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| Publications of Candice L. Odgers :chronological alphabetical combined by tags listing:%% Journal Articles @article{fds342747, Author = {Reuben, A and Arseneault, L and Belsky, DW and Caspi, A and Fisher, HL and Houts, RM and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, C}, Title = {Residential neighborhood greenery and children's cognitive development.}, Journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, Volume = {230}, Pages = {271-279}, Year = {2019}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.029}, Abstract = {Children who grow up in neighborhoods with more green vegetation show enhanced cognitive development in specific domains over short timespans. However, it is unknown if neighborhood greenery per se is uniquely predictive of children's overall cognitive development measured across many years. The E-Risk Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative 1994-5 birth-cohort of children in Britain (n = 1658 urban and suburban-dwelling participants), was used to test whether residential neighborhood greenery uniquely predicts children's cognitive development across childhood and adolescence. Greenery exposure was assessed from ages 5 to 18 using the satellite imagery-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 1-mile buffers around the home. Fluid and crystalized intellectual performance was assessed in the home at ages 5, 12, and 18 using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, and executive function, working memory, and attention ability were assessed in the home at age 18 using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Children living in residences surrounded by more neighborhood greenery scored significantly higher, on average, on IQ measures at all ages. However, the association between greenery and cognitive measures did not hold after accounting for family or neighborhood socioeconomic status. After adjustment for study covariates, child greenery exposure was not a significant predictor of longitudinal increases in IQ across childhood and adolescence or of executive function, working memory, or attention ability at age 18. Children raised in greener neighborhoods exhibit better overall cognitive ability, but the association is likely accounted for by family and neighborhood socioeconomic factors.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.029}, Key = {fds342747} } @article{fds342442, Author = {Belsky, DW and Caspi, A and Arseneault, L and Corcoran, DL and Domingue, BW and Harris, KM and Houts, RM and Mill, JS and Moffitt, TE and Prinz, J and Sugden, K and Wertz, J and Williams, B and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment.}, Journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, Volume = {3}, Number = {6}, Pages = {576-586}, Year = {2019}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0562-1}, Abstract = {Young people's life chances can be predicted by characteristics of their neighbourhood1. Children growing up in disadvantaged neighbourhoods exhibit worse physical and mental health and suffer poorer educational and economic outcomes than children growing up in advantaged neighbourhoods. Increasing recognition that aspects of social inequalities tend, in fact, to be geographical inequalities2-5 is stimulating research and focusing policy interest on the role of place in shaping health, behaviour and social outcomes. Where neighbourhood effects are causal, neighbourhood-level interventions can be effective. Where neighbourhood effects reflect selection of families with different characteristics into different neighbourhoods, interventions should instead target families or individuals directly. To test how selection may affect different neighbourhood-linked problems, we linked neighbourhood data with genetic, health and social outcome data for >7,000 European-descent UK and US young people in the E-Risk and Add Health studies. We tested selection/concentration of genetic risks for obesity, schizophrenia, teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes in high-risk neighbourhoods, including genetic analysis of neighbourhood mobility. Findings argue against genetic selection/concentration as an explanation for neighbourhood gradients in obesity and mental health problems. By contrast, modest genetic selection/concentration was evident for teen pregnancy and poor educational outcomes, suggesting that neighbourhood effects for these outcomes should be interpreted with care.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41562-019-0562-1}, Key = {fds342442} } @article{fds342444, Author = {Baldwin, JR and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Fisher, HL and Odgers, CL and Ambler, A and Houts, RM and Matthews, T and Ougrin, D and Richmond-Rakerd, LS and Takizawa, R and Danese, A}, Title = {Adolescent Victimization and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Genetically Sensitive Cohort Study.}, Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, Volume = {58}, Number = {5}, Pages = {506-513}, Year = {2019}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.903}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE:Victimized adolescents have an increased risk of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. However, poor understanding of causal and non-causal mechanisms underlying this observed risk limits the development of interventions to prevent premature death in adolescents. This study tested whether pre-existing family-wide and individual vulnerabilities account for victimized adolescents' increased risk of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. METHOD:Participants were 2,232 British children followed from birth to 18 years of age as part of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Adolescent victimization (maltreatment, neglect, sexual victimization, family violence, peer/sibling victimization, cyber victimization, and crime victimization) was assessed through interviews with participants and co-informant questionnaires at the 18-year assessment. Suicidal ideation, self-harm, and suicide attempt in adolescence were assessed through interviews with participants at 18 years. RESULTS:Victimized adolescents had an increased risk of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% CI 2.11-2.74), self-harm (OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.10-2.69), and suicide attempt (OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.54-3.88). Co-twin control and propensity score matching analyses showed that these associations were largely accounted for by pre-existing familial and individual vulnerabilities, respectively. Over and above their prior vulnerabilities, victimized adolescents still showed a modest increase in risk for suicidal ideation (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.10-1.91) and self-harm (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.18-1.91) but not for suicide attempt (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.83-1.98). CONCLUSION:Risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in victimized adolescents is explained only in part by the experience of victimization. Pre-existing vulnerabilities account for a large proportion of the risk. Therefore, effective interventions to prevent premature death in victimized adolescents should not only target the experience of victimization but also address pre-existing vulnerabilities.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.903}, Key = {fds342444} } @article{fds342443, Author = {Matthews, T and Odgers, CL and Danese, A and Fisher, HL and Newbury, JB and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L}, Title = {Loneliness and Neighborhood Characteristics: A Multi-Informant, Nationally Representative Study of Young Adults.}, Journal = {Psychological Science}, Volume = {30}, Number = {5}, Pages = {765-775}, Year = {2019}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619836102}, Abstract = {In this study, we investigated associations between the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which young adults live and their feelings of loneliness, using data from different sources. Participants were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Loneliness was measured via self-reports at ages 12 and 18 years and also by interviewer ratings at age 18. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed between the ages of 12 and 18 via government data, systematic social observations, a resident survey, and participants' self-reports. Greater loneliness was associated with perceptions of lower collective efficacy and greater neighborhood disorder but not with more objective measures of neighborhood characteristics. Lonelier individuals perceived the collective efficacy of their neighborhoods to be lower than did their less lonely siblings who lived at the same address. These findings suggest that feelings of loneliness are associated with negatively biased perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, which may have implications for lonely individuals' likelihood of escaping loneliness.}, Doi = {10.1177/0956797619836102}, Key = {fds342443} } @article{fds343508, Author = {Russell, MA and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Adolescents' Subjective Social Status Predicts Day-to-Day Mental Health and Future Substance Use.}, Journal = {Journal of Research on Adolescence}, Year = {2019}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jora.12496}, Abstract = {Adolescents' subjective social status (SSS) is associated with mental and behavioral health outcomes, independent of socioeconomic status (SES). Many previous findings, however, come from cross-sectional studies. We report results from a longitudinal study with 151 adolescents identified as at risk for early substance use and behavioral problems sampled from low-SES neighborhoods. We examined whether adolescent's SSS predicted mental health (depression, anxiety, and inattention/impulsivity) measured over 30 days via ecological momentary assessment and risk for substance use at an 18-month follow-up. Results showed that with each perceived step "up" the SSS ladder, adolescents experienced fewer mental health symptoms in daily life and lower future substance use risk after adjusting for objective SES and previous psychopathology. Implications of these findings are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1111/jora.12496}, Key = {fds343508} } @article{fds341845, Author = {Rivenbark, JG and Copeland, WE and Davisson, EK and Gassman-Pines, A and Hoyle, RH and Piontak, JR and Russell, MA and Skinner, AT and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Perceived social status and mental health among young adolescents: Evidence from census data to cellphones.}, Journal = {Dev Psychol}, Volume = {55}, Number = {3}, Pages = {574-585}, Year = {2019}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000551}, Abstract = {Adolescents in the United States live amid high levels of concentrated poverty and increasing income inequality. Poverty is robustly linked to adolescents' mental health problems; however, less is known about how perceptions of their social status and exposure to local area income inequality relate to mental health. Participants consisted of a population-representative sample of over 2,100 adolescents (ages 10-16), 395 of whom completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study. Participants' subjective social status (SSS) was assessed at the start of the EMA, and mental health symptoms were measured both at baseline for the entire sample and daily in the EMA sample. Adolescents' SSS tracked family, school, and neighborhood economic indicators (|r| ranging from .12 to .30), and associations did not differ by age, race, or gender. SSS was independently associated with mental health, with stronger associations among older (ages 14-16) versus younger (ages 10-13) adolescents. Adolescents with lower SSS reported higher psychological distress and inattention problems, as well as more conduct problems, in daily life. Those living in areas with higher income inequality reported significantly lower subjective social status, but this association was explained by family and neighborhood income. Findings illustrate that adolescents' SSS is correlated with both internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, and that by age 14 it becomes a unique predictor of mental health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).}, Doi = {10.1037/dev0000551}, Key = {fds341845} } @article{fds341466, Author = {Lewis, SJ and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Fisher, HL and Matthews, T and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Stahl, D and Teng, JY and Danese, A}, Title = {The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales.}, Journal = {The Lancet. Psychiatry}, Volume = {6}, Number = {3}, Pages = {247-256}, Year = {2019}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30031-8}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND:Despite the emphasis placed on childhood trauma in psychiatry, comparatively little is known about the epidemiology of trauma and trauma-related psychopathology in young people. We therefore aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and risk factors associated with trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young people. METHODS:We carried out a comprehensive epidemiological study based on participants from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-representative birth-cohort of 2232 children born in England and Wales in 1994-95. At the follow-up home visit at age 18 years, participants were assessed with structured interviews for trauma exposure, PTSD, other psychopathology, risk events, functional impairment, and service use. Risk factors for PTSD were measured prospectively over four previous assessments between age 5 and 12 years. The key outcomes were the prevalence, clinical features, and risk factors associated with trauma exposure and PTSD. We also derived and tested the internal validity of a PTSD risk calculator. FINDINGS:We found that 642 (31·1%) of 2064 participants reported trauma exposure and 160 (7·8%) of 2063 experienced PTSD by age 18 years. Trauma-exposed participants had high rates of psychopathology (187 [29·2%] of 641 for major depressive episode, 146 [22·9%] of 638 for conduct disorder, and 102 [15·9%] of 641 for alcohol dependence), risk events (160 [25·0%] of 641 for self-harm, 53 [8·3%] of 640 for suicide attempt, and 42 [6·6%] of 640 for violent offence), and functional impairment. Participants with lifetime PTSD had even higher rates of psychopathology (87 [54·7%] of 159 for major depressive episode, 43 [27·0%] of 159 for conduct disorder, and 41 [25·6%] of 160 for alcohol dependence), risk events (78 [48·8%] of 160 for self-harm, 32 [20·1%] of 159 for suicide attempt, and 19 [11·9%] of 159 for violent offence), and functional impairment. However, only 33 (20·6%) of 160 participants with PTSD received help from mental health professionals. The PTSD risk calculator had an internally validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0·74, indicating adequate discrimination of trauma-exposed participants with and without PTSD, and internally validated calibration-in-the-large of -0·10 and calibration slope of 0·90, indicating adequate calibration. INTERPRETATION:Trauma exposure and PTSD are associated with complex psychiatric presentations, high risk, and significant impairment in young people. Improved screening, reduced barriers to care provision, and comprehensive clinical assessment are needed to ensure that trauma-exposed young people and those with PTSD receive appropriate treatment. FUNDING:The Medical Research Council, the National Institute of Child Health and Development, the Jacobs Foundation, the Nuffield Foundation, the National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children, the Economic and Social Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, MQ, and Canadian Institutes for Advanced Research.}, Doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30031-8}, Key = {fds341466} } @article{fds340578, Author = {Roberts, S and Arseneault, L and Barratt, B and Beevers, S and Danese, A and Odgers, CL and Moffitt, TE and Reuben, A and Kelly, FJ and Fisher, HL}, Title = {Exploration of NO2 and PM2.5 air pollution and mental health problems using high-resolution data in London-based children from a UK longitudinal cohort study.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Research}, Volume = {272}, Pages = {8-17}, Year = {2019}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.050}, Abstract = {Air pollution is a worldwide environmental health issue. Increasingly, reports suggest that poor air quality may be associated with mental health problems, but these studies often use global measures and rarely focus on early development when psychopathology commonly emerges. To address this, we combined high-resolution air pollution exposure estimates and prospectively-collected phenotypic data to explore concurrent and longitudinal associations between air pollutants of major concern in urban areas and mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. Exploratory analyses were conducted on 284 London-based children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. Exposure to annualized PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations was estimated at address-level when children were aged 12. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were assessed at ages 12 and 18. Psychiatric diagnoses were ascertained from interviews with the participants at age 18. We found no associations between age-12 pollution exposure and concurrent mental health problems. However, age-12 pollution estimates were significantly associated with increased odds of major depressive disorder at age 18, even after controlling for common risk factors. This study demonstrates the potential utility of incorporating high-resolution pollution estimates into large epidemiological cohorts to robustly investigate associations between air pollution and youth mental health.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.050}, Key = {fds340578} } @article{fds335192, Author = {Matthews, T and Danese, A and Caspi, A and Fisher, HL and Goldman-Mellor, S and Kepa, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Arseneault, L}, Title = {Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study.