and Jiang, D-Y and Jovanović, V and Kamenov, Ž and Kende, A and Keng, S-L and Kieu, TTT and Koc, Y and Kovyazina, K and Kozytska, I and Krause, J and Kruglanski, AW and Kurapov, A and Kutlaca, M and Lantos, NA and Lemay, EP and Lesmana, CBJ and Louis, WR and Lueders, A and Malik, NI and Martinez, A and McCabe, KO and Mehulić, J and Milla, MN and Mohammed, I and Molinario, E and Moyano, M and Muhammad, H and Mula, S and Muluk, H and Myroniuk, S and Najafi, R and Nisa, CF and Nyúl, B and O'Keefe, PA and Osuna, JJO and Osin, EN and Park, J and Pica, G and Pierro, A and Rees, J and Reitsema, AM and Resta, E and Rullo, M and Ryan, MK and Samekin, A and Santtila, P and Sasin, E and Schumpe, BM and Selim, HA and Stanton, MV and Sultana, S and Tseliou, E and Utsugi, A and van Breen, JA and Van Lissa and CJ and Van Veen, K and vanDellen, MR and Vázquez, A and Wollast, R and Yeung, VW-L and Zand, S and Žeželj, IL and Zheng, B and Zick, A and Zúñiga, C and Leander, NP}, Title = {Intentions to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19: The Role of Prosociality and Conspiracy Beliefs across 20 Countries.}, Journal = {Health Communication}, Volume = {38}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1530-1539}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2021.2018179}, Abstract = {Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to inform policy decisions and plan vaccination campaigns. The aims of this research were to: (1) explore the individual- and country-level determinants of intentions to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and (2) examine worldwide variation in vaccination intentions. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, involving 6697 respondents across 20 countries. Results showed that 72.9% of participants reported positive intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas 16.8% were undecided, and 10.3% reported they would not be vaccinated. At the individual level, prosociality was a significant positive predictor of vaccination intentions, whereas generic beliefs in conspiracy theories and religiosity were negative predictors. Country-level determinants, including cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and power distance, were not significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Altogether, this study identifies individual-level predictors that are common across multiple countries, provides further evidence on the importance of combating conspiracy theories, involving religious institutions in vaccination campaigns, and stimulating prosocial motives to encourage vaccine uptake.}, Doi = {10.1080/10410236.2021.2018179}, Key = {fds362118} } @article{fds366660, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Moffitt, TE and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Rasmussen, LJH and Wertz, J and Caspi, A}, Title = {Childhood Adversity and Midlife Health: Shining a Light on the Black Box of Psychosocial Mechanisms.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {5}, Pages = {817-828}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01431-y}, Abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poorer health, which has spurred public health efforts to reduce the number of adverse events children experience. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that all ACEs can be prevented. For adults who already experienced ACEs in childhood, what psychological, social, and behavioral intervention targets might reduce risk for negative health outcomes? To provide insight into the "black box" of psychosocial mechanisms linking ACEs to poor health, our study used data from the Dunedin Study, a longitudinal cohort assessed from birth to age 45. Mediation models (N = 859) were used to examine whether candidate psychosocial variables in adulthood explained the association between childhood ACEs and health in midlife. Potential psychosocial mediators included stressful life events, perceived stress, negative emotionality, and health behaviors. Children who experienced more ACEs had poorer health in midlife. They also had significantly more stressful life events, more perceived stress, more negative emotionality, and unhealthier behaviors as adults. These mediators were each independently associated with poorer health in midlife and statistically mediated the association between ACEs and midlife health. Health behaviors evidenced the strongest indirect effect from ACEs to midlife health. Together, these psychosocial mediators accounted for the association between ACEs in childhood and health three decades later. Public health efforts to mitigate the health consequences of ACEs could aim to reduce the stressful life events people experience, reduce negative emotionality, reduce perceived stress, or improve health behaviors among adults who experienced childhood adversity.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-022-01431-y}, Key = {fds366660} } @article{fds369352, Author = {Gjerde, LC and Eilertsen, EM and McAdams, TA and Cheesman, R and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Eley, TC and Røysamb, E and Rosenström, TH and Ystrom, E}, Title = {The p factor of psychopathology and personality in middle childhood: genetic and gestational risk factors.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {9}, Pages = {4275-4285}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723000077}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>A joint, hierarchical structure of psychopathology and personality has been reported in adults but should also be investigated at earlier ages, as psychopathology often develops before adulthood. Here, we investigate the joint factor structure of psychopathology and personality in eight-year-old children, estimate factor heritability and explore external validity through associations with established developmental risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>Phenotypic and biometric exploratory factor analyses with bifactor rotation on genetically informative data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa) study. The analytic sub-sample comprised 10 739 children (49% girls). Mothers reported their children's symptoms of depression (Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire), anxiety (Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention and hyperactivity, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder (Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders), and Big Five personality (short Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children). Developmental risk factors (early gestational age and being small for gestational age) were collected from the Medical Birth Registry.<h4>Results</h4>Goodness-of-fit indices favored a <i>p</i> factor model with three residual latent factors interpreted as negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and antagonism, whereas psychometric indices favored a one-factor model. ADE solutions fitted best, and regression analyses indicated a negative association between gestational age and the <i>p</i> factor, for both the one- and four-factor solutions.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Correlations between normative and pathological traits in middle childhood mostly reflect one heritable and psychometrically interpretable <i>p</i> factor, although optimal fit to data required less interpretable residual latent factors. The association between the <i>p</i> factor and low gestational age warrants further study of early developmental mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723000077}, Key = {fds369352} } @article{fds370101, Author = {Newbury, JB and Arseneault, L and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Howe, LD and Bakolis, I and Reuben, A and Danese, A and Sugden, K and Williams, B and Rasmussen, LJH and Trotta, A and Ambler, AP and Fisher, HL}, Title = {Socioenvironmental Adversity and Adolescent Psychotic Experiences: Exploring Potential Mechanisms in a UK Longitudinal Cohort.}, Journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin}, Volume = {49}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1042-1054}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad017}, Abstract = {<h4>Background and hypothesis</h4>Children exposed to socioenvironmental adversities (eg, urbanicity, pollution, neighborhood deprivation, crime, and family disadvantage) are more likely to subsequently develop subclinical psychotic experiences during adolescence (eg, hearing voices, paranoia). However, the pathways through which this occurs have not been previously investigated. We hypothesized that cognitive ability and inflammation would partly explain this association.<h4>Study design</h4>Data were utilized from the Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 children born in 1994-1995 in England and Wales and followed to age 18. Socioenvironmental adversities were measured from birth to age 10 and classified into physical risk (defined by high urbanicity and air pollution) and socioeconomic risk (defined by high neighborhood deprivation, neighborhood disorder, and family disadvantage). Cognitive abilities (overall, crystallized, fluid, and working memory) were assessed at age 12; and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) were measured at age 18 from blood samples. Participants were interviewed at age 18 regarding psychotic experiences.<h4>Study results</h4>Higher physical risk and socioeconomic risk were associated with increased odds of psychotic experiences in adolescence. The largest mediation pathways were from socioeconomic risk via overall cognitive ability and crystallized ability, which accounted for ~11% and ~19% of the association with psychotic experiences, respectively. No statistically significant pathways were found via inflammatory markers in exploratory (partially cross-sectional) analyses.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Cognitive ability, especially crystallized ability, may partly explain the association between childhood socioenvironmental adversity and adolescent psychotic experiences. Interventions to support cognitive development among children living in disadvantaged settings could buffer them against developing subclinical psychotic phenomena.}, Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbad017}, Key = {fds370101} } @article{fds370499, Author = {Gjerde, LC and Eilertsen, EM and McAdams, TA and Cheesman, R and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Eley, TC and Røysamb, E and Rosenström, TH and Ystrom, E}, Title = {The p factor of psychopathology and personality in middle childhood: Genetic and gestational risk factors - Corrigendum.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {9}, Pages = {4303-4304}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723000879}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723000879}, Key = {fds370499} } @article{fds366662, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Moffitt, TE and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Rasmussen, LJH and Wertz, J and Caspi, A}, Title = {Childhood Adversity and Midlife Health: Shining a Light on the Black Box of Psychosocial Mechanisms.}, Journal = {Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {5}, Pages = {817-828}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01431-y}, Abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poorer health, which has spurred public health efforts to reduce the number of adverse events children experience. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that all ACEs can be prevented. For adults who already experienced ACEs in childhood, what psychological, social, and behavioral intervention targets might reduce risk for negative health outcomes? To provide insight into the "black box" of psychosocial mechanisms linking ACEs to poor health, our study used data from the Dunedin Study, a longitudinal cohort assessed from birth to age 45. Mediation models (N = 859) were used to examine whether candidate psychosocial variables in adulthood explained the association between childhood ACEs and health in midlife. Potential psychosocial mediators included stressful life events, perceived stress, negative emotionality, and health behaviors. Children who experienced more ACEs had poorer health in midlife. They also had significantly more stressful life events, more perceived stress, more negative emotionality, and unhealthier behaviors as adults. These mediators were each independently associated with poorer health in midlife and statistically mediated the association between ACEs and midlife health. Health behaviors evidenced the strongest indirect effect from ACEs to midlife health. Together, these psychosocial mediators accounted for the association between ACEs in childhood and health three decades later. Public health efforts to mitigate the health consequences of ACEs could aim to reduce the stressful life events people experience, reduce negative emotionality, reduce perceived stress, or improve health behaviors among adults who experienced childhood adversity.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11121-022-01431-y}, Key = {fds366662} } @article{fds369353, Author = {Gjerde, LC and Eilertsen, EM and McAdams, TA and Cheesman, R and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Eley, TC and Røysamb, E and Rosenström, TH and Ystrom, E}, Title = {The p factor of psychopathology and personality in middle childhood: genetic and gestational risk factors.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {9}, Pages = {4275-4285}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723000077}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>A joint, hierarchical structure of psychopathology and personality has been reported in adults but should also be investigated at earlier ages, as psychopathology often develops before adulthood. Here, we investigate the joint factor structure of psychopathology and personality in eight-year-old children, estimate factor heritability and explore external validity through associations with established developmental risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>Phenotypic and biometric exploratory factor analyses with bifactor rotation on genetically informative data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa) study. The analytic sub-sample comprised 10 739 children (49% girls). Mothers reported their children's symptoms of depression (Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire), anxiety (Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention and hyperactivity, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder (Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders), and Big Five personality (short Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children). Developmental risk factors (early gestational age and being small for gestational age) were collected from the Medical Birth Registry.<h4>Results</h4>Goodness-of-fit indices favored a <i>p</i> factor model with three residual latent factors interpreted as negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and antagonism, whereas psychometric indices favored a one-factor model. ADE solutions fitted best, and regression analyses indicated a negative association between gestational age and the <i>p</i> factor, for both the one- and four-factor solutions.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Correlations between normative and pathological traits in middle childhood mostly reflect one heritable and psychometrically interpretable <i>p</i> factor, although optimal fit to data required less interpretable residual latent factors. The association between the <i>p</i> factor and low gestational age warrants further study of early developmental mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723000077}, Key = {fds369353} } @article{fds370626, Author = {Gjerde, LC and Eilertsen, EM and McAdams, TA and Cheesman, R and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Eley, TC and Røysamb, E and Rosenström, TH and Ystrom, E}, Title = {The p factor of psychopathology and personality in middle childhood: Genetic and gestational risk factors - Corrigendum.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {9}, Pages = {4303-4304}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723000879}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291723000879}, Key = {fds370626} } @article{fds370944, Author = {Ryan, RM and Gassman-Pines, A and Steimle, S and Baker, G and Hines, CT and Johnson, AD}, Title = {The role of public and private food assistance in supporting families’ food security and meal routines}, Journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, Volume = {150}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106994}, Abstract = {“Backpack” food programs administered through public schools are a potentially powerful additional source of nutrition for low-income students and their families. Typically, backpack programs send non-perishable foods home with children to supplement school meals. Power Packs Project (PPP) is a unique backpack program, in that it provides fresh food alongside accompanying recipes, with the explicit goals of not only reducing food insecurity but also facilitating home cooking and improving nutrition for the whole family. Using daily, repeated surveys sent via text-message to program parents (N = 178), this study is the first to examine the effect of picking up a Power Pack in a given week on parent and child food insecurity and meal routines. Additionally, it explores whether effects differed for families who also received federal food assistance through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Results indicate that Power Packs is associated with lower parent and child food insecurity; this relationship is even stronger among families who did not also receive SNAP. Power Packs also promotes home cooking, but only among families who did not receive SNAP. Analyses of program usage revealed that SNAP recipients were far more likely to pick up their packs at the end of their SNAP month than they were just after SNAP benefit distribution, suggesting they use the program to smooth food consumption in tandem with SNAP. Implications of these findings for food assistance programs and policies are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106994}, Key = {fds370944} } @article{fds371505, Author = {Fallon, IP and Hughes, RN and Severino, FPU and Kim, N and Lawry, CM and Watson, GDR and Roshchina, M and Yin, HH}, Title = {The role of the parafascicular thalamic nucleus in action initiation and steering.}, Journal = {Current Biology : Cb}, Volume = {33}, Number = {14}, Pages = {2941-2951.e4}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.025}, Abstract = {The parafascicular (Pf) nucleus of the thalamus has been implicated in arousal and attention, but its contributions to behavior remain poorly characterized. Here, using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology, optogenetics, and 3D motion capture, we studied the role of the Pf nucleus in behavior using a continuous reward-tracking task in freely moving mice. We found that many Pf neurons precisely represent vector components of velocity, with a strong preference for ipsiversive movements. Their activity usually leads velocity, suggesting that Pf output is critical for self-initiated orienting behavior. To test this hypothesis, we expressed excitatory or inhibitory opsins in VGlut2+ Pf neurons to manipulate neural activity bidirectionally. We found that selective optogenetic stimulation of these neurons consistently produced ipsiversive head turning, whereas inhibition stopped turning and produced downward movements. Taken together, our results suggest that the Pf nucleus can send continuous top-down commands that specify detailed action parameters (e.g., direction and speed of the head), thus providing guidance for orienting and steering during behavior.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.025}, Key = {fds371505} } @article{fds371654, Author = {Naffaa, MM and Khan, RR and Kuo, CT and Yin, HH}, Title = {Cortical regulation of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the ventral subventricular zone.}, Journal = {Cell Reports}, Volume = {42}, Number = {7}, Pages = {112783}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112783}, Abstract = {Neurogenesis and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) are controlled by cell-intrinsic molecular pathways that interact with extrinsic signaling cues. In this study, we identify a circuit that regulates neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the lateral ventricle-subventricular zone (LV-SVZ). Our results demonstrate that direct glutamatergic projections from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as inhibitory projections from calretinin<sup>+</sup> local interneurons, modulate the activity of cholinergic neurons in the subependymal zone (subep-ChAT<sup>+</sup>). Furthermore, in vivo optogenetic stimulation and inhibition of the ACC-subep-ChAT<sup>+</sup> circuit are sufficient to control neurogenesis in the ventral SVZ. Both subep-ChAT<sup>+</sup> and local calretinin<sup>+</sup> neurons play critical roles in regulating ventral SVZ neurogenesis and LV-SVZ cell proliferation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112783}, Key = {fds371654} } @article{fds374358, Author = {Lutz, J and Pratap, A and Lenze, EJ and Bestha, D and Lipschitz, JM and Karantzoulis, S and Vaidyanathan, U and Robin, J and Horan, W and Brannan, S and Mittoux, A and Davis, MC and Lakhan, SE and Keefe, R}, Title = {Innovative Technologies in CNS Trials: Promises and Pitfalls for Recruitment, Retention, and Representativeness}, Journal = {Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience}, Volume = {20}, Number = {7-9}, Pages = {40-46}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, Abstract = {Objective: Recruitment of a sufficiently large and representative patient sample and its retention during central nervous system (CNS) trials presents major challenges for study sponsors. Technological advances are reshaping clinical trial operations to meet these challenges, and the COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this development. Method of Research: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology (ISCTM; www.isctm.org) Innovative Technologies for CNS Trials Working Group surveyed the state of technological innovations for improved recruitment and retention and assessed their promises and pitfalls. Results: Online advertisement and electronic patient registries can enhance recruitment, but challenges with sample representativeness, conversion rates from eligible prescreening to enrolled patients, data privacy and security, and patient identification remain hurdles for optimal use of these technologies. Electronic medical records (EMR) mining with artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) methods is promising but awaits translation into trials. During the study treatment phase, technological innovations increasingly support participant retention, including adherence with the investigational treatment. Digital tools for adherence and retention support take many forms, including patient-centric communication channels between researchers and participants, real-time study reminders, and digital behavioral interventions to increase study compliance. However, such tools add technical complexities to trials, and their impact on the generalizability of results are largely unknown. Conclusion: Overall, the group found a scarcity of systematic data directly assessing the impact of technological innovations on study recruitment and retention in CNS trials, even for strategies with already high adoption, such as online recruitment. Given the added complexity and costs associated with most technological innovations, such data is needed to fully harness technologies for CNS trials and drive further adoption.}, Key = {fds374358} } @article{fds370628, Author = {Cernasov, PM and Kinard, JL and Walsh, E and Kelley, L and Phillips, R and Pisoni, A and Arnold, M and Lowery, SC and Ammirato, M and Nagy, GA and Oliver, JA and Haworth, K and Daughters, SB and Dichter, GS and Smoski, M}, Title = {Parsing within & between-person dynamics of therapy homework completion and clinical symptoms in two cognitive behavioral treatments for adults with anhedonia.}, Journal = {Behav Res Ther}, Volume = {166}, Pages = {104322}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2023.104322}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Homework is a key theoretical component of cognitive-behavioral therapies, however, the effects of homework on clinical outcomes have largely been evaluated between-persons rather than within-persons. METHODS: The effects of homework completion on treatment response were examined in a randomized trial comparing Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia (BATA, n = 38), a novel psychotherapy, to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT, n=35). The primary endpoint was consummatory reward sensitivity, measured weekly by the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), up to 15 weeks. Multilevel models evaluated change in SHAPS scores over time and the effects of clinician-reported and participant-reported homework. RESULTS: BATA and MBCT resulted in significant, equivalent reductions in SHAPS scores. Unexpectedly, participants who completed greater mean total amounts of homework did not improve at a faster rate (i.e., no between-person effect). However, sessions with greater than average participant-reported homework completion were associated with greater than average reductions in SHAPS scores (i.e., a within-person effect). For clinician-reported homework, this effect was only evident within the BATA condition. CONCLUSION: This study shows psychotherapy homework completion relates to symptomatic improvement in cognitive-behavioral treatments for anhedonia when session-to-session changes are examined within-person. On the contrary, we found no evidence that total homework completion predicted greater improvements between-person. When possible, psychotherapy researchers should evaluate their constructs of interest across multiple sessions (not just pre/post) to allow more direct tests of hypotheses predicted by theoretical models of individual change processes.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2023.104322}, Key = {fds370628} } @article{fds371675, Author = {Subramanian, D and Pearson, JM and Sommer, MA}, Title = {Bayesian and Discriminative Models for Active Visual Perception across Saccades.}, Journal = {Eneuro}, Volume = {10}, Number = {7}, Pages = {ENEURO.0403-ENEU22.2023}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0403-22.2023}, Abstract = {The brain interprets sensory inputs to guide behavior, but behavior itself disrupts sensory inputs. Perceiving a coherent world while acting in it constitutes active perception. For example, saccadic eye movements displace visual images on the retina and yet the brain perceives visual stability. Because this percept of visual stability has been shown to be influenced by prior expectations, we tested the hypothesis that it is Bayesian. The key prediction was that priors would be used more as sensory uncertainty increases. Humans and rhesus macaques reported whether an image moved during saccades. We manipulated both prior expectations and levels of sensory uncertainty. All psychophysical data were compared with the predictions of Bayesian ideal observer models. We found that humans were Bayesian for continuous judgments. For categorical judgments, however, they were anti-Bayesian: they used their priors less with greater uncertainty. We studied this categorical result further in macaques. The animals' judgments were similarly anti-Bayesian for sensory uncertainty caused by external, image noise, but Bayesian for uncertainty due to internal, motor-driven noise. A discriminative learning model explained the anti-Bayesian effects. We conclude that active vision uses both Bayesian and discriminative models depending on task requirements (continuous vs categorical) and the source of uncertainty (image noise vs motor-driven noise). In the context of previous knowledge about the saccadic system, our results provide an example of how the comparative analysis of Bayesian versus non-Bayesian models of perception offers novel insights into underlying neural organization.}, Doi = {10.1523/ENEURO.0403-22.2023}, Key = {fds371675} } @article{fds370323, Author = {Stanley, ML and Shepherd, S and Kay, AC}, Title = {Heroization and ironic funneling effects.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {125}, Number = {1}, Pages = {29-56}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000336}, Abstract = {In recent years, much of the American public has venerated military veterans as heroes. Despite overwhelmingly positive public attitudes toward veterans, veterans have experienced higher rates of unemployment and underemployment than their nonveteran peers. The current research leverages theory and research on positive stereotypes to shed light on this seeming inconsistency between the heroization of veterans and their heightened rates of unemployment and underemployment. We conceptualize the hero label as a pervasive positive stereotype, and we employ complementary methods and designs (correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental, and mediational) to investigate the consequences and implications of attaching this label to military veterans. We then extend our theorizing to other heroized groups (e.g., firefighters, paramedics, teachers, and social workers). The results across studies suggest that heroization leads the American public to funnel heroized individuals and groups into a limited set of lower paying jobs, organizations, and careers associated with selflessness. This research not only offers insights into an important real-world problem but also offers a first experimental investigation of the consequences and implications of labeling a group of people as heroes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pspa0000336}, Key = {fds370323} } @article{fds371094, Author = {Coffman, M and Di Martino and JM and Aiello, R and Carpenter, KLH and Chang, Z and Compton, S and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Perochon, S and Krishnappa Babu and PR and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {Relationship between quantitative digital behavioral features and clinical profiles in young autistic children.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {16}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1360-1374}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2955}, Abstract = {Early behavioral markers for autism include differences in social attention and orienting in response to one's name when called, and differences in body movements and motor abilities. More efficient, scalable, objective, and reliable measures of these behaviors could improve early screening for autism. This study evaluated whether objective and quantitative measures of autism-related behaviors elicited from an app (SenseToKnow) administered on a smartphone or tablet and measured via computer vision analysis (CVA) are correlated with standardized caregiver-report and clinician administered measures of autism-related behaviors and cognitive, language, and motor abilities. This is an essential step in establishing the concurrent validity of a digital phenotyping approach. In a sample of 485 toddlers, 43 of whom were diagnosed with autism, we found that CVA-based gaze variables related to social attention were associated with the level of autism-related behaviors. Two language-related behaviors measured via the app, attention to people during a conversation and responding to one's name being called, were associated with children's language skills. Finally, performance during a bubble popping game was associated with fine motor skills. These findings provide initial support for the concurrent validity of the SenseToKnow app and its potential utility in identifying clinical profiles associated with autism. Future research is needed to determine whether the app can be used as an autism screening tool, can reliably stratify autism-related behaviors, and measure changes in autism-related behaviors over time.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.2955}, Key = {fds371094} } @article{fds361951, Author = {Gaither, SE and Chen, C-M and Neal, S and Chien, SH-L}, Title = {Children's cross-cultural categorizations of racially ambiguous faces in Taiwan and the U.S.}, Journal = {Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology}, Volume = {29}, Number = {3}, Pages = {385-396}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000513}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Racially ambiguous face categorization research is growing in prominence, and yet the majority of this work has focused on White and Western samples and has primarily used biracial Black/White stimuli. Past findings suggest that biracial Black/White faces are more often seen as Black than White, but without testing these perceptions with other groups, generalizability cannot be guaranteed.<h4>Methods</h4>We tested 3-7-year-old Asian children living in Taiwan-an Eastern cultural context (<i>N</i> = 74)-and Asian children living in the U.S.-a Western cultural context (<i>N</i> = 65) to explore the role that cultural group membership may play in biracial perceptions. Children categorized 12 racially ambiguous biracial Black/White faces and 12 biracial Asian/White faces in a dichotomous forced-choice task and completed a racial constancy measurement.<h4>Results</h4>Regarding biracial Black/White faces, Taiwanese and Asian American children both categorized the faces as White significantly more often compared to chance levels, regardless of racial constancy beliefs. For biracial Asian/White faces, Taiwanese children with racial constancy beliefs categorized the faces significantly more often as White, whereas Taiwanese children without racial constancy beliefs categorized the faces significantly more often as Asian. However, Asian American children did not show a bias in categorizing biracial Asian/White faces.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Results suggest that hyperdescent over hypodescent for more commonly studied biracial Black/White faces generalizes in both cultural contexts. However, biracial Asian/White stimuli may be perceived in more fixed-like patterns in predominately Asian contexts, since only Taiwanese children showed increased outgroup categorizations once racial constancy beliefs were endorsed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/cdp0000513}, Key = {fds361951} } @article{fds371795, Author = {Bellaiche, L and Shahi, R and Turpin, MH and Ragnhildstveit, A and Sprockett, S and Barr, N and Christensen, A and Seli, P}, Title = {Humans versus AI: whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork.}, Journal = {Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {42}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41235-023-00499-6}, Abstract = {With the recent proliferation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models capable of mimicking human artworks, AI creations might soon replace products of human creativity, although skeptics argue that this outcome is unlikely. One possible reason this may be unlikely is that, independent of the physical properties of art, we place great value on the imbuement of the human experience in art. An interesting question, then, is whether and why people might prefer human-compared to AI-created artworks. To explore these questions, we manipulated the purported creator of pieces of art by randomly assigning a "Human-created" or "AI-created" label to paintings actually created by AI, and then assessed participants' judgements of the artworks across four rating criteria (Liking, Beauty, Profundity, and Worth). Study 1 found increased positive judgements for human- compared to AI-labelled art across all criteria. Study 2 aimed to replicate and extend Study 1 with additional ratings (Emotion, Story, Meaningful, Effort, and Time to create) intended to elucidate why people more-positively appraise Human-labelled artworks. The main findings from Study 1 were replicated, with narrativity (Story) and perceived effort behind artworks (Effort) moderating the label effects ("Human-created" vs. "AI-created"), but only for the sensory-level judgements (Liking, Beauty). Positive personal attitudes toward AI moderated label effects for more-communicative judgements (Profundity, Worth). These studies demonstrate that people tend to be negatively biased against AI-created artworks relative to purportedly human-created artwork, and suggest that knowledge of human engagement in the artistic process contributes positively to appraisals of art.}, Doi = {10.1186/s41235-023-00499-6}, Key = {fds371795} } @article{fds369144, Author = {Heck, IA and Kushnir, T and Kinzler, KD}, Title = {Building representations of the social world: Children extract patterns from social choices to reason about multi-group hierarchies.}, Journal = {Developmental Science}, Volume = {26}, Number = {4}, Pages = {e13366}, Year = {2023}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13366}, Abstract = {How do children learn about the structure of the social world? We tested whether children would extract patterns from an agent's social choices to make inferences about multiple groups' relative social standing. In Experiment 1, 4- to 6-year-old children (N = 36; tested in Central New York) saw an agent and three groups (Group-A, Group-B, and Group-C) and observed the agent choose between pairs of individuals from different groups. Across pairwise selections, a pattern emerged: The agent chose individuals from Group-A > Group-B > Group-C. Children tracked the agent's choices to predict that Group-A was "most-preferred" and the "leader" and that Group-C was "least-preferred" and the "helper." In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined children's reasoning about a more complex pattern involving four groups and tested a wider age range. In Experiment 2, 5- to 10-year-old children (N = 98; tested in Central New York) used the agent's pattern of pairwise choices to infer that the agent liked Group-A > Group-B > Group-C > Group-D and to make predictions about which groups were likely to be "leaders" and "helpers." In Experiment 3, we found evidence for social specificity in children's reasoning: 5- to 10-year-old children (N = 96; from 26 US States) made inferences about groups' relative social but not physical power from the agent's pattern of affiliative choices across the four groups. These findings showcase a mechanism through which children may learn about societal-level hierarchies through the patterns they observe over time in people's group-based social choices. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Children in our sample extracted patterns from an agent's positive social choices between multiple groups to reason about groups' relative social standing. Children used the pattern of an agent's positive social choices to guide their reasoning about which groups were likely to be "leaders" and "helpers" in a fictional town. The pattern that emerged in an agent's choices of friends shaped children's thinking about groups' relative social but not physical power. Children tracked social choices to reason about group-based hierarchies at the individual level (which groups an agent prefers) and societal level (which groups are privileged).}, Doi = {10.1111/desc.13366}, Key = {fds369144} } @article{fds372236, Author = {L.E. White}, Title = {Correction for Johnson et al., Merged magnetic resonance and light sheet microscopy of the whole mouse brain.}, Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, Volume = {120}, Number = {25}, Pages = {e2308718120}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2308718120}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2308718120}, Key = {fds372236} } @article{fds370110, Author = {Campbell, AA and Taylor, KA and Augustine, AV and Sherwood, A and Wu, JQ and Beckham, JC and Hoerle, JM and VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, and Ulmer, CS}, Title = {Nightmares: an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease?}, Journal = {Sleep}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad089}, Abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVES: Prior work has established associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disrupted sleep, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few studies have examined health correlates of nightmares beyond risks conferred by PTSD. This study examined associations between nightmares and CVD in military veterans. METHODS: Participants were veterans (N = 3468; 77% male) serving since September 11, 2001, aged 38 years (SD = 10.4); approximately 30% were diagnosed with PTSD. Nightmare frequency and severity were assessed using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS). Self-reported medical issues were assessed using the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study Self-report Medical Questionnaire. Mental health disorders were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The sample was stratified by the presence or absence of PTSD. Within-group associations between nightmare frequency and severity and self-reported CVD conditions, adjusting for age, sex, race, current smoking, depression, and sleep duration. RESULTS: Frequent and severe nightmares during the past week were endorsed by 32% and 35% of participants, respectively. Those endorsing nightmares that were frequent, severe, and the combination thereof were more likely to also evidence high blood pressure (ORs 1.42, OR 1.56, and OR 1.47, respectively) and heart problems (OR 1.43, OR 1.48, and OR 1.59, respectively) after adjusting for PTSD diagnosis and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Nightmare frequency and severity among veterans are associated with cardiovascular conditions, even after controlling for PTSD diagnosis. Study findings suggest that nightmares may be an independent risk factor for CVD. Additional research is needed to validate these findings using confirmed diagnoses and explore potential mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1093/sleep/zsad089}, Key = {fds370110} } @article{fds373684, Author = {Tanksley, PT and Brislin, SJ and Wertz, J and de Vlaming, R and Courchesne-Krak, NS and Mallard, TT and Raffington, LL and Linnér, RK and Koellinger, P and Palmer, A and Sanchez-Roige, A and Waldman, I and Dick, D and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Harden, KP}, Title = {Do polygenic indices capture "direct" effects on child externalizing behavior? Within-family analyses in two longitudinal birth cohorts.}, Journal = {medRxiv}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.31.23290802}, Abstract = {Behaviors and disorders characterized by difficulties with self-regulation, such as problematic substance use, antisocial behavior, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), incur high costs for individuals, families, and communities. These externalizing behaviors often appear early in the life course and can have far-reaching consequences. Researchers have long been interested in direct measurements of genetic risk for externalizing behaviors, which can be incorporated alongside other known risk factors to improve efforts at early identification and intervention. In a preregistered analysis drawing on data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (N=862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; N=2,824 parent-child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the UK, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic effects on externalizing behavior that are unbiased by the common sources of environmental confounding. Results are consistent with the conclusion that an externalizing polygenic index (PGI) captures causal effects of genetic variants on externalizing problems in children and adolescents, with an effect size that is comparable to those observed for other established risk factors in the research literature on externalizing behavior. Additionally, we find that polygenic associations vary across development (peaking from age 5-10 years), that parental genetics (assortment and parent-specific effects) and family-level covariates affect prediction little, and that sex differences in polygenic prediction are present but only detectable using within-family comparisons. Based on these findings, we believe that the PGI for externalizing behavior is a promising means for studying the development of disruptive behaviors across child development.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.05.31.23290802}, Key = {fds373684} } @article{fds371461, Author = {Choi, Y and Nam, M and Yamane, N and Mazuka, R}, Title = {Lack of early sensitivity and gradual emergence of native phoneme categories: A pattern from underrepresented language learners.}, Journal = {Developmental Science}, Pages = {e13422}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13422}, Abstract = {Perceptual narrowing of speech perception supposes that young infants can discriminate most speech sounds early in life. During the second half of the first year, infants' phonetic sensitivity is attuned to their native phonology. However, supporting evidence for this pattern comes primarily from learners from a limited number of regions and languages. Very little evidence has accumulated on infants learning languages spoken in Asia, which accounts for most of the world's population. The present study examined the developmental trajectory of Korean-learning infants' sensitivity to a native stop contrast during the first year of life. The Korean language utilizes unusual voiceless three-way stop categories, requiring target categories to be derived from tight phonetic space. Further, two of these categories-lenis and aspirated-have undergone a diachronic change in recent decades as the primary acoustic cue for distinction has shifted among modern speakers. Consequently, the input distributions of these categories are mixed across speakers and speech styles, requiring learners to build flexible representations of target categories along these variations. The results showed that among the three age groups-4-6 months, 7-9 months, and 10-12 months-we tested, only 10-12-month-olds showed weak sensitivity to the two categories, suggesting that robust discrimination is not in place by the end of the first year. The study adds scarcely represented data, lending additional support for the lack of early sensitivity and prolonged emergence of native phonology that are inconsistent with learners of predominant studies and calls for more diverse samples to verify the generality of the typical perceptual narrowing pattern. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We investigated Korean-learning infants' developmental trajectory of native phoneme categories and whether they show the typical perceptual narrowing pattern. Robust discrimination did not appear until 12 months, suggesting that Korean infants' native phonology is not stabilized by the end of the first year. The prolonged emergence of sensitivity could be due to restricted phonetic space and input variations but suggests the possibility of a different developmental trajectory. The current study contributes scarcely represented Korean-learning infants' phonetic discrimination data to the speech development field.}, Doi = {10.1111/desc.13422}, Key = {fds371461} } @article{fds371489, Author = {Boen, CE and Keister, LA and Gibson-Davis, CM and Luck, A}, Title = {The Buffering Effect of State Eviction and Foreclosure Policies for Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.}, Journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior}, Pages = {221465231175939}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221465231175939}, Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic spurred an economic downturn that may have eroded population mental health, especially for renters and homeowners who experienced financial hardship and were at risk of housing loss. Using household-level data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (n = 805,223; August 2020-August 2021) and state-level data on eviction/foreclosure bans, we estimated linear probability models with two-way fixed effects to (1) examine links between COVID-related financial hardship and anxiety/depression and (2) assess whether state eviction/foreclosure bans buffered the detrimental mental health impacts of financial hardship. Findings show that individuals who reported difficulty paying for household expenses and keeping up with rent or mortgage had increased anxiety and depression risks but that state eviction/foreclosure bans weakened these associations. Our findings underscore the importance of state policies in protecting mental health and suggest that heterogeneity in state responses may have contributed to mental health inequities during the pandemic.}, Doi = {10.1177/00221465231175939}, Key = {fds371489} } @article{fds367705, Author = {Rothenberg, WA and Lansford, JE and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Tapanya, S and Steinberg, L and Bornstein, MH}, Title = {The Intergenerational Transmission of Maladaptive Parenting and its Impact on Child Mental Health: Examining Cross-Cultural Mediating Pathways and Moderating Protective Factors.}, Journal = {Child Psychiatry and Human Development}, Volume = {54}, Number = {3}, Pages = {870-890}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01311-6}, Abstract = {Using a sample of 1338 families from 12 cultural groups in 9 nations, we examined whether retrospectively remembered Generation 1 (G1) parent rejecting behaviors were passed to Generation 2 (G2 parents), whether such intergenerational transmission led to higher Generation 3 (G3 child) externalizing and internalizing behavior at age 13, and whether such intergenerational transmission could be interrupted by parent participation in parenting programs or family income increases of > 5%. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we found that the intergenerational transmission of parent rejection that is linked with higher child externalizing and internalizing problems occurs across cultural contexts. However, the magnitude of transmission is greater in cultures with higher normative levels of parent rejection. Parenting program participation broke this intergenerational cycle in fathers from cultures high in normative parent rejection. Income increases appear to break this intergenerational cycle in mothers from most cultures, regardless of normative levels of parent rejection. These results tentatively suggest that bolstering protective factors such as parenting program participation, income supplementation, and (in cultures high in normative parent rejection) legislative changes and other population-wide positive parenting information campaigns aimed at changing cultural parenting norms may be effective in breaking intergenerational cycles of maladaptive parenting and improving child mental health across multiple generations.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10578-021-01311-6}, Key = {fds367705} } @article{fds370018, Author = {Baziyants, GA and Dodge, KA and Bai, Y and Goodman, WB and O'Donnell, K and Murphy, RA}, Title = {The effects of a universal short-term home visiting program: Two-year impact on parenting behavior and parent mental health.}, Journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, Volume = {140}, Pages = {106140}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106140}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: At the time of childbirth, families face heightened levels of unmet need. These needs, if left unmet, can lead parents to engage in less positive parenting practices, which in turn, increase the risk of child maltreatment. Family Connects (FC) is a universal postnatal nurse home-visiting program designed to prevent child maltreatment by supporting all families in a community through one to three visits to improve parent mental health and parenting behaviors. A randomized controlled trial of FC demonstrated improving positive parenting and reducing postpartum depression through age 6 months. OBJECTIVE: To determine sustained (2-year) impact of random assignment to FC on parenting behavior and parent mental health and identify heterogeneity of effects. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A representative subsample of 496 families that had been randomized to FC (255 treatment; 241 control) of infants born between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2010, in Durham County, North Carolina. METHODS: Demographic characteristics were collected through hospital discharge data. Treatment-blinded interviewers collected maternal reports of parenting behavior and mental health at infant age two years. Moderation and subgroup analyses were conducted to estimate heterogeneity in impact of FC. RESULTS: Mothers assigned to FC engaged in more self-reported positive parenting relative to control mothers (B = 0.21; p < 0.05). Hispanic mothers assigned to FC reported greater sense of parenting competence (B = 1.28; p < 0.05). No significant main effect differences were identified for negative parenting, maternal depression, or father involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Assignment to FC was associated with improvements in population-level self-reported scores of positive parenting 2 years post-intervention.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106140}, Key = {fds370018} } @article{fds370019, Author = {Kapetanovic, S and Zietz, S and Lansford, JE and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Di Giunta and L and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Oburu, P and Junla, D and Pastorelli, C and Skinner, AT and Sorbring, E and Tapanya, S and Steinberg, L and Tirado, LMU and Yotanyamaneewong, S and Alampay, LP and Al-Hassan, SM}, Title = {Parenting, Adolescent Sensation Seeking, and Subsequent Substance Use: Moderation by Adolescent Temperament.}, Journal = {Journal of Youth and Adolescence}, Volume = {52}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1235-1254}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01765-y}, Abstract = {Although previous research has identified links between parenting and adolescent substance use, little is known about the role of adolescent individual processes, such as sensation seeking, and temperamental tendencies for such links. To test tenets from biopsychosocial models of adolescent risk behavior and differential susceptibility theory, this study investigated longitudinal associations among positive and harsh parenting, adolescent sensation seeking, and substance use and tested whether the indirect associations were moderated by adolescent temperament, including activation control, frustration, sadness, and positive emotions. Longitudinal data reported by adolescents (n = 892; 49.66% girls) and their mothers from eight cultural groups when adolescents were ages 12, 13, and 14 were used. A moderated mediation model showed that parenting was related to adolescent substance use, both directly and indirectly, through sensation seeking. Indirect associations were moderated by adolescent temperament. This study advances understanding of the developmental paths between the contextual and individual factors critical for adolescent substance use across a wide range of cultural contexts.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10964-023-01765-y}, Key = {fds370019} } @article{fds371228, Author = {Watts, TW and Jenkins, JM and Dodge, KA and Carr, RC and Sauval, M and Bai, Y and Escueta, M and Duer, J and Ladd, H and Muschkin, C and Peisner-Feinberg, E and Ananat, E}, Title = {Understanding Heterogeneity in the Impact of Public Preschool Programs.}, Journal = {Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development}, Volume = {88}, Number = {1}, Pages = {7-182}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mono.12463}, Abstract = {We examine the North Carolina Pre-K (NC Pre-K) program to test the hypothesis that observed variation in effects resulting from exposure to the program can be attributed to interactions with other environmental factors that occur before, during, or after the pre-k year. We examine student outcomes in 5th grade and test interaction effects between NC's level of investment in public pre-k and moderating factors. Our main sample includes the population of children born in North Carolina between 1987 and 2005 who later attended a public school in that state, had valid achievement data in 5th grade, and could be matched by administrative record review (n = 1,207,576; 58% White non-Hispanic, 29% Black non-Hispanic, 7% Hispanic, 6% multiracial and Other race/ethnicity). Analyses were based on a natural experiment leveraging variation in county-level funding for NC Pre-K across NC counties during each of the years the state scaled up the program. Exposure to NC Pre-K funding was defined as the per-4-year-old-child state allocation of funds to a county in a year. Regression models included child-level and county-level covariates and county and year fixed effects. Estimates indicate that a child's exposure to higher NC Pre-K funding was positively associated with that child's academic achievement 6 years later. We found no effect on special education placement or grade retention. NC Pre-K funding effects on achievement were positive for all subgroups tested, and statistically significant for most. However, they were larger for children exposed to more disadvantaged environments either before or after the pre-k experience, consistent with a compensatory model where pre-k provides a buffer against the adverse effects of prior negative environmental experiences and protection against the effects of future adverse experiences. In addition, the effect of NC Pre-K funding on achievement remained positive across most environments, supporting an additive effects model. In contrast, few findings supported a dynamic complementarity model. Instrumental variables analyses incorporating a child's NC Pre-K enrollment status indicate that program attendance increased average 5th grade achievement by approximately 20% of a standard deviation, and impacts were largest for children who were Hispanic or whose mothers had less than a high school education. Implications for the future of pre-k scale-up and developmental theory are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1111/mono.12463}, Key = {fds371228} } @article{fds370292, Author = {Blair, EM and Reale, BK and Zahuranec, DB and Forman, J and Langa, KM and Giordani, BJ and Plassman, BL and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Wang, J and Kollman, CD and Levine, DA}, Title = {Influence of mild cognitive impairment on patient and care partner decision-making for acute ischemic stroke.}, Journal = {J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis}, Volume = {32}, Number = {6}, Pages = {107068}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107068}, Abstract = {GOALS: Evidence suggests that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) receive fewer treatments for acute ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular diseases than patients with normal cognition. Little is known about how patient and care partner preferences for ischemic stroke treatment differ between the patient population with MCI and the population with normal cognition. This study aimed to understand how patient MCI diagnosis influences patient and care partner decision-making for acute ischemic stroke treatments. METHODS: Multi-center qualitative study using in-person semi-structured interviews with 20 MCI and normal cognition patient-care partner dyads using a standard guide. The present study reports results on patient and care partner preferences for a clinical vignette patient to receive three non-invasive treatments (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, inpatient rehabilitation, and secondary preventive medications) and two invasive treatments (feeding tube and carotid endarterectomy) after acute ischemic stroke. We used qualitative content analysis to identify themes. FINDINGS: We identified three major themes: (1) Patients with MCI desired non-invasive treatments after stroke, similar to patients with normal cognition and for similar reasons; (2) Patients with MCI expressed different preferences than patients with normal cognition for two invasive treatments after stroke: carotid endarterectomy and feeding tube placement; and (3) Patients with MCI expressed more skepticism of the stroke treatment options and less decisiveness in decision-making than patients with normal cognition. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that patient MCI diagnosis may contribute to differences in patient and care partner preferences for invasive treatments after stroke, but not for non-invasive treatments.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107068}, Key = {fds370292} } @article{fds371156, Author = {Grazia, A and Altomare, D and Preis, L and Monsch, AU and Cappa, SF and Gauthier, S and Frölich, L and Winblad, B and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Teipel, SJ and Boccardi, M and Consortium for the Harmonization of Neuropsychological Assessment}, Title = {Feasibility of a standard cognitive assessment in European academic memory clinics.}, Journal = {Alzheimers Dement}, Volume = {19}, Number = {6}, Pages = {2276-2286}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.12830}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Standardized cognitive assessment would enhance diagnostic reliability across memory clinics. An expert consensus adapted the Uniform Dataset (UDS)-3 for European centers, the clinician's UDS (cUDS). This study assessed its implementation acceptability and feasibility. METHODS: We developed a survey investigating barriers, facilitators, and willingness to implement the cUDS. With a mixed-methods design, we analyzed data from academic memory clinics. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of responding clinicians were experienced neuropsychologists/psychologists and 22% were medical specialists coming from 18 European countries. Sixty-five percent clinicians were willing to implement cUDS. General barriers related to implementation (43%) and clinical-methodological domains (21%). Favorable clinicians reported finances (15%) and digitalization (9%) as facilitating, but unavailability of local norms (23%) as hindering. Unfavorable clinicians reported logistical (23%) and time issues (18%). DISCUSSION: Despite challenges, data showed moderate clinicians' acceptability and requirements to improve feasibility. Nonetheless, these results come from academic clinicians. The next steps will require feasibility evaluation in non-academic contexts.}, Doi = {10.1002/alz.12830}, Key = {fds371156} } @article{fds367444, Author = {Marx, W and Manger, SH and Blencowe, M and Murray, G and Ho, FY-Y and Lawn, S and Blumenthal, JA and Schuch, F and Stubbs, B and Ruusunen, A and Desyibelew, HD and Dinan, TG and Jacka, F and Ravindran, A and Berk, M and O'Neil, A}, Title = {Clinical guidelines for the use of lifestyle-based mental health care in major depressive disorder: World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM) taskforce.}, Journal = {World J Biol Psychiatry}, Volume = {24}, Number = {5}, Pages = {333-386}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives of these international guidelines were to provide a global audience of clinicians with (a) a series of evidence-based recommendations for the provision of lifestyle-based mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and (b) a series of implementation considerations that may be applicable across a range of settings. METHODS: Recommendations and associated evidence-based gradings were based on a series of systematic literature searches of published research as well as the clinical expertise of taskforce members. The focus of the guidelines was eight lifestyle domains: physical activity and exercise, smoking cessation, work-directed interventions, mindfulness-based and stress management therapies, diet, sleep, loneliness and social support, and green space interaction. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched for articles published prior to June 2020: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register), CINAHL, PsycINFO. Evidence grading was based on the level of evidence specific to MDD and risk of bias, in accordance with the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry criteria. RESULTS: Nine recommendations were formed. The recommendations with the highest ratings to improve MDD were the use of physical activity and exercise, relaxation techniques, work-directed interventions, sleep, and mindfulness-based therapies (Grade 2). Interventions related to diet and green space were recommended, but with a lower strength of evidence (Grade 3). Recommendations regarding smoking cessation and loneliness and social support were based on expert opinion. Key implementation considerations included the need for input from allied health professionals and support networks to implement this type of approach, the importance of partnering such recommendations with behaviour change support, and the need to deliver interventions using a biopsychosocial-cultural framework. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle-based interventions are recommended as a foundational component of mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder, where other evidence-based therapies can be added or used in combination. The findings and recommendations of these guidelines support the need for further research to address existing gaps in efficacy and implementation research, especially for emerging lifestyle-based approaches (e.g. green space, loneliness and social support interventions) where data are limited. Further work is also needed to develop innovative approaches for delivery and models of care, and to support the training of health professionals regarding lifestyle-based mental health care.}, Doi = {10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074}, Key = {fds367444} } @article{fds370237, Author = {Hyland, KA and Amaden, GH and Diachina, AK and Miller, SN and Dorfman, CS and Berchuck, SI and Winger, JG and Somers, TJ and Keefe, FJ and Uronis, HE and Kelleher, SA}, Title = {mHealth Coping Skills Training for Symptom Management (mCOPE) for colorectal cancer patients in early to mid-adulthood: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.}, Journal = {Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications}, Volume = {33}, Pages = {101126}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101126}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in early to mid-adulthood (≤50 years) are challenged by high symptom burden (i.e., pain, fatigue, distress) and age-related stressors (e.g., managing family, work). Cognitive behavioral theory (CBT)-based coping skills training interventions reduce symptoms and improve quality of life in cancer patients. However, traditional CBT-based interventions are not accessible to these patients (e.g., in-person sessions, during work day), nor designed to address symptoms within the context of this stage of life. We developed a mobile health (mHealth) coping skills training program for pain, fatigue and distress (mCOPE) for CRC patients in early to mid-adulthood. We utilize a randomized controlled trial to test the extent to which mCOPE reduces pain, fatigue and distress (multiple primary outcomes) and improves quality of life and symptom self-efficacy (secondary outcomes). METHODS/DESIGN: Patients (N = 160) ≤50 years with CRC endorsing pain, fatigue and/or distress are randomized 1:1 to mCOPE or standard care. mCOPE is a five-session CBT-based coping skills training program (e.g., relaxation, activity pacing, cognitive restructuring) that was adapted for CRC patients in early to mid-adulthood. mCOPE utilizes mHealth technology (e.g., videoconference, mobile app) to deliver coping skills training, capture symptom and skills use data, and provide personalized support and feedback. Self-report assessments are completed at baseline, post-treatment (5-8 weeks post-baseline; primary endpoint), and 3- and 6-months later. CONCLUSIONS: mCOPE is innovative and potentially impactful for CRC patients in early to mid-adulthood. Hypothesis confirmation would demonstrate initial efficacy of a mHealth cognitive behavioral intervention to reduce symptom burden in younger CRC patients.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101126}, Key = {fds370237} } @article{fds371137, Author = {Oehrlein, EM and US Food and Drug Administration Interviewees}, Title = {An Interview With the Food and Drug Administration About Draft Patient-Focused Drug Development Guidance 3: Selecting, Developing, or Modifying Fit-for-Purpose Clinical Outcome Assessments.}, Journal = {Value Health}, Volume = {26}, Number = {6}, Pages = {791-795}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.04.006}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2023.04.006}, Key = {fds371137} } @article{fds370240, Author = {Gassman-Pines, A and Bellows, L and Copeland, WE and Hoyle, RH and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Day-to-day variation in adolescent food insecurity.}, Journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, Volume = {149}, Pages = {106954-106954}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106954}, Abstract = {This study examined differences in both average and variability in daily adolescent food insecurity, by adolescents' levels of economic disadvantage and race/ethnicity. We used data from a 14-day ecological momentary assessment of 395 adolescents enrolled in public schools in North Carolina. Each evening, adolescents were asked questions about that day's food insecurity. Economically disadvantaged adolescents reported both higher average food insecurity and more day-to-day variability in food insecurity than non-economically disadvantaged adolescents. Controlling for economic disadvantage, Black adolescents also experienced both higher average food insecurity and more variability from day to day than White or Hispanic adolescents. For those receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, daily food insecurity was higher in the second half of the month after SNAP transfer than in the beginning of the month. Food insecurity among adolescents is not static but varies from day to day. This daily variation is greater for economically disadvantaged youth.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106954}, Key = {fds370240} } @article{fds370241, Author = {Burnell, K and Andrade, FC and Kwiatek, SM and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Digital location tracking: A preliminary investigation of parents' use of digital technology to monitor their adolescent's location.}, Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)}, Volume = {37}, Number = {4}, Pages = {561-567}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0001067}, Abstract = {The emergence of digital technologies has changed the dynamic of parent-adolescent relationships. Parents can now use digital technologies to monitor their adolescent's physical location. Yet, to date, no known research has examined the extent to which digital location tracking occurs in parent-adolescent dyads, and how tracking links to adolescent adjustment. The current research examined digital location tracking in a large sample of adolescents (<i>N</i> = 729; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 15.03). Overall, about half of parents and adolescents reported digital location tracking. Girls and younger adolescents were more likely to be tracked, and tracking was associated with greater externalizing problems and alcohol consumption; however, these associations were not robust across multiple informants and sensitivity analyses. Positive linkages with externalizing problems and cannabis use were in part contingent on age and positive parenting, with associations emerging for older adolescents and adolescents who report lower positive parenting. Older adolescents are increasingly striving for independence and autonomy, and adolescents who perceive lower positive parenting may view digital tracking as controlling and intrusive. However, results were not robust after statistical correction. This brief report is intended to serve as a preliminary investigation into digital location tracking, and future research is needed to determine the directionality of associations. Possible consequences of parental digital tracking require careful consideration by researchers in order to provide guidance on the best practices for engaging in digital monitoring while nurturing and respecting the parent-adolescent relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/fam0001067}, Key = {fds370241} } @article{fds374170, Author = {Meyerson, WU and Pieper, CF and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Use of Quantile Treatment Effects Analysis to Describe Antidepressant Response in Randomized Clinical Trials Submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration: A Secondary Analysis of Pooled Trial Data.