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| Publications of Roberto Cabeza :chronological alphabetical combined listing:%% Journal Articles @article{fds375232, Author = {Huang, S and Howard, CM and Hovhannisyan, M and Ritchey, M and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW}, Title = {Hippocampal Functions Modulate Transfer-Appropriate Cortical Representations Supporting Subsequent Memory.}, Journal = {J Neurosci}, Volume = {44}, Number = {1}, Year = {2024}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1135-23.2023}, Abstract = {The hippocampus plays a central role as a coordinate system or index of information stored in neocortical loci. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical information to facilitate successful memory encoding. Thus, the goal of the current study was to identify specific hippocampal-cortical interactions that support object encoding. We collected fMRI data while 19 human participants (7 female and 12 male) encoded images of real-world objects and tested their memory for object concepts and image exemplars (i.e., conceptual and perceptual memory). Representational similarity analysis revealed robust representations of visual and semantic information in canonical visual (e.g., occipital cortex) and semantic (e.g., angular gyrus) regions in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Critically, hippocampal functions modulated the mnemonic impact of cortical representations that are most pertinent to future memory demands, or transfer-appropriate representations Subsequent perceptual memory was best predicted by the strength of visual representations in ventromedial occipital cortex in coordination with hippocampal activity and pattern information during encoding. In parallel, subsequent conceptual memory was best predicted by the strength of semantic representations in left inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus in coordination with either hippocampal activity or semantic representational strength during encoding. We found no evidence for transfer-incongruent hippocampal-cortical interactions supporting subsequent memory (i.e., no hippocampal interactions with cortical visual/semantic representations supported conceptual/perceptual memory). Collectively, these results suggest that diverse hippocampal functions flexibly modulate cortical representations of object properties to satisfy distinct future memory demands.Significance Statement The hippocampus is theorized to index pieces of information stored throughout the cortex to support episodic memory. Yet how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical representation of stimulus information remains unclear. Using fMRI, we examined various forms of hippocampal-cortical interactions during object encoding in relation to subsequent performance on conceptual and perceptual memory tests. Our results revealed novel hippocampal-cortical interactions that utilize semantic and visual representations in transfer-appropriate manners: conceptual memory supported by hippocampal modulation of frontoparietal semantic representations, and perceptual memory supported by hippocampal modulation of occipital visual representations. These findings provide important insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of information-rich episodic memory and underscore the value of studying the flexible interplay between brain regions for complex cognition.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1135-23.2023}, Key = {fds375232} } @article{fds375274, Author = {Cabeza, R and Düzel, E}, Title = {Endel Tulving (1927-2023).}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {382}, Number = {6677}, Pages = {1365}, Year = {2023}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adn2158}, Abstract = {Explorer, innovator, and theorist of human memory.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.adn2158}, Key = {fds375274} } @article{fds374274, Author = {Naspi, L and Stensholt, C and Karlsson, AE and Monge, ZA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of Aging on Successful Object Encoding: Enhanced Semantic Representations Compensate for Impaired Visual Representations.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {43}, Number = {44}, Pages = {7337-7350}, Year = {2023}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2265-22.2023}, Abstract = {Although episodic memory and visual processing decline substantially with healthy aging, semantic knowledge is generally spared. There is evidence that older adults' spared semantic knowledge can support episodic memory. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with representational similarity analyses (RSAs) to examine how novel visual and preexisting semantic representations at encoding predict subjective memory vividness at retrieval. Eighteen young and seventeen older adults (female and male participants) encoded images of objects during fMRI scanning and recalled these images while rating the vividness of their memories. After scanning, participants discriminated between studied images and similar lures. RSA based on a deep convolutional neural network and normative concept feature data were used to link patterns of neural activity during encoding to visual and semantic representations. Relative to young adults, the specificity of activation patterns for visual features was reduced in older adults, consistent with dedifferentiation. However, the specificity of activation patterns for semantic features was enhanced in older adults, consistent with hyperdifferentiation. Despite dedifferentiation, visual representations in early visual cortex (EVC) predicted high memory vividness in both age groups. In contrast, semantic representations in lingual gyrus (LG) and fusiform gyrus (FG) were associated with high memory vividness only in the older adults. Intriguingly, data suggests that older adults with lower specificity of visual representations in combination with higher specificity of semantic representations tended to rate their memories as more vivid. Our findings suggest that memory vividness in aging relies more on semantic representations over anterior regions, potentially compensating for age-related dedifferentiation of visual information in posterior regions.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Normal aging is associated with impaired memory for events while semantic knowledge might even improve. We investigated the effects of aging on the specificity of visual and semantic information in the brain when viewing common objects and how this information enables subsequent memory vividness for these objects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with modeling of the stimuli we found that visual information was represented with less specificity in older than young adults while still supporting memory vividness. In contrast semantic information supported memory vividness only in older adults and especially in those individuals that had the lowest specificity of visual information. These findings provide evidence for a spared semantic memory system increasingly recruited to compensate for degraded visual representations in older age.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.2265-22.2023}, Key = {fds374274} } @article{fds373554, Author = {Becker, M and Yu, Y and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The influence of insight on risky decision making and nucleus accumbens activation.}, Journal = {Scientific reports}, Volume = {13}, Number = {1}, Pages = {17159}, Year = {2023}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44293-2}, Abstract = {During insightful problem solving, the solution appears unexpectedly and is accompanied by the feeling of an AHA!. Research suggests that this affective component of insight can have consequences beyond the solution itself by motivating future behavior, such as risky (high reward and high uncertainty) decision making. Here, we investigate the behavioral and neural support for the motivational role of AHA in decision making involving monetary choices. The positive affect of the AHA! experience has been linked to internal reward. Reward in turn has been linked to dopaminergic signal transmission in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) and risky decision making. Therefore, we hypothesized that insight activates reward-related brain areas, modulating risky decision making. We tested this hypothesis in two studies. First, in a pre-registered online study (Study 1), we demonstrated the behavioral effect of insight-related increase in risky decision making using a visual Mooney identification paradigm. Participants were more likely to choose the riskier monetary payout when they had previously solved the Mooney image with high compared to low accompanied AHA!. Second, in an fMRI study (Study 2), we measured the effects of insight on NAcc activity using a similar Mooney identification paradigm to the one of Study 1. Greater NAcc activity was found when participants solved the Mooney image with high vs low AHA!. Taken together, our results link insight to enhanced NAcc activity and a preference for high but uncertain rewards, suggesting that insight enhances reward-related brain areas possibly via dopaminergic signal transmission, promoting risky decision making.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-44293-2}, Key = {fds373554} } @article{fds373555, Author = {Gjorgieva, E and Morales-Torres, R and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {Neural retrieval processes occur more rapidly for visual mental images that were previously encoded with high-vividness.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {33}, Number = {19}, Pages = {10234-10244}, Year = {2023}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad278}, Abstract = {Visual mental imagery refers to our ability to experience visual images in the absence of sensory stimulation. Studies have shown that visual mental imagery can improve episodic memory. However, we have limited understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement. Using electroencephalography, we examined the neural processes associated with the retrieval of previously generated visual mental images, focusing on how the vividness at generation can modulate retrieval processes. Participants viewed word stimuli referring to common objects, forming a visual mental image of each word and rating the vividness of the mental image. This was followed by a surprise old/new recognition task. We compared retrieval performance for items rated as high- versus low-vividness at encoding. High-vividness items were retrieved with faster reaction times and higher confidence ratings in the memory judgment. While controlling for confidence, neural measures indicated that high-vividness items produced an earlier decrease in alpha-band activity at retrieval compared with low-vividness items, suggesting an earlier memory reinstatement. Even when low-vividness items were remembered with high confidence, they were not retrieved as quickly as high-vividness items. These results indicate that when highly vivid mental images are encoded, the speed of their retrieval occurs more rapidly, relative to low-vivid items.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad278}, Key = {fds373555} } @article{fds371261, Author = {Garcia De La Santa Ramos and A and Cabeza, R and Villanueva, A}, Title = {Calibration free eye tracking solution for mobile and embedded devices}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Year = {2023}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9798400701504}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589539}, Abstract = {In this study we propose a competent low-cost eye tracking solution that is able to run on any mobile device, independently of the hardware that is equipped with. The rapid evolution of technologies has enabled to work with many neural network structures that some years ago were out of reach. The project will start from a solution which Irisbond (https://www.irisbond.com/) company has been working on, which gives precision values of 3 and 6 degrees for calibration and calibration-free use cases respectively. The goal of the solution is to try to develop a usable solution in the Augmented and Alternative Communication (AAC) field across different types of devices, from mobile to embedded devices. To achieve such an objective, two main goals have been set out during this study. One the one hand I (we) aim at removing the initial calibration step to reach a calibration-free solution. On the other hand, I (we) seek to separate the functionality of a software into independent, interchangeable modules to fit the different target device limitations.}, Doi = {10.1145/3588015.3589539}, Key = {fds371261} } @article{fds369070, Author = {Stern, Y and Albert, M and Barnes, CA and Cabeza, R and Pascual-Leone, A and Rapp, PR}, Title = {A framework for concepts of reserve and resilience in aging.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of aging}, Volume = {124}, Pages = {100-103}, Year = {2023}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015}, Abstract = {The study of factors, across species, that allow some individuals to age more successfully than others has important implications for individual wellbeing as well as health education, policy and intervention. Design of studies and communication across investigators in this area has been hampered by a diversity of terminology. The Collaboratory on Research Definitions for Reserve and Resilience in Cognitive Aging and Dementia was funded by the National Institute on Aging and established in 2019 as a 3-year process of developing consensus definitions and research guidelines. The proposed Framework is based on an iterative process including 3 annual Workshops, focused workgroups, and input from numerous international investigators. It suggests the overarching term: resilience, and presents operational definitions for 3 concepts: cognitive reserve, brain maintenance, and brain reserve. Twelve pilot studies that integrate these definitions are presented. The use of a common vocabulary and operational definitions will facilitate even greater progress in understanding the factors that are associated with successful aging.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015}, Key = {fds369070} } @article{fds365720, Author = {Gjorgieva, E and Geib, BR and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {The influence of imagery vividness and internally-directed attention on the neural mechanisms underlying the encoding of visual mental images into episodic memory.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {33}, Number = {6}, Pages = {3207-3220}, Year = {2023}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac270}, Abstract = {Attention can be directed externally toward sensory information or internally toward self-generated information. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the attentional processes underlying the formation and encoding of self-generated mental images into episodic memory. Participants viewed flickering words referring to common objects and were tasked with forming visual mental images of the objects and rating their vividness. Subsequent memory for the presented object words was assessed using an old-new recognition task. Internally-directed attention during image generation was indexed as a reduction in steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), oscillatory EEG responses at the frequency of a flickering stimulus. The results yielded 3 main findings. First, SSVEP power driven by the flickering word stimuli decreased as subjects directed attention internally to form the corresponding mental image. Second, SSVEP power returned to pre-imagery baseline more slowly for low- than high-vividness later remembered items, suggesting that longer internally-directed attention is required to generate subsequently remembered low-vividness images. Finally, the event-related-potential difference due to memory was more sustained for subsequently remembered low- versus high-vividness items, suggesting that additional conceptual processing may have been needed to remember the low-vividness visual images. Taken together, the results clarify the neural mechanisms supporting the encoding of self-generated information.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhac270}, Key = {fds365720} } @article{fds362514, Author = {Becker, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Assessing creativity independently of language: A language-independent remote associate task (LI-RAT).}, Journal = {Behavior research methods}, Volume = {55}, Number = {1}, Pages = {85-102}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01773-5}, Abstract = {Most creativity measures are either complex or language-dependent, hindering cross-cultural creativity assessment. We have therefore developed and tested a simple, language-independent insight task based on pictures in the style of the widely used verbal remote associate task (RAT). We demonstrate that the language-independent RAT (LI-RAT) allows assessment of different aspects of insight across large samples with different languages. It also correlates with other creativity and general problem-solving tasks. The entire stimulus set, including its preliminary normative data, is made freely available. This information can be used to select items based on accuracy, mean solution time, likelihood to produce an insight, or conceptual and perceptual similarity between the pictures per item.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13428-021-01773-5}, Key = {fds362514} } @article{fds368069, Author = {Khoudary, A and Hanna, E and O'Neill, K and Iyengar, V and Clifford, S and Cabeza, R and De Brigard and F and Sinnott-Armstrong, W}, Title = {A functional neuroimaging investigation of Moral Foundations Theory.}, Journal = {Social neuroscience}, Volume = {17}, Number = {6}, Pages = {491-507}, Year = {2022}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2022.2148737}, Abstract = {Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) posits that the human mind contains modules (or "foundations") that are functionally specialized to moralize unique dimensions of the social world: Authority, Loyalty, Purity, Harm, Fairness, and Liberty. Despite this strong claim about cognitive architecture, it is unclear whether neural activity during moral reasoning exhibits this modular structure. Here, we use spatiotemporal partial least squares correlation (PLSC) analyses of fMRI data collected during judgments of foundation-specific violations to investigate whether MFT's cognitive modularity claim extends to the neural level. A mean-centered PLSC analysis returned two latent variables that differentiated between social norm and moral foundation violations, functionally segregated Purity, Loyalty, Physical Harm, and Fairness from the other foundations, and suggested that Authority has a different neural basis than other binding foundations. Non-rotated PLSC analyses confirmed that neural activity distinguished social norm from moral foundation violations, and distinguished individualizing and binding moral foundations if Authority is dropped from the binding foundations. Purity violations were persistently associated with amygdala activity, whereas moral foundation violations more broadly tended to engage the default network. Our results constitute partial evidence for neural modularity and motivate further research on the novel groupings identified by the PLSC analyses.}, Doi = {10.1080/17470919.2022.2148737}, Key = {fds368069} } @article{fds362515, Author = {Becker, M and Davis, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Between automatic and control processes: How relationships between problem elements interact to facilitate or impede insight.}, Journal = {Mem Cognit}, Volume = {50}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1719-1734}, Year = {2022}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01277-3}, Abstract = {Solving a problem requires relating the pieces of information available to each other and to the solution. We investigated how the strength of these relationships determines the likelihood of solving insight tasks based on remote associates. In these tasks, the solver is provided with several cues (e.g., drop, coat, summer) and has to find the solution that matches those cues (e.g., rain). We measured the semantic similarity between the cues and the solution (cue-solution similarity) as well as between cues (cue-cue similarity). We assume those relationships modulate two basic processes underlying insight problem-solving. First, there is an automatic activation process whereby conceptual activation spreads across a semantic network from each cue node to their associated nodes, potentially reaching the node of the solution. Thus, in general, the higher cue-solution similarity, the more likely the solution will be found (Prediction 1). Second, there is a controlled search process focused on an area in semantic space whose radius depends on competing cue-cue similarity. High cue-cue similarity will bias a search for the solution close to the provided cues because the associated nodes shared by both cues are highly coactivated. Therefore, high cue-cue similarity will have a beneficial effect when the cue-solution similarity is high but a detrimental effect when cue-solution similarity is low (Prediction 2). Our two predictions were confirmed using both verbal and pictorial remote association tasks, supporting the view that insight is dependent on an interaction of meaningful relationships between cues and solutions, and clarify the mechanisms of insight problem solving in remote associates.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13421-022-01277-3}, Key = {fds362515} } @article{fds363782, Author = {Izumika, R and Cabeza, R and Tsukiura, T}, Title = {Neural Mechanisms of Perceiving and Subsequently Recollecting Emotional Facial Expressions in Young and Older Adults.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {34}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1183-1204}, Year = {2022}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01851}, Abstract = {It is known that emotional facial expressions modulate the perception and subsequent recollection of faces and that aging alters these modulatory effects. Yet, the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood, and they were the focus of the current fMRI study. We scanned healthy young and older adults while perceiving happy, neutral, or angry faces paired with names. Participants were then provided with the names of the faces and asked to recall the facial expression of each face. fMRI analyses focused on the fusiform face area (FFA), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the OFC, the amygdala (AMY), and the hippocampus (HC). Univariate activity, multivariate pattern (MVPA), and functional connectivity analyses were performed. The study yielded two main sets of findings. First, in pSTS and AMY, univariate activity and MVPA discrimination during the processing of facial expressions were similar in young and older adults, whereas in FFA and OFC, MVPA discriminated facial expressions less accurately in older than young adults. These findings suggest that facial expression representations in FFA and OFC reflect age-related dedifferentiation and positivity effect. Second, HC-OFC connectivity showed subsequent memory effects (SMEs) for happy expressions in both age groups, HC-FFA connectivity exhibited SMEs for happy and neutral expressions in young adults, and HC-pSTS interactions displayed SMEs for happy expressions in older adults. These results could be related to compensatory mechanisms and positivity effects in older adults. Taken together, the results clarify the effects of aging on the neural mechanisms in perceiving and encoding facial expressions.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01851}, Key = {fds363782} } @article{fds359573, Author = {Beynel, L and Dannhauer, M and Palmer, H and Hilbig, SA and Crowell, CA and Wang, JE-H and Michael, AM and Wood, EA and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Peterchev, AV and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Network-based rTMS to modulate working memory: The difficult choice of effective parameters for online interventions.}, Journal = {Brain Behav}, Volume = {11}, Number = {11}, Pages = {e2361}, Year = {2021}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2361}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Online repetitive transcranialmagnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to modulate working memory (WM) performance in a site-specific manner, with behavioral improvements due to stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and impairment from stimulation to the lateral parietal cortex (LPC). Neurobehavioral studies have demonstrated that subprocesses of WM allowing for the maintenance and manipulation of information in the mind involve unique cortical networks. Despite promising evidence of modulatory effects of rTMS on WM, no studies have yet demonstrated distinct modulatory control of these two subprocesses. The current study therefore sought to explore this possibility through site-specific stimulation during an online task invoking both skills. METHODS: Twenty-nine subjects completed a 4-day protocol, in which active or sham 5Hz rTMS was applied over the DLPFC and LPC in separate blocks of trials while participants performed tasks that required either maintenance alone, or both maintenance and manipulation (alphabetization) of information. Stimulation targets were defined individually based on fMRI activation and structural network properties. Stimulation amplitude was adjusted using electric field modeling to equate induced current in the target region across participants. RESULTS: Despite the use of advanced techniques, no significant differences or interactions between active and sham stimulation were found. Exploratory analyses testing stimulation amplitude, fMRI activation, and modal controllability showed nonsignificant but interesting trends with rTMS effects. CONCLUSION: While this study did not reveal any significant behavioral changes in WM, the results may point to parameters that contribute to positive effects, such as stimulation amplitude and functional activation.}, Doi = {10.1002/brb3.2361}, Key = {fds359573} } @article{fds357873, Author = {Deng, L and Davis, SW and Monge, ZA and Wing, EA and Geib, BR and Raghunandan, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related dedifferentiation and hyperdifferentiation of perceptual and mnemonic representations.}, Journal = {Neurobiol Aging}, Volume = {106}, Pages = {55-67}, Year = {2021}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.021}, Abstract = {Preliminary evidence indicates that occipito-temporal activation patterns for different visual stimuli are less distinct in older (OAs) than younger (YAs) adults, suggesting a dedifferentiation of visual representations with aging. Yet, it is unclear if this deficit (1) affects only sensory or also categorical aspects of representations during visual perception (perceptual representations), and (2) affects only perceptual or also mnemonic representations. To investigate these issues, we fMRI-scanned YAs and OAs viewing and then remembering visual scenes. First, using representational similarity analyses, we distinguished sensory vs. categorical features of perceptual representations. We found that, compared to YAs, sensory features in early visual cortex were less differentiated in OAs (i.e., age-related dedifferentiation), replicating previous research, whereas categorical features in anterior temporal lobe (ATL) were more differentiated in OAs. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of an age-related hyperdifferentiation. Second, we assessed the quality of mnemonic representations by measuring encoding-retrieval similarity (ERS) in activation patterns. We found that aging impaired mnemonic representations in early visual cortex and hippocampus but enhanced mnemonic representations in ATL. Thus, both perceptual and mnemonic representations in ATL were enhanced by aging. In sum, our findings suggest that aging impairs visual and mnemonic representations in posterior brain regions but enhances them in anterior regions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.021}, Key = {fds357873} } @article{fds363842, Author = {Sinclair, AH and Stanley, ML and Hakimi, S and Cabeza, R and Adcock, RA and Samanez-Larkin, GR}, Title = {Imagining a Personalized Scenario Selectively Increases Perceived Risk of Viral Transmission for Older Adults.}, Journal = {Nat Aging}, Volume = {1}, Number = {8}, Pages = {677-683}, Year = {2021}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00095-7}, Abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has created a serious and prolonged public-health emergency. Older adults have been at substantially greater risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death due to COVID-19; as of February 2021, over 81% of COVID-19-related deaths in the U.S. occurred for people over the age of 651,2. Converging evidence from around the world suggests that age is the greatest risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness and for the experience of adverse health outcomes3,4. Therefore, effectively communicating health-related risk information requires tailoring interventions to older adults' needs5. Using a novel informational intervention with a nationally-representative sample of 546 U.S. residents, we found that older adults reported increased perceived risk of COVID-19 transmission after imagining a personalized scenario with social consequences. Although older adults tended to forget numerical information over time, the personalized simulations elicited increases in perceived risk that persisted over a 1-3 week delay. Overall, our results bear broad implications for communicating information about health risks to older adults, and they suggest new strategies to combat annual influenza outbreaks.}, Doi = {10.1038/s43587-021-00095-7}, Key = {fds363842} } @article{fds357560, Author = {Stanley, ML and Cabeza, R and Smallman, R and De Brigard, F}, Title = {Memory and Counterfactual Simulations for Past Wrongdoings Foster Moral Learning and Improvement.}, Journal = {Cognitive science}, Volume = {45}, Number = {6}, Pages = {e13007}, Year = {2021}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13007}, Abstract = {In four studies, we investigated the role of remembering, reflecting on, and mutating personal past moral transgressions to learn from those moral mistakes and to form intentions for moral improvement. Participants reported having ruminated on their past wrongdoings, particularly their more severe transgressions, and they reported having frequently thought about morally better ways in which they could have acted instead (i.e., morally upward counterfactuals; Studies 1-3). The more that participants reported having mentally simulated morally better ways in which they could have acted, the stronger their intentions were to improve in the future (Studies 2 and 3). Implementing an experimental manipulation, we then found that making accessible a morally upward counterfactual after committing a moral transgression strengthened reported intentions for moral improvement-relative to resimulating the remembered event and considering morally worse ways in which they could have acted instead (Study 4). We discuss the implications of these results for competing theoretical views on the relationship between memory and morality and for functional theories of counterfactual thinking.}, Doi = {10.1111/cogs.13007}, Key = {fds357560} } @article{fds355298, Author = {Hovhannisyan, M and Clarke, A and Geib, BR and Cicchinelli, R and Monge, Z and Worth, T and Szymanski, A and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW}, Title = {Correction to: The visual and semantic features that predict object memory: Concept property norms for 1,000 object images.}, Journal = {Mem Cognit}, Volume = {49}, Number = {4}, Pages = {732}, Year = {2021}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01145-6}, Doi = {10.3758/s13421-021-01145-6}, Key = {fds355298} } @article{fds355149, Author = {Hovhannisyan, M and Clarke, A and Geib, BR and Cicchinelli, R and Monge, Z and Worth, T and Szymanski, A and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW}, Title = {The visual and semantic features that predict object memory: Concept property norms for 1,000 object images.}, Journal = {Mem Cognit}, Volume = {49}, Number = {4}, Pages = {712-731}, Year = {2021}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01130-5}, Abstract = {Humans have a remarkable fidelity for visual long-term memory, and yet the composition of these memories is a longstanding debate in cognitive psychology. While much of the work on long-term memory has focused on processes associated with successful encoding and retrieval, more recent work on visual object recognition has developed a focus on the memorability of specific visual stimuli. Such work is engendering a view of object representation as a hierarchical movement from low-level visual representations to higher level categorical organization of conceptual representations. However, studies on object recognition often fail to account for how these high- and low-level features interact to promote distinct forms of memory. Here, we use both visual and semantic factors to investigate their relative contributions to two different forms of memory of everyday objects. We first collected normative visual and semantic feature information on 1,000 object images. We then conducted a memory study where we presented these same images during encoding (picture target) on Day 1, and then either a Lexical (lexical cue) or Visual (picture cue) memory test on Day 2. Our findings indicate that: (1) higher level visual factors (via DNNs) and semantic factors (via feature-based statistics) make independent contributions to object memory, (2) semantic information contributes to both true and false memory performance, and (3) factors that predict object memory depend on the type of memory being tested. These findings help to provide a more complete picture of what factors influence object memorability. These data are available online upon publication as a public resource.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13421-020-01130-5}, Key = {fds355149} } @article{fds354386, Author = {Geib, BR and Cabeza, R and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {Linking the Rapid Cascade of Visuo-Attentional Processes to Successful Memory Encoding.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {31}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1861-1872}, Year = {2021}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa295}, Abstract = {While it is broadly accepted that attention modulates memory, the contribution of specific rapid attentional processes to successful encoding is largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of electroencephalographic recordings to directly link a cascade of visuo-attentional neural processes to successful encoding: namely (1) the N2pc (peaking ~200 ms), which reflects stimulus-specific attentional orienting and allocation, (2) the sustained posterior-contralateral negativity (post-N2pc), which has been associated with sustained visual processing, (3) the contralateral reduction in oscillatory alpha power (contralateral reduction in alpha > 200 ms), which has also been independently related to attentionally sustained visual processing. Each of these visuo-attentional processes was robustly predictive of successful encoding, and, moreover, each enhanced memory independently of the classic, longer-latency, conceptually related, difference-due-to memory (Dm) effect. Early latency midfrontal theta power also promoted successful encoding, with at least part of this influence being mediated by the later latency Dm effect. These findings markedly expand current knowledge by helping to elucidate the intimate relationship between attentional modulations of perceptual processing and effective encoding for later memory retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhaa295}, Key = {fds354386} } @article{fds351100, Author = {Deng, L and Stanley, ML and Monge, ZA and Wing, EA and Geib, BR and Davis, SW and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-Related Compensatory Reconfiguration of PFC Connections during Episodic Memory Retrieval.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {31}, Number = {2}, Pages = {717-730}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa192}, Abstract = {During demanding cognitive tasks, older adults (OAs) frequently show greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than younger adults (YAs). This age-related increase in PFC activity is often associated with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting functional compensation. However, the brain is a complex network of interconnected regions, and it is unclear how network connectivity of PFC regions differs for OAs versus YAs. To investigate this, we examined the age-related difference on the functional brain networks mediating episodic memory retrieval. YAs and OAs participants encoded and recalled visual scenes, and age-related differences in network topology during memory retrieval were investigated as a function of memory performance. We measured both changes in functional integration and reconfiguration in connectivity patterns. The study yielded three main findings. First, PFC regions were more functionally integrated with the rest of the brain network in OAs. Critically, this age-related increase in PFC integration was associated with better retrieval performance. Second, PFC regions showed stronger performance-related reconfiguration of connectivity patterns in OAs. Finally, the PFC reconfiguration increases in OAs tracked reconfiguration reductions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL)-a core episodic memory region, suggesting that PFC connectivity in OAs may be compensating for MTL deficits.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhaa192}, Key = {fds351100} } @article{fds355150, Author = {Davis, SW and Geib, BR and Wing, EA and Wang, W-C and Hovhannisyan, M and Monge, ZA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Visual and Semantic Representations Predict Subsequent Memory in Perceptual and Conceptual Memory Tests.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {31}, Number = {2}, Pages = {974-992}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa269}, Abstract = {It is generally assumed that the encoding of a single event generates multiple memory representations, which contribute differently to subsequent episodic memory. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and representational similarity analysis to examine how visual and semantic representations predicted subsequent memory for single item encoding (e.g., seeing an orange). Three levels of visual representations corresponding to early, middle, and late visual processing stages were based on a deep neural network. Three levels of semantic representations were based on normative observed ("is round"), taxonomic ("is a fruit"), and encyclopedic features ("is sweet"). We identified brain regions where each representation type predicted later perceptual memory, conceptual memory, or both (general memory). Participants encoded objects during fMRI, and then completed both a word-based conceptual and picture-based perceptual memory test. Visual representations predicted subsequent perceptual memory in visual cortices, but also facilitated conceptual and general memory in more anterior regions. Semantic representations, in turn, predicted perceptual memory in visual cortex, conceptual memory in the perirhinal and inferior prefrontal cortex, and general memory in the angular gyrus. These results suggest that the contribution of visual and semantic representations to subsequent memory effects depends on a complex interaction between representation, test type, and storage location.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhaa269}, Key = {fds355150} } @article{fds355957, Author = {Garde, G and Larumbe-Bergera, A and Porta, S and Cabeza, R and Villanueva, A}, Title = {Synthetic Gaze Data Augmentation for Improved User Calibration}, Journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, Volume = {12663 LNCS}, Pages = {377-389}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9783030687953}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_27}, Abstract = {In this paper, we focus on the calibration possibilitiesó of a deep learning based gaze estimation process applying transfer learning, comparing its performance when using a general dataset versus when using a gaze specific dataset in the pretrained model. Subject calibration has demonstrated to improve gaze accuracy in high performance eye trackers. Hence, we wonder about the potential of a deep learning gaze estimation model for subject calibration employing fine-tuning procedures. A pretrained Resnet-18 network, which has great performance in many computer vision tasks, is fine-tuned using user’s specific data in a few shot adaptive gaze estimation approach. We study the impact of pretraining a model with a synthetic dataset, U2Eyes, before addressing the gaze estimation calibration in a real dataset, I2Head. The results of the work show that the success of the individual calibration largely depends on the balance between fine-tuning and the standard supervised learning procedures and that using a gaze specific dataset to pretrain the model improves the accuracy when few images are available for calibration. This paper shows that calibration is feasible in low resolution scenarios providing outstanding accuracies below 1.5 ∘ of error.}, Doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_27}, Key = {fds355957} } @article{fds351402, Author = {Gamboa Arana and OL and Palmer, H and Dannhauer, M and Hile, C and Liu, S and Hamdan, R and Brito, A and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW and Peterchev, AV and Sommer, MA and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Intensity- and timing-dependent modulation of motion perception with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {147}, Pages = {107581}, Year = {2020}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107581}, Abstract = {Despite the widespread use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical care, the dose-response relations and neurophysiological correlates of modulatory effects remain relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, we studied modulation of visual processing as a function of TMS parameters. Our approach combined electroencephalography (EEG) with application of single pulse TMS to visual cortex as participants performed a motion perception task. During each participants' first visit, motion coherence thresholds, 64-channel visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and TMS resting motor thresholds (RMT) were measured. In second and third visits, single pulse TMS was delivered at one of two latencies, either 30 ms before the onset of motion or at the onset latency of the N2 VEP component derived from the first session. TMS was delivered at 0%, 80%, 100%, or 120% of RMT over the site of N2 peak activity, or at 120% over vertex. Behavioral results demonstrated a significant main effect of TMS timing on accuracy, with better performance when TMS was applied at the N2-Onset timing versus Pre-Onset, as well as a significant interaction, indicating that 80% intensity produced higher accuracy than other conditions at the N2-Onset. TMS effects on the P3 VEP showed reduced amplitudes in the 80% Pre-Onset condition, an increase for the 120% N2-Onset condition, and monotonic amplitude scaling with stimulation intensity. The N2 component was not affected by TMS. These findings reveal the influence of TMS intensity and timing on visual perception and electrophysiological responses, with optimal facilitation at stimulation intensities below RMT.