}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Volume = {49}, Number = {2}, Pages = {268-277}, Year = {2019}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718000788}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to build a detailed, integrative profile of the correlates of young adults' feelings of loneliness, in terms of their current health and functioning and their childhood experiences and circumstances. METHODS:Data were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2232 individuals born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was measured when participants were aged 18. Regression analyses were used to test concurrent associations between loneliness and health and functioning in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine childhood factors associated with young adult loneliness. RESULTS:Lonelier young adults were more likely to experience mental health problems, to engage in physical health risk behaviours, and to use more negative strategies to cope with stress. They were less confident in their employment prospects and were more likely to be out of work. Lonelier young adults were, as children, more likely to have had mental health difficulties and to have experienced bullying and social isolation. Loneliness was evenly distributed across genders and socioeconomic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS:Young adults' experience of loneliness co-occurs with a diverse range of problems, with potential implications for health in later life. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention to prevent lonely young adults from being trapped in loneliness as they age.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0033291718000788}, Key = {fds335192} } @article{fds337321, Author = {Jaffee, SR and Ambler, A and Merrick, M and Goldman-Mellor, S and Odgers, CL and Fisher, HL and Danese, A and Arseneault, L}, Title = {Childhood Maltreatment Predicts Poor Economic and Educational Outcomes in the Transition to Adulthood.}, Journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, Volume = {108}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1142-1147}, Year = {2018}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304587}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES:To test whether childhood maltreatment was a predictor of (1) having low educational qualifications and (2) not being in education, employment, or training among young adults in the United Kingdom today. METHODS:Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative UK cohort of 2232 twins born in 1994 to 1995. Mothers reported on child maltreatment when participants were aged 5, 7, 10, and 12 years. Participants were interviewed about their vocational status at age 18 years. RESULTS:The unadjusted odds of having low educational qualifications or of not being in education, employment, or training at age 18 years were more than 2 times greater for young people with a childhood history of maltreatment versus those without. These associations were reduced after adjustments for individual and family characteristics. Youths who reported having a supportive adult in their lives had better education outcomes than did youths who had less support. CONCLUSIONS:Closer collaboration between the child welfare and education systems is warranted to improve vocational outcomes for maltreated youths.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2018.304587}, Key = {fds337321} } @article{fds333759, Author = {Marzi, SJ and Sugden, K and Arseneault, L and Belsky, DW and Burrage, J and Corcoran, DL and Danese, A and Fisher, HL and Hannon, E and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Pariante, C and Poulton, R and Williams, BS and Wong, CCY and Mill, J and Caspi, A}, Title = {Analysis of DNA Methylation in Young People: Limited Evidence for an Association Between Victimization Stress and Epigenetic Variation in Blood.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {175}, Number = {6}, Pages = {517-529}, Year = {2018}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17060693}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE:DNA methylation has been proposed as an epigenetic mechanism by which early-life experiences become "embedded" in the genome and alter transcriptional processes to compromise health. The authors sought to investigate whether early-life victimization stress is associated with genome-wide DNA methylation. METHOD:The authors tested the hypothesis that victimization is associated with DNA methylation in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative 1994-1995 birth cohort of 2,232 twins born in England and Wales and assessed at ages 5, 7, 10, 12, and 18 years. Multiple forms of victimization were ascertained in childhood and adolescence (including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; neglect; exposure to intimate-partner violence; bullying; cyber-victimization; and crime). RESULTS:Epigenome-wide analyses of polyvictimization across childhood and adolescence revealed few significant associations with DNA methylation in peripheral blood at age 18, but these analyses were confounded by tobacco smoking and/or did not survive co-twin control tests. Secondary analyses of specific forms of victimization revealed sparse associations with DNA methylation that did not replicate across different operationalizations of the same putative victimization experience. Hypothesis-driven analyses of six candidate genes in the stress response (NR3C1, FKBP5, BDNF, AVP, CRHR1, SLC6A4) did not reveal predicted associations with DNA methylation in probes annotated to these genes. CONCLUSIONS:Findings from this epidemiological analysis of the epigenetic effects of early-life stress do not support the hypothesis of robust changes in DNA methylation in victimized young people. We need to come to terms with the possibility that epigenetic epidemiology is not yet well matched to experimental, nonhuman models in uncovering the biological embedding of stress.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17060693}, Key = {fds333759} } @article{fds331328, Author = {Rivenbark, JG and Odgers, CL and Caspi, A and Harrington, H and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {The high societal costs of childhood conduct problems: evidence from administrative records up to age 38 in a longitudinal birth cohort.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {59}, Number = {6}, Pages = {703-710}, Year = {2018}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12850}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND:Children with conduct problems that persist into adulthood are at increased risk for future behavioral, health, and social problems. However, the longer term public service usage among these children has not been fully documented. To aid public health and intervention planning, adult service usage across criminal justice, health care, and social welfare domains is compared among all individuals from a representative cohort who followed different conduct problem trajectories from childhood into adulthood. METHODS:Participants are from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a prospective, representative cohort of consecutive births (N = 1,037) from April 1972 to March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand. Regression analyses were used to compare levels of public service usage up to age 38, gathered via administrative and electronic medical records, between participants who displayed distinct subtypes of childhood conduct problems (low, childhood-limited, adolescent-onset, and life-course persistent). RESULTS:Children exhibiting life-course persistent conduct problems used significantly more services as adults than those with low levels of childhood conduct problems. Although this group comprised only 9.0% of the population, they accounted for 53.3% of all convictions, 15.7% of emergency department visits, 20.5% of prescription fills, 13.1% of injury claims, and 24.7% of welfare benefit months. Half of this group (50.0%) also accrued high service use across all three domains of criminal justice, health, and social welfare services, as compared to only 11.3% of those with low conduct problems (OR = 7.27, 95% CI = 4.42-12.0). CONCLUSIONS:Conduct problems in childhood signal high future costs in terms of service utilization across multiple sectors. Future evaluations of interventions aimed at conduct problems should also track potential reductions in health burden and service usage that stretch into midlife.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12850}, Key = {fds331328} } @article{fds331330, Author = {Odgers, CL and Adler, NE}, Title = {Challenges for Low-Income Children in an Era of Increasing Income Inequality}, Journal = {Child Development Perspectives}, Volume = {12}, Number = {2}, Pages = {128-133}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2018}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12273}, Abstract = {© 2017 The Authors. Child Development Perspectives © 2017 The Society for Research in Child Development Children growing up in poverty are at heightened risk for poor health. Researchers have identified some mechanisms responsible for this association but we know less about how children are affected by growing up in communities, schools, and countries with varying levels of income inequality. In this article, we summarize what is known about the association between children's well-being and income inequality, and outline three challenges that increasing levels of income inequality may pose to children from low-income families. We also discuss implications for research and policy.}, Doi = {10.1111/cdep.12273}, Key = {fds331330} } @article{fds333756, Author = {Wertz, J and Caspi, A and Belsky, DW and Beckley, AL and Arseneault, L and Barnes, JC and Corcoran, DL and Hogan, S and Houts, RM and Morgan, N and Odgers, CL and Prinz, JA and Sugden, K and Williams, BS and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Genetics and Crime: Integrating New Genomic Discoveries Into Psychological Research About Antisocial Behavior.}, Journal = {Psychological Science}, Volume = {29}, Number = {5}, Pages = {791-803}, Year = {2018}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617744542}, Abstract = {Drawing on psychological and sociological theories of crime causation, we tested the hypothesis that genetic risk for low educational attainment (assessed via a genome-wide polygenic score) is associated with criminal offending. We further tested hypotheses of how polygenic risk relates to the development of antisocial behavior from childhood through adulthood. Across the Dunedin and Environmental Risk (E-Risk) birth cohorts of individuals growing up 20 years and 20,000 kilometers apart, education polygenic scores predicted risk of a criminal record with modest effects. Polygenic risk manifested during primary schooling in lower cognitive abilities, lower self-control, academic difficulties, and truancy, and it was associated with a life-course-persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that onsets in childhood and persists into adulthood. Crime is central in the nature-nurture debate, and findings reported here demonstrate how molecular-genetic discoveries can be incorporated into established theories of antisocial behavior. They also suggest that improving school experiences might prevent genetic influences on crime from unfolding.}, Doi = {10.1177/0956797617744542}, Key = {fds333756} } @article{fds333757, Author = {Beckley, AL and Caspi, A and Arseneault, L and Barnes, JC and Fisher, HL and Harrington, H and Houts, R and Morgan, N and Odgers, CL and Wertz, J and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {The Developmental Nature of the Victim-Offender Overlap.}, Journal = {Journal of Developmental and Life Course Criminology}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Pages = {24-49}, Year = {2018}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-017-0068-3}, Abstract = {Purpose:It is well-established that victims and offenders are often the same people, a phenomenon known as the victim-offender overlap, but the developmental nature of this overlap remains uncertain. In this study, we drew from a developmental theoretical framework to test effects of genetics, individual characteristics, and routine-activity-based risks. Drawing from developmental literature, we additionally tested the effect of an accumulation of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Methods:Data came from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Study, a representative UK birth cohort of 2232 twins born in 1994-1995 and followed to age 18 (with 93% retention). Crime victimization and offending were assessed through self-reports at age 18 (but findings replicated using crime records). We used the classical twin study method to decompose variance in the victim-offender overlap into genetic and environmental components. We used logistic regression to test the effects of childhood risk factors. Results:In contrast to past twin studies, we found that environment (as well as genes) contributed to the victim-offender overlap. Our logistic regression results showed that childhood low self-control and childhood antisocial behavior nearly doubled the odds of becoming a victim-offender, compared to a victim-only or an offender-only. Each additional ACE increased the odds of becoming a victim-offender, compared to a victim-only or an offender-only, by approximately 12%, pointing to the importance of cumulative childhood adversity. Conclusions:This study showed that the victim-offender overlap is, at least partially, developmental in nature and predictable from personal childhood characteristics and an accumulation of many adverse childhood experiences.}, Doi = {10.1007/s40865-017-0068-3}, Key = {fds333757} } @article{fds333758, Author = {Newbury, J and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Fisher, HL}, Title = {Cumulative Effects of Neighborhood Social Adversity and Personal Crime Victimization on Adolescent Psychotic Experiences.}, Journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin}, Volume = {44}, Number = {2}, Pages = {348-358}, Year = {2018}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx060}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND:Little is known about the impact of urbanicity, adverse neighborhood conditions and violent crime victimization on the emergence of adolescent psychotic experiences. METHODS:Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative cohort of 2232 British twins who were interviewed about adolescent psychotic experiences at age 18. Urbanicity, neighborhood characteristics, and personal victimization by violent crime were measured during childhood and adolescence via geocoded census data, surveys of over 5000 immediate neighbors of the E-Risk participants, and interviews with participants themselves. RESULTS:Adolescents raised in urban vs rural neighborhoods were significantly more likely to have psychotic experiences (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21-2.30, P = .002). This association remained significant after considering potential confounders including family socioeconomic status, family psychiatric history, and adolescent substance problems (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.01-2.03, P = .042), but became nonsignificant after considering adverse social conditions in urban neighborhoods such as low social cohesion and high neighborhood disorder (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.94-1.92, P = .102). The combined association of adverse neighborhood social conditions and personal crime victimization with adolescent psychotic experiences (adjusted OR = 4.86, 95% CI = 3.28-7.20, P < .001) was substantially greater than for either exposure alone, highlighting a potential interaction between neighborhood conditions and crime victimization (interaction contrast ratio = 1.81, 95% CI = -0.03 to 3.65) that was significant at the P = .054 level. CONCLUSIONS:Cumulative effects of adverse neighborhood social conditions and personal victimization by violent crime during upbringing partly explain why adolescents in urban settings are more likely to report psychotic experiences. Early intervention efforts for psychosis could be targeted towards victimized youth living in urban and socially adverse neighborhoods.}, Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbx060}, Key = {fds333758} } @article{fds333176, Author = {Odgers, C}, Title = {Smartphones are bad for some teens, not all.}, Journal = {Nature}, Volume = {554}, Number = {7693}, Pages = {432-434}, Year = {2018}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02109-8}, Doi = {10.1038/d41586-018-02109-8}, Key = {fds333176} } @article{fds329537, Author = {Baldwin, JR and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Fisher, HL and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Pariante, C and Ambler, A and Dove, R and Kepa, A and Matthews, T and Menard, A and Sugden, K and Williams, B and Danese, A}, Title = {Childhood victimization and inflammation in young adulthood: A genetically sensitive cohort study.}, Journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, Volume = {67}, Pages = {211-217}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.025}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE:Childhood victimization is an important risk factor for later immune-related disorders. Previous evidence has demonstrated that childhood victimization is associated with elevated levels of inflammation biomarkers measured decades after exposure. However, it is unclear whether this association is (1) already detectable in young people, (2) different in males and females, and (3) confounded by genetic liability to inflammation. Here we sought to address these questions. METHOD:Participants were 2232 children followed from birth to age 18years as part of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. Childhood victimization was measured prospectively from birth to age 12years. Inflammation was measured through C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in dried blood spots at age 18years. Latent genetic liability for high inflammation levels was assessed through a twin-based method. RESULTS:Greater exposure to childhood victimization was associated with higher CRP levels at age 18 (serum-equivalent means were 0.65 in non-victimized Study members, 0.74 in those exposed to one victimization type, and 0.81 in those exposed to poly-victimization; p=0.018). However, this association was driven by a significant association in females (serum-equivalent means were 0.75 in non-victimized females, 0.87 in those exposed to one type of victimization, and 1.19 in those exposed to poly-victimization; p=0.010), while no significant association was observed in males (p=0.19). Victimized females showed elevated CRP levels independent of latent genetic influence, as well as childhood socioeconomic status, and waist-hip ratio and body temperature at the time of CRP assessment. CONCLUSION:Childhood victimization is associated with elevated CRP levels in young women, independent of latent genetic influences and other key risk factors. These results strengthen causal inference about the effects of childhood victimization on inflammation levels in females by accounting for potential genetic confounding.