}, Journal = {Jama Network Open}, Volume = {6}, Number = {6}, Pages = {e2317714}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17714}, Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global distress and disability. Earlier studies have indicated that antidepressant therapy confers a modest reduction in depressive symptoms on average, but the distribution of this reduction requires more research. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the distribution of antidepressant response by depression severity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this secondary analysis of pooled trial data, quantile treatment effect (QTE) analysis was conducted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database of antidepressant monotherapy for patients with MDD, encompassing 232 positive and negative trials submitted to the FDA between 1979 and 2016. Analysis was restricted to participants with severe MDD (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD-17] score ≥20). Data analysis was conducted from August 16, 2022, to April 16, 2023. INTERVENTION: Antidepressant monotherapy compared with placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The distribution of percentage depression response was compared between the pooled treatment arm and pooled placebo arm. Percentage depression response was defined as 1 minus the ratio of final depression severity to baseline depression severity, expressed as a percentage. Depression severity was reported in HAMD-17-equivalent units. RESULTS: A total of 57 313 participants with severe depression were included in the analysis. There was no significant imbalance in baseline depression severity between the pooled treatment arm and pooled placebo arm, with a mean HAMD-17 difference of 0.037 points (P = .11 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). An interaction term test for rank similarity did not reject the rank similarity governing percentage depression response (P > .99). The entire distribution of depression response was more favorable in the pooled treatment arm than in the pooled placebo arm. The maximum separation between treatment and placebo occurred at the 55th quantile and corresponded to an absolute improvement in depression due to active drug of 13.5% (95% CI, 12.4%-14.4%). The separation between treatment and placebo diminished near the tails of the distribution. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this QTE analysis of pooled clinical trial data from the FDA, antidepressants were found to confer a small reduction in depression severity that was broadly distributed across participants with severe depression. Alternatively, if the assumptions behind the QTE analysis are not met, then the data are also compatible with antidepressants eliciting more complete response in a smaller subset of participants than is suggested by this QTE analysis.}, Doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.17714}, Key = {fds374170} } @article{fds370496, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Caspi, A and Brennan, GM and Hall, KS and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Kimbrel, NA and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Taylor, GA and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Which Types of Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging? Comparing Perceived Stress, Stressful Life Events, Childhood Adversity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {85}, Number = {5}, Pages = {389-396}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Stress and stressful events are associated with poorer health; however, there are multiple ways to conceptualize and measure stress and stress responses. One physiological mechanism through which stress could result in poorer health is accelerated biological aging. This study tested which types of stress were associated with accelerated biological aging in adulthood. METHODS: Studying 955 participants from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, we tested whether four types of stress assessed from ages 32 to 45 years-perceived stress, number of stressful life events, adverse childhood experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder-were associated with accelerated biological aging. RESULTS: Higher levels of all four measures of stress were significantly associated with accelerated aging in separate models. In a combined model, more perceived stress and more stressful life events remained associated with faster aging, and the stress measures explained 6.9% of the variance in aging. The magnitudes of the associations between the four measures of stress and biological aging were comparable to associations for smoking and low education, two established risk factors for accelerated aging. People with high levels of perceived stress, numerous adverse childhood experiences (4+), high stressful life event counts, or posttraumatic stress disorder were aging an additional estimated 2.4 months, 1.1 additional months, 1.4 months, and 1.4 months per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing stress, particularly perceived stress, could help identify people at risk of accelerated aging. Intervening to treat stress or the health-relevant sequelae of stress could potentially slow the rate at which people are aging, improving their health as they age.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Key = {fds370496} } @article{fds370498, Author = {Whitman, ET and Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Abraham, WC and Cheyne, K and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Leung, JH and Melzer, TR and Poulton, R and Purdy, SC and Ramrakha, S and Thorne, PR and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Functional topography of the neocortex predicts covariation in complex cognitive and basic motor abilities.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {33}, Number = {13}, Pages = {8218-8231}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad109}, Abstract = {Although higher-order cognitive and lower-order sensorimotor abilities are generally regarded as distinct and studied separately, there is evidence that they not only covary but also that this covariation increases across the lifespan. This pattern has been leveraged in clinical settings where a simple assessment of sensory or motor ability (e.g. hearing, gait speed) can forecast age-related cognitive decline and risk for dementia. However, the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive, sensory, and motor covariation are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether such covariation in midlife reflects variability in common versus distinct neocortical networks using individualized maps of functional topography derived from BOLD fMRI data collected in 769 45-year-old members of a population-representative cohort. Analyses revealed that variability in basic motor but not hearing ability reflected individual differences in the functional topography of neocortical networks typically supporting cognitive ability. These patterns suggest that covariation in motor and cognitive abilities in midlife reflects convergence of function in higher-order neocortical networks and that gait speed may not be simply a measure of physical function but rather an integrative index of nervous system health.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad109}, Key = {fds370498} } @article{fds370500, Author = {Madrid-Valero, JJ and Matthews, T and Barclay, NL and Odgers, CL and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Arseneault, L and Gregory, AM}, Title = {Problematic technology use and sleep quality in young adulthood: novel insights from a nationally representative twin study.}, Journal = {Sleep}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Pages = {zsad038}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad038}, Abstract = {<h4>Study objectives</h4>Digital technology use is associated with poor sleep quality in adolescence and young adulthood although research findings have been mixed. No studies have addressed the association between the two using a genetically informative twin design which could extend our understanding of the etiology of this relationship. This study aimed to test: (1) the association between adolescents' perceived problematic use of digital technology and poor sleep quality, (2) whether the association between problematic use of technology and poor sleep quality remains after controlling for familial factors, and (3) genetic and environmental influences on the association between problematic use of technology and poor sleep quality.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were 2232 study members (18-year-old twins) of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. The sample was 48.9% male, 90% white, and 55.6% monozygotic. We conducted regression and twin difference analyses and fitted twin models.<h4>Results</h4>Twin differences for problematic use of technology were associated with differences for poor sleep quality in the whole sample (p < 0.001; B = 0.15) and also when we limited the analyses to identical twins only (p < 0.001; B = 0.21). We observed a substantial genetic correlation between problematic use of technology and sleep quality (rA = 0.31), whereas the environmental correlation was lower (rE = 0.16).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Adolescent reported problematic use of digital technology is associated with poor sleep quality-even after controlling for familial factors including genetic confounds. Our results suggest that the association between adolescents' sleep and problematic digital technology use is not accounted for by shared genetic liability or familial factors but could reflect a causal association. This robust association needs to be examined in future research designed to test causal associations.}, Doi = {10.1093/sleep/zsad038}, Key = {fds370500} } @article{fds371370, Author = {Theadom, A and Barker-Collo, S and Parag, V and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hogan, S and Ramrakha, S and Poulton, R}, Title = {Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Significantly Affect Midlife Cognitive Functioning Within the General Population: Findings From a Prospective Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study.}, Journal = {The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/htr.0000000000000875}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To determine whether differences exist in mid-adulthood cognitive functioning in people with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).<h4>Setting</h4>Community-based study.<h4>Participants</h4>People born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, recruited into the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Longitudinal Study, who completed neuropsychological assessments in mid-adulthood. Participants who had experienced a moderate or severe TBI or mTBI in the past 12 months were excluded.<h4>Design</h4>Longitudinal, prospective, observational study.<h4>Main measures</h4>Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, childhood cognition (between 7 and 11 years), and alcohol and substance dependence (from 21 years of age). mTBI history was determined from accident and medical records (from birth to 45 years of age). Participants were classified as having 1 mTBI and more in their lifetime or no mTBI. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) and Trail Making Tests A and B (between 38 and 45 years of age) were used to assess cognitive functioning. T tests and effect sizes were used to identify any differences on cognitive functioning domains between the mTBI and no mTBI groups. Regression models explored the relative contribution of number of mTBIs and age of first mTBI and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables on cognitive functioning.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 885 participants, 518 (58.5%) had experienced at least 1 mTBI over their lifetime, with a mean number of 2.5 mTBIs. The mTBI group had significantly slower processing speed (P < .01, d = 0.23) in mid-adulthood than the no TBI controls, with a medium effect size. However, the relationship no longer remained significant after controlling for childhood cognition, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. No significant differences were observed for overall intelligence, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, attention, or cognitive flexibility. Childhood cognition was not linked to likelihood of sustaining mTBI later in life.<h4>Conclusion</h4>mTBI histories in the general population were not associated with lower cognitive functioning in mid-adulthood once sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were taken into account.}, Doi = {10.1097/htr.0000000000000875}, Key = {fds371370} } @article{fds370369, Author = {Madrid-Valero, JJ and Matthews, T and Barclay, NL and Odgers, CL and Moffitt, TE and Caspi, A and Arseneault, L and Gregory, AM}, Title = {Problematic technology use and sleep quality in young adulthood: novel insights from a nationally representative twin study.}, Journal = {Sleep}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Pages = {zsad038}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad038}, Abstract = {<h4>Study objectives</h4>Digital technology use is associated with poor sleep quality in adolescence and young adulthood although research findings have been mixed. No studies have addressed the association between the two using a genetically informative twin design which could extend our understanding of the etiology of this relationship. This study aimed to test: (1) the association between adolescents' perceived problematic use of digital technology and poor sleep quality, (2) whether the association between problematic use of technology and poor sleep quality remains after controlling for familial factors, and (3) genetic and environmental influences on the association between problematic use of technology and poor sleep quality.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were 2232 study members (18-year-old twins) of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. The sample was 48.9% male, 90% white, and 55.6% monozygotic. We conducted regression and twin difference analyses and fitted twin models.<h4>Results</h4>Twin differences for problematic use of technology were associated with differences for poor sleep quality in the whole sample (p < 0.001; B = 0.15) and also when we limited the analyses to identical twins only (p < 0.001; B = 0.21). We observed a substantial genetic correlation between problematic use of technology and sleep quality (rA = 0.31), whereas the environmental correlation was lower (rE = 0.16).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Adolescent reported problematic use of digital technology is associated with poor sleep quality-even after controlling for familial factors including genetic confounds. Our results suggest that the association between adolescents' sleep and problematic digital technology use is not accounted for by shared genetic liability or familial factors but could reflect a causal association. This robust association needs to be examined in future research designed to test causal associations.}, Doi = {10.1093/sleep/zsad038}, Key = {fds370369} } @article{fds371264, Author = {Bourassa, KJ and Caspi, A and Brennan, GM and Hall, KS and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Kimbrel, NA and Poulton, R and Ramrakha, S and Taylor, GA and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Which Types of Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging? Comparing Perceived Stress, Stressful Life Events, Childhood Adversity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {85}, Number = {5}, Pages = {389-396}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Stress and stressful events are associated with poorer health; however, there are multiple ways to conceptualize and measure stress and stress responses. One physiological mechanism through which stress could result in poorer health is accelerated biological aging. This study tested which types of stress were associated with accelerated biological aging in adulthood. METHODS: Studying 955 participants from the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, we tested whether four types of stress assessed from ages 32 to 45 years-perceived stress, number of stressful life events, adverse childhood experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder-were associated with accelerated biological aging. RESULTS: Higher levels of all four measures of stress were significantly associated with accelerated aging in separate models. In a combined model, more perceived stress and more stressful life events remained associated with faster aging, and the stress measures explained 6.9% of the variance in aging. The magnitudes of the associations between the four measures of stress and biological aging were comparable to associations for smoking and low education, two established risk factors for accelerated aging. People with high levels of perceived stress, numerous adverse childhood experiences (4+), high stressful life event counts, or posttraumatic stress disorder were aging an additional estimated 2.4 months, 1.1 additional months, 1.4 months, and 1.4 months per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing stress, particularly perceived stress, could help identify people at risk of accelerated aging. Intervening to treat stress or the health-relevant sequelae of stress could potentially slow the rate at which people are aging, improving their health as they age.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000001197}, Key = {fds371264} } @article{fds371653, Author = {Whitman, ET and Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Abraham, WC and Cheyne, K and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Leung, JH and Melzer, TR and Poulton, R and Purdy, SC and Ramrakha, S and Thorne, PR and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Functional topography of the neocortex predicts covariation in complex cognitive and basic motor abilities.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {33}, Number = {13}, Pages = {8218-8231}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad109}, Abstract = {Although higher-order cognitive and lower-order sensorimotor abilities are generally regarded as distinct and studied separately, there is evidence that they not only covary but also that this covariation increases across the lifespan. This pattern has been leveraged in clinical settings where a simple assessment of sensory or motor ability (e.g. hearing, gait speed) can forecast age-related cognitive decline and risk for dementia. However, the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive, sensory, and motor covariation are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether such covariation in midlife reflects variability in common versus distinct neocortical networks using individualized maps of functional topography derived from BOLD fMRI data collected in 769 45-year-old members of a population-representative cohort. Analyses revealed that variability in basic motor but not hearing ability reflected individual differences in the functional topography of neocortical networks typically supporting cognitive ability. These patterns suggest that covariation in motor and cognitive abilities in midlife reflects convergence of function in higher-order neocortical networks and that gait speed may not be simply a measure of physical function but rather an integrative index of nervous system health.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad109}, Key = {fds371653} } @article{fds370885, Author = {Smith, CJ and Rendina, DN and Kingsbury, MA and Malacon, KE and Nguyen, DM and Tran, JJ and Devlin, BA and Raju, RM and Clark, MJ and Burgett, L and Zhang, JH and Cetinbas, M and Sadreyev, RI and Chen, K and Iyer, MS and Bilbo, SD}, Title = {Microbial modulation via cross-fostering prevents the effects of pervasive environmental stressors on microglia and social behavior, but not the dopamine system.}, Journal = {Molecular Psychiatry}, Volume = {28}, Number = {6}, Pages = {2549-2562}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02108-w}, Abstract = {Environmental toxicant exposure, including air pollution, is increasing worldwide. However, toxicant exposures are not equitably distributed. Rather, low-income and minority communities bear the greatest burden, along with higher levels of psychosocial stress. Both air pollution and maternal stress during pregnancy have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, but biological mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that combined prenatal exposure to air pollution (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) and maternal stress (MS) in mice induces social behavior deficits only in male offspring, in line with the male bias in autism. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by changes in microglial morphology and gene expression as well as decreased dopamine receptor expression and dopaminergic fiber input in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Importantly, the gut-brain axis has been implicated in ASD, and both microglia and the dopamine system are sensitive to the composition of the gut microbiome. In line with this, we find that the composition of the gut microbiome and the structure of the intestinal epithelium are significantly shifted in DEP/MS-exposed males. Excitingly, both the DEP/MS-induced social deficits and microglial alterations in males are prevented by shifting the gut microbiome at birth via a cross-fostering procedure. However, while social deficits in DEP/MS males can be reversed by chemogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, modulation of the gut microbiome does not impact dopamine endpoints. These findings demonstrate male-specific changes in the gut-brain axis following DEP/MS and suggest that the gut microbiome is an important modulator of both social behavior and microglia.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41380-023-02108-w}, Key = {fds370885} } @article{fds370352, Author = {Gassman-Pines, A and Bellows, L and Copeland, WE and Hoyle, RH and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Day-to-day variation in adolescent food insecurity.}, Journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, Volume = {149}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106954}, Abstract = {This study examined differences in both average and variability in daily adolescent food insecurity, by adolescents' levels of economic disadvantage and race/ethnicity. We used data from a 14-day ecological momentary assessment of 395 adolescents enrolled in public schools in North Carolina. Each evening, adolescents were asked questions about that day's food insecurity. Economically disadvantaged adolescents reported both higher average food insecurity and more day-to-day variability in food insecurity than non-economically disadvantaged adolescents. Controlling for economic disadvantage, Black adolescents also experienced both higher average food insecurity and more variability from day to day than White or Hispanic adolescents. For those receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, daily food insecurity was higher in the second half of the month after SNAP transfer than in the beginning of the month. Food insecurity among adolescents is not static but varies from day to day. This daily variation is greater for economically disadvantaged youth.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106954}, Key = {fds370352} } @article{fds370314, Author = {Phillips, R and Walsh, E and Jensen, T and Nagy, G and Kinard, J and Cernasov, P and Smoski, M and Dichter, G}, Title = {Longitudinal associations between perceived stress and anhedonia during psychotherapy.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {330}, Pages = {206-213}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.011}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic stress alters reward sensitivity and contributes to the emergence of anhedonia. In clinical samples, the perception of stress is a strong predictor of anhedonia. While there is substantial evidence demonstrating psychotherapy reduces perceived stress, little is known regarding the effects of treatment-related decreases in perceived stress on anhedonia. METHODS: The current study investigated reciprocal relations between perceived stress and anhedonia using a cross-lagged panel model approach in a 15-week clinical trial examining the effects of Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia (BATA), a novel psychotherapy to treat anhedonia, compared to a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) comparison intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02874534 and NCT04036136). RESULTS: Treatment completers (n = 72) experienced significant reductions in anhedonia (M = -8.94, SD = 5.66) on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (t(71) = 13.39, p < .0001), and significant reductions in perceived stress (M = -3.71, SD = 3.88) on the Perceived Stress Scale (t(71) = 8.11, p < .0001) following treatment. Across all treatment-seeking participants (n = 87), a longitudinal autoregressive cross-lagged model revealed significant paths showing that higher levels of perceived stress at treatment Week 1 predicted reductions in anhedonia at treatment Week 4; lower levels of perceived stress at Week 8 predicted reductions in anhedonia at Week 12. Anhedonia did not significantly predict perceived stress at any stage of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed specific timing and directional effects of perceived stress on anhedonia during psychotherapy treatment. Individuals with relatively high perceived stress at the start of treatment were more likely to report relatively lower anhedonia a few weeks into treatment. At mid-treatment, individuals with low perceived stress were more likely to report lower anhedonia towards the end of treatment. These results demonstrate that early treatment components reduce perceived stress, thus allowing for downstream changes in hedonic functioning during mid-late treatment. The findings presented here suggest it will be critically important for future clinical trials evaluating novel interventions for anhedonia to measure stress levels repeatedly, as an important mechanism of change. TRIAL NAME: Development of a Novel Transdiagnostic Intervention for Anhedonia - R61 Phase. TRIAL URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02874534. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02874534.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.011}, Key = {fds370314} } @article{fds369844, Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler, DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B}, Title = {Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in dogs compared to wolves raised with more human exposure.}, Journal = {Learning & Behavior}, Volume = {51}, Number = {2}, Pages = {131-134}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2}, Abstract = {Here, we address Hansen Wheat et al.'s commentary in this journal in response to Salomons et al. Current Biology, 31(14), 3137-3144.E11, (2021). We conduct additional analyses in response to Hansen Wheat et al.'s two main questions. First, we examine the claim that it was the move to a human home environment which enabled the dog puppies to outperform the wolf puppies in gesture comprehension tasks. We show that the youngest dog puppies who had not yet been individually placed in raisers' homes were still highly skilled, and outperformed similar-aged wolf puppies who had higher levels of human interaction. Second, we address the claim that willingness to approach a stranger can explain the difference between dog and wolf pups' ability to succeed in gesture comprehension tasks. We explain the various controls in the original study that render this explanation insufficient, and demonstrate via model comparison that the covariance of species and temperament also make this parsing impossible. Overall, our additional analyses and considerations support the domestication hypothesis as laid out by Salomons et al. Current Biology, 31(14), 3137-3144.E11, (2021).}, Doi = {10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2}, Key = {fds369844} } @article{fds369884, Author = {Al-Khalil, K and Towe, SL and Ikner, TP and Meade, CS}, Title = {HIV viremia contributes to neurocognitive impairments in persons who use cocaine.}, Journal = {Journal of Neurovirology}, Volume = {29}, Number = {3}, Pages = {331-336}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-022-01100-4}, Abstract = {Persons with HIV (PWH) who use illicit drugs are at elevated risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study investigated the effects of HIV disease and HIV viremia on NCI among adults who use cocaine. PWH who were not virologically suppressed showed greater global deficits compared to participants with HIV viral suppression and HIV-negative participants, but no differences emerged between the latter two groups. These findings highlight the adverse effects of poorly controlled HIV disease on NCI, beyond the independent effects of cocaine on cognition, and underscore the importance of strengthening the HIV care continuum for persons who use cocaine.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13365-022-01100-4}, Key = {fds369884} } @article{fds371656, Author = {Whitman, ET and Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Abraham, WC and Cheyne, K and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Leung, JH and Melzer, TR and Poulton, R and Purdy, SC and Ramrakha, S and Thorne, PR and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Functional topography of the neocortex predicts covariation in complex cognitive and basic motor abilities.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {33}, Number = {13}, Pages = {8218-8231}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad109}, Abstract = {Although higher-order cognitive and lower-order sensorimotor abilities are generally regarded as distinct and studied separately, there is evidence that they not only covary but also that this covariation increases across the lifespan. This pattern has been leveraged in clinical settings where a simple assessment of sensory or motor ability (e.g. hearing, gait speed) can forecast age-related cognitive decline and risk for dementia. However, the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive, sensory, and motor covariation are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether such covariation in midlife reflects variability in common versus distinct neocortical networks using individualized maps of functional topography derived from BOLD fMRI data collected in 769 45-year-old members of a population-representative cohort. Analyses revealed that variability in basic motor but not hearing ability reflected individual differences in the functional topography of neocortical networks typically supporting cognitive ability. These patterns suggest that covariation in motor and cognitive abilities in midlife reflects convergence of function in higher-order neocortical networks and that gait speed may not be simply a measure of physical function but rather an integrative index of nervous system health.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad109}, Key = {fds371656} } @article{fds369378, Author = {Schramm-Sapyta, NL and Ralph, M and Huynh, L and Tang, B and Tackett, M and Easter, M and Larsen, I}, Title = {Relationships between substance use disorders, 'severe mental illness' and re-arrest in a county detention facility: A 4-year follow-up cohort study.}, Journal = {Crim Behav Ment Health}, Volume = {33}, Number = {3}, Pages = {185-195}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2277}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature demonstrates strong association between poor mental health and criminal recidivism, but research from county jails is limited. AIMS: Our aim was to examine the relationship between re-arrest and severe mental illnesses-schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder-together and separately and with substance use disorders, separately and as comorbid conditions, in a mid-sized county jail cohort in the southeastern United States. METHODS: We examined the full cohort of 8097 individuals who were booked into the County Detention Facility between 31 January 2014 and 31 January 2015. Their incarceration data were merged with data from the local health system to investigate the presence of severe mental illness and substance use disorder diagnoses. Re-arrest data were tracked for 4 years after the index arrest. RESULTS: Approximately 60% of the cohort was re-arrested within 4 years. People with substance use disorders, with or without severe mental illness, had higher re-arrest rates than those with severe mental illness alone or neither diagnosis. Drug-associated arrests did not explain this finding. CONCLUSIONS: Using detailed mental illness diagnosis data with a complete cohort of detained arrestees, we have shown the wide range of need among such individuals. By demonstrating that drug-associated crimes per se do not drive repeated arrest, we underscore a need to examine other factors that promote the cycle of repeated arrest in this population. Each individual requires treatment tailored to their personal psychiatric and criminogenic needs.}, Doi = {10.1002/cbm.2277}, Key = {fds369378} } @article{fds370888, Author = {Nir-Cohen, G and Egner, T and Kessler, Y}, Title = {The Neural Correlates of Updating and Gating in Procedural Working Memory.}, Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Volume = {35}, Number = {6}, Pages = {919-940}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01988}, Abstract = {Goal-directed behavior relies on maintaining relevant goals in working memory (WM) and updating them when required. Computational modeling, behavioral, and neuroimaging work has previously identified the processes and brain regions involved in selecting, updating, and maintaining declarative information, such as letters and pictures. However, the neural substrates that underlie the analogous processes that operate on procedural information, namely, task goals, are currently unknown. Forty-three participants were therefore scanned with fMRI while performing a procedural version of the reference-back paradigm that allowed for the decomposition of WM updating processes into gate-opening, gate-closing, task switching, and task cue conflict components. Significant behavioral costs were observed for each of these components, with interactions indicating facilitation between gate-opening and task switching, and a modulation of cue conflict by gate state. In neural terms, opening the gate to procedural WM was associated with activity in medial pFC, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), the basal ganglia (BG), thalamus, and midbrain, but only when the task set needed to be updated. Closing the gate to procedural WM was associated with frontoparietal and BG activity specifically in conditions where conflicting task cues had to be ignored. Task switching was associated with activity in the medial pFC/ACC, PPC, and BG, whereas cue conflict was associated with PPC and BG activity during gate closing but was abolished when the gate was already closed. These results are discussed in relation to declarative WM and to gating models of WM.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01988}, Key = {fds370888} } @article{fds371448, Author = {De Brigard and F}, Title = {"Repressed Memory" Makes No Sense.}, Journal = {Topics in Cognitive Science}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12677}, Abstract = {The expression "repressed memory" was introduced over 100 years ago as a theoretical term purportedly referring to an unobservable psychological entity postulated by Freud's seduction theory. That theory, however, and its hypothesized cognitive architecture, have been thoroughly debunked-yet the term "repressed memory" seems to remain. In this paper, I offer a philosophical evaluation of the meaning of this theoretical term as well as an argument to question its scientific status by comparing it to other cases of theoretical terms that have either survived scientific change-such as "atom" or "gene"-or that have perished, such as "black bile." Ultimately, I argue that "repressed memory" is more like "black bile" than "atom" or "gene" and, thus, recommend its demotion from our scientific vocabulary.}, Doi = {10.1111/tops.12677}, Key = {fds371448} } @article{fds363071, Author = {Levy, A and Nguyen, C and Slepian, ML and Gaither, S and Pauker, K and Dovidio, JF}, Title = {Categorizing a Face and Facing a Category: The Constructive Impacts of Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Racial Categorization.}, Journal = {Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin}, Volume = {49}, Number = {6}, Pages = {910-924}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672221084537}, Abstract = {The past generation has seen a dramatic rise in multiracial populations and a consequent increase in exposure to individuals who challenge monolithic racial categories. We examine and compare two potential outcomes of the multiracial population growth that may impact people's racial categorization experience: (a) exposure to racially ambiguous faces that visually challenge the existing categories, and (b) a category that conceptually challenges existing categories (including "biracial" as an option in addition to the monolithic "Black" and "White" categories). Across four studies (<i>N</i> = 1,810), we found that multiple exposures to faces that are racially ambiguous directly lower essentialist views of race. Moreover, we found that when people consider a category that blurs the line between racial categories (i.e., "biracial"), they become less certain in their racial categorization, which is associated with less race essentialism, as well. Importantly, we found that these two effects happen independently from one another and represent two distinct cognitive processes.}, Doi = {10.1177/01461672221084537}, Key = {fds363071} } @article{fds367838, Author = {Kalkstein, DA and Hook, CJ and Hard, BM and Walton, GM}, Title = {Social norms govern what behaviors come to mind-And what do not.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {124}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1203-1229}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000412}, Abstract = {It is well known that norms influence behavior. Beyond simply shaping what people do, we argue that norms constrain what behaviors even come to mind as options, effectively excluding counternormative behaviors from consideration. We test this hypothesis across five primary and multiple supplementary studies using diverse methods (<i>N</i><sub>total</sub> = 5,488). In Study 1, people reported that behaviors that were counternormative in a situation, even behaviors that could satisfy a motivational drive, were far less likely to come to mind and less desirable than behaviors that were norm-consistent. Going beyond self-report measures, Studies 2a-2c found that people even misrepresented norm-violating behaviors as "impossible," suggesting they are not considered. Using a change-blindness paradigm, Study 3 found that people were less likely to track changes in goal-relevant objects that would be counternormative (vs. normative) to engage with. Studies 4 and 5 explored implications for problems of temptation and self-control. Study 4 found that members of a clinical population striving to eat healthier reported that the very same unhealthy but tasty food items would be less tempting and would trigger less self-control conflict if they encountered the food in a context where its consumption would be counternormative (vs. normative). Study 5, a field study, shows that introducing a norm prohibiting laptop use in class reduced students' temptation to multitask (as well as actual multitasking) over the term, whereas encouraging individual self-control did not. Discussion addresses how norms can be harnessed to lighten the burdens of temptations and help people achieve their goals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pspi0000412}, Key = {fds367838} } @article{fds370243, Author = {Flanagan, T and Wong, G and Kushnir, T}, Title = {The minds of machines: Children's beliefs about the experiences, thoughts, and morals of familiar interactive technologies.}, Journal = {Developmental Psychology}, Volume = {59}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1017-1031}, Year = {2023}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001524}, Abstract = {Children are developing alongside interactive technologies that can move, talk, and act like agents, but it is unclear if children's beliefs about the agency of these household technologies are similar to their beliefs about advanced, humanoid robots used in lab research. This study investigated 4-11-year-old children's (<i>N</i> = 127, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 7.50, <i>SD</i><sub>age</sub> = 2.27, 53% females, 75% White; from the Northeastern United States) beliefs about the mental, physical, emotional, and moral features of two familiar technologies (Amazon Alexa and Roomba) in comparison to their beliefs about a humanoid robot (Nao). Children's beliefs about the agency of these technologies were organized into three distinct clusters-having experiences, having minds, and deserving moral treatment. Children endorsed some agent-like features for each technology type, but the extent to which they did so declined with age. Furthermore, children's judgment of the technologies' freedom to "act otherwise" in moral scenarios changed with age, suggesting a development shift in children's understanding of technologies' limitations. Importantly, there were systematic differences between Alexa, Roomba, and Nao, that correspond to the unique characteristics of each. Together these findings suggest that children's intuitive theories of agency are informed by an increasingly technological world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/dev0001524}, Key = {fds370243} } @misc{fds371519, Author = {Smith, PJ and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of depression}, Pages = {145-160}, Booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Physical Activity and Mental Health}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9780415782999}, Key = {fds371519} } @article{fds371261, Author = {Garcia De La Santa Ramos and A and Cabeza, R and Villanueva, A}, Title = {Calibration free eye tracking solution for mobile and embedded devices}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9798400701504}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589539}, Abstract = {In this study we propose a competent low-cost eye tracking solution that is able to run on any mobile device, independently of the hardware that is equipped with. The rapid evolution of technologies has enabled to work with many neural network structures that some years ago were out of reach. The project will start from a solution which Irisbond (https://www.irisbond.com/) company has been working on, which gives precision values of 3 and 6 degrees for calibration and calibration-free use cases respectively. The goal of the solution is to try to develop a usable solution in the Augmented and Alternative Communication (AAC) field across different types of devices, from mobile to embedded devices. To achieve such an objective, two main goals have been set out during this study. One the one hand I (we) aim at removing the initial calibration step to reach a calibration-free solution. On the other hand, I (we) seek to separate the functionality of a software into independent, interchangeable modules to fit the different target device limitations.}, Doi = {10.1145/3588015.3589539}, Key = {fds371261} } @article{fds371017, Author = {Stonerock, GL and Gupta, RP and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Is exercise a viable therapy for anxiety? Systematic review of recent literature and critical analysis.}, Journal = {Prog Cardiovasc Dis}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2023.05.006}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Exercise has been promoted as a treatment for a variety of psychiatric conditions. The benefits of exercise for depression are widely recognized, but the benefits of exercise for anxiety are uncertain. Although several reviews promoted exercise as a treatment for anxiety, concerns about the quality of studies prompted us to provide a critical review of the recent literature to re-assess the value of exercise for treating anxiety. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a systematic review of all peer-reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) among adults, published between January 2014 and December 2021, with an exercise intervention and anxiety as the a priori primary outcome. Two reviewers independently extracted data from studies meeting inclusion criteria, including sample characteristics, exercise intervention, control conditions, primary anxiety measure, relevant findings, and methodological quality quantified by PEDro scores. RESULTS: 7240 published studies from CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were screened in April 2022, with 1831 participants across 25 eligible RCTs, of which 13 included elevated anxiety at study entry as an eligibility criterion. Only two of these 13 studies, and five of 12 studies of non-anxious individuals, found anxiety to be reduced unequivocally with exercise. Most studies suffered from significant methodological limitations including concurrent therapies and lack of intention-to-treat analyses. CONCLUSION: There remains considerable uncertainty about the value of exercise in reducing symptoms of anxiety, particularly among anxious individuals. The paucity of methodologically sound studies of patients with anxiety represents a significant gap in our knowledge and calls for more research in the area. Word count: 249.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2023.05.006}, Key = {fds371017} } @article{fds371125, Author = {Hohenschurz-Schmidt, D and Vase, L and Scott, W and Annoni, M and Ajayi, OK and Barth, J and Bennell, K and Berna, C and Bialosky, J and Braithwaite, F and Finnerup, NB and Williams, ACDC and Carlino, E and Cerritelli, F and Chaibi, A and Cherkin, D and Colloca, L and Côté, P and Darnall, BD and Evans, R and Fabre, L and Faria, V and French, S and Gerger, H and Häuser, W and Hinman, RS and Ho, D and Janssens, T and Jensen, K and Johnston, C and Juhl Lunde and S and Keefe, F and Kerns, RD and Koechlin, H and Kongsted, A and Michener, LA and Moerman, DE and Musial, F and Newell, D and Nicholas, M and Palermo, TM and Palermo, S and Peerdeman, KJ and Pogatzki-Zahn, EM and Puhl, AA and Roberts, L and Rossettini, G and Tomczak Matthiesen and S and Underwood, M and Vaucher, P and Vollert, J and Wartolowska, K and Weimer, K and Werner, CP and Rice, ASC and Draper-Rodi, J}, Title = {Recommendations for the development, implementation, and reporting of control interventions in efficacy and mechanistic trials of physical, psychological, and self-management therapies: the CoPPS Statement.}, Journal = {Bmj}, Volume = {381}, Pages = {e072108}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072108}, Doi = {10.1136/bmj-2022-072108}, Key = {fds371125} } @article{fds371126, Author = {Bronfort, G and Delitto, A and Schneider, M and Heagerty, PJ and Chou, R and Connett, J and Evans, R and George, S and Glick, RM and Greco, C and Hanson, L and Keefe, F and Leininger, B and Licciardone, J and McFarland, C and Meier, E and Schulz, C and Turk, D}, Title = {Effectiveness of spinal manipulation and biopsychosocial self-management compared to medical care for low back pain: a randomized trial study protocol.}, Journal = {Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {415}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06549-w}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is widespread, costly, and burdensome to patients and health systems. Little is known about non-pharmacological treatments for the secondary prevention of cLBP. There is some evidence that treatments addressing psychosocial factors in higher risk patients are more effective than usual care. However, most clinical trials on acute and subacute LBP have evaluated interventions irrespective of prognosis. METHODS: We have designed a phase 3 randomized trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design. The study is also a Hybrid type 1 trial with focus on intervention effectiveness while simultaneously considering plausible implementation strategies. Adults (n = 1000) with acute/subacute LBP at moderate to high risk of chronicity based on the STarT Back screening tool will be randomized in to 1 of 4 interventions lasting up to 8 weeks: supported self-management (SSM), spinal manipulation therapy (SMT), both SSM and SMT, or medical care. The primary objective is to assess intervention effectiveness; the secondary objective is to assess barriers and facilitators impacting future implementation. Primary effectiveness outcome measures are: (1) average pain intensity over 12 months post-randomization (pain, numerical rating scale); (2) average low back disability over 12 months post-randomization (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire); (3) prevention of cLBP that is impactful at 10-12 months follow-up (LBP impact from the PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0). Secondary outcomes include: recovery, PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0 measures to assess pain interference, physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. Other patient-reported measures include LBP frequency, medication use, healthcare utilization, productivity loss, STarT Back screening tool status, patient satisfaction, prevention of chronicity, adverse events, and dissemination measures. Objective measures include the Quebec Task Force Classification, Timed Up & Go Test, the Sit to Stand Test, and the Sock Test assessed by clinicians blinded to the patients' intervention assignment. DISCUSSION: By targeting those subjects at higher risk this trial aims to fill an important gap in the scientific literature regarding the effectiveness of promising non-pharmacological treatments compared to medical care for the management of patients with an acute episode of LBP and the prevention of progression to a severe chronic back problem. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03581123.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12891-023-06549-w}, Key = {fds371126} } @article{fds371018, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Smith, PJ and Mabe, S and Hinderliter, A and Craighead, L and Watkins, LL and Ingle, K and Tyson, CC and Lin, P-H and Kraus, WE and Liao, L and Sherwood, A}, Title = {Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Psychosocial Function in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: SECONDARY OUTCOMES FROM THE TRIUMPH RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.}, Journal = {J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000801}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: In a secondary analysis of the TRIUMPH clinical trial, psychological outcomes in patients with resistant hypertension (RH) receiving a diet and exercise intervention delivered in a cardiac rehabilitation setting were compared with those receiving a similar prescription of diet and exercise provided in a single counseling session by a health educator. METHODS: One hundred forty patients with RH were randomly assigned to a 4-mo program of dietary counseling, behavioral weight management, and exercise (C-LIFE) or a single counseling session providing standardized education and physician advice (SEPA). Participants completed a battery of questionnaires to assess psychological functioning before and after the intervention. A global measure of psychological functioning was derived from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger scale. RESULTS: Participants in the C-LIFE intervention achieved greater improvements in psychological functioning compared with SEPA (C-LIFE: 58.9 [56.1, 61.8] vs SEPA: 66.5 [62.1, 70.9]; P = .024). Greater improvements were especially evident for the GHQ, PSS, and HADS. Examination of mediation revealed that greater weight loss (B =-0.17, P = .004) and improved oxygen uptake (B =-0.12, P = .044) were associated with improved psychological functioning. CONCLUSION: Compared with standard education and physician advice, a structured program of diet and exercise not only reduced blood pressure but also improved psychological functioning in patients with RH.}, Doi = {10.1097/HCR.0000000000000801}, Key = {fds371018} } @article{fds369950, Author = {Lovich, SN and King, CD and Murphy, DLK and Abbasi, H and Bruns, P and Shera, CA and Groh, J}, Title = {Conserved features of eye movement related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) across humans and monkeys.}, Journal = {bioRxiv}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.08.531768}, Abstract = {Auditory and visual information involve different coordinate systems, with auditory spatial cues anchored to the head and visual spatial cues anchored to the eyes. Information about eye movements is therefore critical for reconciling visual and auditory spatial signals. The recent discovery of eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) suggests that this process could begin as early as the auditory periphery. How this reconciliation might happen remains poorly understood. Because humans and monkeys both have mobile eyes and therefore both must perform this shift of reference frames, comparison of the EMREO across species can provide insights to shared and therefore important parameters of the signal. Here we show that rhesus monkeys, like humans, have a consistent, significant EMREO signal that carries parametric information about eye displacement as well as onset times of eye movements. The dependence of the EMREO on the horizontal displacement of the eye is its most consistent feature, and is shared across behavioral tasks, subjects, and species. Differences chiefly involve the waveform frequency (higher in monkeys than in humans) and patterns of individual variation (more prominent in monkeys than humans), and the waveform of the EMREO when factors due to horizontal and vertical eye displacements were controlled for.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.03.08.531768}, Key = {fds369950} } @article{fds370752, Author = {Azizi, Y and Hession, J and Newpher, T}, Title = {Comparing Student Performance in Emergency Remote and Face-to-Face Collaborative Learning Courses}, Journal = {Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education}, Volume = {22}, Number = {2}, Pages = {A117-A125}, Publisher = {Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds370752} } @article{fds369355, Author = {Goldston, DB and Walrath, C}, Title = {The Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act: A Description and Review of the Suicide Prevention Initiative.}, Journal = {Annu Rev Clin Psychol}, Volume = {19}, Pages = {261-275}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082634}, Abstract = {The Garrett Lee Smith (GLS) Memorial Act, continuously funded since 2004, has supported comprehensive, community-based youth suicide prevention efforts throughout the United States. Compared to matched communities, communities implementing GLS suicide prevention activities have lower population rates of suicide attempts and lower mortality among young people. Positive outcomes have been more pronounced with continuous years of implementation and in less densely populated communities. Cost analyses indicate that implementation of GLS suicide prevention activities more than pays for itself in reduced health care costs associated with fewer emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Although findings are encouraging, the heterogeneity of community suicide prevention programs and the lack of randomized trials preclude definitive determination of causal effects associated with GLS. The GLS initiative has never been brought fully to scale (e.g., simultaneously impacting all communities in the United States), so beneficial effects on nationwide suicide rates have not been realized.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082634}, Key = {fds369355} } @article{fds370915, Author = {Lisanby, SH}, Title = {Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Psychiatry: Historical Reflections and Future Directions.}, Journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.001}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.001}, Key = {fds370915} } @article{fds370963, Author = {Barth, KJ and Sun, J and Chiang, C-H and Qiao, S and Wang, C and Rahimpour, S and Trumpis, M and Duraivel, S and Dubey, A and Wingel, KE and Voinas, AE and Ferrentino, B and Doyle, W and Southwell, DG and Haglund, MM and Vestal, M and Harward, SC and Solzbacher, F and Devore, S and Devinsky, O and Friedman, D and Pesaran, B and Sinha, SR and Cogan, GB and Blanco, J and Viventi, J}, Title = {Flexible, high-resolution cortical arrays with large coverage capture microscale high-frequency oscillations in patients with epilepsy.}, Journal = {Epilepsia}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.17642}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Effective surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy depends on accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are potential biomarkers of the EZ. Previous research has shown that HFOs often occur within submillimeter areas of brain tissue and that the coarse spatial sampling of clinical intracranial electrode arrays may limit the accurate capture of HFO activity. In this study, we sought to characterize microscale HFO activity captured on thin, flexible microelectrocorticographic (μECoG) arrays, which provide high spatial resolution over large cortical surface areas. METHODS: We used novel liquid crystal polymer thin-film μECoG arrays (.76-1.72-mm intercontact spacing) to capture HFOs in eight intraoperative recordings from seven patients with epilepsy. We identified ripple (80-250 Hz) and fast ripple (250-600 Hz) HFOs using a common energy thresholding detection algorithm along with two stages of artifact rejection. We visualized microscale subregions of HFO activity using spatial maps of HFO rate, signal-to-noise ratio, and mean peak frequency. We quantified the spatial extent of HFO events by measuring covariance between detected HFOs and surrounding activity. We also compared HFO detection rates on microcontacts to simulated macrocontacts by spatially averaging data. RESULTS: We found visually delineable subregions of elevated HFO activity within each μECoG recording. Forty-seven percent of HFOs occurred on single 200-μm-diameter recording contacts, with minimal high-frequency activity on surrounding contacts. Other HFO events occurred across multiple contacts simultaneously, with covarying activity most often limited to a .95-mm radius. Through spatial averaging, we estimated that macrocontacts with 2-3-mm diameter would only capture 44% of the HFOs detected in our μECoG recordings. SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate that thin-film microcontact surface arrays with both highresolution and large coverage accurately capture microscale HFO activity and may improve the utility of HFOs to localize the EZ for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.}, Doi = {10.1111/epi.17642}, Key = {fds370963} } @article{fds371745, Author = {Krishnappa Babu and PR and Aikat, V and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Espinosa, S and Aiello, R and L H Carpenter and K and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Blink rate and facial orientation reveal distinctive patterns of attentional engagement in autistic toddlers: a digital phenotyping approach.}, Journal = {Scientific Reports}, Volume = {13}, Number = {1}, Pages = {7158}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34293-7}, Abstract = {Differences in social attention are well-documented in autistic individuals, representing one of the earliest signs of autism. Spontaneous blink rate has been used to index attentional engagement, with lower blink rates reflecting increased engagement. We evaluated novel methods using computer vision analysis (CVA) for automatically quantifying patterns of attentional engagement in young autistic children, based on facial orientation and blink rate, which were captured via mobile devices. Participants were 474 children (17-36 months old), 43 of whom were diagnosed with autism. Movies containing social or nonsocial content were presented via an iPad app, and simultaneously, the device's camera recorded the children's behavior while they watched the movies. CVA was used to extract the duration of time the child oriented towards the screen and their blink rate as indices of attentional engagement. Overall, autistic children spent less time facing the screen and had a higher mean blink rate compared to neurotypical children. Neurotypical children faced the screen more often and blinked at a lower rate during the social movies compared to the nonsocial movies. In contrast, autistic children faced the screen less often during social movies than during nonsocial movies and showed no differential blink rate to social versus nonsocial movies.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-34293-7}, Key = {fds371745} } @article{fds370636, Author = {Krishnappa Babu and PR and Aikat, V and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Espinosa, S and Aiello, R and L H Carpenter and K and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Blink rate and facial orientation reveal distinctive patterns of attentional engagement in autistic toddlers: a digital phenotyping approach.}, Journal = {Scientific Reports}, Volume = {13}, Number = {1}, Pages = {7158}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34293-7}, Abstract = {Differences in social attention are well-documented in autistic individuals, representing one of the earliest signs of autism. Spontaneous blink rate has been used to index attentional engagement, with lower blink rates reflecting increased engagement. We evaluated novel methods using computer vision analysis (CVA) for automatically quantifying patterns of attentional engagement in young autistic children, based on facial orientation and blink rate, which were captured via mobile devices. Participants were 474 children (17-36 months old), 43 of whom were diagnosed with autism. Movies containing social or nonsocial content were presented via an iPad app, and simultaneously, the device's camera recorded the children's behavior while they watched the movies. CVA was used to extract the duration of time the child oriented towards the screen and their blink rate as indices of attentional engagement. Overall, autistic children spent less time facing the screen and had a higher mean blink rate compared to neurotypical children. Neurotypical children faced the screen more often and blinked at a lower rate during the social movies compared to the nonsocial movies. In contrast, autistic children faced the screen less often during social movies than during nonsocial movies and showed no differential blink rate to social versus nonsocial movies.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-34293-7}, Key = {fds370636} } @article{fds370313, Author = {Rubin, DC and Bell, CF}, Title = {Tonic immobility (freezing) during sexual and physical assaults produces stronger memory effects than other characteristics of the assaults.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {31}, Number = {5}, Pages = {678-688}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2188642}, Abstract = {Tonic immobility (TI) is a phylogenetically conserved, passive, obligatory defense mechanism commonly engaged during sexual and physical assaults. During TI, people become immobile while remaining conscious and later reexperience intrusive memories of both their assault and of its accompanying immobility. Here we show that this well-studied biological process has powerful effects on memory and other processes. Participants had experienced either a serious sexual (<i>n</i> = 234) or physical (<i>n</i> = 137) assault. For both the assault and its accompanying immobility, the standard measure of the peritraumatic severity of TI correlated between .40 and .65 with post-assault effects on memory, including memory of the assault and memory of the immobility, the two memory-based self-concept measures of self-blame and event centrality, and post-assault anxiety and depression. The correlations with TI were much higher than other peritraumatic characteristics commonly used to predict and describe posttraumatic effects in assaults and other traumas. The results suggest that TI should be considered for a broader, more biologically based and ecologically valid understanding of the effects of trauma on memory and memory-based reactions.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2188642}, Key = {fds370313} } @article{fds370723, Author = {Hawkey, AB and Unal, D and Holloway, ZR and Levin, ED}, Title = {Developmental exposure of zebrafish to neonicotinoid pesticides: Long-term effects on neurobehavioral function.}, Journal = {Neurotoxicology}, Volume = {96}, Pages = {240-253}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.003}, Abstract = {Neonicotinoid compounds are commonly used insecticides which have become increasingly used as replacements of older generations of insecticides, such as organophosphates. Given the established neurotoxicity of cholinergic toxicants, developmental neurotoxicity studies are needed to identify in vertebrate species the potential toxicity of these insecticides which act on nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Previously, developmental exposure to a neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was shown to cause persisting neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish. The current study evaluated neurobehavioral effects of embryonic exposure to two other neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin (1-100 µM) and dinotefuran (1-100 µM) in zebrafish (5-120 h post-fertilization), concentrations below the threshold for increased lethality and overt dysmorphogenesis. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted at larval (6 days), adolescent (10 weeks) and adult (8 months) ages. Both compounds caused short-term behavioral effects on larval motility, although these effects were distinct from one another. At a lower concentration (1 µM) clothianidin increased dark-induced locomotor stimulation the second time the lights turned off, while a higher concentration (100 µM) reduced activity in the dark at its second presentation. By contrast, dinotefuran (10-100 µM) caused a general decrease in locomotion. Specific longer-term neurobehavioral toxicity after early developmental exposure was also seen. clothianidin (100 µM) reduced locomotor activity in the novel tank in adolescence and adulthood, as well as reduced baseline activity in the tap startle test (1-100 µM) and reduced activity early (1-10 µM) or throughout the predator avoidance test session (100 µM). In addition to locomotor effects, clothianidin altered the diving response in a dose-, age- and time-block-dependent manner (1 µM, 100 µM), causing fish to remain further away from a fast predator cue (100 µM) relative to controls. Dinotefuran produced comparatively fewer effects, increasing the diving response in adulthood (10 µM), but not adolescence, and suppressing initial locomotor activity in the predator avoidance test (1-10 µM). These data indicate that neonicotinoid insecticides may carry some of the same risks for vertebrates posed by other classes of insecticides, and that these adverse behavioral consequences of early developmental exposure are evident well into adulthood.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.003}, Key = {fds370723} } @article{fds370956, Author = {Faul, L and Rothrock, JM and LaBar, KS}, Title = {Self-Relevance Moderates the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Corrugator Activity during the Imagination of Personal Episodic Events.}, Journal = {Brain Sciences}, Volume = {13}, Number = {6}, Pages = {843}, Publisher = {MDPI AG}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060843}, Abstract = {Accumulating evidence suggests depression is associated with blunted reactivity to positive and negative stimuli, known as emotion context insensitivity (ECI). However, ECI is not consistently observed in the literature, suggesting moderators that influence its presence. We propose self-relevance as one such moderator, with ECI most apparent when self-relevance is low. We examined this proposal by measuring self-report and facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator muscle while participants (n = 81) imagined hypothetical scenarios with varying self-relevance and recalled autobiographical memories. Increased depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were associated with less differentiated arousal and self-relevance ratings between happy, neutral, and sad scenarios. EMG analyses further revealed that individuals with high depressive symptoms exhibited blunted corrugator reactivity (reduced differentiation) for sad, neutral, and happy scenarios with low self-relevance, while corrugator reactivity remained sensitive to valence for highly self-relevant scenarios. By comparison, in individuals with low depressive symptoms, corrugator activity differentiated valence regardless of stimulus self-relevance. Supporting a role for self-relevance in shaping ECI, we observed no depression-related differences in emotional reactivity when participants recalled highly self-relevant happy or sad autobiographical memories. Our findings suggest ECI is primarily associated with blunted reactivity towards material deemed low in self-relevance.}, Doi = {10.3390/brainsci13060843}, Key = {fds370956} } @article{fds363824, Author = {Rothenberg, WA and Lansford, JE and Godwin, JW and Dodge, KA and Copeland, WE and Odgers, CL and McMahon, RJ and Goulter, N and Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group}, Title = {Intergenerational effects of the Fast Track intervention on the home environment: A randomized control trial.}, Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {64}, Number = {5}, Pages = {820-830}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13648}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Maladaptive family environments harm child development and are passed across generations. Childhood interventions may break this intergenerational cycle by improving the family environments children form as adults. The present study investigates this hypothesis by examining follow-up data collected 18 years after the end of the childhood Fast Track intervention designed to prevent externalizing problems. METHODS: We examined whether Fast Track assignment from grades 1 to 10 prevented the emergence of maladaptive family environments at age 34. A total of 400 (n = 206 in intervention condition, n = 194 controls) Fast Track participants who were parents at age 34 were surveyed about 11 aspects of their current family environment. The hypotheses and analytic plan were preregistered at https://osf.io/dz9t5 and the Fast Track trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01653535). RESULTS: Multiple group linear regression models revealed that mothers who participated in the Fast Track intervention as children had lower depression symptoms, alcohol problems, drug problems, corporal punishment use, and food insecurity compared to control group mothers. All effects were modest in magnitude. However, for these same mothers, the Fast Track intervention had no effect on cannabis problems, experiences of romantic partner violence, or maternal use of physical aggression or warmth with their children. Additionally, mothers in the Fast Track intervention group reported higher levels of family chaos than those in the control group, but this effect may be a byproduct of the higher number of children per household in the intervention group. No intervention effects were found for fathers who participated in the Fast Track intervention as children. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood assignment to Fast Track has some beneficial effects for girls, but not boys, on the family environments these individuals formed as adults 18 years later.