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107581}, Key = {fds351402} } @article{fds349925, Author = {Crowell, CA and Davis, SW and Beynel, L and Deng, L and Lakhlani, D and Hilbig, SA and Palmer, H and Brito, A and Peterchev, AV and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Appelbaum, LG and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Older adults benefit from more widespread brain network integration during working memory.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {218}, Pages = {116959}, Year = {2020}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116959}, Abstract = {Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the aging brain relies on a more distributed set of cortical regions than younger adults in order to maintain successful levels of performance during demanding cognitive tasks. However, it remains unclear how task demands give rise to this age-related expansion in cortical networks. To investigate this issue, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure univariate activity, network connectivity, and cognitive performance in younger and older adults during a working memory (WM) task. Here, individuals performed a WM task in which they held letters online while reordering them alphabetically. WM load was titrated to obtain four individualized difficulty levels with different set sizes. Network integration-defined as the ratio of within-versus between-network connectivity-was linked to individual differences in WM capacity. The study yielded three main findings. First, as task difficulty increased, network integration decreased in younger adults, whereas it increased in older adults. Second, age-related increases in network integration were driven by increases in right hemisphere connectivity to both left and right cortical regions, a finding that helps to reconcile existing theories of compensatory recruitment in aging. Lastly, older adults with higher WM capacity demonstrated higher levels of network integration in the most difficult task condition. These results shed light on the mechanisms of age-related network reorganization by demonstrating that changes in network connectivity may act as an adaptive form of compensation, with older adults recruiting a more distributed cortical network as task demands increase.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116959}, Key = {fds349925} } @article{fds351101, Author = {Beynel, L and Deng, L and Crowell, CA and Dannhauer, M and Palmer, H and Hilbig, S and Peterchev, AV and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, LG and Davis, SW}, Title = {Structural Controllability Predicts Functional Patterns and Brain Stimulation Benefits Associated with Working Memory.}, Journal = {J Neurosci}, Volume = {40}, Number = {35}, Pages = {6770-6778}, Year = {2020}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0531-20.2020}, Abstract = {The brain is an inherently dynamic system, and much work has focused on the ability to modify neural activity through both local perturbations and changes in the function of global network ensembles. Network controllability is a recent concept in network neuroscience that purports to predict the influence of individual cortical sites on global network states and state changes, thereby creating a unifying account of local influences on global brain dynamics. While this notion is accepted in engineering science, it is subject to ongoing debates in neuroscience as empirical evidence linking network controllability to brain activity and human behavior remains scarce. Here, we present an integrated set of multimodal brain-behavior relationships derived from fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied during an individually calibrated working memory task performed by individuals of both sexes. The modes describing the structural network system dynamics showed direct relationships to brain activity associated with task difficulty, with difficult-to-reach modes contributing to functional brain states in the hard task condition. Modal controllability (a measure quantifying the contribution of difficult-to-reach modes) at the stimulated site predicted both fMRI activations associated with increasing task difficulty and rTMS benefits on task performance. Furthermore, fMRI explained 64% of the variance between modal controllability and the working memory benefit associated with 5 Hz online rTMS. These results therefore provide evidence toward the functional validity of network control theory, and outline a clear technique for integrating structural network topology and functional activity to predict the influence of stimulation on subsequent behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The network controllability concept proposes that specific cortical nodes are able to steer the brain into certain physiological states. By applying external perturbation to these control nodes, it is theorized that brain stimulation is able to selectively target difficult-to-reach states, potentially aiding processing and improving performance on cognitive tasks. The current study used rTMS and fMRI during a working memory task to test this hypothesis. We demonstrate that network controllability correlates with fMRI modulation because of working memory load and with the behavioral improvements that result from a multivisit intervention using 5 Hz rTMS. This study demonstrates the validity of network controllability and offers a new targeting approach to improve efficacy.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0531-20.2020}, Key = {fds351101} } @article{fds350005, Author = {Cabeza, R and Becker, M and Davis, SW}, Title = {Are the hippocampus and its network necessary for creativity?}, Journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, Volume = {117}, Number = {25}, Pages = {13870-13872}, Year = {2020}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008601117}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2008601117}, Key = {fds350005} } @article{fds349713, Author = {Gamboa, OL and Brito, A and Abzug, Z and D'Arbeloff, T and Beynel, L and Wing, EA and Dannhauer, M and Palmer, H and Hilbig, SA and Crowell, CA and Liu, S and Donaldson, R and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW and Peterchev, AV and Sommer, MA and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Application of long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to motion-sensitive visual cortex does not lead to changes in motion discrimination.}, Journal = {Neurosci Lett}, Volume = {730}, Pages = {135022}, Year = {2020}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135022}, Abstract = {The perception of visual motion is dependent on a set of occipitotemporal regions that are readily accessible to neuromodulation. The current study tested if paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (ppTMS) could modulate motion perception by stimulating the occipital cortex as participants viewed near-threshold motion dot stimuli. In this sham-controlled study, fifteen subjects completed two sessions. On the first visit, resting motor threshold (RMT) was assessed, and participants performed an adaptive direction discrimination task to determine individual motion sensitivity. During the second visit, subjects performed the task with three difficulty levels as TMS pulses were delivered 150 and 50 ms prior to motion stimulus onset at 120% RMT, under the logic that the cumulative inhibitory effect of these pulses would alter motion sensitivity. ppTMS was delivered at one of two locations: 3 cm dorsal and 5 cm lateral to inion (scalp-based coordinate), or at the site of peak activation for "motion" according to the NeuroSynth fMRI database (meta-analytic coordinate). Sham stimulation was delivered on one-third of trials by tilting the coil 90°. Analyses showed no significant active-versus-sham effects of ppTMS when stimulation was delivered to the meta-analytic (p = 0.15) or scalp-based coordinates (p = 0.17), which were separated by 29 mm on average. Active-versus-sham stimulation differences did not interact with either stimulation location (p = 0.12) or difficulty (p = 0.33). These findings fail to support the hypothesis that long-interval ppTMS recruits inhibitory processes in motion-sensitive cortex but must be considered within the limited parameters used in this design.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135022}, Key = {fds349713} } @article{fds349473, Author = {Beynel, L and Davis, SW and Crowell, CA and Dannhauer, M and Lim, W and Palmer, H and Hilbig, SA and Brito, A and Hile, C and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Peterchev, AV and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Site-Specific Effects of Online rTMS during a Working Memory Task in Healthy Older Adults.}, Journal = {Brain Sci}, Volume = {10}, Number = {5}, Year = {2020}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050255}, Abstract = {The process of manipulating information within working memory is central to many cognitive functions, but also declines rapidly in old age. Improving this process could markedly enhance the health-span in older adults. The current pre-registered, randomized and placebo-controlled study tested the potential of online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied at 5 Hz over the left lateral parietal cortex to enhance working memory manipulation in healthy elderly adults. rTMS was applied, while participants performed a delayed-response alphabetization task with two individually titrated levels of difficulty. Coil placement and stimulation amplitude were calculated from fMRI activation maps combined with electric field modeling on an individual-subject basis in order to standardize dosing at the targeted cortical location. Contrary to the a priori hypothesis, active rTMS significantly decreased accuracy relative to sham, and only in the hardest difficulty level. When compared to the results from our previous study, in which rTMS was applied over the left prefrontal cortex, we found equivalent effect sizes but opposite directionality suggesting a site-specific effect of rTMS. These results demonstrate engagement of cortical working memory processing using a novel TMS targeting approach, while also providing prescriptions for future studies seeking to enhance memory through rTMS.}, Doi = {10.3390/brainsci10050255}, Key = {fds349473} } @article{fds348790, Author = {Wing, EA and Geib, BR and Wang, W-C and Monge, Z and Davis, SW and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Cortical Overlap and Cortical-Hippocampal Interactions Predict Subsequent True and False Memory.}, Journal = {J Neurosci}, Volume = {40}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1920-1930}, Year = {2020}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1766-19.2020}, Abstract = {The declarative memory system allows us to accurately recognize a countless number of items and events, particularly those strengthened by repeated exposure. However, increased familiarity due to repetition can also lead to false recognition of related but new items, particularly when mechanisms supporting fine-grain mnemonic discrimination fail. The hippocampus is thought to be particularly important in separating overlapping cortical inputs during encoding so that similar experiences can be differentiated. In the current study of male and female human subjects, we examine how neural pattern similarity between repeated exemplars of a given concept (e.g., apple) influences true and false memory for target or lure images. Consistent with past work, we found that subsequent true recognition was related to pattern similarity between concept exemplars and the entire encoding set (global encoding similarity), particularly in ventral visual stream. In addition, memory for an individual target exemplar (a specific apple) could be predicted solely by the degree of pattern overlap between the other exemplars (different apple pictures) of that concept (concept-specific encoding similarity). Critically, subsequent false memory for lures was mitigated when high concept-specific similarity in cortical areas was accompanied by differentiated hippocampal representations of the corresponding exemplars. Furthermore, both true and false memory entailed the reinstatement of concept-related information at varying levels of specificity. These results link both true and false memory to a measure of concept strength expressed in the overlap of cortical representations, and importantly, illustrate how the hippocampus serves to separate concurrent cortical overlap in the service of detailed memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In some instances, the same processes that help promote memory for a general idea or concept can also hinder more detailed memory judgments, which may involve differentiating between closely related items. The current study shows that increased overlap in cortical representations for conceptually-related pictures is associated with increased recognition of repeated concept pictures. Whether similar lure items were falsely remembered as old further depended on the hippocampus, where the presence of more distinct representations protected against later false memory. This work suggests that the differentiability of brain patterns during perception is related to the differentiability of items in memory, but that fine-grain discrimination depends on the interaction between cortex and hippocampus.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1766-19.2020}, Key = {fds348790} } @article{fds348485, Author = {Stanley, ML and Bedrov, A and Cabeza, R and De Brigard, F}, Title = {The centrality of remembered moral and immoral actions in constructing personal identity.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {28}, Number = {2}, Pages = {278-284}, Year = {2020}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1708952}, Abstract = {There is a widespread belief that morally good traits and qualities are particularly central to psychological constructions of personal identity. People have a strong tendency to believe that they truly are morally good. We suggest that autobiographical memories of past events involving moral actions may inform how we come to believe that we are morally good. In two studies, we investigated the role of remembered past events involving moral and immoral actions in constructing perceived personal identity. For morally right actions only, we found that remembered actions judged to be more morally right relative to less morally right were more central to personal identity (Study 1). We then found that remembered morally right actions were more central to personal identity than remembered morally wrong actions (Study 2). We discuss these findings in relation to recent research on morality and personal identity.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2019.1708952}, Key = {fds348485} } @article{fds353268, Author = {Ciaramelli, E and Burianová, H and Vallesi, A and Cabeza, R and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {Functional Interplay Between Posterior Parietal Cortex and Hippocampus During Detection of Memory Targets and Non-targets.}, Journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {563768}, Year = {2020}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.563768}, Abstract = {Posterior parietal cortex is frequently activated during episodic memory retrieval but its role during retrieval and its interactions with the hippocampus are not yet clear. In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural bases of recognition memory when study repetitions and retrieval goals were manipulated. During encoding participants studied words either once or three times, and during retrieval they were rewarded more to detect either studied words or new words. We found that (1) dorsal parietal cortex (DPC) was more engaged during detection of items studied once compared to three times, whereas regions in the ventral parietal cortex (VPC) responded more to items studied multiple times; (2) DPC, within a network of brain regions functionally connected to the anterior hippocampus, responded more to items consistent with retrieval goals (associated with high reward); (3) VPC, within a network of brain regions functionally connected to the posterior hippocampus, responded more to items not aligned with retrieval goals (i.e., unexpected). These findings support the hypothesis that DPC and VPC regions contribute differentially to top-down vs. bottom-up attention to memory. Moreover, they reveal a dissociation in the functional profile of the anterior and posterior hippocampi.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2020.563768}, Key = {fds353268} } @article{fds366289, Author = {Marques, LM and Clifford, S and Iyengar, V and Bonato, GV and Cabral, PM and Dos Santos and RB and Cabeza, R and Sinnott-Armstrong, W and Boggio, PS}, Title = {Translation and validation of the moral foundations vignettes (MFVs) for the portuguese language in a Brazilian sample}, Journal = {Judgment and Decision Making}, Volume = {15}, Number = {1}, Pages = {149-158}, Year = {2020}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {The Moral Foundations Vignettes (MFVs) – a recently developed set of brief scenarios depicting violations of various moral foundations – enables investigators to directly examine differences in moral judgments about different topics. In the present study, we adapt the MFV instrument for use in the Portuguese language. To this end, the following steps were performed: 1) Translation of the MFV instrument from English to Portuguese language in Brazil; 2) Synthesis of translated versions; 3) Evaluation of the synthesis by expert judges; 4) Evaluation of the MFV instrument by university students from Sao Paulo City; 5) Back translation; and lastly, 6) Validation study, which used a sample of 494 (385f) university students from Sao Paulo city and a set of 68 vignettes, subdivided into seven factors. Exploratory analyses show that the relationships between the moral foundations and political ideology are similar to those found in previous studies, but the severity of moral judgment on individualizing foundations tended to be significantly higher in the Sao Paulo sample, compared to a sample from the USA. Overall, the present study provides a Portuguese version of the MFV that performs similarly to the original English version, enabling a broader examination of how the moral foundations operate.}, Key = {fds366289} } @article{fds359377, Author = {Deng, L and Davis, S and Monge, Z and Wing, E and Geib, B and Raghunandan, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related dedifferentiation and hyperdifferentiation of perceptual and mnemonic representations}, Year = {2020}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.151217}, Abstract = {Preliminary evidence indicates that occipito-temporal activation patterns for different visual stimuli are less distinct in older (OAs) than younger (YAs) adults, suggesting a dedifferentiation of visual representations with aging. Yet, it is unclear if this deficit (1) affects only sensory or also categorical aspects of representations during visual perception (perceptual representations), and (2) affects only perceptual or also mnemonic representations. To investigate these issues, we fMRI-scanned YAs and OAs viewing and then remembering visual scenes. First, using representational similarity analyses, we distinguished sensory vs. categorical features of perceptual representations. We found that, compared to YAs, sensory features in early visual cortex were less differentiated in OAs (i.e., age-related dedifferentiation), replicating previous research, whereas categorical features in anterior temporal lobe (ATL) were more differentiated in OAs. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of an age-related hyperdifferentiation . Second, we assessed the quality of mnemonic representations by measuring encoding-retrieval similarity (ERS) in activation patterns. We found that aging impaired mnemonic representations in early visual cortex and hippocampus but enhanced mnemonic representations in ATL. Thus, both perceptual and mnemonic representations in ATL were enhanced by aging. In sum, our findings suggest that aging impairs visual and mnemonic representations in posterior brain regions but enhances them in anterior regions.}, Doi = {10.1101/2020.06.15.151217}, Key = {fds359377} } @article{fds352599, Author = {Davis, S and Geib, B and Wing, E and Wang, W-C and Hovhannisyan, M and Monge, Z and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Visual and semantic representations predict subsequent memory in perceptual and conceptual memory tests}, Year = {2020}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.11.944801}, Abstract = {It is generally assumed that the encoding of a single event generates multiple memory representations, which contribute differently to subsequent episodic memory. We used fMRI and representational similarity analysis (RSA) to examine how visual and semantic representations predicted subsequent memory for single item encoding (e.g., seeing an orange). Three levels of visual representations corresponding to early, middle, and late visual processing stages were based on a deep neural network. Three levels of semantic representations were based on normative Observed (“is round”), Taxonomic (“is a fruit”), and Encyclopedic features (“is sweet”). We identified brain regions where each representation type predicted later Perceptual Memory, Conceptual Memory, or both (General Memory). Participants encoded objects during fMRI, and then completed both a word-based conceptual and picture-based perceptual memory test. Visual representations predicted subsequent Perceptual Memory in visual cortices, but also facilitated Conceptual and General Memory in more anterior regions. Semantic representations, in turn, predicted Perceptual Memory in visual cortex, Conceptual Memory in the perirhinal and inferior prefrontal cortex, and General Memory in the angular gyrus. These results suggest that the contribution of visual and semantic representations to subsequent memory effects depends on a complex interaction between representation, test type, and storage location.}, Doi = {10.1101/2020.02.11.944801}, Key = {fds352599} } @article{fds346288, Author = {Beynel, L and Appelbaum, LG and Luber, B and Crowell, CA and Hilbig, SA and Lim, W and Nguyen, D and Chrapliwy, NA and Davis, SW and Cabeza, R and Lisanby, SH and Deng, Z-D}, Title = {Effects of online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive processing: A meta-analysis and recommendations for future studies.}, Journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, Volume = {107}, Pages = {47-58}, Year = {2019}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.018}, Abstract = {Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied while subjects are performing a task, is widely used to disrupt brain regions underlying cognition. However, online rTMS has also induced "paradoxical enhancement". Given the rapid proliferation of this approach, it is crucial to develop a better understanding of how online stimulation influences cognition, and the optimal parameters to achieve desired effects. To accomplish this goal, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed with random-effects models fitted to reaction time (RT) and accuracy data. The final dataset included 126 studies published between 1998 and 2016, with 244 total effects for reaction times, and 202 for accuracy. Meta-analytically, rTMS at 10 Hz and 20 Hz disrupted accuracy for attention, executive, language, memory, motor, and perception domains, while no effects were found with 1 Hz or 5 Hz. Stimulation applied at and 10 and 20 Hz slowed down RTs in attention and perception tasks. No performance enhancement was found. Meta-regression analysis showed that fMRI-guided targeting and short inter-trial intervals are associated with increased disruptive effects with rTMS.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.018}, Key = {fds346288} } @article{fds341886, Author = {Cabeza, R and Albert, M and Belleville, S and Craik, FIM and Duarte, A and Grady, CL and Lindenberger, U and Nyberg, L and Park, DC and Reuter-Lorenz, PA and Rugg, MD and Steffener, J and Rajah, MN}, Title = {Reply to 'Mechanisms underlying resilience in ageing'.}, Journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience}, Volume = {20}, Number = {4}, Pages = {247}, Year = {2019}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-019-0139-z}, Doi = {10.1038/s41583-019-0139-z}, Key = {fds341886} } @article{fds341338, Author = {Berger, M and Oyeyemi, D and Olurinde, MO and Whitson, HE and Weinhold, KJ and Woldorff, MG and Lipsitz, LA and Moretti, E and Giattino, CM and Roberts, KC and Zhou, J and Bunning, T and Ferrandino, M and Scheri, RP and Cooter, M and Chan, C and Cabeza, R and Browndyke, JN and Murdoch, DM and Devinney, MJ and Shaw, LM and Cohen, HJ and Mathew, JP and INTUIT Investigators}, Title = {The INTUIT Study: Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {67}, Number = {4}, Pages = {794-798}, Year = {2019}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15770}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Every year, up to 40% of the more than 16 million older Americans who undergo anesthesia/surgery develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) or delirium. Each of these distinct syndromes is associated with decreased quality of life, increased mortality, and a possible increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. One pathologic process hypothesized to underlie both delirium and POCD is neuroinflammation. The INTUIT study described here will determine the extent to which postoperative increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels and monocyte numbers are associated with delirium and/or POCD and their underlying brain connectivity changes. DESIGN: Observational prospective cohort. SETTING: Duke University Medical Center, Duke Regional Hospital, and Duke Raleigh Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients 60 years of age or older (N = 200) undergoing noncardiac/nonneurologic surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Participants will undergo cognitive testing before, 6 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. Delirium screening will be performed on postoperative days 1 to 5. Blood and CSF samples are obtained before surgery, and 24 hours, 6 weeks, and 1 year after surgery. CSF MCP-1 levels are measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CSF monocytes are assessed by flow cytometry. Half the patients will also undergo pre- and postoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. 32-channel intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings will be performed to identify intraoperative EEG correlates of neuroinflammation and/or postoperative cognitive resilience. Eighty patients will also undergo home sleep apnea testing to determine the relationships between sleep apnea severity, neuroinflammation, and impaired postoperative cognition. Additional assessments will help evaluate relationships between delirium, POCD, and other geriatric syndromes. CONCLUSION: INTUIT will use a transdisciplinary approach to study the role of neuroinflammation in postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction and their associated functional brain connectivity changes, and it may identify novel targets for treating and/or preventing delirium and POCD and their sequelae. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:794-798, 2019.}, Doi = {10.1111/jgs.15770}, Key = {fds341338} } @article{fds365721, Author = {Bunning, T and Whitson, HE and Weinhold, K and Woldorff, MG and Moretti, E and Oyeyemi, D and Cooter, M and Chan, C and Cabeza, R and Browndyke, JN and Murdoch, D and Devinney, M and Shaw, L and Cohen, HJ and Mathew, JP and Berger, M}, Title = {THE INTUIT STUDY: INVESTIGATING NEUROINFLAMMATION UNDERLYING POSTOPERATIVE NEUROCOGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND DELIRIUM IN OLDER ADULTS}, Journal = {ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA}, Volume = {128}, Pages = {432-432}, Year = {2019}, Key = {fds365721} } @article{fds342307, Author = {Beynel, L and Davis, SW and Crowell, CA and Hilbig, SA and Lim, W and Nguyen, D and Palmer, H and Brito, A and Peterchev, AV and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during working memory in younger and older adults: A randomized within-subject comparison.}, Journal = {PLoS One}, Volume = {14}, Number = {3}, Pages = {e0213707}, Year = {2019}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213707}, Abstract = {Working memory is the ability to perform mental operations on information that is stored in a flexible, limited capacity buffer. The ability to manipulate information in working memory is central to many aspects of human cognition, but also declines with healthy aging. Given the profound importance of such working memory manipulation abilities, there is a concerted effort towards developing approaches to improve them. The current study tested the capacity to enhance working memory manipulation with online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy young and older adults. Online high frequency (5Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to test the hypothesis that active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation would lead to significant improvements in memory recall accuracy compared to sham stimulation, and that these effects would be most pronounced in working memory manipulation conditions with the highest cognitive demand in both young and older adults. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied while participants were performing a delayed response alphabetization task with three individually-titrated levels of difficulty. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was identified by combining electric field modeling to individualized functional magnetic resonance imaging activation maps and was targeted during the experiment using stereotactic neuronavigation with real-time robotic guidance, allowing optimal coil placement during the stimulation. As no accuracy differences were found between young and older adults, the results from both groups were collapsed. Subsequent analyses revealed that active stimulation significantly increased accuracy relative to sham stimulation, but only for the hardest condition. These results point towards further investigation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for memory enhancement focusing on high difficulty conditions as those most likely to exhibit benefits.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0213707}, Key = {fds342307} } @article{fds359378, Author = {Beynel, L and Deng, L and Crowell, CA and Dannhauer, M and Palmer, H and Hilbig, S and Peterchev, AV and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, LG and Davis, SW}, Title = {Structural controllability predicts functional patterns and brain stimulation benefits associated with working memory}, Year = {2019}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/794388}, Abstract = {<h4>Summary</h4> The brain is an inherently dynamic system, and much work has focused on the ability to modify neural activity through both local perturbations and changes in the function of global network ensembles. Network controllability is a recent concept in network science that purports to predict the influence of individual cortical sites on global network states and state changes, thereby creating a unifying account of local influences on global brain dynamics. Here, we present an integrated set of multimodal brain–behavior relationships, acquired from functional magnetic resonance imaging during a transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention, that demonstrate how network controllability influences network function, as well as behavior. This work helps to outline a clear technique for integrating structural network topology and functional activity to predict the influence of a potential stimulation target on subsequent behaviors and prescribes next steps towards predicting neuromodulatory and behavioral responses after brain stimulation. <h4>Highlights</h4> - This study tested the strength of network controllability using fMRI and rTMS - Controllability correlates with functional modulation of working memory demand load - Controllability is also correlated with the memory improvement from applied rTMS - These findings link network control theory with physiology and behavior. <h4>In brief</h4> Beynel et al. show that the benefits of functionally targeted brain stimulation on working memory performance can be predicted by network control properties at the stimulated site. Structural controllability and functional activity independently predict this cognitive benefit. <h4>Author Contributions</h4> Conceptualization & Methodology: L.B, S.W.D., B.L., R.C., L.G.A.; Investigation: L.B., L.D., S.W.D., C.A.C., M.D., H.P., S.H.; Writing—Original Draft: L.B., L.D., S.W.D.; Writing—Review & Editing: L.B., L.D., S.W.D., L.G.A., A.V.P.; Funding Acquisition: S.W.D., R.C., B.L., S.H.L., A.V.P.; Resources: L.G.A., B.L., R.C.; Supervision: L.G.A., S.W.D.}, Doi = {10.1101/794388}, Key = {fds359378} } @article{fds344440, Author = {Davis, SW and Szymanski, A and Boms, H and Fink, T and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Cooperative contributions of structural and functional connectivity to successful memory in aging.}, Journal = {Netw Neurosci}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {173-194}, Year = {2019}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00064}, Abstract = {Understanding the precise relation between functional connectivity and structural (white matter) connectivity and how these relationships account for cognitive changes in older adults are major challenges for neuroscience. We investigate these issues using an approach in which structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to integrate functional and structural connectivity data from younger and older adults (n = 62), analyzed with a common framework based on regions connected by canonical tract groups (CTGs). CTGs (e.g., uncinate fasciculus) serve as a common currency between functional and structural connectivity matrices, and ensure equivalent sparsity in connectome information. We used this approach to investigate the neural mechanisms supporting memory for items and memory for associations, and how they are affected by healthy aging. We found that different structural and functional CTGs made independent contributions to source and item memory performance, suggesting that both forms of connectivity underlie age-related differences in specific forms of memory. Furthermore, the relationship between functional and structural connectivity was best explained by a general relationship between latent constructs-a relationship absent in any specific CTG group. These results provide insights into the relationship between structural and functional connectivity patterns, and elucidate their relative contribution to age-related differences in source memory performance.}, Doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00064}, Key = {fds344440} } @article{fds347789, Author = {Deng, L and Stanley, M and Monge, Z and Wing, E and Geib, B and Davis, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related compensatory reconfiguration of PFC connections during episodic memory retrieval}, Year = {2019}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/858357}, Abstract = {During demanding cognitive tasks, older adults (OAs) frequently show greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than younger adults (YAs). This age-related PFC activity increase is often associated with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting functional compensation. However, the brain is a complex network of interconnected regions, and it is unclear how network connectivity of PFC regions differs for OAs vs. YAs. To investigate this, we examined the age-related difference in functional brain network mediating episodic memory retrieval. YAs and OAs participants encoded and then recalled visual scenes, and age-related differences in network topology during memory retrieval were investigated as a function of memory performance. We measured both quantitative changes in functional integration and qualitative reconfiguration in connectivity patterns. The study yielded three main findings. First, PFC regions were more functionally integrated with the rest of the brain network in OAs. Critically, this age-related increase in PFC integration was associated with better retrieval performance. Second, PFC regions showed stronger performance-related reconfiguration of connectivity patterns in OAs. Finally, the magnitude of PFC reconfiguration increases in OAs tracked reconfiguration reductions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) – a core episodic memory region, suggesting that PFC connectivity in OAs may be compensating for MTL deficits.}, Doi = {10.1101/858357}, Key = {fds347789} } @article{fds340434, Author = {Davis, SW and Crowell, CA and Beynel, L and Deng, L and Lakhlani, D and Hilbig, SA and Lim, W and Nguyen, D and Peterchev, AV and Luber, BM and Lisanby, SH and Appelbaum, LG and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Complementary topology of maintenance and manipulation brain networks in working memory.}, Journal = {Sci Rep}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {17827}, Year = {2018}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35887-2}, Abstract = {Working memory (WM) is assumed to consist of a process that sustains memory representations in an active state (maintenance) and a process that operates on these activated representations (manipulation). We examined evidence for two distinct, concurrent cognitive functions supporting maintenance and manipulation abilities by testing brain activity as participants performed a WM alphabetization task. Maintenance was investigated by varying the number of letters held in WM and manipulation by varying the number of moves required to sort the list alphabetically. We found that both maintenance and manipulation demand had significant effects on behavior that were associated with different cortical regions: maintenance was associated with bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortex, and manipulation with right parietal activity, a link that is consistent with the role of parietal cortex in symbolic computations. Both structural and functional architecture of these systems suggested that these cognitive functions are supported by two dissociable brain networks. Critically, maintenance and manipulation functional networks became increasingly segregated with increasing demand, an effect that was positively associated with individual WM ability. These results provide evidence that network segregation may act as a protective mechanism to enable successful performance under increasing WM demand.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-35887-2}, Key = {fds340434} } @article{fds348993, Author = {Beynel, L and Davis, SW and Hilbig, S and Lim, W and Peterchev, AV and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, G and Lisanby, S and Luber, B}, Title = {Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Enhances Working Memory Performance in Younger and Older Adults}, Journal = {NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY}, Volume = {43}, Pages = {S78-S78}, Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP}, Year = {2018}, Month = {December}, Key = {fds348993} } @article{fds339748, Author = {Cabeza, R and Albert, M and Belleville, S and Craik, FIM and Duarte, A and Grady, CL and Lindenberger, U and Nyberg, L and Park, DC and Reuter-Lorenz, PA and Rugg, MD and Steffener, J and Rajah, MN}, Title = {Publisher Correction: Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing.}, Journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience}, Volume = {19}, Number = {12}, Pages = {772}, Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc}, Year = {2018}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0087-z}, Abstract = {In Figure 3b of the originally published article, the colours of the bars were incorrectly reversed. The bars shown in green should have been shown in blue to represent the findings from older adults, whereas the bars shown in blue should have been shown in green to represent the findings from young adults. This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. Images of the original figure are shown in the correction notice.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41583-018-0087-z}, Key = {fds339748} } @article{fds339518, Author = {Wang, W-C and Brashier, NM and Wing, EA and Marsh, EJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural basis of goal-driven changes in knowledge activation.}, Journal = {The European journal of neuroscience}, Volume = {48}, Number = {11}, Pages = {3389-3396}, Year = {2018}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14196}, Abstract = {Depending on a person's goals, different aspects of stored knowledge are accessed. Decades of behavioral work document the flexible use of knowledge, but little neuroimaging work speaks to these questions. We used representational similarity analysis to investigate whether the relationship between brain activity and semantic structure of statements varied in two tasks hypothesized to differ in the degree to which knowledge is accessed: judging truth (semantic task) and judging oldness (episodic task). During truth judgments, but not old/new recognition judgments, a left-lateralized network previously associated with semantic memory exhibited correlations with semantic structure. At a neural level, people activate knowledge representations in different ways when focused on different goals. The present results demonstrate the potential of multivariate approaches in characterizing knowledge storage and retrieval, as well as the ways that it shapes our understanding and long-term memory.}, Doi = {10.1111/ejn.14196}, Key = {fds339518} } @article{fds338000, Author = {Cabeza, R and Stanley, ML and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {Process-Specific Alliances (PSAs) in Cognitive Neuroscience.}, Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences}, Volume = {22}, Number = {11}, Pages = {996-1010}, Year = {2018}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.005}, Abstract = {Most cognitive neuroscience theories have focused on the functions of individual brain regions, but cognitive abilities depend also on functional interactions among multiple regions. Many recent studies on these interactions have examined large-scale, resting-state networks, but these networks are difficult to link to theories about specific cognitive processes. Cognitive theories are easier to link to the mini-networks we call process specific alliances (PSAs). A PSA is a small team of brain regions that rapidly assemble to mediate a cognitive process in response to task demands but quickly disassemble when the process is no longer needed. We compare PSAs to resting-state networks and to other connectivity-based, task-related networks, and we characterize the advantages and disadvantages of each type of network.