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.025}, Key = {fds329537} } @article{fds326125, Author = {George, MJ and Russell, MA and Piontak, JR and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Concurrent and Subsequent Associations Between Daily Digital Technology Use and High-Risk Adolescents' Mental Health Symptoms.}, Journal = {Child Development}, Volume = {89}, Number = {1}, Pages = {78-88}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12819}, Abstract = {Adolescents are spending an unprecedented amount of time using digital technologies (especially mobile technologies), and there are concerns that adolescents' constant connectivity is associated with poor mental health, particularly among at-risk adolescents. Participants included 151 adolescents at risk for mental health problems (Mage = 13.1) who completed a baseline assessment, 30-day ecological momentary assessment, and 18 month follow-up assessment. Results from multilevel regression models showed that daily reports of both time spent using digital technologies and the number of text messages sent were associated with increased same-day attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms. Adolescents' reported digital technology usage and text messaging across the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period was also associated with poorer self-regulation and increases in conduct problem symptoms between the baseline and follow-up assessments.}, Doi = {10.1111/cdev.12819}, Key = {fds326125} } @article{fds331329, Author = {Odgers, CL and Russell, MA}, Title = {Violence exposure is associated with adolescents' same- and next-day mental health symptoms.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {58}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1310-1318}, Year = {2017}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12763}, Abstract = {Young people exposed to violence are at increased risk for mental health and behavioral problems. However, very little is known about the immediate, or same-day, associations between violence exposure and adolescents' mental health symptoms or whether daily symptom or behavioral reactivity marks future problems.Young adolescents were assessed three times a day for 30 consecutive days using mobile-phone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) (N = 151 adolescents). Over 12,500 assessments and 4,329 person days were obtained via the EMA. Adolescents were recruited from low-income neighborhoods based on parent-reported risk for externalizing symptoms. Mental health symptoms were assessed via parent and child report at baseline, multiple times per day via EMA assessments of the adolescents, and again 18 months later when 93% of the adolescents were reinterviewed.Results from multilevel models illustrated that young adolescents were more likely to experience symptoms of anger (OR = 1.74, CI: 1.31-2.30), depression (OR = 1.66, CI: 1.26-2.19), and conduct problems (OR = 2.63, CI: 1.71-4.04) on days that they were exposed versus not exposed to violence. Increases in depressive symptoms were also observed on days following violence exposure (OR = 1.46, CI: 1.09-1.97). Adolescents with the highest levels of violence exposure across the 30-day EMA were less behaviorally reactive to violence exposures in daily life, and heightened behavioral reactivity predicted increased risk for substance use across early adolescence.Findings support the need to focus on both the immediate and long-term associations between violence exposure and adolescents' mental health and behavior. Results also suggest that heightened behavioral reactivity during early adolescence may signal emerging substance use problems.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12763}, Key = {fds331329} } @article{fds332802, Author = {Newbury, JB and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Baldwin, JR and Zavos, HMS and Fisher, HL}, Title = {In the eye of the beholder: Perceptions of neighborhood adversity and psychotic experiences in adolescence.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {29}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1823-1837}, Year = {2017}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001420}, Abstract = {Adolescent psychotic experiences increase risk for schizophrenia and other severe psychopathology in adulthood. Converging evidence implicates urban and adverse neighborhood conditions in the etiology of adolescent psychotic experiences, but the role of young people's personal perceptions of disorder (i.e., physical and social signs of threat) in their neighborhood is unknown. This was examined using data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2,232 British twins. Participants were interviewed at age 18 about psychotic phenomena and perceptions of disorder in the neighborhood. Multilevel, longitudinal, and genetically sensitive analyses investigated the association between perceptions of neighborhood disorder and adolescent psychotic experiences. Adolescents who perceived higher levels of neighborhood disorder were significantly more likely to have psychotic experiences, even after accounting for objectively/independently measured levels of crime and disorder, neighborhood- and family-level socioeconomic status, family psychiatric history, adolescent substance and mood problems, and childhood psychotic symptoms: odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [1.27, 2.05], p < .001. The phenotypic overlap between adolescent psychotic experiences and perceptions of neighborhood disorder was explained by overlapping common environmental influences, rC = .88, 95% confidence interval [0.26, 1.00]. Findings suggest that early psychological interventions to prevent adolescent psychotic experiences should explore the role of young people's (potentially modifiable) perceptions of threatening neighborhood conditions.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0954579417001420}, Key = {fds332802} } @article{fds327711, Author = {Piontak, JR and Russell, MA and Danese, A and Copeland, WE and Hoyle, RH and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Violence exposure and adolescents' same-day obesogenic behaviors: New findings and a replication.}, Journal = {Social Science and Medicine}, Volume = {189}, Pages = {145-151}, Year = {2017}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.004}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test whether exposure to violence is associated with same-day increases in obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents, including unhealthy food and beverage consumption, poor quality sleep, and lack of physical activity. METHODS: Young at-risk adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age were recruited via telephone screening from low-income neighborhoods. Adolescents and their parents completed in-person assessments, followed by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) delivered to 151 adolescents' mobile phones three times a day for 30 days (4329 person days). Three obesogenic behaviors - unhealthy food consumption, poor sleep quality, and lack of physical activity - and violence exposure were assessed daily. Adolescents' body mass index (BMI) was assessed prior to the EMA and 18 months later. A replication was performed among 395 adolescents from a population-representative sample (with 5276 EMA person days). RESULTS: On days that at-risk adolescents were exposed versus not exposed to violence, they were more likely to consume unhealthy foods and beverages (b = 0.12, p = 0.01), report feeling tired the next morning (OR = 1.58, p < 0.01), and to be active (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). At-risk adolescents who reported higher consumption of soda and caffeinated beverages during the 30-day EMA were more likely to experience increases in BMI in later adolescence. Findings related to sleep and activity were supported in the population-based replication sample; however, no significant same-day associations were found between violence exposure and unhealthy dietary consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that exposure to violence is associated with same-day unhealthy dietary consumption among at-risk adolescents and next-day tiredness related to sleep quality among adolescents from both at-risk and normative populations. Findings also point to unhealthy soda consumption during early adolescence as an important predictor of weight gain among at-risk adolescents.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.004}, Key = {fds327711} } @article{fds322282, Author = {Bailey, D and Duncan, GJ and Odgers, CL and Yu, W}, Title = {Persistence and Fadeout in the Impacts of Child and Adolescent Interventions.}, Journal = {Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness}, Volume = {10}, Number = {1}, Pages = {7-39}, Year = {2017}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1232459}, Abstract = {Many interventions targeting cognitive skills or socioemotional skills and behaviors demonstrate initially promising but then quickly disappearing impacts. Our paper seeks to identify the key features of interventions, as well as the characteristics and environments of the children and adolescents who participate in them, that can be expected to sustain persistently beneficial program impacts. We describe three such processes: skill-building, foot-in-the-door and sustaining environments. We argue that skill-building interventions should target "trifecta" skills - ones that are malleable, fundamental, and would not have developed eventually in the absence of the intervention. Successful foot-in-the-door interventions equip a child with the right skills or capacities at the right time to avoid imminent risks (e.g., grade failure or teen drinking) or seize emerging opportunities (e.g., entry into honors classes). The sustaining environments perspective views high quality of environments subsequent to the completion of the intervention as crucial for sustaining early skill gains. These three perspectives generate both complementary and competing hypotheses regarding the nature, timing and targeting of interventions that generate enduring impacts.}, Doi = {10.1080/19345747.2016.1232459}, Key = {fds322282} } @article{fds322281, Author = {Baldwin, JR and Arseneault, L and Odgers, C and Belsky, DW and Matthews, T and Ambler, A and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Danese, A}, Title = {Childhood Bullying Victimization and Overweight in Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {78}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1094-1103}, Year = {2016}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000388}, Abstract = {To test whether bullied children have an elevated risk of being overweight in young adulthood and whether this association is: (1) consistent with a dose-response relationship, namely, its strength increases with the chronicity of victimization; (2) consistent across different measures of overweight; (3) specific to bullying and not explained by co-occurring maltreatment; (4) independent of key potential confounders; and (5) consistent with the temporal sequence of bullying preceding overweight.A representative birth cohort of 2,232 children was followed to age 18 years as part of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Childhood bullying victimization was reported by mothers and children during primary school and early secondary school. At the age-18 follow-up, we assessed a categorical measure of overweight, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio. Indicators of overweight were also collected at ages 10 and 12. Co-twin body mass and birth weight were used to index genetic and fetal liability to overweight, respectively.Bullied children were more likely to be overweight than non-bullied children at age 18, and this association was (1) strongest in chronically bullied children (odds ratio = 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-2.35); (2) consistent across measures of overweight (body mass index: b = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.37-1.87; waist-hip ratio: b = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.84-2.69); (3) specific to bullying and not explained by co-occurring maltreatment; (4) independent of child socioeconomic status, food insecurity, mental health, and cognition, and pubertal development; and (5) not present at the time of bullying victimization, and independent of childhood weight and genetic and fetal liability.Childhood bullying victimization predicts overweight in young adulthood.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000388}, Key = {fds322281} } @article{fds317843, Author = {Russell, MA and Wang, L and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Witnessing substance use increases same-day antisocial behavior among at-risk adolescents: Gene-environment interaction in a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {28}, Number = {4pt2}, Pages = {1441-1456}, Year = {2016}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415001182}, Abstract = {Many young adolescents are embedded in neighborhoods, schools, and homes where alcohol and drugs are frequently used. However, little is known about (a) how witnessing others' substance use affects adolescents in their daily lives and (b) which adolescents will be most affected. The current study used ecological momentary assessment with 151 young adolescents (ages 11-15) to examine the daily association between witnessing substance use and antisocial behavior across 38 consecutive days. Results from multilevel logistic regression models indicated that adolescents were more likely to engage in antisocial behavior on days when they witnessed others using substances, an association that held when substance use was witnessed inside the home as well as outside the home (e.g., at school or in their neighborhoods). A significant Gene × Environment interaction suggested that the same-day association between witnessing substance use and antisocial behavior was significantly stronger among adolescents with, versus without, the dopamine receptor D4 seven repeat (DRD4-7R) allele. The implications of the findings for theory and research related to adolescent antisocial behavior are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0954579415001182}, Key = {fds317843} } @article{fds317844, Author = {Newbury, J and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Fisher, HL}, Title = {Why Are Children in Urban Neighborhoods at Increased Risk for Psychotic Symptoms? Findings From a UK Longitudinal Cohort Study.}, Journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin}, Volume = {42}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1372-1383}, Year = {2016}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw052}, Abstract = {Urban upbringing is associated with a 2-fold adulthood psychosis risk, and this association replicates for childhood psychotic symptoms. No study has investigated whether specific features of urban neighborhoods increase children's risk for psychotic symptoms, despite these early psychotic phenomena elevating risk for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in adulthood.Analyses were conducted on over 2000 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative cohort of UK-born twins. Neighborhood-level characteristics were assessed for each family via: a geodemographic discriminator indexing neighborhood-level deprivation, postal surveys of over 5000 residents living alongside the children, and in-home interviews with the children's mothers. Children were interviewed about psychotic symptoms at age 12. Analyses were adjusted for important family-level confounders including socioeconomic status (SES), psychiatric history, and maternal psychosis.Urban residency at age-5 (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.16-2.77) and age-12 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15-2.69) were both significantly associated with childhood psychotic symptoms, but not with age-12 anxiety, depression, or antisocial behavior. The association was not attributable to family SES, family psychiatric history, or maternal psychosis, each implicated in childhood mental health. Low social cohesion, together with crime victimization in the neighborhood explained nearly a quarter of the association between urbanicity and childhood psychotic symptoms after considering family-level confounders.Low social cohesion and crime victimization in the neighborhood partly explain why children in cities have an elevated risk of developing psychotic symptoms. Greater understanding of the mechanisms leading from neighborhood-level exposures to psychotic symptoms could help target interventions for emerging childhood psychotic symptoms.}, Doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbw052}, Key = {fds317844} } @article{fds317845, Author = {Matthews, T and Danese, A and Wertz, J and Odgers, CL and Ambler, A and Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L}, Title = {Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis.}, Journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology}, Volume = {51}, Number = {3}, Pages = {339-348}, Year = {2016}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7}, Abstract = {To investigate the association between social isolation and loneliness, how they relate to depression, and whether these associations are explained by genetic influences.We used data from the age-18 wave of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 1116 same-sex twin pairs born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Participants reported on their levels of social isolation, loneliness and depressive symptoms. We conducted regression analyses to test the differential associations of isolation and loneliness with depression. Using the twin study design, we estimated the proportion of variance in each construct and their covariance that was accounted for by genetic and environmental factors.Social isolation and loneliness were moderately correlated (r = 0.39), reflecting the separateness of these constructs, and both were associated with depression. When entered simultaneously in a regression analysis, loneliness was more robustly associated with depression. We observed similar degrees of genetic influence on social isolation (40 %) and loneliness (38 %), and a smaller genetic influence on depressive symptoms (29 %), with the remaining variance accounted for by the non-shared environment. Genetic correlations of 0.65 between isolation and loneliness and 0.63 between loneliness and depression indicated a strong role of genetic influences in the co-occurrence of these phenotypes.Socially isolated young adults do not necessarily experience loneliness. However, those who are lonely are often depressed, partly because the same genes influence loneliness and depression. Interventions should not only aim at increasing social connections but also focus on subjective feelings of loneliness.}, Doi = {10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7}, Key = {fds317845} } @article{fds275464, Author = {Goldman-Mellor, S and Caspi, A and Arseneault, L and Ajala, N and Ambler, A and Danese, A and Fisher, H and Hucker, A and Odgers, C and Williams, T and Wong, C and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Committed to work but vulnerable: self-perceptions and mental health in NEET 18-year olds from a contemporary British cohort.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {57}, Number = {2}, Pages = {196-203}, Year = {2016}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0021-9630}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12459}, Abstract = {Labour market disengagement among youths has lasting negative economic and social consequences, yet is poorly understood. We compared four types of work-related self-perceptions, as well as vulnerability to mental health and substance abuse problems, among youths not in education, employment or training (NEET) and among their peers.Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) longitudinal study, a nationally representative UK cohort of 2,232 twins born in 1994-1995. We measured commitment to work, job-search effort, professional/technical skills, 'soft' skills (e.g. teamwork, decision-making, communication), optimism about getting ahead, and mental health and substance use disorders at age 18. We also examined childhood mental health.At age 18, 11.6% of participants were NEET. NEET participants reported themselves as committed to work and searching for jobs with greater diligence than their non-NEET peers. However, they reported fewer 'soft' skills (B = -0.98, p < .001) and felt less optimistic about their likelihood of getting ahead in life (B = -2.41, p < .001). NEET youths also had higher rates of concurrent mental health and substance abuse problems, but these did not explain the relationship with work-related self-perceptions. Nearly 60% of NEET (vs. 35% of non-NEET) youths had already experienced ≥1 mental health problem in childhood/adolescence. Associations of NEET status with concurrent mental health problems were independent of pre-existing mental health vulnerability.Our findings indicate that while NEET is clearly an economic and mental health issue, it does not appear to be a motivation issue. Alongside skills, work-related self-perceptions and mental health problems may be targets for intervention and service provision among this high-risk population.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12459}, Key = {fds275464} } @article{fds300006, Author = {Fisher, HL and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Wertz, J and Gray, R and Newbury, J and Ambler, A and Zavos, H and Danese, A and Mill, J and Odgers, CL and Pariante, C and Wong, CCY and Arseneault, L}, Title = {Measuring adolescents' exposure to victimization: The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {27}, Number = {4 Pt 2}, Pages = {1399-1416}, Year = {2015}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0954-5794}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000838}, Abstract = {This paper presents multilevel findings on adolescents' victimization exposure from a large longitudinal cohort of twins. Data were obtained from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, an epidemiological study of 2,232 children (1,116 twin pairs) followed to 18 years of age (with 93% retention). To assess adolescent victimization, we combined best practices in survey research on victimization with optimal approaches to measuring life stress and traumatic experiences, and introduce a reliable system for coding severity of victimization. One in three children experienced at least one type of severe victimization during adolescence (crime victimization, peer/sibling victimization, Internet/mobile phone victimization, sexual victimization, family violence, maltreatment, or neglect), and most types of victimization were more prevalent among children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Exposure to multiple victimization types was common, as was revictimization; over half of those physically maltreated in childhood were also exposed to severe physical violence in adolescence. Biometric twin analyses revealed that environmental factors had the greatest influence on most types of victimization, while severe physical maltreatment from caregivers during adolescence was predominantly influenced by heritable factors. The findings from this study showcase how distinct levels of victimization measurement can be harmonized in large-scale studies of health and development.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0954579415000838}, Key = {fds300006} } @article{fds300007, Author = {George, MJ and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Seven Fears and the Science of How Mobile Technologies May Be Influencing Adolescents in the Digital Age.}, Journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Volume = {10}, Number = {6}, Pages = {832-851}, Year = {2015}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1745-6916}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691615596788}, Abstract = {Close to 90% of U.S. adolescents now own or have access to a mobile phone, and they are using them frequently. Adolescents send and receive an average of over 60 text messages per day from their devices, and over 90% of adolescents now access the Internet from a mobile device at least occasionally. Many adults are asking how this constant connectivity is influencing adolescents' development. In this article, we examine seven commonly voiced fears about the influence of mobile technologies on adolescents' safety (e.g., cyberbullying and online solicitation), social development (e.g., peer relationships, parent-child relationships, and identity development), cognitive performance, and sleep. Three sets of findings emerge. First, with some notable exceptions (e.g., sleep disruption and new tools for bullying), most online behaviors and threats to well-being are mirrored in the offline world, such that offline factors predict negative online experiences and effects. Second, the effects of mobile technologies are not uniform, in that benefits appear to be conferred for some adolescents (e.g., skill building among shy adolescents), whereas risk is exacerbated among others (e.g., worsening existing mental health problems). Third, experimental and quasi-experimental studies that go beyond a reliance on self-reported information are required to understand how, for whom, and under what conditions adolescents' interactions with mobile technologies influence their still developing social relationships, brains, and bodies.}, Doi = {10.1177/1745691615596788}, Key = {fds300007} } @article{fds317846, Author = {Odgers, CL}, Title = {Income inequality and the developing child: Is it all relative?}, Journal = {American Psychologist}, Volume = {70}, Number = {8}, Pages = {722-731}, Year = {2015}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039836}, Abstract = {Children from low-income families are at heightened risk for a number of poor outcomes, including depression, antisocial behavior, poor physical health, and educational failure. Growing up in poverty is generally seen as toxic for children. However, less is known about how the "economic distance" between children and their peers influences behavior and health. This article examines how both poverty and the growing divide between low-income children and their peers may be influencing low-income children's life chances. Among wealthy nations, children in countries with higher levels of income inequality consistently fare worse on multiple indices of health, educational attainment, and well-being. New research also suggests that low-income children may be experiencing worse outcomes, and a form of "double disadvantage," when they live and attend school alongside more affluent versus similarly positioned peers. The role of subjective social status in explaining why some low-income children appear to suffer when growing up alongside more affluent peers is explored, alongside a call for additional research focused on how children come to understand, and respond to, their perceived social status. (PsycINFO Database Record}, Doi = {10.1037/a0039836}, Key = {fds317846} } @article{fds275465, Author = {Odgers, CL and Donley, S and Caspi, A and Bates, CJ and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Living alongside more affluent neighbors predicts greater involvement in antisocial behavior among low-income boys.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {56}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1055-1064}, Year = {2015}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0021-9630}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12380}, Abstract = {The creation of economically mixed communities has been proposed as one way to improve the life outcomes of children growing up in poverty. However, whether low-income children benefit from living alongside more affluent neighbors is unknown.Prospectively gathered data on over 1,600 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study living in urban environments is used to test whether living alongside more affluent neighbors (measured via high-resolution geo-spatial indices) predicts low-income children's antisocial behavior (reported by mothers and teachers at the ages of 5, 7, 10, and 12).Results indicated that low-income boys (but not girls) surrounded by more affluent neighbors had higher levels of antisocial behavior than their peers embedded in concentrated poverty. The negative effect of growing up alongside more affluent neighbors on low-income boys' antisocial behavior held across childhood and after controlling for key neighborhood and family-level factors.Findings suggest that efforts to create more economically mixed communities for children, if not properly supported, may have iatrogenic effects on boys' antisocial behavior.}, Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12380}, Key = {fds275465} } @article{fds275466, Author = {Tsang, S and Schmidt, KM and Vincent, GM and Salekin, RT and Moretti, MM and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Assessing psychopathy among justice involved adolescents with the PCL:YV: an item response theory examination across gender.}, Journal = {Personality Disorders}, Volume = {6}, Number = {1}, Pages = {22-31}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1949-2715}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/per0000094}, Abstract = {This study used an item response theory (IRT) model and a large adolescent sample of justice involved youth (N = 1,007, 38% female) to examine the item functioning of the Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version (PCL: YV). Items that were most discriminating (or most sensitive to changes) of the latent trait (thought to be psychopathy) among adolescents included "glibness/superficial charm," "lack of remorse," and "need for stimulation," whereas items that were least discriminating included "pathological lying," "failure to accept responsibility," and "lacks goals." The items "impulsivity" and "irresponsibility" were the most likely to be rated high among adolescents, whereas "parasitic lifestyle," and "glibness/superficial charm" were the most likely to be rated low. Evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) on 4 of the 13 items was found between boys and girls. "Failure to accept responsibility" and "impulsivity" were endorsed more frequently to describe adolescent girls than boys at similar levels of the latent trait, and vice versa for "grandiose sense of self-worth" and "lacks goals." The DIF findings suggest that 4 PCL: YV items function differently between boys and girls.}, Doi = {10.1037/per0000094}, Key = {fds275466} } @article{fds275467, Author = {Moretti, MM and Bartolo, T and Craig, S and Slaney, K and Odgers, C}, Title = {Gender and the transmission of risk: A prospective study of adolescent girls exposed to maternal versus paternal interparental violence}, Journal = {Journal of Research on Adolescence}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {80-92}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2014}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1050-8392}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jora.12065}, Abstract = {Violence perpetrated by young women typically occurs in close relationships. This study assessed the impact of exposure to interparental violence (IPV) on girls' perpetration of violence within romantic relationships and examined whether this relationship was mediated through sensitivity to interpersonal rejection (RS). Exposure to maternal IPV predicted girls' romantic partner aggression in adolescence and 5 years later in young adulthood. Additionally, girls high on RS were at increased risk of aggression in romantic relationships in adolescence and young adulthood. RS mediated the relationship between IPV and levels of romantic partner aggression in adolescence, but not into young adulthood. These effects remained stable even when paternal IPV and other forms of parental abuse were controlled. © 2014 Society for Research on Adolescence.}, Doi = {10.1111/jora.12065}, Key = {fds275467} } @article{fds275468, Author = {Henneberger, AK and Oudekerk, BA and Reppucci, ND and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Differential Subtypes of Offending Among Adolescent Girls Predict Health and Criminality in Adulthood}, Journal = {Criminal Justice and Behavior}, Volume = {41}, Number = {2}, Pages = {181-195}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2014}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0093-8548}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854813500957}, Abstract = {This study tests whether subtyping justice-involved adolescent girls into violent and delinquent (VAD), delinquent only, and low subgroups is predictive of adult health and offending. We use data from the Gender and Aggression Project to examine young adulthood functioning among women (N = 114) who were incarcerated during adolescence. After controlling for age, initial official-reports of offending, and baseline scores on the outcome of interest, the VAD subgroup experienced the worst functioning in young adulthood. Compared with the delinquency only subgroup, the VAD subgroup recidivated at higher rates and reported more internalizing psychopathology and physical health discomfort. Findings indicate that justice-involved girls should not be treated as a homogeneous group and prevention and intervention services should focus on girls who are most at risk in adolescence. © 2013 International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology.}, Doi = {10.1177/0093854813500957}, Key = {fds275468} } @article{fds275503, Author = {Odgers, CL and Jaffee, SR}, Title = {Routine versus catastrophic influences on the developing child.}, Journal = {Annual Review of Public Health}, Volume = {34}, Pages = {29-48}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297656}, Abstract = {Exposure to toxic stress accelerates the wear and tear on children's developing bodies and leaves a lasting mark on adult health. Prior research has focused mainly on children exposed to extreme forms of adversity, such as maltreatment and extreme neglect. However, repeated exposure to less severe, but often chronic stressors is likely to play as large, if not larger, of a role in forecasting children's future mental and physical health. New tools from neuroscience, biology, epigenetics, and the social sciences are helping to isolate when and how the foundations for adult health are shaped by childhood experiences. We are now in the position to understand how adversity, in both extreme and more mundane forms, contributes to the adult health burden and to identify features in children's families and environments that can be strengthened to buffer the effects of toxic stressors. We are also positioned to develop and implement innovative approaches to child policy and practice that are rooted in an understanding of how exposure to toxic stressors can become biologically embedded. The stage is set for the creation of new interventions--on both grand and micro scales--to reduce previously intractable health disparities.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114447}, Key = {fds275503} } @article{fds275504, Author = {Odgers, CL and Caspi, A and Bates, CJ and Sampson, RJ and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Systematic social observation of children's neighborhoods using Google Street View: a reliable and cost-effective method.