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13648}, Key = {fds363824} } @article{fds368801, Author = {Rothenberg, WA and Sorbring, E and Lansford, JE and Peña Alampay and L and Al-Hassan, SM and Bacchini, D and Bornstein, MH and Chang, L and Deater-Deckard, K and Giunta, LD and Dodge, KA and Gurdal, S and Liu, Q and Long, Q and Oburu, P and Pastorelli, C and Skinner, AT and Tapanya, S and Steinberg, L and Maria Uribe Tirado and L and Yotanyamaneewong, S}, Title = {Predicting child aggression: The role of parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression across 13 cultural groups in 9 nations.}, Journal = {Aggressive Behavior}, Volume = {49}, Number = {3}, Pages = {183-197}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.22067}, Abstract = {Parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression both predict the emergence of child aggression, but they are rarely studied together and in longitudinal contexts. The present study does so by examining the unique predictive effects of parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 on child aggression at age 9 in 1456 children from 13 cultural groups in 9 nations. Multiple group structural equation models explored whether age 8 child and parent endorsement of reactive aggression predicted subsequent age 9 child endorsement of reactive aggression and child aggression, after accounting for prior child aggression and parent education. Results revealed that greater parent endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 predicted greater child endorsement of aggression at age 9, that greater parent endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 uniquely predicted greater aggression at age 9 in girls, and that greater child endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 uniquely predicted greater aggression at age 9 in boys. All three of these associations emerged across cultures. Implications of, and explanations for, study findings are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1002/ab.22067}, Key = {fds368801} } @article{fds371282, Author = {Nwachukwu, KN and Mohammed, HE and Mebane, DR and Barber, AW and Swartzwelder, HS and Marshall, SA}, Title = {Acute and Chronic Ethanol Effects during Adolescence on Neuroimmune Responses: Consequences and Potential Pharmacologic Interventions.}, Journal = {Cells}, Volume = {12}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1423}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12101423}, Abstract = {Heavy ethanol consumption during adolescence has been linked to neuroimmune response dysregulation and cognitive deficits in the developing adolescent brain. During adolescence, the brain is particularly susceptible to the pharmacological effects of ethanol that are induced by acute and chronic bouts of exposure. Numerous preclinical rodent model studies have used different ethanol administration techniques, such as intragastric gavage, self-administration, vapor, intraperitoneal, and free access, and while most models indicated proinflammatory neuroimmune responses in the adolescent brain, there are various factors that appear to influence this observation. This review synthesizes the most recent findings of the effects of adolescent alcohol use on toll-like receptors, cytokines, and chemokines, as well as the activation of astrocytes and microglia with an emphasis on differences associated with the duration of ethanol exposure (acute vs. chronic), the amount of exposure (e.g., dose or blood ethanol concentrations), sex differences, and the timing of the neuroimmune observation (immediate vs. persistent). Finally, this review discusses new therapeutics and interventions that may ameliorate the dysregulation of neuroimmune maladaptations after ethanol exposure.}, Doi = {10.3390/cells12101423}, Key = {fds371282} } @article{fds370239, Author = {Ong, CW and Woods, DW and Franklin, ME and Saunders, SM and Neal-Barnett, AM and Compton, SN and Twohig, MP}, Title = {The role of psychological flexibility in acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania: Moderation and mediation findings.}, Journal = {Behav Res Ther}, Volume = {164}, Pages = {104302}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302}, Abstract = {Trichotillomania is characterized by recurrent pulling out of one's hair, leading to significant hair loss and accompanied by clinically significant distress and/or functional impairment. The current study used data from a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) to psychoeducation plus supportive therapy (PST; active control) for trichotillomania in an adult sample. The objectives were to examine the moderating and mediating influence of trichotillomania-specific psychological flexibility in treatment for trichotillomania. Participants with lower baseline flexibility performed better in AEBT than PST in terms of greater symptom reduction and quality of life. Lower baseline flexibility also predicted higher likelihood of disorder recovery in AEBT relative to PST. In addition, relative to PST, symptom reduction in AEBT was mediated by psychological flexibility, controlling for anxiety and depression. These findings suggest that psychological flexibility is a relevant process of change in the treatment of trichotillomania. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302}, Key = {fds370239} } @article{fds370527, Author = {Andonian, B and Ross, LM and Zidek, AM and Fos, LB and Piner, LW and Johnson, JL and Belski, KB and Counts, JD and Pieper, CF and Siegler, IC and Bales, CW and Porter Starr and KN and Kraus, WE and Huffman, KM}, Title = {Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Cardiovascular Risk: Rationale and Design of the Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training-Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial.}, Journal = {Acr Open Rheumatol}, Volume = {5}, Number = {5}, Pages = {252-263}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr2.11536}, Abstract = {Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. RA CVD results from a combination of traditional risk factors and RA-related systemic inflammation. One hypothetical means of improving overall RA CVD risk is through reduction of excess body weight and increased physical activity. Together, weight loss and physical activity can improve traditional cardiometabolic health through fat mass loss, while also improving skeletal muscle health. Additionally, disease-related CVD risk may improve as both fat mass loss and exercise reduce systemic inflammation. To explore this hypothesis, 26 older persons with RA and overweight/obesity will be randomized to 16 weeks of a usual care control arm or to a remotely Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training (SWET) program. A caloric restriction diet (targeting 7% weight loss) will occur via a dietitian-led intervention, with weekly weigh-ins and group support sessions. Exercise training will consist of both aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous exercise) and resistance training (twice weekly). The SWET remote program will be delivered via a combination of video conference, the study YouTube channel, and study mobile applications. The primary cardiometabolic outcome is the metabolic syndrome Z score, calculated from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. RA-specific CVD risk will be assessed with measures of systemic inflammation, disease activity, patient-reported outcomes, and immune cell function. The SWET-RA trial will be the first to assess whether a remotely supervised, combined lifestyle intervention improves cardiometabolic health in an at-risk population of older individuals with RA and overweight/obesity.}, Doi = {10.1002/acr2.11536}, Key = {fds370527} } @article{fds370390, Author = {Harper, JD and Desai, AC and Maalouf, NM and Yang, H and Antonelli, JA and Tasian, GE and Lai, HH and Reese, PP and Curatolo, M and Kirkali, Z and Al-Khalidi, HR and Wessells, H and Scales, CD}, Title = {Risk Factors for Increased Stent-associated Symptoms Following Ureteroscopy for Urinary Stones: Results From STENTS.}, Journal = {The Journal of Urology}, Volume = {209}, Number = {5}, Pages = {971-980}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003183}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: The STudy to Enhance uNderstanding of sTent-associated Symptoms sought to identify risk factors for pain and urinary symptoms, as well as how these symptoms interfere with daily activities after ureteroscopy for stone treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled patients aged ≥12 years undergoing ureteroscopy with ureteral stent for stone treatment at 4 clinical centers. Participants reported symptoms at baseline; on postoperative days 1, 3, 5; at stent removal; and day 30 post-stent removal. Outcomes of pain intensity, pain interference, urinary symptoms, and bother were captured with multiple instruments. Multivariable analyses using mixed-effects linear regression models were identified characteristics associated with increased stent-associated symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 424 participants were enrolled. Mean age was 49 years (SD 17); 47% were female. Participants experienced a marked increase in stent-associated symptoms on postoperative day 1. While pain intensity decreased ∼50% from postoperative day 1 to postoperative day 5, interference due to pain remained persistently elevated. In multivariable analysis, older age was associated with lower pain intensity (P = .004). Having chronic pain conditions (P < .001), prior severe stent pain (P = .021), and depressive symptoms at baseline (P < .001) were each associated with higher pain intensity. Neither sex, stone location, ureteral access sheath use, nor stent characteristics were drivers of stent-associated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter cohort, interference persisted even as pain intensity decreased. Patient factors (eg, age, depression) rather than surgical factors were associated with symptom intensity. These findings provide a foundation for patient-centered care and highlight potential targets for efforts to mitigate the burden of stent-associated symptoms.}, Doi = {10.1097/JU.0000000000003183}, Key = {fds370390} } @article{fds370931, Author = {Hoyle, RH and Lynam, DR and Miller, JD and Pek, J}, Title = {The Questionable Practice of Partialing to Refine Scores on and Inferences About Measures of Psychological Constructs.}, Journal = {Annual Review of Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {19}, Pages = {155-176}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071720-015436}, Abstract = {Partialing is a statistical approach researchers use with the goal of removing extraneous variance from a variable before examining its association with other variables. Controlling for confounds through analysis of covariance or multiple regression analysis and residualizing variables for use in subsequent analyses are common approaches to partialing in clinical research. Despite its intuitive appeal, partialing is fraught with undesirable consequences when predictors are correlated. After describing effects of partialing on variables, we review analytic approaches commonly used in clinical research to make inferences about the nature and effects of partialed variables. We then use two simulations to show how partialing can distort variables and their relations with other variables. Having concluded that, with rare exception, partialing is ill-advised, we offer recommendations for reducing or eliminating problematic uses of partialing. We conclude that the best alternative to partialing is to define and measure constructs so that it is not needed.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071720-015436}, Key = {fds370931} } @article{fds362161, Author = {Matthews, T and Qualter, P and Bryan, BT and Caspi, A and Danese, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Strange, L and Arseneault, L}, Title = {The developmental course of loneliness in adolescence: Implications for mental health, educational attainment, and psychosocial functioning.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {35}, Number = {2}, Pages = {537-546}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001632}, Abstract = {The present study examined patterns of stability and change in loneliness across adolescence. Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative cohort of 2,232 individuals born in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was assessed when participants were aged 12 and 18. Loneliness showed modest stability across these ages (<i>r</i> = .25). Behavioral genetic modeling indicated that stability in loneliness was explained largely by genetic influences (66%), while change was explained by nonshared environmental effects (58%). Individuals who reported loneliness at both ages were broadly similar to individuals who only reported it at age 18, with both groups at elevated risk of mental health problems, physical health risk behaviors, and education and employment difficulties. Individuals who were lonely only at age 12 generally fared better; however, they were still more likely to finish school with lower qualifications. Positive family influences in childhood predicted reduced risk of loneliness at age 12, while negative peer experiences increased the risk. Together, the findings show that while early adolescent loneliness does not appear to exert a cumulative burden when it persists, it is nonetheless a risk for a range of concomitant impairments, some of which can endure.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579421001632}, Key = {fds362161} } @article{fds370046, Author = {Poulton, R and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Fear and anxiety: Lessons learned from the Dunedin longitudinal study.}, Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews}, Volume = {148}, Pages = {105118}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105118}, Abstract = {Four related lines of research on anxiety were reviewed from the 'Dunedin Study', an investigation of a representative longitudinal birth cohort of 50-years duration, with 94% retention at the last follow-up. Findings include: (i) Childhood fears deemed evolutionarily-relevant may have different pathways and/or mechanisms underlying their emergence when compared to evolutionarilyneutral fears. (ii) Sequential comorbidity both inside and external to the family of disorders is the rule not the exception, highlighting the importance of developmental history. (iii) The developmental relationship between GAD and MDE is more symmetric that previously assumed, with equal numbers of persons having GAD preceding MDE and MDE preceding GAD. (iv) PTSD in adulthood is influenced by a broad range of childhood risk factors, sequential comorbidity is near universal, and both high-stress life events and mental-disorder history influence the development of PTSD. The implications for epidemiology, nosology, the importance of developmental history, and prevention/treatment options are considered.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105118}, Key = {fds370046} } @article{fds370882, Author = {Doherty, T and Dempster, E and Hannon, E and Mill, J and Poulton, R and Corcoran, D and Sugden, K and Williams, B and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Delany, SJ and Murphy, TM}, Title = {A comparison of feature selection methodologies and learning algorithms in the development of a DNA methylation-based telomere length estimator.}, Journal = {Bmc Bioinformatics}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {178}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05282-4}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The field of epigenomics holds great promise in understanding and treating disease with advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence being vitally important in this pursuit. Increasingly, research now utilises DNA methylation measures at cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG) to detect disease and estimate biological traits such as aging. Given the challenge of high dimensionality of DNA methylation data, feature-selection techniques are commonly employed to reduce dimensionality and identify the most important subset of features. In this study, our aim was to test and compare a range of feature-selection methods and ML algorithms in the development of a novel DNA methylation-based telomere length (TL) estimator. We utilised both nested cross-validation and two independent test sets for the comparisons.<h4>Results</h4>We found that principal component analysis in advance of elastic net regression led to the overall best performing estimator when evaluated using a nested cross-validation analysis and two independent test cohorts. This approach achieved a correlation between estimated and actual TL of 0.295 (83.4% CI [0.201, 0.384]) on the EXTEND test data set. Contrastingly, the baseline model of elastic net regression with no prior feature reduction stage performed less well in general-suggesting a prior feature-selection stage may have important utility. A previously developed TL estimator, DNAmTL, achieved a correlation of 0.216 (83.4% CI [0.118, 0.310]) on the EXTEND data. Additionally, we observed that different DNA methylation-based TL estimators, which have few common CpGs, are associated with many of the same biological entities.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The variance in performance across tested approaches shows that estimators are sensitive to data set heterogeneity and the development of an optimal DNA methylation-based estimator should benefit from the robust methodological approach used in this study. Moreover, our methodology which utilises a range of feature-selection approaches and ML algorithms could be applied to other biological markers and disease phenotypes, to examine their relationship with DNA methylation and predictive value.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12859-023-05282-4}, Key = {fds370882} } @article{fds362162, Author = {Matthews, T and Qualter, P and Bryan, BT and Caspi, A and Danese, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Strange, L and Arseneault, L}, Title = {The developmental course of loneliness in adolescence: Implications for mental health, educational attainment, and psychosocial functioning.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {35}, Number = {2}, Pages = {537-546}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001632}, Abstract = {The present study examined patterns of stability and change in loneliness across adolescence. Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative cohort of 2,232 individuals born in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was assessed when participants were aged 12 and 18. Loneliness showed modest stability across these ages (<i>r</i> = .25). Behavioral genetic modeling indicated that stability in loneliness was explained largely by genetic influences (66%), while change was explained by nonshared environmental effects (58%). Individuals who reported loneliness at both ages were broadly similar to individuals who only reported it at age 18, with both groups at elevated risk of mental health problems, physical health risk behaviors, and education and employment difficulties. Individuals who were lonely only at age 12 generally fared better; however, they were still more likely to finish school with lower qualifications. Positive family influences in childhood predicted reduced risk of loneliness at age 12, while negative peer experiences increased the risk. Together, the findings show that while early adolescent loneliness does not appear to exert a cumulative burden when it persists, it is nonetheless a risk for a range of concomitant impairments, some of which can endure.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579421001632}, Key = {fds362162} } @article{fds370048, Author = {Poulton, R and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Fear and anxiety: Lessons learned from the Dunedin longitudinal study.}, Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews}, Volume = {148}, Pages = {105118}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105118}, Abstract = {Four related lines of research on anxiety were reviewed from the 'Dunedin Study', an investigation of a representative longitudinal birth cohort of 50-years duration, with 94% retention at the last follow-up. Findings include: (i) Childhood fears deemed evolutionarily-relevant may have different pathways and/or mechanisms underlying their emergence when compared to evolutionarilyneutral fears. (ii) Sequential comorbidity both inside and external to the family of disorders is the rule not the exception, highlighting the importance of developmental history. (iii) The developmental relationship between GAD and MDE is more symmetric that previously assumed, with equal numbers of persons having GAD preceding MDE and MDE preceding GAD. (iv) PTSD in adulthood is influenced by a broad range of childhood risk factors, sequential comorbidity is near universal, and both high-stress life events and mental-disorder history influence the development of PTSD. The implications for epidemiology, nosology, the importance of developmental history, and prevention/treatment options are considered.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105118}, Key = {fds370048} } @article{fds370884, Author = {Doherty, T and Dempster, E and Hannon, E and Mill, J and Poulton, R and Corcoran, D and Sugden, K and Williams, B and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Delany, SJ and Murphy, TM}, Title = {A comparison of feature selection methodologies and learning algorithms in the development of a DNA methylation-based telomere length estimator.}, Journal = {Bmc Bioinformatics}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {178}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-023-05282-4}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The field of epigenomics holds great promise in understanding and treating disease with advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence being vitally important in this pursuit. Increasingly, research now utilises DNA methylation measures at cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG) to detect disease and estimate biological traits such as aging. Given the challenge of high dimensionality of DNA methylation data, feature-selection techniques are commonly employed to reduce dimensionality and identify the most important subset of features. In this study, our aim was to test and compare a range of feature-selection methods and ML algorithms in the development of a novel DNA methylation-based telomere length (TL) estimator. We utilised both nested cross-validation and two independent test sets for the comparisons.<h4>Results</h4>We found that principal component analysis in advance of elastic net regression led to the overall best performing estimator when evaluated using a nested cross-validation analysis and two independent test cohorts. This approach achieved a correlation between estimated and actual TL of 0.295 (83.4% CI [0.201, 0.384]) on the EXTEND test data set. Contrastingly, the baseline model of elastic net regression with no prior feature reduction stage performed less well in general-suggesting a prior feature-selection stage may have important utility. A previously developed TL estimator, DNAmTL, achieved a correlation of 0.216 (83.4% CI [0.118, 0.310]) on the EXTEND data. Additionally, we observed that different DNA methylation-based TL estimators, which have few common CpGs, are associated with many of the same biological entities.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The variance in performance across tested approaches shows that estimators are sensitive to data set heterogeneity and the development of an optimal DNA methylation-based estimator should benefit from the robust methodological approach used in this study. Moreover, our methodology which utilises a range of feature-selection approaches and ML algorithms could be applied to other biological markers and disease phenotypes, to examine their relationship with DNA methylation and predictive value.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12859-023-05282-4}, Key = {fds370884} } @article{fds371571, Author = {McCutcheon, RA and Keefe, RSE and McGuire, PK}, Title = {Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.}, Journal = {Mol Psychiatry}, Volume = {28}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1902-1918}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-01949-9}, Abstract = {Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, account for much of the impaired functioning associated with the disorder and are not responsive to existing treatments. In this review, we first describe the clinical presentation and natural history of these deficits. We then consider aetiological factors, highlighting how a range of similar genetic and environmental factors are associated with both cognitive function and schizophrenia. We then review the pathophysiological mechanisms thought to underlie cognitive symptoms, including the role of dopamine, cholinergic signalling and the balance between GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic pyramidal cells. Finally, we review the clinical management of cognitive impairments and candidate novel treatments.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41380-023-01949-9}, Key = {fds371571} } @article{fds371570, Author = {McCutcheon, RA and Keefe, RSE and McGuire, PK}, Title = {Correction: Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.}, Journal = {Mol Psychiatry}, Volume = {28}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1919}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-01984-6}, Doi = {10.1038/s41380-023-01984-6}, Key = {fds371570} } @article{fds371747, Author = {Zhang, L and Lizano, P and Xu, Y and Rubin, LH and Lee, AM and Lencer, R and Reilly, JL and Keefe, RSE and Keedy, SK and Pearlson, GD and Clementz, BA and Keshavan, MS and Gershon, ES and Tamminga, CA and Sweeney, JA and Hill, SK and Bishop, JR}, Title = {Peripheral inflammation is associated with impairments of inhibitory behavioral control and visual sensorimotor function in psychotic disorders.}, Journal = {Schizophrenia Research}, Volume = {255}, Pages = {69-78}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.030}, Abstract = {Elevated markers of peripheral inflammation are common in psychosis spectrum disorders and have been associated with brain anatomy, pathology, and physiology as well as clinical outcomes. Preliminary evidence suggests a link between inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) with generalized cognitive impairments in a subgroup of individuals with psychosis. Whether these patients with elevated peripheral inflammation demonstrate deficits in specific cognitive domains remains unclear. To examine this, seventeen neuropsychological and sensorimotor tasks and thirteen peripheral inflammatory and microvascular markers were quantified in a subset of B-SNIP consortium participants (129 psychosis, 55 healthy controls). Principal component analysis was conducted across the inflammatory markers, resulting in five inflammation factors. Three discrete latent cognitive domains (Visual Sensorimotor, General Cognitive Ability, and Inhibitory Behavioral Control) were characterized based on the neurobehavioral battery and examined in association with inflammation factors. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified cognition-sensitive high/low inflammation subgroups. Among persons with psychotic disorders but not healthy controls, higher inflammation scores had significant associations with impairments of Inhibitory Control (R2 = 0.100, p-value = 2.69e-4, q-value = 0.004) and suggestive associations with Visual Sensorimotor function (R2 = 0.039, p-value = 0.024, q-value = 0.180), but not with General Cognitive Ability (R2 = 0.015, p-value = 0.162). Greater deficits in Inhibitory Control were observed in the high inflammation patient subgroup, which represented 30.2 % of persons with psychotic disorders, as compared to the low inflammation psychosis subgroup. These findings indicate that inflammation dysregulation may differentially impact specific neurobehavioral domains across psychotic disorders, particularly performance on tasks requiring ongoing behavioral monitoring and control.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.030}, Key = {fds371747} } @article{fds362120, Author = {Kauten, RL and Carter, SP and Stivers, M and Novak, LA and Baer, MM and LaCroix, JM and Grant, NE and Sickmann, B and Goldston, DB and Soumoff, A and Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M}, Title = {Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy for a Transgender Service Member With a Recent Suicidal Crisis: A Case Study of Gender-Affirming Care}, Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice}, Volume = {30}, Number = {2}, Pages = {273-286}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.10.007}, Abstract = {While elevated suicide risk in the American military and veteran population has led to the development of targeted interventions, the increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) Service members requires that interventions address suicide risk within the context of minority stressors and gender-affirming care. This case study presents Jordan (an alias), a transgender Service member who received inpatient psychiatric treatment following a suicide attempt precipitated by distress relating to gender dysphoria, minority status, and associated stressors. Jordan completed Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy (PACT; Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Cox, & Greene, 2012), a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting suicide risk among military personnel and dependents psychiatrically hospitalized following a suicidal crisis. Within the context of PACT, Jordan's treatment included identifying and addressing distress related to minority stressors (externalized stigma, internalized transphobia, anticipated rejection, gender concealment) using gender-affirming best practices. Marked changes in Jordan's self-report measures from baseline to follow-up, as well as qualitative changes reported by Jordan, demonstrate that she felt comfortable, safe, and ready to be discharged from the inpatient unit after completing PACT treatment and gaining exposure to the skills necessary to help prevent and/or manage future suicidal crises. Treatment implications and recommendations for addressing suicide risk within the context of gender-affirming care and prevalent minority stressors are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.10.007}, Key = {fds362120} } @article{fds369857, Author = {Knettel, BA and Knippler, E and Martinez, A and Sardana, S and Agor, D and Mwobobia, J and Ledbetter, L and Amiri, I and Relf, MV and Goldston, DB}, Title = {A scoping review of counseling interventions for suicide prevention in Africa: Few studies address this life-saving aspect of mental health treatment.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {328}, Pages = {183-190}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.038}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nearly 800,000 people die by suicide each year, with 77 % occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Suicide is underestimated in many African settings due to challenges in data collection, stigma, and policies that promote silence; nonetheless, rates of suicide in Africa are consistently higher than global averages. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of counseling interventions assessing suicide outcomes among adults in Africa using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, African Index Medicus, CABI Global Health, and Proquest databases. Study screening and data extraction was informed by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. RESULTS: Of 2438 abstracts reviewed, 33 studies met criteria for full-text review and 13 were included in the analysis. Interventions served several populations, including people living with HIV, out of school youth, university students, and women undergoing obstetric fistula repair. There was a near-equal split in individual versus group counseling modalities and the use of professional versus lay counselors. The majority of interventions had primary outcomes focused on other mental health or social variables with a secondary focus on suicide. Mechanisms of change for suicide prevention were poorly articulated. LIMITATIONS: The review was limited to English-language studies conducted after 2001 and excluded qualitative studies and those with fewer than 10 participants. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear paucity of research in this area, particularly in the lack of randomized clinical trials and studies with suicide prevention as their primary outcome. Researchers should seek to develop or adapt evidence-based, culturally-resonant interventions to reduce the burden of suicide on the African continent.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.038}, Key = {fds369857} } @article{fds369377, Author = {Fuemmeler, BF and Glasgow, TE and Schechter, JC and Maguire, R and Sheng, Y and Bidopia, T and Barsell, DJ and Ksinan, A and Zhang, J and Lin, Y and Hoyo, C and Murphy, S and Qin, J and Wang, X and Kollins, S}, Title = {Prenatal and Childhood Smoke Exposure Associations with Cognition, Language, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.}, Journal = {J Pediatr}, Volume = {256}, Pages = {77-84.e1}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.041}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships of prenatal and childhood smoke exposure with specific neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems during early childhood. STUDY DESIGN: A subsample (n = 386) of mother-child dyads from the Newborn Epigenetic Study (NEST) prebirth cohort participated in the study. Cotinine concentrations were used to objectively measure prenatal and childhood smoke exposure when youth were aged 3-13 years. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations of prenatal and childhood cotinine concentrations with performance on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral symptoms, measured using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2). RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, childhood cotinine concentrations were associated with poorer cognitive performance on tasks measuring cognitive flexibility (B = -1.29; P = .03), episodic memory (B = -0.97; P = .02), receptive language development (B = -0.58; P = .01), and inhibitory control and attention (B = -1.59; P = .006). Although childhood cotinine concentration was associated with higher levels of attention problems (B = 0.83; P = .004) on the BASC-2, after adjustment for confounders, the association is nonsignificant. Although associations for maternal cotinine concentrations were null, an interaction was detected between prenatal and childhood cotinine concentrations on the NIH Toolbox Picture Vocabulary Task (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that childhood tobacco smoke exposure may lead to poorer attention regulation and language acquisition, complex visual processing ability, and attention problems.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.041}, Key = {fds369377} } @article{fds370421, Author = {Taquet, M and Griffiths, K and Palmer, EOC and Ker, S and Liman, C and Wee, SN and Kollins, SH and Patel, R}, Title = {Early trajectory of clinical global impression as a transdiagnostic predictor of psychiatric hospitalisation: a retrospective cohort study.}, Journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {5}, Pages = {334-341}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00066-4}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Identifying patients most at risk of psychiatric hospitalisation is crucial to improving service provision and patient outcomes. Existing predictors focus on specific clinical scenarios and are not validated with real-world data, limiting their translational potential. This study aimed to determine whether early trajectories of Clinical Global Impression Severity are predictors of 6 month risk of hospitalisation. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the NeuroBlu database, an electronic health records network from 25 US mental health-care providers. Patients with an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, ADHD, or personality disorder were included. Using this cohort, we assessed whether clinical severity and instability (operationalised using Clinical Global Impression Severity measurements) during a 2-month period were predictors of psychiatric hospitalisation within the next 6 months. FINDINGS: 36 914 patients were included (mean age 29·7 years [SD 17·5]; 21 156 [57·3%] female, 15 748 [42·7%] male; 20 559 [55·7%] White, 4842 [13·1%] Black or African American, 286 [0·8%] Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 300 [0·8%] Asian, 139 [0·4%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 524 (1·4%) other or mixed race, and 10 264 [27·8%] of unknown race). Clinical severity and instability were independent predictors of risk of hospitalisation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·09, 95% CI 1·07-1·10 for every SD increase in instability; 1·11, 1·09-1·12 for every SD increase in severity; p<0·0001 for both). These associations were consistent across all diagnoses, age groups, and in both males and females, as well as in several robustness analyses, including when clinical severity and clinical instability were based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 rather than Clinical Global Impression Severity measurements. Patients in the top half of the cohort for both clinical severity and instability were at an increased risk of hospitalisation compared with those in the bottom half along both dimensions (HR 1·45, 95% CI 1·39-1·52; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Clinical instability and severity are independent predictors of future risk of hospitalisation, across diagnoses, age groups, and in both males and females. These findings could help clinicians make prognoses and screen patients who are most likely to benefit from intensive interventions, as well as help health-care providers plan service provisions by adding additional detail to risk prediction tools that incorporate other risk factors. FUNDING: National Institute for Health and Care Research, National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council, Academy of Medical Sciences, and Holmusk.}, Doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00066-4}, Key = {fds370421} } @article{fds370933, Author = {Ruiz, JM and Bacon, SL and Bennett, GG and Brondolo, E and Czajkowski, SM and Davidson, KW and Epel, ES and Revenson, TA and Behavioral Medicine Research Council}, Title = {Behavioral Medicine Research Council (BMRC) Statement Papers: A New Approach to Consensus Building in Behavioral Medicine Science.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {85}, Number = {4}, Pages = {296-297}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000001185}, Doi = {10.1097/psy.0000000000001185}, Key = {fds370933} } @article{fds368471, Author = {Wen, T and Egner, T}, Title = {Context-independent scaling of neural responses to task difficulty in the multiple-demand network.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {33}, Number = {10}, Pages = {6013-6027}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac479}, Abstract = {The multiple-demand (MD) network is sensitive to many aspects of cognitive demand, showing increased activation with more difficult tasks. However, it is currently unknown whether the MD network is modulated by the context in which task difficulty is experienced. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined MD network responses to low, medium, and high difficulty arithmetic problems within 2 cued contexts, an easy versus a hard set. The results showed that MD activity varied reliably with the absolute difficulty of a problem, independent of the context in which the problem was presented. Similarly, MD activity during task execution was independent of the difficulty of the previous trial. Representational similarity analysis further supported that representational distances in the MD network were consistent with a context-independent code. Finally, we identified several regions outside the MD network that showed context-dependent coding, including the inferior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, posterior insula, and large areas of the visual cortex. In sum, a cognitive effort is processed by the MD network in a context-independent manner. We suggest that this absolute coding of cognitive demand in the MD network reflects the limited range of task difficulty that can be supported by the cognitive apparatus.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhac479}, Key = {fds368471} } @article{fds367908, Author = {Ma, A and Savani, K and Liu, F and Tai, K and Kay, AC}, Title = {The mutual constitution of culture and psyche: The bidirectional relationship between individuals' perceived control and cultural tightness-looseness.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {124}, Number = {5}, Pages = {901-916}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000327}, Abstract = {According to the theory of mutual constitution of culture and psyche, just as culture shapes people, individuals' psychological states can influence culture. We build on compensatory control theory, which suggests that low personal control can lead people to prefer societal systems that impose order, to examine the mutual constitution of personal control and cultural tightness. Specifically, we tested whether individuals' lack of personal control increases their preference for tighter cultures as a means of restoring order and predictability, and whether tighter cultures in turn reduce people's feelings of personal control. Seven studies (five preregistered) with participants from the United States, Singapore, and China examine this cycle of mutual constitution. Specifically, documenting the correlational link between person and culture, we found that Americans lower on personal control preferred to live in tighter states (Study 1). Chinese employees lower on personal control also desired more structure and preferred a tighter organizational culture (Study 2). Employing an experimental causal chain design, Studies 3-5 provided causal evidence for our claim that lack of control increases desire for tighter cultures via the need for structure. Finally, tracing the link back from culture to person, Studies 6a and 6b found that whereas tighter cultures decreased perceptions of individual personal control, they increased people's sense of collective control. Overall, the findings document the process of mutual constitution of culture and psyche: lack of personal control leads people to seek more structured, tighter cultures, and that tighter cultures, in turn, decrease people's sense of personal control but increase their sense of collective control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pspa0000327}, Key = {fds367908} } @article{fds367086, Author = {Shurtz, L and Schwartz, C and DiStefano, C and McPartland, JC and Levin, AR and Dawson, G and Kleinhans, NM and Faja, S and Webb, SJ and Shic, F and Naples, AJ and Seow, H and Bernier, RA and Chawarska, K and Sugar, CA and Dziura, J and Senturk, D and Santhosh, M and Jeste, SS}, Title = {Concomitant medication use in children with autism spectrum disorder: Data from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials.}, Journal = {Autism}, Volume = {27}, Number = {4}, Pages = {952-966}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221121425}, Abstract = {Children with autism spectrum disorder are prescribed a variety of medications that affect the central nervous system (psychotropic medications) to address behavior and mood. In clinical trials, individuals taking concomitant psychotropic medications often are excluded to maintain homogeneity of the sample and prevent contamination of biomarkers or clinical endpoints. However, this choice may significantly diminish the clinical representativeness of the sample. In a recent multisite study designed to identify biomarkers and behavioral endpoints for clinical trials (the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials), school-age children with autism spectrum disorder were enrolled without excluding for medications, thus providing a unique opportunity to examine characteristics of psychotropic medication use in a research cohort and to guide future decisions on medication-related inclusion criteria. The aims of the current analysis were (1) to quantify the frequency and type of psychotropic medications reported in school-age children enrolled in the ABC-CT and (2) to examine behavioral features of children with autism spectrum disorder based on medication classes. Of the 280 children with autism spectrum disorder in the cohort, 42.5% were taking psychotropic medications, with polypharmacy in half of these children. The most commonly reported psychotropic medications included melatonin, stimulants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, alpha agonists, and antipsychotics. Descriptive analysis showed that children taking antipsychotics displayed a trend toward greater overall impairment. Our findings suggest that exclusion of children taking concomitant psychotropic medications in trials could limit the clinical representativeness of the study population, perhaps even excluding children who may most benefit from new treatment options.}, Doi = {10.1177/13623613221121425}, Key = {fds367086} } @article{fds370254, Author = {Wall, CA and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Franz, L and Howard, J and Major, S and Bey, A and Dawson, G}, Title = {Eye-tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver-child interactions in autistic children.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {16}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1052-1062}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2920}, Abstract = {Eye-tracking (ET) measures indexing social attention have been proposed as sensitive measures related to autism, but less is known about the relationship between social and nonsocial attention and naturalistic measures of social engagement and whether sex moderates this relationship. This study investigated ET measures of social attention as predictors of social engagement during a naturalistic caregiver-child interaction (CCI). Participants included 132, 2-7-year-old autistic children (77% male) and their caregivers. Participants engaged in a CCI and an ET task in which they viewed a video of an actor making dyadic bids toward the child with toys in the background. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyzes revealed that ET measures correlated with social engagement behaviors, including degree of attention to the caregiver and objects, joint engagement with the caregiver, and language-based joint engagement. Children who spent more time looking at toys were more likely to be unengaged during social interaction. Those who spent more time looking at the actor's mouth were more likely to engage in coordinated play with and without language. Sex moderated the relationship between time looking at toys and unengagement during play; males who spent more time looking at toys spent more time unengaged during play, whereas females who spent more time looking at toys spent less time unengaged during play. Overall, ET measures of social and nonsocial attention correlated with the level of social engagement during naturalistic play, with some sex differences. Eye-tracking measures that predict interaction patterns may provide insight into promoting social engagement between caregivers and their autistic children and can inform outcome monitoring and intervention development.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.2920}, Key = {fds370254} } @article{fds370255, Author = {Faja, S and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Sridhar, A and Kuhn, JL and Nikolaeva, JI and Sugar, CA and Webb, SJ and Bernier, RA and Sikich, L and Hellemann, G and Senturk, D and Naples, AJ and Shic, F and Levin, AR and Seow, HA and Dziura, JD and Jeste, SS and Chawarska, K and Nelson, CA and Dawson, G and McPartland, JC and Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials}, Title = {Evaluation of clinical assessments of social abilities for use in autism clinical trials by the autism biomarkers consortium for clinical trials.}, Journal = {Autism Res}, Volume = {16}, Number = {5}, Pages = {981-996}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2905}, Abstract = {Clinical trials in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often rely on clinician rating scales and parent surveys to measure autism-related features and social behaviors. To aid in the selection of these assessments for future clinical trials, the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC-CT) directly compared eight common instruments with respect to acquisition rates, sensitivity to group differences, equivalence across demographic sub-groups, convergent validity, and stability over a 6-week period. The sample included 280 children diagnosed with ASD (65 girls) and 119 neurotypical children (36 girls) aged from 6 to 11 years. Full scale IQ for ASD ranged from 60 to 150 and for neurotypical ranged from 86 to 150. Instruments measured clinician global assessment and autism-related behaviors, social communication abilities, adaptive function, and social withdrawal behavior. For each instrument, we examined only the scales that measured social or communication functioning. Data acquisition rates were at least 97.5% at T1 and 95.7% at T2. All scales distinguished diagnostic groups. Some scales significantly differed by participant and/or family demographic characteristics. Within the ASD group, most clinical instruments exhibited weak (≥ |0.1|) to moderate (≥ |0.4|) intercorrelations. Short-term stability was moderate (ICC: 0.5-0.75) to excellent (ICC: >0.9) within the ASD group. Variations in the degree of stability may inform viability for different contexts of use, such as identifying clinical subgroups for trials versus serving as a modifiable clinical outcome. All instruments were evaluated in terms of their advantages and potential concerns for use in clinical trials.}, Doi = {10.1002/aur.2905}, Key = {fds370255} } @article{fds370372, Author = {Liu, J and Hilton, CB and Bergelson, E and Mehr, SA}, Title = {Language experience predicts music processing in a half-million speakers of fifty-four languages.}, Journal = {Current Biology : Cb}, Volume = {33}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1916-1925.e4}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.067}, Abstract = {Tonal languages differ from other languages in their use of pitch (tones) to distinguish words. Lifelong experience speaking and hearing tonal languages has been argued to shape auditory processing in ways that generalize beyond the perception of linguistic pitch to the perception of pitch in other domains like music. We conducted a meta-analysis of prior studies testing this idea, finding moderate evidence supporting it. But prior studies were limited by mostly small sample sizes representing a small number of languages and countries, making it challenging to disentangle the effects of linguistic experience from variability in music training, cultural differences, and other potential confounds. To address these issues, we used web-based citizen science to assess music perception skill on a global scale in 34,034 native speakers of 19 tonal languages (e.g., Mandarin, Yoruba). We compared their performance to 459,066 native speakers of other languages, including 6 pitch-accented (e.g., Japanese) and 29 non-tonal languages (e.g., Hungarian). Whether or not participants had taken music lessons, native speakers of all 19 tonal languages had an improved ability to discriminate musical melodies on average, relative to speakers of non-tonal languages. But this improvement came with a trade-off: tonal language speakers were also worse at processing the musical beat. The results, which held across native speakers of many diverse languages and were robust to geographic and demographic variation, demonstrate that linguistic experience shapes music perception, with implications for relations between music, language, and culture in the human mind.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.067}, Key = {fds370372} } @article{fds370629, Author = {Benozio, A and House, BR and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Apes reciprocate food positively and negatively.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, Volume = {290}, Number = {1998}, Pages = {20222541}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2541}, Abstract = {Reciprocal food exchange is widespread in human societies but not among great apes, who may view food mainly as a target for competition. Understanding the similarities and differences between great apes' and humans' willingness to exchange food is important for our models regarding the origins of uniquely human forms of cooperation. Here, we demonstrate in-kind food exchanges in experimental settings with great apes for the first time. The initial sample consisted of 13 chimpanzees and 5 bonobos in the control phases, and the test phases included 10 chimpanzees and 2 bonobos, compared with a sample of 48 human children aged 4 years. First, we replicated prior findings showing no spontaneous food exchanges in great apes. Second, we discovered that when apes believe that conspecifics have 'intentionally' transferred food to them, positive reciprocal food exchanges (food-for-food) are not only possible but reach the same levels as in young children (approx. 75-80%). Third, we found that great apes engage in negative reciprocal food exchanges (no-food for no-food) but to a lower extent than children. This provides evidence for reciprocal food exchange in great apes in experimental settings and suggests that while a potential mechanism of <i>fostering</i> cooperation (via positive reciprocal exchanges) may be shared across species, a stabilizing mechanism (via negative reciprocity) is not.}, Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.2541}, Key = {fds370629} } @article{fds364337, Author = {Landry, AP and Schooler, JW and Willer, R and Seli, P}, Title = {Reducing Explicit Blatant Dehumanization by Correcting Exaggerated Meta-Perceptions}, Journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science}, Volume = {14}, Number = {4}, Pages = {407-418}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19485506221099146}, Abstract = {If explicitly, blatantly dehumanizing a group of people—overtly characterizing them as less than human—facilitates harming them, then reversing this process is paramount. Addressing dehumanization among American political partisans appears especially crucial, given that it has been linked to their anti-democratic hostility. Perhaps because of its overt nature, partisans recognize—and greatly exaggerate—the extent to which out-partisans explicitly, blatantly dehumanize them. Past research has found that when people perceive they are dehumanized by an outgroup (i.e., meta-dehumanization), they respond with reciprocal dehumanization. Therefore, we reasoned that partisans’ dehumanization could be reduced by correcting their exaggerated meta-dehumanization. Indeed, across three preregistered studies (N = 4,154), an intervention correcting American partisans’ exaggerated meta-dehumanization reduced their own dehumanization of out-partisans. This decreased dehumanization persisted at a 1-week follow-up and predicted downstream reductions in partisans’ anti-democratic hostility, suggesting that correcting exaggerated meta-dehumanization can durably mitigate the dark specter of dehumanization.}, Doi = {10.1177/19485506221099146}, Key = {fds364337} } @article{fds370370, Author = {Andrade, FC and Erwin, S and Burnell, K and Jackson, J and Storch, M and Nicholas, J and Zucker, N}, Title = {Intervening on Social Comparisons on Social Media: Electronic Daily Diary Pilot Study.}, Journal = {Jmir Mental Health}, Volume = {10}, Pages = {e42024}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42024}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Literature has underscored the dark aspects of social media use, including associations with depressive symptoms, feelings of social isolation, and diminished self-esteem. Social comparison, the process of evaluating oneself relative to another person, is thought to contribute to these negative experiences such that people with a stronger tendency to compare themselves with others are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of social media. Social media as a form of social connection and communication is nevertheless an inevitable-and arguably integral-part of life, particularly for young adults. Therefore, there is a need to investigate strategies that could alter the manner in which people interact with social media to minimize its detrimental effects and maximize the feelings of affiliation and connection. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a brief web-based intervention designed to alter engagement with social media and promote psychological well-being by encouraging social savoring as an alternative to social comparison. Social savoring was operationalized as experiencing joyful emotions related to the happiness of someone else's experiences (ie, feeling happy for someone else). METHODS: Following an intensive longitudinal design, 55 college students (mean age 19.29, SD 0.93 years; n=43, 78% women and n=23, 42% White) completed baseline measures (individual differences, psychological well-being, connectedness, and social media use) and then 14 days of daily surveys on their social media activity and well-being. On day 8, the group that was randomized to receive the intervention watched a video instructing them on the skill of social savoring and was asked to practice this skill during days 8 to 14. RESULTS: Overall, participants reported positive perceptions of the intervention. Participants who watched the intervention video reported significantly higher performance self-esteem (P=.02) at posttest than those in the control condition, after controlling for baseline levels. Participants also reported significantly higher state self-esteem (P=.01) on days in which they engaged in more social savoring while using social media, and the use of social savoring increased significantly (P=.01) over time, suggesting that participants found it helpful. Participants in both conditions reported significantly lower levels of social comparison (control: P=.01; intervention: P=.002) and higher levels of connectedness (control: P<.001; intervention: P=.001) at posttest than at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Initial evidence from this pilot study suggests that a web-based social savoring intervention may help minimize the potentially harmful consequences of social media use, at least in some domains. Future work is needed to examine the effectiveness and acceptance of this intervention in different age groups and in clinical samples that are in part characterized by higher levels of comparison with others (eg, people with eating disorders).}, Doi = {10.2196/42024}, Key = {fds370370} } @article{fds370624, Author = {Isaev, DY and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Di Martino and JM and Carpenter, K and Aiello, R and Compton, S and Davis, N and Franz, L and Sullivan, C and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Computer Vision Analysis of Caregiver-Child Interactions in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Preliminary Report.}, Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05973-0}, Abstract = {We report preliminary results of computer vision analysis of caregiver-child interactions during free play with children diagnosed with autism (N = 29, 41-91 months), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, N = 22, 48-100 months), or combined autism + ADHD (N = 20, 56-98 months), and neurotypical children (NT, N = 7, 55-95 months). We conducted micro-analytic analysis of 'reaching to a toy,' as a proxy for initiating or responding to a toy play bout. Dyadic analysis revealed two clusters of interaction patterns, which differed in frequency of 'reaching to a toy' and caregivers' contingent responding to the child's reach for a toy by also reaching for a toy. Children in dyads with higher caregiver responsiveness had less developed language, communication, and socialization skills. Clusters were not associated with diagnostic groups. These results hold promise for automated methods of characterizing caregiver responsiveness in dyadic interactions for assessment and outcome monitoring in clinical trials.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10803-023-05973-0}, Key = {fds370624} } @article{fds370523, Author = {Isaev, DY and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Di Martino and JM and Carpenter, K and Aiello, R and Compton, S and Davis, N and Franz, L and Sullivan, C and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Computer Vision Analysis of Caregiver-Child Interactions in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Preliminary Report.}, Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05973-0}, Abstract = {We report preliminary results of computer vision analysis of caregiver-child interactions during free play with children diagnosed with autism (N = 29, 41-91 months), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, N = 22, 48-100 months), or combined autism + ADHD (N = 20, 56-98 months), and neurotypical children (NT, N = 7, 55-95 months). We conducted micro-analytic analysis of 'reaching to a toy,' as a proxy for initiating or responding to a toy play bout. Dyadic analysis revealed two clusters of interaction patterns, which differed in frequency of 'reaching to a toy' and caregivers' contingent responding to the child's reach for a toy by also reaching for a toy. Children in dyads with higher caregiver responsiveness had less developed language, communication, and socialization skills. Clusters were not associated with diagnostic groups. These results hold promise for automated methods of characterizing caregiver responsiveness in dyadic interactions for assessment and outcome monitoring in clinical trials.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10803-023-05973-0}, Key = {fds370523} } @article{fds371023, Author = {Johnson, GA and Tian, Y and Ashbrook, DG and Cofer, GP and Cook, JJ and Gee, JC and Hall, A and Hornburg, K and Kaczorowski, CC and Qi, Y and Yeh, F-C and Wang, N and White, LE and Williams, RW}, Title = {Merged magnetic resonance and light sheet microscopy of the whole mouse brain.}, Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, Volume = {120}, Number = {17}, Pages = {e2218617120}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218617120}, Abstract = {We have developed workflows to align 3D magnetic resonance histology (MRH) of the mouse brain with light sheet microscopy (LSM) and 3D delineations of the same specimen. We start with MRH of the brain in the skull with gradient echo and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 15 μm isotropic resolution which is ~ 1,000 times higher than that of most preclinical MRI. Connectomes are generated with superresolution tract density images of ~5 μm. Brains are cleared, stained for selected proteins, and imaged by LSM at 1.8 μm/pixel. LSM data are registered into the reference MRH space with labels derived from the ABA common coordinate framework. The result is a high-dimensional integrated volume with registration (HiDiver) with alignment precision better than 50 µm. Throughput is sufficiently high that HiDiver is being used in quantitative studies of the impact of gene variants and aging on mouse brain cytoarchitecture and connectomics.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2218617120}, Key = {fds371023} } @article{fds367627, Author = {Subramaniam, A and Liu, S and Lochhead, L and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {A systematic review of transcranial direct current stimulation on eye movements and associated psychological function.}, Journal = {Rev Neurosci}, Volume = {34}, Number = {3}, Pages = {349-364}, Publisher = {WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2022-0082}, Abstract = {The last decades have seen a rise in the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) approaches to modulate brain activity and associated behavior. Concurrently, eye tracking (ET) technology has improved to allow more precise quantitative measurement of gaze behavior, offering a window into the mechanisms of vision and cognition. When combined, tDCS and ET provide a powerful system to probe brain function and measure the impact on visual function, leading to an increasing number of studies that utilize these techniques together. The current pre-registered, systematic review seeks to describe the literature that integrates these approaches with the goal of changing brain activity with tDCS and measuring associated changes in eye movements with ET. The literature search identified 26 articles that combined ET and tDCS in a probe-and-measure model and are systematically reviewed here. All studies implemented controlled interventional designs to address topics related to oculomotor control, cognitive processing, emotion regulation, or cravings in healthy volunteers and patient populations. Across these studies, active stimulation typically led to changes in the number, duration, and timing of fixations compared to control stimulation. Notably, half the studies addressed emotion regulation, each showing hypothesized effects of tDCS on ET metrics, while tDCS targeting the frontal cortex was widely used and also generally produced expected modulation of ET. This review reveals promising evidence of the impact of tDCS on eye movements and associated psychological function, offering a framework for effective designs with recommendations for future studies.}, Doi = {10.1515/revneuro-2022-0082}, Key = {fds367627} } @article{fds370371, Author = {Berger, MB and Chisholm, M and Miller, HN and Askew, S and Kay, MC and Bennett, GG}, Title = {"We bleed for our community:" A qualitative exploration of the implementation of a pragmatic weight gain prevention trial from the perspectives of community health center professionals.}, Journal = {Bmc Public Health}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {695}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15574-2}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clinical trial implementation continues to shift toward pragmatic design, with the goal of increasing future adoption in clinical practice. Yet, few pragmatic trials within clinical settings have qualitatively assessed stakeholder input, especially from those most impacted by research implementation and outcomes, i.e., providers and staff. Within this context, we conducted a qualitative study of the implementation of a pragmatic digital health obesity trial with employees at a Federally qualified health center (FQHC) network in central North Carolina. METHODS: Participant recruitment was conducted through purposive sampling of FQHC employees from a variety of backgrounds. Two researchers conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews and collected demographic data. Interviews were digitally recorded, professionally transcribed and double-coded by two independent researchers using NVivo 12. Coding discrepancies were reviewed by a third researcher until intercoder consensus was reached. Responses were compared within and across participants to elucidate emergent themes. RESULTS: Eighteen qualitative interviews were conducted, of whom 39% provided direct medical care to patients and 44% worked at the FQHC for at least seven years. Results illuminated the challenges and successes of a pragmatically designed obesity treatment intervention within the community that serves medically vulnerable patients. Although limited time and staffing shortages may have challenged recruitment processes, respondents described early buy-in from leadership; an alignment of organizational and research goals; and consideration of patient needs as facilitators to implementation. Respondents also described the need for personnel power to sustain novel research interventions and considerations of health center resource constraints. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study contribute to the limited literature on pragmatic trials utilizing qualitative methods, particularly in community-based obesity treatment. To continue to merge the gaps between research implementation and clinical care, qualitative assessments that solicit stakeholder input are needed within pragmatic trial design. For maximum impact, researchers may wish to solicit input from a variety of professionals at trial onset and ensure that shared common goals and open collaboration between all partners is maintained throughout the trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03003403) on December 28, 2016.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12889-023-15574-2}, Key = {fds370371} } @article{fds370410, Author = {Allé, MC and Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D}, Title = {Autobiographical memory and the self on the psychosis continuum: investigating their relationship with positive- and negative-like symptoms.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {31}, Number = {4}, Pages = {518-529}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2173236}, Abstract = {Autobiographical memory is severely impaired in schizophrenia, but previous work has largely treated both as unitary concepts. Here, we examined how various dimensions of autobiographical memory relate to different aspects of psychosis. Participants were recruited from the general population (Study 1, N = 264) and a university subject pool (Study 2, N = 305). We examined different measures of autobiographical memory and self (i.e., involuntary memory, autobiographical recollection, self-knowledge and self-awareness), at the trait level in Study 1 and both trait and state levels in Study 2, as a function of positive-and negative-like symptoms of psychosis. Across both studies, positive and negative dimensions of psychosis were found to be related to an increase in involuntary memories (i.e., the spontaneous recall of personal memories), and to lower self-concept clarity and insight. Positive and negative dimensions of psychosis correlated differently with autobiographical recollection characteristics, measured at both trait (Studies 1 and 2) and state levels (Study 2). Positive-like symptoms (in particular hallucination-proneness) showed a stronger and more consistent pattern of correlations than negative-like symptoms. These findings call for a dimensional approach to the relationship between autobiographical memory and psychosis symptoms in clinical and non-clinical individuals, to better understand the breakdown of autobiographical memory in the psychopathology of psychosis.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2023.2173236}, Key = {fds370410} } @article{fds369070, Author = {Stern, Y and Albert, M and Barnes, CA and Cabeza, R and Pascual-Leone, A and Rapp, PR}, Title = {A framework for concepts of reserve and resilience in aging.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging}, Volume = {124}, Pages = {100-103}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015}, Abstract = {The study of factors, across species, that allow some individuals to age more successfully than others has important implications for individual wellbeing as well as health education, policy and intervention. Design of studies and communication across investigators in this area has been hampered by a diversity of terminology. The Collaboratory on Research Definitions for Reserve and Resilience in Cognitive Aging and Dementia was funded by the National Institute on Aging and established in 2019 as a 3-year process of developing consensus definitions and research guidelines. The proposed Framework is based on an iterative process including 3 annual Workshops, focused workgroups, and input from numerous international investigators. It suggests the overarching term: resilience, and presents operational definitions for 3 concepts: cognitive reserve, brain maintenance, and brain reserve. Twelve pilot studies that integrate these definitions are presented. The use of a common vocabulary and operational definitions will facilitate even greater progress in understanding the factors that are associated with successful aging.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015}, Key = {fds369070} } @article{fds371490, Author = {Rybińska, A and Bai, Y and Goodman, WB and Dodge, KA}, Title = {Birth Spacing and Child Maltreatment: Population-Level Estimates for North Carolina.