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.005}, Key = {fds338000} } @article{fds339245, Author = {Cabeza, R and Albert, M and Belleville, S and Craik, FIM and Duarte, A and Grady, CL and Lindenberger, U and Nyberg, L and Park, DC and Reuter-Lorenz, PA and Rugg, MD and Steffener, J and Rajah, MN}, Title = {Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing.}, Journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience}, Volume = {19}, Number = {11}, Pages = {701-710}, Year = {2018}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2}, Abstract = {Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2}, Key = {fds339245} } @article{fds337616, Author = {Lighthall, NR and Pearson, JM and Huettel, SA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Feedback-Based Learning in Aging: Contributions and Trajectories of Change in Striatal and Hippocampal Systems.}, Journal = {J Neurosci}, Volume = {38}, Number = {39}, Pages = {8453-8462}, Year = {2018}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0769-18.2018}, Abstract = {The striatum supports learning from immediate feedback by coding prediction errors (PEs), whereas the hippocampus (HC) plays a parallel role in learning from delayed feedback. Both regions show evidence of decline in human aging, but behavioral research suggests greater decline in HC versus striatal functions. The present study included male and female humans and used fMRI to examine younger and older adults' brain activation patterns during a learning task with choice feedback presented immediately or after a brief delay. Participants then completed a surprise memory task that tested their recognition of trial-unique feedback stimuli, followed by assessments of postlearning cue preference, outcome probability awareness, and willingness to pay. The study yielded three main findings. First, behavioral measures indicated similar rates of learning in younger and older adults across conditions, but postlearning measures indicated impairment in older adults' ability to subsequently apply learning to discriminate between cues. Second, PE signals in the striatum were greater for immediate versus delayed feedback in both age groups, but PE signals in the HC were greater for delayed versus immediate feedback only in younger adults. Third, unlike younger adults, older adults failed to exhibit enhanced episodic memory for outcome stimuli in the delayed-feedback condition. Together, these findings indicate that HC circuits supporting learning and memory decline more than striatal circuits in healthy aging, which suggests that declines in HC learning signals may be an important predictor of deficits in learning-dependent economic decisions among older adults.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus (HC) and striatum play distinct and critical roles in learning. Substantial research suggests that age-related decline in learning supported by the HC outpaces decline in learning supported by the striatum; however, such inferences have been drawn by comparing performance in tasks with fundamentally different structures. The present study overcomes this obstacle by implementing a single fMRI-learning paradigm with a subtle variation in feedback timing to examine differential age effects on memory supported by the HC and striatum. Our results provide converging behavioral and brain-imaging evidence showing that HC circuits supporting learning and memory decline more than striatal circuits in healthy aging and that declines in HC learning signals may predict early deficits in learning-dependent decisions among older adults.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0769-18.2018}, Key = {fds337616} } @article{fds335638, Author = {Monge, ZA and Stanley, ML and Geib, BR and Davis, SW and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Functional networks underlying item and source memory: shared and distinct network components and age-related differences.}, Journal = {Neurobiol Aging}, Volume = {69}, Pages = {140-150}, Year = {2018}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.016}, Abstract = {Although the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) are critical for both item memory (IM) and source memory (SM), the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex play a greater role during SM than IM. It is unclear, however, how these differences translate into shared and distinct IM versus SM network components and how these network components vary with age. Within a sample of younger adults (YAs; n = 15, Mage = 19.5 years) and older adults (OAs; n = 40, Mage = 68.6 years), we investigated the functional networks underlying IM and SM. Before functional MRI scanning, participants encoded nouns while making either pleasantness or size judgments. During functional MRI scanning, participants completed IM and SM retrieval tasks. We found that MTL nodes were similarly interconnected among each other during both IM and SM (shared network components) but maintained more intermodule connections during SM (distinct network components). Also, during SM, OAs (compared to YAs) had MTL nodes with more widespread connections. These findings provide a novel viewpoint on neural mechanism differences underlying IM versus SM in YAs and OAs.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.016}, Key = {fds335638} } @article{fds337618, Author = {Martinikorena, I and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R and Porta, S}, Title = {Introducing I2head database}, Journal = {Proceedings - PETMEI 2018: Pervasive Eye Tracking and Mobile Eye-Based Interaction}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, Year = {2018}, Month = {June}, ISBN = {9781450357890}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3208031.3208033}, Abstract = {I2Head database has been created with the aim to become an optimal reference for low cost gaze estimation. It exhibits the following outstanding characteristics: it takes into account key aspects of low resolution eye tracking technology; it combines images of users gazing at different grids of points from alternative positions with registers of user’s head position and it provides calibration information of the camera and a simple 3D head model for each user. Hardware used to build the database includes a 6D magnetic sensor and a webcam. A careful calibration method between the sensor and the camera has been developed to guarantee the accuracy of the data. Different sessions have been recorded for each user including not only static head scenarios but also controlled displacements and even free head movements. The database is an outstanding framework to test both gaze estimation algorithms and head pose estimation methods.}, Doi = {10.1145/3208031.3208033}, Key = {fds337618} } @article{fds337619, Author = {Larumbe, A and Cabeza, R and Villanueva, A}, Title = {Supervised Descent Method (SDM) applied to accurate pupil detection in off-the-shelf eye tracking systems}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, Year = {2018}, Month = {June}, ISBN = {9781450357067}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3204493.3204551}, Abstract = {The precise detection of pupil/iris center is key to estimate gaze accurately. This fact becomes specially challenging in low cost frameworks in which the algorithms employed for high performance systems fail. In the last years an outstanding effort has been made in order to apply training-based methods to low resolution images. In this paper, Supervised Descent Method (SDM) is applied to GI4E database. The 2D landmarks employed for training are the corners of the eyes and the pupil centers. In order to validate the algorithm proposed, a cross validation procedure is performed. The strategy employed for the training allows us to affirm that our method can potentially outperform the state of the art algorithms applied to the same dataset in terms of 2D accuracy. The promising results encourage to carry on in the study of training-based methods for eye tracking.}, Doi = {10.1145/3204493.3204551}, Key = {fds337619} } @article{fds335639, Author = {Wang, W-C and Brashier, NM and Wing, EA and Marsh, EJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Knowledge supports memory retrieval through familiarity, not recollection.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {113}, Pages = {14-21}, Year = {2018}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.019}, Abstract = {Semantic memory, or general knowledge of the world, guides learning and supports the formation and retrieval of new episodic memories. Behavioral evidence suggests that this knowledge effect is supported by recollection-a more controlled form of memory retrieval generally accompanied by contextual details-to a greater degree than familiarity-a more automatic form of memory retrieval generally absent of contextual details. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the role that regions associated with recollection and familiarity play in retrieving recent instances of known (e.g., The Summer Olympic Games are held four years apart) and unknown (e.g., A flaky deposit found in port bottles is beeswing) statements. Our results revealed a surprising pattern: Episodic retrieval of known statements recruited regions associated with familiarity, but not recollection. Instead, retrieval of unknown statements recruited regions associated with recollection. These data, in combination with quicker reaction times for the retrieval of known than unknown statements, suggest that known statements can be successfully retrieved on the basis of familiarity, whereas unknown statements were retrieved on the basis of recollection. Our results provide insight into how knowledge influences episodic retrieval and demonstrate the role of neuroimaging in providing insights into cognitive processes in the absence of explicit behavioral responses.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.019}, Key = {fds335639} } @article{fds332826, Author = {Wing, EA and Iyengar, V and Hess, TM and LaBar, KS and Huettel, SA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural mechanisms underlying subsequent memory for personal beliefs:An fMRI study.}, Journal = {Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Pages = {216-231}, Year = {2018}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-0563-y}, Abstract = {Many fMRI studies have examined the neural mechanisms supporting emotional memory for stimuli that generate emotion rather automatically (e.g., a picture of a dangerous animal or of appetizing food). However, far fewer studies have examined how memory is influenced by emotion related to social and political issues (e.g., a proposal for large changes in taxation policy), which clearly vary across individuals. In order to investigate the neural substrates of affective and mnemonic processes associated with personal opinions, we employed an fMRI task wherein participants rated the intensity of agreement/disagreement to sociopolitical belief statements paired with neural face pictures. Following the rating phase, participants performed an associative recognition test in which they distinguished identical versus recombined face-statement pairs. The study yielded three main findings: behaviorally, the intensity of agreement ratings was linked to greater subjective emotional arousal as well as enhanced high-confidence subsequent memory. Neurally, statements that elicited strong (vs. weak) agreement or disagreement were associated with greater activation of the amygdala. Finally, a subsequent memory analysis showed that the behavioral memory advantage for statements generating stronger ratings was dependent on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Together, these results both underscore consistencies in neural systems supporting emotional arousal and suggest a modulation of arousal-related encoding mechanisms when emotion is contingent on referencing personal beliefs.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13415-018-0563-y}, Key = {fds332826} } @article{fds345029, Author = {Wang, W-C and Wing, E and Murphy, DLK and Luber, B and Lisanby, S and Cabeza, R and Davis, S}, Title = {Excitatory TMS Boosts Memory Representations}, Year = {2018}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/279547}, Abstract = {Abstract Brain stimulation technologies have seen increasing application in basic science investigations, specifically towards the goal of improving memory functioning. However, proposals concerning the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement often rely on simplified notions of excitation and, most applications examining the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on functional neuroimaging measures have been limited to univariate analyses of brain activity. We present here analyses using representational similarity analysis (RSA) and encoding-retrieval similarity (ERS) analysis in order to quantify the effect of TMS on memory representations. To test whether an increase in local excitability in PFC can have measurable influences on upstream representations in earlier temporal memory regions, we compared 1Hz and 5Hz stimulation to the left dorsolateral PFC. We found that 10 minutes of 5Hz rTMS, relative to 1Hz, had multiple effects on neural representations: 1) greater RSA during both encoding and retrieval, 2) greater ERS across all items, and, critically, 3) increasing ERS in MTL with increasing univariate activity in DLPFC, and greater functional connectivity for hits than misses between these regions. These results provide the first evidence of rTMS enhancing semantic representations and strengthen the idea that rTMS may affect the reinstatement of previously experienced events in upstream regions.}, Doi = {10.1101/279547}, Key = {fds345029} } @article{fds327833, Author = {Monge, ZA and Wing, EA and Stokes, J and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Search and recovery of autobiographical and laboratory memories: Shared and distinct neural components.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {110}, Pages = {44-54}, Year = {2018}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.030}, Abstract = {Functional neuroimaging evidence suggests that there are differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory for laboratory stimuli (laboratory memory) and for events from one's own life (autobiographical memory). However, this evidence is scarce and often confounded with differences in memory testing procedures. Here, we directly compared the neural mechanisms underlying the search and recovery of autobiographical and laboratory memories while minimizing testing differences. Before scanning, participants completed a laboratory memory encoding task in which they studied four-word "chains" spread across three word pairs. During scanning, participants completed a laboratory memory retrieval task, in which they recalled the word chains, and an autobiographical memory retrieval task, in which they recalled specific personal events associated with word cues. Importantly, response times were similar in the two tasks, allowing for a direct comparison of the activation time courses. We found that during memory search (searching for the memory target), similar brain regions were activated during both the autobiographical and laboratory tasks, whereas during memory recovery (accessing the memory traces; i.e., ecphory), clear differences emerged: regions of the default mode network (DMN) were activated greater during autobiographical than laboratory memory, whereas the bilateral superior parietal lobules were activated greater during laboratory than autobiographical memory. Also, multivariate functional connectivity analyses revealed that regardless of memory stage, the DMN and ventral attention network exhibited a more integrated topology in the functional network underlying autobiographical (vs. laboratory) memory retrieval, whereas the fronto-parietal task control network exhibited a more integrated topology in the functional network underlying laboratory (vs. autobiographical) memory retrieval. These findings further characterize the shared and distinct neural components underlying autobiographical and laboratory memories, and suggest that differences in autobiographical vs. laboratory memory brain activation previously reported in the literature reflect memory recovery rather than search differences.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.030}, Key = {fds327833} } @article{fds333712, Author = {Fandakova, Y and Sander, MC and Grandy, TH and Cabeza, R and Werkle-Bergner, M and Shing, YL}, Title = {Age differences in false memory: The importance of retrieval monitoring processes and their modulation by memory quality.}, Journal = {Psychology and aging}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {119-133}, Year = {2018}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000212}, Abstract = {Older adults are more likely than younger adults to falsely recall past episodes that occurred differently or not at all. We examined whether older adults' propensity for false associative memory is related to declines in postretrieval monitoring processes and their modulation with varying memory representations. Younger (N = 20) and older adults (N = 32) studied and relearned unrelated scene-word pairs, followed by a final cued recall that was used to distribute the pairs for an associative recognition test 24 hours later. This procedure allowed individualized formation of rearranged pairs that were made up of elements of pairs that were correctly recalled in the final cued recall ("high-quality" pairs), and of pairs that were not correctly recalled ("low-quality" pairs). Both age groups falsely recognized more low-quality than high-quality rearranged pairs, with a less pronounced reduction in false alarms to high-quality pairs in older adults. In younger adults, cingulo-opercular activity was enhanced for false alarms and for low-quality correct rejections, consistent with its role in postretrieval monitoring. Older adults did not show such modulated recruitment, suggesting deficits in their selective engagement of monitoring processes given variability in the fidelity of memory representations. There were no age differences in hippocampal activity, which was higher for high-quality than low-quality correct rejections in both age groups. These results demonstrate that the engagement of cingulo-opercular monitoring mechanisms varies with memory representation quality and contributes to age-related deficits in false associative memory. (PsycINFO Database Record}, Doi = {10.1037/pag0000212}, Key = {fds333712} } @article{fds330539, Author = {Browndyke, JN and Berger, M and Smith, PJ and Harshbarger, TB and Monge, ZA and Panchal, V and Bisanar, TL and Glower, DD and Alexander, JH and Cabeza, R and Welsh-Bohmer, K and Newman, MF and Mathew, JP and Duke Neurologic Outcomes Research Group (NORG)}, Title = {Task-related changes in degree centrality and local coherence of the posterior cingulate cortex after major cardiac surgery in older adults.}, Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {985-1003}, Year = {2018}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23898}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Older adults often display postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) after surgery, yet it is unclear to what extent functional connectivity (FC) alterations may underlie these deficits. We examined for postoperative voxel-wise FC changes in response to increased working memory load demands in cardiac surgery patients and nonsurgical controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Older cardiac surgery patients (n = 25) completed a verbal N-back working memory task during MRI scanning and cognitive testing before and 6 weeks after surgery; nonsurgical controls with cardiac disease (n = 26) underwent these assessments at identical time intervals. We measured postoperative changes in degree centrality, the number of edges attached to a brain node, and local coherence, the temporal homogeneity of regional functional correlations, using voxel-wise graph theory-based FC metrics. Group × time differences were evaluated in these FC metrics associated with increased N-back working memory load (2-back > 1-back), using a two-stage partitioned variance, mixed ANCOVA. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS: Cardiac surgery patients demonstrated postoperative working memory load-related degree centrality increases in the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC; p < .001, cluster p-FWE < .05). The dPCC also showed a postoperative increase in working memory load-associated local coherence (p < .001, cluster p-FWE < .05). dPCC degree centrality and local coherence increases were inversely associated with global cognitive change in surgery patients (p < .01), but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac surgery patients showed postoperative increases in working memory load-associated degree centrality and local coherence of the dPCC that were inversely associated with postoperative global cognitive outcomes and independent of perioperative cerebrovascular damage.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.23898}, Key = {fds330539} } @article{fds359379, Author = {Beynel, L and Davis, SW and Crowell, CA and Hilbig, SA and Lim, W and Nguyen, D and Peterchev, AV and Luber, B and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, LG}, Title = {A systematic study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance working memory manipulation abilities}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/278655}, Abstract = {A core element of human working memory (WM) is the ability to perform mental operations on information that is stored in a flexible, limited capacity buffer. Given the profound importance of such WM manipulation (WM-M) abilities, there is a concerted effort aimed at developing approaches to improve them. Past research has identified neural substrates of WM-M centered in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), thereby providing a plausible and accessible target for noninvasive neuromodulatory stimulation that can be used to alter cortical excitability and potentially lead to facilitation of WM-M. In the current study, 5Hz online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied over the left DLPFC, was used to test the hypothesis that active rTMS would lead to significant improvements in memory recall accuracy compared to sham stimulation, and that these effects would be most pronounced in the WM-M conditions with the highest cognitive demand (registered Clinical Trial: # NCT02767323 ). Participants performed a delayed response alphabetization task with three individually-titrated levels of difficulty during active and sham rTMS. Analyses revealed that active rTMS led to numerically greater accuracy relative to sham stimulation for the hardest condition; however, this effect did not survive Bonferroni correction over all task conditions. Despite the lack of robust, study-wise significant effects, when considered in isolation, the magnitude of behavioral improvement in the hardest condition was negatively correlated with parametric difficulty-related fMRI activity in the targeted brain region, suggesting that individuals with less activation benefit more from rTMS. The present findings therefore suggest evidence towards the hypothesis that active rTMS can enhance performance during difficult memory manipulation conditions; however, firm conclusions cannot be drawn given the lack of overall significant effects. These findings are discussed in the context of individualized targeting and other factors that might moderate rTMS effects.}, Doi = {10.1101/278655}, Key = {fds359379} } @article{fds333223, Author = {Davis, SW and Wing, EA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Contributions of the ventral parietal cortex to declarative memory.}, Journal = {Handb Clin Neurol}, Volume = {151}, Pages = {525-553}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63622-5.00027-9}, Abstract = {Our understanding of the role that ventral parietal cortex (VPC) plays in declarative memory processes has changed dramatically over the last two decades. The goal of this chapter is to provide a concise overview data concerning VPC involvement in episodic memory (EM), and to connect this data to several key theories of VPC function. We review evidence from five methodological domains in cognitive neuroscience: neuropsychological lesion evidence, univariate activation studies, multivoxel pattern analyses, functional connectivity studies, and brain stimulation experiments. We discuss how the body of empirical work bears on putative mnemonic functions of VPC related to attention and stimulus representation, and detail the strengths and weaknesses of related theories. Lastly, we identify several broad conceptual questions raised by recent investigations, and outline directions for future research.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-63622-5.00027-9}, Key = {fds333223} } @article{fds337615, Author = {Wang, W-C and Wing, EA and Murphy, DLK and Luber, BM and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW}, Title = {Excitatory TMS modulates memory representations.}, Journal = {Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {9}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {151-166}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2018.1512482}, Abstract = {Brain stimulation technologies have seen increasing application in basic science investigations, specifically toward the goal of improving memory function. However, proposals concerning the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement often rely on simplified notions of excitation. As a result, most applications examining the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on functional neuroimaging measures have been limited to univariate analyses of brain activity. We present here analyses using representational similarity analysis (RSA) and encoding-retrieval similarity (ERS) analysis to quantify the effect of TMS on memory representations. To test whether an increase in local excitability in PFC can have measurable influences on upstream representations in earlier temporal memory regions, we compared 1 and 5Hz stimulation to the left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). We found that 5Hz rTMS, relative to 1Hz, had multiple effects on neural representations: 1) greater representational similarity during both encoding and retrieval in ventral stream regions, 2) greater ERS in the hippocampus, and, critically, 3) increasing ERS in MTL was correlated with increasing univariate activity in DLPFC, and greater functional connectivity for hits than misses between these regions. These results provide the first evidence of rTMS modulating semantic representations and strengthen the idea that rTMS may affect the reinstatement of previously experienced events in upstream regions.}, Doi = {10.1080/17588928.2018.1512482}, Key = {fds337615} } @article{fds329045, Author = {Davis, SW and Luber, B and Murphy, DLK and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Frequency-specific neuromodulation of local and distant connectivity in aging and episodic memory function.}, Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp}, Volume = {38}, Number = {12}, Pages = {5987-6004}, Year = {2017}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23803}, Abstract = {A growing literature has focused on the brain's ability to augment processing in local regions by recruiting distant communities of neurons in response to neural decline or insult. In particular, both younger and older adult populations recruit bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a means of compensating for increasing neural effort to maintain successful cognitive function. However, it remains unclear how local changes in neural activity affect the recruitment of this adaptive mechanism. To address this problem, we combined graph theoretical measures from functional MRI with diffusion weighted imaging and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to resolve a central hypothesis: how do aged brains flexibly adapt to local changes in cortical activity? Specifically, we applied neuromodulation to increase or decrease local activity in a cortical region supporting successful memory encoding (left dorsolateral PFC or DLPFC) using 5 or 1 Hz rTMS, respectively. We then assessed a region's local within-module degree, or the distributed between-module degree (BMD) between distant cortical communities. We predicted that (1) local stimulation-related deficits may be counteracted by boosting BMD between bilateral PFC, and that this effect should be (2) positively correlated with structural connectivity. Both predictions were confirmed; 5 Hz rTMS increased local success-related activity and local increases in PFC connectivity, while 1 Hz rTMS decreases local activity and triggered a more distributed pattern of bilateral PFC connectivity to compensate for this local inhibitory effect. These results provide an integrated, causal explanation for the network interactions associated with successful memory encoding in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5987-6004, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.23803}, Key = {fds329045} } @article{fds337621, Author = {Beynel, L and Davis, SW and Crowell, C and Hilbig, SA and Lim, W and Nguyen, D and Peterchev, AV and Lisanby, SH and Cabeza, R and Appelbaum, G and Luber, B}, Title = {fMRI- and Computationally-Guided rTMS Enhances Performance in Working Memory Manipulation}, Journal = {NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY}, Volume = {42}, Pages = {S114-S115}, Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP}, Year = {2017}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds337621} } @article{fds326734, Author = {Brashier, NM and Umanath, S and Cabeza, R and Marsh, EJ}, Title = {Competing cues: Older adults rely on knowledge in the face of fluency.}, Journal = {Psychology and aging}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {331-337}, Year = {2017}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000156}, Abstract = {Consumers regularly encounter repeated false claims in political and marketing campaigns, but very little empirical work addresses their impact among older adults. Repeated statements feel easier to process, and thus more truthful, than new ones (i.e., illusory truth). When judging truth, older adults' accumulated general knowledge may offset this perception of fluency. In two experiments, participants read statements that contradicted information stored in memory; a post-experimental knowledge check confirmed what individual participants knew. Unlike young adults, older adults exhibited illusory truth only when they lacked knowledge about claims. This interaction between knowledge and fluency extends dual-process theories of aging. (PsycINFO Database Record}, Doi = {10.1037/pag0000156}, Key = {fds326734} } @article{fds323839, Author = {Geib, BR and Stanley, ML and Dennis, NA and Woldorff, MG and Cabeza, R}, Title = {From hippocampus to whole-brain: The role of integrative processing in episodic memory retrieval.}, Journal = {Hum Brain Mapp}, Volume = {38}, Number = {4}, Pages = {2242-2259}, Year = {2017}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23518}, Abstract = {Multivariate functional connectivity analyses of neuroimaging data have revealed the importance of complex, distributed interactions between disparate yet interdependent brain regions. Recent work has shown that topological properties of functional brain networks are associated with individual and group differences in cognitive performance, including in episodic memory. After constructing functional whole-brain networks derived from an event-related fMRI study of memory retrieval, we examined differences in functional brain network architecture between forgotten and remembered words. This study yielded three main findings. First, graph theory analyses showed that successfully remembering compared to forgetting was associated with significant changes in the connectivity profile of the left hippocampus and a corresponding increase in efficient communication with the rest of the brain. Second, bivariate functional connectivity analyses indicated stronger interactions between the left hippocampus and a retrieval assembly for remembered versus forgotten items. This assembly included the left precuneus, left caudate, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Integrative properties of the retrieval assembly were greater for remembered than forgotten items. Third, whole-brain modularity analyses revealed that successful memory retrieval was marginally significantly associated with a less segregated modular architecture in the network. The magnitude of the decreases in modularity between remembered and forgotten conditions was related to memory performance. These findings indicate that increases in integrative properties at the nodal, retrieval assembly, and whole-brain topological levels facilitate memory retrieval, while also underscoring the potential of multivariate brain connectivity approaches for providing valuable new insights into the neural bases of memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2242-2259, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.23518}, Key = {fds323839} } @article{fds332754, Author = {Geib, BR and Stanley, ML and Wing, EA and Laurienti, PJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Hippocampal Contributions to the Large-Scale Episodic Memory Network Predict Vivid Visual Memories.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {27}, Number = {1}, Pages = {680-693}, Year = {2017}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv272}, Abstract = {A common approach in memory research is to isolate the function(s) of individual brain regions, such as the hippocampus, without addressing how those regions interact with the larger network. To investigate the properties of the hippocampus embedded within large-scale networks, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory to characterize complex hippocampal interactions during the active retrieval of vivid versus dim visual memories. The study yielded 4 main findings. First, the right hippocampus displayed greater communication efficiency with the network (shorter path length) and became a more convergent structure for information integration (higher centrality measures) for vivid than dim memories. Second, vivid minus dim differences in our graph theory measures of interest were greater in magnitude for the right hippocampus than for any other region in the 90-region network. Moreover, the right hippocampus significantly reorganized its set of direct connections from dim to vivid memory retrieval. Finally, beyond the hippocampus, communication throughout the whole-brain network was more efficient (shorter global path length) for vivid than dim memories. In sum, our findings illustrate how multivariate network analyses can be used to investigate the roles of specific regions within the large-scale network, while also accounting for global network changes.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhv272}, Key = {fds332754} } @article{fds320544, Author = {Davis, SW and Stanley, ML and Moscovitch, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Resting-state networks do not determine cognitive function networks: a commentary on Campbell and Schacter (2016).}, Journal = {Lang Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {32}, Number = {6}, Pages = {669-673}, Year = {2017}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2016.1252847}, Doi = {10.1080/23273798.2016.1252847}, Key = {fds320544} } @article{fds314805, Author = {Wang, W-C and Brashier, NM and Wing, EA and Marsh, EJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {On Known Unknowns: Fluency and the Neural Mechanisms of Illusory Truth.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {28}, Number = {5}, Pages = {739-746}, Year = {2016}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00923}, Abstract = {The "illusory truth" effect refers to the phenomenon whereby repetition of a statement increases its likelihood of being judged true. This phenomenon has important implications for how we come to believe oft-repeated information that may be misleading or unknown. Behavioral evidence indicates that fluency, the subjective ease experienced while processing information, underlies this effect. This suggests that illusory truth should be mediated by brain regions previously linked to fluency, such as the perirhinal cortex (PRC). To investigate this possibility, we scanned participants with fMRI while they rated the truth of unknown statements, half of which were presented earlier (i.e., repeated). The only brain region that showed an interaction between repetition and ratings of perceived truth was PRC, where activity increased with truth ratings for repeated, but not for new, statements. This finding supports the hypothesis that illusory truth is mediated by a fluency mechanism and further strengthens the link between PRC and fluency.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00923}, Key = {fds314805} } @article{fds315368, Author = {Pais-Vieira, C and Wing, EA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The influence of self-awareness on emotional memory formation: an fMRI study.}, Journal = {Social cognitive and affective neuroscience}, Volume = {11}, Number = {4}, Pages = {580-592}, Year = {2016}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {1749-5016}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv141}, Abstract = {Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies of emotional perception shows that when attention is focused on external features of emotional stimuli (external perceptual orienting--EPO), the amygdala is primarily engaged, but when attention is turned inwards towards one's own emotional state (interoceptive self-orienting--ISO), regions of the salience network, such as the anterior insula (AI) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), also play a major role. Yet, it is unknown if ISO boosts the contributions of AI and dACC not only to emotional 'perception' but also to emotional 'memory'. To investigate this issue, participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing emotional and neutral pictures under ISO or EPO, and memory was tested several days later. The study yielded three main findings: (i) emotion boosted perception-related activity in the amygdala during both ISO and EPO and in the right AI exclusively during ISO; (ii) emotion augmented activity predicting subsequent memory in AI and dACC during ISO but not during EPO and (iii) high confidence memory was associated with increased amygdala-dACC connectivity, selectively for ISO encoding. These findings show, for the first time, that ISO promotes emotional memory formation via regions associated with interoceptive awareness of emotional experience, such as AI and dACC.}, Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsv141}, Key = {fds315368} } @article{fds313759, Author = {Moscovitch, M and Cabeza, R and Winocur, G and Nadel, L}, Title = {Episodic Memory and Beyond: The Hippocampus and Neocortex in Transformation.}, Journal = {Annual review of psychology}, Volume = {67}, Pages = {105-134}, Year = {2016}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0066-4308}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733}, Abstract = {The last decade has seen dramatic technological and conceptual changes in research on episodic memory and the brain. New technologies, and increased use of more naturalistic observations, have enabled investigators to delve deeply into the structures that mediate episodic memory, particularly the hippocampus, and to track functional and structural interactions among brain regions that support it. Conceptually, episodic memory is increasingly being viewed as subject to lifelong transformations that are reflected in the neural substrates that mediate it. In keeping with this dynamic perspective, research on episodic memory (and the hippocampus) has infiltrated domains, from perception to language and from empathy to problem solving, that were once considered outside its boundaries. Using the component process model as a framework, and focusing on the hippocampus, its subfields, and specialization along its longitudinal axis, along with its interaction with other brain regions, we consider these new developments and their implications for the organization of episodic memory and its contribution to functions in other domains.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733}, Key = {fds313759} } @article{fds345030, Author = {Davis, S and Luber, B and Murphy, D and Lisanby, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Frequency-specific neuromodulation of local and distant connectivity in aging & episodic memory function}, Year = {2016}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/061267}, Abstract = {A growing literature has focused on the brain’s ability to augment processing in local regions by recruiting distant communities of neurons in response to neural decline or insult. In particular, both younger and older adult populations recruit bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a means of compensating for increasing neural effort to maintain successful cognitive function. However, it remains unclear how local changes in neural activity affect the recruitment of this adaptive mechanism. To address this problem, we combined graph theoretical measures from functional MRI (fMRI) with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to resolve a central hypothesis: how do aged brains flexibly adapt to local changes in cortical activity? Specifically, we applied neuromodulation to increase or decrease local activity in a cortical region supporting successful memory encoding (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or DLPFC) using 5Hz or 1Hz rTMS, respectively. We then assessed a region’s local within-module degree (WMD), or the distributed between-module degree (BMD) between distant cortical communities. We predicted that (1) local stimulation-related deficits may be counteracted by boosting BMD between bilateral PFC, and that this effect should be (2) positively correlated with structural connectivity. Both predictions were confirmed; 5Hz rTMS increased local success-related activity and local increases in PFC connectivity, while 1Hz rTMS decreases local activity and triggered a more distributed pattern of bilateral PFC connectivity to compensate for this local inhibitory effect. These results provide an integrated, causal explanation for the network interactions associated with successful memory encoding in older adults.}, Doi = {10.1101/061267}, Key = {fds345030} } @article{fds250976, Author = {Clifford, S and Iyengar, V and Cabeza, R and Sinnott-Armstrong, W}, Title = {Moral foundations vignettes: a standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory.}, Journal = {Behavior research methods}, Volume = {47}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1178-1198}, Year = {2015}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1554-351X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0551-2}, Abstract = {Research on the emotional, cognitive, and social determinants of moral judgment has surged in recent years. The development of moral foundations theory (MFT) has played an important role, demonstrating the breadth of morality. Moral psychology has responded by investigating how different domains of moral judgment are shaped by a variety of psychological factors. Yet, the discipline lacks a validated set of moral violations that span the moral domain, creating a barrier to investigating influences on judgment and how their neural bases might vary across the moral domain. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by developing and validating a large set of moral foundations vignettes (MFVs). Each vignette depicts a behavior violating a particular moral foundation and not others. The vignettes are controlled on many dimensions including syntactic structure and complexity making them suitable for neuroimaging research. We demonstrate the validity of our vignettes by examining respondents' classifications of moral violations, conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and demonstrating the correspondence between the extracted factors and existing measures of the moral foundations. We expect that the MFVs will be beneficial for a wide variety of behavioral and neuroimaging investigations of moral cognition.}, Doi = {10.3758/s13428-014-0551-2}, Key = {fds250976} } @article{fds250980, Author = {Wang, W-C and Dew, ITZ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related differences in medial temporal lobe involvement during conceptual fluency.}, Journal = {Brain research}, Volume = {1612}, Pages = {48-58}, Year = {2015}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0006-8993}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.061}, Abstract = {Not all memory processes are equally affected by aging. A widely accepted hypothesis is that older adults rely more on familiarity-based processing, typically linked with the perirhinal cortex (PRC), in the context of impaired recollection, linked with the hippocampus (HC). However, according to the dedifferentiation hypothesis, healthy aging reduces the specialization of MTL memory subregions so that they may mediate different memory processes than in young adults. Using fMRI, we tested this possibility using a conceptual fluency manipulation known to induce familiarity-related PRC activity. The study yielded two main findings. First, although fluency equivalently affected PRC in both young (18-28; N=14) and older (62-80; N=15) adults, it also uniquely affected HC activity in older adults. Second, the fluency manipulation reduced functional connectivity between HC and PRC in young adults, but it increased it in older adults. Taken together, the results suggest that aging may result in reduced specialization of the HC for recollection, such that the HC may be recruited when fluency increases familiarity-based responding. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Memory & Aging.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.061}, Key = {fds250980} } @article{fds250968, Author = {Davis, SW and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Cross-hemispheric collaboration and segregation associated with task difficulty as revealed by structural and functional connectivity.}, Journal = {J Neurosci}, Volume = {35}, Number = {21}, Pages = {8191-8200}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0270-6474}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10282 Duke open access}, Abstract = {Although it is known that brain regions in one hemisphere may interact very closely with their corresponding contralateral regions (collaboration) or operate relatively independent of them (segregation), the specific brain regions (where) and conditions (how) associated with collaboration or segregation are largely unknown. We investigated these issues using a split field-matching task in which participants matched the meaning of words or the visual features of faces presented to the same (unilateral) or to different (bilateral) visual fields. Matching difficulty was manipulated by varying the semantic similarity of words or the visual similarity of faces. We assessed the white matter using the fractional anisotropy (FA) measure provided by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cross-hemispheric communication in terms of fMRI-based connectivity between homotopic pairs of cortical regions. For both perceptual and semantic matching, bilateral trials became faster than unilateral trials as difficulty increased (bilateral processing advantage, BPA). The study yielded three novel findings. First, whereas FA in anterior corpus callosum (genu) correlated with word-matching BPA, FA in posterior corpus callosum (splenium-occipital) correlated with face-matching BPA. Second, as matching difficulty intensified, cross-hemispheric functional connectivity (CFC) increased in domain-general frontopolar cortex (for both word and face matching) but decreased in domain-specific ventral temporal lobe regions (temporal pole for word matching and fusiform gyrus for face matching). Last, a mediation analysis linking DTI and fMRI data showed that CFC mediated the effect of callosal FA on BPA. These findings clarify the mechanisms by which the hemispheres interact to perform complex cognitive tasks.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0464-15.2015}, Key = {fds250968} } @article{fds250969, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Iyengar, V and Davis, SW and Eklund, K and Hayes, SM and Cabeza, RE}, Title = {Less wiring, more firing: low-performing older adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {25}, Number = {4}, Pages = {983-990}, Year = {2015}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {1047-3211}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/10281 Duke open access}, Abstract = {The reliable neuroimaging finding that older adults often show greater activity (over-recruitment) than younger adults is typically attributed to compensation. Yet, the neural mechanisms of over-recruitment in older adults (OAs) are largely unknown. Rodent electrophysiology studies have shown that as number of afferent fibers within a circuit decreases with age, the fibers that remain show higher synaptic field potentials (less wiring, more firing). Extrapolating to system-level measures in humans, we proposed and tested the hypothesis that greater activity in OAs compensates for impaired white-matter connectivity. Using a neuropsychological test battery, we measured individual differences in executive functions associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and memory functions associated with the medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared activity for successful versus unsuccessful trials during a source memory task. Finally, we measured white-matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging. The study yielded 3 main findings. First, low-executive OAs showed greater success-related activity in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs showed greater success-related activity in the MTLs. Second, low-executive OAs displayed white-matter deficits in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs displayed white-matter deficits in the MTLs. Finally, in both prefrontal and MTL regions, white-matter decline and success-related activations occurred in close proximity and were negatively correlated. This finding supports the less-wiring-more-firing hypothesis, which provides a testable account of compensatory over-recruitment in OAs.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bht289}, Key = {fds250969} } @article{fds250979, Author = {Wing, EA and Ritchey, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Reinstatement of individual past events revealed by the similarity of distributed activation patterns during encoding and retrieval.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {27}, Number = {4}, Pages = {679-691}, Year = {2015}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00740}, Abstract = {Neurobiological memory models assume memory traces are stored in neocortex, with pointers in the hippocampus, and are then reactivated during retrieval, yielding the experience of remembering. Whereas most prior neuroimaging studies on reactivation have focused on the reactivation of sets or categories of items, the current study sought to identify cortical patterns pertaining to memory for individual scenes. During encoding, participants viewed pictures of scenes paired with matching labels (e.g., "barn," "tunnel"), and, during retrieval, they recalled the scenes in response to the labels and rated the quality of their visual memories. Using representational similarity analyses, we interrogated the similarity between activation patterns during encoding and retrieval both at the item level (individual scenes) and the set level (all scenes). The study yielded four main findings. First, in occipitotemporal cortex, memory success increased with encoding-retrieval similarity (ERS) at the item level but not at the set level, indicating the reactivation of individual scenes. Second, in ventrolateral pFC, memory increased with ERS for both item and set levels, indicating the recapitulation of memory processes that benefit encoding and retrieval of all scenes. Third, in retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex, ERS was sensitive to individual scene information irrespective of memory success, suggesting automatic activation of scene contexts. Finally, consistent with neurobiological models, hippocampal activity during encoding predicted the subsequent reactivation of individual items. These findings show the promise of studying memory with greater specificity by isolating individual mnemonic representations and determining their relationship to factors like the detail with which past events are remembered.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00740}, Key = {fds250979} } @article{fds250981, Author = {Madden, DJ and Parks, EL and Davis, SW and Diaz, MT and Potter, GG and Chou, Y-H and Chen, N-K and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age mediation of frontoparietal activation during visual feature search.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {102 Pt 2}, Number = {0 2}, Pages = {262-274}, Year = {2014}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1053-8119}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.053}, Abstract = {Activation of frontal and parietal brain regions is associated with attentional control during visual search. We used fMRI to characterize age-related differences in frontoparietal activation in a highly efficient feature search task, detection of a shape singleton. On half of the trials, a salient distractor (a color singleton) was present in the display. The hypothesis was that frontoparietal activation mediated the relation between age and attentional capture by the salient distractor. Participants were healthy, community-dwelling individuals, 21 younger adults (19-29 years of age) and 21 older adults (60-87 years of age). Top-down attention, in the form of target predictability, was associated with an improvement in search performance that was comparable for younger and older adults. The increase in search reaction time (RT) associated with the salient distractor (attentional capture), standardized to correct for generalized age-related slowing, was greater for older adults than for younger adults. On trials with a color singleton distractor, search RT increased as a function of increasing activation in frontal regions, for both age groups combined, suggesting increased task difficulty. Mediational analyses disconfirmed the hypothesized model, in which frontal activation mediated the age-related increase in attentional capture, but supported an alternative model in which age was a mediator of the relation between frontal activation and capture.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.053}, Key = {fds250981} } @article{fds250978, Author = {Lighthall, NR and Huettel, SA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Functional compensation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex improves memory-dependent decisions in older adults.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {34}, Number = {47}, Pages = {15648-15657}, Year = {2014}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0270-6474}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2888-14.2014}, Abstract = {Everyday consumer choices frequently involve memory, as when we retrieve information about consumer products when making purchasing decisions. In this context, poor memory may affect decision quality, particularly in individuals with memory decline, such as older adults. However, age differences in choice behavior may be reduced if older adults can recruit additional neural resources that support task performance. Although such functional compensation is well documented in other cognitive domains, it is presently unclear whether it can support memory-guided decision making and, if so, which brain regions play a role in compensation. The current study engaged younger and older humans in a memory-dependent choice task in which pairs of consumer products from a popular online-shopping site were evaluated with different delays between the first and second product. Using functional imaging (fMRI), we found that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) supports compensation as defined by three a priori criteria: (1) increased vmPFC activation was observed in older versus younger adults; (2) age-related increases in vmPFC activity were associated with increased retrieval demands; and (3) increased vmPFC activity was positively associated with performance in older adults-evidence of successful compensation. Extending these results, we observed evidence for compensation in connectivity between vmPFC and the dorsolateral PFC during memory-dependent choice. In contrast, we found no evidence for age differences in value-related processing or age-related compensation for choices without delayed retrieval. Together, these results converge on the conclusion that age-related decline in memory-dependent choice performance can be minimized via functional compensation in vmPFC.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.2888-14.2014}, Key = {fds250978} } @article{fds250983, Author = {Hall, SA and Rubin, DC and Miles, A and Davis, SW and Wing, EA and Cabeza, R and Berntsen, D}, Title = {The neural basis of involuntary episodic memories.}, Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {26}, Number = {10}, Pages = {2385-2399}, Year = {2014}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12027 Duke open access}, Abstract = {Voluntary episodic memories require an intentional memory search, whereas involuntary episodic memories come to mind spontaneously without conscious effort. Cognitive neuroscience has largely focused on voluntary memory, leaving the neural mechanisms of involuntary memory largely unknown. We hypothesized that, because the main difference between voluntary and involuntary memory is the controlled retrieval processes required by the former, there would be greater frontal activity for voluntary than involuntary memories. Conversely, we predicted that other components of the episodic retrieval network would be similarly engaged in the two types of memory. During encoding, all participants heard sounds, half paired with pictures of complex scenes and half presented alone. During retrieval, paired and unpaired sounds were presented, panned to the left or to the right. Participants in the involuntary group were instructed to indicate the spatial location of the sound, whereas participants in the voluntary group were asked to additionally recall the pictures that had been paired with the sounds. All participants reported the incidence of their memories in a postscan session. Consistent with our predictions, voluntary memories elicited greater activity in dorsal frontal regions than involuntary memories, whereas other components of the retrieval network, including medial-temporal, ventral occipitotemporal, and ventral parietal regions were similarly engaged by both types of memories. These results clarify the distinct role of dorsal frontal and ventral occipitotemporal regions in predicting strategic retrieval and recalled information, respectively, and suggest that, although there are neural differences in retrieval, involuntary memories share neural components with established voluntary memory systems.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00633}, Key = {fds250983} } @article{fds250982, Author = {Huijbers, W and Pennartz, CMA and Beldzik, E and Domagalik, A and Vinck, M and Hofman, WF and Cabeza, R and Daselaar, SM}, Title = {Respiration phase-locks to fast stimulus presentations: implications for the interpretation of posterior midline "deactivations".}, Journal = {Human brain mapping}, Volume = {35}, Number = {9}, Pages = {4932-4943}, Year = {2014}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {1065-9471}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22523}, Abstract = {The posterior midline region (PMR)-considered a core of the default mode network-is deactivated during successful performance in different cognitive tasks. The extent of PMR-deactivations is correlated with task-demands and associated with successful performance in various cognitive domains. In the domain of episodic memory, functional MRI (fMRI) studies found that PMR-deactivations reliably predict learning (successful encoding). Yet it is unclear what explains this relation. One intriguing possibility is that PMR-deactivations are partially mediated by respiratory artifacts. There is evidence that the fMRI signal in PMR is particularly prone to respiratory artifacts, because of its large surrounding blood vessels. As respiratory fluctuations have been shown to track changes in attention, it is critical for the general interpretation of fMRI results to clarify the relation between respiratory fluctuations, cognitive performance, and fMRI signal. Here, we investigated this issue by measuring respiration during word encoding, together with a breath-holding condition during fMRI-scanning. Stimulus-locked respiratory analyses showed that respiratory fluctuations predicted successful encoding via a respiratory phase-locking mechanism. At the same time, the fMRI analyses showed that PMR-deactivations associated with learning were reduced during breath-holding and correlated with individual differences in the respiratory phase-locking effect during normal breathing. A left frontal region--used as a control region--did not show these effects. These findings indicate that respiration is a critical factor in explaining the link between PMR-deactivation and successful cognitive performance. Further research is necessary to demonstrate whether our findings are restricted to episodic memory encoding, or also extend to other cognitive domains.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.22523}, Key = {fds250982} } @article{fds250984, Author = {Dew, ITZ and Ritchey, M and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Prior perceptual processing enhances the effect of emotional arousal on the neural correlates of memory retrieval.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of learning and memory}, Volume = {112}, Pages = {104-113}, Year = {2014}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380867}, Abstract = {A fundamental idea in memory research is that items are more likely to be remembered if encoded with a semantic, rather than perceptual, processing strategy. Interestingly, this effect has been shown to reverse for emotionally arousing materials, such that perceptual processing enhances memory for emotional information or events. The current fMRI study investigated the neural mechanisms of this effect by testing how neural activations during emotional memory retrieval are influenced by the prior encoding strategy. Participants incidentally encoded emotional and neutral pictures under instructions to attend to either semantic or perceptual properties of each picture. Recognition memory was tested 2 days later. fMRI analyses yielded three main findings. First, right amygdalar activity associated with emotional memory strength was enhanced by prior perceptual processing. Second, prior perceptual processing of emotional pictures produced a stronger effect on recollection- than familiarity-related activations in the right amygdala and left hippocampus. Finally, prior perceptual processing enhanced amygdalar connectivity with regions strongly associated with retrieval success, including hippocampal/parahippocampal regions, visual cortex, and ventral parietal cortex. Taken together, the results specify how encoding orientations yield alterations in brain systems that retrieve emotional memories.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.nlm.2013.12.012}, Key = {fds250984} } @article{fds337627, Author = {Sesma-Sanchez, L and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Design issues of remote eye tracking systems with large range of movement}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Pages = {243-246}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781450327510}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578193}, Abstract = {One of the goals of the eye tracking community is to build systems that allow users to move freely. In general, there is a trade-off between the field of view of an eye tracking system and the gaze estimation accuracy. We aim to study how much the field of view of an eye tracking system can be increased, while maintaining acceptable accuracy. In this paper, we investigate all the issues concerning remote eye tracking systems with large range of movement in a simulated environment and we give some guidelines that can facilitate the process of designing an eye tracker. Given a desired range of movement and a working distance, we can calculate the camera focal length and sensor size or given a certain camera, we can determine the user's range of movement. The robustness against large head movement of two gaze estimation methods based on infrared light is analyzed: an interpolation and a geometrical method. We relate the accuracy of the gaze estimation methods with the image resolution around the eye area for a certain feature detector's accuracy and provide possible combinations of pixel size and focal length for different gaze estimation accuracies. Finally, we give the gaze estimation accuracy as a function of a new defined eye error, which is independent of any design parameters.}, Doi = {10.1145/2578153.2578193}, Key = {fds337627} } @article{fds250994, Author = {Ritchey, M and Wing, EA and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural similarity between encoding and retrieval is related to memory via hippocampal interactions.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {23}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2818-2828}, Year = {2013}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1460-2199}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967731}, Abstract = {A fundamental principle in memory research is that memory is a function of the similarity between encoding and retrieval operations. Consistent with this principle, many neurobiological models of declarative memory assume that memory traces are stored in cortical regions, and the hippocampus facilitates the reactivation of these traces during retrieval. The present investigation tested the novel prediction that encoding-retrieval similarity can be observed and related to memory at the level of individual items. Multivariate representational similarity analysis was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during encoding and retrieval of emotional and neutral scenes. Memory success tracked fluctuations in encoding-retrieval similarity across frontal and posterior cortices. Importantly, memory effects in posterior regions reflected increased similarity between item-specific representations during successful recognition. Mediation analyses revealed that the hippocampus mediated the link between cortical similarity and memory success, providing crucial evidence for hippocampal-cortical interactions during retrieval. Finally, because emotional arousal is known to modulate both perceptual and memory processes, similarity effects were compared for emotional and neutral scenes. Emotional arousal was associated with enhanced similarity between encoding and retrieval patterns. These findings speak to the promise of pattern similarity measures for evaluating memory representations and hippocampal-cortical interactions.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhs258}, Key = {fds250994} } @article{fds250989, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Introduction to the special issue on functional neuroimaging of episodic memory.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {51}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2319-2321}, Year = {2013}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23920480}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.08.001}, Key = {fds250989} } @article{fds250988, Author = {Dew, ITZ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {A broader view of perirhinal function: from recognition memory to fluency-based decisions.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {33}, Number = {36}, Pages = {14466-14474}, Year = {2013}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0270-6474}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005298}, Abstract = {Although it is well established that the perirhinal cortex (PRC) makes an important contribution to recognition memory, the specific nature of this contribution remains uncertain. The finding that PRC activity is reduced for old compared with new items is typically attributed to the recovery of a long-term memory (LTM) signal. However, because old items are processed more easily or fluently than new items, reduced PRC activity could reflect increased fluency rather than LTM retrieval per se. We tested this hypothesis in humans using fMRI and a well-validated method to manipulate fluency: the masked priming paradigm. Some words during an old-new recognition test were preceded by conceptually related words (primes) that were subliminally presented (masked). The behavioral results replicated previous findings using this paradigm, whereby the fluency manipulation increased "oldness" responses to both old and new items. The fMRI analyses yielded two main sets of results. First, in the case of new items, which are independent from LTM retrieval, masked priming reduced PRC activity and predicted behavioral misattribution of fluency to oldness. Second, in the case of old items, the same PRC region showing fluency-related reductions for new items also contributed to "old" responding to old items. Individual differences in PRC attenuation also predicted oldness ratings to old items, and fluency modulated PRC connectivity with other brain regions associated with processing oldness signals, including visual cortex and right lateral prefrontal cortex. These results support a broader view in which the PRC serves a function more general than memory.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.1413-13.2013}, Key = {fds250988} } @article{fds313831, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Huijbers, W and Eklund, K and Moscovitch, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Resting-state functional connectivity of ventral parietal regions associated with attention reorienting and episodic recollection}, Journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, Number = {FEB}, Year = {2013}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {1662-5161}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00038}, Abstract = {In functional neuroimaging studies, ventral parietal cortex (VPC) is recruited by very different cognitive tasks. Explaining the contributions VPC to these tasks has become a topic of intense study and lively debate. Perception studies frequently find VPC activations during tasks involving attention-reorienting, and memory studies frequently find them during tasks involving episodic recollection. According to the Attention to Memory (AtoM) model, both phenomena can be explained by the same VPC function: bottom-up attention. Yet, a recent functional MRI (fMRI) meta-analysis suggested that attention-reorienting activations are more frequent in anterior VPC, whereas recollection activations are more frequent in posterior VPC. Also, there is evidence that anterior and posterior VPC regions have different functional connectivity patterns. To investigate these issues, we conducted a resting-state functional connectivity analysis using as seeds the center-of-mass of attention-reorienting and recollection activations in the metaanalysis, which were located in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG, around the temporo-parietal junction-TPJ) and in the angular gyrus (AG), respectively. The SMG seed showed stronger connectivity with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and occipito-temporal cortex, whereas the AG seed showed stronger connectivity with the hippocampus and default network regions. To investigate whether these connectivity differences were graded or sharp, VLPFC and hippocampal connectivity was measured in VPC regions traversing through the SMG and AG seeds. The results showed a graded pattern: VLPFC connectivity gradually decreases from SMG to AG, whereas hippocampal connectivity gradually increases from SMG to AG. Importantly, both gradients showed an abrupt break when extended beyond VPC borders. This finding suggests that functional differences between SMG and AG are more subtle than previously thought. These connectivity differences can be explained by differences in the input and output to anterior and posterior VPC regions, without the need of postulating markedly different functions. These results are as consistent with integrative accounts of VPC function, such as the AtoM model, as they are with models that ascribe completely different functions to VPC regions. © 2013 Daselaar, Huijbers, Eklund, Moscovitch and Cabeza.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2013.00038}, Key = {fds313831} } @article{fds337633, Author = {Hall, S and Miles, A and Davis, S and Berntsen, D and Cabeza, R and Rubin, D}, Title = {AN FMRI INVESTIGATION OF THE NEURAL BASIS OF INVOLUNTARY MEMORY: HOW DO THEY DIFFER FROM ESTABLISHED VOLUNTARY MEMORY NETWORKS?}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE}, Pages = {110-110}, Publisher = {MIT PRESS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds337633} } @article{fds337634, Author = {Dew, I and Cabeza, R}, Title = {EFFECTS OF FLUENCY ON RECOGNITION MEMORY DECISIONS IN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS: AN FMRI STUDY}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE}, Pages = {167-167}, Publisher = {MIT PRESS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds337634} } @article{fds337635, Author = {Madden, D and Davis, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF TOP-DOWN ATTENTIONAL CONTROL DURING VISUAL SEARCH}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE}, Pages = {62-63}, Publisher = {MIT PRESS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds337635} } @article{fds337636, Author = {Brashier, N and Dew, I and Ritchey, M and LaBar, K and Cabeza, R}, Title = {PERCEPTUAL PROCESSING ENHANCES THE EFFECT OF EMOTION ON RETRIEVAL: AN FMRI STUDY}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE}, Pages = {37-38}, Publisher = {MIT PRESS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds337636} } @article{fds337631, Author = {Brooks, J and Davis, S and Komes, J and Cabeza, R}, Title = {NEURAL CORRELATES OF THE OWN-AGE BIAS IN YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE}, Pages = {35-35}, Publisher = {MIT PRESS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds337631} } @article{fds337632, Author = {Iyengar, V and Wing, E and Chou, D and Cabeza, R}, Title = {REMEMBERING OTHER PEOPLE'S POLITICAL VIEWS: AN FMRI STUDY OF EMOTIONAL SOURCE MEMORY ENCODING}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE}, Pages = {112-112}, Publisher = {MIT PRESS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds337632} } @article{fds250990, Author = {Dolcos, F and Iordan, AD and Kragel, J and Stokes, J and Campbell, R and McCarthy, G and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural correlates of opposing effects of emotional distraction on working memory and episodic memory: an event-related FMRI investigation.}, Journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, Volume = {4}, Number = {293}, Pages = {293}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23761770}, Abstract = {A fundamental question in the emotional memory literature is why emotion enhances memory in some conditions but disrupts memory in other conditions. For example, separate studies have shown that emotional stimuli tend to be better remembered in long-term episodic memory (EM), whereas emotional distracters tend to impair working memory (WM) maintenance. The first goal of this study was to directly compare the neural correlates of EM enhancement (EME) and WM impairing (WMI) effects, and the second goal was to explore individual differences in these mechanisms. During event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants maintained faces in WM while being distracted by emotional or neutral pictures presented during the delay period. EM for the distracting pictures was tested after scanning and was used to identify successful encoding activity for the picture distracters. The first goal yielded two findings: (1) emotional pictures that disrupted face WM but enhanced subsequent EM were associated with increased amygdala (AMY) and hippocampal activity (ventral system) coupled with reduced dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) activity (dorsal system); (2) trials in which emotion enhanced EM without disrupting WM were associated with increased ventrolateral PFC activity. The ventral-dorsal switch can explain EME and WMI, while the ventrolateral PFC effect suggests a coping mechanism. The second goal yielded two additional findings: (3) participants who were more susceptible to WMI showed greater amygdala increases and PFC reductions; (4) AMY activity increased and dlPFC activity decreased with measures of attentional impulsivity. Taken together, these results clarify the mechanisms linking the enhancing and impairing effects of emotion on memory, and provide insights into the role of individual differences in the impact of emotional distraction.}, Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00293}, Key = {fds250990} } @article{fds250992, Author = {Cabeza, R and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {Memory Systems, Processing Modes, and Components: Functional Neuroimaging Evidence.}, Journal = {Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {49-55}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1745-6916}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313817400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a major theoretical debate in the memory domain regarding the multiple memory systems and processing modes frameworks. The components of processing framework argued for a middle ground: Instead of neatly divided memory systems or processing modes, this framework proposed the existence of numerous processing components that are recruited in different combinations by memory tasks and yield complex patterns of associations and dissociations. Because behavioral evidence was not sufficient to decide among these three frameworks, the debate was largely abandoned. However, functional neuroimaging evidence accumulated during the last two decades resolves the stalemate, because this evidence is more consistent with the components framework than with the other two frameworks. For example, functional neuroimaging evidence shows that brain regions attributed to one memory system can contribute to tasks associated with other memory systems and that brain regions attributed to the same processing mode (perceptual or conceptual) can be dissociated from each other. Functional neuroimaging evidence suggests that memory processes are supported by transient interactions between a few regions called process-specific alliances. These conceptual developments are an example of how functional neuroimaging can contribute to theoretical debates in cognitive psychology.}, Doi = {10.1177/1745691612469033}, Key = {fds250992} } @article{fds250993, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Huijbers, W and Eklund, K and Moscovitch, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Resting-state functional connectivity of ventral parietal regions associated with attention reorienting and episodic recollection.}, Journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience}, Volume = {7}, Number = {FEB}, Pages = {38}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1662-5161}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440005}, Abstract = {In functional neuroimaging studies, ventral parietal cortex (VPC) is recruited by very different cognitive tasks. Explaining the contributions of VPC to these tasks has become a topic of intense study and lively debate. Perception studies frequently find VPC activations during tasks involving attention-reorienting, and memory studies frequently find them during tasks involving episodic recollection. According to the Attention to Memory (AtoM) model, both phenomena can be explained by the same VPC function: bottom-up attention. Yet, a recent functional MRI (fMRI) meta-analysis suggested that attention-reorienting activations are more frequent in anterior VPC, whereas recollection activations are more frequent in posterior VPC. Also, there is evidence that anterior and posterior VPC regions have different functional connectivity patterns. To investigate these issues, we conducted a resting-state functional connectivity analysis using as seeds the center-of-mass of attention-reorienting and recollection activations in the meta-analysis, which were located in the supramarginal gyrus (SMG, around the temporo-parietal junction-TPJ) and in the angular gyrus (AG), respectively. The SMG seed showed stronger connectivity with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and occipito-temporal cortex, whereas the AG seed showed stronger connectivity with the hippocampus and default network regions. To investigate whether these connectivity differences were graded or sharp, VLPFC and hippocampal connectivity was measured in VPC regions traversing through the SMG and AG seeds. The results showed a graded pattern: VLPFC connectivity gradually decreases from SMG to AG, whereas hippocampal connectivity gradually increases from SMG to AG. Importantly, both gradients showed an abrupt break when extended beyond VPC borders. This finding suggests that functional differences between SMG and AG are more subtle than previously thought. These connectivity differences can be explained by differences in the input and output to anterior and posterior VPC regions, without the need of postulating markedly different functions. These results are as consistent with integrative accounts of VPC function, such as the AtoM model, as they are with models that ascribe completely different functions to VPC regions.}, Doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2013.00038}, Key = {fds250993} } @article{fds251020, Author = {Huijbers, W and Vannini, P and Sperling, RA and C M and P and Cabeza, R and Daselaar, SM}, Title = {Explaining the encoding/retrieval flip: memory-related deactivations and activations in the posteromedial cortex.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {50}, Number = {14}, Pages = {3764-3774}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982484}, Abstract = {The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is strongly linked to episodic memory and age-related memory deficits. The PMC shows deactivations during a variety of demanding cognitive tasks as compared to passive baseline conditions and has been associated with the default-mode of the brain. Interestingly, the PMC exhibits opposite levels of functional MRI activity during encoding (learning) and retrieval (remembering), a pattern dubbed the encoding/retrieval flip (E/R-flip). Yet, the exact role of the PMC in memory function has remained unclear. This review discusses the possible neurofunctional and clinical significance of the E/R-flip pattern. Regarding neurofunctional relevance, we will review four hypotheses on PMC function: (1) the internal orienting account, (2) the self-referential processing account, (3) the reallocation account, and (4) the bottom-up attention account. None of these accounts seem to provide a complete explanation for the E/R-flip pattern in PMC. Regarding clinical relevance, we review work on aging and Alzheimer's disease, indicating that amyloid deposits within PMC, years before clinical memory deficits become apparent. High amyloid burden within PMC is associated with detrimental influences on memory encoding, in particular, the attenuation of beneficial PMC deactivations. Finally, we discuss functional subdivisions within PMC that help to provide a more precise picture of the variety of signals observed within PMC. Collective data from anatomical, task-related fMRI and resting-state studies all indicate that the PMC is composed of three main regions, the precuneus, retrosplenial, and posterior cingulate cortex, each with a distinct function. We will conclude with a summary of the findings and provide directions for future research.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.021}, Key = {fds251020} } @article{fds251028, Author = {Dew, ITZ and Buchler, N and Dobbins, IG and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Where is ELSA? The early to late shift in aging.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {22}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2542-2553}, Year = {2012}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22114083}, Abstract = {Studies of cognitive and neural aging have recently provided evidence of a shift from an early- to late-onset cognitive control strategy, linked with temporally extended activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). It has been uncertain, however, whether this age-related shift is unique to PFC and executive control tasks or whether the functional location might vary depending on the particular cognitive processes that are altered. The present study tested whether an early-to-late shift in aging (ELSA) might emerge in the medial temporal lobes (MTL) during a protracted context memory task comprising both anticipatory cue (retrieval preparation) and retrieval probe (retrieval completion) phases. First, we found reduced MTL activity in older adults during the early retrieval preparation phase coupled with increased MTL activity during the late retrieval completion phase. Second, we found that functional connectivity between MTL and PFC regions was higher during retrieval preparation in young adults but higher during retrieval completion in older adults, suggesting an important interactive relationship between the ELSA pattern in MTL and PFC. Taken together, these results critically suggest that aging results in temporally lagged activity even in regions not typically associated with cognitive control, such as the MTL.