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {53}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1009-1017}, Year = {2012}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22676812}, Abstract = {Children growing up in poor versus affluent neighborhoods are more likely to spend time in prison, develop health problems and die at an early age. The question of how neighborhood conditions influence our behavior and health has attracted the attention of public health officials and scholars for generations. Online tools are now providing new opportunities to measure neighborhood features and may provide a cost effective way to advance our understanding of neighborhood effects on child health.A virtual systematic social observation (SSO) study was conducted to test whether Google Street View could be used to reliably capture the neighborhood conditions of families participating in the Environmental-Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. Multiple raters coded a subsample of 120 neighborhoods and convergent and discriminant validity was evaluated on the full sample of over 1,000 neighborhoods by linking virtual SSO measures to: (a) consumer based geo-demographic classifications of deprivation and health, (b) local resident surveys of disorder and safety, and (c) parent and teacher assessments of children's antisocial behavior, prosocial behavior, and body mass index.High levels of observed agreement were documented for signs of physical disorder, physical decay, dangerousness and street safety. Inter-rater agreement estimates fell within the moderate to substantial range for all of the scales (ICCs ranged from .48 to .91). Negative neighborhood features, including SSO-rated disorder and decay and dangerousness corresponded with local resident reports, demonstrated a graded relationship with census-defined indices of socioeconomic status, and predicted higher levels of antisocial behavior among local children. In addition, positive neighborhood features, including SSO-rated street safety and the percentage of green space, were associated with higher prosocial behavior and healthy weight status among children.Our results support the use of Google Street View as a reliable and cost effective tool for measuring both negative and positive features of local neighborhoods.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02565.x}, Key = {fds275504} } @article{fds275502, Author = {Odgers, CL and Caspi, A and Russell, MA and Sampson, RJ and Arseneault, L and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Supportive parenting mediates neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in children's antisocial behavior from ages 5 to 12.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {24}, Number = {3}, Pages = {705-721}, Year = {2012}, Month = {August}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22781850}, Abstract = {We report a graded relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and children's antisocial behavior that (a) can be observed at school entry, (b) widens across childhood, (c) remains after controlling for family-level SES and risk, and (d) is completely mediated by maternal warmth and parental monitoring (defined throughout as supportive parenting). The children were participants in the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 2,232), which prospectively tracked the development of children and their neighborhoods across childhood. Direct and independent effects of neighborhood-level SES on children's antisocial behavior were observed as early as age 5, and the gap between children living in deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods widened as children approached adolescence. By age 12, the effect of neighborhood SES on children's antisocial behavior was as large as the effect observed for our most robust predictor of antisocial behavior: sex (Cohen d = 0.51 when comparing children growing up in deprived vs. more affluent neighborhoods in comparison to Cohen d = 0.53 when comparing antisocial behavior among boys vs. girls). However, these relatively large differences in children's levels and rate of change in antisocial behavior across deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods were completely mediated by supportive parenting practices. The implications of our findings for studying and reducing socioeconomic disparities in antisocial behavior among children are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1017/S0954579412000326}, Key = {fds275502} } @article{fds275493, Author = {Jaffee, SR and Strait, LB and Odgers, CL}, Title = {From correlates to causes: can quasi-experimental studies and statistical innovations bring us closer to identifying the causes of antisocial behavior?}, Journal = {Psychological Bulletin}, Volume = {138}, Number = {2}, Pages = {272-295}, Year = {2012}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22023141}, Abstract = {Longitudinal, epidemiological studies have identified robust risk factors for youth antisocial behavior, including harsh and coercive discipline, maltreatment, smoking during pregnancy, divorce, teen parenthood, peer deviance, parental psychopathology, and social disadvantage. Nevertheless, because this literature is largely based on observational studies, it remains unclear whether these risk factors have truly causal effects. Identifying causal risk factors for antisocial behavior would be informative for intervention efforts and for studies that test whether individuals are differentially susceptible to risk exposures. In this article, we identify the challenges to causal inference posed by observational studies and describe quasi-experimental methods and statistical innovations that may move researchers beyond discussions of risk factors to allow for stronger causal inference. We then review studies that used these methods, and we evaluate whether robust risk factors identified from observational studies are likely to play a causal role in the emergence and development of youth antisocial behavior. There is evidence of causal effects for most of the risk factors we review. However, these effects are typically smaller than those reported in observational studies, suggesting that familial confounding, social selection, and misidentification might also explain some of the association between risk exposures and antisocial behavior. For some risk factors (e.g., smoking during pregnancy, parent alcohol problems), the evidence is weak that they have environmentally mediated effects on youth antisocial behavior. We discuss the implications of these findings for intervention efforts to reduce antisocial behavior and for basic research on the etiology and course of antisocial behavior.}, Doi = {10.1037/a0026020}, Key = {fds275493} } @article{fds275463, Author = {Raymond, RC and Irwin, MC and Candice, O}, Title = {Multi-problem violent youth: A challenge for the restorative justice paradigm}, Pages = {1-22}, Publisher = {Willan}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843924821}, Doi = {10.4324/9781843924821}, Key = {fds275463} } @article{fds275501, Author = {Ouellet-Morin, I and Odgers, CL and Danese, A and Bowes, L and Shakoor, S and Papadopoulos, AS and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L}, Title = {Blunted cortisol responses to stress signal social and behavioral problems among maltreated/bullied 12-year-old children.}, Journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, Volume = {70}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1016-1023}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21839988}, Abstract = {Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that early-life stress such as physical maltreatment has long-lasting effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and is associated with blunted HPA axis reactivity in adulthood. Few studies have investigated whether blunted HPA axis reactivity observed in children exposed to early-life stress signals social, emotional, and behavioral problems.Participants were 190 12-year-old children (50.5% males) recruited from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative 1994 to 1995 cohort of families with twins. Cortisol responses to psychosocial stress were measured in maltreated/bullied (n = 64) and comparison children (n = 126). We ascertained maltreatment and bullying victimization using mothers' reports and assessed children's social, emotional, and behavioral problems at ages 5 and 12 using mothers' and teachers' reports.Piecewise multilevel growth curve analyses indicated that maltreated/bullied and comparison children showed distinct cortisol responses to stress. Specifically, maltreated/bullied children had lower cortisol responses than comparison children who exhibited a significant increase. Lower cortisol responses were, in turn, associated with more social and behavioral problems among maltreated/bullied children.These findings provide support for the influence of childhood harm on blunted HPA axis reactivity and its potential impact on children's functioning. Our findings emphasize the need to integrate stress biomarkers in guiding prevention efforts for young victims.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.017}, Key = {fds275501} } @article{fds275492, Author = {Whalen, CK and Odgers, CL and Reed, PL and Henker, B}, Title = {Dissecting daily distress in mothers of children with ADHD: an electronic diary study.}, Journal = {Journal of Family Psychology : Jfp : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)}, Volume = {25}, Number = {3}, Pages = {402-411}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21517172}, Abstract = {It is well known that parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience elevated levels of caregiver stress, but little is known about the ebb and flow of parental distress as it happens, or the degree of synchrony between short-term oscillations in child behaviors and maternal distress. Electronic diaries (eDiaries) were used to dissect daily distress in natural settings. Across 7 days during nonschool hours, half-hourly eDiaries were completed independently by mothers and their 8- to 12-year-old children (51 receiving medication for ADHD and 58 comparison peers). Diary items tapped behaviors, moods, and contexts, with children reporting their own behaviors and mothers reporting on themselves and their children. Maternal distress and child ADHD-type behaviors exhibited moderate to strong associations "in the moment," whether child behaviors were reported by mothers or children. This mother-child synchrony emerged for the comparison as well as the ADHD group, although the associations were stronger when the dyad included a child with ADHD. Because fixed-effects analyses were conducted, these patterns are not attributable to levels of psychopathology or other stable individual differences in mothers or children. Further moderation analyses revealed that the links between child behaviors and maternal distress were strengthened by maternal risk and attenuated by child behavioral self-esteem; these effects were modest but detectable. These findings can help guide not only interventions targeted on improving quality of life in families of children with ADHD, but also programs designed to help all parents identify and manage their own parenting stressors.}, Doi = {10.1037/a0023473}, Key = {fds275492} } @article{fds208825, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Odgers, CL. and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {Serious conduct problems among girls at risk: Translating research into intervention}, Journal = {International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 1, 142-161}, Year = {2011}, url = {http://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ijcyfs/article/view/5431/2294}, Key = {fds208825} } @article{fds275489, Author = {Nagin, DS and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (Nearly) Two Decades Later.}, Journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology}, Volume = {26}, Number = {4}, Pages = {445-453}, Year = {2010}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0748-4518}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21132047}, Doi = {10.1007/s10940-010-9113-7}, Key = {fds275489} } @article{fds275491, Author = {Odgers, CL and Robins, SJ and Russell, MA}, Title = {Morbidity and mortality risk among the "forgotten few": why are girls in the justice system in such poor health?}, Journal = {Law and Human Behavior}, Volume = {34}, Number = {6}, Pages = {429-444}, Year = {2010}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847634}, Abstract = {The present study assessed the physical health of a population of girls sentenced to custody in a large US State via medical examinations and clinical assessments in adolescence and young adulthood. Findings indicated that injuries, obesity, and sexually transmitted diseases were the norm, with over 50% of the population meeting criteria for each of these health problems. A dose-response relationship was documented between childhood victimization and injuries and injury risk in adolescence and self-harm, HIV risk, physical health symptoms, and hospitalizations in young adulthood. The relationship between childhood victimization and poor adult physical health was fully mediated by health-risk behaviors in adolescence. Clinical and policy implications of the high mortality and morbidity risk among female juvenile offenders are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10979-009-9199-3}, Key = {fds275491} } @article{fds275488, Author = {Mulvey, EP and Schubert, CA and Odgers, CA}, Title = {A method for measuring organizational functioning in juvenile justice facilities using resident ratings}, Journal = {Criminal Justice and Behavior}, Volume = {37}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1255-1277}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2010}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0093-8548}, url = {http://cjb.sagepub.com/content/37/11/1255.full.pdf}, Abstract = {Institutional care is an enduring component of the continuum of care in the juvenile justice system, yet youth perceptions of the placement experience are often overlooked as a source of information about this practice. Little attention is paid to how institutional placements are received by youth as opposed to how they are conceived by the justice system. This article offers an empirically based framework for assessing organizational climate in facilities housing serious young offenders based on youth self-reports. The authors provide evidence that juvenile offenders can provide reliable and internally consistent ratings regarding several dimensions of an institution's environment, using straightforward and relatively easily administered instruments. This work lays the foundation for the development of methods for ongoing monitoring of juvenile justice facilities and the testing of whether aspects of the environments of these facilities affect the subsequent community adjustment of their residents. © 2010 International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology.}, Doi = {10.1177/0093854810380186}, Key = {fds275488} } @article{fds275469, Author = {Nicholls, TL and Odgers, CL and Cooke, DJ}, Title = {Women and Girls with Psychopathic Characteristics}, Volume = {1}, Pages = {347-366}, Publisher = {JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD}, Year = {2010}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470516157.ch21}, Doi = {10.1002/9780470516157.ch21}, Key = {fds275469} } @article{fds275487, Author = {Jennings, WG and Maldonado-Molina, MM and Piquero, AR and Odgers, CL and Bird, H and Canino, G}, Title = {Sex Differences in Trajectories of Offending Among Puerto Rican Youth.}, Journal = {Crime and Delinquency}, Volume = {56}, Number = {3}, Pages = {327-357}, Year = {2010}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0011-1287}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21701603}, Abstract = {Although sex is one of the strongest correlates of crime, contentions remain regarding the necessity of sex-specific theories of crime. The current study examines delinquent trajectories across sex among Puerto Rican youth socialized in two different cultural contexts (Bronx, United States and San Juan, Puerto Rico). Results indicate: similar substantive offending trajectories across males and females within each cultural context; that males exhibit a higher frequency of offending and higher levels of risk factors for delinquency; and there more similarities than differences in how risk/protective factors relate to patterns of offending across male versus female youth. Study limitations and implications for sex-specific criminological theories are also discussed.}, Doi = {10.1177/0011128710372478}, Key = {fds275487} } @article{fds275500, Author = {Polanczyk, G and Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L and Cannon, M and Ambler, A and Keefe, RSE and Houts, R and Odgers, CL and Caspi, A}, Title = {Etiological and clinical features of childhood psychotic symptoms: results from a birth cohort.}, Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, Volume = {67}, Number = {4}, Pages = {328-338}, Year = {2010}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368509}, Abstract = {CONTEXT: It has been reported that childhood psychotic symptoms are common in the general population and may signal neurodevelopmental processes that lead to schizophrenia. However, it is not clear whether these symptoms are associated with the same extensive risk factors established for adult schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To examine the construct validity of children's self-reported psychotic symptoms by testing whether these symptoms share the risk factors and clinical features of adult schizophrenia. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study of a nationally representative birth cohort in Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2232 twelve-year-old children followed up since age 5 years (retention, 96%). Main Outcome Measure Children's self-reported hallucinations and delusions. RESULTS: Children's psychotic symptoms are familial and heritable and are associated with social risk factors (eg, urbanicity); cognitive impairments at age 5; home-rearing risk factors (eg, maternal expressed emotion); behavioral, emotional, and educational problems at age 5; and comorbid conditions, including self-harm. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a comprehensive picture of the construct validity of children's self-reported psychotic symptoms. For researchers, the findings indicate that children who have psychotic symptoms can be recruited for neuroscience research to determine the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. For clinicians, the findings indicate that psychotic symptoms in childhood are often a marker of an impaired developmental process and should be actively assessed.}, Doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.14}, Key = {fds275500} } @article{fds275490, Author = {Nagin, DS and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research.