}, Journal = {Child Maltreatment}, Pages = {10775595231171879}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775595231171879}, Abstract = {We examine population-level associations between birth spacing and child maltreatment using birth records and child welfare records for 1,099,230 second or higher parity children born in North Carolina between 1997 and 2013. Building upon previous research, administrative data linkages were used to address out-of-state migration and family-level heterogeneity in birth spacing and child maltreatment risk factors. Findings provide the strongest evidence to date that very short birth spacing of zero through 6 months from last birth to the index child's conception is a prenatal predictor of child maltreatment (indexed as child welfare involvement) throughout early childhood. Consequently, information about optimal family planning during the postpartum period should become a standard component of universal and targeted child maltreatment prevention programs. However, challenging previous empirical evidence, this study reports inconsistent results for benefits of additional spacing delay beyond 6 months with regard to child maltreatment risk reduction, especially for children of racial and ethnic minorities. These findings call for further inquiry about the mechanisms driving the connections between birth spacing and Child Protective Services assessments.}, Doi = {10.1177/10775595231171879}, Key = {fds371490} } @article{fds369095, Author = {Brick, DJ and Wight, KG and Bettman, JR and Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Celebrate Good Times: How Celebrations Increase Perceived Social Support}, Journal = {Journal of Public Policy & Marketing}, Volume = {42}, Number = {2}, Pages = {115-132}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07439156221145696}, Abstract = {Despite the ubiquity of celebrations in everyday life, little is known about how celebrations may contribute to consumer well-being. In the current work, the authors propose that celebrations promote perceived social support, which prior work has conceptualized as the belief that others will be there for you for future negative life events. The authors further theorize that celebrations require three key characteristics that, in combination, are necessary for increasing perceived social support. Specifically, celebrations must (1) mark an individual's separate positive event and (2) involve consumption (3) with others (i.e., social). They test this theory across eight studies and demonstrate a process mechanism for this effect: these characteristics lead to increases in enacted support and perceived responsiveness, which in turn lead to increases in more general perceived social support. They then extend these findings by investigating virtually held celebrations, the individual's role at the celebration, and a downstream prosocial outcome. By doing so, this work highlights the broader benefits of celebrations beyond the focal individual and the immediate experience. Finally, specific policy implications and suggestions for enhancing consumer well-being are provided.}, Doi = {10.1177/07439156221145696}, Key = {fds369095} } @article{fds369255, Author = {Rapp, PR and Madden, DJ}, Title = {Editor transition at Neurobiology of Aging.}, Journal = {Neurobiol Aging}, Volume = {124}, Pages = {51}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.009}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.009}, Key = {fds369255} } @article{fds369256, Author = {Merenstein, JL and Mullin, HA and Madden, DJ}, Title = {Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation for target and distractor singletons during visual search.}, Journal = {Atten Percept Psychophys}, Volume = {85}, Number = {3}, Pages = {749-768}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02640-x}, Abstract = {Age-related decline in visual search performance has been associated with different patterns of activation in frontoparietal regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but whether these age-related effects represent specific influences of target and distractor processing is unclear. Therefore, we acquired event-related fMRI data from 68 healthy, community-dwelling adults ages 18-78 years, during both conjunction (T/F target among rotated Ts and Fs) and feature (T/F target among Os) search. Some displays contained a color singleton that could correspond to either the target or a distractor. A diffusion decision analysis indicated age-related increases in sensorimotor response time across all task conditions, but an age-related decrease in the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) was specific to conjunction search. Moreover, the color singleton facilitated search performance when occurring as a target and disrupted performance when occurring as a distractor, but only during conjunction search, and these effects were independent of age. The fMRI data indicated that decreased search efficiency for conjunction relative to feature search was evident as widespread frontoparietal activation. Activation within the left insula mediated the age-related decrease in drift rate for conjunction search, whereas this relation in the FEF and parietal cortex was significant only for individuals younger than 30 or 44 years, respectively. Finally, distractor singletons were associated with significant parietal activation, whereas target singletons were associated with significant frontoparietal deactivation, and this latter effect increased with adult age. Age-related differences in frontoparietal activation therefore reflect both the overall efficiency of search and the enhancement from salient targets.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13414-022-02640-x}, Key = {fds369256} } @article{fds370043, Author = {Simon, CB and Hicks, GE and Pieper, CF and Byers Kraus and V and Keefe, FJ and Colón-Emeric, C}, Title = {A Novel Movement-Evoked Pain Provocation Test for Older Adults With Persistent Low Back Pain: Safety, Feasibility, and Associations With Self-reported Physical Function and Usual Gait Speed.}, Journal = {Clin J Pain}, Volume = {39}, Number = {4}, Pages = {166-174}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000001101}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling for older adults. Movement-evoked pain is an emerging measure that may help to predict disability; but is not currently a part of geriatric LBP clinical care. This study tested the safety and feasibility of a new Movement-Evoked Provocation Test for Low Back Pain in Older Adults (MEPLO). We also compared associations between movement-evoked pain via 2 different scoring methods and disability-associated outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine older adults with persistent LBP provided baseline recalled and resting pain ratings, self-reported physical function, and usual gait speed. Participants then completed MEPLO, involving 4 tasks essential for functional independence: chair rises, trunk rotation, reaching, and walking. Movement-evoked pain was then quantified using the traditional change score (delta) method of pain premovement to postmovement; and also, a new aggregate method that combines pain ratings after the 4 tasks. RESULTS: No safety or feasibility issues were identified. Compared with the delta score, the aggregate score was more strongly associated with self-reported physical function (beta: -0.495 vs. -0.090) and usual gait speed (beta: -0.450 vs. -0.053). Similarly, the aggregate score was more strongly associated with self-reported physical function than recalled and resting pain (beta: -0.470, -0.283, and 0.136, respectively). DISCUSSION: This study shows the safety and feasibility of testing movement-evoked pain in older adults with persistent LBP, and its potential superiority to traditional pain measures. Future studies must validate these findings and test the extent to which MEPLO is implementable to change with geriatric LBP standard of care.}, Doi = {10.1097/AJP.0000000000001101}, Key = {fds370043} } @article{fds370161, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, M and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting inclusion, diversity and equity in pain science.}, Journal = {Eur J Pain}, Volume = {27}, Number = {4}, Pages = {451-456}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejp.2087}, Doi = {10.1002/ejp.2087}, Key = {fds370161} } @article{fds371047, Author = {Kerns, RD and Davis, AF and Fritz, JM and Keefe, FJ and Peduzzi, P and Rhon, DI and Taylor, SL and Vining, R and Yu, Q and Zeliadt, SB and George, SZ}, Title = {Intervention Fidelity in Pain Pragmatic Trials for Nonpharmacologic Pain Management: Nuanced Considerations for Determining PRECIS-2 Flexibility in Delivery and Adherence.}, Journal = {J Pain}, Volume = {24}, Number = {4}, Pages = {568-574}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2022.12.008}, Abstract = {Nonpharmacological treatments are considered first-line pain management strategies, but they remain clinically underused. For years, pain-focused pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) have generated evidence for the enhanced use of nonpharmacological interventions in routine clinical settings to help overcome implementation barriers. The Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) framework describes the degree of pragmatism across 9 key domains. Among these, "flexibility in delivery" and "flexibility in adherence," address a key goal of pragmatic research by tailoring approaches to settings in which people receive routine care. However, to maintain scientific and ethical rigor, PCTs must ensure that flexibility features do not compromise delivery of interventions as designed, such that the results are ethically and scientifically sound. Key principles of achieving this balance include clear definitions of intervention core components, intervention monitoring and documentation that is sufficient but not overly burdensome, provider training that meets the demands of delivering an intervention in real-world settings, and use of an ethical lens to recognize and avoid potential trial futility when necessary and appropriate. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents nuances to be considered when applying the PRECIS-2 framework to describe pragmatic clinical trials. Trials must ensure that patient-centered treatment flexibility does not compromise delivery of interventions as designed, such that measurement and analysis of treatment effects is reliable.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2022.12.008}, Key = {fds371047} } @article{fds369097, Author = {Brick, DJ and Wight, KG and Bettman, JR and Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Celebrate Good Times: How Celebrations Increase Perceived Social Support}, Journal = {Journal of Public Policy & Marketing}, Volume = {42}, Number = {2}, Pages = {115-132}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07439156221145696}, Abstract = {Despite the ubiquity of celebrations in everyday life, little is known about how celebrations may contribute to consumer well-being. In the current work, the authors propose that celebrations promote perceived social support, which prior work has conceptualized as the belief that others will be there for you for future negative life events. The authors further theorize that celebrations require three key characteristics that, in combination, are necessary for increasing perceived social support. Specifically, celebrations must (1) mark an individual's separate positive event and (2) involve consumption (3) with others (i.e., social). They test this theory across eight studies and demonstrate a process mechanism for this effect: these characteristics lead to increases in enacted support and perceived responsiveness, which in turn lead to increases in more general perceived social support. They then extend these findings by investigating virtually held celebrations, the individual's role at the celebration, and a downstream prosocial outcome. By doing so, this work highlights the broader benefits of celebrations beyond the focal individual and the immediate experience. Finally, specific policy implications and suggestions for enhancing consumer well-being are provided.}, Doi = {10.1177/07439156221145696}, Key = {fds369097} } @article{fds367225, Author = {Burnell, K and Andrade, FC and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Longitudinal and daily associations between adolescent self-control and digital technology use.}, Journal = {Developmental Psychology}, Volume = {59}, Number = {4}, Pages = {720-732}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001444}, Abstract = {There is fear that adolescents have limited control over their digital technology use. The current research examines longitudinal (Study 1) and daily (Study 2) associations between U.S. adolescents' self-control and digital technological impairment and use. Using a large sample (<i>N</i> = 2,104; Wave 1: <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 12.36, 52% female, 57% economically disadvantaged, 48% racial minority), Study 1 tested how changes in adolescents' self-control and perceived technological impairment co-occur across time (between-person associations) and if self-control and perceived impairment are prospectively and bidirectionally associated with each other (within-person associations). There was evidence of between-person associations, in that poorer self-control and perceived technological impairment both increase over adolescence, and these increases are positively associated with each other. However, there was no evidence of prospective within-person associations. Using a subsample from Study 1 (N = 388), Study 2 found support for a between-person association for self-control and using digital technology for entertainment, in which adolescents who reported poorer self-control relative to their peers also engaged in greater digital technology use for entertainment. There was no robust support for within-person associations. These findings suggest that adolescents with poorer self-control may have established tendencies to experience greater technological impairment and use more digital technology for entertainment, but the lack of within-person associations indicate caution is needed for a cause-and-effect relation. Adolescents with existing poorer self-control may be more vulnerable to problematic digital technology use in a developmental period where digital technology is particularly rewarding, and intervention and prevention efforts should be geared toward these adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/dev0001444}, Key = {fds367225} } @article{fds369351, Author = {Andrade, FC and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {A synthesis and meta-analysis of the relationship between trait self-control and healthier practices in physical activity, eating, and sleep domains}, Journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, Volume = {205}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112095}, Abstract = {This paper updates and extends prior work by meta-analyzing the fast-growing literature on the association between individual differences in trait self-control and multiple outcomes within the domains of physical activity, eating, and sleep. Random-effects models with nesting by study and sample were estimated for the aggregate association between self-control and all health-related domains, for each domain independently, and for moderated meta-regressions testing whether effect sizes varied by method, measurement, and sampling within each domain. Self-control was modestly associated with engagement in health-related activities, with significantly stronger associations for sleep relative to eating and physical activity-related outcomes. Within eating and sleep domains, associations significantly varied as a function of outcome type and whether they were assessed in terms of health-promotion or health-risk practices. Findings suggest that the upper bound of what can be predicted by individual differences in self-control varies by health-related outcome. Importantly, smaller associations point to the potential role of other individual differences, contextual affordances, and biological factors in explaining healthier physical activity, eating, and sleep-related practices. The granular approach taken in this investigation may ultimately aid the translation of a growing literature on the role of individual differences in self-control into effective health behavior maintenance and change interventions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2023.112095}, Key = {fds369351} } @article{fds364191, Author = {Brick, DJ and Wight, KG and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Secret consumer behaviors in close relationships}, Journal = {Journal of Consumer Psychology}, Volume = {33}, Number = {2}, Pages = {403-411}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1315}, Abstract = {Although close relationships are often characterized by openness and disclosure, in the present research, we propose that there are times when individuals choose not to tell close others about their consumer behavior, keeping it a secret. For example, one partner may eat a candy bar on the way home from work, hide a package that was delivered to the house, or hire a cleaning service and not tell the other partner. We theorize that this type of consumer behavior is both common and mundane. That is, the consumption itself is minor—and has likely been done with the partner's knowledge in the past—but is being intentionally kept from the partner. We further investigate whether such behavior has downstream effects on the relationship, despite its mundaneness. Five studies support our conceptualization of secret consumer behaviors in close relationships and illustrate one consequence: guilt from secret consumption leads to greater relationship investment. This research explores a common, yet understudied, area of consumer behavior and highlights areas for future research. Thus, we contribute to the literature by being the first work to examine emotional, behavioral, and relational aspects of secret consumer behavior.}, Doi = {10.1002/jcpy.1315}, Key = {fds364191} } @article{fds369098, Author = {Brick, DJ and Wight, KG and Bettman, JR and Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Celebrate Good Times: How Celebrations Increase Perceived Social Support}, Journal = {Journal of Public Policy & Marketing}, Volume = {42}, Number = {2}, Pages = {115-132}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07439156221145696}, Abstract = {Despite the ubiquity of celebrations in everyday life, little is known about how celebrations may contribute to consumer well-being. In the current work, the authors propose that celebrations promote perceived social support, which prior work has conceptualized as the belief that others will be there for you for future negative life events. The authors further theorize that celebrations require three key characteristics that, in combination, are necessary for increasing perceived social support. Specifically, celebrations must (1) mark an individual's separate positive event and (2) involve consumption (3) with others (i.e., social). They test this theory across eight studies and demonstrate a process mechanism for this effect: these characteristics lead to increases in enacted support and perceived responsiveness, which in turn lead to increases in more general perceived social support. They then extend these findings by investigating virtually held celebrations, the individual's role at the celebration, and a downstream prosocial outcome. By doing so, this work highlights the broader benefits of celebrations beyond the focal individual and the immediate experience. Finally, specific policy implications and suggestions for enhancing consumer well-being are provided.}, Doi = {10.1177/07439156221145696}, Key = {fds369098} } @article{fds365542, Author = {Zhang, J and Hughes, RN and Kim, N and Fallon, IP and Bakhurin, K and Kim, J and Severino, FPU and Yin, HH}, Title = {A one-photon endoscope for simultaneous patterned optogenetic stimulation and calcium imaging in freely behaving mice.}, Journal = {Nature Biomedical Engineering}, Volume = {7}, Number = {4}, Pages = {499-510}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41551-022-00920-3}, Abstract = {Optogenetics and calcium imaging can be combined to simultaneously stimulate and record neural activity in vivo. However, this usually requires two-photon microscopes, which are not portable nor affordable. Here we report the design and implementation of a miniaturized one-photon endoscope for performing simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and calcium imaging. By integrating digital micromirrors, the endoscope makes it possible to activate any neuron of choice within the field of view, and to apply arbitrary spatiotemporal patterns of photostimulation while imaging calcium activity. We used the endoscope to image striatal neurons from either the direct pathway or the indirect pathway in freely moving mice while activating any chosen neuron in the field of view. The endoscope also allows for the selection of neurons based on their relationship with specific animal behaviour, and to recreate the behaviour by mimicking the natural neural activity with photostimulation. The miniaturized endoscope may facilitate the study of how neural activity gives rise to behaviour in freely moving animals.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41551-022-00920-3}, Key = {fds365542} } @article{fds370886, Author = {Petter, EA and Fallon, IP and Hughes, RN and Watson, GDR and Meck, WH and Ulloa Severino and FP and Yin, HH}, Title = {Elucidating a locus coeruleus-dentate gyrus dopamine pathway for operant reinforcement.}, Journal = {Elife}, Volume = {12}, Pages = {e83600}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.83600}, Abstract = {Animals can learn to repeat behaviors to earn desired rewards, a process commonly known as reinforcement learning. While previous work has implicated the ascending dopaminergic projections to the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning, little is known about the role of the hippocampus. Here, we report that a specific population of hippocampal neurons and their dopaminergic innervation contribute to operant self-stimulation. These neurons are located in the dentate gyrus, receive dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus, and express D1 dopamine receptors. Activation of D1 + dentate neurons is sufficient for self-stimulation: mice will press a lever to earn optogenetic activation of these neurons. A similar effect is also observed with selective activation of the locus coeruleus projections to the dentate gyrus, and blocked by D1 receptor antagonism. Calcium imaging of D1 + dentate neurons revealed significant activity at the time of action selection, but not during passive reward delivery. These results reveal the role of dopaminergic innervation of the dentate gyrus in supporting operant reinforcement.}, Doi = {10.7554/elife.83600}, Key = {fds370886} } @article{fds371818, Author = {Cecchi, M and Adachi, M and Basile, A and Buhl, DL and Chadchankar, H and Christensen, S and Christian, E and Doherty, J and Fadem, KC and Farley, B and Forman, MS and Honda, S and Johannesen, J and Kinon, BJ and Klamer, D and Marino, MJ and Missling, C and O'Donnell, P and Piser, T and Puryear, CB and Quirk, MC and Rotte, M and Sanchez, C and Smith, DG and Uslaner, JM and Javitt, DC and Keefe, RSE and Mathalon, D and Potter, WZ and Walling, DP and Ereshefsky, L}, Title = {Validation of a suite of ERP and QEEG biomarkers in a pre-competitive, industry-led study in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.}, Journal = {Schizophrenia Research}, Volume = {254}, Pages = {178-189}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.018}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Complexity and lack of standardization have mostly limited the use of event-related potentials (ERPs) and quantitative EEG (QEEG) biomarkers in drug development to small early phase trials. We present results from a clinical study on healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ) that assessed test-retest, group differences, variance, and correlation with functional assessments for ERP and QEEG measures collected at clinical and commercial trial sites with standardized instrumentation and methods, and analyzed through an automated data analysis pipeline. METHODS: 81 HV and 80 SZ were tested at one of four study sites. Subjects were administered two ERP/EEG testing sessions on separate visits. Sessions included a mismatch negativity paradigm, a 40 Hz auditory steady-state response paradigm, an eyes-closed resting state EEG, and an active auditory oddball paradigm. SZ subjects were also tested on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT). RESULTS: Standardized ERP/EEG instrumentation and methods ensured few test failures. The automated data analysis pipeline allowed for near real-time analysis with no human intervention. Test-retest reliability was fair-to-excellent for most of the outcome measures. SZ subjects showed significant deficits in ERP and QEEG measures consistent with published academic literature. A subset of ERP and QEEG measures correlated with functional assessments administered to the SZ subjects. CONCLUSIONS: With standardized instrumentation and methods, complex ERP/EEG testing sessions can be reliably performed at clinical and commercial trial sites to produce high-quality data in near real-time.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.018}, Key = {fds371818} } @article{fds370049, Author = {Miller, VE and Pence, BW and Fitch, KV and Swilley-Martinez, M and Kavee, AL and Dorris, S and Cooper, T and Keil, AP and Gaynes, BN and Carey, TS and Goldston, D and Ranapurwala, S}, Title = {Hurricane Florence and suicide mortality in North Carolina: a controlled interrupted time-series analysis.}, Journal = {Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention}, Volume = {29}, Number = {2}, Pages = {180-185}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip-2022-044709}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Natural disasters are associated with increased mental health disorders and suicidal ideation; however, associations with suicide deaths are not well understood. We explored how Hurricane Florence, which made landfall in September 2018, may have impacted suicide deaths in North Carolina (NC).<h4>Methods</h4>We used publicly available NC death records data to estimate associations between Hurricane Florence and monthly suicide death rates using a controlled, interrupted time series analysis. Hurricane exposure was determined by using county-level support designations from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. We examined effect modification by sex, age group, and race/ethnicity.<h4>Results</h4>8363 suicide deaths occurred between January 2014 and December 2019. The overall suicide death rate in NC between 2014 and 2019 was 15.53 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 15.20 to 15.87). Post-Hurricane, there was a small, immediate increase in the suicide death rate among exposed counties (0.89/100 000 PY; 95% CI -2.69 to 4.48). Comparing exposed and unexposed counties, there was no sustained post-Hurricane Florence change in suicide death rate trends (0.02/100 000 PY per month; 95% CI -0.33 to 0.38). Relative to 2018, NC experienced a statewide decline in suicides in 2019. An immediate increase in suicide deaths in Hurricane-affected counties versus Hurricane-unaffected counties was observed among women, people under age 65 and non-Hispanic black individuals, but there was no sustained change in the months after Hurricane Florence.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Although results did not indicate a strong post-Hurricane Florence impact on suicide rates, subgroup analysis suggests differential impacts of Hurricane Florence on several groups, warranting future follow-up.}, Doi = {10.1136/ip-2022-044709}, Key = {fds370049} } @article{fds370717, Author = {Ruiz, JM and Bacon, SL and Bennett, GG and Brondolo, E and Czajkowski, SM and Davidson, KW and Epel, ES and Revenson, TA}, Title = {Behavioral Medicine Research Council (BMRC) Statement Papers: A New Approach to Consensus Building in Behavioral Medicine Science.}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {57}, Number = {5}, Pages = {355-356}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaac038}, Doi = {10.1093/abm/kaac038}, Key = {fds370717} } @article{fds369721, Author = {Al-Khalil, K and Bell, RP and Towe, SL and Gadde, S and Burke, E and Meade, CS}, Title = {Cortico-striatal networking deficits associated with advanced HIV disease and cocaine use.}, Journal = {Journal of Neurovirology}, Volume = {29}, Number = {2}, Pages = {167-179}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-023-01120-8}, Abstract = {Cocaine use is disproportionately prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) and is known to potentiate HIV neuropathogenesis. As both HIV and cocaine have well-documented cortico-striatal effects, PWH who use cocaine and have a history of immunosuppression may exhibit greater FC deficits compared to PWH without these conditions. However, research investigating the legacy effects of HIV immunosuppression (i.e., a history of AIDS) on cortico-striatal functional connectivity (FC) in adults with and without cocaine use is sparse. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment data from 273 adults were analyzed to examine FC in relation to HIV disease: HIV-negative (n = 104), HIV-positive with nadir CD4 ≥ 200 (n = 96), HIV-positive with nadir CD4 < 200 (AIDS; n = 73), and cocaine use (83 COC and 190 NON). Using independent component analysis/dual regression, FC was assessed between the basal ganglia network (BGN) and five cortical networks: dorsal attention network (DAN), default mode network, left executive network, right executive network, and salience network. There were significant interaction effects such that AIDS-related BGN-DAN FC deficits emerged in COC but not in NON participants. Independent of HIV, cocaine effects emerged in FC between the BGN and executive networks. Disruption of BGN-DAN FC in AIDS/COC participants is consistent with cocaine potentiation of neuro-inflammation and may be indicative of legacy HIV immunosuppressive effects. The current study bolsters previous findings linking HIV and cocaine use with cortico-striatal networking deficits. Future research should consider the effects of the duration of HIV immunosuppression and early treatment initiation.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13365-023-01120-8}, Key = {fds369721} } @article{fds362550, Author = {Cobb, AR and Rubin, M and Stote, DL and Baldwin, BC and Lee, H-J and Hariri, AR and Telch, MJ}, Title = {Hippocampal volume and volume asymmetry prospectively predict PTSD symptom emergence among Iraq-deployed soldiers.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1906-1913}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721003548}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Evidence suggests a link between smaller hippocampal volume (HV) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there has been little prospective research testing this question directly and it remains unclear whether smaller HV confers risk or is a consequence of traumatization and PTSD.<h4>Methods</h4>U.S. soldiers (<i>N</i> = 107) completed a battery of clinical assessments, including structural magnetic resonance imaging pre-deployment. Once deployed they completed monthly assessments of traumatic-stressors and symptoms. We hypothesized that smaller HV would potentiate the effects of traumatic stressors on PTSD symptoms in theater. Analyses evaluated whether total HV, lateral (right <i>v.</i> left) HV, or HV asymmetry (right - left) moderated the effects of stressor-exposure during deployment on PTSD symptoms.<h4>Results</h4>Findings revealed no interaction between total HV and average monthly traumatic-stressors on PTSD symptoms <i>b</i> = -0.028, <i>p</i> = 0.681 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.167 to 0.100]. However, in the context of greater exposure to average monthly traumatic stressors, greater right HV was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms <i>b</i> = -0.467, <i>p</i> = 0.023 (95% CI -0.786 to -0.013), whereas greater left HV was unexpectedly associated with greater PTSD symptoms <i>b</i> = 0.435, <i>p</i> = 0.024 (95% CI 0.028-0.715).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings highlight the importance of considering the complex role of HV, in particular HV asymmetry, in predicting the emergence of PTSD symptoms in response to war-zone trauma.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291721003548}, Key = {fds362550} } @article{fds369143, Author = {Wen, T and Geddert, RM and Madlon-Kay, S and Egner, T}, Title = {Transfer of Learned Cognitive Flexibility to Novel Stimuli and Task Sets.}, Journal = {Psychological Science}, Volume = {34}, Number = {4}, Pages = {435-454}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976221141854}, Abstract = {Adaptive behavior requires learning about the structure of one's environment to derive optimal action policies, and previous studies have documented transfer of such structural knowledge to bias choices in new environments. Here, we asked whether people could also acquire and transfer more abstract knowledge across different task environments, specifically expectations about cognitive control demands. Over three experiments, participants (Amazon Mechanical Turk workers; <i>N</i> = ~80 adults per group) performed a probabilistic card-sorting task in environments of either a low or high volatility of task rule changes (requiring low or high cognitive flexibility, respectively) before transitioning to a medium-volatility environment. Using reinforcement-learning modeling, we consistently found that previous exposure to high task rule volatilities led to faster adaptation to rule changes in the subsequent transfer phase. These transfers of expectations about cognitive flexibility demands were both task independent (Experiment 2) and stimulus independent (Experiment 3), thus demonstrating the formation and generalization of environmental structure knowledge to guide cognitive control.}, Doi = {10.1177/09567976221141854}, Key = {fds369143} } @article{fds368902, Author = {Johnson, SL and Rieder, A and Green, EP and Finnegan, A and Chase, RM and Zayzay, J and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Parenting in a conflict-affected setting: Discipline practices, parent-child interactions, and parenting stress in Liberia.}, Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)}, Volume = {37}, Number = {3}, Pages = {283-294}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0001041}, Abstract = {Children in conflict-affected settings are at increased risk for exposure to violence, placing particular importance on caregiving environments. This study first describes parenting in urban Liberia by evaluating parent-child interactions, the use and acceptance of harsh and nonharsh discipline, discipline preferences, and the co-occurrence of positive interactions and harsh discipline. The relationship between parenting stress and harsh discipline attitudes and behaviors is then tested. Participants included 813 parents with a child aged 3 or 4 years old. A quantitative survey battery assessed parent-child interactions; discipline practices, preferences, and attitudes; and parenting stress. Parents reported frequent use and high acceptance of nonharsh discipline, as well as frequent positive interactions with their child. Though parents reported less frequent use and low acceptance of harsh discipline, preference for harsh discipline-based on hypothetical situations rather than self-report-was common. There was co-occurrence of frequent positive interactions and frequent harsh discipline, with one third reporting high frequency of both. Regression analysis revealed greater parenting stress (β = .15, <i>t</i> = 4.49, <i>p</i> < .001) and stronger acceptance of harsh discipline (β = .47, <i>t</i> = 15.49, <i>p</i> < .001) were associated with more frequent harsh discipline. Acceptance of harsh discipline interacted with parenting stress to predict the use of harsh discipline (β = -.09, <i>t</i> = -3.09, <i>p</i> < .01). Among parents with lowest average acceptance of harsh practices, stress predicted more frequent harsh discipline, but acceptance did not moderate the association for those who are most accepting of harsh practices. Building on existing parenting strengths and addressing parenting stress could promote nurturing caregiving in conflict-affected settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/fam0001041}, Key = {fds368902} } @article{fds366205, Author = {Dong, M and Telesca, D and Sugar, C and Shic, F and Naples, A and Johnson, SP and Li, B and Atyabi, A and Xie, M and Webb, SJ and Jeste, S and Faja, S and Levin, AR and Dawson, G and McPartland, JC and Şentürk, D and Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials}, Title = {A functional model for studying common trends across trial time in eye tracking experiments.}, Journal = {Statistics in Biosciences}, Volume = {15}, Number = {1}, Pages = {261-287}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12561-022-09354-6}, Abstract = {Eye tracking (ET) experiments commonly record the continuous trajectory of a subject's gaze on a two-dimensional screen throughout repeated presentations of stimuli (referred to as trials). Even though the continuous path of gaze is recorded during each trial, commonly derived outcomes for analysis collapse the data into simple summaries, such as looking times in regions of interest, latency to looking at stimuli, number of stimuli viewed, number of fixations or fixation length. In order to retain information in trial time, we utilize functional data analysis (FDA) for the first time in literature in the analysis of ET data. More specifically, novel functional outcomes for ET data, referred to as viewing profiles, are introduced that capture the common gazing trends across trial time which are lost in traditional data summaries. Mean and variation of the proposed functional outcomes across subjects are then modeled using functional principal components analysis. Applications to data from a visual exploration paradigm conducted by the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials showcase the novel insights gained from the proposed FDA approach, including significant group differences between children diagnosed with autism and their typically developing peers in their consistency of looking at faces early on in trial time.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12561-022-09354-6}, Key = {fds366205} } @article{fds368903, Author = {Schäfer, M and B M Haun and D and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Children's consideration of collaboration and merit when making sharing decisions in private.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, Volume = {228}, Pages = {105609}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105609}, Abstract = {Young children share equally when they acquire resources through collaboration with a partner, yet it is unclear whether they do so because in such contexts resources are encountered as common and distributed in front of the recipient or because collaboration promotes a sense of work-based fairness. In the current studies, 5- and 8-year-old children from Germany (N = 193) acquired resources either by working individually alongside or by collaborating with a peer. After finding out that the partner's container was empty, they decided in private whether they wanted to donate some resources to the peer. When both partners had worked with equal efforts (Study 1), children shared more after collaboration than after individual work. When one partner had worked with much more effort than the other (Study 2), children shared more with a harder-working partner than with a less-working partner independently of whether they had collaborated or worked individually. Younger children were more generous than older children, in particular after collaboration. These findings support the view that collaboration promotes a genuine sense of fairness in young children, but they also indicate that merit-based notions of fairness in the context of work may develop independently of collaboration, at least by the beginning of middle childhood and in Western societies.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105609}, Key = {fds368903} } @article{fds370891, Author = {Chen, EE and Ma, S and Bala, M and Groves, JM and Gaither, SE}, Title = {Do we perceive ethnic ingroup members as wealthier? Examining Hong Kong children's inferences of wealth status based on resources and ethnic group membership}, Journal = {Cognitive Development}, Volume = {66}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101334}, Abstract = {The way in which children consider information may depend on the groups to which they belong and the social status those groups occupy. In three studies, we examined how children infer their peers’ wealth status based on the possessions present and ethnic group membership. We recruited 242 Hong Kong children (Mage = 5;11, SDage = 1;0) from the ethnic Chinese majority (Study 1: 115 children) and two ethnic minorities (Study 2a: 84 South Asian/Southeast Asian children; Study 2b: 43 White/Biracial children). Overall, participants were able to distinguish between low- and high-wealth items, and make correct wealth-based inferences. Compared to both groups of ethnic minority children, ethnic majority children tend to judge their ingroup peers as wealthier even when they possessed fewer resources than outgroup peers. Thus, children inferred peer wealth status based on the resources present, but such inference was impacted by their own ethnic group membership and socioeconomic status.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101334}, Key = {fds370891} } @article{fds369077, Author = {Partington, S and Nichols, S and Kushnir, T}, Title = {Rational learners and parochial norms.}, Journal = {Cognition}, Volume = {233}, Pages = {105366}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105366}, Abstract = {Parochial norms are narrow in social scope, meaning they apply to certain groups but not to others. Accounts of norm acquisition typically invoke tribal biases: from an early age, people assume a group's behavioral regularities are prescribed and bounded by mere group membership. However, another possibility is rational learning: given the available evidence, people infer the social scope of norms in statistically appropriate ways. With this paper, we introduce a rational learning account of parochial norm acquisition and test a unique prediction that it makes. In one study with adults (N = 480) and one study with children ages 5- to 8-years-old (N = 120), participants viewed violations of a novel rule sampled from one of two unfamiliar social groups. We found that adults judgments of social scope - whether the rule applied only to the sampled group (parochial scope), or other groups (inclusive scope) - were appropriately sensitive to the relevant features of their statistical evidence (Study 1). In children (Study 2) we found an age difference: 7- to 8-year-olds used statistical evidence to infer that norms were parochial or inclusive, whereas 5- to 6-year olds were overall inclusive regardless of statistical evidence. A Bayesian analysis shows a possible inclusivity bias: adults and children inferred inclusive rules more frequently than predicted by a naïve Bayesian model with unbiased priors. This work highlights that tribalist biases in social cognition are not necessary to explain the acquisition of parochial norms.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105366}, Key = {fds369077} } @article{fds370724, Author = {Feber, L and Peter, N and Schneider-Thoma, J and Siafis, S and Bighelli, I and Hansen, W-P and Prates Baldez and D and Salanti, G and Keefe, RSE and Engel, RR and Leucht, S}, Title = {Antipsychotic drugs and their effects on cognitive function: protocol for a systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis.}, Journal = {Systematic Reviews}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {54}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02213-5}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is evidence that antipsychotic drugs differ in their effect on the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. So far, there is no comprehensive systematic review available that would enable providers and patients to make informed choices regarding this important aspect of treatment. With a large number of substances available, conventional pairwise meta-analyses will not be sufficient to inform this choice. To fill this gap, we will conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA), integrating direct and indirect comparisons from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to rank antipsychotics according to their effect on cognitive functioning. METHODS: In our NMA, we will include RCTs in patients with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses comparing one antipsychotic agent with another antipsychotic agent or placebo that measures cognitive function. We will include studies on patients of every age group, in any phase of illness (e.g., acute or stable, first episode or chronic schizophrenia, in- or outpatients) with an intervention time of at least 3 weeks. The primary outcome will be the composite score of cognitive functioning, preferentially measured with the test battery developed by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative. The secondary outcomes include the seven cognitive domains that the composite score is composed of, as well as functioning and quality of life. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted by at least two independent reviewers. We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 to determine the risk of bias in studies, and we will evaluate the confidence in the results using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). We will perform NMA using R (package netmeta). We will conduct subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore the heterogeneity and assess the robustness of our findings. DISCUSSION: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to inform evidence-based antipsychotic treatment choice for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients by analyzing existing RCTs on this subject. The results have the potential to support patients' and physicians' decision-making processes based on the latest available evidence. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022312483.}, Doi = {10.1186/s13643-023-02213-5}, Key = {fds370724} } @article{fds370044, Author = {Mayhew, M and Balderson, BH and Cook, AJ and Dickerson, JF and Elder, CR and Firemark, AJ and Haller, IV and Justice, M and Keefe, FJ and McMullen, CK and O'Keeffe-Rosetti, MC and Owen-Smith, AA and Rini, C and Schneider, JL and Von Korff and M and Wandner, LD and DeBar, LL}, Title = {Comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of remote (telehealth and online) cognitive behavioral therapy-based treatments for high-impact chronic pain relative to usual care: study protocol for the RESOLVE multisite randomized control trial.}, Journal = {Trials}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {196}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07165-8}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is an effective but underused treatment for high-impact chronic pain. Increased access to CBT-CP services for pain is of critical public health importance, particularly for rural and medically underserved populations who have limited access due to these services being concentrated in urban and high income areas. Making CBT-CP widely available and more affordable could reduce barriers to CBT-CP use. METHODS: As part of the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-term® (NIH HEAL) initiative, we designed and implemented a comparative effectiveness, 3-arm randomized control trial comparing remotely delivered telephonic/video and online CBT-CP-based services to usual care for patients with high-impact chronic pain. The RESOLVE trial is being conducted in 4 large integrated healthcare systems located in Minnesota, Georgia, Oregon, and Washington state and includes demographically diverse populations residing in urban and rural areas. The trial compares (1) an 8-session, one-on-one, professionally delivered telephonic/video CBT-CP program; and (2) a previously developed and tested 8-session online CBT-CP-based program (painTRAINER) to (3) usual care augmented by a written guide for chronic pain management. Participants are followed for 1 year post-allocation and are assessed at baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months post-allocation. The primary outcome is minimal clinically important difference (MCID; ≥ 30% reduction) in pain severity (composite of pain intensity and pain-related interference) assessed by a modified 11-item version of the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form at 3 months. Secondary outcomes include pain severity, pain intensity, and pain-related interference scores, quality of life measures, and patient global impression of change at 3, 6, and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness is assessed by incremental cost per additional patient with MCID in primary outcome and by cost per quality-adjusted life year achieved. Outcome assessment is blinded to group assignment. DISCUSSION: This large-scale trial provides a unique opportunity to rigorously evaluate and compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of 2 relatively low-cost and scalable modalities for providing CBT-CP-based treatments to persons with high-impact chronic pain, including those residing in rural and other medically underserved areas with limited access to these services. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04523714. This trial was registered on 24 August 2020.}, Doi = {10.1186/s13063-023-07165-8}, Key = {fds370044} } @article{fds365720, Author = {Gjorgieva, E and Geib, BR and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {The influence of imagery vividness and internally-directed attention on the neural mechanisms underlying the encoding of visual mental images into episodic memory.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, Volume = {33}, Number = {6}, Pages = {3207-3220}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac270}, Abstract = {Attention can be directed externally toward sensory information or internally toward self-generated information. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the attentional processes underlying the formation and encoding of self-generated mental images into episodic memory. Participants viewed flickering words referring to common objects and were tasked with forming visual mental images of the objects and rating their vividness. Subsequent memory for the presented object words was assessed using an old-new recognition task. Internally-directed attention during image generation was indexed as a reduction in steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), oscillatory EEG responses at the frequency of a flickering stimulus. The results yielded 3 main findings. First, SSVEP power driven by the flickering word stimuli decreased as subjects directed attention internally to form the corresponding mental image. Second, SSVEP power returned to pre-imagery baseline more slowly for low- than high-vividness later remembered items, suggesting that longer internally-directed attention is required to generate subsequently remembered low-vividness images. Finally, the event-related-potential difference due to memory was more sustained for subsequently remembered low- versus high-vividness items, suggesting that additional conceptual processing may have been needed to remember the low-vividness visual images. Taken together, the results clarify the neural mechanisms supporting the encoding of self-generated information.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhac270}, Key = {fds365720} } @article{fds365726, Author = {Gjorgieva, E and Geib, BR and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {The influence of imagery vividness and internally-directed attention on the neural mechanisms underlying the encoding of visual mental images into episodic memory.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, Volume = {33}, Number = {6}, Pages = {3207-3220}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac270}, Abstract = {Attention can be directed externally toward sensory information or internally toward self-generated information. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the attentional processes underlying the formation and encoding of self-generated mental images into episodic memory. Participants viewed flickering words referring to common objects and were tasked with forming visual mental images of the objects and rating their vividness. Subsequent memory for the presented object words was assessed using an old-new recognition task. Internally-directed attention during image generation was indexed as a reduction in steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), oscillatory EEG responses at the frequency of a flickering stimulus. The results yielded 3 main findings. First, SSVEP power driven by the flickering word stimuli decreased as subjects directed attention internally to form the corresponding mental image. Second, SSVEP power returned to pre-imagery baseline more slowly for low- than high-vividness later remembered items, suggesting that longer internally-directed attention is required to generate subsequently remembered low-vividness images. Finally, the event-related-potential difference due to memory was more sustained for subsequently remembered low- versus high-vividness items, suggesting that additional conceptual processing may have been needed to remember the low-vividness visual images. Taken together, the results clarify the neural mechanisms supporting the encoding of self-generated information.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhac270}, Key = {fds365726} } @article{fds370725, Author = {Kendler, KS and Keefe, RSE and Ohlsson, H and Sundquist, J and Sundquist, K}, Title = {Risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders as a function of transitions in Sweden's public educational system: a national study.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Pages = {1-8}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329172300048X}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: To clarify, in a national sample, associations between risk for seven psychiatric and substance use disorders and five key transitions in Sweden's public educational system. METHODS: Swedish-born individuals (1972-1995, N = 1 997 910) were followed through 12-31-2018, at mean age 34.9. We predicted, from these educational transitions, risk for major depression (MD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), anorexia nervosa (AN), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD), assessed from Swedish national registers, by Cox regression, censoring individuals with onsets ⩽17. We also predicted risk from the deviation of grades from family-genetic expectations (deviation 1) and from changes in grades from ages 16 to 19 (deviation 2). RESULTS: We observed four major risk patterns across transitions in our disorders: (i) MD and BD, (ii) OCD and SZ, (iii) AUD and DUD, and (iv) AN. Failing early educational transitions had the greatest impact on risk for OCD and SZ while for other disorders, not progressing from basic to upper high school had the largest effect. Completing vocational v. college-prep upper high school was strongly associated with risk for AUD and DUD, had little relation with MD, OCD, BD, and SZ risk, and was protective for AN. Deviation 1 predicted risk most strongly for SZ, AN, and MD. Deviation 2 predicted risk most strongly for SZ, AUD, and DUD. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of educational transitions and within family and within person development deviations are strongly and relatively specifically associated with future risk for seven psychiatric and substance-use disorders.}, Doi = {10.1017/S003329172300048X}, Key = {fds370725} } @article{fds369952, Author = {Pisani, A and Connor, K and Van Orden and K and Jordan, N and Landes, S and Curran, G and McDermott, M and Ertefaie, A and Kelberman, C and Ramanathan, S and Carruthers, J and Mossgraber, K and Goldston, D}, Title = {Effectiveness of a targeted brief intervention for recent suicide attempt survivors: a randomised controlled trial protocol.}, Journal = {Bmj Open}, Volume = {13}, Number = {3}, Pages = {e070105}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070105}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Effective, brief, low-cost interventions for suicide attempt survivors are essential to saving lives and achieving the goals of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention and Zero Suicide. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP) in averting suicide reattempts in the United States healthcare system, its psychological mechanisms as predicted by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, and the potential implementation costs, barriers and facilitators for delivering it. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial (RCT). ASSIP is delivered at three outpatient mental healthcare clinics in New York State. Participant referral sites include three local hospitals with inpatient and comprehensive psychiatric emergency services, and outpatient mental health clinics. Participants include 400 adults who have had a recent suicide attempt. All are randomised to 'Zero Suicide-Usual Care plus ASSIP' or 'Zero Suicide-Usual Care'. Randomisation is stratified by sex and whether the index attempt is a first suicide attempt or not. Participants complete assessments at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 12 and, 18 months. The primary outcome is the time from randomisation to the first suicide reattempt. Prior to the RCT, a 23-person open trial took place, in which 13 participants received 'Zero Suicide-Usual Care plus ASSIP' and 14 completed the first follow-up time point. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is overseen by the University of Rochester, with single Institutional Review Board (#3353) reliance agreements from Nathan Kline Institute (#1561697) and SUNY Upstate Medical University (#1647538). It has an established Data and Safety Monitoring Board. Results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals, presented at scientific conferences, and communicated to referral organisations. Clinics considering ASSIP may use a stakeholder report generated by this study, including incremental cost-effectiveness data from the provider point of view. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03894462.}, Doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070105}, Key = {fds369952} } @article{fds368085, Author = {Pinhas, M and Paulsen, DJ and Woldorff, MG and Brannon, EM}, Title = {Neurophysiological signatures of approximate number system acuity in preschoolers.}, Journal = {Trends in Neuroscience and Education}, Volume = {30}, Pages = {100197}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2022.100197}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A hallmark of the approximate number system (ANS) is ratio dependence. Previous work identified specific event-related potentials (ERPs) that are modulated by numerical ratio throughout the lifespan. In adults, ERP ratio dependence was correlated with the precision of the numerical judgments with individuals who make more precise judgments showing larger ratio-dependent ERP effects. The current study evaluated if this relationship generalizes to preschoolers. METHOD: ERPs were recorded from 56 4.5 to 5.5-year-olds while they compared the numerosity of two sequentially presented dot arrays. Nonverbal numerical precision, often called ANS acuity, was assessed using a similar behavioral task. RESULTS: Only children with high ANS acuity exhibited a P2p ratio-dependent effect onsetting ∼250 ms after the presentation of the comparison dot array. Furthermore, P2p amplitude positively correlated with ANS acuity across tasks. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate developmental continuity between preschool years and adulthood in the neural basis of the ANS.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.tine.2022.100197}, Key = {fds368085} } @article{fds371820, Author = {Guryan, J and Ludwig, J and Bhatt, MP and Cook, PJ and Davis, JMV and Dodge, K and Farkas, G and Fryer, RG and Mayer, S and Pollack, H and Steinberg, L and Stoddard, G}, Title = {Not Too Late: Improving Academic Outcomes among Adolescents}, Journal = {American Economic Review}, Volume = {113}, Number = {3}, Pages = {738-765}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210434}, Abstract = {Improving academic outcomes for economically disadvantaged students has proven challenging, particularly for children at older ages. We present two large-scale randomized controlled trials of a high-dosage tutoring program delivered to secondary school students in Chicago. One innovation is to use paraprofessional tutors to hold down cost, thereby increasing scalability. Participating in math tutoring increases math test scores by 0.18 to 0.40 standard deviations and increases math and nonmath course grades. These effects persist into future years. The data are consistent with increased personalization of instruction as a mechanism. The benefit- cost ratio is comparable to many successful early childhood programs.(JEL H75, I21, I24, I26, I32, J13, J15).}, Doi = {10.1257/aer.20210434}, Key = {fds371820} } @article{fds371568, Author = {Stone, AR and Marsh, EJ}, Title = {Belief in COVID-19 misinformation: Hopeful claims are rated as truer}, Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology}, Volume = {37}, Number = {2}, Pages = {399-408}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.4042}, Abstract = {Misinformation surrounding COVID-19 spread rapidly and widely, posing a significant threat to public health. Here, we examined whether some types of misinformation are more believable than others, to the extent that they offer people hope in uncertain times. An initial group of subjects rated a series of COVID-19 misinformation statements for whether each made them feel more or less hopeful (if true). Based on these ratings, we selected two sets of misinformation that differed in their average rated hopefulness; the two sets did not differ in word length or reading ease. In two studies, people rated their belief in each statement. Results from both studies revealed that people rated the more hopeful misinformation (e.g., COVID cures and prevention methods) as truer than less hopeful misinformation (e.g., transmission vectors). These findings are consistent with a motivated reasoning account of misinformation acceptance.}, Doi = {10.1002/acp.4042}, Key = {fds371568} } @article{fds370045, Author = {Burns, JW and Jensen, MP and Gerhart, J and Thorn, BE and Lillis, TA and Carmody, J and Keefe, F}, Title = {Cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and behavior therapy for people with chronic low back pain: A comparative mechanisms study.}, Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, Volume = {91}, Number = {3}, Pages = {171-187}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000801}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Cognitive therapy (CT), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), and behavior therapy (BT) for chronic pain treatment produce outcome improvements. Evidence also suggests that changes in putative therapeutic mechanisms are associated with changes in outcomes. Nonetheless, methodological limitations preclude clear understanding of how psychosocial chronic pain treatments work. In this comparative mechanism study, we examined evidence for specific and shared mechanism effects across the three treatments. METHOD: CT, MBSR, BT, and treatment as usual (TAU) were compared in people with chronic low back pain (N = 521). Eight individual sessions were administered with weekly assessments of "specific" mechanisms (pain catastrophizing, mindfulness, behavior activation) and outcomes. RESULTS: CT, MBSR, and BT produced similar pre- to posttreatment effects on all mechanism variables, and all three active treatments produced greater improvements than TAU. Participant ratings of expectations of benefit and working alliance were similar across treatments. Lagged and cross-lagged analyses revealed that prior week changes in both mechanism and outcome factors predicted next week changes in their counterparts. Analyses of variance contributions suggested that changes in pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were consistent unique predictors of subsequent outcome changes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the operation of shared mechanisms over specific ones. Given significant lagged and cross-lagged effects, unidirectional conceptualizations-mechanism to outcome-need to be expanded to include reciprocal effects. Thus, prior week changes in pain-related cognitions could predict next week changes in pain interference which in turn could predict next week changes in pain-related cognitions, in what may be an upward spiral of improvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/ccp0000801}, Key = {fds370045} } @article{fds369896, Author = {Rabner, JC and Olino, TM and Albano, AM and Ginsburg, GS and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Gosch, E and Kendall, PC}, Title = {Do youth anxiety measures assess the same construct consistently throughout treatment? Results are...complicated.}, Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01515-y}, Abstract = {Interventionists interpret changes in symptoms as reflecting response to treatment. However, changes in symptom functioning and the measurement of the underlying constructs may be reflected in reported change. Longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) is a statistical approach that assesses the degree to which measures consistently capture the same construct over time. We examined LMI in measures of anxiety severity/symptoms [i.e., Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED)] in anxious youth at baseline and posttreatment. Initial fit was inadequate for 27 of 38 baseline and posttreatment models, but model modifications resulted in acceptable fit. Tests of LMI supported scalar invariance for the PARS and many, but not all, MASC and SCARED subscales. Findings suggest that the PARS, and many MASC and SCARED subscales can accurately be used to measure change over time, however, others may reflect changes in measurement properties.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10578-023-01515-y}, Key = {fds369896} } @article{fds367788, Author = {Coles, TM and Lucas, N and McFatrich, M and Henke, D and Ridgeway, JL and Behnken, EM and Weinfurt, K and Reeve, BB and Corneli, A and Dunlay, SM and Spertus, JA and Lin, L and Piña, IL and Bocell, FD and Tarver, ME and Dohse, H and Saha, A and Caldwell, B}, Title = {Investigating gender-based differential item functioning on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) using qualitative content analysis.}, Journal = {Qual Life Res}, Volume = {32}, Number = {3}, Pages = {841-852}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03276-y}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential gender-based differences in interpreting the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-23) and to explore if there are aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) not captured by the KCCQ-23 that are important to assess in men and/or women with heart failure (HF). METHODS: Patients ≥ 22 years of age with clinician-diagnosed HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40% were recruited from two academic medical centers to participate in semi-structured concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews. Enrollment was stratified by patient-identified gender (half women/half men). All interviews were conducted over the phone/web and audio recorded. Interviews were transcribed and descriptive qualitative content analysis was used to summarize findings overall and by gender. RESULTS: Twenty-five adults (56% women) diagnosed with HF participated. The average age was 67 years (range: 25-88). Women attributed a wider variety of symptoms to HF than men. Some participants had difficulty differentiating whether their experiences were due to HF, side effects of their medications, or age. We found very little evidence that participants interpreted KCCQ-23 items differently based on gender. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings indicate that interpretation of the KCCQ-23 items were similar in men and women. However, some modifications to items may improve clarity of interpretation for a wide range of patients.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11136-022-03276-y}, Key = {fds367788} } @article{fds369096, Author = {Marsolo, KA and Weinfurt, KP and Staman, KL and Hammill, BG}, Title = {Moving From Idealism to Realism With Data Sharing.}, Journal = {Ann Intern Med}, Volume = {176}, Number = {3}, Pages = {402-403}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M22-2973}, Doi = {10.7326/M22-2973}, Key = {fds369096} } @article{fds369236, Author = {Staman, KL and Check, DK and Zatzick, D and Mor, V and Fritz, JM and Sluka, K and DeBar, LL and Jarvik, JG and Volandes, A and Coronado, GD and Chambers, DA and Weinfurt, KP and George, SZ}, Title = {Intervention delivery for embedded pragmatic clinical trials: Development of a tool to measure complexity.}, Journal = {Contemp Clin Trials}, Volume = {126}, Pages = {107105}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2023.107105}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Conducting an embedded pragmatic clinical trial in the workflow of a healthcare system is a complex endeavor. The complexity of the intervention delivery can have implications for study planning, ability to maintain fidelity to the intervention during the trial, and/or ability to detect meaningful differences in outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a literature review, developed a tool, and conducted two rounds of phone calls with NIH Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory Demonstration Project principal investigators to develop the Intervention Delivery Complexity Tool. After refining the tool, we piloted it with Collaboratory demonstration projects and developed an online version of the tool using the R Shiny application (https://duke-som.shinyapps.io/ICT-ePCT/). RESULTS: The 6-item tool consists of internal and external factors. Internal factors pertain to the intervention itself and include workflow, training, and the number of intervention components. External factors are related to intervention delivery at the system level including differences in healthcare systems, the dependency on setting for implementation, and the number of steps between the intervention and the outcome. CONCLUSION: The Intervention Delivery Complexity Tool was developed as a standard way to overcome communication challenges of intervention delivery within an embedded pragmatic trial. This version of the tool is most likely to be useful to the trial team and its health system partners during trial planning and conduct. We expect further evolution of the tool as more pragmatic trials are conducted and feedback is received on its performance outside of the NIH Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2023.107105}, Key = {fds369236} } @article{fds368070, Author = {Lay-Yee, R and Matthews, T and Moffitt, T and Poulton, R and Caspi, A and Milne, B}, Title = {Are trajectories of social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood associated with adult depression or suicide outcomes.}, Journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology}, Volume = {58}, Number = {3}, Pages = {373-382}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02389-6}, Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>Social isolation has been shown to have negative effects on mental health outcomes though little is known about trajectories across the life course. We examined the relationship between trajectory groups and selected mental health outcomes in mid-adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>We previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: 'never-isolated', 'adult-only', 'child-only', and 'persistent (child-adult) isolation'. We undertook logistic regression analyses of three mental health outcomes with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex and a range of familial and child-behavioural factors.