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr334}, Key = {fds251028} } @article{fds251024, Author = {Cabeza, R and Ciaramelli, E and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {Response to Nelson et al.: Ventral parietal subdivisions are not incompatible with an overarching function}, Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, Volume = {16}, Number = {8}, Pages = {400-401}, Year = {2012}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1364-6613}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.015}, Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.015}, Key = {fds251024} } @article{fds337640, Author = {Sesma-Sanchez, L and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Gaze estimation interpolation methods based on binocular data.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering}, Volume = {59}, Number = {8}, Pages = {2235-2243}, Year = {2012}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2201716}, Abstract = {Video oculography (VOG) is one of the most commonly used techniques for gaze tracking because it enables nonintrusive eye detection and tracking. Improving the eye tracking's accuracy and tolerance to user head movements is a common task in the field of gaze tracking; thus, a thorough study of how binocular information can improve a gaze tracking system's accuracy and tolerance to user head movements has been carried out. The analysis is focused on interpolation-based methods and systems with one and two infrared lights. New mapping features are proposed based on the commonly used pupil-glint vector using different distances as the normalization factor. For this study, an experimental procedure with six users based on a real VOG gaze tracking system was performed, and the results were contrasted with an eye simulator. Important conclusions have been obtained in terms of configuration, equation, and mapping features, such as the outperformance of the interglint distance as the normalization factor. Furthermore, the binocular gaze tracking system was found to have a similar or improved level of accuracy compared to that of the monocular gaze tracking system.}, Doi = {10.1109/tbme.2012.2201716}, Key = {fds337640} } @article{fds337642, Author = {Sesma, L and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Pages = {217-220}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, Year = {2012}, Month = {June}, ISBN = {9781450312257}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168598}, Abstract = {Low cost eye tracking is an actual challenging research topic for the eye tracking community. Gaze tracking based on a web cam and without infrared light is a searched goal to broaden the applications of eye tracking systems. Web cam based eye tracking results in new challenges to solve such as a wider field of view and a lower image quality. In addition, no infrared light implies that glints cannot be used anymore as a tracking feature. In this paper, a thorough study has been carried out to evaluate pupil (iris) center-eye corner (PC-EC) vector as feature for gaze estimation based on interpolation methods in low cost eye tracking, as it is considered to be partially equivalent to the pupil center-corneal reflection (PC-CR) vector. The analysis is carried out both based on simulated and real data. The experiments show that eye corner positions in the image move slightly when the user is looking at different points of the screen, even with a static head position. This lowers the possible accuracy of the gaze estimation, significantly reducing the accuracy of the system under standard working conditions to 2 - 3 degrees. © 2012 ACM.}, Doi = {10.1145/2168556.2168598}, Key = {fds337642} } @article{fds337643, Author = {Cerrolaza, JJ and Villanueva, A and Villanueva, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Error characterization and compensation in eye tracking systems}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Pages = {205-208}, Publisher = {ACM Press}, Year = {2012}, Month = {June}, ISBN = {9781450312257}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168595}, Abstract = {The development of systems that track the eye while allowing head movement is one of the most challenging objectives of gaze tracking researchers. Tracker accuracy decreases as the subject moves from the calibration position and is especially influenced by changes in depth with respect to the screen. In this paper, we demonstrate that the pattern of error produced due to user movement mainly depends on the system configuration and hardware element placement rather than the user. Thus, we suggest alternative calibration techniques for error reduction that compensate for the lack of accuracy due to subject movement. Using these techniques, we can achieve an error reduction of more than 50%. © 2012 ACM.}, Doi = {10.1145/2168556.2168595}, Key = {fds337643} } @article{fds251025, Author = {Cabeza, R and Ciaramelli, E and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {Cognitive contributions of the ventral parietal cortex: an integrative theoretical account.}, Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences}, Volume = {16}, Number = {6}, Pages = {338-352}, Year = {2012}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22609315}, Abstract = {Although ventral parietal cortex (VPC) activations can be found in a variety of cognitive domains, these activations have been typically attributed to cognitive operations specific to each domain. In this article, we propose a hypothesis that can account for VPC activations across all the cognitive domains reviewed. We first review VPC activations in the domains of perceptual and motor reorienting, episodic memory retrieval, language and number processing, theory of mind, and episodic memory encoding. Then, we consider the localization of VPC activations across domains and conclude that they are largely overlapping with some differences around the edges. Finally, we assess how well four different hypotheses of VPC function can explain findings in various domains and conclude that a bottom-up attention hypothesis provides the most complete and parsimonious account.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.008}, Key = {fds251025} } @article{fds337644, Author = {Cerrolaza, JJ and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Hierarchical statistical shape models of multiobject anatomical structures: application to brain MRI.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on medical imaging}, Volume = {31}, Number = {3}, Pages = {713-724}, Year = {2012}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2011.2175940}, Abstract = {The accurate segmentation of subcortical brain structures in magnetic resonance (MR) images is of crucial importance in the interdisciplinary field of medical imaging. Although statistical approaches such as active shape models (ASMs) have proven to be particularly useful in the modeling of multiobject shapes, they are inefficient when facing challenging problems. Based on the wavelet transform, the fully generic multiresolution framework presented in this paper allows us to decompose the interobject relationships into different levels of detail. The aim of this hierarchical decomposition is twofold: to efficiently characterize the relationships between objects and their particular localities. Experiments performed on an eight-object structure defined in axial cross sectional MR brain images show that the new hierarchical segmentation significantly improves the accuracy of the segmentation, and while it exhibits a remarkable robustness with respect to the size of the training set.}, Doi = {10.1109/tmi.2011.2175940}, Key = {fds337644} } @article{fds337645, Author = {De-Maeztu, L and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Near real-time stereo matching using geodesic diffusion.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence}, Volume = {34}, Number = {2}, Pages = {410-416}, Year = {2012}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2011.192}, Abstract = {Adaptive-weight algorithms currently represent the state of the art in local stereo matching. However, due to their computational requirements, these types of solutions are not suitable for real-time implementation. Here, we present a novel aggregation method inspired by the anisotropic diffusion technique used in image filtering. The proposed aggregation algorithm produces results similar to adaptive-weight solutions while reducing the computational requirements. Moreover, near real-time performance is demonstrated with a GPU implementation of the algorithm.}, Doi = {10.1109/tpami.2011.192}, Key = {fds337645} } @article{fds337638, Author = {Bengoechea, JJ and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Hybrid eye detection algorithm for outdoor environments}, Journal = {UbiComp'12 - Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing}, Pages = {685-688}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781450312240}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2370216.2370365}, Abstract = {When performing eye detection in a driving scenario, new challenges arise that do not occur in a standard indoor eye tracking session. Rapid subject movement, non-controlled fast light variation and partial or total occlusions are the main problems that must be overcome. Furthermore, sunlight's infrared component makes it difficult the use of active artificial infrared light sources. In this paper, we describe a novel algorithm that combines Viola Jones face detector and TLD (Tracking Learning Detection) algorithm. In a standard driving scenario, it achieves a 84% rate of detection. Furthermore, we have designed a filtering stage that allows a low false positive rate. The algorithms hardware requirement is a standard web cam, and it can potentially work in real time. Copyright 2012 ACM.}, Doi = {10.1145/2370216.2370365}, Key = {fds337638} } @article{fds251026, Author = {Dew, ITZ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {"Implicit contamination" extends across multiple methodologies: Implications for fMRI.}, Journal = {Cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {3}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {214-215}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1758-8928}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2012.689972}, Abstract = {Abstract The article "More than a feeling: Pervasive influences of memory without awareness of retrieval" reviews evidence from ERP studies of recognition memory that the FN400 effect typically ascribed to familiarity may index implicit memory that occurs during recognition testing. We find their argument compelling, and contend that this potential "implicit contamination" is not unique to ERP studies. We suggest an analogous problem affecting fMRI studies, focusing particularly on the perirhinal cortex. Resolving this issue is critical for understanding the relationship between memory and the medial temporal lobes.}, Doi = {10.1080/17588928.2012.689972}, Key = {fds251026} } @article{fds303793, Author = {Davis, SW and Kragel, JE and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The architecture of cross-hemispheric communication in the aging brain: linking behavior to functional and structural connectivity.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {22}, Number = {1}, Pages = {232-242}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653286}, Abstract = {Contralateral recruitment remains a controversial phenomenon in both the clinical and normative populations. To investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon, we explored the tendency for older adults to recruit prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions contralateral to those most active in younger adults. Participants were scanned with diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic rresonance imaging during a lateralized word matching task (unilateral vs. bilateral). Cross-hemispheric communication was measured behaviorally as greater accuracy for bilateral than unilateral trials (bilateral processing advantage [BPA]) and at the neural level by functional and structural connectivity between contralateral PFC. Compared with the young, older adults exhibited 1) greater BPAs in the behavioral task, 2) greater compensatory activity in contralateral PFC during the bilateral condition, 3) greater functional connectivity between contralateral PFC during bilateral trials, and 4) a positive correlation between fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and both the BPA and the functional connectivity between contralateral PFC, indicating that older adults' ability to distribute processing across hemispheres is constrained by white matter integrity. These results clarify how older adults' ability to recruit extra regions in response to the demands of aging is mediated by existing structural architecture, and how this architecture engenders corresponding functional changes that allow subjects to meet those task demands.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr123}, Key = {fds303793} } @article{fds250986, Author = {Wing, EA and Marsh, EJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural correlates of retrieval-based memory enhancement: An fMRI study of the testing effect}, Journal = {Neuropsychologica}, Volume = {51}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2360-2370}, Year = {2012}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002839321300119X}, Abstract = {Restudying material is a common method for learning new information, but not necessarily an effective one. Research on the testing effect shows that practice involving retrieval from memory can facilitate later memory in contrast to passive restudy. Despite extensive behavioral work, the brain processes that make retrieval an effective learning strategy remain unclear. In the present experiment, we explored how initially retrieving items affected memory a day later as compared to a condition involving traditional restudy. In contrast to restudy, initial testing that contributed to future memory success was associated with engagement of several regions including the anterior hippocampus, lateral temporal cortices, and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Additionally, testing enhanced hippocampal connectivity with ventrolateral PFC and midline regions. These findings indicate that the testing effect may be contingent on processes that are typically thought to support memory success at encoding (e.g. relational binding, selection and elaboration of semantically-related information) in addition to those more often associated with retrieval (e.g. memory search).}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.04.004}, Key = {fds250986} } @article{fds251029, Author = {Davis, SW and Kragel, J and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Cross-hemispheric communication and aging: Linking behavior, brain activity, functional connectivity, and white matter integrity.}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, Volume = {22}, Number = {1}, Pages = {232-242}, Year = {2012}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653286}, Abstract = {Contralateral recruitment remains a controversial phenomenon in both the clinical and normative populations. To investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon, we explored the tendency for older adults to recruit prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions contralateral to those most active in younger adults. Participants were scanned with diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic rresonance imaging during a lateralized word matching task (unilateral vs. bilateral). Cross-hemispheric communication was measured behaviorally as greater accuracy for bilateral than unilateral trials (bilateral processing advantage [BPA]) and at the neural level by functional and structural connectivity between contralateral PFC. Compared with the young, older adults exhibited 1) greater BPAs in the behavioral task, 2) greater compensatory activity in contralateral PFC during the bilateral condition, 3) greater functional connectivity between contralateral PFC during bilateral trials, and 4) a positive correlation between fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and both the BPA and the functional connectivity between contralateral PFC, indicating that older adults' ability to distribute processing across hemispheres is constrained by white matter integrity. These results clarify how older adults' ability to recruit extra regions in response to the demands of aging is mediated by existing structural architecture, and how this architecture engenders corresponding functional changes that allow subjects to meet those task demands.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr123}, Key = {fds251029} } @article{fds251030, Author = {Jacques, S and L, P and Rubin, and C, D and Cabeza, and R}, Title = {Age-Related effects on the neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval: An elaboration deficit underlies reductions in episodic richness}, Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1298–1310}, Pages = {1298-1310}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2012}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21190759}, Abstract = {Older adults recall less episodically rich autobiographical memories (AM), however, the neural basis of this effect is not clear. Using functional MRI, we examined the effects of age during search and elaboration phases of AM retrieval. Our results suggest that the age-related attenuation in the episodic richness of AMs is associated with difficulty in the strategic retrieval processes underlying recovery of information during elaboration. First, age effects on AM activity were more pronounced during elaboration than search, with older adults showing less sustained recruitment of the hippocampus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) for less episodically rich AMs. Second, there was an age-related reduction in the modulation of top-down coupling of the VLPFC on the hippocampus for episodically rich AMs. In sum, the present study shows that changes in the sustained response and coupling of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlie age-related reductions in episodic richness of the personal past.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.007}, Key = {fds251030} } @article{fds337651, Author = {Cerrolaza, JJ and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Multi-shape - Hierarchical active shape models}, Journal = {Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2011}, Volume = {1}, Pages = {137-143}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9781601321916}, Abstract = {Active Shape Models (ASMs) have become one of the most widespread segmentation paradigms since their inception in the early nineties. However, their capability to capture and model the shapes' variability is highly conditioned by the training set used. Trying to overcome this limitation, this paper presents a new hierarchical formulation of classical ASMs. Using the wavelet transform, a new complete tree wavelet packet is used to decompose the shape into small pieces of information, which are easier to model even with a small number of training shapes. Unlike previous hierarchical approaches, this new decomposition scheme and the matrix notation introduced allow the new hierarchical segmentation algorithm to deal with complex multi-shape structures in both, 2D and 3D spaces, maintaining the versatility of classical ASMs. The advantages of the new segmentation algorithm in terms of both accuracy and robustness with the number of training shapes have been successfully tested with two completely different databases containing multi-shape structures.}, Key = {fds337651} } @article{fds337649, Author = {Ponz, V and Villanueva, A and Sesma, L and Ariz, M and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Topography-based detection of the iris centre using multiple-resolution images}, Journal = {Proceedings - 2011 Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference, IMVIP 2011}, Pages = {32-37}, Publisher = {IEEE}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780769546292}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2011.15}, Abstract = {Low cost iris tracking is one of the most challenging research topics for the eye-tracking community. To this end, accurate detection of the iris centre in images captured by a web cam is a major goal. We propose a novel method for iris detection that is based on image topography using multi-resolution to detect the most stable "valley" over different resolutions, which is assumed to be the iris centre. Our algorithm was tested using the BioID database obtaining the best average behavior. Our algorithm functions in real time and does not require complex post processing stages. © 2011 IEEE.}, Doi = {10.1109/IMVIP.2011.15}, Key = {fds337649} } @article{fds337650, Author = {De-Maeztu, L and Mattoccia, S and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {A novel heterogeneous framework for stereo matching}, Journal = {Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2011}, Volume = {1}, Pages = {293-299}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9781601321916}, Abstract = {Local stereo matching algorithms based on the adapting-weights strategy achieve accuracy similar to global approaches. One of the major problems of these local algorithms is that they are computationally expensive. However, algorithms with reduced computational complexity inspired by the adapting-weights strategy have been recently proposed. In particular, the Fast Bilateral Stereo (FBS) framework allows to obtain, with a significantly reduced computational burden, results comparable to top-performing local approaches based on adapting-weights. In this paper we propose a novel framework that has two advantages: enables a further speedup of this type of algorithms along with a slight accuracy improvement. We prove the effectiveness of our proposal in combination with the FBS approach.}, Key = {fds337650} } @article{fds251018, Author = {Dennis, NA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related dedifferentiation of learning systems: an fMRI study of implicit and explicit learning.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of aging}, Volume = {32}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2318.e17-2318.e30}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20471139}, Abstract = {Abundant research finds that in young adults explicit learning (EL) is more dependent on the medial temporal lobes (MTL) whereas implicit learning (IL) is more dependent on the striatum. Using fMRI, we investigated age differences in each task and whether this differentiation is preserved in older adults. Results indicated that, while young recruited the MTL for EL and striatum for IL, both activations were significantly reduced in older adults. Additionally, results indicated that older adults recruited the MTL for IL, and this activation was significantly greater in older compared with young adults. A significant Task × Age interaction was found in both regions-with young preferentially recruiting the MTL for EL and striatum for IL, and older adults showing no preferential recruit for either task. Finally, young adults demonstrated significant negative correlations between activity in the striatum and MTL during both the EL and IL tasks. These correlations were attenuated in older adults. Taken together results support dedifferentiation in aging across memory systems.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.004}, Key = {fds251018} } @article{fds251027, Author = {Hayes, SM and Buchler, N and Stokes, J and Kragel, J and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural correlates of confidence during item recognition and source memory retrieval: evidence for both dual-process and strength memory theories.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {23}, Number = {12}, Pages = {3959-3971}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736454}, Abstract = {Although the medial-temporal lobes (MTL), PFC, and parietal cortex are considered primary nodes in the episodic memory network, there is much debate regarding the contributions of MTL, PFC, and parietal subregions to recollection versus familiarity (dual-process theory) and the feasibility of accounts on the basis of a single memory strength process (strength theory). To investigate these issues, the current fMRI study measured activity during retrieval of memories that differed quantitatively in terms of strength (high vs. low-confidence trials) and qualitatively in terms of recollection versus familiarity (source vs. item memory tasks). Support for each theory varied depending on which node of the episodic memory network was considered. Results from MTL best fit a dual-process account, as a dissociation was found between a right hippocampal region showing high-confidence activity during the source memory task and bilateral rhinal regions showing high-confidence activity during the item memory task. Within PFC, several left-lateralized regions showed greater activity for source than item memory, consistent with recollective orienting, whereas a right-lateralized ventrolateral area showed low-confidence activity in both tasks, consistent with monitoring processes. Parietal findings were generally consistent with strength theory, with dorsal areas showing low-confidence activity and ventral areas showing high-confidence activity in both tasks. This dissociation fits with an attentional account of parietal functions during episodic retrieval. The results suggest that both dual-process and strength theories are partly correct, highlighting the need for an integrated model that links to more general cognitive theories to account for observed neural activity during episodic memory retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00086}, Key = {fds251027} } @article{fds340710, Author = {Shafer, A and Iordan, A and Cabeza, R and Dolcos, F}, Title = {Brain imaging investigation of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion.}, Journal = {Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE}, Number = {51}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, Abstract = {Emotional events tend to be better remembered than non-emotional events. One goal of cognitive and affective neuroscientists is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying this enhancing effect of emotion on memory. A method that has proven particularly influential in the investigation of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion is the so-called subsequent memory paradigm (SMP). This method was originally used to investigate the neural correlates of non-emotional memories, and more recently we and others also applied it successfully to studies of emotional memory (reviewed in). Here, we describe a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion using the SMP in conjunction with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An important feature of the SMP is that it allows separation of brain activity specifically associated with memory from more general activity associated with perception. Moreover, in the context of investigating the impact of emotional stimuli, SMP allows identification of brain regions whose activity is susceptible to emotional modulation of both general/perceptual and memory-specific processing. This protocol can be used in healthy subjects, as well as in clinical patients where there are alterations in the neural correlates of emotion perception and biases in remembering emotional events, such as those suffering from depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Copyright © 2011 Journal of Visualized Experiments}, Key = {fds340710} } @article{fds251017, Author = {Pathman, T and Samson, Z and Dugas, K and Cabeza, R and Bauer, PJ}, Title = {A "snapshot" of declarative memory: Differing developmental trajectories in episodic and autobiographical memory.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {19}, Number = {8}, Pages = {825-835}, Year = {2011}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942825}, Abstract = {Episodic and autobiographical memory are clearly related, yet in both the adult and developmental literatures it is difficult to compare them because of differences in how the constructs are assessed, including differences in content, levels of control, and time since experience. To address these issues, we directly compared children's and adults' autobiographical and episodic memory using the same controlled paradigm. Participants engaged in a photo-taking activity in a museum (autobiographical encoding) and viewed others' photographs of the same museum exhibits (episodic encoding). At test, participants classified photos as ones they took, viewed, or novel. In the autobiographical condition older children and adults performed similarly; younger children's performance was lower than adults'. In contrast, in the episodic condition both groups of children performed more poorly than adults. The findings suggest the developmental primacy of autobiographical relative to episodic memory, and that traditional episodic tasks may underestimate older children's declarative memory abilities.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2011.613839}, Key = {fds251017} } @article{fds251032, Author = {Cabeza, R and Mazuz, YS and Stokes, J and Kragel, JE and Woldorff, MG and Ciaramelli, E and Olson, IR and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {Overlapping parietal activity in memory and perception: evidence for the attention to memory model.}, Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {23}, Number = {11}, Pages = {3209-3217}, Year = {2011}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568633}, Abstract = {The specific role of different parietal regions to episodic retrieval is a topic of intense debate. According to the Attention to Memory (AtoM) model, dorsal parietal cortex (DPC) mediates top-down attention processes guided by retrieval goals, whereas ventral parietal cortex (VPC) mediates bottom-up attention processes captured by the retrieval output or the retrieval cue. This model also hypothesizes that the attentional functions of DPC and VPC are similar for memory and perception. To investigate this last hypothesis, we scanned participants with event-related fMRI whereas they performed memory and perception tasks, each comprising an orienting phase (top-down attention) and a detection phase (bottom-up attention). The study yielded two main findings. First, consistent with the AtoM model, orienting-related activity for memory and perception overlapped in DPC, whereas detection-related activity for memory and perception overlapped in VPC. The DPC overlap was greater in the left intraparietal sulcus, and the VPC overlap in the left TPJ. Around overlapping areas, there were differences in the spatial distribution of memory and perception activations, which were consistent with trends reported in the literature. Second, both DPC and VPC showed stronger connectivity with medial-temporal lobe during the memory task and with visual cortex during the perception task. These findings suggest that, during memory tasks, some parietal regions mediate similar attentional control processes to those involved in perception tasks (orienting in DPC vs. detection in VPC), although on different types of information (mnemonic vs. sensory).}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00065}, Key = {fds251032} } @article{fds251016, Author = {St Jacques and PL and Conway, MA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Gender differences in autobiographical memory for everyday events: retrieval elicited by SenseCam images versus verbal cues.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {19}, Number = {7}, Pages = {723-732}, Year = {2011}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981611}, Abstract = {Gender differences are frequently observed in autobiographical memory (AM). However, few studies have investigated the neural basis of potential gender differences in AM. In the present functional MRI (fMRI) study we investigated gender differences in AMs elicited using dynamic visual images vs verbal cues. We used a novel technology called a SenseCam, a wearable device that automatically takes thousands of photographs. SenseCam differs considerably from other prospective methods of generating retrieval cues because it does not disrupt the ongoing experience. This allowed us to control for potential gender differences in emotional processing and elaborative rehearsal, while manipulating how the AMs were elicited. We predicted that males would retrieve more richly experienced AMs elicited by the SenseCam images vs the verbal cues, whereas females would show equal sensitivity to both cues. The behavioural results indicated that there were no gender differences in subjective ratings of reliving, importance, vividness, emotion, and uniqueness, suggesting that gender differences in brain activity were not due to differences in these measures of phenomenological experience. Consistent with our predictions, the fMRI results revealed that males showed a greater difference in functional activity associated with the rich experience of SenseCam vs verbal cues, than did females.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658211.2010.516266}, Key = {fds251016} } @article{fds251031, Author = {Dennis, NA and Cabeza, R and Need, AC and Waters-Metenier, S and Goldstein, DB and LaBar, KS}, Title = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism and hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval tasks.}, Journal = {Hippocampus}, Volume = {21}, Number = {9}, Pages = {980-989}, Year = {2011}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865733}, Abstract = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin which has been shown to regulate cell survival and proliferation, as well as synaptic growth and hippocampal long-term potentiation. A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism in the human BDNF gene (val66met) has been associated with altered intercellular trafficking and regulated secretion of BDNF in met compared to val carriers. Additionally, previous studies have found a relationship between the BDNF val66met genotype and functional activity in the hippocampus during episodic and working memory tasks in healthy young adults. Specifically, studies have found that met carriers exhibit both poorer performance and reduced neural activity within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) when performing episodic memory tasks. However, these studies have not been well replicated and have not considered the role of behavioral differences in the interpretation of neural differences. The current study sought to control for cognitive performance in investigating the role of the BDNF val66met genotype on neural activity associated with episodic memory. Across item and relational memory tests, met carriers exhibited increased MTL activation during both encoding and retrieval stages, compared to noncarriers. The results suggest that met carriers are able to recruit MTL activity to support successful memory processes, and reductions in cognitive performance observed in prior studies are not a ubiquitous effect associated with variants of the BDNF val66met genotype.}, Doi = {10.1002/hipo.20809}, Key = {fds251031} } @article{fds251041, Author = {St Jacques and PL and Conway, MA and Lowder, MW and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Watching my mind unfold versus yours: an fMRI study using a novel camera technology to examine neural differences in self-projection of self versus other perspectives.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {23}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1275-1284}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20521858}, Abstract = {Self-projection, the capacity to re-experience the personal past and to mentally infer another person's perspective, has been linked to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In particular, ventral mPFC is associated with inferences about one's own self, whereas dorsal mPFC is associated with inferences about another individual. In the present fMRI study, we examined self-projection using a novel camera technology, which employs a sensor and timer to automatically take hundreds of photographs when worn, in order to create dynamic visuospatial cues taken from a first-person perspective. This allowed us to ask participants to self-project into the personal past or into the life of another person. We predicted that self-projection to the personal past would elicit greater activity in ventral mPFC, whereas self-projection of another perspective would rely on dorsal mPFC. There were three main findings supporting this prediction. First, we found that self-projection to the personal past recruited greater ventral mPFC, whereas observing another person's perspective recruited dorsal mPFC. Second, activity in ventral versus dorsal mPFC was sensitive to parametric modulation on each trial by the ability to relive the personal past or to understand another's perspective, respectively. Third, task-related functional connectivity analysis revealed that ventral mPFC contributed to the medial temporal lobe network linked to memory processes, whereas dorsal mPFC contributed to the fronto-parietal network linked to controlled processes. In sum, these results suggest that ventral-dorsal subregions of the anterior midline are functionally dissociable and may differentially contribute to self-projection of self versus other.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2010.21518}, Key = {fds251041} } @article{fds251040, Author = {Ritchey, M and Dolcos, F and Eddington, KM and Strauman, TJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural correlates of emotional processing in depression: changes with cognitive behavioral therapy and predictors of treatment response.}, Journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, Volume = {45}, Number = {5}, Pages = {577-587}, Year = {2011}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934190}, Abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the presence of disturbances in emotional processing. However, the neural correlates of these alterations, and how they may be affected by therapeutic interventions, remain unclear. The present study addressed these issues in a preliminary investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural responses to positive, negative, and neutral pictures in unmedicated MDD patients (N = 22) versus controls (N = 14). After this initial scan, MDD patients were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and scanned again after treatment. Within regions that showed pre-treatment differences between patients and controls, we tested the association between pre-treatment activity and subsequent treatment response as well as activity changes from pre- to post-treatment. This study yielded three main findings. First, prior to treatment and relative to controls, patients exhibited overall reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), diminished discrimination between emotional and neutral items in the amygdala, caudate, and hippocampus, and enhanced responses to negative versus positive stimuli in the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and right dorsolateral PFC. Second, CBT-related symptom improvement in MDD patients was predicted by increased activity at baseline in ventromedial PFC as well as the valence effects in the ATL and dorsolateral PFC. Third, from pre- to post-treatment, MDD patients exhibited overall increases in ventromedial PFC activation, enhanced arousal responses in the amygdala, caudate, and hippocampus, and a reversal of valence effects in the ATL. The study was limited by the relatively small sample that was able to complete both scan sessions, as well as an inability to determine the influence of comorbid disorders within the current sample. Nevertheless, components of the neural networks corresponding to emotion processing disturbances in MDD appear to resolve following treatment and are predictive of treatment response, possibly reflecting improvements in emotion regulation processes in response to CBT.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.007}, Key = {fds251040} } @article{fds344693, Author = {Shafer, A and Iordan, A and Cabeza, R and Dolcos, F}, Title = {Brain imaging investigation of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion.}, Journal = {Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE}, Number = {51}, Pages = {2433}, Year = {2011}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/2433}, Abstract = {Emotional events tend to be better remembered than non-emotional events. One goal of cognitive and affective neuroscientists is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying this enhancing effect of emotion on memory. A method that has proven particularly influential in the investigation of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion is the so-called subsequent memory paradigm (SMP). This method was originally used to investigate the neural correlates of non-emotional memories, and more recently we and others also applied it successfully to studies of emotional memory (reviewed in). Here, we describe a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion using the SMP in conjunction with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An important feature of the SMP is that it allows separation of brain activity specifically associated with memory from more general activity associated with perception. Moreover, in the context of investigating the impact of emotional stimuli, SMP allows identification of brain regions whose activity is susceptible to emotional modulation of both general/perceptual and memory-specific processing. This protocol can be used in healthy subjects, as well as in clinical patients where there are alterations in the neural correlates of emotion perception and biases in remembering emotional events, such as those suffering from depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).}, Doi = {10.3791/2433}, Key = {fds344693} } @article{fds251033, Author = {Huijbers, W and Pennartz, CMA and Cabeza, R and Daselaar, SM}, Title = {The hippocampus is coupled with the default network during memory retrieval but not during memory encoding.