}, Journal = {Annual Review of Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {6}, Pages = {109-138}, Year = {2010}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20192788}, Abstract = {Group-based trajectory models are increasingly being applied in clinical research to map the developmental course of symptoms and assess heterogeneity in response to clinical interventions. In this review, we provide a nontechnical overview of group-based trajectory and growth mixture modeling alongside a sampling of how these models have been applied in clinical research. We discuss the challenges associated with the application of both types of group-based models and propose a set of preliminary guidelines for applied researchers to follow when reporting model results. Future directions in group-based modeling applications are discussed, including the use of trajectory models to facilitate causal inference when random assignment to treatment condition is not possible.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413}, Key = {fds275490} } @article{fds327352, Author = {Lee, Z and Penney, SR and Odgers, CL and Moretti, MM}, Title = {Challenges in the assessment of aggression in high-risk youth: Testing the fit of the form-function aggression measure}, Journal = {International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, Volume = {9}, Number = {3}, Pages = {259-270}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2010}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2010.525731}, Abstract = {Recent efforts have focused on disentangling the forms (e.g., overt and relational) and functions (e.g., instrumental and reactive) of aggression. The Form-Function Aggression Measure (FFAM; Little, Jones, Henrich, & Hawley, 2003) shows promise in this regard; however, it is a new measure and its psychometric properties across different populations are unknown. The current study tested the underlying structure of the FFAM using confirmatory factor analysis in male and female high-risk adolescents (n = 381). Results indicated that none of the models tested demonstrated an acceptable fit in either males or females. However, a 6-factor model comprised of pure-overt, reactive-overt, instrumental-overt, pure-relational, reactive-relational, and instrumental-relational subtypes provided an improved fit relative to other models in both males and females. A multi-form, multi-function model equivalent to the model proposed by Little and colleagues (2003) also evidenced a relatively improved fit, highlighting the utility of disentangling form from function when examining aggression. Implications and challenges for assessing the forms and functions of aggression among high-risk adolescents are discussed. © International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services.}, Doi = {10.1080/14999013.2010.525731}, Key = {fds327352} } @article{fds208830, Author = {Polanczyk, G. and Moffitt, TE. and Arseneault, L. and Cannon, M. and Ambler, A. and Keefe, RSE and Houts, R. and Odgers, C L. and Caspi, A}, Title = {Childhood psychotic symptoms share etiological and clinical features with adult schizophrenia: Results from a representative birth cohort}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 328-338}, Year = {2010}, url = {http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=210701}, Key = {fds208830} } @article{fds208831, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Moretti, MM. and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {A review of findings from the Gender and Aggression Project: Informing juvenile justice policy and practice through gender sensitive research}, Journal = {Court Review, 46, 6-9.}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds208831} } @article{fds208832, Author = {Robins, S. and Odgers, CL. and Russell, MA}, Title = {Incarcerated girls’ physical health: Can the justice system help to reduce long-term health costs}, Journal = {Court Review, 46, 30-35}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds208832} } @article{fds275486, Author = {Odgers, CL and Russell, MA}, Title = {Can adolescent dating violence be prevented through school-based programs?}, Journal = {Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine}, Volume = {163}, Number = {8}, Pages = {767-768}, Year = {2009}, Month = {August}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19652111}, Doi = {10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.129}, Key = {fds275486} } @article{fds275499, Author = {Odgers, CL and Moffitt, TE and Tach, LM and Sampson, A and Taylor, RJ and Matthews, CL and Caspi, A}, Title = {The protective effects of neighborhood collective efficacy on British children growing up in deprivation: a developmental analysis.}, Journal = {Developmental Psychology}, Volume = {45}, Number = {4}, Pages = {942-957}, Year = {2009}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0012-1649}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19586172}, Abstract = {This article reports on the influence of neighborhood-level deprivation and collective efficacy on children's antisocial behavior between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to characterize the developmental course of antisocial behavior among children in the E-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, an epidemiological cohort of 2,232 children. Children in deprived versus affluent neighborhoods had higher levels of antisocial behavior at school entry (24.1 vs. 20.5, p < .001) and a slower rate of decline from involvement in antisocial behavior between the ages of 5 and 10 (-0.54 vs. -0.78, p < .01). Neighborhood collective efficacy was negatively associated with levels of antisocial behavior at school entry (r = -.10, p < .01) but only in deprived neighborhoods; this relationship held after controlling for neighborhood problems and family-level factors. Collective efficacy did not predict the rate of change in antisocial behavior between the ages of 5 and 10. Findings suggest that neighborhood collective efficacy may have a protective effect on children living in deprived contexts.}, Doi = {10.1037/a0016162}, Key = {fds275499} } @article{fds275485, Author = {Odgers, CL and Mulvey, EP and Skeem, JL and Gardner, W and Lidz, CW and Schubert, C}, Title = {Capturing the ebb and flow of psychiatric symptoms with dynamical systems models.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {166}, Number = {5}, Pages = {575-582}, Year = {2009}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369320}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric symptoms play a crucial role in psychology and psychiatry. However, little is known about how dimensions of symptoms--other than symptom level--relate to psychiatric outcomes. Until recently, methods for measuring dynamic aspects of symptoms have not been available to clinicians or researchers. The authors sought to test whether systematic patterns of change in psychiatric symptoms can be recovered across weekly assessments of individuals at high risk for violence. A secondary objective was to explore whether dynamic features of symptoms (specifically, oscillation speed and dysregulation) are concurrently associated with violence, an important indicator of functional impairment for these individuals. METHOD: Participants (N=132) were drawn from a sample of patients evaluated at the emergency room of an urban psychiatric hospital. Patients actuarially classified as being at high risk for violence were eligible for participation in the study. Participants and collateral informants were interviewed weekly for 26 weeks following an acute psychiatric evaluation. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Measures of symptom fluctuation and regulation were derived using dynamical systems models. Involvement in violence was assessed using self, informant, and official reports. RESULTS: Individuals' symptom dynamics were recovered by a linear oscillator model that described how quickly symptoms oscillated and whether symptoms were amplifying or moving back toward equilibrium across time. Patterns of rapid symptom fluctuation and symptom amplification were concurrently associated with violence. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric researchers and clinicians have long been interested in adopting more dynamic approaches to understanding symptom change. This study is the first to demonstrate that systematic fluctuations in symptom patterns may be captured by dynamic models. Moreover, the concurrent association between symptom dynamics and violence suggests avenues for future research to test how features of symptom fluctuation could affect behavior.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08091398}, Key = {fds275485} } @article{fds275498, Author = {Odgers, CL and Caspi, A and Nagin, DS and Piquero, AR and Slutske, WS and Milne, BJ and Dickson, N and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Is it important to prevent early exposure to drugs and alcohol among adolescents?}, Journal = {Psychological Science}, Volume = {19}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1037-1044}, Year = {2008}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19000215}, Abstract = {Exposure to alcohol and illicit drugs during early adolescence has been associated with poor outcomes in adulthood. However, many adolescents with exposure to these substances also have a history of conduct problems, which raises the question of whether early exposure to alcohol and drugs leads to poor outcomes only for those adolescents who are already at risk. In a 30-year prospective study, we tested whether there was evidence that early substance exposure can be a causal factor for adolescents' future lives. After propensity-score matching, early-exposed adolescents remained at an increased risk for a number of poor outcomes. Approximately 50% of adolescents exposed to alcohol and illicit drugs prior to age 15 had no conduct-problem history, yet were still at an increased risk for adult substance dependence, herpes infection, early pregnancy, and crime. Efforts to reduce or delay early substance exposure may prevent a wide range of adult health problems and should not be restricted to adolescents who are already at risk.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02196.x}, Key = {fds275498} } @article{fds275483, Author = {Maikovich, AK and Jaffee, SR and Odgers, CL and Gallop, R}, Title = {Effects of family violence on psychopathology symptoms in children previously exposed to maltreatment.}, Journal = {Child Development}, Volume = {79}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1498-1512}, Year = {2008}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18826538}, Abstract = {Although many studies suggest that family violence is associated with child psychopathology, multiple features of the home environment might account for this association, such as poverty and caregiver psychopathology. Studies are needed examining how change in psychopathology symptoms is affected by home violence, controlling for children's own developmental symptom histories and other predictors of psychopathology. This study used latent difference score structural equation modeling to test if witnessing home violence and/or experiencing harsh physical discipline predicted changes in psychopathology symptoms among 2,925 youth aged 5-16 years previously exposed to violence. Results demonstrated that harsh physical discipline predicted child-specific changes in externalizing symptoms, whereas witnessing violence predicted child-specific changes in internalizing symptoms across time. Implications for research and policy are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01201.x}, Key = {fds275483} } @article{fds275484, Author = {Vincent, GM and Odgers, CL and McCormick, AV and Corrado, RR}, Title = {The PCL: YV and recidivism in male and female juveniles: a follow-up into young adulthood.}, Journal = {International Journal of Law and Psychiatry}, Volume = {31}, Number = {3}, Pages = {287-296}, Year = {2008}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0160-2527}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18534679}, Abstract = {Adolescents, and most recently, adolescent females, have emerged as an important population in violence risk assessment and have sparked a debate regarding the downward and gendered extension of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). This article evaluates the differential prediction of the three and four-factor models of the PCL:YV for male (n=201) and female (n=55) juvenile offenders using a prospective four and one-half year follow-up (M=3 years) study. Both models of the PCL:YV were significant predictors for boys; however, contrary to findings from studies using shorter follow-up periods, the predictive power was due primarily to the behavioral features of psychopathy. The PCL:YV was not a significant predictor of non-violent or violent recidivism for girls. This study does not lend support for the use of the PCL:YV as a risk factor for girl offenders. More research is needed to understand the application of the psychopathy construct in youth, particularly in girls.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.04.012}, Key = {fds275484} } @article{fds275494, Author = {Moffitt, TE and Arseneault, L and Jaffee, SR and Kim-Cohen, J and Koenen, KC and Odgers, CL and Slutske, WS and Viding, E}, Title = {Research review: DSM-V conduct disorder: research needs for an evidence base.}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {3-33}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0021-9630}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18181878}, Abstract = {This article charts a strategic research course toward an empirical foundation for the diagnosis of conduct disorder in the forthcoming DSM-V. Since the DSM-IV appeared in 1994, an impressive amount of new information about conduct disorder has emerged. As a result of this new knowledge, reasonable rationales have been put forward for adding to the conduct disorder diagnostic protocol: a childhood-limited subtype, family psychiatric history, callous-unemotional traits, female-specific criteria, preschool-specific criteria, early substance use, and biomarkers from genetics, neuroimaging, and physiology research. This article reviews the evidence for these and other potential changes to the conduct disorder diagnosis. We report that although there is a great deal of exciting research into each of the topics, very little of it provides the precise sort of evidence base required to justify any alteration to the DSM-V. We outline specific research questions and study designs needed to build the lacking evidence base for or against proposed changes to DSM-V conduct disorder.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01823.x}, Key = {fds275494} } @article{fds275497, Author = {Odgers, CL and Moffitt, TE and Broadbent, JM and Dickson, N and Hancox, RJ and Harrington, H and Poulton, R and Sears, MR and Thomson, WM and Caspi, A}, Title = {Female and male antisocial trajectories: from childhood origins to adult outcomes.}, Journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, Volume = {20}, Number = {2}, Pages = {673-716}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18423100}, Abstract = {This article reports on the childhood origins and adult outcomes of female versus male antisocial behavior trajectories in the Dunedin longitudinal study. Four antisocial behavior trajectory groups were identified among females and males using general growth mixture modeling and included life-course persistent (LCP), adolescent-onset, childhood-limited, and low trajectory groups. During childhood, both LCP females and males were characterized by social, familial and neurodevelopmental risk factors, whereas those on the adolescent-onset pathway were not. At age 32, women and men on the LCP pathway were engaging in serious violence and experiencing significant mental health, physical health, and economic problems. Females and males on the adolescent-onset pathway were also experiencing difficulties at age 32, although to a lesser extent. Although more males than females followed the LCP trajectory, findings support similarities across gender with respect to developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior and their associated childhood origins and adult consequences. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0954579408000333}, Key = {fds275497} } @article{fds208841, Author = {Moffitt, TE. and Arseneault, L. and Jaffee, SR., Kim-Cohen and J., Koenen and KC., Odgers and CL., Slutske and W. and Viding, E}, Title = {DSM-V Conduct Disorder: Research needs for an evidence base}, Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 49, 3-33.}, Year = {2008}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01823.x/pdf}, Key = {fds208841} } @article{fds275482, Author = {Viljoen, JL and Odgers, C and Grisso, T and Tillbrook, C}, Title = {Teaching adolescents and adults about adjudicative proceedings: a comparison of pre- and post-teaching scores on the MacCAT-CA.}, Journal = {Law and Human Behavior}, Volume = {31}, Number = {5}, Pages = {419-432}, Year = {2007}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0147-7307}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-006-9069-1}, Abstract = {The current study investigated whether teaching was associated with improved legal understanding among adolescents and adults. Participants included 927 youth and 466 young adults, who completed the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication, the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version, and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Adolescents aged 13 and younger were less likely than older individuals to improve with teaching. IQ score was positively associated with improvements following teaching, and individuals from ethnic minority groups showed greater improvements following teaching than non-Hispanic Caucasians. The implications of these findings are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10979-006-9069-1}, Key = {fds275482} } @article{fds275496, Author = {Odgers, CL and Milne, BJ and Caspi, A and Crump, R and Poulton, R and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Predicting prognosis for the conduct-problem boy: can family history help?}, Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, Volume = {46}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1240-1249}, Year = {2007}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0890-8567}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885565}, Abstract = {Many children with conduct disorder develop life-course persistent antisocial behavior; however, other children exhibit childhood-limited or adolescence-limited conduct disorder symptoms and escape poor adult outcomes. Prospective prediction of long-term prognosis in pediatric and adolescent clinical settings is difficult. Improved prognosis prediction would support wise allocation of limited treatment resources. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether family history of psychiatric disorder can statically predict long-term prognosis among conduct-problem children.Participants were male members of the Dunedin Study, a birth cohort of 1,037 children (52% male). Conduct-problem subtypes were defined using prospective assessments between ages 7 and 26 years. Family history interviews assessed mental disorders for three generations: the participants' grandparents, parents, and siblings.Family history of externalizing disorders distinguished life-course persistent antisocial males from other conduct-problem children and added significant incremental validity beyond family and child risk factors. A simple three-item family history screen of maternal-reported alcohol abuse was associated with life-course persistent prognosis in our research setting and should be evaluated in clinical practice.: Family history of externalizing disorders distinguished between life-course persistent versus childhood-limited and adolescent-onset conduct problems. Brief family history questions may assist clinicians in pediatric settings to refine the diagnosis of conduct disorder and identify children who most need treatment.}, Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e31813c6c8d}, Key = {fds275496} } @article{fds275481, Author = {Odgers, CL and Moretti, MM and Burnette, ML and Chauhan, P and Waite, D and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {A latent variable modeling approach to identifying subtypes of serious and violent female juvenile offenders.}, Journal = {Aggressive Behavior}, Volume = {33}, Number = {4}, Pages = {339-352}, Year = {2007}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17593559}, Abstract = {Females have recently become an important population in research related to serious and violent juvenile offending. Although a small body of research exists on girls in the deep end of the system, very few studies have examined the degree of heterogeneity within high-risk female samples. This study applied latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of female juvenile offenders based on their self-report of offending profiles (N=133). Results supported a three-class solution with subgroups characterized by patterns of 'violent and delinquent', 'delinquency only', and 'low' offending patterns. The LCA solution was replicated in an independent sample of high-risk females. The 'violent and delinquent' class was characterized by significantly higher rates of DSM-IV diagnoses for internalizing disorders, affect dysregulation, exposure to violence (within the home, school and neighborhood), and familial histories of criminality. Implications for future research, policy and clinical practice are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1002/ab.20190}, Key = {fds275481} } @article{fds275495, Author = {Odgers, CL and Caspi, A and Broadbent, JM and Dickson, N and Hancox, RJ and Harrington, H and Poulton, R and Sears, MR and Thomson, WM and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Prediction of differential adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males.}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, Volume = {64}, Number = {4}, Pages = {476-484}, Year = {2007}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17404124}, Abstract = {A cardinal feature of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder is the distinction between childhood- vs adolescent-onset subtypes. Whether such developmental subtypes exist in the population and have different prognoses should be rigorously tested to inform the DSM-V.To evaluate the epidemiological validity of childhood- vs adolescent-onset conduct problems in a prospective birth cohort, and to assess whether life-course-persistent conduct problems are associated with a greater adult health burden.Our sample includes 526 male study members in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a 1-year birth cohort (April 1, 1972, through March 30, 1973). Developmental trajectories were defined using prospective ratings of conduct problems at 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, and 26 years of age.Health burden was assessed as mental and physical health problems at 32 years of age measured via diagnostic interviews and physical examinations.We identified the following 4 developmental subtypes of conduct problems through general growth mixture modeling: (1) childhood-onset/life-course-persistent, (2) adolescent onset, (3) childhood limited, and (4) low. At 32 years of age, study members with the life-course-persistent subtype experienced the worst health burden. To a lesser extent, those with the adolescent-onset subtype also experienced health problems. A childhood-limited subtype not specified by DSM-IV was revealed; its adult health outcomes were within the range of the cohort norm.Results support the epidemiological validity of the DSM-IV conduct disorder distinction based on age of onset but highlight the need to also consider long-term persistence to refine diagnosis. Preventing and treating conduct problems has the potential to reduce the adult health burden.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.4.476}, Key = {fds275495} } @article{fds208844, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Caspi, A. and Poulton, R. and Harrington, H. and Thompson, M. and Broadbent, JM. and Dickson, N. and Sears, MR. and Hancox, B. and Moffitt, TE}, Title = {Prediction of adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry. 64, 476-484}, Year = {2007}, url = {http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=210006}, Key = {fds208844} } @article{fds208845, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Moretti, MM. and Burnette, ML. and Chauhan, P. and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {A latent variable modeling approach to identifying serious and violent female juvenile offenders}, Journal = {Aggressive Behavior, 33, 339-352.}, Year = {2007}, url = {http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/gap/documents/Odgers}, Key = {fds208845} } @article{fds208846, Author = {Viljoen, J. and Odgers, CL. and Grisso, T. and Tillbrook, C}, Title = {Adolescents’ and adults’ capacity to understand legal proceedings: A comparison of pre- and post-teaching scores on the MacCAT-CA}, Journal = {Law and Human Behavior, 5, 419-432}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds208846} } @article{fds275480, Author = {Skeem, JL and Schubert, C and Odgers, C and Mulvey, EP and Gardner, W and Lidz, C}, Title = {Psychiatric symptoms and community violence among high-risk patients: A test of the relationship at the weekly level.}, Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {74}, Number = {5}, Pages = {967-979}, Year = {2006}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.5.967}, Abstract = {Given the availability of violence risk assessment tools, clinicians are now better able to identify high-risk patients. Once these patients have been identified, clinicians must monitor risk state and intervene when necessary to prevent harm. Clinical practice is dominated by the assumption that increases in psychiatric symptoms elevate risk of imminent violence. This intensive study of patients (N = 132) at high risk for community violence is the first to evaluate prospectively the temporal relation between symptoms and violence. Symptoms were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory and threat/control override (TCO) scales. Results indicate that a high-risk patient with increased anger in 1 week is significantly more likely to be involved in serious violence in the following week. This was not true of other symptom constellations (anxiety, depression, TCO) or general psychological distress. The authors found no evidence that increases in the latter symptoms during 1 week provide an independent foundation for expecting violence during the following week.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.74.5.967}, Key = {fds275480} } @article{fds275478, Author = {Mulvey, EP and Odgers, C and Skeem, J and Gardner, W and Schubert, C and Lidz, C}, Title = {Substance use and community violence: a test of the relation at the daily level.}, Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {74}, Number = {4}, Pages = {743-754}, Year = {2006}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://sites.duke.edu/adaptlab/files/2012/09/Mulvey-et-al-2006-Substance-use-and-Violence-JCCP.pdf}, Abstract = {Prior research has consistently demonstrated an association between substance use and involvement in violence among individuals with mental illness. Yet little is known about the temporal quality of this relationship, largely because longitudinal data required to address this issue are not readily available. This study examined the relationship between substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use) and violence at the daily level within a sample of mentally ill individuals at high risk for frequent involvement in violence (N = 132). Results support the serial nature of substance use and violence, with an increased likelihood of violence on days following the use of alcohol or multiple drugs, but not the inverse relationship. Implications for the utility of substance use as a risk marker for the assessment of future violence are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.743}, Key = {fds275478} } @article{fds275475, Author = {Moretti, MM and Odgers, C}, Title = {Preface: Sex differences in the functions and precursors of adolescent aggression}, Journal = {Aggressive Behavior}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {373-375}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2006}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0096-140X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20135}, Doi = {10.1002/ab.20135}, Key = {fds275475} } @article{fds275479, Author = {Moretti, MM and Obsuth, I and Odgers, CL and Reebye, P}, Title = {Exposure to maternal vs. paternal partner violence, PTSD, and aggression in adolescent girls and boys}, Journal = {Aggressive Behavior}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {385-395}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2006}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0096-140X}, url = {http://www.sfu.ca/psyc/faculty/archives/moretti/lab/article_pdfs/Moretti_Obsuth_Odgers_Reebye_2006.pdf}, Abstract = {Adolescents who witness interparental violence (IPV) are at increased risk for perpetrating aggressive acts. They are also at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we examined the relation between exposure to maternal vs. paternal physical IPV and adolescent girls' and boys' aggressive behavior toward mothers, fathers, friends, and romantic partners. We also assessed the influence of PTSD (as assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-IV (DICA-IV)) on the relation between exposure to IPV and aggressive behavior. Participants were 63 girls and 49 boys, ages 13-18, consecutively admitted to a youth correctional facility or assessment facility designated to serve aggressive and delinquent youth. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate unique relations between exposure to maternal vs. paternal IPV and youth aggression in relationships. Girls who observed their mothers' aggressive behavior toward partners were significantly more aggressive toward friends. Similarly, boys who witnessed their fathers' aggression were significantly more aggressive toward friends. Adolescent girls and boys who observed aggression by mothers toward partners reported significantly higher levels of aggression toward their romantic partners. Approximately one third of our sample met PTSD criteria; the relation between exposure to parental IPV and aggression was stronger for individuals who met criteria for PTSD. The implications of understanding the relations between parents' and their daughters' and sons' use of aggression are discussed within the context of providing support for families in breaking intergenerational patterns of violence and aggression. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.}, Doi = {10.1002/ab.20137}, Key = {fds275479} } @article{fds208847, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Sex differences in the functions and precursors of adolescent aggression}, Journal = {Aggressive Behavior, 32, 373-375}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds208847} } @article{fds208848, Author = {Skeem, JL. and Schubert, C. and Odgers, CL. and Mulvey, EP. and Gardner, W. and Lidz, C}, Title = {Psychiatric symptoms and community violence among high risk psychiatric patients: A test of the relationship at the weekly level}, Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 967-979.}, Year = {2006}, url = {http://riskreduction.soceco.uci.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/2006.Psychiatric_symptoms_and_community_violence_among_high-risk_patients_A_test_of_the_relationship_at_the_weekly_level.1.pdf}, Key = {fds208848} } @article{fds275477, Author = {Piquero, AR and Fagan, J and Mulvey, EP and Steinberg, L and Odgers, C}, Title = {Developmental trajectories of legal socialization among serious adolescent offenders}, Journal = {Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology}, Volume = {96}, Number = {1}, Pages = {267-298}, Year = {2005}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0091-4169}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776646/}, Key = {fds275477} } @article{fds275476, Author = {Skeem, JL and Mulvey, EP and Odgers, C and Schubert, C and Stowman, S and Gardner, W and Lidz, C}, Title = {What do clinicians expect? Comparing envisioned and reported violence for male and female patients.}, Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {73}, Number = {4}, Pages = {599-609}, Year = {2005}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://riskreduction.soceco.uci.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/2005.What_Do_Clinicians_Expect_-_Comparing_Envisioned_and_Reported_Violence_for_Male_and_Female_Patients1.pdf}, Abstract = {Mental health professionals' (MHPs') accuracy in assessing the risk of violence in female patients is particularly limited. Based on assessments made by 205 MHPs of 605 patients in an emergency room, this study explored potential causes of MHPs' poorer accuracy in assessing women's potential for violence. The dimensions that underlie MHPs' envisioned violence in patients were identified and were compared with those that characterized patients' reported violence during a 6-month follow-up period. There were three key findings from their study. First, violence envisioned by MHPs differed depending on their professional role and varied in its congruence with patients' reported violence. Second, patients' violence was organized by dimensions of domesticity and substance relatedness; women's violent incidents were more domestic than were men's. Third, when MHPs envisioned violence that was highly conditional on psychiatric deterioration and medication noncompliance, violence often did not occur.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.73.4.599}, Key = {fds275476} } @article{fds275470, Author = {Odgers, CL and Burnette, ML and Chauhan, P and Moretti, MM and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {Misdiagnosing the problem: mental health profiles of incarcerated juveniles.}, Journal = {The Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review = La Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie De L'Enfant Et De L'Adolescent}, Volume = {14}, Number = {1}, Pages = {26-29}, Year = {2005}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {1716-9119}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19030498}, Abstract = {Aggression, antisocial and delinquent behavior frequently result in the incarceration of a large number of young people, but these problems pale in comparison to the mental health challenges faced by many of these youth. Recent studies show a high prevalence of mental disorders among adolescents within the justice system. These findings have led researchers, clinicians and policy-makers to re-evaluate the assessment and treatment options that are available for youth within correctional facilities. This article provides a concise review of the most recent research related to mental health disorders among incarcerated juveniles within Canada and the United States. Rates of some of the most common mental health disorders among juveniles, including depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity and substance use are summarized. Throughout the review, issues related to co-morbidity and gender differences are highlighted. The implications of mental health disorders for juvenile justice policy and practice are discussed.}, Key = {fds275470} } @article{fds275473, Author = {Odgers, CL and Moretti, MM and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {Examining the science and practice of violence risk assessment with female adolescents.}, Journal = {Law and Human Behavior}, Volume = {29}, Number = {1}, Pages = {7-27}, Year = {2005}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0147-7307}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15865330}, Abstract = {While the field of violence risk assessment among adult males has progressed rapidly, several questions remain with respect to the application of forensic risk assessment tools within other populations. In this article, we consider the empirical evidence for the assessment, prediction, and management of violence in adolescent girls. We discuss limitations of generalizing violence risk assessment findings from other populations to adolescent girls and point out areas where there is little or no empirical foundation. Critical issues that must be addressed in research prior to the adoption or rejection of such instruments are delineated. Finally, we provide practice guidelines for clinicians currently involved with adolescent females within risk assessment contexts.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10979-005-1397-z}, Key = {fds275473} } @article{fds275474, Author = {Odgers, CL and Reppucci, ND and Moretti, MM}, Title = {Nipping psychopathy in the bud: an examination of the convergent, predictive, and theoretical utility of the PCL-YV among adolescent girls.