<h4>Results</h4>Lifetime suicide attempt, and depression and suicide ideation in mid-adulthood were each associated with adult-only but not child-only social isolation. Depression in mid-adulthood was also associated with persistent child-adult social isolation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Although our findings are associational and not causal, they indicate that interrupting persistent social isolation may help to prevent adult depression whereas halting adult social isolation may ameliorate both depression and suicide outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1007/s00127-022-02389-6}, Key = {fds368070} } @article{fds368071, Author = {Lay-Yee, R and Matthews, T and Moffitt, T and Poulton, R and Caspi, A and Milne, B}, Title = {Are trajectories of social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood associated with adult depression or suicide outcomes.}, Journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology}, Volume = {58}, Number = {3}, Pages = {373-382}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-022-02389-6}, Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>Social isolation has been shown to have negative effects on mental health outcomes though little is known about trajectories across the life course. We examined the relationship between trajectory groups and selected mental health outcomes in mid-adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>We previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: 'never-isolated', 'adult-only', 'child-only', and 'persistent (child-adult) isolation'. We undertook logistic regression analyses of three mental health outcomes with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex and a range of familial and child-behavioural factors.<h4>Results</h4>Lifetime suicide attempt, and depression and suicide ideation in mid-adulthood were each associated with adult-only but not child-only social isolation. Depression in mid-adulthood was also associated with persistent child-adult social isolation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Although our findings are associational and not causal, they indicate that interrupting persistent social isolation may help to prevent adult depression whereas halting adult social isolation may ameliorate both depression and suicide outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1007/s00127-022-02389-6}, Key = {fds368071} } @article{fds369784, Author = {Hodgdon, HB and Lord, KA and Suvak, MK and Martin, L and Briggs, EC and Beserra, K}, Title = {Predictors of symptom severity and change among youth in trauma-informed residential care.}, Journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, Volume = {137}, Pages = {106056}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106056}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trauma-informed residential care is an intensive intervention setting for youth, but research on its effectiveness is limited and yields mixed findings. OBJECTIVES: The study aims were to; 1) evaluate change over time of mental health (MH) symptoms over 21 months of trauma-informed residential care, and 2) examine the influence of demographic and risk factor variables (e.g. age, gender, trauma and placement history) on baseline symptoms and treatment response. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 547 youth ages 12 to18 in trauma-informed residential care (M age = 15.84 (SD = 1.56), 43.2 % male) were examined, with notable attrition over the study period. METHOD: Latent curve analysis (LCA) was used to estimate MH symptom severity at intake and change during 21 months (8 assessments total, intake and every 3 months) of care. RESULTS: Trauma-informed residential care was associated with significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD (d = -0.76), depression (d = -0.59), dissociation (d = -0.60), psychological dysregulation (d = -0.94), and externalizing (d = -0.31), but not internalizing (d = 0.01) problems. Females had greater symptoms at intake across multiple indicators and showed equivalent or greater treatment response than males, although both groups improved. Neither cumulative trauma nor previous placement were associated with attenuated treatment response, but trauma history was positively associated with severity of multiple clinical measures at intake. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma-informed residential treatment can lead to reductions in clinical symptoms, even among multiply trauma-impacted youth. The extent of youth's trauma history did not negatively influence treatment response.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106056}, Key = {fds369784} } @article{fds370065, Author = {O'Connor, EE and Sullivan, EV and Chang, L and Hammoud, DA and Wilson, TW and Ragin, AB and Meade, CS and Coughlin, J and Ances, BM}, Title = {Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.}, Journal = {The Journal of Infectious Diseases}, Volume = {227}, Number = {Suppl 1}, Pages = {S16-S29}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac387}, Abstract = {Before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and HIV encephalopathy marked by profound structural and functional alterations detectable with neuroimaging. Treatment with antiretroviral therapy nearly eliminated CNS opportunistic infections, while neuropsychiatric impairment and peripheral nerve and organ damage have persisted among virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH), suggesting ongoing brain injury. Neuroimaging research must use methods sensitive for detecting subtle HIV-associated brain structural and functional abnormalities, while allowing for adjustments for potential confounders, such as age, sex, substance use, hepatitis C coinfection, cardiovascular risk, and others. Here, we review existing and emerging neuroimaging tools that demonstrated promise in detecting markers of HIV-associated brain pathology and explore strategies to study the impact of potential confounding factors on these brain measures. We emphasize neuroimaging approaches that may be used in parallel to gather complementary information, allowing efficient detection and interpretation of altered brain structure and function associated with suboptimal clinical outcomes among virally suppressed PWH. We examine the advantages of each imaging modality and systematic approaches in study design and analysis. We also consider advantages of combining experimental and statistical control techniques to improve sensitivity and specificity of biotype identification and explore the costs and benefits of aggregating data from multiple studies to achieve larger sample sizes, enabling use of emerging methods for combining and analyzing large, multifaceted data sets. Many of the topics addressed in this article were discussed at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting "Biotypes of CNS Complications in People Living with HIV," held in October 2021, and are part of ongoing research initiatives to define the role of neuroimaging in emerging alternative approaches to identifying biotypes of CNS complications in PWH. An outcome of these considerations may be the development of a common neuroimaging protocol available for researchers to use in future studies examining neurological changes in the brains of PWH.}, Doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiac387}, Key = {fds370065} } @article{fds369379, Author = {Daw, TB and El-Nahal, HG and Basso, MA and Jun, EJ and Bautista, AR and Samulski, RJ and Sommer, MA and Bohlen, MO}, Title = {Direct Comparison of Epifluorescence and Immunostaining for Assessing Viral Mediated Gene Expression in the Primate Brain.}, Journal = {Human Gene Therapy}, Volume = {34}, Number = {5-6}, Pages = {228-246}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hum.2022.194}, Abstract = {Viral vector technologies are commonly used in neuroscience research to understand and manipulate neural circuits, but successful applications of these technologies in non-human primate models have been inconsistent. An essential component to improve these technologies is an impartial and accurate assessment of the effectiveness of different viral constructs in the primate brain. We tested a diverse array of viral vectors delivered to the brain and extraocular muscles of macaques and compared three methods for histological assessment of viral-mediated fluorescent transgene expression: epifluorescence (Epi), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Importantly, IF and IHC identified a greater number of transduced neurons compared to Epi. Furthermore, IF and IHC reliably provided enhanced visualization of transgene in most cellular compartments (<i>i.e.</i>, dendritic, axonal, and terminal fields), whereas the degree of labeling provided by Epi was inconsistent and predominantly restricted to somas and apical dendrites. Because Epi signals are unamplified (in contrast to IF and IHC), Epi may provide a more veridical assessment for the amount of accumulated transgene and, thus, the potential to chemogenetically or optogenetically manipulate neuronal activity. The comparatively weak Epi signals suggest that the current generations of viral constructs, regardless of delivered transgene, are not optimized for primates. This reinforces an emerging viewpoint that viral vectors tailored for the primate brain are necessary for basic research and human gene therapy.}, Doi = {10.1089/hum.2022.194}, Key = {fds369379} } @article{fds369341, Author = {Boone, T and Van Rooy and N and De Brigard and F}, Title = {Not Every Thing Must Go.}, Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Volume = {35}, Number = {3}, Pages = {376-379}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01931}, Abstract = {In The Entangled Brain, Pessoa criticizes standard approaches in cognitive neuroscience in which the brain is seen as a functionally decomposable, modular system with causal operations built up hierarchically. Instead, he advocates for an emergentist perspective whereby dynamic brain networks are associated, not with traditional psychological categories, but with behavioral functions characterized in evolutionary terms. Here, we raise a number of concerns with such a radical approach. We ultimately believe that although much revision to cognitive neuroscience is welcome and needed, Pessoa's more radical proposals may be counterproductive.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01931}, Key = {fds369341} } @article{fds367885, Author = {Dawson, G and Rieder, AD and Johnson, MH}, Title = {Prediction of autism in infants: progress and challenges.}, Journal = {Lancet Neurol}, Volume = {22}, Number = {3}, Pages = {244-254}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00407-0}, Abstract = {Autism spectrum disorder (henceforth autism) is a neurodevelopmental condition that can be reliably diagnosed in children by age 18-24 months. Prospective longitudinal studies of infants aged 1 year and younger who are later diagnosed with autism are elucidating the early developmental course of autism and identifying ways of predicting autism before diagnosis is possible. Studies that use MRI, EEG, and near-infrared spectroscopy have identified differences in brain development in infants later diagnosed with autism compared with infants without autism. Retrospective studies of infants younger than 1 year who received a later diagnosis of autism have also showed an increased prevalence of health conditions, such as sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and vision problems. Behavioural features of infants later diagnosed with autism include differences in attention, vocalisations, gestures, affect, temperament, social engagement, sensory processing, and motor abilities. Although research findings offer insight on promising screening approaches for predicting autism in infants, individual-level predictions remain a future goal. Multiple scientific challenges and ethical questions remain to be addressed to translate research on early brain-based and behavioural predictors of autism into feasible and reliable screening tools for clinical practice.}, Doi = {10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00407-0}, Key = {fds367885} } @article{fds367924, Author = {Bulgarelli, F and Bergelson, E}, Title = {Talker variability is not always the right noise: 14 month olds struggle to learn dissimilar word-object pairs under talker variability conditions.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, Volume = {227}, Pages = {105575}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105575}, Abstract = {Seminal work by Stager & Werker (1997) finds that 14-month-olds can rapidly learn two word-object pairings if the words are distinct (e.g. "neem" and "lif") but not similar (e.g. the minimal pair "bih" and "dih"). More recently, studies have found that adding talker variability during exposure to new word-object pairs lets 14-month-olds succeed on the more challenging minimal pair task, presumably due to talker variability highlighting the "relevant" consistencies between the similar words (Rost & McMurray, 2009; Galle et al., 2015; Hohle et al., 2020). It remains an open question, however, whether talker variability would be similarly useful for learning new word-object pairings when the words themselves are already distinct, or whether instead this extra variability may extinguish learning due to increased task demands. We find evidence for the latter. Namely, in our sample of 54 English-learning 14-month-olds, training infants on two word-object pairings (e.g. "neem" with a dog toy and "lof" with a kitchen tool) only led them to notice when the words and objects were switched if they were trained with single-speaker identical word tokens. When the training featured talker variability (from one or multiple talkers) infants failed to learn the pairings. We suggest that when talker variability is not necessary to highlight the invariant differences between similar words, it may actually increase task difficulty, making it harder for infants to determine what to attend to in the earliest phases of word learning.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105575}, Key = {fds367924} } @article{fds369662, Author = {Bilbo, S and Smith, C and Rendina, D and Kingsbury, M and Malacon, K and Nguyen, D and Tran, J and Devlin, B and Raju, R and Clark, M and Burgett, L and Zhang, J and Cetinbas, M and Sadreyev, R and Chen, K and Iyer, M}, Title = {Microbial modulation prevents the effects of pervasive environmental stressors on microglia and social behavior, but not the dopamine system.}, Journal = {Res Sq}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2548369/v1}, Abstract = {Environmental toxicant exposure, including air pollution, is increasing worldwide. However, toxicant exposures are not equitably distributed. Rather, low-income and minority communities bear the greatest burden, along with higher levels of psychosocial stress. Both air pollution and maternal stress during pregnancy have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, but biological mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that combined prenatal exposure to air pollution (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) and maternal stress (MS) in mice induces social behavior deficits only in male offspring, in line with the male bias in autism. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by changes in microglial morphology and gene expression as well as decreased dopamine receptor expression and dopaminergic fiber input in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Importantly, the gut-brain axis has been implicated in ASD, and both microglia and the dopamine system are sensitive to the composition of the gut microbiome. In line with this, we find that the composition of the gut microbiome and the structure of the intestinal epithelium are significantly shifted in DEP/MS-exposed males. Excitingly, both the DEP/MS-induced social deficits and microglial alterations in males are prevented by shifting the gut microbiome at birth via a cross-fostering procedure. However, while social deficits in DEP/MS males can be reversed by chemogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, modulation of the gut microbiome does not impact dopamine endpoints. These findings demonstrate male-specific changes in the gut-brain axis following DEP/MS and suggest that the gut microbiome is an important modulator of both social behavior and microglia.}, Doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-2548369/v1}, Key = {fds369662} } @article{fds369350, Author = {Perochon, S and Matias Di Martino and J and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Espinosa, S and Franz, L and Rieder, AD and Sullivan, C and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {A tablet-based game for the assessment of visual motor skills in autistic children.}, Journal = {Npj Digital Medicine}, Volume = {6}, Number = {1}, Pages = {17}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00762-6}, Abstract = {Increasing evidence suggests that early motor impairments are a common feature of autism. Thus, scalable, quantitative methods for measuring motor behavior in young autistic children are needed. This work presents an engaging and scalable assessment of visual-motor abilities based on a bubble-popping game administered on a tablet. Participants are 233 children ranging from 1.5 to 10 years of age (147 neurotypical children and 86 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [autistic], of which 32 are also diagnosed with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [autistic+ADHD]). Computer vision analyses are used to extract several game-based touch features, which are compared across autistic, autistic+ADHD, and neurotypical participants. Results show that younger (1.5-3 years) autistic children pop the bubbles at a lower rate, and their ability to touch the bubble's center is less accurate compared to neurotypical children. When they pop a bubble, their finger lingers for a longer period, and they show more variability in their performance. In older children (3-10-years), consistent with previous research, the presence of co-occurring ADHD is associated with greater motor impairment, reflected in lower accuracy and more variable performance. Several motor features are correlated with standardized assessments of fine motor and cognitive abilities, as evaluated by an independent clinical assessment. These results highlight the potential of touch-based games as an efficient and scalable approach for assessing children's visual-motor skills, which can be part of a broader screening tool for identifying early signs associated with autism.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41746-023-00762-6}, Key = {fds369350} } @article{fds369254, Author = {Perochon, S and Matias Di Martino and J and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Espinosa, S and Franz, L and Rieder, AD and Sullivan, C and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {A tablet-based game for the assessment of visual motor skills in autistic children.}, Journal = {Npj Digital Medicine}, Volume = {6}, Number = {1}, Pages = {17}, Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00762-6}, Abstract = {Increasing evidence suggests that early motor impairments are a common feature of autism. Thus, scalable, quantitative methods for measuring motor behavior in young autistic children are needed. This work presents an engaging and scalable assessment of visual-motor abilities based on a bubble-popping game administered on a tablet. Participants are 233 children ranging from 1.5 to 10 years of age (147 neurotypical children and 86 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [autistic], of which 32 are also diagnosed with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [autistic+ADHD]). Computer vision analyses are used to extract several game-based touch features, which are compared across autistic, autistic+ADHD, and neurotypical participants. Results show that younger (1.5-3 years) autistic children pop the bubbles at a lower rate, and their ability to touch the bubble's center is less accurate compared to neurotypical children. When they pop a bubble, their finger lingers for a longer period, and they show more variability in their performance. In older children (3-10-years), consistent with previous research, the presence of co-occurring ADHD is associated with greater motor impairment, reflected in lower accuracy and more variable performance. Several motor features are correlated with standardized assessments of fine motor and cognitive abilities, as evaluated by an independent clinical assessment. These results highlight the potential of touch-based games as an efficient and scalable approach for assessing children's visual-motor skills, which can be part of a broader screening tool for identifying early signs associated with autism.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41746-023-00762-6}, Key = {fds369254} } @article{fds367718, Author = {Hawkey, AB and Evans, J and Holloway, ZR and Pippen, E and Jarrett, O and Kenou, B and Slotkin, TA and Seidler, FJ and Levin, ED}, Title = {Developmental exposure to the flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate, causes long-lasting neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunction.}, Journal = {Birth Defects Research}, Volume = {115}, Number = {3}, Pages = {357-370}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2125}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human exposures to organophosphate flame retardants result from their use as additives in numerous consumer products. These agents are replacements for brominated flame retardants but have not yet faced similar scrutiny for developmental neurotoxicity. We examined a representative organophosphate flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and its potential effects on behavioral development and dopaminergic function. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given low doses of TPP (16 or 32 mg kg-1 day-1 ) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, begun preconception and continued into the early postnatal period. Offspring were administered a battery of behavioral tests from adolescence into adulthood, and littermates were used to evaluate dopaminergic synaptic function. RESULTS: Offspring with TPP exposures showed increased latency to begin eating in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, impaired object recognition memory, impaired choice accuracy in the visual signal detection test, and sex-selective effects on locomotor activity in adolescence (males) but not adulthood. Male, but not female, offspring showed marked increases in dopamine utilization in the striatum, evidenced by an increase in the ratio of the primary dopamine metabolite (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) relative to dopamine levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that TPP has adverse effects that are similar in some respects to those of organophosphate pesticides, which were restricted because of their developmental neurotoxicity.}, Doi = {10.1002/bdr2.2125}, Key = {fds367718} } @article{fds368871, Author = {Gibson-Davis, C and Boen, CE and Keister, LA and Lowell, W}, Title = {Net worth poverty and adult health.}, Journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, Volume = {318}, Pages = {115614}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115614}, Abstract = {This study broadens the traditional focus on income as the primary measure of economic deprivation by providing the first analysis of wealth deprivation, or net worth poverty (NWP), and adult health. Net worth poverty-having wealth (assets minus debts) less than one-fourth of the federal poverty line-likely exacerbates the negative effects of income poverty (IP). In 2019, one-third of US households were net worth poor, with substantially higher rates among Black (60%) relative to White (25%) households. We estimate longitudinal growth curve (i.e., linear mixed effects) models to test how NWP, IP, and the interaction of the two predict a diverse set of health measures. We also consider whether NWP resulting from either low assets or high debts is more predictive of health outcomes and test for heterogeneous associations by race. Data come from Panel Study of Income Dynamics on 8,962 individuals ages 25 to 64, observed between 2011 and 2019 (n = 26,776). Adjusting for income poverty, net worth poverty, relative to no poverty, was associated with a one-quarter to one-third increase in the likelihood of reporting poor self-rated health, psychological distress, and work limitations. Simultaneously experiencing both NWP and IP was associated with the largest deficits. Both asset-driven (low asset) and debt-driven (high debt) NWP reduced health, but asset-driven NWP had stronger associations (e.g., a 5-percentage point increase of being in poor health, twice that of debt-driven). White, relative to Black, adults exhibited statistically larger associations for psychological distress (4.3 vs 1.1 percentage points) and work limitations (3.7 vs. 1.5 percentage points). White and Black adults who were jointly net worth and income poor exhibited the most disadvantage. Findings underscore how wealth is a critical component of financial deprivation and that wealth deprivation, particularly the lack of assets, merits attention in socioeconomic studies of health inequalities.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115614}, Key = {fds368871} } @article{fds367845, Author = {Lansford, JE and Godwin, J and Copeland, WE and Dodge, KA and Odgers, CL and Rothenberg, WA and Rybińska, A and Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group}, Title = {Fast Track intervention effects on family formation.}, Journal = {J Fam Psychol}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {54-64}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0001039}, Abstract = {The present study examines whether the Fast Track (FT) intervention, a 10-year randomized controlled trial with children at risk for conduct problems, affects family formation in adulthood, as indexed by partnerships, parenthood, and family structure, and whether the intervention effect differs across participants' gender and race/ethnicity. Participants included 891 children (intervention n = 445; control n = 446; 69% male; 51% Black, 47% White) who were recruited in kindergarten and followed to age 32 or 34 (80% participation of still-living participants), when they reported on their romantic partnerships, parenthood, and family structure. Controlling for numerous covariates that are related to family formation, intervention participants were more likely than those in the control group to be married rather than single and to have a larger number of children; the intervention and control groups did not differ on cohabitation status, age at first marriage, whether they had ever been divorced, their likelihood of being a parent, the age at which they first became a parent, the spacing of births, family structure (partnered or not, with or without children), or in whether they were residentially independent of their parents and grandparents. Intervention effects were not moderated by gender, but race/ethnicity moderated the effect of the intervention on the probability of having any children and the number of children. These findings suggest that several elements of family formation may remain unchanged by an intervention that changes many other behavioral and psychological trajectories of participants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/fam0001039}, Key = {fds367845} } @article{fds369168, Author = {Healey, KL and Kibble, S and Dubester, K and Bell, A and Swartzwelder, HS}, Title = {Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure enhances adult stress effects in male rats.}, Journal = {Pharmacol Biochem Behav}, Volume = {223}, Pages = {173513}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173513}, Abstract = {Binge patterns of alcohol use, prevalent among adolescents, are associated with a higher probability of developing alcohol use disorders (AUD) and other psychiatric disorders, like anxiety and depression. Additionally, adverse life events strongly predict AUD and other psychiatric disorders. As such, the combined fields of stress and AUD have been well established, and animal models indicate that both binge-like alcohol exposure and stress exposure elevate anxiety-like behaviors. However, few have investigated the interaction of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) and adult stressors. We hypothesized that AIE would increase vulnerability to restraint-induced stress (RS), manifested as increased anxiety-like behavior. After AIE exposure, in adulthood, animals were tested on forced swim (FST) and saccharin preference (SP) and then exposed to either RS (90 min/5 days) or home-cage control. Twenty-four hours after the last RS session, animals began testing on the elevated plus maze (EPM), and were re-tested on FST and SP. A separate group of animals were sacrificed in adulthood after AIE and RS, and brains were harvested for immunoblot analysis of dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Consistent with previous reports, AIE had no significant effect on closed arm time in the EPM (anxiety-like behavior). However, in male rats the interaction of AIE and adult RS increased time spent in the closed arms. No effect was observed among female animals. AIE and RS-specific alterations were found in glial and synaptic markers (GLT-1, FMRP and PSD-95) in male animals. These findings indicate AIE has sex-specific effects on both SP and the interaction of AIE and adult RS, which induces a propensity toward anxiety-like behavior in males. Also, AIE produces persistent hippocampal deficits that may interact with adult RS to cause increased anxiety-like behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms behind this AIE-induced increase in stress vulnerability may provide insight into treatment and prevention strategies for alcohol use disorders.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173513}, Key = {fds369168} } @article{fds368120, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, M and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Pain Science.}, Journal = {J Pain}, Volume = {24}, Number = {2}, Pages = {187-191}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2022.11.005}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2022.11.005}, Key = {fds368120} } @article{fds369116, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, M and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Pain Science.}, Journal = {Clin J Pain}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {55-59}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000001094}, Doi = {10.1097/AJP.0000000000001094}, Key = {fds369116} } @article{fds369117, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, M and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Pain Science.}, Journal = {Pain Med}, Volume = {24}, Number = {2}, Pages = {105-109}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnac204}, Doi = {10.1093/pm/pnac204}, Key = {fds369117} } @article{fds369776, Author = {Kolitsopoulos, F and Ramaker, S and Compton, SN and Broderick, S and Orazem, J and Bao, W and Lokhnygina, Y and Marschall, K and Chappell, P}, Title = {Effects of Long-Term Sertraline Use on Pediatric Growth and Development: The Sertraline Pediatric Registry for The Evaluation of Safety (SPRITES).}, Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {2-13}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2022.0048}, Abstract = {Objective: To describe the results of the Sertraline Pediatric Registry for The Evaluation of Safety (SPRITES) outcome measures of cognitive, emotional, and physical development following long-term treatment with sertraline (for up to 3 years) in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years. Methods: SPRITES was a long-term, multicenter, open-label, prospective observational study designed to compare physical and psychological development in pediatric patients exposed to sertraline (with or without psychotherapy) or psychotherapy alone in usual care settings. Data were summarized descriptively, and outcomes were evaluated using a marginal structural model. Results: Between April 2012 and September 2020, 941 patients across 44 U.S. sites participated in the study. At baseline, 695 participants were exposed to sertraline (physician prescribed) with or without psychotherapy, and 245 participants were exposed to psychotherapy alone. Of these, 432 participants (46.0%) completed the full 3-year study follow-up. No significant changes across time were found in standardized height, BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function), Trails B, and Tanner stage based on cumulative sertraline exposure or exposure since the last visit. Change in mean standardized weight across time was positively associated with both cumulative sertraline exposure (p = 0.02) and exposure since the last visit (p = 0.029). The mean changes from baseline across time in standardized weight were standard deviations of 0.02, 0.03, 0.16, and 0.17 at months 3, 6, 30, and 36, respectively. However, this finding was not observed in the mean change across time in standardized body mass index, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Results are consistent with normal development. Although a statistically significant finding for standardized weight was observed in comparative analyses, the magnitude of the change is small and observed at higher doses of sertraline only. No other significant differences were observed between the "sertraline" group and the "no pharmacological therapy" group on other primary outcome measures. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01302080.}, Doi = {10.1089/cap.2022.0048}, Key = {fds369776} } @article{fds363744, Author = {Coles, TM and Lin, L and Weinfurt, K and Reeve, BB and Spertus, JA and Mentz, RJ and Piña, IL and Bocell, FD and Tarver, ME and Henke, DM and Saha, A and Caldwell, B and Spring, S}, Title = {Do PRO Measures Function the Same Way for all Individuals With Heart Failure?}, Journal = {Journal of Cardiac Failure}, Volume = {29}, Number = {2}, Pages = {210-216}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.05.017}, Abstract = {Women diagnosed with heart failure report worse quality of life than men on patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. An inherent assumption of PRO measures in heart failure is that women and men interpret questions about quality of life the same way. If this is not the case, the risk then becomes that the PRO scores cannot be used for valid comparison or to combine outcomes by subgroups of the population. Inability to compare subgroups validly is a broad issue and has implications for clinical trials, and it also has specific and important implications for identifying and beginning to address health inequities. We describe this threat to validity (the psychometric term is differential item functioning), why it is so important in heart-failure outcomes, the research that has been conducted thus far in this area, the gaps that remain, and what we can do to avoid this threat to validity. PROs bring unique information to clinical decision making, and the validity of PRO measures is key to interpreting differences in heart failure outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.05.017}, Key = {fds363744} } @article{fds370546, Author = {Hovén, E and Flynn, KE and Weinfurt, KP and Eriksson, LE and Wettergren, L}, Title = {Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures in clinical and nonclinical young adult populations.}, Journal = {Sexual Medicine}, Volume = {11}, Number = {1}, Pages = {qfac006}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sexmed/qfac006}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Sexual Function and Satisfaction (SexFS) version 2.0 measurement tool was developed to assess sexual functioning and satisfaction in the general population regardless of health condition and sexual orientation.<h4>Aim</h4>The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the PROMIS SexFS measure in clinical and nonclinical populations of young adults (aged <40 years).<h4>Methods</h4>The SexFS was answered by a clinical population of young adult women (<i>n</i> = 180) and men (<i>n</i> = 110) with breast cancer and testicular cancer, respectively, and a nonclinical population of young adult women (<i>n</i> = 511) and men (<i>n</i> = 324) from the general population. Psychometric properties were evaluated by examining data quality (score distribution, floor and ceiling effects, proportion of missing data), construct validity (corrected item, total correlation, scaling success), and reliability (Cronbach α).<h4>Outcomes</h4>The following domains of the SexFS 2.0 were investigated: Vaginal Lubrication, Vaginal Discomfort, Vulvar Discomfort- Clitoral, Vulvar Discomfort- Labial, Erectile Function, Interest in Sexual Activity, Satisfaction With Sex Life, Orgasm- Ability, and Orgasm- Pleasure.<h4>Results</h4>The Swedish version of the SexFS 2.0 generated data of acceptable quality. Some noteworthy floor or ceiling effects were identified across domains and respondent groups. Corrected item totals were used to express the coherence between an item and the other items in the domain. The correlation coefficients were above 0.40 for all items, except for 1 of the items within the Vaginal Discomfort domain and for the items in the Erectile Function domain in the nonclinical group of men. High proportions of scaling success were noted across domains (96%-100%). Reliability was satisfactory (α = 0.74-0.92) for all domains, expect for Erectile Function of the nonclinical group (α = 0.53), due to low variability in item responses, which was improved somewhat (α = 0.65) when combined with the clinical group.<h4>Clinical implications</h4>A flexible tool to measure self-reported sexual function and satisfaction in young men and women is available for researchers and clinicians in Sweden.<h4>Strengths and limitations</h4>The nationwide population-based sample of patients with cancer, identified from national quality registers, minimized selection bias. However, men in the general population had a lower response rate (34%) compared to the other groups, which introduced a risk of bias in estimates. The psychometric evaluation was limited to young adults (aged 19-40 years).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The results provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the SexFS measure for the assessment of sexual functioning and satisfaction in young adults from both clinical and nonclinical populations.}, Doi = {10.1093/sexmed/qfac006}, Key = {fds370546} } @article{fds371024, Author = {Hornburg, KJ and Slosky, LM and Cofer, G and Cook, J and Qi, Y and Porkka, F and Clark, NB and Pires, A and Petrella, JR and White, LE and Wetsel, WC and Barak, L and Caron, MG and Johnson, GA}, Title = {Prenatal heroin exposure alters brain morphology and connectivity in adolescent mice.}, Journal = {Nmr Biomed}, Volume = {36}, Number = {2}, Pages = {e4842}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4842}, Abstract = {The United States is experiencing a dramatic increase in maternal opioid misuse and, consequently, the number of individuals exposed to opioids in utero. Prenatal opioid exposure has both acute and long-lasting effects on health and wellbeing. Effects on the brain, often identified at school age, manifest as cognitive impairment, attention deficit, and reduced scholastic achievement. The neurobiological basis for these effects is poorly understood. Here, we examine how in utero exposure to heroin affects brain development into early adolescence in a mouse model. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice received escalating doses of heroin twice daily on gestational days 4-18. The brains of offspring were assessed on postnatal day 28 using 9.4 T diffusion MRI of postmortem specimens at 36 μm resolution. Whole-brain volumes and the volumes of 166 bilateral regions were compared between heroin-exposed and control offspring. We identified a reduction in whole-brain volume in heroin-exposed offspring and heroin-associated volume changes in 29 regions after standardizing for whole-brain volume. Regions with bilaterally reduced standardized volumes in heroin-exposed offspring relative to controls include the ectorhinal and insular cortices. Regions with bilaterally increased standardized volumes in heroin-exposed offspring relative to controls include the periaqueductal gray, septal region, striatum, and hypothalamus. Leveraging microscopic resolution diffusion tensor imaging and precise regional parcellation, we generated whole-brain structural MRI diffusion connectomes. Using a dimension reduction approach with multivariate analysis of variance to assess group differences in the connectome, we found that in utero heroin exposure altered structure-based connectivity of the left septal region and the region that acts as a hub for limbic regulatory actions. Consistent with clinical evidence, our findings suggest that prenatal opioid exposure may have effects on brain morphology, connectivity, and, consequently, function that persist into adolescence. This work expands our understanding of the risks associated with opioid misuse during pregnancy and identifies biomarkers that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment.}, Doi = {10.1002/nbm.4842}, Key = {fds371024} } @article{fds369354, Author = {Crone, C and Fochtmann, LJ and Attia, E and Boland, R and Escobar, J and Fornari, V and Golden, N and Guarda, A and Jackson-Triche, M and Manzo, L and Mascolo, M and Pierce, K and Riddle, M and Seritan, A and Uniacke, B and Zucker, N and Yager, J and Craig, TJ and Hong, S-H and Medicus, J}, Title = {The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders.}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {180}, Number = {2}, Pages = {167-171}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.23180001}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.23180001}, Key = {fds369354} } @article{fds368128, Author = {Novak, LA and LaCroix, JM and Perera, KU and Stivers, M and Schvey, NA and Goodie, JL and Olsen, C and Sbrocco, T and Goldston, DB and Soumoff, A and Weaver, J and Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M}, Title = {Help-seeking among psychiatrically hospitalized military personnel at risk for suicide.}, Journal = {Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior}, Volume = {53}, Number = {1}, Pages = {75-88}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12923}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Promoting help-seeking is a key suicide prevention strategy. Yet, research on help-seeking patterns by high-risk individuals is limited. This study examined help-seeking among United States military Service members admitted for psychiatric inpatient care. METHODS: Participants were active duty Service members (N = 111) psychiatrically hospitalized for a suicide-related event. Data were collected as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Reported types and perceived helpfulness of resources sought 30 days before hospitalization were examined. Hierarchical binary logistic regressions were used to examine associations among types of helping resources, mental health treatment stigma, and perceived social support. RESULTS: Approximately 90% of participants sought help prior to hospitalization, most frequently from behavioral health providers and friends. Accessed resources were generally considered helpful. Adjusting for covariates, mental health treatment stigma was not associated with seeking help from any resource type. Higher perceived social support was associated with greater likelihood of help-seeking from a friend (OR = 1.08, p = 0.013 [95% CI = 1.02, 1.14]). Marital status, education level, and organizational barriers were associated with specific types of resources, and/or not seeking help. CONCLUSION: Help-seeking is a complex human behavior. Promoting help-seeking among vulnerable subgroups requires further understanding of multiple interconnected factors.}, Doi = {10.1111/sltb.12923}, Key = {fds368128} } @article{fds367997, Author = {Murdoch, DM and Barfield, R and Chan, C and Towe, SL and Bell, RP and Volkheimer, A and Choe, J and Hall, SA and Berger, M and Xie, J and Meade, CS}, Title = {Neuroimaging and immunological features of neurocognitive function related to substance use in people with HIV.}, Journal = {J Neurovirol}, Volume = {29}, Number = {1}, Pages = {78-93}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-022-01102-2}, Abstract = {This study sought to identify neuroimaging and immunological factors associated with substance use and that contribute to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). We performed cross-sectional immunological phenotyping, neuroimaging, and neurocognitive testing on virally suppressed PWH in four substance groups: cocaine only users (COC), marijuana only users (MJ), dual users (Dual), and Non-users. Participants completed substance use assessments, multimodal MRI brain scan, neuropsychological testing, and blood and CSF sampling. We employed a two-stage analysis of 305 possible biomarkers of cognitive function associated with substance use. Feature reduction (Kruskal Wallis p-value < 0.05) identified 53 biomarkers associated with substance use (22 MRI and 31 immunological) for model inclusion along with clinical and demographic variables. We employed eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with these markers to predict cognitive function (global T-score). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were calculated to rank features for impact on model output and NCI. Participants were 110 PWH with sustained HIV viral suppression (33 MJ, 12 COC, 22 Dual, and 43 Non-users). The ten highest ranking biomarkers for predicting global T-score were 4 neuroimaging biomarkers including functional connectivity, gray matter volume, and white matter integrity; 5 soluble biomarkers (plasma glycine, alanine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) aC17.0, hydroxy-sphingomyelin (SM.OH) C14.1, and phosphatidylcholinediacyl (PC aa) C28.1); and 1 clinical variable (nadir CD4 count). The results of our machine learning model suggest that substance use may indirectly contribute to NCI in PWH through both metabolomic and neuropathological mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13365-022-01102-2}, Key = {fds367997} } @article{fds369722, Author = {Bell, RP and Towe, SL and Al-Khalil, K and Gibson, M and Nadeem, T and Meade, CS}, Title = {Additive cortical gray matter deficits in people living with HIV who use cocaine.}, Journal = {Journal of Neurovirology}, Volume = {29}, Number = {1}, Pages = {53-64}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-023-01111-9}, Abstract = {Cocaine use, which is disproportionately common in people living with HIV (PWH), is known to have neurotoxic effects that may exacerbate HIV neuropathogenesis. While both cocaine use and HIV disease are independently associated with deficits in gray matter (GM) volume, the additive effect of cocaine use to HIV disease on GM volume has not been explored. Here, we investigated subcortical and cortical brain volume differences between four groups of individuals with and without HIV disease and/or cocaine use. Participants also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological testing battery, and HIV disease characteristics were recorded. Within subcortical regions, cocaine use was independently associated with higher volume in the dorsal striatum and pallidum, while HIV disease was associated with lower volume in the nucleus accumbens and thalamus. For cortical regions, there was an additive effect of cocaine use on HIV disease in parietal and occipital lobe volume with PWH who used cocaine displaying the lowest GM volume. Within regions that differed between groups, higher neurocognitive function was positively associated with thalamic, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, and occipital lobe volume. For regions that showed a significant main effect of HIV disease, lower nadir CD4 + T cell count was associated with lower nucleus accumbens and occipital lobe volume. Lower current CD4 + T cell count was associated with lower occipital lobe volume. These results suggest that PWH who use cocaine are at greater risk for cortical atrophy than cocaine use or HIV disease alone.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13365-023-01111-9}, Key = {fds369722} } @article{fds368557, Author = {Gibbs, WC and Kim, HS and Kay, AC and Sherman, DK}, Title = {Who needs control? A cultural perspective on the process of compensatory control}, Journal = {Social and Personality Psychology Compass}, Volume = {17}, Number = {2}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12722}, Abstract = {Compensatory control theory (CCT) provides a framework for understanding the mechanisms at play when one's personal control is challenged. The model suggests that believing the world is a structured and predictable place is fundamental, insofar as it provides the foundation upon which people can believe they are able to exert control over their environment and act agentically towards goals. Because of this, CCT suggests, when personal control is threatened people try to reaffirm the more foundational belief in structure/predictability in the world, so that they then have a strong foundation to reestablish feelings of personal control and pursue their goals. This review seeks to understand how the basic assumptions of these compensatory control processes unfold in different cultural contexts. Drawing on research and theorizing from cultural psychology, we propose that cultural models of self and agency, culturally prevalent modes of control, and culture-specific motivations all have implications for compensatory control processes. Culture determines, in part, whether or not personal control deprivation is experienced as a threat to perceiving an orderly world, how/whether individuals respond to low personal control, and the function that responses to restore a sense of order in the world serve. A theoretical model of compensatory control processes across cultures is proposed that has implications for how people cope with a wide range of personal and societal events that potentially threaten their personal control.}, Doi = {10.1111/spc3.12722}, Key = {fds368557} } @article{fds371526, Author = {Kenthirarajah, DT and Camp, NP and Walton, GM and Kay, AC and Cohen, GL}, Title = {Does "Jamal" receive a harsher sentence than "James"? First-name bias in the criminal sentencing of Black men.}, Journal = {Law and Human Behavior}, Volume = {47}, Number = {1}, Pages = {169-181}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000498}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Using archival and experimental methods, we tested the role that racial associations of first names play in criminal sentencing.<h4>Hypotheses</h4>We hypothesized that Black defendants with more stereotypically Black names (e.g., Jamal) would receive more punitive sentences than Black defendants with more stereotypically White names (e.g., James).<h4>Method</h4>In an archival study, we obtained a random sample of 296 real-world records of Black male prison inmates in Florida and asked participants to rate the extent to which each inmate's first name was stereotypically Black or stereotypically White. We then tested the extent to which racial stereotypicality was associated with sentence length, controlling for relevant legal features of each case (e.g., criminal record, severity of convicted offenses). In a follow-up experiment, participant judges assigned sentences in cases in which the Black male defendant was randomly assigned a more stereotypically Black or White name from our archival study.<h4>Results</h4>Controlling for a wide array of factors-including criminal record-we found that inmates with more stereotypically Black versus White first names received longer sentences β = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [0.01, 0.16]: 409 days longer for names 1 standard deviation above versus below the mean on racial stereotypicality. In our experiment, participant judges recommended significantly longer sentences to Black inmates with more stereotypically Black names above and beyond the severity of the charges or their criminal history, β = 0.07, 95% CI [0.02, 0.13].<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our results identify how racial associations with first names can bias consequential sentencing decisions despite the impartial aims of the legal system. More broadly, our findings illustrate how racial biases manifest in distinctions made among members of historically marginalized groups, not just between members of different groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/lhb0000498}, Key = {fds371526} } @article{fds369706, Author = {Sim, A and Puffer, E and Ahmad, A and Hammad, L and Georgiades, K}, Title = {Resettlement, mental health, and coping: a mixed methods survey with recently resettled refugee parents in Canada.}, Journal = {Bmc Public Health}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {386}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15300-y}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Resettlement experiences of refugee parents are under-researched despite evidence indicating higher risk of poor mental health. The current study integrates family systems and social determinants of refugee mental health frameworks to examine: (1) Refugee parents' experiences of resettlement stressors and mental health; (2) Perceived impacts of resettlement stressors on individual and family indicators of well-being; and (3) Refugee parents' coping strategies and resources.<h4>Methods</h4>The study draws on data from a mixed methods survey conducted with 40 Government-Assisted Refugee parents who had resettled to Hamilton, Canada within the past 4 years. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then integrated at the results stage using a weaving approach.<h4>Results</h4>Results indicate significant exposure to economic and social stressors across multiple domains of daily life, as well as high levels of parental psychological distress. Parents drew linkages between resettlement stressors and negative mental health impacts that were compounded by intersecting risk factors of ill health, caregiving burden, single parenthood, and low levels of education and literacy. Most parents rated themselves as coping well or very well and described various coping strategies such as positive reframing, problem solving, planning, and turning to religion. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicate high frequency of positive parent-child interaction and low frequency of family conflict, and highlight the importance of family as a protective resource for coping with adversity. Exploratory regression analyses suggest that longer stay in Canada, poorer self-rated health, higher levels of resettlement stressors, and more conflict between adults in the household may be associated with greater psychological distress.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Study findings highlight both the resilience of refugee parents and the psychological toll of navigating their families through a new and challenging environment. Policies and programs to provide comprehensive social and economic supports to refugees beyond the first one to two years after arrival are necessary to mitigate the mental health impacts of displacement over time and strengthen individual and family resilience. Such programs should include culturally responsive and family-based models of mental health care that acknowledge collective experiences and impacts of adversity, as well as harness family resources to overcome past and present challenges.}, Doi = {10.1186/s12889-023-15300-y}, Key = {fds369706} } @article{fds369360, Author = {Engelhard, MM and Henao, R and Berchuck, SI and Chen, J and Eichner, B and Herkert, D and Kollins, SH and Olson, A and Perrin, EM and Rogers, U and Sullivan, C and Zhu, Y and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G}, Title = {Predictive Value of Early Autism Detection Models Based on Electronic Health Record Data Collected Before Age 1 Year.}, Journal = {Jama Network Open}, Volume = {6}, Number = {2}, Pages = {e2254303}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54303}, Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Autism detection early in childhood is critical to ensure that autistic children and their families have access to early behavioral support. Early correlates of autism documented in electronic health records (EHRs) during routine care could allow passive, predictive model-based monitoring to improve the accuracy of early detection. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the predictive value of early autism detection models based on EHR data collected before age 1 year. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective diagnostic study used EHR data from children seen within the Duke University Health System before age 30 days between January 2006 and December 2020. These data were used to train and evaluate L2-regularized Cox proportional hazards models predicting later autism diagnosis based on data collected from birth up to the time of prediction (ages 30-360 days). Statistical analyses were performed between August 1, 2020, and April 1, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prediction performance was quantified in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) at clinically relevant model operating thresholds. RESULTS: Data from 45 080 children, including 924 (1.5%) meeting autism criteria, were included in this study. Model-based autism detection at age 30 days achieved 45.5% sensitivity and 23.0% PPV at 90.0% specificity. Detection by age 360 days achieved 59.8% sensitivity and 17.6% PPV at 81.5% specificity and 38.8% sensitivity and 31.0% PPV at 94.3% specificity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this diagnostic study of an autism screening test, EHR-based autism detection achieved clinically meaningful accuracy by age 30 days, improving by age 1 year. This automated approach could be integrated with caregiver surveys to improve the accuracy of early autism screening.}, Doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54303}, Key = {fds369360} } @article{fds367773, Author = {Colle, L and Grosse, G and Behne, T and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Just teasing! - Infants' and toddlers' understanding of teasing interactions and its effect on social bonding.}, Journal = {Cognition}, Volume = {231}, Pages = {105314}, Year = {2023}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105314}, Abstract = {The current study investigates infants' and toddlers' understanding of teasing interactions and its effect on subsequent social interactions. Teasing is a special kind of social interaction due to its dual nature: It consists of a slightly provocative contingent action accompanied by positive ostensive emotional cues. Teasing thus presents an especially interesting test case to inform us about young children's abilities to deal with complex social intentions. In a first experiment, we looked at 9-, 12-, and 18-month-old infants' ability to understand and differentiate a teasing intention from a trying intention and a refuse intention. We found that by 12 months of age, infants react differently (gaze, reach) and by 18 months they smile more in reaction to the Tease condition. In the second experiment, we tested 13-, 20- and 30-month-old children in closely matched purely playful and teasing situations. We also investigated potential social effects of teasing interactions on a subsequent affiliation sequence. Twenty- and 30-month-old children smile more in the Teasing than in the Play condition. For the 30-month-old toddlers, additionally, number of laughs is much higher in the Tease than in the Play condition. No effect on affiliation could be found. Thus, from very early in development, infants and toddlers are able to differentiate teasing from superficially similar but serious behavior and from around 18 months of age they enjoy it more. Infants and toddlers are able to process a complex social intention like teasing. Findings are discussed regarding infant and toddler intention understanding abilities.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105314}, Key = {fds367773} } @article{fds371563, Author = {Rekhi, G and Saw, YE and Lim, K and Keefe, RSE and Lee, J}, Title = {Impact of Cognitive Impairments on Health-Related Quality of Life in Schizophrenia.}, Journal = {Brain Sciences}, Volume = {13}, Number = {2}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020215}, Abstract = {The impact of cognitive impairments on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with schizophrenia is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between cognitive impairments and HRQoL in individuals with schizophrenia. A total of 609 individuals with schizophrenia were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and a neurocognitive battery which comprised of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence matrix reasoning, the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test, Continuous Performance Tests-Identical Pairs, and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. A cognitive factor g was derived from the neurocognitive battery. EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D-5L) utility scores were derived from PANSS scores via a previously validated algorithm and used as a measure of HRQoL. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine the association between cognitive factor g and the EQ-5D-5L. Cognitive factor g (β = 0.189, t = 4.956, p < 0.001) was found to be significantly associated with EQ-5D-5L scores. Age (β = -0.258, t = -6.776, p < 0.001), sex (β = 0.081, t = 2.117, p = 0.035), and being employed (β = 0.091, t = 2.317, p = 0.021) were also significant predictors of EQ-5D-5L. Our results add to the extant literature on the burden cognitive impairments exact in individuals with schizophrenia. More research is needed to develop effective interventions for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.}, Doi = {10.3390/brainsci13020215}, Key = {fds371563} } @article{fds369746, Author = {Brendle, M and Ragnhildstveit, A and Slayton, M and Smart, L and Cunningham, S and Zimmerman, MH and Seli, P and Gaffrey, MS and Averill, LA and Robison, R}, Title = {Registered clinical trials investigating ketamine and esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review}, Journal = {Journal of Psychedelic Studies}, Volume = {6}, Number = {3}, Pages = {176-187}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2054.2022.00234}, Abstract = {Background and Aims: Ketamine and esketamine have garnered interest in both psychiatric research and clinical practice for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In this review, we examined registered trials investigating the therapeutic use of ketamine or esketamine for TRD, with the aim of characterizing emerging trends and knowledge gaps. Methods: The ClinicalTrials.gov electronic registry and results database was queried from inception to February 5, 2022, adhering to elements of the PRISMA guideline, we evaluated trial eligibility in the qualitative synthesis. Data regarding study design, drug regimens, and measures were subsequently abstracted and descriptively analyzed. Results: The search returned 86 records, of which 56 trials were included in the final review. The number of trials investigating ketamine and esketamine for TRD increased since 2008, with higher peaks observed in 2015 (n = 9) and 2021 (n = 9). Most trials were Phase 2 (13, 23.2%) or Phase 3 (11, 19.6%), gathering preliminary data on efficacy and/or further data on safety and efficacy with variant dosing and pharmacological approaches. By and large, trials examined ketamine and esketamine as individual versus combination treatments (45% and 25%, respectively). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was most commonly used to assess clinical outcomes (75%). Conclusions: There are increasingly large-scale and late-phase trials of esketamine over ketamine for TRD, coupled with efforts to centralize evidence on these medications. Yet several trials do not assess patient characteristics that may affect treatment response, such as age, sex, and race. By understanding these design limitations, scientists and clinicians can avoid research waste and funding bodies can judiciously direct support towards high priority research.}, Doi = {10.1556/2054.2022.00234}, Key = {fds369746} } @article{fds369356, Author = {Kay, MC and Hammad, NM and Truong, T and Herring, SJ and Bennett, GG}, Title = {Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Efficacy of a Digital Intervention to Improve Consumption of Foods Received within a National Nutrition Assistance Program.}, Journal = {Nutrients}, Volume = {15}, Number = {2}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020438}, Abstract = {Many mothers are vulnerable to poor diet quality, particularly those living in low-income households. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutrient-rich foods through its benefits packages, but many WIC participants are not redeeming them. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a digital intervention to support redemption and consumption of WIC-approved foods to ultimately improve diet quality. We enrolled 54 maternal-child dyads receiving WIC benefits to receive three to four weekly text messages for 12 weeks focused on behavioral goals to improve consumption of WIC-approved foods. We assessed engagement with weekly tracking messages and satisfaction and collected 24 h dietary recalls to assess preliminary efficacy on dietary intake. Participants were mostly non-Hispanic white (63%) and working (63%), and responded to 7.4 (standard deviation: 4.6) of the 12 weekly messages. Half (n = 27) were high engagers (responded to 80% or more of weekly messages), with 28% (n = 15) responding to all messages. Most felt the feedback (94%) and tips (87%) were helpful and would recommend the program (91%). More were consuming leafy green vegetables compared to baseline (p = 0.01). Mothers of children enrolled in WIC found a text messaging intervention focused on consumption of WIC-approved foods enjoyable and helpful.}, Doi = {10.3390/nu15020438}, Key = {fds369356} } @article{fds370501, Author = {Whitman, ET and Knodt, AR and Elliott, ML and Abraham, WC and Cheyne, K and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Lueng, JH and Melzer, TR and Poulton, R and Purdy, SC and Ramrakha, S and Thorne, PR and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Hariri, AR}, Title = {Functional Topography of the Neocortex Predicts Covariation in Complex Cognitive and Basic Motor Abilities.}, Journal = {bioRxiv}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.09.523297}, Abstract = {Although higher-order cognitive and lower-order sensorimotor abilities are generally regarded as distinct and studied separately, there is evidence that they not only covary but also that this covariation increases across the lifespan. This pattern has been leveraged in clinical settings where a simple assessment of sensory or motor ability (e.g., hearing, gait speed) can forecast age-related cognitive decline and risk for dementia. However, the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive, sensory, and motor covariation are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether such covariation in midlife reflects variability in common versus distinct neocortical networks using individualized maps of functional topography derived from BOLD fMRI data collected in 769 45-year old members of a population-representative cohort. Analyses revealed that variability in basic motor but not hearing ability reflected individual differences in the functional topography of neocortical networks typically supporting cognitive ability. These patterns suggest that covariation in motor and cognitive abilities in midlife reflects convergence of function in higher-order neocortical networks and that gait speed may not be simply a measure of physical function but rather an integrative index of nervous system health.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.01.09.523297}, Key = {fds370501} } @article{fds369125, Author = {Searcy, WA and Chronister, LM and Nowicki, S}, Title = {Syntactic rules predict song type matching in a songbird}, Journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology}, Volume = {77}, Number = {1}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-022-03286-3}, Abstract = {Abstract: Song type matching has been hypothesized to be a graded signal of aggression; however, it is often the case that variation in matching behavior is unrelated to variation in aggressiveness. An alternative view is that whether an individual matches a song is determined mainly by syntactic rules governing how songs are sequenced. In song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), two such rules are the cycling rule, which directs that a bird cycles through its song types in close to the minimum number of bouts, and the bout length rule, which directs that a long bout of a song type is followed by a long interval before that song type is sung again. The effect of these rules on matching is confirmed here for a population of eastern song sparrows. Territorial males were challenged at the end of a recording session with playback of one of their own song types. Logistic regression showed that the probability of matching the playback song type increased with the length of the interval since the subject had last sung that song type, as predicted by the cycling rule. The probability of matching decreased as prior bout length increased, as predicted by the bout length rule. In a multivariate logistic regression, interval length and prior bout length were both associated with matching and together correctly predicted matching in 81.3% of cases. The results support the syntactic constraints hypothesis, which proposes that matching is a non-signaling by-product of internal rules governing the ordering of song type sequences. Significance statement: Vocal matching has attracted widespread interest in large part because it seems an effective method of directing an aggressive message at a particular recipient. Here, we show that in an eastern population of song sparrows, decisions on whether to match another bird are largely determined by internal rules of syntax governing how a singer sequences its song types, rather than by variation in aggressiveness or other individual traits. These results support the view that vocal matching is an incidental byproduct of internal mechanisms controlling the ordering of vocalization types and so is not a signal at all. This hypothesis may be broadly applicable to vocal matching in other species.}, Doi = {10.1007/s00265-022-03286-3}, Key = {fds369125} } @article{fds373392, Author = {Staddon, J}, Title = {Diverse Identities are Irrelevant to Science}, Journal = {Academic Questions}, Volume = {36}, Number = {2}, Pages = {43-46}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/36.2.8}, Doi = {10.51845/36.2.8}, Key = {fds373392} } @article{fds371560, Author = {Berntsen, D and Hoyle, RH and Munkholm Møller and D and Rubin, DC}, Title = {Digital daydreaming: Introducing the spontaneous smartphone checking scale}, Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {147-160}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.4034}, Abstract = {Smartphones are a ubiquitous part of many people's lives, but little is known about their impact on everyday thought processes. Here we introduce the spontaneous smartphone checking scale (SSCS)—which measures the tendency to direct attention toward one's smartphone, unpreceded by external prompts (e.g., notifications, or alerts) and with no specific conscious goal in mind, as a parallel to mind-wandering directed toward internal thoughts. The SSCS showed good psychometric properties and construct validity. It separated from measures of daydreaming and mind-wandering by not loading on dimensions related to self-consciousness, reflection, and rumination, but instead loading highly on a factor associated with other aspects of digital communication and concerns about public appearance on social media. This suggests that spontaneous smartphone checking serves different mental and social functions than internally generated spontaneous thought processes. We discuss possible long-term effects of spontaneous smartphone checking taking up time for internally generated spontaneous thoughts.