}, Journal = {PloS one}, Volume = {6}, Number = {4}, Pages = {e17463}, Year = {2011}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21494597}, Abstract = {The brain's default mode network (DMN) is activated during internally-oriented tasks and shows strong coherence in spontaneous rest activity. Despite a surge of recent interest, the functional role of the DMN remains poorly understood. Interestingly, the DMN activates during retrieval of past events but deactivates during encoding of novel events into memory. One hypothesis is that these opposing effects reflect a difference between attentional orienting towards internal events, such as retrieved memories, vs. external events, such as to-be-encoded stimuli. Another hypothesis is that hippocampal regions are coupled with the DMN during retrieval but decoupled from the DMN during encoding. The present fMRI study investigated these two hypotheses by combining a resting-state coherence analysis with a task that measured the encoding and retrieval of both internally-generated and externally-presented events. Results revealed that the main DMN regions were activated during retrieval but deactivated during encoding. Counter to the internal orienting hypothesis, this pattern was not modulated by whether memory events were internal or external. Consistent with the hippocampal coupling hypothesis, the hippocampus behaved like other DMN regions during retrieval but not during encoding. Taken together, our findings clarify the relationship between the DMN and the neural correlates of memory retrieval and encoding.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0017463}, Key = {fds251033} } @article{fds251034, Author = {Winecoff, A and Labar, KS and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R and Huettel, SA}, Title = {Cognitive and neural contributors to emotion regulation in aging.}, Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci}, Volume = {6}, Number = {2}, Pages = {165-176}, Year = {2011}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20385663}, Abstract = {Older adults, compared to younger adults, focus on emotional well-being. While the lifespan trajectory of emotional processing and its regulation has been characterized behaviorally, few studies have investigated the underlying neural mechanisms. Here, older adults (range: 59-73 years) and younger adults (range: 19-33 years) participated in a cognitive reappraisal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. On each trial, participants viewed positive, negative or neutral pictures and either naturally experienced the image ('Experience' condition) or attempted to detach themselves from the image ('Reappraise' condition). Across both age groups, cognitive reappraisal activated prefrontal regions similar to those reported in prior studies of emotion regulation, while emotional experience activated the bilateral amygdala. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and amygdala demonstrated greater inverse connectivity during the 'Reappraise' condition relative to the 'Experience' condition. The only regions exhibiting significant age differences were the left IFG and the left superior temporal gyrus, for which greater regulation-related activation was observed in younger adults. Controlling for age, increased performance on measures of cognition predicted greater regulation-related decreases in amygdala activation. Thus, while older and younger adults use similar brain structures for emotion regulation and experience, the functional efficacy of those structures depends on underlying cognitive ability.}, Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsq030}, Key = {fds251034} } @article{fds251037, Author = {Dew, ITZ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The porous boundaries between explicit and implicit memory: behavioral and neural evidence.}, Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, Volume = {1224}, Pages = {174-190}, Year = {2011}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21486300}, Abstract = {Explicit memory refers to the conscious retrieval of past information or experiences, whereas implicit memory refers to an unintentional or nonconscious form of retrieval. Much of the literature in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience has focused on differences between explicit and implicit memory, and the traditional view is that they rely on distinct brain systems. However, the potential interplay between implicit and explicit memory is not always clear. This review draws from behavioral and functional neuroimaging evidence to evaluate three areas in which implicit and explicit memory may be interrelated. First, we discuss views of familiarity-based recognition in terms of its relationship with implicit memory. Second, we review the challenges of distinguishing between implicit memory and involuntary aware memory, at both behavioral and neural levels. Finally, we examine evidence indicating that implicit and explicit retrieval of relational information may rely on a common neural mechanism. Taken together, these areas indicate that, under certain circumstances, there may be an important and influential relationship between conscious and nonconscious expressions of memory.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05946.x}, Key = {fds251037} } @article{fds251039, Author = {Ritchey, M and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Level of processing modulates the neural correlates of emotional memory formation.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {23}, Number = {4}, Pages = {757-771}, Year = {2011}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20350176}, Abstract = {Emotion is known to influence multiple aspects of memory formation, including the initial encoding of the memory trace and its consolidation over time. However, the neural mechanisms whereby emotion impacts memory encoding remain largely unexplored. The present study used a levels-of-processing manipulation to characterize the impact of emotion on encoding with and without the influence of elaborative processes. Participants viewed emotionally negative, neutral, and positive scenes under two conditions: a shallow condition focused on the perceptual features of the scenes and a deep condition that queried their semantic meaning. Recognition memory was tested 2 days later. Results showed that emotional memory enhancements were greatest in the shallow condition. fMRI analyses revealed that the right amygdala predicted subsequent emotional memory in the shallow more than deep condition, whereas the right ventrolateral PFC demonstrated the reverse pattern. Furthermore, the association of these regions with the hippocampus was modulated by valence: the amygdala-hippocampal link was strongest for negative stimuli, whereas the prefrontal-hippocampal link was strongest for positive stimuli. Taken together, these results suggest two distinct activation patterns underlying emotional memory formation: an amygdala component that promotes memory during shallow encoding, especially for negative information, and a prefrontal component that provides extra benefits during deep encoding, especially for positive information.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2010.21487}, Key = {fds251039} } @article{fds251038, Author = {Ritchey, M and Bessette-Symons, B and Hayes, SM and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Emotion processing in the aging brain is modulated by semantic elaboration.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {49}, Number = {4}, Pages = {640-650}, Year = {2011}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20869375}, Abstract = {The neural correlates of emotion processing have been shown to vary with age: older adults (OAs) exhibit increased frontal activations and, under some circumstances, decreased amygdala activations relative to young adults (YAs) during emotion processing. Some of these differences are additionally modulated by valence, with age-related biases toward positive versus negative stimuli, and are thought to depend on OAs' capacity for controlled elaboration. However, the role of semantic elaboration in mediating valence effects in the aging brain has not yet been explicitly tested. In the present study, YAs and OAs were scanned while they viewed negative, neutral, and positive pictures during either a deep, elaborative task or a shallow, perceptual task. fMRI results reveal that emotion-related activity in the amygdala is preserved in aging and insensitive to elaboration demands. This study provides novel evidence that differences in valence processing are modulated by elaboration: relative to YAs, OAs show enhanced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventrolateral PFC in response to positive versus negative stimuli, but only during elaborative processing. These positive valence effects are predicted by individual differences in executive function in OAs for the deep but not shallow task. Finally, psychophysiological interaction analyses reveal age effects on valence-dependent functional connectivity between medial PFC and ventral striatum, as well as age and task effects on medial PFC-retrosplenial cortex interactions. Altogether, these findings provide support for the hypothesis that valence shifts in the aging brain are mediated by controlled processes such as semantic elaboration, self-referential processing, and emotion regulation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.009}, Key = {fds251038} } @article{fds337654, Author = {Cerrolaza, JJ and Osma, V and Sáenz, N and Villanueva, A and Gutiérrez, JM and Godino, JI and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Full-automatic glottis segmentation with active shape models}, Journal = {Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications - 7th International Workshop, MAVEBA 2011}, Pages = {35-38}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9788866550099}, Abstract = {In this paper we present a new fullautomatic glottis segmentation scheme that combines traditional bottom-up image processing techniques with high-level shape constraints provided by the active shape Models. unlike previous statistical segmentation approaches, which try to accurately detect the location of the glottis as initialization for the algorithm, we incorporate a new reliability score selector at the final stage of the scheme. the result is a robust and flexible algorithm able to deal with most acquisition techniques, even with stroboscopic videos. the good behavior of the algorithm has been successfully tested in a set of 170 frames extracted from 30 stroboscopic recordings.}, Key = {fds337654} } @article{fds251035, Author = {Tsukiura, T and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Remembering beauty: roles of orbitofrontal and hippocampal regions in successful memory encoding of attractive faces.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {54}, Number = {1}, Pages = {653-660}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20659568}, Abstract = {Behavioral data have shown that attractive faces are better remembered but the neural mechanisms of this effect are largely unknown. To investigate this issue, female participants were scanned with event-related functional MRI (fMRI) while rating the attractiveness of male faces. Memory for the faces was tested after fMRI scanning and was used to identify successful encoding activity (subsequent memory paradigm). As expected, attractive faces were remembered better than other faces. The study yielded three main fMRI findings. First, activity in the right orbitofrontal cortex increased linearly as a function of attractiveness ratings. Second, activity in the left hippocampus increased as a function of subsequent memory (subsequent misses<low confidence hits<high confidence hits). Third, functional connectivity between these orbitofrontal and hippocampal regions was stronger during the encoding of attractive than neutral or unattractive faces. These results suggest that better memory for attractive faces reflects greater interaction between a region associated with reward, the orbitofrontal cortex, and a region associated with successful memory encoding, the hippocampus.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.046}, Key = {fds251035} } @article{fds251036, Author = {Tsukiura, T and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Shared brain activity for aesthetic and moral judgments: implications for the Beauty-is-Good stereotype.}, Journal = {Social cognitive and affective neuroscience}, Volume = {6}, Number = {1}, Pages = {138-148}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20231177}, Abstract = {The Beauty-is-Good stereotype refers to the assumption that attractive people possess sociably desirable personalities and higher moral standards. The existence of this bias suggests that the neural mechanisms for judging facial attractiveness and moral goodness overlap. To investigate this idea, we scanned participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they made attractiveness judgments about faces and goodness judgments about hypothetical actions. Activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex increased as a function of both attractiveness and goodness ratings, whereas activity in the insular cortex decreased with both attractiveness and goodness ratings. Within each of these regions, the activations elicited by attractiveness and goodness judgments were strongly correlated with each other, supporting the idea of similar contributions of each region to both judgments. Moreover, activations in orbitofrontal and insular cortices were negatively correlated with each other, suggesting an opposing relationship between these regions during attractiveness and goodness judgments. These findings have implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of the Beauty-is-Good stereotype.}, Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsq025}, Key = {fds251036} } @article{fds198750, Author = {Dennis, N. A. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Age-related dedifferentiation of learning systems: an fMRI study of implicit and explicit learning.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {672-683}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds198750} } @article{fds251046, Author = {Hayes, SM and Baena, E and Truong, T-K and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural mechanisms of context effects on face recognition: automatic binding and context shift decrements.}, Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {22}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2541-2554}, Year = {2010}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19925208}, Abstract = {Although people do not normally try to remember associations between faces and physical contexts, these associations are established automatically, as indicated by the difficulty of recognizing familiar faces in different contexts ("butcher-on-the-bus" phenomenon). The present fMRI study investigated the automatic binding of faces and scenes. In the face-face (F-F) condition, faces were presented alone during both encoding and retrieval, whereas in the face/scene-face (FS-F) condition, they were presented overlaid on scenes during encoding but alone during retrieval (context change). Although participants were instructed to focus only on the faces during both encoding and retrieval, recognition performance was worse in the FS-F than in the F-F condition ("context shift decrement" [CSD]), confirming automatic face-scene binding during encoding. This binding was mediated by the hippocampus as indicated by greater subsequent memory effects (remembered > forgotten) in this region for the FS-F than the F-F condition. Scene memory was mediated by right parahippocampal cortex, which was reactivated during successful retrieval when the faces were associated with a scene during encoding (FS-F condition). Analyses using the CSD as a regressor yielded a clear hemispheric asymmetry in medial temporal lobe activity during encoding: Left hippocampal and parahippocampal activity was associated with a smaller CSD, indicating more flexible memory representations immune to context changes, whereas right hippocampal/rhinal activity was associated with a larger CSD, indicating less flexible representations sensitive to context change. Taken together, the results clarify the neural mechanisms of context effects on face recognition.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2009.21379}, Key = {fds251046} } @article{fds251014, Author = {Madden, DJ and Costello, MC and Dennis, NA and Davis, SW and Shepler, AM and Spaniol, J and Bucur, B and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Adult age differences in functional connectivity during executive control.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {52}, Number = {2}, Pages = {643-657}, Year = {2010}, Month = {August}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20434565}, Abstract = {Task switching requires executive control processes that undergo age-related decline. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified age-related differences in brain activation associated with global switching effects (dual-task blocks versus single-task blocks), but age-related differences in activation during local switching effects (switch trials versus repeat trials, within blocks) have not been investigated. This experiment used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to examine adult age differences in task switching across adjacent trials (i.e., local task switching). During fMRI scanning, participants performed a cued, word categorization task. From interspersed cue-only trials, switch-related processing associated with the cue was estimated separately from the target. Activation associated with task switching, within a distributed frontoparietal network, differed for cue- and target-related processing. The magnitude of event-related activation for task switching was similar for younger adults (n=20; 18-27years) and older adults (n=20; 60-85years), although activation sustained throughout the on-tasks periods exhibited some age-related decline. Critically, the functional connectivity of switch-related regions, during cue processing, was higher for younger adults than for older adults, whereas functional connectivity during target processing was comparable across the age groups. Further, individual differences in cue-related functional connectivity shared a substantial portion of the age-related variability in the efficiency of target categorization response (drift rate). This age-related difference in functional connectivity, however, was independent of white matter integrity within task-relevant regions. These findings highlight the functional connectivity of frontoparietal activation as a potential source of age-related decline in executive control.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.249}, Key = {fds251014} } @article{fds251045, Author = {Dennis, NA and Browndyke, JN and Stokes, J and Need, A and Burke, JR and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Temporal lobe functional activity and connectivity in young adult APOE varepsilon4 carriers.}, Journal = {Alzheimers Dement}, Volume = {6}, Number = {4}, Pages = {303-311}, Year = {2010}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19744893}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: We sought to determine if the APOE epsilon4 allele influences both the functional activation and connectivity of the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) during successful memory encoding in young adults. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy young adults, i.e., 12 carriers and 12 noncarriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele, were scanned in a subsequent-memory paradigm, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neuroanatomic correlates of successful encoding were measured as greater neural activity for subsequently remembered versus forgotten task items, or in short, encoding success activity (ESA). Group differences in ESA within the MTLs, as well as whole-brain functional connectivity with the MTLs, were assessed. RESULTS: In the absence of demographic or performance differences, APOE epsilon4 allele carriers exhibited greater bilateral MTL activity relative to noncarriers while accomplishing the same encoding task. Moreover, whereas epsilon4 carriers demonstrated a greater functional connectivity of ESA-related MTL activity with the posterior cingulate and other peri-limbic regions, reductions in overall connectivity were found across the anterior and posterior cortices. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the APOE varepsilon4 allele may influence not only functional activations within the MTL, but functional connectivity of the MTLs to other regions implicated in memory encoding. Enhanced functional connectivity of the MTLs with the posterior cingulate in young adult epsilon4 carriers suggests that APOE may be expressed early in brain regions known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease, long before late-onset dementia is a practical risk or consideration. These functional connectivity differences may also reflect pleiotropic effects of APOE during early development.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.003}, Key = {fds251045} } @article{fds304650, Author = {Dennis, NA and Need, AC and LaBar, KS and Waters-Metenier, S and Cirulli, ET and Kragel, J and Goldstein, DB and Cabeza, R}, Title = {COMT val108/158 met genotype affects neural but not cognitive processing in healthy individuals.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {20}, Number = {3}, Pages = {672-683}, Year = {2010}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641018}, Abstract = {The relationship between cognition and a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methlytransferase (COMT) gene, val108/158met, is one of debate in the literature. Furthermore, based on the dopaminergic differences associated with the COMT val108/158met genotype, neural differences during cognition may be present, regardless of genotypic differences in cognitive performance. To investigate these issues the current study aimed to 1) examine the effects of COMT genotype using a large sample of healthy individuals (n = 496-1218) and multiple cognitive measures, and using a subset of the sample (n = 22), 2) examine whether COMT genotype effects medial temporal lobe (MTL) and frontal activity during successful relational memory processing, and 3) investigate group differences in functional connectivity associated with successful relational memory processing. Results revealed no significant group difference in cognitive performance between COMT genotypes in any of the 19 cognitive measures. However, in the subset sample, COMT val homozygotes exhibited significantly decreased MTL and increased prefrontal activity during both successful relational encoding and retrieval, and reduced connectivity between these regions compared with met homozygotes. Taken together, the results suggest that although the COMT val108/158met genotype has no effect on cognitive behavioral measures in healthy individuals, it is associated with differences in neural process underlying cognitive output.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhp132}, Key = {fds304650} } @article{fds251042, Author = {Botzung, A and Rubin, DC and Miles, A and Cabeza, R and Labar, KS}, Title = {Mental hoop diaries: emotional memories of a college basketball game in rival fans.}, Volume = {30}, Number = {6}, Pages = {2130-2137}, Publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, Year = {2010}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20147540}, Abstract = {The rivalry between the men's basketball teams of Duke University and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (UNC) is one of the most storied traditions in college sports. A subculture of students at each university form social bonds with fellow fans, develop expertise in college basketball rules, team statistics, and individual players, and self-identify as a member of a fan group. The present study capitalized on the high personal investment of these fans and the strong affective tenor of a Duke-UNC basketball game to examine the neural correlates of emotional memory retrieval for a complex sporting event. Male fans watched a competitive, archived game in a social setting. During a subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging session, participants viewed video clips depicting individual plays of the game that ended with the ball being released toward the basket. For each play, participants recalled whether or not the shot went into the basket. Hemodynamic signal changes time locked to correct memory decisions were analyzed as a function of emotional intensity and valence, according to the fan's perspective. Results showed intensity-modulated retrieval activity in midline cortical structures, sensorimotor cortex, the striatum, and the medial temporal lobe, including the amygdala. Positively valent memories specifically recruited processing in dorsal frontoparietal regions, and additional activity in the insula and medial temporal lobe for positively valent shots recalled with high confidence. This novel paradigm reveals how brain regions implicated in emotion, memory retrieval, visuomotor imagery, and social cognition contribute to the recollection of specific plays in the mind of a sports fan.}, Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2481-09.2010}, Key = {fds251042} } @article{fds251043, Author = {St Jacques and P and Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of aging on functional connectivity of the amygdala during negative evaluation: a network analysis of fMRI data.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of aging}, Volume = {31}, Number = {2}, Pages = {315-327}, Year = {2010}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18455837}, Abstract = {Previous evidence has suggested both preserved emotional function in aging and age-related differences in emotional processing, but the neural networks underlying such processing alterations in the context of preserved affective function are not clear. Using event-related fMRI, we scanned young and older adults while they made valence ratings for emotional pictures. Behavioral results showed a similar pattern of emotional evaluation, but older adults experienced negatively valenced pictures as being less negative. Consistent with behavioral findings, we identified common activity in the right amygdala, but age-related differences in the functional connectivity of this region with the rest of the brain. Compared to young adults, older adults had greater functional connectivity between the right amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate cortex, possibly reflecting increased emotional regulation. Conversely, older adults showed decreased functional connectivity with posterior brain regions, likely reflecting decreased perceptual processing. Thus, age-related differences in evaluating negatively valenced stimuli might reflect decreased perceptual processing of these stimuli, as well as the engagement of control processes that inhibit the response to negative emotion.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.03.012}, Key = {fds251043} } @article{fds251049, Author = {Kim, H and Daselaar, SM and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Overlapping brain activity between episodic memory encoding and retrieval: roles of the task-positive and task-negative networks.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1045-1054}, Year = {2010}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647800}, Abstract = {The notion that the brain is organized into two complementary networks, one that is task-positive and supports externally-oriented processing, and the other that is task-negative and supports internally-oriented processing, has recently attracted increasing attention. The goal of the present study was to investigate involvement of the task-positive and task-negative networks in overlapping activity between episodic memory encoding and retrieval. To this end, we performed a functional MRI study that included both encoding and retrieval tasks. We hypothesized that during the study phase, encoding success activity (remembered > forgotten) involves mainly the task-positive network, whereas encoding failure activity (forgotten > remembered) involves mainly the task-negative network. We also hypothesized that during the test phase, retrieval success activity (old > new) involves mainly the task-negative network, whereas novelty detection activity (new > old) involves mainly the task-positive network. Based on these hypotheses, we made 3 predictions regarding study-test overlap. First, there would be relatively high level of overlap between encoding success and novelty detection activity involving the task-positive network. Second, there would be relatively high level of overlap between encoding failure and retrieval success activity involving the task-negative network. Third, there would be relatively low level of overlap between encoding success and retrieval success activity as well as between encoding failure and novelty detection activity. The results fully confirmed our 3 predictions. Taken together, the present findings clarify roles of the task-positive and task-negative networks in encoding and retrieval and the function of overlapping brain activity between encoding and retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.058}, Key = {fds251049} } @article{fds184050, Author = {Dennis, N.A. and Browndyke, J.N. and Stokes, J. and Need, A. and Goldstein, D. and Burke, J. and Welsh-Bohmer, K.A. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Temporal lobe functional activity and connectivity in young adult APOE e4 carriers}, Journal = {Alzheimer's & Dementia}, Pages = {301-311}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds184050} } @article{fds184053, Author = {Kim, H. and Daselaar, S.M. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Overlapping brain activity across episodic memory encoding and retrieval: Roles of the task-positive and task-negative networks}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {49}, Pages = {1045-1054}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds184053} } @article{fds186372, Author = {Dennis, N. A. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Age-related dedifferentiation of learning systems: an fMRI study of implicit and explicit learning.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {672-683}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds186372} } @article{fds251044, Author = {Dennis, NA and Need, A and LaBar, KS and Waters Metenier and S and Cirulli, ET and Kragel, J and Goldstein, DB and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Val108/158Met genotype affects neural but not cognitive processing in healthy young adults}, Journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, Volume = {20}, Number = {3}, Pages = {672-683}, Year = {2010}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641018}, Abstract = {The relationship between cognition and a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methlytransferase (COMT) gene, val108/158met, is one of debate in the literature. Furthermore, based on the dopaminergic differences associated with the COMT val108/158met genotype, neural differences during cognition may be present, regardless of genotypic differences in cognitive performance. To investigate these issues the current study aimed to 1) examine the effects of COMT genotype using a large sample of healthy individuals (n = 496-1218) and multiple cognitive measures, and using a subset of the sample (n = 22), 2) examine whether COMT genotype effects medial temporal lobe (MTL) and frontal activity during successful relational memory processing, and 3) investigate group differences in functional connectivity associated with successful relational memory processing. Results revealed no significant group difference in cognitive performance between COMT genotypes in any of the 19 cognitive measures. However, in the subset sample, COMT val homozygotes exhibited significantly decreased MTL and increased prefrontal activity during both successful relational encoding and retrieval, and reduced connectivity between these regions compared with met homozygotes. Taken together, the results suggest that although the COMT val108/158met genotype has no effect on cognitive behavioral measures in healthy individuals, it is associated with differences in neural process underlying cognitive output.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhp132}, Key = {fds251044} } @article{fds251013, Author = {St Jacques and PL and Bessette-Symons, B and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Functional neuroimaging studies of aging and emotion: fronto-amygdalar differences during emotional perception and episodic memory.}, Journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS}, Volume = {15}, Number = {6}, Pages = {819-825}, Year = {2009}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703320}, Abstract = {Emotional processes are enhanced in aging, such that aging is characterized by superior emotional regulation. This article provides a brief review of the neural bases supporting this effect with a focus on functional neuroimaging studies of perception and episodic memory. The most consistent finding across these studies is that older adults show an alteration in the recruitment of the amygdala, but greater recruitment of the frontal cortex. These Fronto-amygdalar Age-related Differences in Emotion (FADE) may reflect emotional regulation strategies mediated by frontal brain regions that dampen emotion-related activations in the amygdala.}, Doi = {10.1017/s1355617709990439}, Key = {fds251013} } @article{fds251048, Author = {Prince, SE and Dennis, NA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Encoding and retrieving faces and places: distinguishing process- and stimulus-specific differences in brain activity.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {47}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2282-2289}, Year = {2009}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19524092}, Abstract = {Among the most fundamental issues in cognitive neuroscience is how the brain may be organized into process-specific and stimulus-specific regions. In the episodic memory domain, most functional neuroimaging studies have focused on the former dimension, typically investigating the neural correlates of various memory processes. Thus, there is little information about what role stimulus-specific brain regions play in successful memory processes. To address this issue, the present event-related fMRI study used a factorial design to focus on the role of stimulus-specific brain regions, such as the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA) in successful encoding and retrieval processes. Searching within regions sensitive to faces or places, we identified areas similarly involved in encoding and retrieval, as well as areas differentially involved in encoding or retrieval. Finally, we isolated regions associated with successful memory, regardless of stimulus and process type. There were three main findings. Within face sensitive regions, anterior medial PFC and right FFA displayed equivalent encoding and retrieval success processes whereas left FFA was associated with successful encoding rather than retrieval. Within place sensitive regions, left PPA displayed equivalent encoding and retrieval success processes whereas right PPA was associated with successful encoding rather than retrieval. Finally, medial temporal and prefrontal regions were associated with general memory success, regardless of stimulus or process type. Taken together, our results clarify the contribution of different brain regions to stimulus- and process-specific episodic memory mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.021}, Key = {fds251048} } @article{fds251054, Author = {Eddington, KM and Dolcos, F and McLean, AN and Krishnan, KR and Cabeza, R and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Neural correlates of idiographic goal priming in depression: goal-specific dysfunctions in the orbitofrontal cortex.}, Journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci}, Volume = {4}, Number = {3}, Pages = {238-246}, Year = {2009}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433416}, Abstract = {We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine whether depressed (vs non-depressed) adults showed differences in cortical activation in response to stimuli representing personal goals. Drawing upon regulatory focus theory as well as previous research, we predicted that depressed patients would manifest attenuated left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activation in response to their own promotion goals as well as exaggerated right OFC activation in response to their own prevention goals. Unmedicated adults with major depression (n = 22) and adults with no history of affective disorder (n = 14) completed questionnaires and a personal goal interview. Several weeks later, they were scanned during a judgment task which (unknown to them) included stimuli representing their promotion and prevention goals. Both groups showed similar patterns of task-related activation. Consistent with predictions, patients showed significantly decreased left OFC and increased right OFC activation compared to controls on trials in which they were exposed incidentally to their promotion and prevention goals, respectively. The results suggest that depression involves dysfunction in processing two important types of personal goals. The findings extend models of the etiology of depression to incorporate cognitive and motivational processes underlying higher order goal representation and ultimately may provide an empirical basis for treatment matching.}, Doi = {10.1093/scan/nsp016}, Key = {fds251054} } @article{fds251050, Author = {Kim, H and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Common and specific brain regions in high- versus low-confidence recognition memory.}, Journal = {Brain research}, Volume = {1282}, Pages = {103-113}, Year = {2009}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501072}, Abstract = {The goal of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate whether and to what extent brain regions involved in high-confidence recognition (HCR) versus low-confidence recognition (LCR) overlap or separate from each other. To this end, we performed conjunction analyses involving activations elicited during high-confidence hit, low-confidence hit, and high-confidence correct rejection responses. The analyses yielded 3 main findings. First, sensory/perceptual and associated posterior regions were common to HCR and LCR, indicating contribution of these regions to both HCR and LCR activity. This finding may help explain why these regions are among the most common in functional neuroimaging studies of episodic retrieval. Second, medial temporal lobe (MTL) and associated midline regions were associated with HCR, possibly reflecting recollection-related processes, whereas specific prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions were associated with LCR, possibly reflecting executive control processes. This finding is consistent with the notion that the MTL and PFC networks play complementary roles during episodic retrieval. Finally, within posterior parietal cortex, a dorsal region was associated with LCR, possibly reflecting top-down attentional processes, whereas a ventral region was associated with HCR, possibly reflecting bottom-up attentional processes. This finding may help explain why functional neuroimaging studies have found diverse parietal effects during episodic retrieval. Taken together, our findings provide strong evidence that HCR versus LCR, and by implication, recollection versus familiarity processes, are represented in common as well as specific brain regions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.080}, Key = {fds251050} } @article{fds251052, Author = {Davis, SW and Dennis, NA and Buchler, NG and White, LE and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Assessing the effects of age on long white matter tracts using diffusion tensor tractography.}, Journal = {Neuroimage}, Volume = {46}, Number = {2}, Pages = {530-541}, Year = {2009}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19385018}, Abstract = {Aging is associated with significant white matter deterioration and this deterioration is assumed to be at least partly a consequence of myelin degeneration. The present study investigated specific predictions of the myelodegeneration hypothesis using diffusion tensor tractography. This technique has several advantages over other methods of assessing white matter architecture, including the possibility of isolating individual white matter tracts and measuring effects along the whole extent of each tract. The study yielded three main findings. First, age-related white matter deficits increased gradually from posterior to anterior segments within specific fiber tracts traversing frontal and parietal, but not temporal cortex. This pattern inverts the sequence of myelination during childhood and early development observed in previous studies and lends support to a "last-in-first-out" theory of the white matter health across the lifespan. Second, both the effects of aging on white matter and their impact on cognitive performance were stronger for radial diffusivity (RD) than for axial diffusivity (AD). Given that RD has previously been shown to be more sensitive to myelin integrity than AD, this second finding is also consistent with the myelodegeneration hypothesis. Finally, the effects of aging on select white matter tracts were associated with age difference in specific cognitive functions. Specifically, FA in anterior tracts was shown to be primarily associated with executive tasks and FA in posterior tracts mainly associated with visual memory tasks. Furthermore, these correlations were mirrored in RD, but not AD, suggesting that RD is more sensitive to age-related changes in cognition. Taken together, the results help to clarify how age-related white matter decline impairs cognitive performance.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.068}, Key = {fds251052} } @article{fds251055, Author = {Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Costello, MC and Bucur, B and White, LE and Cabeza, R and Davis, SW and Dennis, NA and Provenzale, JM and Huettel, SA}, Title = {Cerebral white matter integrity mediates adult age differences in cognitive performance.}, Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {21}, Number = {2}, Pages = {289-302}, Year = {2009}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18564054}, Abstract = {Previous research has established that age-related decline occurs in measures of cerebral white matter integrity, but the role of this decline in age-related cognitive changes is not clear. To conclude that white matter integrity has a mediating (causal) contribution, it is necessary to demonstrate that statistical control of the white matter-cognition relation reduces the magnitude of age-cognition relation. In this research, we tested the mediating role of white matter integrity, in the context of a task-switching paradigm involving word categorization. Participants were 20 healthy, community-dwelling older adults (60-85 years), and 20 younger adults (18-27 years). From diffusion tensor imaging tractography, we obtained fractional anisotropy (FA) as an index of white matter integrity in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Mean FA values exhibited age-related decline consistent with a decrease in white matter integrity. From a model of reaction time distributions, we obtained independent estimates of the decisional and nondecisional (perceptual-motor) components of task performance. Age-related decline was evident in both components. Critically, age differences in task performance were mediated by FA in two regions: the central portion of the genu, and splenium-parietal fibers in the right hemisphere. This relation held only for the decisional component and was not evident in the nondecisional component. This result is the first demonstration that the integrity of specific white matter tracts is a mediator of age-related changes in cognitive performance.