}, Journal = {Behavioral Sciences & the Law}, Volume = {23}, Number = {6}, Pages = {743-763}, Year = {2005}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0735-3936}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16333812}, Abstract = {Over the last decade rates of violence among adolescent girls have increased. Within high-risk contexts, urgent calls for assessment options have resulted in the extension of adult and male-based instruments to adolescent females in spite of the absence of strong empirical support. The current study evaluates the downward extension of psychopathy within a population of female juvenile offenders (N=125). The convergent and predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version (PCL-YV) were evaluated within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Results indicated that while a specific component of psychopathy, deficient affective experience, was related to aggression, the effect was negated once victimization experiences were entered into the models. In addition, PCL-YV scores were not predictive of future offending, while victimization experiences significantly increased the odds of re-offending. Implications for research, policy, and clinical practice are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1002/bsl.664}, Key = {fds275474} } @article{fds327353, Author = {Woolard, JL and Odgers, C and Lanza-Kaduce, L and Daglis, H}, Title = {Juveniles within adult correctional settings: Legal pathways and developmental considerations}, Journal = {International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Pages = {18}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2005}, Month = {January}, url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.173.3620&rep=rep1&type=pdf}, Abstract = {An increasing number of juvenile offenders are being processed through adult correctional systems in the United States. Changing conceptions of juvenile offenders and expansions to the criteria for juvenile transfer laws have created a number of new challenges for correctional systems, policy makers and researchers. In this article, we detail the legal mechanisms that bring adolescents into the adult system. Basic profiles of juveniles in adult settings are constructed and the unique challenges posed by this population of offenders are discussed. Issues related to the safety and management of juveniles within the adult system are evaluated within a developmental framework. Finally, we examine research and policy implications that emerge when a significant number of juveniles are required to spend their formative years of adolescence in an environment designed for adults. © 2005 International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services.}, Doi = {10.1080/14999013.2005.10471209}, Key = {fds327353} } @article{fds208852, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Reppucci, ND. and Moretti, MM}, Title = {Nipping psychopathy in the bud: An examination of the convergent, predictive and theoretical utility of the PCL-YV with female adolescents}, Journal = {Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 23, 743-763.}, Year = {2005}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bsl.664/pdf}, Key = {fds208852} } @article{fds208853, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Burnette, ML. and Chauhan, P. and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {Misdiagnosing the problem: Mental health profiles of juvenile offenders}, Journal = {Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 14, 26-29.}, Year = {2005}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2538725/}, Key = {fds208853} } @article{fds208856, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Catchpole, R. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {The dark side of girlhood: Recent trends, risk factors and trajectories to aggression and violence}, Journal = {Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 14, 21-25.}, Year = {2005}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2538724/}, Key = {fds208856} } @article{fds275471, Author = {Corrado, RR and Cohen, IM and Glackman, W and Odgers, C}, Title = {Serious and violent young offenders' decisions to recidivate: An assessment of five sentencing models}, Journal = {Crime and Delinquency}, Volume = {49}, Number = {2}, Pages = {179-200}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2003}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251043}, Abstract = {Five models of sentencing were assessed with respect to their impact on the decisions of young offenders 10 recidivate. The five sentencing models tested were fairness, deterrence, chronic offender lifestyle, special needs, and procedural rights. A sample of 400 incarcerated young offenders from the Vancouver, British Columbia, metropolitan area were asked questions regarding their attitudes toward these sentencing models and their intentions to recidivate after serving a period of incarceration. Principal components analyses suggested that although these models do not function independently, two composite models do shed some light on the issues that young offenders consider when contemplating their decisions and intentions to recidivate. Despite the ability of these models to predict half of the explained variance in young offenders 'decisions regarding recidivism, a majority of the sample appeared to not be affected exclusively by cost-benefit analysis, punishment, or reintegrative motivations. The authors conclude that without additional variables and even higher predictive validity, it is premature for policy makers to focus on any single model of sentencing in constructing juvenile justice laws.}, Doi = {10.1177/0011128702251043}, Key = {fds275471} } @article{fds208858, Author = {Corrado, RR and Cohen, I. and Glackman, B. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Serious and violent young offenders’ decisions to recidivate}, Journal = {Crime and Delinquency, 49, 5-17.}, Year = {2003}, url = {http://cad.sagepub.com/content/49/2/179.full.pdf}, Key = {fds208858} } @article{fds327354, Author = {Odgers, CL and Moretti, MM}, Title = {Aggressive and antisocial girls: Research update and challenges}, Journal = {International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, Volume = {1}, Number = {2}, Pages = {103-119}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2002}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2002.10471166}, Abstract = {There is a growing recognition that a significant number of young women engage in highly aggressive and antisocial behaviors. This acknowledgement has created demands on both policy and program development. The response to these demands, however, has been delayed due to the fact that we still know relatively little about aggressive and antisocial behavior in girls. In this article, we briefly review trends in the rates of aggressive and antisocial acts among female youth, address the issue of gender specific forms of aggression, and discuss research on the role of risk and protective factors. We emphasize the importance of understanding female aggression and antisocial behavior through a dynamic developmental framework that recognizes the cumulative and transactional impact of risk and protective factors over time. Our review focuses on adolescent girls in keeping with research that suggests that the risk for aggressive and antisocial behavior in girls is most acute during this developmental period. © 2002 International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services.}, Doi = {10.1080/14999013.2002.10471166}, Key = {fds327354} } @article{fds208859, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Moretti, MM}, Title = {Aggressive and antisocial girls: Research update and future challenges}, Journal = {International Journal of Forensic and Mental Health, 2, 17-33.}, Year = {2002}, url = {http://69.89.27.208/~adaptlab/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Odgers-Moretti-2002-aggressive-and-antisocial-girls.pdf}, Key = {fds208859} } @article{fds275472, Author = {Corrado, RR and Odgers, C and Cohen, IM}, Title = {The incarceration of female young offenders: Protection for whom?}, Journal = {Canadian Journal of Criminology}, Volume = {42}, Number = {2}, Pages = {189-207}, Year = {2000}, Month = {April}, Abstract = {Female young offenders have recently come to the forefront of both media and policy attention. This article explores (1) the offending patterns, (2) social histories, and (3) the criminal justice system's response to a group of the allegedly most serious young female offenders in British Columbia, Canada. As this article will demonstrate, despite isolated incidents of violence, the majority of offending by female youth in custody is relatively minor. Results indicate that most of the offences that young women are serving time for are administrative. Moreover, it appears as though the primary rationale for sentencing these females to custody is protective in nature. That is, based on the testimony of both the young women and key criminal justice decision makers, the primary concern in "breaching" female offenders is most often directly tied to the safety of the young women. It is the authors' contention that it is not only the paucity of non-custodial treatment alternatives that results in administrative-based incarceration, but also the resistance that many young women have towards any attempt to prevent them from returning to their street lives. In effect, the pull of addiction, pimps/boyfriends, and peers is often so intense that many of the multi-problem young women refuse to remain in non-custodial treatment sites and programs.}, Key = {fds275472} } @article{fds208860, Author = {Corrado, RR. and Odgers, CL. and Cohen, IM}, Title = {The use of incarceration for female youth: Protection for whom?}, Journal = {Canadian Journal of Criminology, 42, 189-206. [Reprinted] in T. Fleming, P. O’Reilly, and B. Clark (Eds.), Youth Injustice, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press,}, Year = {2000}, url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cjccj42&div=18&g_sent=1&collection=journals#193}, Key = {fds208860} } %% Books @book{fds208861, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Odgers, CL. and Jackson, MA}, Title = {Girls and Aggression: Contributing Factors and Intervention Principles}, Booktitle = {Series: Perspectives in Law and Psychology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds208861} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds333760, Author = {Newbury, J and Arseneault, L and Caspi, A and Moffitt, TE and Odgers, CL and Fisher, HL}, Title = {Neighbourhood Adversity, Crime Victimisation and Adolescent Psychotic Experiences: Findings from a Longitudinal Cohort Study}, Journal = {Early Intervention in Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Pages = {65-65}, Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, Year = {2016}, Month = {October}, Key = {fds333760} } @misc{fds220597, Author = {Russell, MA. and Odgers, CL.}, Title = {Antisocial behavior among children in poverty: Understanding the daily process of environmental risk and resilience}, Booktitle = {Violent Offenders: Understanding and Assessment}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Address = {Oxford}, Editor = {C. Peitz and C. Mattson}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds220597} } @misc{fds212071, Author = {Jaffee, S. and Odgers, CL.}, Title = {Conduct disorder across the lifecourse}, Pages = {165-173}, Booktitle = {Life Course Epidemiology of Mental Disorders}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Address = {Oxford}, Editor = {K. Koenen and S. Rudenstine and S. Galea and E. Susser}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds212071} } @misc{fds212072, Author = {Russell, MA. and Robins, S. and Odgers, CL. (in press)}, Title = {Developmental perspectives: Sex differences in antisocial behavior from childhood to adulthood}, Booktitle = {Oxford Handbook on Gender, Sex and Crime}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {B. McCarthy and R. Gartner}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds212072} } @misc{fds208862, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Russell, MA}, Title = {What can genetically informative research designs tell us about the causes of crime?}, Booktitle = {In J. MacDonald (Ed), Measuring Crime and Criminality (pp. 141-160), New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds208862} } @misc{fds208863, Author = {Nagin, DS. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Group-based trajectory modeling in developmental science}, Booktitle = {In B. Laursen, T. Little & N. Card (Eds.), Handbook of Developmental Research Methods (pp. 444-480). New York: Guilford Press}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds208863} } @misc{fds208864, Author = {C.L. Odgers}, Title = {The physical health consequences of antisocial behavior among girls and women}, Booktitle = {In D. Pepler & W. Craig. Understanding Aggressive Behaviors. New York: Edwin Mellen Press}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds208864} } @misc{fds208865, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Russell, MA}, Title = {Commentary: Can adolescent dating violence be prevented through school-based programs?}, Journal = {Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 163, 767-768}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds208865} } @misc{fds208866, Author = {C.L. Odgers}, Title = {The life-course persistent pathway of antisocial behavior: Risks for violence and poor physical health}, Booktitle = {In S. Hodgins, E. Viding, & A. Plodowski (Eds.). Persistent Violent Offenders: Neuroscience and Rehabilitation. London: Oxford University Press}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds208866} } @misc{fds208867, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Osbuth, I. Odgers and CL. and Penney, S}, Title = {Female perpetrators of violence}, Booktitle = {C.M. Renzetti and J. L. Edleson (Eds.). Encyclopedia of interpersonal violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds208867} } @misc{fds208868, Author = {Nicholls, TL. and Odgers, CL. and Cooke, DJ}, Title = {Women and girls with psychopathic characteristics (2007)}, Booktitle = {In A.R. Felthous and H. Sass (Eds), International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law (pp.347-366). New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds208868} } @misc{fds208869, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Penney, S. and Osbuth, I. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Family lessons in attachment and aggression: The impact of interparental violence on adolescent adjustment}, Booktitle = {In J. Hamel & T. Nicholls (Eds), Family Interventions in Domestic Violence: A Handbook of Gender-Inclusive Theory and Treatment (pp. 191-241). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds208869} } @misc{fds208870, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Schmidt, M. and Reppucci, ND}, Title = {Reframing risk assessment for adolescent females}, Booktitle = {In, M. M. Moretti, C. L. Odgers, & M. A. Jackson (Eds.), Girls and Violence: Contributing Factors and Intervention Principles (pp. 195-210). Series: Perspectives in Law and Psychology. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds208870} } @misc{fds208871, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Odgers, CL. and Jackson, MA}, Title = {Girls and aggression: A point of departure}, Booktitle = {In, M. M. Moretti, C. L. Odgers, & M. A. Jackson (Eds.), Girls and Violence: Contributing Factors and Intervention Principles (pp. 1-5). Series: Perspectives in Law and Psychology. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds208871} } @misc{fds208872, Author = {Odgers, CL. and Vincent, GM. and Corrado, RR}, Title = {A preliminary conceptual framework for the prevention and management of multi-problem youth}, Booktitle = {In, R. Corrado, R. Roesch & S. Hart (Eds.), Multi-Problem Violent Youth: A Foundation for Comparative Research on Needs, Interventions and Outcomes (pp. 116-129). Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds208872} } @misc{fds208873, Author = {Moretti, MM. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Aggressive and violent girls: Prevalence, profiles and contributing factors}, Booktitle = {In, R. Corrado, R. Roesch & S. Hart (Eds.), Multi-Problem Violent Youth: A Foundation for Comparative Research on Needs, Interventions and Outcomes (pp. 302-329). Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds208873} } @misc{fds208874, Author = {Corrado, RR. and Cohen, IM. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {The challenges posed by serious and violent young offenders to the restorative justice paradigm}, Booktitle = {In E.G. M. Weitekamp & H. Kerner. (Eds.) Restorative Justice in Context (pp. 1-22). Portland, OR: Willan Publishing}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds208874} } @misc{fds208875, Author = {Corrado, RR. and Odgers, CL. and Cohen, IM}, Title = {Girls in jail: Punishment or protection?}, Booktitle = {In R. Roesch, R. Corrado, & R. J. Dempster. (Eds.), Psychology in the Courts: International Advances in Knowledge (pp. 41-52). London, UK: Routledge}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds208875} } @misc{fds208876, Author = {Corrado, RR. and Cohen, IM. and Odgers, CL}, Title = {Teen violence in Canada}, Booktitle = {In A. M. Hoffman & R. W. Summers. (Eds.), Teen Violence: A Global View (pp. 15-32). Westport, CN: Greenwood Press}, Year = {2000}, Key = {fds208876} } %% Book Reviews @article{fds208877, Author = {C.L. Odgers}, Title = {Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior (Author: Anderson)}, Journal = {Journal of Forensic Sciences}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds208877} } @article{fds208878, Author = {C.L. Odgers}, Title = {Youth Offending in Transition: The Search for Social Recognition (Author: Barry)}, Journal = {Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds208878} } %% Reports @misc{fds212070, Author = {Boivin, Michel and Hertzman, Clyde. (Eds.)Royal Society of Canada - Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Expert Panel (with Ronald Barr and Thomas Boyce and Alison Fleming and Harriet MacMillan, Candice Odgers and Marla Sokolowski and Nico Trocmé). Ottawa and ON: Royal Society of Canada}, Title = {Early Childhood Development: adverse experiences and developmental health.}, Year = {2012}, url = {https://rsc-src.ca/sites/default/files/pdf/ECD}, Key = {fds212070} } | |
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