}, Doi = {10.1002/acp.4034}, Key = {fds371560} } @article{fds371743, Author = {Shan, Y and Yan, S and Jia, Y and Hu, Y and Rubin, DC and Berntsen, D}, Title = {The Properties of Involuntary and Voluntary Autobiographical Memories in Chinese Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals}, Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10353-0}, Abstract = {Background: Research on depression has largely focused on negative intrusive memories with little research on general involuntary memories as they occur in everyday life. In addition, all studies have been conducted on Western participants, and there are no studies on general involuntary memory in Eastern patients with depression. Methods: Thirty Chinese patients with depression and 30 healthy controls completed a memory diary in which they recorded a total of 10 involuntary and 10 voluntary memories. They were requested to fill out corresponding questionnaires of involuntary and voluntary memories as well. Results: Both patients with depression and healthy controls reported involuntary memories that had a more negative impact, were more specific, and were associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation when compared to voluntary memories. For both retrieval modes, patients with depression reported more negative and fewer positive memories, more negative and less positive mood impact, more avoidance, rumination, worry, negative interpretation, and less positive interpretation in response to the memories. Patients with depression rated their memories as more central, less specific, and rehearsed more frequently. Negative mood impact and maladaptive emotion regulation associated with involuntary memories were amplified in depression. Conclusions: These findings support the view that general involuntary memories could be a potential target to promote the treatment for depression.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10608-023-10353-0}, Key = {fds371743} } @article{fds362514, Author = {Becker, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Assessing creativity independently of language: A language-independent remote associate task (LI-RAT).}, Journal = {Behavior Research Methods}, Volume = {55}, Number = {1}, Pages = {85-102}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01773-5}, Abstract = {Most creativity measures are either complex or language-dependent, hindering cross-cultural creativity assessment. We have therefore developed and tested a simple, language-independent insight task based on pictures in the style of the widely used verbal remote associate task (RAT). We demonstrate that the language-independent RAT (LI-RAT) allows assessment of different aspects of insight across large samples with different languages. It also correlates with other creativity and general problem-solving tasks. The entire stimulus set, including its preliminary normative data, is made freely available. This information can be used to select items based on accuracy, mean solution time, likelihood to produce an insight, or conceptual and perceptual similarity between the pictures per item.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13428-021-01773-5}, Key = {fds362514} } @misc{fds373394, Author = {Becker, M and Cabeza, R and Kizilirmak, JM}, Title = {A COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE ON INSIGHT AS A MEMORY PROCESS: Searching for the Solution}, Pages = {491-510}, Booktitle = {The Routledge International Handbook of Creative Cognition}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780367443788}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009351-31}, Abstract = {What are the cognitive and brain processes that lead to an insight? In this chapter, we will describe the insight-solution process from a neurocognitive perspective. Inspired by cognitive theories, we translate some of insight’s main cognitive subprocesses (problem representation, search, representational change and solution) into related neurocognitive ones and summarize them in a descriptive framework. Those described processes focus primarily on verbal insight and are explained using the remote associates task. In this task, the solver is provided with several problem elements (e.g., drop, coat and summer) and needs to find the (remotely related) target that matches those cues (e.g., rain). In a nutshell, insight is the consequence of a problem-solving process where the target is encoded in long-term memory but cannot be retrieved at first because the relationship between the problem elements and the target is unknown, precluding a simple memory search. Upon problem display, the problem elements and a whole network of associated concepts are automatically activated in long-term memory in distinct areas of the brain that represent those concepts (=problem representation). Insight is assumed to occur when automatic processes suddenly activate the target after control processes associated with inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation manage to overcome prior knowledge and/or perceptual constraints by revising the current activation pattern (=representational change).}, Doi = {10.4324/9781003009351-31}, Key = {fds373394} } @article{fds371648, Author = {LaBar, KS}, Title = {Neuroimaging of Fear Extinction.}, Journal = {Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences}, Volume = {64}, Pages = {79-101}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2023_429}, Abstract = {Extinguishing fear and defensive responses to environmental threats when they are no longer warranted is a critical learning ability that can promote healthy self-regulation and, ultimately, reduce susceptibility to or maintenance of affective-, trauma-, stressor-,and anxiety-related disorders. Neuroimaging tools provide an important means to uncover the neural mechanisms of effective extinction learning that, in turn, can abate the return of fear. Here I review the promises and pitfalls of functional neuroimaging as a method to investigate fear extinction circuitry in the healthy human brain. I discuss the extent to which neuroimaging has validated the core circuits implicated in rodent models and has expanded the scope of the brain regions implicated in extinction processes. Finally, I present new advances made possible by multivariate data analysis tools that yield more refined insights into the brain-behavior relationships involved.}, Doi = {10.1007/7854_2023_429}, Key = {fds371648} } @article{fds371572, Author = {Nur, AA and Leibbrand, C and Curran, SR and Votruba-Drzal, E and Gibson-Davis, C}, Title = {Managing and minimizing online survey questionnaire fraud: lessons from the Triple C project}, Journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology}, Pages = {1-7}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2023.2229651}, Abstract = {With the increasing sophistication of online survey tools and the necessity of distanced research during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of online questionnaires for research purposes has proliferated. Still, many researchers undertake online survey research without knowledge of the prevalence and likelihood of experiencing survey questionnaire fraud nor familiarity with measures used to identify fraud once it has occurred. This research note is based on the experience of researchers across four sites who implemented an online survey of families’ experiences with COVID-19 in the U.S. that was subject to substantial fraud. By the end of data collection, over 70% of responses were flagged as fraudulent with duplicate IP addresses and concurrent start/end times representing the most common indicators of fraud observed. We offer lessons learned to illustrate the sophisticated nature of fraud in online research and the importance of multi-pronged strategies to detect and limit online survey questionnaire fraud.}, Doi = {10.1080/13645579.2023.2229651}, Key = {fds371572} } @article{fds367583, Author = {Lansford, JE and Odgers, CL and Bradley, RH and Godwin, J and Copeland, WE and Rothenberg, WA and Dodge, KA}, Title = {The HOME-21: A revised measure of the home environment for the 21st century tested in two independent samples.}, Journal = {Psychol Assess}, Volume = {35}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-11}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0001183}, Abstract = {For decades, the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) has been the most widely used measure of children's home environments. This report provides a revised version of the HOME-Short Form, the HOME-21, reflecting historical changes in family composition and caregiver roles, norms about the acceptability of different forms of discipline, and children's digital environments. Using data from two samples of parents of children ages 0-17 (Fast Track [FT], N = 553, age = 33.8, 49.2% female, 48.1% Black, 51.9% White/other; Great Smoky Mountains Study [GSMS], N = 722, age = 37.2, 54.7% female, 67.6% White, 6.6% Black, 25.8% American Indian), we assess the utility of the HOME-21 with descriptive statistics and correlations with a range of demographic, family context, parenting, and child adjustment measures. Higher HOME-21 scores were correlated with obtaining a high school diploma or equivalency diploma (in GSMS only), having 4 or more years of college, and household income. HOME-21 was also correlated with having a more favorable family context indexed by fewer stressful life events (in FT only), less household food insecurity, lower household chaos, and more perceived social support. Higher HOME-21 scores were correlated with better parenting in the form of parental acceptance, positive parenting, warm involvement, appropriate and consistent discipline, verbal discussion, less physical aggression, and greater parental self-efficacy. Higher HOME-21 scores were correlated with better child adjustment in terms of fewer emotional and conduct problems, less hyperactivity, and more prosocial behavior. The HOME-21 has utility for use in future studies of children's home environments in the 21st century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pas0001183}, Key = {fds367583} } @article{fds374185, Author = {Remondi, C and Gerbino, M and Zuffianò, A and Pastorelli, C and Thartori, E and Bacchini, D and Di Giunta and L and Lunetti, C and Favini, A and Lansford, JE and Dodge, KA}, Title = {The developmental trends of parental self-efficacy and adolescents' rule-breaking behaviors in the Italian context: A 7-wave latent growth curve study.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {18}, Number = {11}, Pages = {e0293911}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293911}, Abstract = {Parental self-efficacy (PSE) captures parents' beliefs in their ability to perform the parenting role successfully and to handle pivotal issues of specific developmental periods. Although previous studies have shown that, across the transition to adolescence, parents show decreasing levels of PSE while adolescents exhibit increasing engagement in rule-breaking (RB) behaviors, there is a paucity of studies investigating whether and how changes in PSE are related to late adolescents' RB behaviors across development. The present study examined the developmental trends of PSE among Italian mothers and fathers over seven waves (representing children's transition from late childhood to late adolescence; approximately from 9 to 18 years old) as well as the longitudinal associations between PSE and RB behaviors during late adolescence. Data were drawn from seven waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 200 Italian children (MAgeAtTime1 = 9.80, SD = 0.65; 50.5% girls) and their parents (200 mothers; 190 fathers). PSE was measured across all seven time-points (from T1 to T7), while adolescents' RB behaviors were measured at the first and last assessment (T1 and T7). Results of univariate latent growth models showed a cubic trend of mothers' PSE, which revealed a decreasing pattern characterized initially by a slight decline, followed by a rebound before continuously decreasing. By contrast, fathers' PSE followed a linear decrease over time. Finally, our findings evidenced that only the slope of mothers' PSE negatively predicted adolescents' RB behaviors at T7, implying that mothers who maintained higher levels of PSE over time had children who later engaged in lower RB behaviors. The study implications are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0293911}, Key = {fds374185} } @article{fds361388, Author = {Kroska, A and Powell, B and Rogers, KB and Smith-Lovin, L}, Title = {Affect Control Theories: A Double Special Issue in Honor of David R. Heise}, Journal = {American Behavioral Scientist}, Volume = {67}, Number = {1}, Pages = {3-11}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027642211066044}, Abstract = {We introduce this two-part special issue that celebrates David Heise and his pathbreaking theories: affect control theory (ACT), affect control theory of the self (ACTS), and affect control theory of institutions (ACTI). These interlocking, multi-level, mathematically based theories explain a range of social processes, including impression formation, social interaction, trait and mood attributions, emotional experiences, emotion management, and identity adoption, and they do so in multiple languages and cultures. The 15 articles in this two-part issue test, apply, and develop the theories in new and innovative ways. After briefly summarizing each theory and Bayesian affect control theory (BayesACT), we highlight the key findings from each of the articles that follow.}, Doi = {10.1177/00027642211066044}, Key = {fds361388} } @article{fds362447, Author = {Quinn, JM and Freeland, RE and Rogers, KB and Hoey, J and Smith-Lovin, L}, Title = {How Cultural Meanings of Occupations in the U.S. Changed During the Covid-19 Pandemic.}, Journal = {American Behavioral Scientist}, Volume = {67}, Number = {1}, Pages = {125-147}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027642211066041}, Abstract = {Social research highlights the stability of cultural beliefs, broadly arguing that population-level changes are uncommon and mostly explained by cohort replacement rather than individual-level change. We find evidence suggesting that cultural change may also occur rapidly in response to an economically and socially transformative period. Using data collected just before and after the outbreak of Covid-19 in the U.S., we explore whether cultural beliefs about essential and non-essential occupations are dynamic in the face of an exogenous social and economic shock. Using a sample of respondents whose characteristics match the U.S. Census on sex, age, and race/ethnicity, we fielded surveys measuring cultural beliefs about 85 essential and non-essential occupations using the evaluation, potency, and activity (EPA) dimensions from the Affect Control Theory paradigm. We expected that EPA ratings of essential work identities would increase due to positive media coverage of essential occupations as indispensable and often selfless roles in the pandemic, while EPA ratings of non-essential identities would decline. Our findings show patterns that are both clear and inconsistent with our predictions. For both essential and non-essential occupations, almost all statistically significant changes in mean evaluation and potency were negative; activity showed relatively little change. Changes in evaluation scores were more negative for non-essential occupations than essential occupations. Results suggest that pervasive and persistent exogenous events are worth investigating as potential sources of episodic cultural belief change.}, Doi = {10.1177/00027642211066041}, Key = {fds362447} } @article{fds372910, Author = {Thompson, RJ and Schmid, L and Mburi, M and Dowd, JE and Finkenstaedt-Quinn, SA and Shultz, GV and Gere, AR and Schiff, LA and Flash, P and Reynolds, JA}, Title = {Diversity of undergraduates in STEM courses: individual and demographic differences in changes in self-efficacy, epistemic beliefs, and intrapersonal attribute profiles}, Journal = {Studies in Higher Education}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2250385}, Abstract = {Across undergraduate STEM learning contexts in several countries, students’ intrapersonal attributes of epistemic beliefs, self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation, and sense of identity have been found to influence learning and to change in response to educational practices. However, research can mask individual and demographic differences in student's attributes that may moderate or mediate the relationship between educational practices and learning outcomes. We employed variable-centered and person-centered methods to examine individual and demographic differences in changes in students’ intrapersonal attributes and patterns of interrelationship among attributes with a study sample of students (N = 4,500) in 14 STEM undergraduate courses (8 biology, 4 chemistry, and 2 statistics) at three research universities in the United States. Variable-centered analyses revealed overall increases in students’ science self-efficacy beliefs and epistemic beliefs even though these outcomes were not intentionally targeted as learning objectives. However, person-centered analyses indicated that not all students experienced these gains. For example, self-identified Asian/Pacific Islander and Black students were more likely to be members of groups demonstrating a decrease in science self-efficacy, whereas Asian/Pacific Islander students and men were less likely to be members of the subgroup with consistently evaluativist epistemic beliefs and higher GPAs. Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we identified five distinct student profiles that reflected different patterns of interrelationship of epistemic beliefs, science and writing self-efficacy beliefs, and science identity. We discuss the implications of these findings for educational practices, particularly with regard to intentionally fostering diverse students’ self-efficacy, sense of identity, and adaptive epistemic beliefs.}, Doi = {10.1080/03075079.2023.2250385}, Key = {fds372910} } @article{fds372840, Author = {Wiener, HJD and Bettman, JR and Luce, MF}, Title = {Product-facilitated conversations: When does starting a conversation by mentioning a product lead to better conversational outcomes?}, Journal = {Journal of Consumer Psychology}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1387}, Abstract = {This paper examines product-facilitated conversations. In three studies, we show that the products consumers publicly display influence how other consumers start conversations with them and how enjoyable and self-disclosing these conversations are. Study 1 is an experiment in the field that shows that product-facilitated conversations are deeper and more enjoyable than non-product-facilitated ones. Study 2 examines the characteristics of products that, when mentioned, lead to good conversations and identifies uniqueness and commonality as key characteristics. Study 3 is an additional experiment in the field that tests these characteristics and shows that products with those characteristics are better conversation starters than the weather. Overall, these studies show novel social benefits to talking about products and generate new ideas about how talking about products can help consumers meet new people, smooth awkward social situations, and build relationships.}, Doi = {10.1002/jcpy.1387}, Key = {fds372840} } @article{fds368555, Author = {Avorgbedor, F and Blumenthal, JA and Hinderliter, A and Ingle, K and Lin, P-H and Craighead, L and Tyson, C and Kraus, W and Sherwood, A and Smith, PJ}, Title = {Inflammation moderates the effects of lifestyle modification on neurocognition among individuals with resistant hypertension.}, Journal = {J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {106-110}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jch.14591}, Abstract = {Individuals with resistant hypertension (RH) have the greatest risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment among individuals with hypertension. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a critical yet unexamined factor influencing the impact of healthy lifestyle changes on cognitive function. We explored the influence of inflammation on changes in cognition following lifestyle modification among individuals with RH participating in the TRIUMPH clinical trial. One hundred forty participants with RH completed a battery of neurocognitive tests along with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and were subsequently randomized to an intensive 4-month lifestyle modification intervention or to education and physician advice control. Results indicated that the effects of lifestyle modification on Executive Function and Learning were moderated by pre-intervention hsCRP levels (P = .049), with treatment efficacy increasing across levels of baseline inflammation levels (low: d = 0.12; mild: d = 0.43; moderate: d = 0.81). We conclude that inflammatory profiles may help identify individuals more likely to improve executive functioning resulting from lifestyle modification.}, Doi = {10.1111/jch.14591}, Key = {fds368555} } @article{fds368585, Author = {Garland, EL and Roberts, RL and Hanley, AW and Zeidan, F and Keefe, FJ}, Title = {The Mindful Reappraisal of Pain Scale (MRPS): Validation of a New Measure of Psychological Mechanisms of Mindfulness-Based Analgesia.}, Journal = {Mindfulness}, Volume = {14}, Number = {1}, Pages = {192-204}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-02034-y}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Mindfulness is theorized to decrease the affective amplification of chronic pain by facilitating a shift from emotionally-laden, catastrophic pain appraisals of nociceptive input to reappraising chronic pain as an innocuous sensory signal that does not signify harm. Understanding of these hypothetical psychological mechanisms of mindfulness-based analgesia has been limited by a lack of direct measures. We conducted a series of psychometric and experimental studies to develop and validate the Mindful Reappraisal of Pain Sensations Scale (MPRS). METHODS: After item generation, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the MRPS in samples of opioid-treated chronic pain patients both before (n=450; n=90) and after (n=222) participating in Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE). We then examined the convergent and divergent validity of the MRPS. Finally, in data from a randomized clinical trial (n=250), the MRPS was tested as a mediator of the effects of MORE on reducing chronic pain severity. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the single-factor structure of the MRPS. The MRPS also evidenced convergent and divergent validity. Mindfulness training through MORE significantly increased MRPS scores relative to supportive psychotherapy (F4,425.03 = 16.15, p < .001). Changes in MRPS scores statistically mediated the effect of MORE on reducing chronic pain severity through 9-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the MRPS is a psychometrically sound and valid measure of novel analgesic mechanisms of mindfulness including attentional disengagement from affective pain appraisals and interoceptive exposure to pain sensations.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12671-022-02034-y}, Key = {fds368585} } @article{fds369142, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, M and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting inclusion, diversity, and equity in pain science.}, Journal = {Pain Reports}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e1063}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000001063}, Doi = {10.1097/pr9.0000000000001063}, Key = {fds369142} } @article{fds365567, Author = {Krishnappa Babu and PR and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Aiello, R and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Franz, L and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic toddlers.}, Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {64}, Number = {1}, Pages = {156-166}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13681}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early differences in sensorimotor functioning have been documented in young autistic children and infants who are later diagnosed with autism. Previous research has demonstrated that autistic toddlers exhibit more frequent head movement when viewing dynamic audiovisual stimuli, compared to neurotypical toddlers. To further explore this behavioral characteristic, in this study, computer vision (CV) analysis was used to measure several aspects of head movement dynamics of autistic and neurotypical toddlers while they watched a set of brief movies with social and nonsocial content presented on a tablet. METHODS: Data were collected from 457 toddlers, 17-36 months old, during their well-child visit to four pediatric primary care clinics. Forty-one toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with autism. An application (app) displayed several brief movies on a tablet, and the toddlers watched these movies while sitting on their caregiver's lap. The front-facing camera in the tablet recorded the toddlers' behavioral responses. CV was used to measure the participants' head movement rate, movement acceleration, and complexity using multiscale entropy. RESULTS: Autistic toddlers exhibited significantly higher rate, acceleration, and complexity in their head movements while watching the movies compared to neurotypical toddlers, regardless of the type of movie content (social vs. nonsocial). The combined features of head movement acceleration and complexity reliably distinguished the autistic and neurotypical toddlers. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic toddlers exhibit differences in their head movement dynamics when viewing audiovisual stimuli. Higher complexity of their head movements suggests that their movements were less predictable and less stable compared to neurotypical toddlers. CV offers a scalable means of detecting subtle differences in head movement dynamics, which may be helpful in identifying early behaviors associated with autism and providing insight into the nature of sensorimotor differences associated with autism.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13681}, Key = {fds365567} } @article{fds372684, Author = {MacDonald, HZ and Franz, MR and Kaiser, AP and Lee, LO and Lawrence, AE and Fairbank, JA and Vasterling, JJ}, Title = {Associations of Warzone Veteran and Intimate Partner PTSD Symptoms with Child Depression, Anxiety, Hyperactivity, and Conduct Problems}, Journal = {Military Behavioral Health}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2023.2246894}, Abstract = {Warzone deployment increases risk for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), including among service members who have children. Parental PTSS are associated with child depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and conduct problems, yet few studies of child behavioral health outcomes in military populations have accounted for PTSS in both warzone veterans and their partners. Fewer still incorporate non-clinically-recruited samples of nationally dispersed warzone veterans and their families. The current research examines whether children whose parent(s) have higher levels of PTSS exhibit more behavioral health symptoms. One hundred and thirty-three Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans and their cohabitating partners completed clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires. Higher intimate partner PTSS, more extensive child exposure to stressful life events, and being an adolescent were significantly associated with child depression after adjusting for warzone veteran PTSS, demographics, and recent warzone veteran absence from the household. Greater child exposure to stressful life events was also associated with child conduct problems. Treatment of PTSD symptoms experienced by warzone veterans’ intimate partners, and preventative interventions aimed at helping the children of warzone veterans cope with stress, may ultimately yield positive benefits for the behavioral health of children in military families.}, Doi = {10.1080/21635781.2023.2246894}, Key = {fds372684} } @article{fds368556, Author = {Avorgbedor, F and Blumenthal, JA and Hinderliter, A and Ingle, K and Lin, P-H and Craighead, L and Tyson, C and Kraus, W and Sherwood, A and Smith, PJ}, Title = {Inflammation moderates the effects of lifestyle modification on neurocognition among individuals with resistant hypertension.}, Journal = {J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {106-110}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jch.14591}, Abstract = {Individuals with resistant hypertension (RH) have the greatest risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment among individuals with hypertension. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a critical yet unexamined factor influencing the impact of healthy lifestyle changes on cognitive function. We explored the influence of inflammation on changes in cognition following lifestyle modification among individuals with RH participating in the TRIUMPH clinical trial. One hundred forty participants with RH completed a battery of neurocognitive tests along with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and were subsequently randomized to an intensive 4-month lifestyle modification intervention or to education and physician advice control. Results indicated that the effects of lifestyle modification on Executive Function and Learning were moderated by pre-intervention hsCRP levels (P = .049), with treatment efficacy increasing across levels of baseline inflammation levels (low: d = 0.12; mild: d = 0.43; moderate: d = 0.81). We conclude that inflammatory profiles may help identify individuals more likely to improve executive functioning resulting from lifestyle modification.}, Doi = {10.1111/jch.14591}, Key = {fds368556} } @article{fds369071, Author = {Meyerson, WU and Fineberg, SK and Song, YK and Faber, A and Ash, G and Andrade, FC and Corlett, P and Gerstein, MB and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Estimation of Bedtimes of Reddit Users: Integrated Analysis of Time Stamps and Surveys.}, Journal = {Jmir Formative Research}, Volume = {7}, Pages = {e38112}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/38112}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Individuals with later bedtimes have an increased risk of difficulties with mood and substances. To investigate the causes and consequences of late bedtimes and other sleep patterns, researchers are exploring social media as a data source. Pioneering studies inferred sleep patterns directly from social media data. While innovative, these efforts are variously unscalable, context dependent, confined to specific sleep parameters, or rest on untested assumptions, and none of the reviewed studies apply to the popular Reddit platform or release software to the research community.<h4>Objective</h4>This study builds on this prior work. We estimate the bedtimes of Reddit users from the times tamps of their posts, test inference validity against survey data, and release our model as an R package (The R Foundation).<h4>Methods</h4>We included 159 sufficiently active Reddit users with known time zones and known, nonanomalous bedtimes, together with the time stamps of their 2.1 million posts. The model's form was chosen by visualizing the aggregate distribution of the timing of users' posts relative to their reported bedtimes. The chosen model represents a user's frequency of Reddit posting by time of day, with a flat portion before bedtime and a quadratic depletion that begins near the user's bedtime, with parameters fitted to the data. This model estimates the bedtimes of individual Reddit users from the time stamps of their posts. Model performance is assessed through k-fold cross-validation. We then apply the model to estimate the bedtimes of 51,372 sufficiently active, nonbot Reddit users with known time zones from the time stamps of their 140 million posts.<h4>Results</h4>The Pearson correlation between expected and observed Reddit posting frequencies in our model was 0.997 on aggregate data. On average, posting starts declining 45 minutes before bedtime, reaches a nadir 4.75 hours after bedtime that is 87% lower than the daytime rate, and returns to baseline 10.25 hours after bedtime. The Pearson correlation between inferred and reported bedtimes for individual users was 0.61 (P<.001). In 90 of 159 cases (56.6%), our estimate was within 1 hour of the reported bedtime; 128 cases (80.5%) were within 2 hours. There was equivalent accuracy in hold-out sets versus training sets of k-fold cross-validation, arguing against overfitting. The model was more accurate than a random forest approach.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We uncovered a simple, reproducible relationship between Reddit users' reported bedtimes and the time of day when high daytime posting rates transition to low nighttime posting rates. We captured this relationship in a model that estimates users' bedtimes from the time stamps of their posts. Limitations include applicability only to users who post frequently, the requirement for time zone data, and limits on generalizability. Nonetheless, it is a step forward for inferring the sleep parameters of social media users passively at scale. Our model and precomputed estimated bedtimes of 50,000 Reddit users are freely available.}, Doi = {10.2196/38112}, Key = {fds369071} } @article{fds369072, Author = {Berntsen, D and Hoyle, RH and Munkholm Møller and D and Rubin, DC}, Title = {Digital daydreaming: Introducing the spontaneous smartphone checking scale}, Journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {147-160}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.4034}, Abstract = {Smartphones are a ubiquitous part of many people's lives, but little is known about their impact on everyday thought processes. Here we introduce the spontaneous smartphone checking scale (SSCS)—which measures the tendency to direct attention toward one's smartphone, unpreceded by external prompts (e.g., notifications, or alerts) and with no specific conscious goal in mind, as a parallel to mind-wandering directed toward internal thoughts. The SSCS showed good psychometric properties and construct validity. It separated from measures of daydreaming and mind-wandering by not loading on dimensions related to self-consciousness, reflection, and rumination, but instead loading highly on a factor associated with other aspects of digital communication and concerns about public appearance on social media. This suggests that spontaneous smartphone checking serves different mental and social functions than internally generated spontaneous thought processes. We discuss possible long-term effects of spontaneous smartphone checking taking up time for internally generated spontaneous thoughts.}, Doi = {10.1002/acp.4034}, Key = {fds369072} } @article{fds372820, Author = {Meyerson, WU and Hoyle, RH}, Title = {Pre-pandemic activity on a myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome support forum is highly associated with later activity on a long COVID support forum for a variety of reasons: A mixed methods study.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {18}, Number = {9}, Pages = {e0291173}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291173}, Abstract = {Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID share some clinical and social characteristics. We predicted that this would lead to an increased interaction between pre-pandemic members of an ME/CFS online support community and a long COVID community. We performed a mixed-methods retrospective observational study of the Reddit activity of 7,544 users active on Reddit's long COVID forum. From among 1600 forums, pre-pandemic activity specifically on a ME/CFS forum is the top predictor of later participation on the long COVID forum versus an acute COVID support forum. In the qualitative portion, motives for this co-participation included seeking mutual support and dual identification with both conditions. Some of this effect may be explained by pre-existing ME/CFS possibly being a risk factor for long COVID and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection being a cause of ME/CFS relapse. The high rate of ME/CFS patients seeking mutual support on a long COVID forum speaks to the long-suffering experience of these patients not feeling heard or respected, and the hope of some ME/CFS patients to gain legitimacy through the public's growing recognition of long COVID.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0291173}, Key = {fds372820} } @article{fds363803, Author = {Howe, HS and Zhou, L and Dias, RS and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Aha over Haha: Brands benefit more from being clever than from being funny}, Journal = {Journal of Consumer Psychology}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {107-114}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1307}, Abstract = {We examine whether the cleverness of a brand's humor attempt affects consumers' brand attitudes and engagement. A clever humor attempt is any humor attempt wherein the consumer feels she must make mental connections to solve the joke (e.g., understand a cultural reference, understand the dual meaning of a pun). Across five studies, we demonstrate that as the cleverness of a humor attempt increases, consumers report higher brand attitudes and are more engaged with the brand. This effect is mediated by perceptions of brand warmth and competence and moderated by consumers' need for cognition.}, Doi = {10.1002/jcpy.1307}, Key = {fds363803} } @article{fds371304, Author = {Han, Q and Zheng, B and Cristea, M and Agostini, M and Bélanger, JJ and Gützkow, B and Kreienkamp, J and PsyCorona Collaboration, and Leander, NP}, Title = {Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {1}, Pages = {149-159}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721001306}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The effective implementation of government policies and measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires compliance from the public. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trust in government regarding COVID-19 control with the adoption of recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours, and potential determinants of trust in government during the pandemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This study analysed data from the PsyCorona Survey, an international project on COVID-19 that included 23 733 participants from 23 countries (representative in age and gender distributions by country) at baseline survey and 7785 participants who also completed follow-up surveys. Specification curve analysis was used to examine concurrent associations between trust in government and self-reported behaviours. We further used structural equation model to explore potential determinants of trust in government. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between baseline trust and longitudinal behavioural changes.<h4>Results</h4>Higher trust in government regarding COVID-19 control was significantly associated with higher adoption of health behaviours (handwashing, avoiding crowded space, self-quarantine) and prosocial behaviours in specification curve analyses (median standardised <i>β</i> = 0.173 and 0.229, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Government perceived as well organised, disseminating clear messages and knowledge on COVID-19, and perceived fairness were positively associated with trust in government (standardised <i>β</i> = 0.358, 0.230, 0.056, and 0.249, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Higher trust at baseline survey was significantly associated with lower rate of decline in health behaviours over time (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These results highlighted the importance of trust in government in the control of COVID-19.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291721001306}, Key = {fds371304} } @article{fds372793, Author = {Wight, KG and Liu, PJ and Zhou, L and Fitzsimons, GJ}, Title = {Sharing Food Can Backfire: When Healthy Choices for Children Lead Parents to Make Unhealthy Choices for Themselves}, Journal = {Journal of Marketing Research}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00222437231184830}, Abstract = {Many consumers are caregivers and, as part of caregiving, frequently make food choices for their dependents. This research examines how food choices made for children influence the healthiness of parents’ subsequent self-choices. Whereas prior work focuses on choices for the self (others) as based on self-needs (other-needs), the authors theorize when and why self-choices involve consideration of other-needs. Five studies, including a nursery school field study, test the effect of choosing healthy food for a child on the healthiness of parents’ self-choices, focusing on the role of anticipating potentially sharing self-choices with one's child. Potential sharing increased parents’ likelihood of making an unhealthy subsequent self-choice if they first made a healthy choice for their child. This effect was driven by parents’ present-focused parenting concerns about whether one's child would eat and enjoy healthy options chosen for them. This effect was mitigated when parents instead had future-focused parenting concerns. Additionally, this effect was mitigated after making an initial choice for the child that was (1) unhealthy or (2) healthy but relatively liked by the child. This research contributes to understanding how choices for others shape choices for the self and offers important marketing and policy implications.}, Doi = {10.1177/00222437231184830}, Key = {fds372793} } @article{fds373576, Author = {Fath, S and Larrick, RP and Soll, JB}, Title = {Encouraging self-blinding in hiring}, Journal = {Behavioral Science and Policy}, Volume = {9}, Number = {1}, Pages = {45-57}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23794607231192721}, Abstract = {One strategy for minimizing bias in hiring is blinding—purposefully limiting the information used when screening applicants to that which is directly relevant to the job and does not elicit bias based on race, gender, age, or other irrelevant characteristics. Blinding policies remain rare, however. An alternative to blinding policies is self-blinding, in which people performing hiring-related evaluations blind themselves to biasing information about applicants. Using a mock-hiring task, we tested ways to encourage self-blinding that take into consideration three variables likely to affect whether people self-blind: default effects on choices, people’s inability to assess their susceptibility to bias, and people’s tendency not to recognize the full range of information that can elicit that bias. Participants with hiring experience chose to receive or be blind to various pieces of information about applicants, some of which were potentially biasing. They selected potentially biasing information less often when asked to specify the applicant information they wanted to receive than when asked to specify the information they did not want to receive, when prescribing selections for other people than when making the selections for themselves, and when the information was obviously biasing than when it was less obviously so. On the basis of these findings, we propose a multipronged strategy that human resources leaders could use to enable and encourage hiring managers to self-blind when screening job applicants.}, Doi = {10.1177/23794607231192721}, Key = {fds373576} } @article{fds361148, Author = {Wilson, GA and Cheyne, K and Ramrakha, S and Ambler, A and Tan, GS and Caspi, A and Williams, B and Sugden, K and Houts, R and Niederer, RL and Wong, TY and Moffitt, TE and Poulton, R}, Title = {Are macular drusen in midlife a marker of accelerated biological ageing?}, Journal = {Clinical & Experimental Optometry}, Volume = {106}, Number = {1}, Pages = {41-46}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2021.2012428}, Abstract = {<h4>Clinical relevance</h4>Macular drusen are associated with age-related maculopathy but are not an ocular manifestation or biomarker of systemic ageing.<h4>Background</h4>Macular drusen are the first sign of age-related maculopathy, an eye disease for which age is the strongest risk factor. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate whether macular drusen in midlife - a sign of the earliest stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - are associated with accelerated biological ageing more generally.<h4>Methods</h4>Members of the long-running Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (hereafter the Dunedin Study, n = 1037) underwent retinal photography at their most recent assessment at the age of 45 years. Images were graded for the presence of AMD using a simplified scale from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Accelerated ageing was assessed by (i) a measure of Pace of Ageing defined from a combination of clinical and serum biomarkers obtained at ages 26, 32, 38, and 45 years and (ii) Facial Ageing, defined from photographs obtained at age 38 and 45 years.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 938 participants who participated at the age 45 assessments, 834 had gradable retinal photographs, and of these 165 (19.8%) had macular drusen. There was no significant difference in Pace of Ageing (<i>p</i> = .743) or Facial Ageing (<i>p</i> = .945) among participants with and without macular drusen.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In this representative general population sample, macular drusen in midlife were not associated with accelerated ageing. Future studies tracking longitudinal changes in drusen number and severity at older ages may reveal whether drusen are a biomarker of accelerated ageing.}, Doi = {10.1080/08164622.2021.2012428}, Key = {fds361148} } @article{fds366197, Author = {Poulton, R and Guiney, H and Ramrakha, S and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {The Dunedin study after half a century: reflections on the past, and course for the future}, Journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand}, Volume = {53}, Number = {4}, Pages = {446-465}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2114508}, Abstract = {Over the last 50 years Dunedin Study researchers have published more than 1400 peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and reports on many aspects of human health and development. In this 50th anniversary piece we reflect on (i) our historical roots and necessary re-invention through time; (ii) the underpinning principles that have contributed to our success; (iii) some selected examples of high-impact work from the behavioural, oral health, and respiratory domains; (iv) some of the challenges we have encountered over time and how to overcome these; and (vi) review where we see the Study going in the future. We aim to present some of the ‘back story’, which is typically undocumented and oft lost to memory, and thus focus on ‘know-how’. Our hope is to humanise our research, share insights, and to acknowledge the real heroes of the Study–the 1037 Study members, their families and their friends, who have collectively given so much, for so long, in the hope of helping others.}, Doi = {10.1080/03036758.2022.2114508}, Key = {fds366197} } @article{fds367973, Author = {Lorenzo, EC and Kuchel, GA and Kuo, C-L and Moffitt, TE and Diniz, BS}, Title = {Major depression and the biological hallmarks of aging.}, Journal = {Ageing Research Reviews}, Volume = {83}, Pages = {101805}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101805}, Abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by psychological and physiological manifestations contributing to the disease severity and outcome. In recent years, several lines of evidence have suggested that individuals with MDD have an elevated risk of age-related adverse outcomes across the lifespan. This review provided evidence of a significant overlap between the biological abnormalities in MDD and biological changes commonly observed during the aging process (i.e., hallmarks of biological aging). Based on such evidence, we formulate a mechanistic model showing how abnormalities in the hallmarks of biological aging can be a common denominator and mediate the elevated risk of age-related health outcomes commonly observed in MDD. Finally, we proposed a roadmap for novel studies to investigate the intersection between the biology of aging and MDD, including the use of geroscience-guided interventions, such as senolytics, to delay or improve major depression by targeting biological aging.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2022.101805}, Key = {fds367973} } @article{fds368322, Author = {Guiney, H and Walker, R and Broadbent, J and Caspi, A and Goodin, E and Kokaua, J and Moffitt, TE and Robertson, S and Theodore, R and Poulton, R and Endre, Z}, Title = {Kidney-Function Trajectories From Young Adulthood to Midlife: Identifying Risk Strata and Opportunities for Intervention.}, Journal = {Kidney International Reports}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {51-63}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.005}, Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Understanding normative patterns of change in kidney function over the life course may allow targeting of early interventions to slow or prevent the onset of kidney disease, but knowledge about kidney functional change before middle age is limited. This study used prospective longitudinal data from a representative birth cohort to examine common patterns of change from young to midadulthood and to identify risk factors and outcomes associated with poorer trajectories.<h4>Methods</h4>We used group-based trajectory modeling in the Dunedin study birth cohort (<i>n</i> = 857) to identify the following: (i) common kidney function trajectories between the ages 32 and 45 years, (ii) early-life factors associated with those trajectories, (iii) modifiable physical and psychosocial factors across adulthood associated with differences in trajectory slope, and (iv) links between trajectories and kidney-related outcomes at age 45 years.<h4>Results</h4>Three trajectory groups were identified and could be differentiated by age 32 years as follows: normal (58% of participants), low-normal (36%), and high-risk (6%) groups. Those from low socioeconomic backgrounds had higher odds of following a high-risk (vs. normal) trajectory. Modifiable factors (blood pressure, body mass index, inflammation, glycated hemoglobin, smoking, and socioeconomic status) across adulthood were associated with steeper age-related declines in kidney function, particularly among those in the low-normal and high-risk groups. Those in the low-normal and high-risk groups also had more adverse kidney-related outcomes at age 45 years.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The current findings could be used to inform the development of early interventions and point to socioeconomic conditions across the life course and health-related risk factors and behaviors in adulthood as kidney health promotion targets.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.005}, Key = {fds368322} } @article{fds370047, Author = {Barrett-Young, A and Abraham, WC and Cheung, CY and Gale, J and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Knodt, AR and Melzer, TR and Moffitt, TE and Ramrakha, S and Tham, YC and Wilson, GA and Wong, TY and Hariri, AR and Poulton, R}, Title = {Associations Between Thinner Retinal Neuronal Layers and Suboptimal Brain Structural Integrity in a Middle-Aged Cohort.}, Journal = {Eye and Brain}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {25-35}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/eb.s402510}, Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>The retina has potential as a biomarker of brain health and Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it is the only part of the central nervous system which can be easily imaged and has advantages over brain imaging technologies. Few studies have compared retinal and brain measurements in a middle-aged sample. The objective of our study was to investigate whether retinal neuronal measurements were associated with structural brain measurements in a middle-aged population-based cohort.<h4>Participants and methods</h4>Participants were members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (n=1037; a longitudinal cohort followed from birth and at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, and most recently at age 45, when 94% of the living Study members participated). Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Brain age gap estimate (brainAGE), cortical surface area, cortical thickness, subcortical grey matter volumes, white matter hyperintensities, were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<h4>Results</h4>Participants with both MRI and OCT data were included in the analysis (RNFL n=828, female n=413 [49.9%], male n=415 [50.1%]; GC-IPL n=825, female n=413 [50.1%], male n=412 [49.9%]). Thinner retinal neuronal layers were associated with older brain age, smaller cortical surface area, thinner average cortex, smaller subcortical grey matter volumes, and increased volume of white matter hyperintensities.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings provide evidence that the retinal neuronal layers reflect differences in midlife structural brain integrity consistent with increased risk for later AD, supporting the proposition that the retina may be an early biomarker of brain health.}, Doi = {10.2147/eb.s402510}, Key = {fds370047} } @article{fds361195, Author = {Wilson, GA and Cheyne, K and Ramrakha, S and Ambler, A and Tan, GS and Caspi, A and Williams, B and Sugden, K and Houts, R and Niederer, RL and Wong, TY and Moffitt, TE and Poulton, R}, Title = {Are macular drusen in midlife a marker of accelerated biological ageing?}, Journal = {Clinical & Experimental Optometry}, Volume = {106}, Number = {1}, Pages = {41-46}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2021.2012428}, Abstract = {<h4>Clinical relevance</h4>Macular drusen are associated with age-related maculopathy but are not an ocular manifestation or biomarker of systemic ageing.<h4>Background</h4>Macular drusen are the first sign of age-related maculopathy, an eye disease for which age is the strongest risk factor. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate whether macular drusen in midlife - a sign of the earliest stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - are associated with accelerated biological ageing more generally.<h4>Methods</h4>Members of the long-running Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (hereafter the Dunedin Study, n = 1037) underwent retinal photography at their most recent assessment at the age of 45 years. Images were graded for the presence of AMD using a simplified scale from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Accelerated ageing was assessed by (i) a measure of Pace of Ageing defined from a combination of clinical and serum biomarkers obtained at ages 26, 32, 38, and 45 years and (ii) Facial Ageing, defined from photographs obtained at age 38 and 45 years.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 938 participants who participated at the age 45 assessments, 834 had gradable retinal photographs, and of these 165 (19.8%) had macular drusen. There was no significant difference in Pace of Ageing (<i>p</i> = .743) or Facial Ageing (<i>p</i> = .945) among participants with and without macular drusen.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In this representative general population sample, macular drusen in midlife were not associated with accelerated ageing. Future studies tracking longitudinal changes in drusen number and severity at older ages may reveal whether drusen are a biomarker of accelerated ageing.}, Doi = {10.1080/08164622.2021.2012428}, Key = {fds361195} } @article{fds368323, Author = {Guiney, H and Walker, R and Broadbent, J and Caspi, A and Goodin, E and Kokaua, J and Moffitt, TE and Robertson, S and Theodore, R and Poulton, R and Endre, Z}, Title = {Kidney-Function Trajectories From Young Adulthood to Midlife: Identifying Risk Strata and Opportunities for Intervention.}, Journal = {Kidney International Reports}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {51-63}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.005}, Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Understanding normative patterns of change in kidney function over the life course may allow targeting of early interventions to slow or prevent the onset of kidney disease, but knowledge about kidney functional change before middle age is limited. This study used prospective longitudinal data from a representative birth cohort to examine common patterns of change from young to midadulthood and to identify risk factors and outcomes associated with poorer trajectories.<h4>Methods</h4>We used group-based trajectory modeling in the Dunedin study birth cohort (<i>n</i> = 857) to identify the following: (i) common kidney function trajectories between the ages 32 and 45 years, (ii) early-life factors associated with those trajectories, (iii) modifiable physical and psychosocial factors across adulthood associated with differences in trajectory slope, and (iv) links between trajectories and kidney-related outcomes at age 45 years.<h4>Results</h4>Three trajectory groups were identified and could be differentiated by age 32 years as follows: normal (58% of participants), low-normal (36%), and high-risk (6%) groups. Those from low socioeconomic backgrounds had higher odds of following a high-risk (vs. normal) trajectory. Modifiable factors (blood pressure, body mass index, inflammation, glycated hemoglobin, smoking, and socioeconomic status) across adulthood were associated with steeper age-related declines in kidney function, particularly among those in the low-normal and high-risk groups. Those in the low-normal and high-risk groups also had more adverse kidney-related outcomes at age 45 years.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The current findings could be used to inform the development of early interventions and point to socioeconomic conditions across the life course and health-related risk factors and behaviors in adulthood as kidney health promotion targets.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.005}, Key = {fds368323} } @article{fds374580, Author = {Horan, WP and Depp, CA and Hurst, S and Linthicum, J and Vargas, G and Klein, H and Keefe, RSE and Harvey, PD}, Title = {Qualitative Analysis of the Content Validity of the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT) in Schizophrenia: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective}, Journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin Open}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad012}, Abstract = {The US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) requires clinical trials targeting cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) to demonstrate the functional relevance of cognitive improvements by employing a functional co-primary measure. Although quantitative evidence supports the suitability of the Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT) for this purpose, FDA guidelines for qualification of clinical outcome assessments require evidence of content validity, defined as qualitative evidence that key stakeholders view the measure as relevant and important. To collect this important qualitative data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with outpatients with schizophrenia (n = 24), caregivers (n = 12), and professional peer support specialists (n = 12) to elicit their views about the definition and importance of functional independence, the importance of the functional domains assessed by the VRFCAT (meal planning, using transportation, handling money, shopping), and the relevance of the VRFCAT tasks to these domains. Qualitative thematic analyses revealed consistent themes across groups in defining functional independence, including performing instrumental self-care, financial, and social tasks; making decisions autonomously; and not depending on others to carry out daily activities. There were, however, notable differences in their views regarding the importance of and barriers to functional independence. All groups viewed the VRFCAT as assessing skill domains that are central to independent functioning and, with some minor differences, the VRFCAT tasks were viewed as relevant and meaningful examples of the domains. These qualitative results provide converging evidence that key stakeholders view the VRFCAT as a content-valid measure.}, Doi = {10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad012}, Key = {fds374580} } @misc{fds373959, Author = {Zucker, NL and Pilato, IB and Lemay-Russell, S}, Title = {Feeding difficulties: Difficulty swallowing and the fear of aversive consequences}, Pages = {164-176}, Booktitle = {Pediatric Psychogastroenterology: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781032312347}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308683-15}, Abstract = {This chapter provides a detailed understanding of the emergence of fears of aversive consequences broadly and more specifically in youth with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), practice guidance on differentially assessing ARFID from other related psychiatric disorders, and guidance on tools to address these fears in youth. ARFID is characterized by a pattern of restrictive or avoidant eating resulting in malnourishment, a low body weight, dependence on enteral feeding or supplements, and/or a significant impact on their psychosocial functioning. The chapter explores the role of maladaptive fear-learning in the context of eating challenges in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Assessment of fears in children ideally should integrate data from multiple reporters including youth and parents. Treatment of somatic fears typically aims to create new learning experiences that demonstrate the safety of a previously feared stimulus. For some youth, food restriction is so severe that they must be placed on supplemental or replacement tube feeding.}, Doi = {10.4324/9781003308683-15}, Key = {fds373959} } @article{fds376148, Author = {Eom, S and Kim, S and Jiang, Y and Chen, RJ and Roghanizad, AR and Rosenthal, MZ and Dunn, J and Gorlatova, M}, Title = {Investigation of Thermal Perception and Emotional Response in Augmented Reality using Digital Biomarkers: A Pilot Study}, Journal = {Proceedings - 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops, VRW 2023}, Pages = {170-173}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9798350348392}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00042}, Abstract = {Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy that helps patients learn skills to regulate emotions as a central strategy to improve life functioning. However, DBT skills require a long-term and consistent commitment, typically to group therapy over the course of months. Patients who might benefit may find this approach undesirable; it can be challenging to transfer learning from therapy sessions to daily life, and there is no way to personalize skills learning based on individualized needs. In this paper we propose the use of Augmented Reality (AR) and digital biomarkers to enhance DBT skill exercises to be more immersive and personalized by using physiological data as real-time feedback. To explore the feasibility of AR-based DBT skill implementation, we developed AR-based DBT skill exercises that manipulate the user's thermal perception by visualizing different thermal information in holograms. We conducted a user study to evaluate the impact of AR in changing the thermal perception and emotional states of the user with an analysis of physiological data collected from wearable devices.}, Doi = {10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00042}, Key = {fds376148} } @article{fds373872, Author = {Richardson, SM and Pflieger, JC and Hisle-Gorman, E and Briggs, EC and Fairbank, JA and Stander, VA}, Title = {Family separation from military service and children's externalizing symptoms: Exploring moderation by non-military spouse employment, family financial stress, marital quality, and the parenting alliance}, Journal = {Social Development (Oxford, England)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sode.12713}, Abstract = {Military separation is a well-documented vulnerability point for service members, yet little is known regarding how children fare across this transition. The current study examined 909 military-connected children from the Millennium Cohort Family Study (Wave 1 Mage = 3.88 years, SD =.095) across a 3-year period to explore whether separation predicted child externalizing symptoms over and above Wave 1 externalizing levels, by comparing separated versus not separated military families over time. We also explored if non-military spouse employment, financial stress, marital quality, or parenting alliance moderated the relation of separation with child externalizing. Data were collected via a parent-reported online questionnaire and administrative military records. Results showed that separation was unrelated to externalizing. However, moderation analyses suggested that for those who separated, non-military spouses’ employment prior to separation was related to less externalizing, whereas the parenting alliance was related to less externalizing only for families who remained in the military. Recommendations include assistance with spouse employment prior to military separation and parenting support throughout military service.}, Doi = {10.1111/sode.12713}, Key = {fds373872} } @article{fds367390, Author = {Sun, D and Adduru, VR and Phillips, RD and Bouchard, HC and Sotiras, A and Michael, AM and Baker, FC and Tapert, SF and Brown, SA and Clark, DB and Goldston, D and Nooner, KB and Nagel, BJ and Thompson, WK and De Bellis, MD and Morey, RA}, Title = {Adolescent alcohol use is linked to disruptions in age-appropriate cortical thinning: an unsupervised machine learning approach.}, Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, Volume = {48}, Number = {2}, Pages = {317-326}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01457-4}, Abstract = {Cortical thickness changes dramatically during development and is associated with adolescent drinking. However, previous findings have been inconsistent and limited by region-of-interest approaches that are underpowered because they do not conform to the underlying spatially heterogeneous effects of alcohol. In this study, adolescents (n = 657; 12-22 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study who endorsed little to no alcohol use at baseline were assessed with structural magnetic resonance imaging and followed longitudinally at four yearly intervals. Seven unique spatial patterns of covarying cortical thickness were obtained from the baseline scans by applying an unsupervised machine learning method called non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The cortical thickness maps of all participants' longitudinal scans were projected onto vertex-level cortical patterns to obtain participant-specific coefficients for each pattern. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to each pattern to investigate longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on cortical thickness. We found in six NMF-derived cortical thickness patterns, the longitudinal rate of decline in no/low drinkers was similar for all age cohorts. Among moderate drinkers the decline was faster in the younger adolescent cohort and slower in the older cohort. Among heavy drinkers the decline was fastest in the younger cohort and slowest in the older cohort. The findings suggested that unsupervised machine learning successfully delineated spatially coordinated patterns of vertex-level cortical thickness variation that are unconstrained by neuroanatomical features. Age-appropriate cortical thinning is more rapid in younger adolescent drinkers and slower in older adolescent drinkers, an effect that is strongest among heavy drinkers.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41386-022-01457-4}, Key = {fds367390} } @article{fds369858, Author = {Yu, SH and Kodish, T and Bear, L and O’Neill, JC and Asarnow, JR and Goldston, DB and Cheng, KK and Wang, X and Vargas, SM and Lau, AS}, Title = {Leader and Provider Perspectives on Implementing Safe Alternatives for Teens and Youth—Acute (SAFETY-A) in Public School Districts Serving Racial/Ethnic Minoritized Youth}, Journal = {School Mental Health}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12310-023-09572-3}, Abstract = {Racial/ethnic minoritized (REM) youth represent a high-risk group for suicide, yet there are striking disparities in their use of mental health services (MHS) even after risk is identified in schools. Prior research suggests that school-based risk assessments and hospitalization encounters can be negatively experienced by REM youth and families, thus deterring likelihood of seeking follow-up care. The Safe Alternatives for Teens and Youth-Acute (SAFETY-A) is a brief, strengths-based, cognitive-behavioral family intervention demonstrated to increase linkage to MHS when implemented in emergency departments. With its focus on strengths and family engagement, SAFETY-A may cultivate a positive therapeutic encounter suited to addressing disparities in MHS by enhancing trust and family collaboration, if appropriately adapted for schools. Thirty-seven school district leaders and frontline school MHS providers from districts serving primarily socioeconomically disadvantaged REM communities participated in key informant interviews and focus groups. First, interviews were conducted to understand usual care processes for responding to students with suicidal thoughts and behaviors and perspectives on the strengths and disadvantages of current practices. An as-is process analysis was used to describe current practices spanning risk assessment, crisis intervention, and follow-up. Second, focus groups were conducted to solicit perceptions of the fit of SAFETY-A for these school contexts. Thematic analysis of the interviews and focus groups was used to identify multilevel facilitators and barriers to SAFETY-A implementation and potential tailoring variables for implementation strategies across school districts.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12310-023-09572-3}, Key = {fds369858} } @misc{fds370391, Author = {Bidopia, T and Engelhard, MM and Kollins, SH and Lunsford-Avery, JR}, Title = {Screen media technology and ADHD in children and adolescents: Potential perils and emerging opportunities}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {260-274}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health, First Edition}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780128188729}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00126-6}, Abstract = {Screen media technology (SMT) use has become increasingly prevalent among youth, and is associated with a variety of negative outcomes, including poor sleep and impairments in several domains of cognitive functioning, including task-switching, attention, working memory, and response inhibition. Youth with ADHD may be particularly vulnerable to the hazards of SMT use and engage in problematic screentime behaviors at disproportionate rates. SMT may result in negative outcomes for individuals with ADHD via several processes, including: (a) screen characteristics, nighttime use, and interference with sleep, (b) media multitasking, (c) device notifications, (d) media content, and (e) compulsive SMT use. Despite the harmful effects of SMT use, digital therapeutics, such as serious game interventions, SMS interventions, and smartphone applications, have demonstrated promise in improving ADHD symptoms and enhancing medication treatment adherence in youth with ADHD. Several unknowns currently exist in relation to the effects of SMT use in children and adolescents with ADHD. Research should focus on disentangling the directionality and strength of the relationship between SMT use and ADHD-related symptoms, along with individual-level factors related to harmful SMT use, such as sociodemographic background. Further research using longitudinal designs and objective measurements of SMT use is needed to better understand the effect of screen-based behaviors on the mental and physical wellbeing of youth with ADHD and to pinpoint potential intervention targets. Parental mediation strategies, such as autonomy-supportive mediation, may be an effective strategy for mitigating the hazardous effects of SMT use in this population.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00126-6}, Key = {fds370391} } @article{fds365163, Author = {Vosburg, SK and Faraone, SV and Riley, E and Whitaker, T and Kardish, J and Baker, D and Kollins, SH and Rush, CR}, Title = {Intranasal Use of Prescription Stimulants Among Adults Aged 18 to 30: Results From A Crowdsourcing Platform.}, Journal = {J Atten Disord}, Volume = {27}, Number = {1}, Pages = {14-25}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10870547221112948}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Few studies of prescription stimulant non-oral, non-medical use (NMU) (defined by use not as prescribed) have been conducted in adults beyond the college population. The purpose of this study was to characterize prescription stimulant non-oral use, specifically intranasal (IN) use (snorting) in young adults. METHOD: Amazon's MTurk platform was used to recruit participants for an online survey. Data were collected from March to April 2020. RESULTS: Thirty-two percent (n = 157) of survey respondents (N = 975), aged 18 to 30, reported IN prescription stimulant use (average of 32.1 episodes of lifetime IN use). Adderall was the most-reported prescription stimulant used intranasally (89.2%). Most IN users (82%; n = 68) reported spending no more than 5 minutes tampering with prescription stimulants. Intranasal users said they would take the medication orally if unable to tamper or manipulate medication for IN use. CONCLUSION: These data help quantify a complex public health issue of ongoing IN use of prescription stimulants and suggest a potential role for manipulation-deterrent medications.}, Doi = {10.1177/10870547221112948}, Key = {fds365163} } @article{fds370921, Author = {Babinski, LM and Murray, DW and Hamm, JV}, Title = {Self-Regulation Challenges and Supports in Middle Level Education: Health Education Teachers’ and School Counselors’ Views}, Journal = {Rmle Online}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1-16}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19404476.2023.2204780}, Abstract = {Adolescents are in a dynamic period of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development. School-based interventions that focus on social-emotional learning, including the development of self-regulation skills, have been shown to have positive impacts on students’ mental health and academic achievement. In this qualitative study, we examine health education teachers’ and school counselors’ views of their students’ challenges and their strategies for supporting students’ social and emotional development. We conducted 16 focus groups and interviews with 24 educators: 16 middle level health education teachers and eight school counselors. Our qualitative analysis of the transcripts indicated that both teachers and counselors described the contexts for students’ challenges as related to academic/school pressures, social media, peer relationships, and home influences. Educators also identified students’ challenges as being related to their developmental stage, challenges with impulsive behaviors, and difficulty regulating emotions. Strategies for supporting students’ self-regulation included day-to-day interactions, skills instruction and practice, positive teacher-student relationships, and a structured classroom environment. Implications for professional development for middle level educators and the implementation of preventive interventions are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1080/19404476.2023.2204780}, Key = {fds370921} } @article{fds364179, Author = {Tyson, CC and Svetkey, LP and Lin, P-H and Granados, I and Kennedy, D and Dunbar, KT and Redd, C and Bennett, G and Boulware, LE and Fish, LJ}, Title = {Self-Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Adherence Among Black Americans With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Qualitative Study.}, Journal = {J Ren Nutr}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {59-68}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2022.05.002}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan improves hypertension in Black individuals and is associated with favorable chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes. Yet, adherence to DASH is low among US adults in general, particularly among Black Americans. We assessed perceptions about DASH, its cultural compatibility, and barriers and facilitators to DASH adherence in Black adults with CKD. DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted focus groups and semistructured individual interviews involving 22 Black men and women with CKD Stages 3-4 from outpatient clinics at a US academic medical center. Transcripts of audio-recorded interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Among participants (2 focus groups [N = 8 and 5] and 9 individual interviews), 13 (59%) had CKD Stage 3, 13 (59%) were female, the median age was 61 years, and 19 (90%) had hypertension. After receiving information about DASH, participants perceived it as culturally compatible based on 3 emergent themes: (1) Black individuals already eat DASH-recommended foods ("Blacks eat pretty much like this"), (2) traditional recipes (e.g., southern or soul food) can be modified into healthy versions ("you can come up with decent substitutes to make it just as good"), and ( 3) diet is not uniform among Black individuals ("I can't say that I eat traditional"). Perceived barriers to DASH adherence included unfamiliarity with serving sizes, poor cooking skills, unsupportive household members, and high cost of healthy food. Eleven (52%) reported after paying monthly bills that they "rarely" or "never" had leftover money to purchase healthy food. Perceived facilitators included having local access to healthy food, living alone or with supportive household members, and having willpower and internal/external motivation for change. CONCLUSIONS: Black adults with CKD viewed DASH as a healthy, culturally compatible diet. Recognizing that diet in Black adults is not uniform, interventions should emphasize person-centered, rather than stereotypically culture-centered, approaches to DASH adherence.}, Doi = {10.1053/j.jrn.2022.05.002}, Key = {fds364179} } @article{fds369723, Author = {Li, X and Towe, SL and Bell, RP and Jiang, R and Hall, SA and Calhoun, VD and Meade, CS and Sui, J}, Title = {The Individualized Prediction of Neurocognitive Function in People Living with HIV Based on Clinical and Multimodal Connectome Data.}, Journal = {Ieee Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics}, Volume = {PP}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240508}, Abstract = {Neurocognitive impairment continues to be common comorbidity for people living with HIV (PLWH). Given the chronic nature of HIV disease, identifying reliable biomarkers of these impairments is essential to advance our understanding of the underlying neural foundation and facilitate screening and diagnosis in clinical care. While neuroimaging provides immense potential for such biomarkers, to date, investigations in PLWH have been mostly limited to either univariate mass techniques or a single neuroimaging modality. In the present study, connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) was proposed to predict individual differences of cognitive functioning in PLWH, using resting-state functional connectivity (FC), white matter structural connectivity (SC), and clinical relevant measures. We also adopted an efficient feature selection approach to identify the most predictive features, which achieved an optimal prediction accuracy of r = 0.61 in the discovery dataset (n = 102) and r = 0.45 in an independent validation HIV cohort (n = 88). Two brain templates and nine distinct prediction models were also tested for better modeling generalizability. Results show that combining multimodal FC and SC features enabled higher prediction accuracy of cognitive scores in PLWH, while adding clinical and demographic metrics may further improve the prediction by introducing complementary information, which may help better evaluate the individual-level cognitive performance in PLWH.}, Doi = {10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240508}, Key = {fds369723} } @article{fds370934, Author = {Barrett-Young, A and Abraham, WC and Cheung, CY and Gale, J and Hogan, S and Ireland, D and Keenan, R and Knodt, AR and Melzer, TR and Moffitt, TE and Ramrakha, S and Tham, YC and Wilson, GA and Wong, TY and Hariri, AR and Poulton, R}, Title = {Associations Between Thinner Retinal Neuronal Layers and Suboptimal Brain Structural Integrity in a Middle-Aged Cohort.}, Journal = {Eye and Brain}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {25-35}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/eb.s402510}, Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>The retina has potential as a biomarker of brain health and Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it is the only part of the central nervous system which can be easily imaged and has advantages over brain imaging technologies. Few studies have compared retinal and brain measurements in a middle-aged sample. The objective of our study was to investigate whether retinal neuronal measurements were associated with structural brain measurements in a middle-aged population-based cohort.<h4>Participants and methods</h4>Participants were members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (n=1037; a longitudinal cohort followed from birth and at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, and most recently at age 45, when 94% of the living Study members participated). Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Brain age gap estimate (brainAGE), cortical surface area, cortical thickness, subcortical grey matter volumes, white matter hyperintensities, were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<h4>Results</h4>Participants with both MRI and OCT data were included in the analysis (RNFL n=828, female n=413 [49.9%], male n=415 [50.1%]; GC-IPL n=825, female n=413 [50.1%], male n=412 [49.9%]). Thinner retinal neuronal layers were associated with older brain age, smaller cortical surface area, thinner average cortex, smaller subcortical grey matter volumes, and increased volume of white matter hyperintensities.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings provide evidence that the retinal neuronal layers reflect differences in midlife structural brain integrity consistent with increased risk for later AD, supporting the proposition that the retina may be an early biomarker of brain health.}, Doi = {10.2147/eb.s402510}, Key = {fds370934} } @article{fds370405, Author = {Simmons, C and Helming, K and Musholt, K and Sinnott-Armstrong, W}, Title = {Where is the golden mean of intellectual humility? Comments on Ballantyne}, Journal = {The Journal of Positive Psychology}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Pages = {240-243}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2022.2155227}, Abstract = {In his admirable review, Ballantyne characterizes intellectual humility (IH) as a personal way ‘to manage evidence … in seeking truth.’ However, not every way of managing truth is virtuous. Since IH is supposed to be an intellectual virtue, we propose that IH should be understood as a ‘golden mean’ or ‘middle path’ between extremes of intellectual arrogance and lack of self-confidence (or between dogmatism and gullibility). The golden mean should not be characterized descriptively by the statistical mean of a population but instead either epistemically by accuracy in intellectual assessments of oneself and others or pragmatically by the kinds of such assessments that enable or lead to successful inquiry. This comment explains and considers advantages and disadvantages of these two ways of locating the golden mean.}, Doi = {10.1080/17439760.2022.2155227}, Key = {fds370405} } @article{fds372262, Author = {McKee, P and Kim, HE and Tang, H and Everett, JAC and Chituc, V and Gibea, T and Marques, LM and Boggio, P and Sinnott-Armstrong, W}, Title = {Does it matter who harmed whom? A cross-cultural study of moral judgments about harm by and to insiders and outsiders}, Journal = {Current Psychology}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04986-3}, Abstract = {This cross-cultural study compared judgments of moral wrongness for physical and emotional harm with varying combinations of in-group vs. out-group agents and victims across six countries: the United States of America (N = 937), the United Kingdom (N = 995), Romania (N = 782), Brazil (N = 856), South Korea (N = 1776), and China (N = 1008). Consistent with our hypothesis we found evidence of an insider agent effect, where moral violations committed by outsider agents are generally considered more morally wrong than the same violations done by insider agents. We also found support for an insider victim effect where moral violations that were committed against an insider victim generally were seen as more morally wrong than when the same violations were committed against an outsider, and this effect held across all countries. These findings provide evidence that the insider versus outsider status of agents and victims does affect moral judgments. However, the interactions of these identities with collectivism, psychological closeness, and type of harm (emotional or physical) are more complex than what is suggested by previous literature.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12144-023-04986-3}, Key = {fds372262} } @article{fds372817, Author = {Sinnott-Armstrong, W}, Title = {Dahl’s Definition of Morality}, Journal = {Psychological Inquiry}, Volume = {34}, Number = {2}, Pages = {106-109}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2023.2248853}, Doi = {10.1080/1047840X.2023.2248853}, Key = {fds372817} } @article{fds374251, Author = {Boggio, PS and Rêgo, GG and Everett, JAC and Vieira, GB and Graves, R and Sinnott-Armstrong, W}, Title = {Who did it? Moral wrongness for us and them in the UK, US, and Brazil}, Journal = {Philosophical Psychology}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2023.2278637}, Abstract = {Morality has traditionally been described in terms of an impartial and objective “moral law”, and moral psychological research has largely followed in this vein, focusing on abstract moral judgments. But might our moral judgments be shaped not just by what the action is, but who is doing it? We looked at ratings of moral wrongness, manipulating whether the person doing the action was a friend, a refugee, or a stranger. We looked at these ratings across various moral foundations, and conducted the study in Brazil, US, and UK samples. Our most robust and consistent findings are that purity violations were judged more harshly when committed by ingroup members and less harshly when committed by the refugees in comparison to the unspecified agents, the difference between refugee and unspecified agents decays from liberals to conservatives, i.e., conservatives judge them more harshly than liberals do, and Brazilians participants are harsher than the US and UK participants. Our results suggest that purity violations are judged differently according to who committed them and according to the political ideology of the judges. We discuss the findings in light of various theories of groups dynamics, such as moral hypocrisy, moral disengagement, and the black sheep effect.}, Doi = {10.1080/09515089.2023.2278637}, Key = {fds374251} } @article{fds363672, Author = {Proudfoot, D and Kay, AC}, Title = {Communal expectations conflict with autonomy motives: The western drive for autonomy shapes women's negative responses to positive gender stereotypes.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {124}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-21}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000311}, Abstract = {Western culture idealizes an autonomous self-a self that strives for independence and freedom from the influence and control of others. We explored how the value placed on autonomy in Western culture intersects with the normative trait expectations experienced by men and women. While trait expectations placed on men (i.e., to be confident and assertive) affirm an autonomous sense of self, trait expectations placed on women (i.e., to be caring and understanding) conflict with an autonomous sense of self. We theorized that this conflict contributes to women's resentment toward positive gender stereotypes that emphasize women's interdependent qualities. Six preregistered studies (<i>N</i> = 2,094) demonstrated that U.S. women experienced more anger in response to positive-gendered trait expectations and less motivation to comply with them compared to U.S. men. We found that these effects were partially attributable to stereotypically feminine communal expectations affirming autonomy less than stereotypically masculine agentic expectations. Cross-cultural comparisons between the U.S. (a Western context) and India (a non-Western context) further indicated that the conflict between communal expectations placed on women and Western prioritization of autonomy contributes to U.S. women's anger toward positive gender stereotypes: Although traits expected of women in both the U.S. and India oriented women away from feeling autonomous more than traits expected of men, this diminished sense of being autonomous only elicited anger in a U.S. context. For Western societies, findings illuminate the uniquely frustrating nature of stereotyped expectations that demand interdependence and thus the unequal psychological burden placed on those who must contend with them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/pspa0000311}, Key = {fds363672} } @article{fds367447, Author = {Bukhari-Parlakturk, N and Lutz, MW and Al-Khalidi, HR and Unnithan, S and Wang, JE-H and Scott, B and Termsarasab, P and Appelbaum, LG and Calakos, N}, Title = {Suitability of Automated Writing Measures for Clinical Trial Outcome in Writer's Cramp.}, Journal = {Mov Disord}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {123-132}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.29237}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is a rare disease that causes abnormal postures during the writing task. Successful research studies for WC and other forms of dystonia are contingent on identifying sensitive and specific measures that relate to the clinical syndrome and achieve a realistic sample size to power research studies for a rare disease. Although prior studies have used writing kinematics, their diagnostic performance remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of automated measures that distinguish subjects with WC from healthy volunteers. METHODS: A total of 21 subjects with WC and 22 healthy volunteers performed a sentence-copying assessment on a digital tablet using kinematic and hand recognition softwares. The sensitivity and specificity of automated measures were calculated using a logistic regression model. Power analysis was performed for two clinical research designs using these measures. The test and retest reliability of select automated measures was compared across repeat sentence-copying assessments. Lastly, a correlational analysis with subject- and clinician-rated outcomes was performed to understand the clinical meaning of automated measures. RESULTS: Of the 23 measures analyzed, the measures of word legibility and peak accelerations distinguished subjects with WC from healthy volunteers with high sensitivity and specificity and demonstrated smaller sample sizes suitable for rare disease studies, and the kinematic measures showed high reliability across repeat visits, while both word legibility and peak accelerations measures showed significant correlations with the subject- and clinician-rated outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Novel automated measures that capture key aspects of the disease and are suitable for use in clinical research studies of WC dystonia were identified. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.}, Doi = {10.1002/mds.29237}, Key = {fds367447} } @article{fds373960, Author = {Sim, A and Jirapramukpitak, T and Eagling-Peche, S and Lwin, KZ and Melendez-Torres, GJ and Gonzalez, A and Oo, NN and Castello Mitjans, I and Soan, M and Punpuing, S and Lee, C and Chuenglertsiri, P and Moo, T and Puffer, E}, Title = {A film-based intervention to reduce child maltreatment among migrant and displaced families from Myanmar: Protocol of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {18}, Number = {10}, Pages = {e0293623}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293623}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Child maltreatment is a global public health crisis with negative consequences for physical and mental health. Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)-particularly those affected by poverty, armed conflict, and forced migration-may be at increased risk of maltreatment due to heightened parental distress and disruptions to social support networks. Parenting interventions have been shown to reduce the risk of child maltreatment as well as improve a range of caregiver and child outcomes, yet large-scale implementation remains limited in low-resource displacement settings. This study will examine the impact of an entertainment-education narrative film intervention on reducing physical and emotional abuse and increasing positive parenting among migrant and displaced families from Myanmar living in Thailand.<h4>Method</h4>The study is a pragmatic, superiority cluster randomized controlled trial with approximately 40 communities randomized to the intervention or treatment as usual arms in a 1:1 ratio. Participating families in the intervention arm will be invited to attend a community screening of the film intervention and a post-screening discussion, as well as receive a poster depicting key messages from the film. Primary outcomes are changes in physical abuse, emotional abuse, and positive parenting behaviour. Secondary outcomes include caregiver knowledge of positive parenting, caregiver attitudes towards harsh punishment, caregiver psychological distress, and family functioning. Outcomes will be assessed at 3 time points: baseline, 4 weeks post-intervention, and 4-month follow up. A mixed methods process evaluation will be embedded within the trial to assess intervention delivery, acceptability, perceived impacts, and potential mechanisms of change.<h4>Discussion</h4>To our knowledge, this study will be the first randomized controlled trial evaluation of a film-based intervention to reduce child maltreatment among migrant and displaced families in a LMIC. An integrated knowledge translation approach will inform uptake of study findings and application to potential scale up pending evaluation results.<h4>Trial registration</h4>The study was prospectively registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry on 22 February 2023 (TCTR20230222005).}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0293623}, Key = {fds373960} } @article{fds369073, Author = {Giusto, A and Jack, HE and Magidson, JF and Ayuku, D and Johnson, SL and Lovero, KL and Hankerson, SH and Sweetland, AC and Myers, B and Fortunato dos Santos and P and Puffer, ES and Wainberg, ML}, Title = {Global Is Local: Leveraging Global Mental-Health Methods to Promote Equity and Address Disparities in the United States}, Journal = {Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Pages = {216770262211257-216770262211257}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21677026221125715}, Abstract = {Structural barriers perpetuate mental-health disparities for minoritized U.S. populations; global mental health (GMH) takes an interdisciplinary approach to increasing mental-health-care access and relevance. Mutual capacity-building partnerships between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries are beginning to use GMH strategies to address disparities across contexts. We highlight these partnerships and share GMH strategies through a case series of said partnerships between Kenya and North Carolina, South Africa and Maryland, and Mozambique and New York. We analyzed case materials and narrative descriptions using document review. Shared strategies across cases included qualitative formative work and partnership building; selecting and adapting evidence-based interventions; prioritizing accessible, feasible delivery; task sharing; tailoring training and supervision; and mixed-method, hybrid designs. Bidirectional learning between partners improved the use of strategies in both settings. Integrating GMH strategies into clinical science—and facilitating learning across settings—can improve efforts to expand care in ways that consider culture, context, and systems in low-resource settings.}, Doi = {10.1177/21677026221125715}, Key = {fds369073} } @article{fds370315, Author = {Satinsky, EN and Kakuhikire, B and Baguma, C and Cooper-Vince, CE and Rasmussen, JD and Ashaba, S and Perkins, JM and Ahereza, P and Ayebare, P and Kim, AW and Puffer, ES and Tsai, AC}, Title = {Caregiver preferences for physically harsh discipline of children in rural Uganda}, Journal = {Journal of Family Violence}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00536-4}, Abstract = {Purpose: Physically harsh discipline is associated with poor developmental outcomes among children. These practices are more prevalent in areas experiencing poverty and resource scarcity, including in low- and middle-income countries. Designed to limit social desirability bias, this cross-sectional study in rural Uganda estimated caregiver preferences for physically harsh discipline; differences by caregiver sex, child sex, and setting; and associations with indicators of household economic stress and insecurity. Method: Three-hundred-fifty adult caregivers were shown six hypothetical pictographic scenarios depicting children whining, spilling a drink, and kicking a caregiver. Girls and boys were depicted engaging in each of the three behaviors. Approximately half of the participants were shown scenes from a market setting and half were shown scenes from a household setting. For each scenario, caregivers reported the discipline strategy they would use (time out, beating, discussing, yelling, ignoring, slapping). Results: Two thirds of the participants selected a physically harsh discipline strategy (beating, slapping) at least once. Women selected more physically harsh discipline strategies than men (b = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26 to 0.54). Participants shown scenes from the market selected fewer physically harsh discipline strategies than participants shown scenes from the household (b = -0.51; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.33). Finally, caregivers selected more physically harsh discipline strategies in response to boys than girls. Indicators of economic insecurity were inconsistently associated with preferences for physically harsh discipline. Conclusions: The high prevalence of physically harsh discipline preferences warrant interventions aimed at reframing caregivers’ approaches to discipline.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10896-023-00536-4}, Key = {fds370315} } @article{fds371298, Author = {Barnett, ML and Puffer, ES and Ng, LC and Jaguga, F}, Title = {Effective training practices for non-specialist providers to promote high-quality mental health intervention delivery: A narrative review with four case studies from Kenya, Ethiopia, and the United States.}, Journal = {Global Mental Health (Cambridge, England)}, Volume = {10}, Pages = {e26}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2023.19}, Abstract = {Mental health needs and disparities are widespread and have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the greatest burden being on marginalized individuals worldwide. The World Health Organization developed the Mental Health Gap Action Programme to address growing global mental health needs by promoting task sharing in the delivery of psychosocial and psychological interventions. However, little is known about the training needed for non-specialists to deliver these interventions with high levels of competence and fidelity. This article provides a brief conceptual overview of the evidence concerning the training of non-specialists carrying out task-sharing psychosocial and psychological interventions while utilizing illustrative case studies from Kenya, Ethiopia, and the United States to highlight findings from the literature. In this article, the authors discuss the importance of tailoring training to the skills and needs of the non-specialist providers and their roles in the delivery of an intervention. This narrative review with four case studies advocates for training that recognizes the expertise that non-specialist providers bring to intervention delivery, including how they promote culturally responsive care within their communities.}, Doi = {10.1017/gmh.2023.19}, Key = {fds371298} } @article{fds375963, Author = {Maloney, CA and Wall, T and Giusto, AM and Chase, RM and Finnegan, A and Sim, A and Zayzay, JO and Puffer, ES}, Title = {Early Childhood Parenting Programs and Community Peacebuilding Behaviors: A Case Study From Postconflict Liberia}, Journal = {Peace and Conflict : Journal of Peace Psychology : the Journal of the Division of Peace Psychology of the American Psychological Association}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000717}, Abstract = {Despite the connection between early childhood development (ECD) and later behavioral outcomes, peacebuilding frameworks have only recently begun to explore pathways through which ECD programs promote peace in community contexts. Recent literature theorizes that ECD interventions may spill over from family to community interactions, which is particularly important in areas affected by conflict. The current case study explored qualitative outcomes associated with peacebuilding behaviors across a randomized controlled trial of Parents Make the Difference, a parenting program in postconflict Liberia. Parents or primary caregivers of children aged 3–5 years (N = 813) attended 10 weekly sessions, with 75 completing follow-up interviews. Participants described engaging in prosocial behaviors in the context of their community following program completion, such as decreased personal conflict and empowerment to mediate conflict between peers. Findings highlight improved community relationships in promoting peace among adults and modeling these behaviors for children during a critical period of development.}, Doi = {10.1037/pac0000717}, Key = {fds375963} } @article{fds365621, Author = {Murray, S and Krasich, K and Irving, Z and Nadelhoffer, T and De Brigard, F}, Title = {Mental control and attributions of blame for negligent wrongdoing.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. General}, Volume = {152}, Number = {1}, Pages = {120-138}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001262}, Abstract = {Third-personal judgments of blame are typically sensitive to what an agent knows and desires. However, when people act negligently, they do not know what they are doing and do not desire the outcomes of their negligence. How, then, do people attribute blame for negligent wrongdoing? We propose that people attribute blame for negligent wrongdoing based on perceived <i>mental</i> <i>control</i>, or the degree to which an agent guides their thoughts and attention over time. To acquire information about others' mental control, people self-project their own perceived mental control to anchor third-personal judgments about mental control and concomitant responsibility for negligent wrongdoing. In four experiments (<i>N</i> = 841), we tested whether perceptions of mental control drive third-personal judgments of blame for negligent wrongdoing. Study 1 showed that the ease with which people can counterfactually imagine an individual being non-negligent mediated the relationship between judgments of control and blame. Studies 2a and 2b indicated that perceived mental control has a strong effect on judgments of blame for negligent wrongdoing and that first-personal judgments of mental control are moderately correlated with third-personal judgments of blame for negligent wrongdoing. Finally, we used an autobiographical memory manipulation in Study 3 to make personal episodes of forgetfulness salient. Participants for whom past personal episodes of forgetfulness were made salient judged negligent wrongdoers less harshly compared with a control group for whom past episodes of negligence were not salient. Collectively, these findings suggest that first-personal judgments of mental control drive third-personal judgments of blame for negligent wrongdoing and indicate a novel role for counterfactual thinking in the attribution of responsibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/xge0001262}, Key = {fds365621} } @article{fds372917, Author = {Uddin, LQ and Betzel, RF and Cohen, JR and Damoiseaux, JS and De Brigard, F and Eickhoff, SB and Fornito, A and Gratton, C and Gordon, EM and Laird, AR and Larson-Prior, L and McIntosh, AR and Nickerson, LD and Pessoa, L and Pinho, AL and Poldrack, RA and Razi, A and Sadaghiani, S and Shine, JM and Yendiki, A and Yeo, BTT and Spreng, RN}, Title = {Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature.}, Journal = {Network Neuroscience}, Volume = {7}, Number = {3}, Pages = {864-905}, Publisher = {M I T PRESS}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00323}, Abstract = {Progress in scientific disciplines is accompanied by standardization of terminology. Network neuroscience, at the level of macroscale organization of the brain, is beginning to confront the challenges associated with developing a taxonomy of its fundamental explanatory constructs. The Workgroup for HArmonized Taxonomy of NETworks (WHATNET) was formed in 2020 as an Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM)-endorsed best practices committee to provide recommendations on points of consensus, identify open questions, and highlight areas of ongoing debate in the service of moving the field toward standardized reporting of network neuroscience results. The committee conducted a survey to catalog current practices in large-scale brain network nomenclature. A few well-known network names (e.g., default mode network) dominated responses to the survey, and a number of illuminating points of disagreement emerged. We summarize survey results and provide initial considerations and recommendations from the workgroup. This perspective piece includes a selective review of challenges to this enterprise, including (1) network scale, resolution, and hierarchies; (2) interindividual variability of networks; (3) dynamics and nonstationarity of networks; (4) consideration of network affiliations of subcortical structures; and (5) consideration of multimodal information. We close with minimal reporting guidelines for the cognitive and network neuroscience communities to adopt.}, Doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00323}, Key = {fds372917} } @article{fds365562, Author = {Krishnappa Babu and PR and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Aiello, R and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Franz, L and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic toddlers.}, Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {64}, Number = {1}, Pages = {156-166}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13681}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early differences in sensorimotor functioning have been documented in young autistic children and infants who are later diagnosed with autism. Previous research has demonstrated that autistic toddlers exhibit more frequent head movement when viewing dynamic audiovisual stimuli, compared to neurotypical toddlers. To further explore this behavioral characteristic, in this study, computer vision (CV) analysis was used to measure several aspects of head movement dynamics of autistic and neurotypical toddlers while they watched a set of brief movies with social and nonsocial content presented on a tablet. METHODS: Data were collected from 457 toddlers, 17-36 months old, during their well-child visit to four pediatric primary care clinics. Forty-one toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with autism. An application (app) displayed several brief movies on a tablet, and the toddlers watched these movies while sitting on their caregiver's lap. The front-facing camera in the tablet recorded the toddlers' behavioral responses. CV was used to measure the participants' head movement rate, movement acceleration, and complexity using multiscale entropy. RESULTS: Autistic toddlers exhibited significantly higher rate, acceleration, and complexity in their head movements while watching the movies compared to neurotypical toddlers, regardless of the type of movie content (social vs. nonsocial). The combined features of head movement acceleration and complexity reliably distinguished the autistic and neurotypical toddlers. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic toddlers exhibit differences in their head movement dynamics when viewing audiovisual stimuli. Higher complexity of their head movements suggests that their movements were less predictable and less stable compared to neurotypical toddlers. CV offers a scalable means of detecting subtle differences in head movement dynamics, which may be helpful in identifying early behaviors associated with autism and providing insight into the nature of sensorimotor differences associated with autism.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13681}, Key = {fds365562} } @article{fds367087, Author = {Webb, SJ and Naples, AJ and Levin, AR and Hellemann, G and Borland, H and Benton, J and Carlos, C and McAllister, T and Santhosh, M and Seow, H and Atyabi, A and Bernier, R and Chawarska, K and Dawson, G and Dziura, J and Faja, S and Jeste, S and Murias, M and Nelson, CA and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Senturk, D and Shic, F and Sugar, CA and McPartland, JC}, Title = {The Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials: Initial Evaluation of a Battery of Candidate EEG Biomarkers.}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {180}, Number = {1}, Pages = {41-49}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.21050485}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Numerous candidate EEG biomarkers have been put forward for use in clinical research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but biomarker development has been hindered by limited attention to the psychometric properties of derived variables, inconsistent results across small studies, and variable methodology. The authors evaluated the basic psychometric properties of a battery of EEG assays for their potential suitability as biomarkers in clinical trials. METHODS: This was a large, multisite, naturalistic study in 6- to 11-year-old children who either had an ASD diagnosis (N=280) or were typically developing (N=119). The authors evaluated an EEG battery composed of well-studied assays of resting-state activity, face perception (faces task), biological motion perception, and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Biomarker psychometrics were evaluated in terms of acquisition rates, construct performance, and 6-week stability. Preliminary evaluation of use was explored through group discrimination and phenotypic correlations. RESULTS: Three assays (resting state, faces task, and VEP) show promise in terms of acquisition rates and construct performance. Six-week stability values in the ASD group were moderate (intraclass correlations ≥0.66) for the faces task latency of the P1 and N170, the VEP amplitude of N1 and P1, and resting alpha power. Group discrimination and phenotype correlations were primarily observed for the faces task P1 and N170. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a large-scale, rigorous evaluation of candidate EEG biomarkers for use in ASD clinical trials, neural response to faces emerged as a promising biomarker for continued evaluation. Resting-state activity and VEP yielded mixed results. The study's biological motion perception assay failed to display construct performance. The results provide information about EEG biomarker performance that is relevant for the next stage of biomarker development efforts focused on context of use.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.21050485}, Key = {fds367087} } @article{fds374238, Author = {Kwan, B and Sugar, CA and Qian, Q and Shic, F and Naples, A and Johnson, SP and Webb, SJ and Jeste, S and Faja, S and Levin, AR and Dawson, G and McPartland, JC and Şentürk, D}, Title = {Constrained Multivariate Functional Principal Components Analysis for Novel Outcomes in Eye-Tracking Experiments}, Journal = {Statistics in Biosciences}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12561-023-09399-1}, Abstract = {Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to experience greater difficulties with social communication and sensory information processing. Of particular interest in ASD biomarker research is the study of visual attention, effectively quantified in eye tracking (ET) experiments. Eye tracking offers a powerful, safe, and feasible platform for gaining insights into attentional processes by measuring moment-by-moment gaze patterns in response to stimuli. Even though recording is done with millisecond granularity, analyses commonly collapse data across trials into variables such as proportion time spent looking at a region of interest (ROI). In addition, looking times in different ROIs are typically analyzed separately. We propose a novel multivariate functional outcome that carries proportion looking time information from multiple regions of interest jointly as a function of trial type, along with a novel constrained multivariate functional principal components analysis procedure to capture the variation in this outcome. The method incorporates the natural constraint that the proportion looking times from the multiple regions of interest must sum up to one. Our approach is motivated by the Activity Monitoring task, a social-attentional assay within the ET battery of the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC-CT). Application of our methods to the ABC-CT data yields new insights into dominant modes of variation of proportion looking times from multiple regions of interest for school-age children with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers, as well as richer analysis of diagnostic group differences in social attention.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12561-023-09399-1}, Key = {fds374238} } @article{fds376090, Author = {Lavechin, M and Metais, M and Titeux, H and Boissonnet, A and Copet, J and Riviere, M and Bergelson, E and Cristia, A and Dupoux, E and Bredin, H}, Title = {Brouhaha: Multi-Task Training for Voice Activity Detection, Speech-to-Noise Ratio, and C50 Room Acoustics Estimation}, Journal = {2023 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop, ASRU 2023}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9798350306897}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ASRU57964.2023.10389718}, Abstract = {Most automatic speech processing systems register degraded performance when applied to noisy or reverberant speech. But how can one tell whether speech is noisy or reverberant? We propose Brouhaha, a neural network jointly trained to extract speech/non-speech segments, speech-to-noise ratios, and C50 room acoustics from single-channel recordings. Brouhaha is trained using a data-driven approach in which noisy and reverberant audio segments are synthesized. We first evaluate its performance and demonstrate that the proposed multi-task regime is beneficial. We then present two scenarios illustrating how Brouhaha can be used on naturally noisy and reverberant data: 1) to investigate the errors made by a speaker diarization model (pyannote.audio); and 2) to assess the reliability of an automatic speech recognition model (Whisper from OpenAI). Both our pipeline and a pretrained model are open source and shared with the speech community.}, Doi = {10.1109/ASRU57964.2023.10389718}, Key = {fds376090} } @article{fds362755, Author = {Hepach, R and Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Gerdemann, SC and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Evidence for a developmental shift in the motivation underlying helping in early childhood.}, Journal = {Developmental Science}, Volume = {26}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e13253}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13253}, Abstract = {We investigated children's positive emotions as an indicator of their underlying prosocial motivation. In Study 1, 2-, and 5-year-old children (N = 64) could either help an individual or watch as another person provided help. Following the helping event and using depth sensor imaging, we measured children's positive emotions through changes in postural elevation. For 2-year-olds, helping the individual and watching another person help was equally rewarding; 5-year-olds showed greater postural elevation after actively helping. In Study 2, 5-year-olds' (N = 59) positive emotions following helping were greater when an audience was watching. Together, these results suggest that 2-year-old children have an intrinsic concern that individuals be helped whereas 5-year-old children have an additional, strategic motivation to improve their reputation by helping.}, Doi = {10.1111/desc.13253}, Key = {fds362755} } @article{fds365125, Author = {Tomasello, M}, Title = {Social cognition and metacognition in great apes: a theory.}, Journal = {Animal Cognition}, Volume = {26}, Number = {1}, Pages = {25-35}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01662-0}, Abstract = {Twenty-five years ago, at the founding of this journal, there existed only a few conflicting findings about great apes' social-cognitive skills (theory of mind). In the 2 ½ decades since, we have discovered that great apes understand the goals, intentions, perceptions, and knowledge of others, and they use this knowledge to their advantage in competitive interactions. Twenty-five years ago there existed basically no studies on great apes' metacognitive skills. In the 2 ½ decades since, we have discovered that great apes monitor their uncertainty and base their decisions on that, or else decide to gather more information to make better decisions. The current paper reviews the past 25 years of research on great ape social cognition and metacognition and proposes a theory about how the two are evolutionarily related.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10071-022-01662-0}, Key = {fds365125} } @article{fds371813, Author = {Wolf, W and Thielhelm, J and Tomasello, M}, Title = {Five-year-old children show cooperative preferences for faces with white sclera.}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, Volume = {225}, Pages = {105532}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105532}, Abstract = {The cooperative eye hypothesis posits that human eye morphology evolved to facilitate cooperation. Although it is known that young children prefer stimuli with eyes that contain white sclera, it is unknown whether white sclera influences children's perception of a partner's cooperativeness specifically. In the current studies, we used an online methodology to present 5-year-old children with moving three-dimensional face models in which facial morphology was manipulated. Children found "alien" faces with human eyes more cooperative than faces with dark sclera (Study 2) but not faces with enlarged irises (Study 1). For more human-like faces (Study 3), children found human eyes more cooperative than either enlarged irises or dark sclera and found faces with enlarged irises cuter (but not more cooperative) than eyes with dark sclera. Together, these results provide strong support for the cooperative eye hypothesis.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105532}, Key = {fds371813} } @misc{fds371506, Author = {Tomasello, M}, Title = {Having Intentions, Understanding Intentions, and Understanding Communicative Intentions}, Pages = {63-75}, Booktitle = {Developing Theories of Intention: Social Understanding and Self-Control}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780805831412}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417927-5}, Abstract = {This chapter looks at a major cause and a major consequence of the 9-month social-cognitive revolution; and both of these also concern infant intentionality. It argues that young children’s understanding of other persons as intentional agents results in large part from newly emerging forms of intentionality in their own sensory-motor actions. The chapter explores young children’s understanding of a special type of intention that emerges directly on the heels of the 9-month revolution, namely, communicative intentions. Intentional agents have goals and make active choices among behavioral means for attaining those goals. Important, intentional agents also make active choices about what they pay attention to in pursuing those goals. ntentional agents have goals and make active choices among behavioral means for attaining those goals. Important, intentional agents also make active choices about what they pay attention to in pursuing those goals.}, Doi = {10.4324/9781003417927-5}, Key = {fds371506} } @article{fds367774, Author = {Meyers, C and Gaither, SE and Remedios, J and Pauker, K}, Title = {Detecting biracial identity strength: Perceived phenotypicality is inaccurate}, Journal = {Self and Identity}, Volume = {22}, Number = {4}, Pages = {533-562}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2146742}, Abstract = {Past work on Black and Latinx individuals demonstrates that observers can accurately predict an individual’s racial identity strength based on the observers’ perceptions of the individual’s phenotypic prototypicality (how much someone looks like a prototypical member of their racial group). However, the growing Biracial demographic varies considerably in racial identification, suggesting a monoracial approach to infer racial identity strength may not translate to Biracial individuals. In three studies, Biracial Black/White participants were photographed and completed a racial identity strength scale. Subsequently, we had raters judge the Biracial targets’ phenotypic prototypicality and perceived levels racial identity strength. Overall, perceivers could not accurately predict Biracial individuals’ racial identity strength via their phenotypic prototypicality.}, Doi = {10.1080/15298868.2022.2146742}, Key = {fds367774} } @article{fds374920, Author = {Halim, MLD and Glazier, JJ and Martinez, MA and Stanaland, A and Gaither, SE and Dunham, Y and Pauker, K and Olson, KR}, Title = {Gender attitudes and gender discrimination among ethnically and geographically diverse young children}, Journal = {Infant and Child Development}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.2482}, Abstract = {Despite increasing advocacy for gender equality, gender prejudice and discrimination persist. The origins of these biases develop in early childhood, but it is less clear whether (1) children's gender attitudes predict discrimination and (2) gender attitudes and discrimination vary by ethnicity and US region. We examine these questions with an ethnically (Asian, Black, Latinx and White) and geographically (Northeast, Pacific Northwest, West, Southeast and Hawaii) diverse sample of 4- to 6-year-old children (N = 605) who completed measures of gender attitudes and discrimination in a preregistered study. Children, across groups, demonstrated more positive attitudes towards their gender ingroup. Children who showed more pro-ingroup attitudes also showed more pro-ingroup behavioural discrimination. Girls showed stronger ingroup favouritism than boys, but ethnic and regional groups generally did not vary in levels of bias. These findings contribute to our understanding of how gender intergroup biases develop and highlight the generalizability of these processes.}, Doi = {10.1002/icd.2482}, Key = {fds374920} } @article{fds358298, Author = {Seaman, KL and Juarez, EJ and Troutman, A and Salerno, JM and Samanez-Larkin, SP and Samanez-Larkin, GR}, Title = {Decision Making across Adulthood during Physical Distancing.}, Journal = {Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn}, Volume = {30}, Number = {1}, Pages = {53-65}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2021.1962793}, Abstract = {Covid-19-related social-distancing measures have dramatically limited physical social contact between individuals and increased monetary and health concerns for individuals of all ages. We wondered how these new societal conditions would impact the choices individuals make about monetary, health, and social rewards, and if these unprecedented conditions would have a differential impact on older individuals. We conducted two online studies to examine temporal discounting of monetary, health, and social rewards; stated preferences for monetary, health, and social rewards; and physical distancing behaviors. Both studies recruited equal numbers of White/Caucasian, Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latinx participants. We found that older adults were more likely to prefer smaller, sooner social and health-related rewards in decision-making tasks. These data further support the assertion that older adults have increased motivation for social and health rewards compared to younger individuals and that these age differences in motivation are important to consider when examining decision-making across the adult life span.}, Doi = {10.1080/13825585.2021.1962793}, Key = {fds358298} } @article{fds369179, Author = {Sinclair, AH and Taylor, MK and Weitz, JS and Beckett, SJ and Samanez-Larkin, GR}, Title = {Reasons for Receiving or Not Receiving Bivalent COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations Among Adults - United States, November 1-December 10, 2022.}, Journal = {Mmwr. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report}, Volume = {72}, Number = {3}, Pages = {73-75}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7203a5}, Abstract = {Bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccines, developed to protect against both ancestral and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 variants, are recommended to increase protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease* (1,2). However, relatively few eligible U.S. adults have received a bivalent booster dose (3), and reasons for low coverage are unclear. An opt-in Internet survey of 1,200 COVID-19-vaccinated U.S. adults was conducted to assess reasons for receiving or not receiving a bivalent booster dose. Participants could select multiple reasons from a list of suggested reasons to report why they had or had not received a bivalent booster dose. The most common reasons cited for not receiving the bivalent booster dose were lack of awareness of eligibility for vaccination (23.2%) or of vaccine availability (19.3%), and perceived immunity against infection (18.9%). After viewing information about eligibility and availability, 67.8% of participants who had not received the bivalent booster dose indicated that they planned to do so; in a follow-up survey 1 month later, 28.6% of these participants reported having received the dose. Among those who had planned to receive the booster dose but had not yet done so, 82.6% still intended to do so. Participants who had still not received the booster dose most commonly reported being too busy to get vaccinated (35.6%). To help increase bivalent booster dose coverage, health care and public health professionals should use evidence-based strategies to convey information about booster vaccination recommendations and waning immunity (4), while also working to increase convenient access.}, Doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm7203a5}, Key = {fds369179} } @article{fds370892, Author = {Green, MA and Crawford, JL and Kuhnen, CM and Samanez-Larkin, GR and Seaman, KL}, Title = {Multivariate associations between dopamine receptor availability and risky investment decision-making across adulthood.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex Commun}, Volume = {4}, Number = {2}, Pages = {tgad008}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgad008}, Abstract = {Enhancing dopamine increases financial risk taking across adulthood but it is unclear whether baseline individual differences in dopamine function are related to risky financial decisions. Here, thirty-five healthy adults completed an incentive-compatible risky investment decision task and a PET scan at rest using [11C]FLB457 to assess dopamine D2-like receptor availability. Participants made choices between a safe asset (bond) and a risky asset (stock) with either an expected value less than the bond ("bad stock") or expected value greater than the bond ("good stock"). Five measures of behavior (choice inflexibility, risk seeking, suboptimal investment) and beliefs (absolute error, optimism) were computed and D2-like binding potential was extracted from four brain regions of interest (midbrain, amygdala, anterior cingulate, insula). We used canonical correlation analysis to evaluate multivariate associations between decision-making and dopamine function controlling for age. Decomposition of the first dimension (<i>r</i> = 0.76) revealed that the strongest associations were between measures of choice inflexibility, incorrect choice, optimism, amygdala binding potential, and age. Follow-up univariate analyses revealed that amygdala binding potential and age were both independently associated with choice inflexibility. The findings suggest that individual differences in dopamine function may be associated with financial risk taking in healthy adults.}, Doi = {10.1093/texcom/tgad008}, Key = {fds370892} } @article{fds352862, Author = {Brosowsky, NP and DeGutis, J and Esterman, M and Smilek, D and Seli, P}, Title = {Mind Wandering, Motivation, and Task Performance Over Time: Evidence That Motivation Insulates People From the Negative Effects of Mind Wandering}, Journal = {Psychology of Consciousness: Theory Research, and Practice}, Volume = {10}, Number = {4}, Pages = {475-486}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cns0000263}, Abstract = {In the current study, we examined whether participant motivation was associated with fluctuations of attentional engagement and performance over time. We gauged participants’ motivation and depth of mind wandering as they completed the metronome response task to determine whether fluctuations in inattention (indexed by task performance and depth of mind wandering) would be related to fluctuations in motivation. As in prior work, we found that, with increasing time on task, (a) self-reported depth of mind wandering increased, (b) task performance decreased, and (c) motivation waned. Extending this work, we found an interaction between motivation and mind wandering such that mind wandering was negatively associated with task performance when motivation was low, but unrelated to performance when motivation was high. These results suggest that motivation may help improve task performance by reducing the depth of mind wandering, while also providing insulation from the negative effects of mind wandering, when it does occur.}, Doi = {10.1037/cns0000263}, Key = {fds352862} } @article{fds362396, Author = {Jansen, EJ and Danckert, J and Seli, P and Scholer, AA}, Title = {Under pressure: Locomotion and assessment in the COVID-19 pandemic}, Journal = {Self and Identity}, Volume = {22}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-18}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2036635}, Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic poses unique opportunities to explore how fundamental self-regulatory variables affect responses to the pandemic. We examine how two critical self-regulatory orientations, locomotion and assessment, relate to psychological distress and obeying public health guidelines using secondary data analysis. In the initial pandemic stages (April and May, 2020), North American participants (N = 924) completed measures of chronic locomotion and assessment, pandemic behaviors and feelings, and various individual-differences. Analyses revealed that assessment, but not locomotion, was indirectly associated with greater pandemic rule-breaking and psychological distress through the fear of missing out, difficulty engaging in activities, and engagement in negative activities. We discuss why the vulnerabilities of assessment, and not locomotion, may be particularly sensitive to pandemic-related constraints.}, Doi = {10.1080/15298868.2022.2036635}, Key = {fds362396} } @article{fds367264, Author = {Smith, AC and Brosowsky, NP and Caron, EE and Seli, P and Smilek, D}, Title = {Examining the relation between mind wandering and unhealthy eating behaviours}, Journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, Volume = {200}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111908}, Abstract = {In the present study, we explored how individual differences in the tendency to mind-wander are related to unhealthy eating behaviours (i.e., eating habits and eating-disorder symptoms). Given that eating-disorders are associated with inhibition (extreme control) and impulsivity (a lack of control), we were interested in how unhealthy eating behaviours might relate to both spontaneous mind-wandering, which is often construed as a failure of executive control, and deliberate mind-wandering, which is thought to occur via controlled processes. To ensure that any observed relations were not driven by self-control, we also measured and statistically controlled for this variable. In a large, non-clinical sample (N = 2328), regression analyses predicting each of the eating measures with self-control, spontaneous mind-wandering, and deliberate mind-wandering revealed that self-control and spontaneous mind-wandering were significantly positively predictive of unhealthy eating behaviours, whereas deliberate mind-wandering did not significantly predict these measures. These findings suggest that spontaneous, but not deliberate, mind-wandering has a robust unique relation with unhealthy eating behaviours, even when controlling for self-control.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2022.111908}, Key = {fds367264} } @article{fds369859, Author = {Ragnhildstveit, A and Kaiyo, M and Snyder, MB and Jackson, LK and Lopez, A and Mayo, C and Miranda, AC and August, RJ and Seli, P and Robison, R and Averill, LA}, Title = {Cannabis-assisted psychotherapy for complex dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder: A case report.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {1051542}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1051542}, Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>A dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder, known as "D-PTSD", has been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. In addition to meeting criteria for PTSD, patients endorse prominent dissociative symptoms, namely depersonalization and derealization, or detachment from one's self and surroundings. At present, this population is supported by a highly heterogeneous and undeveloped literature. Targeted interventions are therefore lacking, and those indicated for PTSD are limited by poor efficacy, delayed onset of action, and low patient engagement. Here, we introduce cannabis-assisted psychotherapy (CAP) as a novel treatment for D-PTSD, drawing parallels to psychedelic therapy.<h4>Case presentation</h4>A 28-year-old female presented with complex D-PTSD. In a naturalistic setting, she underwent 10 sessions of CAP, scheduled twice monthly over 5 months, coupled with integrative cognitive behavioral therapy. An autonomic and relational approach to CAP was leveraged, specifically psychedelic somatic interactional psychotherapy. Acute effects included oceanic boundlessness, ego dissolution, and emotional breakthrough. From baseline to post-treatment, the patient showed a 98.5% reduction in pathological dissociation, as measured by the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation, no longer meeting criteria for D-PTSD. This was accompanied by decreased cognitive distractibility and emotional suffering, as well as increased psychosocial functioning. Anecdotally, the patient has sustained improvements for over 2 years to date.<h4>Conclusions</h4>There is urgency to identify treatments for D-PTSD. The present case, while inherently limited, underscores the potential of CAP as a therapeutic option, leading to robust and sustained improvement. Subjective effects were comparable to those produced by classic and non-classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and ketamine. Further research is warranted to explore, establish, and optimize CAP in D-PTSD, and to characterize its role in the pharmacological landscape.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1051542}, Key = {fds369859} } @article{fds372414, Author = {Bellaiche, L and Smith, AP and Barr, N and Christensen, A and Williams, C and Ragnhildstveit, A and Schooler, J and Beaty, R and Chatterjee, A and Seli, P}, Title = {Back to the basics: Abstract painting as an index of creativity}, Journal = {Creativity Research Journal}, Volume = {35}, Number = {4}, Pages = {698-713}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2243100}, Abstract = {Researchers have invested a great deal in creating reliable, “gold-standard” creativity assessments that can be administered in controlled laboratory settings, though these efforts have come at the cost of not using ecologically and face-valid tasks. To help fill this critical gap, we developed and implemented a novel, face-valid paradigm that required participants to paint abstract pieces of art, which were later rated for creative quality. We first sought to evaluate whether there was good convergence among creativity ratings provided by independent raters. Next, we examined whether its measure of creativity correlated with (a) existing creativity measures and (b) individual traits (e.g. openness, fluid intelligence) that are typically correlated with indices of creativity. Our findings indicate that our abstract-painting paradigm is feasible to implement (independent ratings of the creativity of the paintings converged well), and that its measure of creativity significantly correlated with some of the gold-standard indices of creativity (thereby providing convergent validity). These findings suggest that having participants engage in abstract painting provides a valid index of creativity, thereby opening new opportunities for future research to index a more-face-valid measure of creativity.}, Doi = {10.1080/10400419.2023.2243100}, Key = {fds372414} } @article{fds374573, Author = {Ragnhildstveit, A and Khan, R and Seli, P and Bass, LC and August, RJ and Kaiyo, M and Barr, N and Jackson, LK and Gaffrey, MS and Barsuglia, JP and Averill, LA}, Title = {5-MeO-DMT for post-traumatic stress disorder: a real-world longitudinal case study.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {1271152}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1271152}, Abstract = {Psychedelic therapy is, arguably, the next frontier in psychiatry. It offers a radical alternative to longstanding, mainstays of treatment, while exciting a paradigm shift in translational science and drug discovery. There is particular interest in 5-methoxy-<i>N,N</i>-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)-a serotonergic psychedelic-as a novel, fast-acting therapeutic. Yet, few studies have directly examined 5-MeO-DMT for trauma- or stress-related psychopathology, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Herein, we present the first longitudinal case study on 5-MeO-DMT for chronic refractory PTSD, in a 23-year-old female. A single dose of vaporized bufotoxin of the Sonoran Desert Toad (<i>Incilius alvarius</i>), containing an estimated 10-15 mg of 5-MeO-DMT, led to clinically significant improvements in PTSD, with next-day effects. This was accompanied by marked reductions in hopelessness and related suicide risk. Improvements, across all constructs, were sustained at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up, as monitored by a supporting clinician. The subject further endorsed a complete mystical experience, hypothesized to underly 5-MeO-DMT's therapeutic activity. No drug-related, serious adverse events occurred. Together, results showed that 5-MeO-DMT was generally tolerable, safe to administer, and effective for PTSD; however, this was not without risk. The subject reported acute nausea, overwhelming subjective effects, and late onset of night terrors. Further research is warranted to replicate and extend these findings, which are inherently limited, non-generalizable, and rely on methods not clinically accepted.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1271152}, Key = {fds374573} } @article{fds366426, Author = {Harrell, A and Greenleaf, AS}, Title = {Resource asymmetry reduces generosity and paying forward generosity, among the resource-advantaged and disadvantaged.}, Journal = {Social Science Research}, Volume = {109}, Pages = {102786}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102786}, Abstract = {Decisions to benefit others often entail generalized reciprocity: helping someone who cannot directly return benefits in the future; instead, the beneficiary may "pay it forward" to someone else. While much past work demonstrates that people pay forward generosity, experimental tests of these processes typically assume that people have equal access to same-valued resources that they can use to benefit others. Yet this is rare in daily life, where people commonly experience asymmetries in the resources that they have to help others and to pay forward help received. In an experiment, we find that acts of generalized reciprocity-including initiating generosity and, upon being treated generously, paying it forward-are reduced when there is resource asymmetry between potential benefactors. Results show that the detriments of resource asymmetry occur among both the resource-advantaged and the disadvantaged. Asymmetry in available resources, and inequality more broadly, is thus critical for understanding patterns of generosity.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102786}, Key = {fds366426} } @article{fds363275, Author = {Zhao, X and Kushnir, T}, Title = {When it's not easy to do the right thing: Developmental changes in understanding cost drive evaluations of moral praiseworthiness.}, Journal = {Developmental Science}, Volume = {26}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e13257}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13257}, Abstract = {Recent work identified a shift in judgments of moral praiseworthiness that occurs late in development: adults recognize the virtue of moral actions that involve resolving an inner conflict between moral desires and selfish desires. Children, in contrast, praise agents who do the right thing in the absence of inner conflict. This finding stands in contrast with other work showing that children incorporate notions of cost and effort into their social reasoning. Using a modified version of Starmans and Bloom's (2016) vignettes, we show that understanding the virtue of costly moral action precedes understanding the virtue of resolving inner conflict. In two studies (N = 192 children, range = 4.00-9.95 years; and N = 193 adults), we contrasted a character who paid a personal cost (psychological in Study 1, physical in Study 2) to perform a moral action with another who acted morally without paying a cost. We found a developmental progression; 8- and 9-year-old children and adults recognized the praiseworthiness of moral actions that are psychologically or physically costly. Six- and 7-year-old children only recognized the praiseworthiness of moral actions that are physically costly, but not actions that are psychologically costly. Moreover, neither adults nor children inferred that paying a cost to act morally required having a moral desire or resolving inner conflict. These results suggest that both adults and children conceptualize obligation as a direct motivational force on actions. They further suggest that costly choice-a hallmark of moral agency-is implicated in judgments of praiseworthiness early in development.}, Doi = {10.1111/desc.13257}, Key = {fds363275} } @article{fds372714, Author = {Carpenter, E and Siegel, A and Urquiola, S and Liu, J and Kushnir, T}, Title = {Being me in times of change: Young children's reflections on their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic}, Journal = {Children & Society}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/chso.12790}, Abstract = {Research from the perspective of parents, educators and mental health professionals has documented the negative impacts of pandemic isolation on children, but few studies have sought children's own perspectives on this difficult year. The current study aims to provide a first-person perspective on children's psychological health by asking children directly about their experiences of isolating at home. We interviewed 28 seven- to eleven-year-olds in early days of lockdowns with follow-ups 6 months later. Children answered questions about family, school, friendships and feelings about the changes in their lives during lockdown. Children's reflections showed resilience, adaptability, positive appraisals and an ability to maintain meaningful social connections. This data underscores the value of including children's narratives to better understand the pandemic's lasting effects on their lives.}, Doi = {10.1111/chso.12790}, Key = {fds372714} } @article{fds372936, Author = {Kitayama, S and Salvador, CE and Ackerman, J}, Title = {The germ aversion paradox: When germ aversion predicts reduced alpha power suppression to norm violations}, Journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology}, Volume = {5}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100150}, Abstract = {Prior work shows that germ-averse individuals are more norm-abiding than their less germ-averse counterparts in the absence of any germ threat. However, it is unclear if germ aversion has similar effects in the presence of a germ threat. Here, we explored the hypothesis that germ-averse people would show less sensitivity to social norms because their perceived success in avoiding germs could make them feel protected from this threat. As an index of the sensitivity to norms, we assessed electrocortical reactions to another person's norm-violating behaviors. 59 young American adults were either primed with a germ threat or not. They subsequently saw either norm-violating or normal behaviors. In the control-priming condition, a reduction in upper-alpha band power in response to norm-violating (vs. normal) behaviors (signifiying vigilance to norm violations) was significantly greater for those high in germ aversion, thereby conceptually replicating the prior evidence linking germ aversion to conformity. This effect, however, was significantly reversed in the threat-priming condition. The elevated level of neural reactivity to norm violations in the threat-priming condition, present for those low in germ aversion, disappeared for those high in germ aversion. Our findings suggest that although germ aversion predicts greater norm-abidance in the absence of any germ threat, this effect paradoxically reverses itself in the presence of it.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100150}, Key = {fds372936} } @article{fds369949, Author = {Davis, SW and Beynel, L and Neacsiu, AD and Luber, BM and Bernhardt, E and Lisanby, SH and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Network-level dynamics underlying a combined rTMS and psychotherapy treatment for major depressive disorder: An exploratory network analysis.}, Journal = {Int J Clin Health Psychol}, Volume = {23}, Number = {4}, Pages = {100382}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100382}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for depression, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms of action and how potential treatment-related brain changes help to characterize treatment response. To address this gap in understanding we investigated the effects of an approach combining rTMS with simultaneous psychotherapy on global functional connectivity. METHOD: We compared task-related functional connectomes based on an idiographic goal priming task tied to emotional regulation acquired before and after simultaneous rTMS/psychotherapy treatment for patients with major depressive disorders and compared these changes to normative connectivity patterns from a set of healthy volunteers (HV) performing the same task. RESULTS: At baseline, compared to HVs, patients demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the DMN, cerebellum and limbic system, and hypoconnectivity of the fronto-parietal dorsal-attention network and visual cortex. Simultaneous rTMS/psychotherapy helped to normalize these differences, which were reduced after treatment. This finding suggests that the rTMS/therapy treatment regularizes connectivity patterns in both hyperactive and hypoactive brain networks. CONCLUSIONS: These results help to link treatment to a comprehensive model of the neurocircuitry underlying depression and pave the way for future studies using network-guided principles to significantly improve rTMS efficacy for depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100382}, Key = {fds369949} } @article{fds374569, Author = {Smith, PJ and Whitson, HE and Merwin, RM and O'Hayer, CV and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Engineering Virtuous health habits using Emotion and Neurocognition: Flexibility for Lifestyle Optimization and Weight management (EVEN FLOW).}, Journal = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {1256430}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256430}, Abstract = {Interventions to preserve functional independence in older adults are critically needed to optimize 'successful aging' among the large and increasing population of older adults in the United States. For most aging adults, the management of chronic diseases is the most common and impactful risk factor for loss of functional independence. Chronic disease management inherently involves the learning and adaptation of new behaviors, such as adopting or modifying physical activity habits and managing weight. Despite the importance of chronic disease management in older adults, vanishingly few individuals optimally manage their health behavior in the service of chronic disease stabilization to preserve functional independence. Contemporary conceptual models of chronic disease management and health habit theory suggest that this lack of optimal management may result from an underappreciated distinction within the health behavior literature: the behavioral domains critical for initiation of new behaviors (Initiation Phase) are largely distinct from those that facilitate their maintenance (Maintenance Phase). Psychological factors, particularly experiential acceptance and trait levels of openness are critical to engagement with new health behaviors, willingness to make difficult lifestyle changes, and the ability to tolerate aversive affective responses in the process. Cognitive factors, particularly executive function, are critical to learning new skills, using them effectively across different areas of life and contextual demands, and updating of skills to facilitate behavioral maintenance. Emerging data therefore suggests that individuals with greater executive function are better able to sustain behavior changes, which in turn protects against cognitive decline. In addition, social and structural supports of behavior change serve a critical buffering role across phases of behavior change. The present review attempts to address these gaps by proposing a novel biobehavioral intervention framework that incorporates both individual-level and social support system-level variables for the purpose of treatment tailoring. Our intervention framework triangulates on the central importance of self-regulatory functioning, proposing that both cognitive and psychological mechanisms ultimately influence an individuals' ability to engage in different aspects of self-management (individual level) in the service of maintaining independence. Importantly, the proposed linkages of cognitive and affective functioning align with emerging individual difference frameworks, suggesting that lower levels of cognitive and/or psychological flexibility represent an intermediate phenotype of risk. Individuals exhibiting self-regulatory lapses either due to the inability to regulate their emotional responses or due to the presence of executive functioning impairments are therefore the most likely to require assistance to preserve functional independence. In addition, these vulnerabilities will be more easily observable for individuals requiring greater complexity of self-management behavioral demands (e.g. complexity of medication regimen) and/or with lesser social support. Our proposed framework also intuits several distinct intervention pathways based on the profile of self-regulatory behaviors: we propose that individuals with intact affect regulation and impaired executive function will preferentially respond to 'top-down' training approaches (e.g., strategy and process work). Individuals with intact executive function and impaired affect regulation will respond to 'bottom-up' approaches (e.g., graded exposure). And individuals with impairments in both may require treatments targeting caregiving or structural supports, particularly in the context of elevated behavioral demands.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256430}, Key = {fds374569} } @misc{fds372779, Author = {Staddon, J}, Title = {Ideological Corruption of Science: Is the Right Always Wrong?}, Pages = {327-341}, Booktitle = {The Palgrave Handbook of Left-Wing Extremism, Volume 2}, Publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, Year = {2023}, ISBN = {9783031362675}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36268-2_18}, Doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36268-2_18}, Key = {fds372779} } @article{fds369719, Author = {Hawkey, AB and Mead, M and Natarajan, S and Gondal, A and Jarrett, O and Levin, ED}, Title = {Embryonic exposure to PFAS causes long-term, compound-specific behavioral alterations in zebrafish.}, Journal = {Neurotoxicol Teratol}, Volume = {97}, Pages = {107165}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107165}, Abstract = {Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used as surfactants and coatings for industrial processes and consumer products. These compounds have been increasingly detected in drinking water and human tissue, and concern over their potential effects on health and development is growing. However, relatively little data are available for their potential impacts on neurodevelopment and the degree to which different compounds within this class may differ from one another in their neurotoxicity. The present study examined the neurobehavioral toxicology of two representative compounds in a zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1-100uM perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or 0.01-1.0uM perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) from 5 to 122 h post-fertilization. These concentrations were below threshold for producing increased lethality or overt dysmorphologies, and PFOA was tolerated at a concentration 100× higher than PFOS. Fish were maintained to adulthood, with behavioral assessments at 6 days, 3 months (adolescence) and 8 months of age (adulthood). Both PFOA and PFOS caused behavioral changes in zebrafish, but PFOS and PFOS produced strikingly different phenotypes. PFOA was associated with increased larval motility in the dark (100uM), and enhanced diving responses in adolescence (100uM) but not adulthood. PFOS was associated with a reversed light-dark response in the larval motility test (0.1-1uM), whereby the fish were more active in the light than the dark. PFOS also caused time-dependent changes in locomotor activity in the novel tank test during adolescence (0.1-1.0uM) and an overall pattern of hypoactivity in adulthood at the lowest concentration (0.01uM). Additionally, the lowest concentration of PFOS (0.01uM) reduced acoustic startle magnitude in adolescence, but not adulthood. These data suggest that PFOS and PFOA both produce neurobehavioral toxicity, but these effects are quite distinct from one another.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107165}, Key = {fds369719} } @article{fds373632, Author = {Faul, L and Baumann, MG and LaBar, KS}, Title = {The Representation of Emotional Experience from Imagined Scenarios}, Journal = {Affective Science}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Year = {2023}, Key = {fds373632} } @article{fds372992, Author = {Healey, KL and Marshall, SA and Grillo, WH and Swartzwelder, HS}, Title = {Duke-NC centeral alcohol research & education (D-CARE) an undergraduate multi-institution alcohol research training program}, Journal = {ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH}, Volume = {47}, Pages = {466-467}, Year = {2023}, Key = {fds372992} } @article{fds372993, Author = {Healey, KL and Bell, A and Marshall, SA and Swartzwelder, HS}, Title = {Adolescent intermittent ethanol-induced effects on activity, anxiety, memory & biological markers: Sex-specificity and prevention with dietary choline}, Journal = {ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH}, Volume = {47}, Pages = {488-489}, Year = {2023}, Key = {fds372993} } @article{fds372994, Author = {Nwachukwu, K and Nelson, J and Swartzwelder, HS and Marshall, SA}, Title = {Donepezil reversal of alcohol-induced changes in hippocampal astrocytic and neurogenic responses after adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure}, Journal = {ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH}, Volume = {47}, Pages = {255-255}, Year = {2023}, Key = {fds372994} } @article{fds371673, Author = {Huggins, LKL and Min, SH and Kaplan, S and Wei, J and Welsh-Bohmer, K and Xu, H}, Title = {Meta-Analysis of Variations in Association between APOE ɛ4 and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Across Hispanic Regions of Origin.}, Journal = {J Alzheimers Dis}, Volume = {93}, Number = {3}, Pages = {1095-1109}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221167}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Emerging research has shown racial and ethnic variations in the magnitude of association between the apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) allele and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Studies researching this association among Hispanic groups within and outside of the United States have produced inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the APOE ɛ4 allele and the risk of developing ADRD in global Hispanic populations from different ethnic regions of origin. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycInfo were searched for studies relating to Hispanic/Latin American origin, APOE ɛ4, and ADRD. Odds ratios (OR) of ADRD risk for individuals with APOE ɛ4 versus those without APOE ɛ4 were extracted and calculated using random effects analysis. RESULTS: 20 eligible studies represented Caribbean Hispanic, Mexican, South American, Spanish, and Cuban groups. Overall, APOE ɛ4 was significantly associated with increased risk of ADRD (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.80, 95% CI: 2.38-6.07). The association was only significant in the South American (OR: 4.61, 95% CI: 2.74-7.75) subgroup. CONCLUSION: There was an association between APOE ɛ4 and increased ADRD risk for the South American subgroup. The strength of this association varied across Hispanic subgroups. Data is limited with more studies especially needed for adjusted analysis on Spanish, Central American, Cuban Hispanic, and Caribbean Hispanic groups. Results suggest additional environmental or genetic risk factors are associated with ethnic variations.}, Doi = {10.3233/JAD-221167}, Key = {fds371673} } @article{fds372749, Author = {Zou, H and Luo, S and Liu, H and Lutz, MW and Bennett, DA and Plassman, BL and Welsh-Bohmer, KA}, Title = {Genotypic Effects of the TOMM40'523 Variant and APOE on Longitudinal Cognitive Change over 4 Years: The TOMMORROW Study.}, Journal = {J Prev Alzheimers Dis}, Volume = {10}, Number = {4}, Pages = {886-894}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2023.115}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The 523 poly-T length polymorphism (rs10524523) in TOMM40 has been reported to influence longitudinal cognitive test performance within APOE ε3/3 carriers. The results from prior studies are inconsistent. It is also unclear whether specific APOE and TOMM40 genotypes contribute to heterogeneity in longitudinal cognitive performance during the preclinical stages of AD. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of these genes on longitudinal cognitive change in early preclinical stages of AD, we used the clinical trial data from the recently concluded TOMMORROW study to examine the effects of APOE and TOMM40 genotypes on neuropsychological test performance. DESIGN: A phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Academic affiliated and private research clinics in Australia, Germany, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. PARTICIPANTS: Cognitively normal older adults aged 65 to 83. INTERVENTION: Pioglitazone tablet. MEASUREMENTS: Participants from the TOMMORROW trial were stratified based on APOE genotype (APOE ε3/3, APOE ε3/4, APOE ε4/4). APOE ε3/3 carriers were further stratified by TOMM40'523 genotype. The final analysis dataset consists of 1,330 APOE ε3/3 carriers and 7,001 visits. Linear mixed models were used to compare the rates of decline in cognition across APOE groups and the APOE ε3/3 carriers with different TOMM40'523 genotypes. RESULTS: APOE ε3/4 and APOE ε4/4 genotypes compared with the APOE ε3/3 genotype were associated with worse performance on measures of global cognition, episodic memory, and expressive language. Further, over the four years of observation, the APOE ε3/3 carriers with the TOMM40'523-S/S genotype showed better global cognition and accelerated rates of cognitive decline on tests of global cognition, executive function, and attentional processing compared to APOE ε3/3 carriers with TOMM40'523-S/VL and VL/VL genotypes and compared to the APOE ε3/4 and APOE ε4/4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that both APOE and TOMM40 genotypes may independently contribute to cognitive heterogeneity in the pre-MCI stages of AD. Controlling for this genetic variability will be important in clinical trials designed to slow the rate of cognitive decline and/or prevent symptom onset in preclinical AD.}, Doi = {10.14283/jpad.2023.115}, Key = {fds372749} } @article{fds373574, Author = {Watts, A and Haneline, S and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Wu, J and Alexander, R and Swerdlow, RH and Burns, DK and Saunders, AM}, Title = {TOMM40 '523 Genotype Distinguishes Patterns of Cognitive Improvement for Executive Function in APOEɛ3 Homozygotes.}, Journal = {J Alzheimers Dis}, Volume = {95}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1697-1707}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-230066}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: TOMM40 '523 has been associated with cognitive performance and risk for developing Alzheimer's disease independent of the effect of APOE genotype. Few studies have considered the longitudinal effect of this genotype on change in cognition over time. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between TOMM40 genotype status and change in cognitive performance in the TOMMORROW study, which was designed to prospectively evaluate an algorithm that includes TOMM40 '523 for genetic risk for conversion to mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: We used latent growth curve models to estimate the effect of TOMM40 allele carrier (short, very long) status on the intercept and slope of change in cognitive performance in four broad cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive function, and language) and a combined overall cognitive score over 30 months. RESULTS: TOMM40 very long allele carriers had significantly lower baseline performance for the combined overall cognitive function score (B = -0.088, p = 0.034) and for the executive function domain score (B = -0.143, p = 0.013). Slopes for TOMM40 very long carriers had significantly greater increases over time for the executive function domain score only. In sensitivity analyses, the results for executive function were observed in participants who remained clinically stable, but not in those who progressed clinically over the study duration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results add to the growing body of evidence that TOMM40, in the absence of APOEɛ4, may contribute to cognitive changes with aging and dementia and support the view that mitochondrial function is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease risk.}, Doi = {10.3233/JAD-230066}, Key = {fds373574} } @article{fds373575, Author = {Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Kerchner, GA and Dhadda, S and Garcia, M and Miller, DS and Natanegara, F and Raket, LL and Robieson, W and Siemers, ER and Carrillo, MC and Weber, CJ}, Title = {Decision making in clinical trials: Interim analyses, innovative design, and biomarkers.}, Journal = {Alzheimer'S & Dementia (New York, N. Y.)}, Volume = {9}, Number = {4}, Pages = {e12421}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12421}, Abstract = {The efficient and accurate execution of clinical trials testing novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical component of the field's collective efforts to develop effective disease-modifying treatments for AD. The lengthy and heterogeneous nature of clinical progression in AD contributes to the challenges inherent in demonstrating a clinically meaningful benefit of any potential new AD therapy. The failure of many large and expensive clinical trials to date has prompted a focus on optimizing all aspects of decision making, to not only expedite the development of new treatments, but also maximize the value of the information that each clinical trial yields, so that all future clinical trials (including those that are negative) will contribute toward advancing the field. To address this important topic the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable convened December 1-2, 2020. The goals focused around identifying new directions and actionable steps to enhance clinical trial decision making in planned future studies.}, Doi = {10.1002/trc2.12421}, Key = {fds373575} } @article{fds370064, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Rozanski, A}, Title = {Exercise as a therapeutic modality for the prevention and treatment of depression.}, Journal = {Prog Cardiovasc Dis}, Volume = {77}, Pages = {50-58}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.008}, Abstract = {While maintaining an active lifestyle and engaging in regular exercise are known to promote cardiovascular (CV) health, increasing evidence has emerged to indicate that these lifestyle behaviors also can promote psychological health and well-being. This has led to research to determine if exercise can serve as a potential therapeutic modality for major depressive disorder (MDD), which is a leading cause of mental-health impairment and overall disability worldwide. The strongest evidence to support this use comes from an increasing number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that have compared exercise to usual care, placebo controls, or established therapies in healthy adults and in various clinical populations. The relatively large number of RCTs has led to numerous reviews and meta-analyses, which generally have been concordant in indicating that exercise ameliorates depressive symptoms, improves self-esteem, and enhances various aspects of quality of life. Together, these data indicate that exercise should be considered as a therapeutic modality for improving CV health and psychological well-being. The emerging evidence also has led to a new proposed subspecialty of "lifestyle psychiatry", which promotes the use of exercise as an adjunctive treatment for patients with MDD. Indeed, some medical organizations have now endorsed lifestyle-based approaches as foundational aspects of depression management, with adoption of exercise as a treatment option for MDD. This review summarizes research in the area and provides practical suggestions for the use of exercise in clinical practice.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.008}, Key = {fds370064} } @article{fds370644, Author = {Rozanski, A and Blumenthal, JA and Hinderliter, AL and Cole, S and Lavie, CJ}, Title = {Cardiology and lifestyle medicine.}, Journal = {Prog Cardiovasc Dis}, Volume = {77}, Pages = {4-13}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.004}, Abstract = {Poor lifestyle habits, such as physical inactivity and poor diets, are highly prevalent within society and even more so among patients with chronic disease. The need to stem poor lifestyle habits has led to the development of a new field of Lifestyle Medicine, whose mission is to prevent, treat, and even reverse chronic diseases through lifestyle interventions. Three fields within Cardiology relate to this mission: Cardiac Rehabilitation, Preventive Cardiology, and Behavioral Cardiology. Each of these three fields have contributed substantially to the reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. The historic contributions of these three cardiac fields are reviewed as well as the challenges each of these fields has faced in optimizing the application of lifestyle medicine practices. A shared agenda between Cardiology and the American College of Lifestyle Medicine could further the utilization of behavioral interventions. This review suggests seven steps that could be shared by these organizations and other medical societies. First, there is a need to develop and promulgate the assessment of lifestyle factors as "vital signs" during patient visits. Second, developing a strong partnership between the fields of Cardiology and Physiatry could improve important aspects of cardiac care, including a potential redesign of cardiac stress testing. Third, behavioral evaluations should be optimized at patients' entrée points into medical care since these may be considered "windows of opportunity". Fourth, there is a need to broaden cardiac rehabilitation into inexpensive programs and make this program eligible for patients with risk factors but no known CVD. Fifth, lifestyle medicine education should be integrated into the core competencies for relevant specialties. Sixth, there is a need for inter-societal advocacy to promote lifestyle medicine practices. Seventh, the well-being effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as their impact on one's sense of vitality, should be emphasized.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.004}, Key = {fds370644} } @article{fds371019, Author = {Smith, PJ and Sherwood, A and Avorgbedor, F and Ingle, KK and Kraus, WE and Hinderliter, AE and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Sleep Quality, Metabolic Function, Physical Activity, and Neurocognition Among Individuals with Resistant Hypertension.}, Journal = {J Alzheimers Dis}, Volume = {93}, Number = {3}, Pages = {995-1006}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-230029}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Resistant hypertension (RH) is a major risk factor for stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia. Sleep quality is increasingly suggested to play an important role linking RH to cognitive outcomes, although the mechanisms linking sleep quality to poor cognitive function have yet to be fully delineated. OBJECTIVE: To delineate biobehavioral mechanisms linking sleep quality, metabolic function, and cognitive function among 140 overweight/obese adults with RH in the TRIUMPH clinical trial. METHODS: Sleep quality was indexed using actigraphy measures of sleep quality and sleep fragmentation, as well as self-reported sleep quality from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive function was assessed using a 45-minute battery assessing executive function, processing speed, and memory. Participants were randomized to a cardiac rehabilitation-based lifestyle program (C-LIFE) or a standardized education and physician advice condition (SEPA) for 4 months. RESULTS: Better sleep quality at baseline was associated with better executive function (B = 0.18 p = 0.027), as well as greater fitness (B = 0.27, p = 0.007) and lower HBA1c (B = -0.25, p = 0.010). Cross-sectional analyses revealed that the sleep quality executive function association was mediated by HBA1c (B = 0.71 [0.05, 2.05]). C-LIFE improved sleep quality (-1.1 [-1.5, -0.6] versus+-0.1 [-0.8, 0.7]) and actigraphy steps (+922 [529, 1316] versus+56 [-548, 661]), with actigraphy mediating improvements in executive function (B = 0.40 [0.02, 1.07]). CONCLUSION: Better metabolic function and improved physical activity patterns levels play important roles linking sleep quality and executive function in RH.}, Doi = {10.3233/JAD-230029}, Key = {fds371019} } @article{fds369397, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, ME and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity in Pain Science.}, Journal = {Journal of Pain Research}, Volume = {16}, Pages = {301-306}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S401985}, Doi = {10.2147/JPR.S401985}, Key = {fds369397} } @article{fds369895, Author = {Palermo, TM and Davis, KD and Bouhassira, D and Hurley, RW and Katz, JD and Keefe, FJ and Schatman, M and Turk, DC and Yarnitsky, D}, Title = {Promoting inclusion, diversity, and equity in pain science.}, Journal = {Canadian Journal of Pain}, Volume = {7}, Number = {1}, Pages = {2161272}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2022.2161272}, Doi = {10.1080/24740527.2022.2161272}, Key = {fds369895} } @article{fds372550, Author = {Martin, S and Arthur, SS and Bovbjerg, DH and Huang, M and Keefe, FJ and Manculich, J and Soo, MSC and Zuley, ML and Shelby, RA}, Title = {The Role Of Psychological Factors As Predictors Of Mammography Pain Experienced By Breast Cancer Survivors During Their First Surveillance Screening After Breast-Conserving Surgery}, Journal = {The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the American Pain Society}, Volume = {24}, Number = {4}, Pages = {100-100}, Year = {2023}, Key = {fds372550} } @article{fds373698, Author = {Winger, JG and Kelleher, SA and Ramos, K and Check, DK and Lerebours, RC and Olsen, MK and Keefe, FJ and Steinhauser, KE and Porter, LS and Somers, TJ}, Title = {MEANING-CENTERED PAIN COPING SKILLS TRAINING FOR PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED PILOT TRIAL}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {57}, Pages = {S285-S285}, Year = {2023}, Key = {fds373698} } @article{fds359489, Author = {Babu, PRK and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Espinosa, S and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Exploring Complexity of Facial Dynamics in Autism Spectrum Disorder.}, Journal = {Ieee Transactions on Affective Computing}, Volume = {14}, Number = {2}, Pages = {919-930}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3113876}, Abstract = {Atypical facial expression is one of the early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characterized by reduced regularity and lack of coordination of facial movements. Automatic quantification of these behaviors can offer novel biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring of ASD. In this work, 40 toddlers with ASD and 396 typically developing toddlers were shown developmentally-appropriate and engaging movies presented on a smart tablet during a well-child pediatric visit. The movies consisted of social and non-social dynamic scenes designed to evoke certain behavioral and affective responses. The front-facing camera of the tablet was used to capture the toddlers' face. Facial landmarks' dynamics were then automatically computed using computer vision algorithms. Subsequently, the complexity of the landmarks' dynamics was estimated for the eyebrows and mouth regions using multiscale entropy. Compared to typically developing toddlers, toddlers with ASD showed higher complexity (i.e., less predictability) in these landmarks' dynamics. This complexity in facial dynamics contained novel information not captured by traditional facial affect analyses. These results suggest that computer vision analysis of facial landmark movements is a promising approach for detecting and quantifying early behavioral symptoms associated with ASD.}, Doi = {10.1109/taffc.2021.3113876}, Key = {fds359489} } @article{fds370526, Author = {Taylor, KA and Mysliwiec, V and Kimbrel, NA and Augustine, AV and VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, and Ulmer, CS}, Title = {Probable trauma associated sleep disorder in post-9/11 US Veterans.}, Journal = {Sleep Advances}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Pages = {zpad001}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad001}, Abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to (1) estimate trauma associated sleep disorder (TASD) prevalence among post-9/11 era veterans and to describe differences in service and comorbid mental health clinical characteristics among individuals with and without probable TASD, and (2) estimate TASD prevalence and characteristics of reported traumatic experiences stratified by sex. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the post-deployment mental health study of post-9/11 veterans, which enrolled and collected baseline data from 2005 to 2018. We classified veterans as having probable TASD using self-reported measures: traumatic experiences from the traumatic life events questionnaire (TLEQ) and items from the Pittsburgh sleep quality index with Addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mapped to TASD diagnostic criteria and ascertained mental health diagnoses (PTSD, major depressive disorder [MDD]) via Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. We calculated effect sizes as prevalence ratios (PR) for categorical variables and Hedges' g for continuous variables. RESULTS: Our final sample included 3618 veterans (22.7% female). TASD prevalence was 12.1% (95% CI: 11.1% to 13.2%) and sex-stratified prevalence was similar for female and male veterans. Veterans with TASD had a much higher comorbid prevalence of PTSD (PR: 3.72, 95% CI: 3.41 to 4.06) and MDD (PR: 3.93, 95% CI: 3.48 to 4.43). Combat was the highest reported most distressing traumatic experience among veterans with TASD (62.6%). When stratifying by sex, female veterans with TASD had a wider variety of traumatic experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the need for improved screening and evaluation for TASD in veterans, which is currently not performed in routine clinical practice.}, Doi = {10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad001}, Key = {fds370526} } @article{fds371022, Author = {Smith, PJ and Sherwood, A and Avorgbedor, F and Ingle, KK and Kraus, WE and Hinderliter, AE and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Sleep Quality, Metabolic Function, Physical Activity, and Neurocognition Among Individuals with Resistant Hypertension.}, Journal = {J Alzheimers Dis}, Volume = {93}, Number = {3}, Pages = {995-1006}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-230029}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Resistant hypertension (RH) is a major risk factor for stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia. Sleep quality is increasingly suggested to play an important role linking RH to cognitive outcomes, although the mechanisms linking sleep quality to poor cognitive function have yet to be fully delineated. OBJECTIVE: To delineate biobehavioral mechanisms linking sleep quality, metabolic function, and cognitive function among 140 overweight/obese adults with RH in the TRIUMPH clinical trial. METHODS: Sleep quality was indexed using actigraphy measures of sleep quality and sleep fragmentation, as well as self-reported sleep quality from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive function was assessed using a 45-minute battery assessing executive function, processing speed, and memory. Participants were randomized to a cardiac rehabilitation-based lifestyle program (C-LIFE) or a standardized education and physician advice condition (SEPA) for 4 months. RESULTS: Better sleep quality at baseline was associated with better executive function (B = 0.18 p = 0.027), as well as greater fitness (B = 0.27, p = 0.007) and lower HBA1c (B = -0.25, p = 0.010). Cross-sectional analyses revealed that the sleep quality executive function association was mediated by HBA1c (B = 0.71 [0.05, 2.05]). C-LIFE improved sleep quality (-1.1 [-1.5, -0.6] versus+-0.1 [-0.8, 0.7]) and actigraphy steps (+922 [529, 1316] versus+56 [-548, 661]), with actigraphy mediating improvements in executive function (B = 0.40 [0.02, 1.07]). CONCLUSION: Better metabolic function and improved physical activity patterns levels play important roles linking sleep quality and executive function in RH.}, Doi = {10.3233/JAD-230029}, Key = {fds371022} } @article{fds371488, Author = {Collins, KA and Huffman, KM and Wolever, RQ and Smith, PJ and Ross, LM and Siegler, IC and Jakicic, JM and Costa, PT and Kraus, WE}, Title = {Demographic, Clinical, and Psychosocial Predictors of Exercise Adherence: The STRRIDE Trials.}, Journal = {Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine}, Volume = {8}, Number = {3}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000229}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: To identify baseline demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors of exercise intervention adherence in the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) trials. METHODS: A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia or prediabetes were enrolled into an inactive control group or one of ten exercise interventions with doses of 10-23 kcal/kg/week, intensities of 40-80% of peak oxygen consumption, and training for 6-8-months. Two groups included resistance training. Mean percent aerobic and resistance adherence were calculated as the amount completed divided by the prescribed weekly minutes or total sets of exercise times 100, respectively. Thirty-eight clinical, demographic, and psychosocial measures were considered for three separate models: 1) clinical + demographic factors, 2) psychosocial factors, and 3) all measures. A backward bootstrapped variable selection algorithm and multiple regressions were performed for each model. RESULTS: In the clinical and demographic measures model (n=947), variables explained 16.7% of the variance in adherence (p<0.001); lesser fasting glucose explained the greatest amount of variance (partial R2 = 3.2%). In the psychosocial factors model (n=561), variables explained 19.3% of the variance in adherence (p<0.001); greater 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component score explained the greatest amount of variance (partial R2 = 8.7%). In the model with all clinical, demographic, and psychosocial measures (n=561), variables explained 22.1% of the variance (p<0.001); greater SF-36 physical component score explained the greatest amount of variance (partial R2 = 8.9%). SF-36 physical component score was the only variable to account for >5% of the variance in adherence in any of the models. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables explain approximately 22% of the variance in exercise adherence. The limited variance explained suggests future research should investigate additional measures to better identify participants who are at risk for poor exercise intervention adherence.}, Doi = {10.1249/tjx.0000000000000229}, Key = {fds371488} } @article{fds372235, Author = {Collins, KA and Huffman, KM and Wolever, RQ and Smith, PJ and Siegler, IC and Ross, LM and Jakicic, JM and Costa, PT and Kraus, WE}, Title = {Race and sex differences in dropout from the STRRIDE trials.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Sports and Active Living}, Volume = {5}, Pages = {1215704}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1215704}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: To determine if race and sex differences exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention. METHODS: A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I, STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were randomized to either inactive control or to 1 of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8-23 kcal/kg/week, intensities of 50%-75% V˙O2 peak, and durations of 6-8 months. Two groups included resistance training, and one included a dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Dropout was defined as an individual withdrawn from the study, with the reasons for dropout aggregated into determinant categories. Timing of dropout was defined as the last session attended and aggregated into phases (i.e., "ramp" period to allow gradual adaptation to exercise prescription). Utilizing descriptive statistics, percentages were generated according to categories of determinants and timing of dropout to describe the proportion of individuals who fell within each category. RESULTS: Black men and women were more likely to be lost to follow-up (Black men: 31.3% and Black women: 19.6%), or dropout due to work responsibilities (15.6% and 12.5%), "change of mind" (12.5% and 8.9%), transportation issues (6.3% and 3.6%), or reported lack of motivation (6.3% and 3.6%). Women in general noted lack of time more often than men as a reason for dropout (White women: 22.4% and Black women: 22.1%). Regardless of race and sex, most participants dropped out during the ramp period of the exercise intervention; with Black women (50%) and White men (37.1%) having the highest dropout rate during this period. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the importance of targeted retention strategies when aiming to address race and sex differences that exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention.}, Doi = {10.3389/fspor.2023.1215704}, Key = {fds372235} } @article{fds367787, Author = {Locklear, T and Lewis, R and Calhoun, F and Li, A and Dickerson, KC and McMillan, A and Davis, L and Dzirasa, K and Weinfurt, KP and Grambow, SC}, Title = {Advancing workforce diversity by leveraging the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program.}, Journal = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Science}, Volume = {7}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e30}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.489}, Abstract = {Clinical trials continue to disproportionately underrepresent people of color. Increasing representation of diverse backgrounds among clinical research personnel has the potential to yield greater representation in clinical trials and more efficacious medical interventions by addressing medical mistrust. In 2019, North Carolina Central University (NCCU), a Historically Black College and University with a more than 80% underrepresented student population, established the Clinical Research Sciences Program with support from the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program at neighboring Duke University. This program was designed to increase exposure of students from diverse educational, racial, and ethnic backgrounds to the field of clinical research, with a special focus on health equity education. In the first year, the program graduated 11 students from the two-semester certificate program, eight of whom now hold positions as clinical research professionals. This article describes how leveraging the CTSA program helped NCCU build a framework for producing a highly trained, competent, and diverse workforce in clinical research responsive to the call for increased diversity in clinical trial participation.}, Doi = {10.1017/cts.2022.489}, Key = {fds367787} } @article{fds370957, Author = {Thomas, A and Ryan, C and Caspi, A and Moffitt, T and Sugden, K and Zhou, J and Belsky, D and Gu, Y}, Title = {Diet, pace of biological aging, and risk of dementia in the Framingham Heart Study}, Booktitle = {medRxiv}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.24.23290474}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>People who eat healthier diets are less likely to develop dementia, but the biological mechanism of this protection is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that healthy diet protects against dementia because it slows the pace of biological aging.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed Framingham Offspring Cohort data. We included participants ≥60 years-old, free of dementia and having dietary, epigenetic, and follow-up data. We assessed healthy diet as long-term adherence to the Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet (MIND, over 4 visits spanning 1991-2008). We measured the pace of aging from blood DNA methylation data collected in 2005-2008 using the DunedinPACE epigenetic clock. Incident dementia and mortality were defined using study records compiled from 2005 to 2008 visit through 2018.<h4>Results</h4>Of n = 1,644 included participants (mean age 69.6, 54% female), n = 140 developed dementia and n = 471 died over 14 years of follow-up. Greater MIND score was associated with slower DunedinPACE and reduced risks for dementia and mortality. Slower DunedinPACE was associated with reduced risks for dementia and mortality. In mediation analysis, slower DunedinPACE accounted for 27% of the diet-dementia association and 57% of the diet-mortality association.<h4>Interpretation</h4>Findings suggest that slower pace of aging mediates part of the relationship of healthy diet with reduced dementia risk. Monitoring pace of aging may inform dementia prevention. However, a large fraction of the diet-dementia association remains unexplained and may reflect direct connections between diet and brain aging that do not overlap other organ systems. Investigation of brain-specific mechanisms in well-designed mediation studies is warranted. ANN NEUROL 2024.}, Doi = {10.1101/2023.05.24.23290474}, Key = {fds370957} } @article{fds373579, Author = {Tian, Y and Johnson, GA and Williams, RW and White, LE}, Title = {A rapid workflow for neuron counting in combined light sheet microscopy and magnetic resonance histology.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, Volume = {17}, Pages = {1223226}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1223226}, Abstract = {Information on regional variation in cell numbers and densities in the CNS provides critical insight into structure, function, and the progression of CNS diseases. However, variability can be real or a consequence of methods that do not account for technical biases, including morphologic deformations, errors in the application of cell type labels and boundaries of regions, errors of counting rules and sampling sites. We address these issues in a mouse model by introducing a workflow that consists of the following steps: 1. Magnetic resonance histology (MRH) to establish the size, shape, and regional morphology of the mouse brain in situ. 2. Light-sheet microscopy (LSM) to selectively label neurons or other cells in the entire brain without sectioning artifacts. 3. Register LSM volumes to MRH volumes to correct for dissection errors and both global and regional deformations. 4. Implement stereological protocols for automated sampling and counting of cells in 3D LSM volumes. This workflow can analyze the cell densities of one brain region in less than 1 min and is highly replicable in cortical and subcortical gray matter regions and structures throughout the brain. This method demonstrates the advantage of not requiring an extensive amount of training data, achieving a F1 score of approximately 0.9 with just 20 training nuclei. We report deformation-corrected neuron (NeuN) counts and neuronal density in 13 representative regions in 5 C57BL/6J cases and 2 BXD strains. The data represent the variability among specimens for the same brain region and across regions within the specimen. Neuronal densities estimated with our workflow are within the range of values in previous classical stereological studies. We demonstrate the application of our workflow to a mouse model of aging. This workflow improves the accuracy of neuron counting and the assessment of neuronal density on a region-by-region basis, with broad applications for studies of how genetics, environment, and development across the lifespan impact cell numbers in the CNS.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2023.1223226}, Key = {fds373579} } @article{fds376149, Author = {Rosenthal, MZ and Campbell, J and Altimus, C}, Title = {Editorial: Advances in understanding the nature and features of misophonia.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, Volume = {17}, Pages = {1267682}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1267682}, Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2023.1267682}, Key = {fds376149} } @article{fds376150, Author = {McMahon, K and Cassiello-Robbins, C and Greenleaf, A and Guetta, R and Frazer-Abel, E and Kelley, L and Rosenthal, MZ}, Title = {The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders for misophonia: a pilot trial exploring acceptability and efficacy.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {1294571}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294571}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Misophonia is a recently defined disorder characterized by distressing responses to everyday sounds, such as chewing or sniffling. Individuals with misophonia experience significant functional impairment but have limited options for evidenced-based behavioral treatment. To address this gap in the literature, the current pilot trial explored the acceptability and efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral approach to treating symptoms of misophonia. METHODS: This trial was conducted in two studies: In Study 1, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was delivered to eight patients in order to receive feedback to guide revisions to the treatment to suit this population. In Study 2, ten patients received the revised UP treatment to explore its acceptability and preliminary efficacy. This study used a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, randomizing patients to either a 2-week baseline or 4-week baseline prior to the 16 weeks of treatment, followed by four weeks of follow-up. RESULTS: The findings from these studies suggested that patients found both the original and adapted versions of the UP to be acceptable and taught them skills for how to manage their misophonia symptoms. Importantly, the findings also suggested that the UP can help remediate symptoms of misophonia, particularly the emotional and behavioral responses. DISCUSSION: These findings provide preliminary evidence that this transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders can improve symptoms of misophonia in adults.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294571}, Key = {fds376150} } @article{fds365284, Author = {Grove, JL and Kimbrel, NA and Griffin, SC and Halverson, T and White, MA and Blakey, SM and Beckham, JC and Dedert, EA and Goldston, DB and Pugh, MJ and Calhoun, PS}, Title = {Cannabis use and suicide risk among Gulf War veterans.}, Journal = {Death Stud}, Volume = {47}, Number = {5}, Pages = {618-623}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2022.2108944}, Abstract = {Cannabis use has been indicated as a risk factor for suicide in veterans. This study of Gulf War veterans tested the relationship between self-report past year cannabis use and (a) past year suicidal ideation and (b) risk for suicidal behavior. Data were from a national sample (N = 1126) of Gulf War veterans. Logistic regression models indicated cannabis use was associated with past year suicidal ideation and elevated risk for suicidal behavior, independent of key covariates. In corroboration with research on other military populations, this study indicates a potentially concerning association between cannabis use and suicide risk in Gulf War veterans.}, Doi = {10.1080/07481187.2022.2108944}, Key = {fds365284} } @article{fds373427, Author = {Sinclair, AH and Taylor, MK and Brandel-Tanis, F and Davidson, A and Chande, AT and Rishishwar, L and Andris, C and Adcock, RA and Weitz, JS and Samanez-Larkin, GR and Beckett, SJ}, Title = {Communicating COVID-19 exposure risk with an interactive website counteracts risk misestimation.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {18}, Number = {10}, Pages = {e0290708}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290708}, Abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals depended on risk information to make decisions about everyday behaviors and public policy. Here, we assessed whether an interactive website influenced individuals' risk tolerance to support public health goals. We collected data from 11,169 unique users who engaged with the online COVID-19 Event Risk Tool (https://covid19risk.biosci.gatech.edu/) between 9/22/21 and 1/22/22. The website featured interactive elements, including a dynamic risk map, survey questions, and a risk quiz with accuracy feedback. After learning about the risk of COVID-19 exposure, participants reported being less willing to participate in events that could spread COVID-19, especially for high-risk large events. We also uncovered a bias in risk estimation: Participants tended to overestimate the risk of small events but underestimate the risk of large events. Importantly, even participants who voluntarily sought information about COVID risks tended to misestimate exposure risk, demonstrating the need for intervention. Participants from liberal-leaning counties were more likely to use the website tools and more responsive to feedback about risk misestimation, indicating that political partisanship influences how individuals seek and engage with COVID-19 information. Lastly, we explored temporal dynamics and found that user engagement and risk estimation fluctuated over the course of the Omicron variant outbreak. Overall, we report an effective large-scale method for communicating viral exposure risk; our findings are relevant to broader research on risk communication, epidemiological modeling, and risky decision-making.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0290708}, Key = {fds373427} } @article{fds367657, Author = {Miller, HN and Berger, MB and Askew, S and Kay, MC and Chisholm, M and Sirdeshmukh, G and Hopkins, CM and Brewer, A and DeVries, A and Holder, M and Bennett, GG}, Title = {Recruitment of diverse community health center patients in a pragmatic weight gain prevention trial.}, Journal = {Journal of Clinical and Translational Science}, Volume = {7}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e22}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.475}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pragmatic trials are needed to establish evidence-based obesity treatment in primary care settings, particularly in community health centers (CHCs) that serve populations at heightened risk of obesity. Recruiting a representative trial sample is a critical first step to informing care for diverse communities. We described recruitment strategies utilized in a pragmatic obesity trial and assessed the sociodemographic characteristics and odds of enrollment by recruitment strategy. METHODS: We analyzed data from Balance, a pragmatic trial implemented within a network of CHCs. We recruited participants via health center-based and electronic health record (EHR)-informed mail recruitment. We analyzed associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the return rate of patient authorization forms (required for participation) from EHR-informed mail recruitment. We also compared sociodemographic characteristics and randomization odds by recruitment strategy after returning authorization forms. RESULTS: Of the individuals recruited through EHR-informed mail recruitment, females were more likely than males to return authorization forms; however, there were no differences in rates of return by preferred language (English/Spanish) or age. Females; underrepresented racial and ethnic groups; Spanish speakers; younger adults; and those with lower education levels were recruited more successfully in the health center. In contrast, their counterparts were more responsive to mail recruitment. Once authorization forms were returned, the odds of being randomized did not significantly differ by recruitment method. CONCLUSION: Health center-based recruitment was essential to meeting recruitment targets in a pragmatic weight gain prevention trial, specifically for Hispanic and Spanish-speaking communities. Future pragmatic trials should consider leveraging in-person recruitment for underrepresented groups in research.}, Doi = {10.1017/cts.2022.475}, Key = {fds367657} } @article{fds371283, Author = {Mukhtar, F and Regenold, W and Lisanby, SH}, Title = {Recent advances in electroconvulsive therapy in clinical practice and research.}, Journal = {Fac Rev}, Volume = {12}, Pages = {13}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/12-13}, Abstract = {Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the oldest somatic therapy still in use in psychiatry today, remains one of the most effective therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. In this article, we review some of the recent advances in ECT that are currently being researched and implemented in clinical practice. We explore recent studies that point to the potential therapeutic benefit and safety of ECT in COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric complications and special populations (such as the elderly and pregnant persons) that are generally at higher risk of having adverse effects from psychotropic medications. We highlight studies that performed a head-to-head comparison of ECT and ketamine, which has shown promise for treatment-resistant depression and acute suicidality. Researchers continue to explore different ways of using ECT by modifying the treatment parameters to maintain efficacy and decrease side effects. Neurocognitive side effects remain one of the major drawbacks to its use and contribute to the negative stigma of this highly effective treatment. In this regard, we describe attempts to improve the safety of ECT by modifying dosing parameters, novel electrode placements, and the addition of augmenting agents with the aim of decreasing side effects and improving efficacy. This review identifies some of the recent advances in the last few years in ECT research while also highlighting areas where further research is needed.}, Doi = {10.12703/r/12-13}, Key = {fds371283} } @article{fds369961, Author = {Davis, SW and Beynel, L and Neacsiu, AD and Luber, BM and Bernhardt, E and Lisanby, SH and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Network-level dynamics underlying a combined rTMS and psychotherapy treatment for major depressive disorder: An exploratory network analysis.}, Journal = {Int J Clin Health Psychol}, Volume = {23}, Number = {4}, Pages = {100382}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100382}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the growing use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for depression, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms of action and how potential treatment-related brain changes help to characterize treatment response. To address this gap in understanding we investigated the effects of an approach combining rTMS with simultaneous psychotherapy on global functional connectivity. METHOD: We compared task-related functional connectomes based on an idiographic goal priming task tied to emotional regulation acquired before and after simultaneous rTMS/psychotherapy treatment for patients with major depressive disorders and compared these changes to normative connectivity patterns from a set of healthy volunteers (HV) performing the same task. RESULTS: At baseline, compared to HVs, patients demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the DMN, cerebellum and limbic system, and hypoconnectivity of the fronto-parietal dorsal-attention network and visual cortex. Simultaneous rTMS/psychotherapy helped to normalize these differences, which were reduced after treatment. This finding suggests that the rTMS/therapy treatment regularizes connectivity patterns in both hyperactive and hypoactive brain networks. CONCLUSIONS: These results help to link treatment to a comprehensive model of the neurocircuitry underlying depression and pave the way for future studies using network-guided principles to significantly improve rTMS efficacy for depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100382}, Key = {fds369961} } @article{fds370914, Author = {Hitti, FL and Widge, AS and Riva-Posse, P and Malone, DA and Okun, MS and Shanechi, MM and Foote, KD and Lisanby, SH and Ankudowich, E and Chivukula, S and Chang, EF and Gunduz, A and Hamani, C and Feinsinger, A and Kubu, CS and Chiong, W and Chandler, JA and Carbunaru, R and Cheeran, B and Raike, RS and Davis, RA and Halpern, CH and Vanegas-Arroyave, N and Markovic, D and Bick, SK and McIntyre, CC and Richardson, RM and Dougherty, DD and Kopell, BH and Sweet, JA and Goodman, WK and Sheth, SA and Pouratian, N}, Title = {Future directions in psychiatric neurosurgery: Proceedings of the 2022 American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery meeting on surgical neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders.}, Journal = {Brain Stimul}, Volume = {16}, Number = {3}, Pages = {867-878}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2023.05.011}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in the treatment of psychiatric diseases, currently available therapies do not provide sufficient and durable relief for as many as 30-40% of patients. Neuromodulation, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), has emerged as a potential therapy for persistent disabling disease, however it has not yet gained widespread adoption. In 2016, the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (ASSFN) convened a meeting with leaders in the field to discuss a roadmap for the path forward. A follow-up meeting in 2022 aimed to review the current state of the field and to identify critical barriers and milestones for progress. DESIGN: The ASSFN convened a meeting on June 3, 2022 in Atlanta, Georgia and included leaders from the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry along with colleagues from industry, government, ethics, and law. The goal was to review the current state of the field, assess for advances or setbacks in the interim six years, and suggest a future path forward. The participants focused on five areas of interest: interdisciplinary engagement, regulatory pathways and trial design, disease biomarkers, ethics of psychiatric surgery, and resource allocation/prioritization. The proceedings are summarized here. CONCLUSION: The field of surgical psychiatry has made significant progress since our last expert meeting. Although weakness and threats to the development of novel surgical therapies exist, the identified strengths and opportunities promise to move the field through methodically rigorous and biologically-based approaches. The experts agree that ethics, law, patient engagement, and multidisciplinary teams will be critical to any potential growth in this area.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brs.2023.05.011}, Key = {fds370914} } @article{fds371723, Author = {Brady, LS and Lisanby, SH and Gordon, JA}, Title = {New directions in psychiatric drug development: promising therapeutics in the pipeline.}, Journal = {Expert Opin Drug Discov}, Volume = {18}, Number = {8}, Pages = {835-850}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2023.2224555}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide, calling for an urgent need for new treatments, early detection, early intervention, and precision medicine. Drug discovery and development in psychiatry continues to expand in new and exciting areas, with several new medications approved for psychiatric indications by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the last 5 years. AREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors summarize recent new drug approvals and new molecular mechanisms in Phase 1-3 clinical development for psychiatric disorders. Advances in human genetics-driven target identification, emergent technologies such as artificial intelligence-enabled drug discovery, digital health technologies, and biomarker tools and strategies for testing novel mechanisms are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION: There continues to be a need for research focused on understanding the natural history, developmental trajectory, and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders to identify new molecular and circuit-based targets. Looking to the future, a vision of precision psychiatry is emerging, taking advantage of advances in genetics, digital technology, and multimodal biomarkers to accelerate the development of next-generation therapies for individuals living with mental illnesses.}, Doi = {10.1080/17460441.2023.2224555}, Key = {fds371723} } @article{fds369099, Author = {Ho, J and Liu, S and Feng, Z and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Psychomotor and visual skills underlying position specialization in 1352 elite youth baseball players.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {18}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e0278689}, Publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, Editor = {Gu, Y}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278689}, Abstract = {Baseball is an international sport with participation from tens of thousands of people worldwide. In the United States, the Prospect Development Pipeline (PDP) is a collaborative effort between Major League Baseball and USA Baseball to establish a developmental pipeline leading to the professional draft. Players participating in the PDP undergo comprehensive evaluations that measure athletic performance, speed-of-processing, visual function, and on-field talent. The present study evaluated data from 1352 elite junior male PDP participants (aged 14 to 21) who signed informed consent, collected between 2017 and 2020, to identify latent abilities and their association with player specialization. Data were first subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to reduce the 22 measured variables to a smaller set of latent abilities. The resulting factors were evaluated using multiple linear regression to predict each factor using age, height, weight, and position. EFA revealed a combination of physical and psychomotor skills accounting for 52% of the overall variance that grouped into four abilities: grip strength, functional vision, explosiveness, and rapid decision-making. Regression analyses demonstrated that these skills are associated with position assignments, controlling for age, weight, and height, and revealed that outfielders are the most explosive, infielders perform best on psychomotor measures, and catchers perform best on functional vision tests (ps < 0.001). These findings indicate skills that contribute to player specialization, providing new information about the developmental trajectory of junior elite baseball athletes that can be used for scouting and player development.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0278689}, Key = {fds369099} } @article{fds359477, Author = {Babu, PRK and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Espinosa, S and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G}, Title = {Exploring Complexity of Facial Dynamics in Autism Spectrum Disorder.}, Journal = {Ieee Transactions on Affective Computing}, Volume = {14}, Number = {2}, Pages = {919-930}, Year = {2023}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3113876}, Abstract = {Atypical facial expression is one of the early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characterized by reduced regularity and lack of coordination of facial movements. Automatic quantification of these behaviors can offer novel biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring of ASD. In this work, 40 toddlers with ASD and 396 typically developing toddlers were shown developmentally-appropriate and engaging movies presented on a smart tablet during a well-child pediatric visit. The movies consisted of social and non-social dynamic scenes designed to evoke certain behavioral and affective responses. The front-facing camera of the tablet was used to capture the toddlers' face. Facial landmarks' dynamics were then automatically computed using computer vision algorithms. Subsequently, the complexity of the landmarks' dynamics was estimated for the eyebrows and mouth regions using multiscale entropy. Compared to typically developing toddlers, toddlers with ASD showed higher complexity (i.e., less predictability) in these landmarks' dynamics. This complexity in facial dynamics contained novel information not captured by traditional facial affect analyses. These results suggest that computer vision analysis of facial landmark movements is a promising approach for detecting and quantifying early behavioral symptoms associated with ASD.}, Doi = {10.1109/taffc.2021.3113876}, Key = {fds359477} } @article{7951637, Author = {Wiest, M.C. and Nicolelis, M.A.L.}, Title = {Behavioral detection of tactile stimuli during 7-12 Hz cortical oscillations in awake rats}, Journal = {Nat. Neurosci. (USA)}, Volume = {6}, Number = {9}, Pages = {913 - 14}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1107}, Keywords = {bioelectric potentials;biological techniques;brain;microelectrodes;neurophysiology;touch (physiological);}, Abstract = {Prominent 7-12 Hz oscillations in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake but immobile rats might represent a seizure-like state1 in which neuronal burst firing renders animals unresponsive to incoming tactile stimuli; others have proposed that these oscillations are analogous to human μ rhythm. To test whether rats can respond to tactile stimuli during 7-12 Hz oscillatory activity, we trained head-immobilized awake animals to indicate whether they could detect the occurrence of transient whisker deflections while we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from microelectrode arrays implanted bilaterally in the S1 whisker representation area. They responded rapidly and reliably, suggesting that this brain rhythm represents normal physiological activity that does not preclude perception}, Key = {7951637} } @article{fds135097, Author = {K.A. Welsh-Bohmer}, Title = {Hulette, C.M., Welsh-Bohmer, K.A., Murray, M.G., Mash, D.& McIntyre, L.M. Neuropathological and neuropsychological changes in "normal" aging: Evidence for preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 57, 1168-1174.}, Key = {fds135097} } @article{fds138619, Author = {J.S. March}, Title = {March, J., Parker, J., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., Conners, C. (in press), The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability and validity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, Key = {fds138619} } @article{fds138635, Author = {J.S. March}, Title = {March, J., Amaya-Jackson, L., Costanzo, P., Terry, R. (in press), Post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents after an industrial fire. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, Key = {fds138635} } @article{fds72465, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {Fuemmeler BF, Agurs-Collins T, McClernon FJ, Kollins SH, Kail ME, Bergen AW, Ashley-Koch AE. Genes implicated in serotonergic and dopamine functioning interact with gender to predict BMI categories: Findings from a nationally representative sample of young adults. Obesity (in press) }, Key = {fds72465} } @article{fds72466, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {McClernon FJ, Fuemmeler BF, Kollins SH, Kail ME, Ashley-Koch AE. Interactions between genotype and retrospective ADHD symptoms predict lifetime smoking risk in a sample of young adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research (in press) }, Key = {fds72466} } @article{fds202522, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {Fuemmeler, B. F., Yang, C., Costanzo, P., Hoyle, R.H., Siegler, I.C., Williams, R.B., Ostbye, T. (in press). Parenting styles and BMI trajectories from adolescence into adulthood: A longitudinal study of the Add Health cohort. Health Psychology}, Key = {fds202522} } @article{fds202523, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {Ranby, K.W., Boynton, M.H., Kollins, S. H., McClernon, J., Yang, C., & Fuemmeler, B.F. (in press). Understanding the phenotypic structure of ADHD in a US population-based sample. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. }, Key = {fds202523} } @article{fds211227, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {Fuemmeler, B.F., Lovelady, C.A., Zucker, N.L., Ostbye, T. (in press). Parental obesity moderates relationship between childhood appetitive traits and weight. Obesity}, Key = {fds211227} } @article{fds211230, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {Fuemmeler, B.F., Pendzich, M.K., Clark, K., Rossoff, P., Blatt, J., Lovelady , C., Demark-Wahnefried, W. (in press). Changes in weight, body composition, diet, and physical activity during the first year of treatment for childhood acute leukemia and lymphoma. Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology }, Key = {fds211230} } @article{fds215514, Author = {B.F. Fuemmeler}, Title = {Fuemmeler, B.F., Lovelady, C.A., Zucker, N.L., Ostbye, T. (in press). Parental obesity moderates relationship between childhood eating behaviors and weight. Obesity }, Key = {fds215514} } @article{fds136119, Author = {N.L. Zucker}, Title = {Zucker, N.L., Losh, M., Bulik, C.M., Labar, K.S., Piven, J., & Pelphrey, K.A. (in press). Anorexia Nervosa and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Guided Investigation of Social Cognitive Endophenotypes, Psychological Bulletin.}, Key = {fds136119} } @article{fds136724, Author = {E.C. Suarez}, Title = {Suarez EC, Sherwood A, Hinderliter AL: Hostility and adrenergic receptor responsiveness in high hostile men. Journal Psychosomatic Research (In press).}, Key = {fds136724} } | |
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