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2009.21047}, Key = {fds251055} } @article{fds251011, Author = {St Jacques and PL and Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of aging on functional connectivity of the amygdala for subsequent memory of negative pictures: a network analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data.}, Journal = {Psychological science}, Volume = {20}, Number = {1}, Pages = {74-84}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19152542}, Abstract = {Aging is associated with preserved enhancement of emotional memory, as well as with age-related reductions in memory for negative stimuli, but the neural networks underlying such alterations are not clear. We used a subsequent-memory paradigm to identify brain activity predicting enhanced emotional memory in young and older adults. Activity in the amygdala predicted enhanced emotional memory, with subsequent-memory activity greater for negative stimuli than for neutral stimuli, across age groups, a finding consistent with an overall enhancement of emotional memory. However, older adults recruited greater activity in anterior regions and less activity in posterior regions in general for negative stimuli that were subsequently remembered. Functional connectivity of the amygdala with the rest of the brain was consistent with age-related reductions in memory for negative stimuli: Older adults showed decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus, but increased functional connectivity between the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. These findings suggest that age-related differences in the enhancement of emotional memory might reflect decreased connectivity between the amygdala and typical subsequent-memory regions, as well as the engagement of regulatory processes that inhibit emotional responses.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02258.x}, Key = {fds251011} } @article{fds251012, Author = {Huijbers, W and Pennartz, CM and Cabeza, R and Daselaar, SM}, Title = {When learning and remembering compete: a functional MRI study.}, Journal = {PLoS biology}, Volume = {7}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e11}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19143473}, Abstract = {Recent functional neuroimaging evidence suggests a bottleneck between learning new information and remembering old information. In two behavioral experiments and one functional MRI (fMRI) experiment, we tested the hypothesis that learning and remembering compete when both processes happen within a brief period of time. In the first behavioral experiment, participants intentionally remembered old words displayed in the foreground, while incidentally learning new scenes displayed in the background. In line with a memory competition, we found that remembering old information was associated with impaired learning of new information. We replicated this finding in a subsequent fMRI experiment, which showed that this behavioral effect was coupled with a suppression of learning-related activity in visual and medial temporal areas. Moreover, the fMRI experiment provided evidence that left mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in resolving the memory competition, possibly by facilitating rapid switching between learning and remembering. Critically, a follow-up behavioral experiment in which the background scenes were replaced with a visual target detection task provided indications that the competition between learning and remembering was not merely due to attention. This study not only provides novel insight into our capacity to learn and remember, but also clarifies the neural mechanisms underlying flexible behavior.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.1000011}, Key = {fds251012} } @article{fds251051, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Prince, SE and Dennis, NA and Hayes, SM and Kim, H and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Posterior midline and ventral parietal activity is associated with retrieval success and encoding failure.}, Journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience}, Volume = {3}, Number = {13}, Pages = {13}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680466}, Abstract = {The ventral part of lateral posterior parietal cortex (VPC) and the posterior midline region (PMR), including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, tend to show deactivation during demanding cognitive tasks, and have been associated with the default mode of the brain. Interestingly, PMR and VPC activity has been associated with successful episodic retrieval but also with unsuccessful episodic encoding. However, the differential contributions of PMR and VPC to retrieval vs. encoding has never been demonstrated within-subjects and within the same experiment. Here, we directly tested the prediction that PMR and VPC activity should be associated with retrieval success but with encoding failure. Consistent with this prediction, we found across five different fMRI experiments that, during retrieval, activity in these regions is greater for hits than misses, whereas during encoding, it is greater for subsequent misses than hits. We also found that these regions overlap with the ones that show deactivations during conscious rest. Our findings further aid in clarifying the role of the default mode regions in learning and memory.}, Doi = {10.3389/neuro.09.013.2009}, Key = {fds251051} } @article{fds337657, Author = {Gila, L and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {[Physiopathology and recording techniques of the ocular movements].}, Journal = {Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra}, Volume = {32 Suppl 3}, Pages = {9-26}, Year = {2009}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.23938/assn.0152}, Abstract = {A number of functional systems are involved in the control of eye movements. The vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes are automatic responses that compensate for the movements of the head and those of the visual environment in order to stabilize the retinal image on a given fixation point. The saccadic movements are quick displacements of fixation from one to another point in the visual field. The smooth pursuit movements consist in the gaze following a moving target. Finally, there are some involuntary movements of very small amplitude during fixation maintenance. Each functional modality of movement depends on specific neuronal circuits that work in a coordinated manner for encoding the contraction of the oculomotor muscles to reach an adequate position at every moment. These neuronal systems can be altered by many neurological processes of different kinds and localizations, causing a broad variety of oculomotor disturbances. The most salient aspects of the physiopathology and the recording systems of eye movements are reviewed.}, Doi = {10.23938/assn.0152}, Key = {fds337657} } @article{fds251053, Author = {Huijbers, W and Pennartz, CMA and Cabeza, R and Daselaar, SM}, Title = {When remembering hinders learning}, Journal = {PLoS Biology}, Volume = {7}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds251053} } @article{fds337659, Author = {Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Evaluation of corneal refraction in a model of a gaze tracking system.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering}, Volume = {55}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2812-2822}, Year = {2008}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2002152}, Abstract = {The complexity of corneal refraction modeling complicates geometrical analysis of gaze tracking systems. The task can be accomplished in different ways by means of different approximations. Depending on the assumptions made, errors can arise and the accuracy of trackers can end up determined to an excessive degree by the hardware setup and subject parameters. In this study, keeping the hardware and eye model the same, we compare different methods for evaluation of corneal refraction. Our results show that the approximated methods are sensitive to the calibration of the system and less robust to noise. The nonapproximated method removes any dependency on setup and allows clear differentiation between hardware and subject's calibration.}, Doi = {10.1109/tbme.2008.2002152}, Key = {fds337659} } @article{fds251056, Author = {Ritchey, M and Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Role of amygdala connectivity in the persistence of emotional memories over time: an event-related FMRI investigation.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {18}, Number = {11}, Pages = {2494-2504}, Year = {2008}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375529}, Abstract = {According to the consolidation hypothesis, enhanced memory for emotional information reflects the modulatory effect of the amygdala on the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system during consolidation. Although there is evidence that amygdala-MTL connectivity enhances memory for emotional stimuli, it remains unclear whether this enhancement increases over time, as consolidation processes unfold. To investigate this, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure encoding activity predicting memory for emotionally negative and neutral pictures after short (20-min) versus long (1-week) delays. Memory measures distinguished between vivid remembering (recollection) and feelings of knowing (familiarity). Consistent with the consolidation hypothesis, the persistence of recollection over time (long divided by short) was greater for emotional than neutral pictures. Activity in the amygdala predicted subsequent memory to a greater extent for emotional than neutral pictures. Although this advantage did not vary with delay, the contribution of amygdala-MTL connectivity to subsequent memory for emotional items increased over time. Moreover, both this increase in connectivity and amygdala activity itself were correlated with individual differences in recollection persistence for emotional but not neutral pictures. These results suggest that the amygdala and its connectivity with the MTL are critical to sustaining emotional memories over time, consistent with the consolidation hypothesis.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhm262}, Key = {fds251056} } @article{fds251062, Author = {Dennis, NA and Kim, H and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related differences in brain activity during true and false memory retrieval.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {20}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1390-1402}, Year = {2008}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18303982}, Abstract = {Compared to young adults, older adults show not only a reduction in true memories but also an increase in false memories. We investigated the neural bases of these age effects using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a false memory task that resembles the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Young and older participants were scanned during a word recognition task that included studied words and new words that were strongly associated with studied words (critical lures). During correct recognition of studied words (true memory), older adults showed weaker activity than young adults in the hippocampus but stronger activity than young adults in the retrosplenial cortex. The hippocampal reduction is consistent with age-related deficits in recollection, whereas the retrosplenial increase suggests compensatory recruitment of alternative recollection-related regions. During incorrect recognition of critical lures (false memory), older adults displayed stronger activity than young adults in the left lateral temporal cortex, a region involved in semantic processing and semantic gist. Taken together, the results suggest that older adults' deficits in true memories reflect a decline in recollection processes mediated by the hippocampus, whereas their increased tendency to have false memories reflects their reliance on semantic gist mediated by the lateral temporal cortex.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20096}, Key = {fds251062} } @article{fds251065, Author = {Cabeza, R and Ciaramelli, E and Olson, IR and Moscovitch, M}, Title = {The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an attentional account.}, Journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience}, Volume = {9}, Number = {8}, Pages = {613-625}, Year = {2008}, Month = {August}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641668}, Abstract = {The contribution of the parietal cortex to episodic memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle. On the one hand, parietal lesions do not normally yield severe episodic-memory deficits; on the other hand, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of episodic memory. A review of these two categories of evidence suggests that the answer to the puzzle requires us to distinguish between the contributions of dorsal and ventral parietal regions and between the influence of top-down and bottom-up attention on memory.}, Doi = {10.1038/nrn2459}, Key = {fds251065} } @article{fds337660, Author = {Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {A novel gaze estimation system with one calibration point.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society}, Volume = {38}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1123-1138}, Year = {2008}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2008.926606}, Abstract = {The design of robust and high-performance gaze-tracking systems is one of the most important objectives of the eye-tracking community. In general, a subject calibration procedure is needed to learn system parameters and be able to estimate the gaze direction accurately. In this paper, we attempt to determine if subject calibration can be eliminated. A geometric analysis of a gaze-tracking system is conducted to determine user calibration requirements. The eye model used considers the offset between optical and visual axes, the refraction of the cornea, and Donder's law. This paper demonstrates the minimal number of cameras, light sources, and user calibration points needed to solve for gaze estimation. The underlying geometric model is based on glint positions and pupil ellipse in the image, and the minimal hardware needed for this model is one camera and multiple light-emitting diodes. This paper proves that subject calibration is compulsory for correct gaze estimation and proposes a model based on a single point for subject calibration. The experiments carried out show that, although two glints and one calibration point are sufficient to perform gaze estimation (error approximately 1 degree), using more light sources and calibration points can result in lower average errors.}, Doi = {10.1109/tsmcb.2008.926606}, Key = {fds337660} } @article{fds251057, Author = {Bucur, B and Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Provenzale, JM and Cabeza, R and White, LE and Huettel, SA}, Title = {Age-related slowing of memory retrieval: contributions of perceptual speed and cerebral white matter integrity.}, Journal = {Neurobiol Aging}, Volume = {29}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1070-1079}, Year = {2008}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17383774}, Abstract = {Previous research suggests that, in reaction time (RT) measures of episodic memory retrieval, the unique effects of adult age are relatively small compared to the effects aging shares with more elementary abilities such as perceptual speed. Little is known, however, regarding the mechanisms of perceptual speed. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to test the hypothesis that white matter integrity, as indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA), serves as one mechanism of perceptual slowing in episodic memory retrieval. Results indicated that declines in FA in the pericallosal frontal region and in the genu of the corpus callosum, but not in other regions, mediated the relationship between perceptual speed and episodic retrieval RT. This relation held, though to a different degree, for both hits and correct rejections. These findings suggest that white matter integrity in prefrontal regions is one mechanism underlying the relation between individual differences in perceptual speed and episodic retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.02.008}, Key = {fds251057} } @article{fds251061, Author = {St, JP and Rubin, DC and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The short and long of it: neural correlates of temporal-order memory for autobiographical events.}, Volume = {20}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1327-1341}, Publisher = {MIT Press}, Year = {2008}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18284345}, Abstract = {Previous functional neuroimaging studies of temporal-order memory have investigated memory for laboratory stimuli that are causally unrelated and poor in sensory detail. In contrast, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated temporal-order memory for autobiographical events that were causally interconnected and rich in sensory detail. Participants took photographs at many campus locations over a period of several hours, and the following day they were scanned while making temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from different locations. By manipulating the temporal lag between the two locations in each trial, we compared the neural correlates associated with reconstruction processes, which we hypothesized depended on recollection and contribute mainly to short lags, and distance processes, which we hypothesized to depend on familiarity and contribute mainly to longer lags. Consistent with our hypotheses, parametric fMRI analyses linked shorter lags to activations in regions previously associated with recollection (left prefrontal, parahippocampal, precuneus, and visual cortices), and longer lags with regions previously associated with familiarity (right prefrontal cortex). The hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal cortex activity fits very well with evidence and theories regarding the contributions of the left versus right prefrontal cortex to memory (recollection vs. familiarity processes) and cognition (systematic vs. heuristic processes). In sum, using a novel photo-paradigm, this study provided the first evidence regarding the neural correlates of temporal-order for autobiographical events.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20091}, Key = {fds251061} } @article{fds251063, Author = {Dennis, NA and Hayes, SM and Prince, SE and Madden, DJ and Huettel, SA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of aging on the neural correlates of successful item and source memory encoding.}, Journal = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn}, Volume = {34}, Number = {4}, Pages = {791-808}, Year = {2008}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0278-7393}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18605869}, Abstract = {To investigate the neural basis of age-related source memory (SM) deficits, young and older adults were scanned with fMRI while encoding faces, scenes, and face-scene pairs. Successful encoding activity was identified by comparing encoding activity for subsequently remembered versus forgotten items or pairs. Age deficits in successful encoding activity in hippocampal and prefrontal regions were more pronounced for SM (pairs) as compared with item memory (faces and scenes). Age-related reductions were also found in regions specialized in processing faces (fusiform face area) and scenes (parahippocampal place area), but these reductions were similar for item and SM. Functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the rest of the brain was also affected by aging; whereas connections with posterior cortices were weaker in older adults, connections with anterior cortices, including prefrontal regions, were stronger in older adults. Taken together, the results provide a link between SM deficits in older adults and reduced recruitment of hippocampal and prefrontal regions during encoding. The functional connectivity findings are consistent with a posterior-anterior shift with aging previously reported in several cognitive domains and linked to functional compensation.}, Doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.791}, Key = {fds251063} } @article{fds251060, Author = {Davis, SW and Dennis, NA and Daselaar, SM and Fleck, MS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Que PASA? The posterior-anterior shift in aging.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {18}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1201-1209}, Year = {2008}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925295}, Abstract = {A consistent finding from functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging is an age-related reduction in occipital activity coupled with increased frontal activity. This posterior-anterior shift in aging (PASA) has been typically attributed to functional compensation. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging sought to 1) confirm that PASA reflects the effects of aging rather than differences in task difficulty; 2) test the compensation hypothesis; and 3) investigate whether PASA generalizes to deactivations. Young and older participants were scanned during episodic retrieval and visual perceptual tasks, and age-related changes in brain activity common to both tasks were identified. The study yielded 3 main findings. First, inconsistent with a difficulty account, the PASA pattern was found across task and confidence levels when matching performance among groups. Second, supporting the compensatory hypothesis, age-related increases in frontal activity were positively correlated with performance and negatively correlated with the age-related occipital decreases. Age-related increases and correlations with parietal activity were also found. Finally, supporting the generalizability of the PASA pattern to deactivations, aging reduced deactivations in posterior midline cortex but increased deactivations in medial frontal cortex. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the validity, function, and generalizability of PASA, as well as its importance for the cognitive neuroscience of aging.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhm155}, Key = {fds251060} } @article{fds251058, Author = {Anderson, ND and Ebert, PL and Jennings, JM and Grady, CL and Cabeza, R and Graham, SJ}, Title = {Recollection- and familiarity-based memory in healthy aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.}, Journal = {Neuropsychology}, Volume = {22}, Number = {2}, Pages = {177-187}, Year = {2008}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0894-4105}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18331160}, Abstract = {Little is known about the cognitive mechanisms of the memory impairment associated with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). We explored recollection and familiarity in 27 healthy young adults, 45 healthy older adults, and 17 individuals with aMCI. Relative to the younger adults, recollection was reduced in the older adults, especially among those with aMCI. Familiarity did not differ among groups. In the healthy younger and older adults, better performance on a set of clinical memory measures that are sensitive to medial temporal lobe functioning was associated with greater recollection. In addition, among the healthy older adults better executive functioning was also associated with greater recollection. These results are consistent with the notion that recollection is a product of strategic processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex that suppport the retrieval of context-dependent memories from the hippocampus. Hippocampal atrophy associated with aMCI may disrupt this brain network, and thereby interfere with recollection.}, Doi = {10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.177}, Key = {fds251058} } @article{fds251010, Author = {Tsukiura, T and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Orbitofrontal and hippocampal contributions to memory for face-name associations: the rewarding power of a smile.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {46}, Number = {9}, Pages = {2310-2319}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18455740}, Abstract = {Memory processes can be enhanced by reward, and social signals such a smiling face can be rewarding to humans. Using event-related functional MRI (fMRI), we investigated the rewarding effect of a simple smile during the encoding and retrieval of face-name associations. During encoding, participants viewed smiling or neutral faces, each paired with a name, and during retrieval, only names were presented, and participants retrieved the associated facial expressions. Successful memory activity of face-name associations was identified by comparing remembered vs. forgotten trials during both encoding and retrieval, and the effect of a smile was identified by comparing successful memory trials for smiling vs. neutral faces. The study yielded three main findings. First, behavioral results showed that the retrieval of face-name associations was more accurate and faster for smiling than neutral faces. Second, the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus showed successful encoding and retrieval activations, which were greater for smiling than neutral faces. Third, functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus during successful encoding and retrieval was stronger for smiling than neutral faces. As a part of the reward system, the orbitofrontal cortex may modulate memory processes of face-name associations mediated by the hippocampus. Interestingly, the effect of a smile during retrieval was found even though only names were presented as retrieval cues, suggesting that the effect was mediated by face imagery. Taken together, the results demonstrate how rewarding social signals from a smiling face can enhance relational memory for face-name associations.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.013}, Key = {fds251010} } @article{fds251059, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Rice, HJ and Greenberg, DL and Cabeza, R and LaBar, KS and Rubin, DC}, Title = {The spatiotemporal dynamics of autobiographical memory: neural correlates of recall, emotional intensity, and reliving.}, Volume = {18}, Number = {1}, Pages = {217-229}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548799}, Abstract = {We sought to map the time course of autobiographical memory retrieval, including brain regions that mediate phenomenological experiences of reliving and emotional intensity. Participants recalled personal memories to auditory word cues during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants pressed a button when a memory was accessed, maintained and elaborated the memory, and then gave subjective ratings of emotion and reliving. A novel fMRI approach based on timing differences capitalized on the protracted reconstructive process of autobiographical memory to segregate brain areas contributing to initial access and later elaboration and maintenance of episodic memories. The initial period engaged hippocampal, retrosplenial, and medial and right prefrontal activity, whereas the later period recruited visual, precuneus, and left prefrontal activity. Emotional intensity ratings were correlated with activity in several regions, including the amygdala and the hippocampus during the initial period. Reliving ratings were correlated with activity in visual cortex and ventromedial and inferior prefrontal regions during the later period. Frontopolar cortex was the only brain region sensitive to emotional intensity across both periods. Results were confirmed by time-locked averages of the fMRI signal. The findings indicate dynamic recruitment of emotion-, memory-, and sensory-related brain regions during remembering and their dissociable contributions to phenomenological features of the memories.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhm048}, Key = {fds251059} } @article{fds251064, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Role of parietal regions in episodic memory retrieval: the dual attentional processes hypothesis.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {46}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1813-1827}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18439631}, Abstract = {Although parietal cortex is frequently activated during episodic memory retrieval, damage to this region does not markedly impair episodic memory. To account for these and other findings, a new dual attentional processes (DAP) hypothesis is proposed. According to this hypothesis, dorsal parietal cortex (DPC) contributes top-down attentional processes guided by retrieval goals, whereas ventral parietal cortex (VPC) contributes bottom-up attentional processes captured by the retrieval output. Consistent with this hypothesis, DPC activity increases with retrieval effort whereas VPC activity increases with confidence in old and new responses. The DAP hypothesis can also account for the overlap of parietal activations across different cognitive domains and for opposing effects of parietal activity on encoding vs. retrieval. Finally, the DAP hypothesis explains why VPC lesions yield a memory neglect syndrome: a deficit in spontaneously reporting relevant memory details but not in accessing the same details when guided by specific questions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.019}, Key = {fds251064} } @article{fds251009, Author = {Berryhill, ME and Phuong, L and Picasso, L and Cabeza, R and Olson, IR}, Title = {Parietal lobe and episodic memory: bilateral damage causes impaired free recall of autobiographical memory.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {27}, Number = {52}, Pages = {14415-14423}, Year = {2007}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160649}, Abstract = {Does the parietal lobe have a critical role in memory? The neuroimaging literature indicates that it has an important role, especially in episodic memory. However, the neuropsychological literature suggests that its role is more limited to attentional, spatial, or imagery aspects of memory. Here, we present data to adjudicate this disagreement. Two patients with bilateral parietal lobe damage received detailed assessments of their autobiographical memories. The results show that although both patients easily recalled various memories, their freely recalled memories were relatively impoverished, lacking in detail. This deficit was ubiquitous, and not limited to spatial or perceptual aspects of memory. The memory deficit disappeared when memory was specifically probed by asking pointed questions. Additional tests show that it is unlikely that their free recall deficit can be explained by general mental imagery problems. In sum, the parietal lobe appears to have a critical role in recollection aspects of episodic memory.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.4163-07.2007}, Key = {fds251009} } @article{fds251068, Author = {Dennis, NA and Daselaar, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of aging on transient and sustained successful memory encoding activity.}, Journal = {Neurobiology of aging}, Volume = {28}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1749-1758}, Year = {2007}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919850}, Abstract = {Event-related fMRI studies have investigated age-related changes in encoding by identifying greater activity for items that are later remembered than for those that are forgotten (difference in memory, or Dm). The present study used hybrid blocked/event-related analyses to distinguish between transient Dm versus sustained Dm. Dm was identified as parametric increases in encoding activity as a function of a combined subsequent memory/confidence scale. Dm was measured in each trial (transient activity) and in blocks of eight trials (sustained activity). Transient Dm analyses showed age-related reductions in the left hippocampus but increases in left prefrontal cortex (PFC). Sustained Dm analyses showed age-related reductions in right PFC, but no region showing increased activity in older adults. These findings suggests that during semantic classification older adults show less spontaneous hippocampal-mediated encoding processes, but greater PFC-mediated semantic processes. Additionally, the decline in sustained Dm in PFC may involve age-related deficits in sustained attention that impact encoding processes. The results underscore the importance of investigating aging effects on both transient and sustained neural activity.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.07.006}, Key = {fds251068} } @article{fds251069, Author = {Dennis, NA and Kim, H and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of aging on true and false memory formation: an fMRI study.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {45}, Number = {14}, Pages = {3157-3166}, Year = {2007}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716696}, Abstract = {Compared to young, older adults are more likely to forget events that occurred in the past as well as remember events that never happened. Previous studies examining false memories and aging have shown that these memories are more likely to occur when new items share perceptual or semantic similarities with those presented during encoding. It is theorized that decreased item-specific encoding and increased gist encoding contribute to these age differences in memory performance. The current study used a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm to investigate the neural correlates of true and false memory encoding. Results indicated that, compared to young, older adults showed reduced activity in medial temporal lobes (MTL), left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and visual cortices associated with subsequent true memories. Despite these decreases older adults showed increased activity in right VLPFC and left superior temporal gyrus (STG) for subsequent true memories. Age-related increases in STG were also associated with subsequent false memories. Results support the theory that older adults engage in less item-specific encoding and greater gist encoding, and that these increases in gist encoding support both subsequent true and false memories. Furthermore, results extend findings of reduced frontal asymmetry in aging, often found in block designs, to the subsequent memory paradigm. Results suggest that greater bilateral frontal activity during encoding in aging are not just task-related, but may be associated with subsequent successful memory performance.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.003}, Key = {fds251069} } @article{fds251074, Author = {Kim, H and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Trusting our memories: dissociating the neural correlates of confidence in veridical versus illusory memories.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {27}, Number = {45}, Pages = {12190-12197}, Year = {2007}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989285}, Abstract = {Although memory confidence and accuracy tend to be positively correlated, people sometimes remember with high confidence events that never happened. How can confidence correlate with accuracy but apply also to illusory memories? One possible explanation is that high confidence in veridical versus illusory memories depends on different neural mechanisms. The present study investigated this possibility using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false-memory paradigm. Participants read short lists of categorized words, and brain activity was measured while they performed a recognition test with confidence rating. The study yielded three main findings. First, compared with low-confidence responses, high-confidence responses were associated with medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity in the case of true recognition but with frontoparietal activity in the case of false recognition. Second, these regions showed significant confidence-by-veridicality interactions. Finally, only MTL regions showed greater activity for high-confidence true recognition than for high-confidence false recognition, and only frontoparietal regions showed greater activity for high-confidence false recognition than for high-confidence true recognition. These findings indicate that confidence in true recognition is mediated primarily by a recollection-related MTL mechanism, whereas confidence in false recognition reflects mainly a familiarity-related frontoparietal mechanism. This account is consistent with the fuzzy trace theory of false recognition. Correlation analyses revealed that MTL and frontoparietal regions play complementary roles during episodic retrieval. In sum, the present study shows that when one focuses exclusively on high-confidence responses, the neural correlates of true and false memory are clearly different.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.3408-07.2007}, Key = {fds251074} } @article{fds251073, Author = {Kim, H and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Differential contributions of prefrontal, medial temporal, and sensory-perceptual regions to true and false memory formation.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {17}, Number = {9}, Pages = {2143-2150}, Year = {2007}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {1047-3211}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110592}, Abstract = {The neural correlates of true memory formation (TMF) and false memory formation (FMF) were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using a parametric subsequent memory paradigm, encoding activity was analyzed as a function of whether it predicted subsequent hits to targets (TMF activity) or subsequent false alarms to critical lures (FMF activity). The fMRI analyses yielded 3 main findings. First, the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) was involved in both TMF and FMF activities. This finding is consistent with the evidence that semantic elaboration, which has been associated with left PFC, tends to enhance both true and false remembering. Second, the left posterior medial temporal lobes (MTLs) contributed to TMF but not to FMF activity. This finding is consistent with the notion that MTL is involved in the storage of a consciously, but not unconsciously, processed event. Third, late visual regions were engaged in both TMF and FMF activities, whereas early visual areas were involved primarily in TMF activity. This dissociation indicates that elaborative perceptual processing, but not basic sensory processing, contributes to false remembering. Taken together, the results suggest that FMF is an unintended consequence, or by-product, of elaborative semantic and visual encoding processes.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhl122}, Key = {fds251073} } @article{fds251008, Author = {Marklund, P and Fransson, P and Cabeza, R and Larsson, A and Ingvar, M and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Unity and diversity of tonic and phasic executive control components in episodic and working memory.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {36}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1361-1373}, Year = {2007}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {1053-8119}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17524668}, Abstract = {The present study aimed to delineate the extent to which unitary executive functions might be shared across the separate domains of episodic and working memory. A mixed blocked/event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design was employed to assess sustained (tonic control) and transient (phasic control) brain responses arising from incrementing executive demand (source versus item episodic memory - vis-à-vis - two-back versus one-back working memory) using load-dependent activation overlaps as indices of common components. Although an extensive portion of the regional load effects constituted differential control modulations in both sustained and transient responses, commonalities were also found implicating a subset of executive core mechanisms consistent with unitary or domain general control. 'Unitary' control modulations were temporally dissociated into (1) shared tonic components involving medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum and superior parietal cortex, assumed to govern enhanced top-down context processing, monitoring and sustained attention throughout task periods and (2) stimulus-synchronous phasic components encompassing posterior intraparietal sulcus, hypothesized to support dynamic shifting of the 'focus of attention' among internal representations. Taken together, these results converge with theoretical models advocating both unity and diversity among executive control processes.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.058}, Key = {fds251008} } @article{fds251066, Author = {Eddington, KM and Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R and R Krishnan and KR and Strauman, TJ}, Title = {Neural correlates of promotion and prevention goal activation: an fMRI study using an idiographic approach.}, Journal = {J Cogn Neurosci}, Volume = {19}, Number = {7}, Pages = {1152-1162}, Year = {2007}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17583991}, Abstract = {Regulatory focus theory [Higgins, E. T. Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300, 1997] postulates two social-cognitive motivational systems, the promotion and prevention systems, for self-regulation of goal pursuit. However, the neural substrates of promotion and prevention goal activation remain unclear. Drawing on several literatures, we hypothesized that priming promotion versus prevention goals would activate areas in the left versus right prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively, and that activation in these areas would be correlated with individual differences in chronic regulatory focus. Sixteen participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while engaged in a depth-of-processing task, during which they were exposed incidentally to their own promotion and prevention goals. Task-related cortical activation was consistent with previous studies. At the same time, incidental priming of promotion goals was associated with left orbital PFC activation, and activation in this area was stronger for individuals with a chronic promotion focus. Findings regarding prevention goal priming were not consistent with predictions. The data illustrate the centrality of self-regulation and personal goal pursuit within the multilayered process of social cognition.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2007.19.7.1152}, Key = {fds251066} } @article{fds251067, Author = {Cabeza, R and St Jacques and P}, Title = {Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory.}, Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences}, Volume = {11}, Number = {5}, Pages = {219-227}, Year = {2007}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {1364-6613}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17382578}, Abstract = {Functional neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory have grown dramatically in recent years. These studies are important because they can investigate the neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory stimuli, including: (i) complex constructive processes, (ii) recollective qualities of emotion and vividness, and (iii) remote memory retrieval. Constructing autobiographical memories involves search, monitoring and self-referential processes that are associated with activity in separable prefrontal regions. The contributions of emotion and vividness have been linked to the amygdala and visual cortex respectively. Finally, there is evidence that recent and remote autobiographical memories might activate the hippocampus equally, which has implications for memory-consolidation theories. The rapid development of innovative methods for eliciting personal memories in the scanner provides the opportunity to delve into the functional neuroanatomy of our personal past.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2007.02.005}, Key = {fds251067} } @article{fds251071, Author = {Madden, DJ and Spaniol, J and Whiting, WL and Bucur, B and Provenzale, JM and Cabeza, R and White, LE and Huettel, SA}, Title = {Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of visual attention: a combined fMRI and DTI study.}, Journal = {Neurobiol Aging}, Volume = {28}, Number = {3}, Pages = {459-476}, Year = {2007}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500004}, Abstract = {We combined measures from event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and cognitive performance (visual search response time) to test the hypotheses that differences between younger and older adults in top-down (goal-directed) attention would be related to cortical activation, and that white matter integrity as measured by DTI (fractional anisotropy, FA) would be a mediator of this age-related effect. Activation in frontal and parietal cortical regions was overall greater for older adults than for younger adults. The relation between activation and search performance supported the hypothesis of age differences in top-down attention. When the task involved top-down control (increased target predictability), performance was associated with frontoparietal activation for older adults, but with occipital (fusiform) activation for younger adults. White matter integrity (FA) exhibited an age-related decline that was more pronounced for anterior brain regions than for posterior regions, but white matter integrity did not specifically mediate the age-related increase in activation of the frontoparietal attentional network.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.01.005}, Key = {fds251071} } @article{fds337664, Author = {Vidaurre, C and Schlögl, A and Cabeza, R and Scherer, R and Pfurtscheller, G}, Title = {Study of on-line adaptive discriminant analysis for EEG-based brain computer interfaces.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering}, Volume = {54}, Number = {3}, Pages = {550-556}, Year = {2007}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2006.888836}, Abstract = {A study of different on-line adaptive classifiers, using various feature types is presented. Motor imagery brain computer interface (BCI) experiments were carried out with 18 naive able-bodied subjects. Experiments were done with three two-class, cue-based, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based systems. Two continuously adaptive classifiers were tested: adaptive quadratic and linear discriminant analysis. Three feature types were analyzed, adaptive autoregressive parameters, logarithmic band power estimates and the concatenation of both. Results show that all systems are stable and that the concatenation of features with continuously adaptive linear discriminant analysis classifier is the best choice of all. Also, a comparison of the latter with a discontinuously updated linear discriminant analysis, carried out in on-line experiments with six subjects, showed that on-line adaptation performed significantly better than a discontinuous update. Finally a static subject-specific baseline was also provided and used to compare performance measurements of both types of adaptation.}, Doi = {10.1109/tbme.2006.888836}, Key = {fds337664} } @article{fds251007, Author = {Marks, BL and Madden, DJ and Bucur, B and Provenzale, JM and White, LE and Cabeza, R and Huettel, SA}, Title = {Role of aerobic fitness and aging on cerebral white matter integrity.}, Journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, Volume = {1097}, Pages = {171-174}, Year = {2007}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0077-8923}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413020}, Abstract = {Neuroimaging research suggests that cerebral white matter (WM) integrity, as reflected in fractional anisotropy (FA) via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is decreased in older adults, especially in the prefrontal regions of the brain. Behavioral investigations of cognitive functioning suggest that some aspects of cognition may be better preserved in older adults who possess higher levels of aerobic fitness. There are only a few studies, however, investigating potential mechanisms for the improvements in aerobic fitness. Our study suggests that greater aerobic fitness may be related to greater WM integrity in select brain regions.}, Doi = {10.1196/annals.1379.022}, Key = {fds251007} } @article{fds251070, Author = {Prince, SE and Tsukiura, T and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Distinguishing the neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and semantic memory retrieval.}, Journal = {Psychological science}, Volume = {18}, Number = {2}, Pages = {144-151}, Year = {2007}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0956-7976}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17425535}, Abstract = {Episodic memory and semantic memory interact very closely. In particular, episodic memory encoding (EE) tends to elicit semantic memory retrieval (SR), and vice versa. Thus, similar activations for EE and SR in functional neuroimaging studies may reflect shared memory processes, or they may reflect the fact that EE and SR are usually confounded. To address this issue, we used a factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to disentangle the neural correlates of EE and SR. Within the left temporal lobe, the hippocampus was associated with successful EE, whereas a posterior lateral region was associated with successful SR. Within the left inferior prefrontal cortex, a posterior region was involved in SR, a mid region was involved in both SR and EE, and an anterior region was involved in EE, but only when SR was also high. Thus, the neural correlates of EE and SR are dissociable but interact in specific brain regions.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01864.x}, Key = {fds251070} } @article{fds251072, Author = {Marklund, P and Fransson, P and Cabeza, R and Petersson, KM and Ingvar, M and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Sustained and transient neural modulations in prefrontal cortex related to declarative long-term memory, working memory, and attention.}, Journal = {Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior}, Volume = {43}, Number = {1}, Pages = {22-37}, Year = {2007}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0010-9452}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17334205}, Abstract = {Common activations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) during episodic and semantic long-term memory (LTM) tasks have been hypothesized to reflect functional overlap in terms of working memory (WM) and cognitive control. To evaluate a WM account of LTM-general activations, the present study took into consideration that cognitive task performance depends on the dynamic operation of multiple component processes, some of which are stimulus-synchronous and transient in nature; and some that are engaged throughout a task in a sustained fashion. PFC and WM may be implicated in both of these temporally independent components. To elucidate these possibilities we employed mixed blocked/event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures to assess the extent to which sustained or transient activation patterns overlapped across tasks indexing episodic and semantic LTM, attention (ATT), and WM. Within PFC, ventrolateral and medial areas exhibited sustained activity across all tasks, whereas more anterior regions including right frontopolar cortex were commonly engaged in sustained processing during the three memory tasks. These findings do not support a WM account of sustained frontal responses during LTM tasks, but instead suggest that the pattern that was common to all tasks reflects general attentional set/vigilance, and that the shared WM-LTM pattern mediates control processes related to upholding task set. Transient responses during the three memory tasks were assessed relative to ATT to isolate item-specific mnemonic processes and were found to be largely distinct from sustained effects. Task-specific effects were observed for each memory task. In addition, a common item response for all memory tasks involved left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). The latter response might be seen as reflecting WM processes during LTM retrieval. Thus, our findings suggest that a WM account of shared PFC recruitment in LTM tasks holds for common transient item-related responses rather than sustained state-related responses that are better seen as reflecting more general attentional/control processes.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70443-x}, Key = {fds251072} } @article{fds337665, Author = {Vidaurre, C and Scherer, R and Cabeza, R and Schlögl, A and Pfurtscheller, G}, Title = {Study of discriminant analysis applied to motor imagery bipolar data.}, Journal = {Medical & biological engineering & computing}, Volume = {45}, Number = {1}, Pages = {61-68}, Year = {2007}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0122-5}, Abstract = {We present a study of linear, quadratic and regularized discriminant analysis (RDA) applied to motor imagery data of three subjects. The aim of the work was to find out which classifier can separate better these two-class motor imagery data: linear, quadratic or some function in between the linear and quadratic solutions. Discriminant analysis methods were tested with two different feature extraction techniques, adaptive autoregressive parameters and logarithmic band power estimates, which are commonly used in brain-computer interface research. Differences in classification accuracy of the classifiers were found when using different amounts of data; if a small amount was available, the best classifier was linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and if enough data were available all three classifiers performed very similar. This suggests that the effort needed to find regularizing parameters for RDA can be avoided by using LDA.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11517-006-0122-5}, Key = {fds337665} } @article{fds251047, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Fleck, MS and Dobbins, IG and Madden, DJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Effects of healthy aging on hippocampal and rhinal memory functions: an event-related fMRI study.}, Journal = {Cereb Cortex}, Volume = {16}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1771-1782}, Year = {2006}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1047-3211}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16421332}, Abstract = {Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the effects of healthy aging on hippocampal and rhinal memory functions. Memory for past events can be based on retrieval accompanied by specific contextual details (recollection) or on the feeling that an event is old or new without the recovery of contextual details (familiarity). There is evidence that recollection is more dependent on hippocampus, whereas familiarity is more dependent on the rhinal cortex, and that healthy aging has greater effects on recollection than on familiarity. However, little evidence is available about the neural correlates of these effects. Here, we isolated activity associated with recollection and familiarity by distinguishing between linear and quasi-exponential "perceived oldness" functions derived from recognition confidence levels. The main finding was a double dissociation within the medial temporal lobes between recollection-related activity in hippocampus, which was reduced by aging, and familiarity-related activity in rhinal cortex, which was increased by aging. In addition, age dissociations were found within parietal and posterior midline regions. Finally, aging reduced functional connectivity within a hippocampal-retrosplenial/parietotemporal network but increased connectivity within a rhinal-frontal network. These findings indicate that older adults compensate for hippocampal deficits by relying more on rhinal cortex, possibly through a top-down frontal modulation. This finding has important clinical implications because early Alzheimer's disease impairs both hippocampus and rhinal cortex.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhj112}, Key = {fds251047} } @article{fds251079, Author = {Fleck, MS and Daselaar, SM and Dobbins, IG and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Role of prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions in decision-making processes shared by memory and nonmemory tasks.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {16}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1623-1630}, Year = {2006}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1047-3211}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400154}, Abstract = {In the episodic retrieval (ER) domain, activations in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are often attributed to postretrieval monitoring. Yet, right DLPFC activations are also frequently found during nonmemory tasks. To investigate the role of this region across different cognitive functions, we directly compared brain activity during ER and visual perception (VP) using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the ER task, participants decided whether words were old or new, whereas in the VP task, they decided which of the two colored screen areas was larger. In both tasks, each decision was followed by a confidence rating. The main finding was that right DLPFC (Brodmann area 46/10) activity was greater for low- than for high-confidence decisions in both tasks, demonstrating a general role in decision making. Even when reaction times (RTs) were included in the model, confidence remained the significant predictor of activity, suggesting that right DLPFC is involved in discontinuous evaluation rather than in continuous monitoring. In contrast, activity in anterior cingulate cortex was not only greater for low-confidence decisions but also increased with RT, reflecting a role in continuous conflict monitoring. Overall, the results demonstrate how direct cross-function comparisons clarify the generality and specificity of the functions of various brain regions.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhj097}, Key = {fds251079} } @article{fds251006, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Fleck, MS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Triple dissociation in the medial temporal lobes: recollection, familiarity, and novelty.}, Journal = {Journal of neurophysiology}, Volume = {96}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1902-1911}, Year = {2006}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0022-3077}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16738210}, Abstract = {Memory for past events may be based on retrieval accompanied by specific contextual details (recollection) or on the feeling that an item is old (familiarity) or new (novelty) in the absence of contextual details. There are indications that recollection, familiarity, and novelty involve different medial temporal lobe subregions, but available evidence is scarce and inconclusive. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we isolated retrieval-related activity associated with recollection, familiarity, and novelty by distinguishing between linear and nonlinear oldness functions derived from recognition confidence levels. Within the medial temporal lobes (MTLs), we found a triple dissociation among the posterior half of the hippocampus, which was associated with recollection, the posterior parahippocampal gyrus, which was associated with familiarity, and anterior half of the hippocampus and rhinal regions, which were associated with novelty. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses based on individual trial activity showed that all three memory signals, i.e., recollection, familiarity, and novelty, make significant and independent contributions to recognition memory performance. Finally, functional dissociations among recollection, familiarity, and novelty were also found in posterior midline, left parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex regions. This is the first study to reveal a triple dissociation within the MTL associated with distinct retrieval processes. This finding has direct implications for current memory models.}, Doi = {10.1152/jn.01029.2005}, Key = {fds251006} } @article{fds337667, Author = {Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R and McCarthy, G}, Title = {The impact of emotion on human cognition: Functional neuroimaging evidence}, Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY}, Volume = {61}, Number = {3}, Pages = {315-316}, Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, Year = {2006}, Month = {September}, Key = {fds337667} } @article{fds337668, Author = {Vidaurre, C and Schlögl, A and Cabeza, R and Scherer, R and Pfurtscheller, G}, Title = {Erratum: "A fully on-line adaptive BCI" (IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (June 2006) 53, 6, (1214-1219))}, Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, Volume = {53}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1728}, Publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, Year = {2006}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2006.880504}, Doi = {10.1109/TBME.2006.880504}, Key = {fds337668} } @article{fds337670, Author = {Vidaurre, C and Schlögl, A and Cabeza, R and Scherer, R and Pfurtscheller, G}, Title = {A fully on-line adaptive BCI.}, Journal = {IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering}, Volume = {53}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1214-1219}, Year = {2006}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2006.873542}, Abstract = {A viable fully on-line adaptive brain computer interface (BCI) is introduced. On-line experiments with nine naive and able-bodied subjects were carried out using a continuously adaptive BCI system. The data were analyzed and the viability of the system was studied. The BCI was based on motor imagery, the feature extraction was performed with an adaptive autoregressive model and the classifier used was an adaptive quadratic discriminant analysis. The classifier was on-line updated by an adaptive estimation of the information matrix (ADIM). The system was also able to provide continuous feedback to the subject. The success of the feedback was studied analyzing the error rate and mutual information of each session and this analysis showed a clear improvement of the subject's control of the BCI from session to session.}, Doi = {10.1109/tbme.2006.873542}, Key = {fds337670} } @article{fds251005, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Fleck, MS and Prince, SE and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The medial temporal lobe distinguishes old from new independently of consciousness.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {26}, Number = {21}, Pages = {5835-5839}, Year = {2006}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16723542}, Abstract = {Although it is widely accepted that the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) are critical for becoming aware that something happened in the past, there is virtually no evidence whether MTL sensitivity to event oldness also depends on conscious awareness. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that activity in posterior MTL tracks whether an item is actually old (true oldness), regardless of participants' awareness of oldness (perceived oldness). Confirming its sensitivity to the objective nature of the stimulus, activity in this region was strongly correlated with individual memory performance (r = 0.74). At the same time, we found that memory errors (misses) were associated with activity in an anterior MTL region, which signaled whether an item was consciously experienced as new (perceived novelty). Logistic regression analyses based on individual trial activity indicated that the two MTL regions showed opposing relationships with behavior, and that memory performance was determined by their joint activity. Furthermore, functional connectivity analyses showed that perceived novelty activity in the ANTERIOR [corrected] MTL inhibited true oldness activity in the POSTERIOR [corrected] MTL. These findings indicate that participants' behavior reflected the combined effects of multiple MTL regions. More generally, our results show that parts of MTL can distinguish old from new independently of consciousness.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.0258-06.2006}, Key = {fds251005} } @article{fds251078, Author = {LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory.}, Journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience}, Volume = {7}, Number = {1}, Pages = {54-64}, Year = {2006}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1471-003X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371950}, Abstract = {Emotional events often attain a privileged status in memory. Cognitive neuroscientists have begun to elucidate the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying emotional retention advantages in the human brain. The amygdala is a brain structure that directly mediates aspects of emotional learning and facilitates memory operations in other regions, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Emotion-memory interactions occur at various stages of information processing, from the initial encoding and consolidation of memory traces to their long-term retrieval. Recent advances are revealing new insights into the reactivation of latent emotional associations and the recollection of personal episodes from the remote past.}, Doi = {10.1038/nrn1825}, Key = {fds251078} } @article{fds51720, Title = {Dennis, N.A., Daselaar, S.M., & Cabeza R. (2006). Effects of aging on transient and sustained successful memory encoding activity. Neurobiology of Aging}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51720} } @article{fds51721, Title = {Fleck, M, Daselaar, S. M., Dobbins, I. & Cabeza, R. (2006). Role of prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions in decision-making processes shared by memory and non-memory tasks. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 1623-1630}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51721} } @article{fds51722, Title = {Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M., Prince, S. E., & Cabeza, R. (2006). The medial temporal lobe distinguishes old from new independently of consciousness. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 5835-5839}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51722} } @article{fds51723, Title = {Daselaar, S., M. Fleck, M, Dobbins, I., Madden, D. J. & Cabeza, R. (2006). Effects of healthy aging on hippocampal and rhinal memory functions: An event-related fMRI study, 16, 1771-1782. Cerebral Cortex}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51723} } @article{fds51724, Title = {Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M., & Cabeza, R. (2006). Triple dissociation within the medial temporal lobes: Recollection, familiarity, and novelty. Journal of Neurophysiology, 96, 1902-1911}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51724} } @article{fds51713, Title = {LaBar, K.S., & Cabeza, R. (2006). Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 54-64}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51713} } @article{fds51718, Title = {Madden, D.J. Spaniol, J., Whiting, W.L., Bucur, B., Provenzale, J.M., Cabeza, R., White, L.E., & Huettel, S.A. (in press). Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of visual attention: A combined fMRI and DTI study Neurobiology of Aging}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds51718} } @article{fds52649, Title = {Cabeza, R. & St. Jacques, P. L. (in press). Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52649} } @article{fds52650, Title = {Kim, H. & Cabeza, R. (in press). Differential contributions of prefrontal, medial temporal, and sensory-perceptual regions to true and false memory formation. Cerebral Cortex}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52650} } @article{fds52651, Title = {Prince, S. E., Tsukiura, T., Daselaar, S. M., & Cabeza, R., (in press). Distinguishing the neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and semantic memory retrieval. Psychological Science}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52651} } @article{fds52652, Title = {Marklund, P., Fransson, P., Cabeza, R., Petersson, K M., Ingvar, M., & Nyberg, L. (in press). Sustained and transient neural modulations in prefrontal cortex related to declarative long-term memory, working memory, and attention. Cortex}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52652} } @article{fds52653, Title = {Bucur, B., Madden, D. J., Spaniol, J., Provenzale, J. M., Cabeza, R., White, L. E., & Huettel, S. A. (in press). Age-related slowing of memory retrieval: Contributions of perceptual speed and white matter integrity. Neurobiology of Aging}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52653} } @article{fds52654, Title = {Eddington, K. M., Dolcos, F., Cabeza, R., Krishnan, K. R., & Timothy J. Strauman. (in press). Neural Correlates of Promotion and Prevention Goal Activation: An fMRI Study Using an Idiographic Approach. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52654} } @article{fds337671, Author = {Agustin, JS and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Pupil brightness variation as a function of gaze direction}, Journal = {Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}, Volume = {2005}, Pages = {49}, Year = {2005}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9781595933058}, Abstract = {Pupil detection represents one of the most critical aspects for eye tracking systems based on video oculography. A robust segmentation of the aforementioned feature determines to a large extent the degree of performance of the system. However, a question remains unsolved... why does the pupil gray level change in the image? Apart from the possible room lighting variation, can the eyeball physiology influence its final level in the image by itself? The answer is yes. In this paper a further step in the work by Nguyen et al. [Nguyen et al. 2002] is proposed in which this eyeball characteristic was noticed but not explained. This paper gives some enlightenment to this effect finding a physiological reason for it. From the results it is clear that the pupil brightness can be a valid image feature and can contribute together with alternative ones to improve the tracking [Hammoud 2005]. A deep knowledge about its behavior is undoubtedly highly interesting, The matter should be to study how the retina reacts to the light in order to know how it can influence its final level in the image. The retina is not a uniform surface; in the fovea there is a higher density of cones and the ganglion cells are highly packed. When the eye is entered with a beam of light, the light can be reflected and absorbed at the various layers of the retina. Normally near infrared lighting is used because it is not visible for humans. Actually in this range of wavelength the reflected light is dominated by the light scattered back from the choroid: the last layer before the sciera that supports the retina, and it is precisely for this wavelength for which the retina presents the highest reflectance. A bright pupil tracking is conducted following the same method as in the works by Nguyen et al. [Nguyen et al. 2002] and Miller [Miller et al. 1995] but more exhaustive experiments are conducted. A ray of light directed to the fovea needs to cross a thicker layer in order to reach the choroid which produces a decrease of effective light intensity, a stronger reflection and consequently a brighter pupil can be expected if the most eccentric part of the retina is reached. Vertical rotations of the eyeball about its center are sketched in figure 1. From the figure it is clear that the pupil will appear brighter if the subject is looking at the upper part of the screen than for cases in which points in the lower part are fixated. Regarding to left and right eye rotations the fovea is horizontally and temporally displaced from the eyeball back pole. That means that the visual axis and the fovea present an angular offset with respect to the symmetry axis of the eye but with opposite sign depending on the eye. Following the same reasoning as the one used for vertical rotations it is clear that a brighter pupil could be expected for points on the right part of the screen for the left eye. A symmetrical behavior appears for the right eye being the points on the left part of the screen the ones with higher pupil levels. Ten subjects take part in the tests. Each of them gazes at a 3×4 grid of points uniformly distributed in a dark room. The subject conducts the test using both eyes. The table shows the average values for each fixation. Each user pupil values have been normalized by a reference value, the bottom right position for the left eye and the bottom left one for the right eye. In addition the average and deviation values are calculated considering one single distribution with all users data for each row and column. The statistical significance of the arisen differences has been checked by means of one sample T-test. The obtained results confirm the differences between upper and lower parts of the screen but no statistically relevant variation has been found horizontally. The reason for this is that the eyeball rotation is lower comparing to the one accomplished for the vertical case. © 2006 ACM.}, Key = {fds337671} } @article{fds337672, Author = {Vidaurre, C and Schlögl, A and Cabeza, R and Scherer, R and Pfurtscheller, G}, Title = {Adaptive on-line classification for EEG-based brain computer interfaces with AAR parameters and band power estimates.}, Journal = {Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering}, Volume = {50}, Number = {11}, Pages = {350-354}, Year = {2005}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt.2005.049}, Abstract = {We present the result of on-line feedback Brain Computer Interface experiments using adaptive and non-adaptive feature extraction methods with an on-line adaptive classifier based on Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. Experiments were performed with 12 naïve subjects, feedback was provided from the first moment and no training sessions were needed. Experiments run in three different days with each subject. Six of them received feedback with Adaptive Autoregressive parameters and the rest with logarithmic Band Power estimates. The study was done using single trial analysis of each of the sessions and the value of the Error Rate and the Mutual Information of the classification were used to discuss the results. Finally, it was shown that even subjects starting with a low performance were able to control the system in a few hours: and contrary to previous results no differences between AAR and BP estimates were found.}, Doi = {10.1515/bmt.2005.049}, Key = {fds337672} } @article{fds251076, Author = {Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Remembering one year later: role of the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system in retrieving emotional memories.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {102}, Number = {7}, Pages = {2626-2631}, Year = {2005}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703295}, Abstract = {The memory-enhancing effect of emotion can be powerful and long-lasting. Most studies investigating the neural bases of this phenomenon have focused on encoding and early consolidation processes, and hence little is known regarding the contribution of retrieval processes, particularly after lengthy retention intervals. To address this issue, we used event-related functional MRI to measure neural activity during the retrieval of emotional and neutral pictures after a retention interval of 1 yr. Retrieval activity for emotional and neutral pictures was separately analyzed for successfully (hits) vs. unsuccessfully (misses) retrieved items and for responses based on recollection vs. familiarity. Recognition performance was better for emotional than for neutral pictures, and this effect was found only for recollection-based responses. Successful retrieval of emotional pictures elicited greater activity than successful retrieval of neutral pictures in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus. Moreover, in the amygdala and hippocampus, the emotion effect was greater for recollection than for familiarity, whereas in the entorhinal cortex, it was similar for both forms of retrieval. These findings clarify the role of the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory regions in recollection and familiarity of emotional memory after lengthy retention intervals.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.0409848102}, Key = {fds251076} } @article{fds251077, Author = {Prince, SE and Daselaar, SM and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural correlates of relational memory: successful encoding and retrieval of semantic and perceptual associations.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {25}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1203-1210}, Year = {2005}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15689557}, Abstract = {Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we identified brain regions involved in successful relational memory (RM) during encoding and retrieval for semantic and perceptual associations or in general, independent of phase and content. Participants were scanned while encoding and later retrieving associations between pairs of words (semantic RM) or associations between words and fonts (perceptual RM). Encoding success activity (ESA) was identified by comparing study-phase activity for items subsequently remembered (hits) versus forgotten (misses) and retrieval success activity (RSA) by comparing test-phase activity for hits versus misses. The study yielded three main sets of findings. First, ESA-RSA differences were found within the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) and within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Within the left MTL, ESA was greater in the anterior hippocampus, and RSA was greater in the posterior parahippocampal cortex/hippocampus. This finding is consistent with the notion of an encoding-retrieval gradient along the longitudinal MTL axis. Within the left PFC, ESA was greater in ventrolateral PFC, and RSA was greater in dorsolateral and anterior PFC. This is the first evidence of a dissociation in successful encoding and retrieval activity within left PFC. Second, consistent with the transfer-appropriate processing principle, some ESA regions were reactivated during RSA in a content-specific manner. For semantic RM, these regions included the left ventrolateral PFC, whereas for perceptual RM, they included occipitoparietal and right parahippocampal regions. Finally, only one region in the entire brain was associated with RM in general (i.e., for both semantic and perceptual ESA and RSA): the left hippocampus. This finding highlights the fundamental role of the hippocampus in RM.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.2540-04.2005}, Key = {fds251077} } @article{fds251004, Author = {Cabeza, R and Lennartson, ER}, Title = {False memory across languages: implicit associative response vs fuzzy trace views.}, Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)}, Volume = {13}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-5}, Year = {2005}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0965-8211}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15724903}, Abstract = {We investigated false recognition across languages using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. A group of English-French bilinguals studied lists of converging associates, some lists in English and some in French, and then performed a recognition test containing studied list items and nonstudied critical lures whose language matched or mismatched the language at study. Participants were instructed to answer old only if the test cue was in the same language as the studied word. The results yielded a robust false memory rate both within-language and across-languages. The effect of the study-test language shift was much larger for list items than for critical lures. This finding suggests that memory representations for critical lures contain primarily semantic gist traces and little surface information, and hence is more consistent with the fuzzy trace view than with the implicit associative response view. In sum, the study demonstrates the existence of false memory across languages, and provides information about the memory traces underlying veridical and illusory recognition.}, Doi = {10.1080/09658210344000161}, Key = {fds251004} } @article{fds251075, Author = {Greenberg, DL and Rice, HJ and Cooper, JJ and Cabeza, R and Rubin, DC and Labar, KS}, Title = {Co-activation of the amygdala, hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus during autobiographical memory retrieval.}, Volume = {43}, Number = {5}, Pages = {659-674}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2005}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15721179}, Abstract = {Functional MRI was used to investigate the role of medial temporal lobe and inferior frontal lobe regions in autobiographical recall. Prior to scanning, participants generated cue words for 50 autobiographical memories and rated their phenomenological properties using our autobiographical memory questionnaire (AMQ). During scanning, the cue words were presented and participants pressed a button when they retrieved the associated memory. The autobiographical retrieval task was interleaved in an event-related design with a semantic retrieval task (category generation). Region-of-interest analyses showed greater activation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and right inferior frontal gyrus during autobiographical retrieval relative to semantic retrieval. In addition, the left inferior frontal gyrus showed a more prolonged duration of activation in the semantic retrieval condition. A targeted correlational analysis revealed pronounced functional connectivity among the amygdala, hippocampus, and right inferior frontal gyrus during autobiographical retrieval but not during semantic retrieval. These results support theories of autobiographical memory that hypothesize co-activation of frontotemporal areas during recollection of episodes from the personal past.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.002}, Key = {fds251075} } @article{fds337673, Author = {Goñi, S and Echeto, J and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Robust algorithm for pupil-glint vector detection in a video-oculography eyetracking system}, Journal = {Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition}, Volume = {4}, Pages = {941-944}, Publisher = {IEEE}, Year = {2004}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {0769521282}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333928}, Abstract = {This paper presents a robust real time algorithm for an eye tracking system employing the well-known bright-pupil technique that performs an effective detection of the pupil and glint positions in the image. The accuracy in the processing is essential if a good determination of the eye gaze is desired. This algorithm is competent for unconstrained images and presents an unmatchable behaviour for users using glasses. The algorithm employs mostly commands from Matrox Imaging Library (MIL) that present a wide sort of functions for image processing and pattern recognition.}, Doi = {10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333928}, Key = {fds337673} } @article{fds337674, Author = {Fernández, J and Ruiz, J and Led, S and Serrano, L and Cabeza, R}, Title = {VisualECG: A bluetooth based software for ECG monitoring on Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)}, Journal = {2004 2nd IEEE/EMBS International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors, ISSS-MDBS 2004}, Pages = {57-62}, Year = {2004}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780780386129}, Abstract = {VisualECG is a software application developed for ECG monitoring on Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's). Bluetooth technology is used to connect the ECG acquisition devices with the PDA receiver. This software is aimed to doctors that require a powerful tool capable to perform ECG monitoring using one of the latest wireless technologies. VisualECG uses hierarchical databases and files in order to store all of the ECG registers and all data related to authorized doctors and patients. Data storage is made keeping in mind the international laws related to privacy and data protection. In order to accomplish this, a powerful encryption system is employed to protect biomedical data and personal patient and doctors data for unauthorized accesses. VisualECG is a software application developed to improve health monitoring adding Bluetooth to the existing monitoring software. © 2004 IEEE.}, Key = {fds337674} } @article{fds251002, Author = {Cabeza, R and Prince, SE and Daselaar, SM and Greenberg, DL and Budde, M and Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Rubin, DC}, Title = {Brain activity during episodic retrieval of autobiographical and laboratory events: an fMRI study using a novel photo paradigm.}, Volume = {16}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1583-1594}, Publisher = {MIT Press - Journals}, Year = {2004}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622612}, Abstract = {Functional neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval generally measure brain activity while participants remember items encountered in the laboratory ("controlled laboratory condition") or events from their own life ("open autobiographical condition"). Differences in activation between these conditions may reflect differences in retrieval processes, memory remoteness, emotional content, retrieval success, self-referential processing, visual/spatial memory, and recollection. To clarify the nature of these differences, a functional MRI study was conducted using a novel "photo paradigm," which allows greater control over the autobiographical condition, including a measure of retrieval accuracy. Undergraduate students took photos in specified campus locations ("controlled autobiographical condition"), viewed in the laboratory similar photos taken by other participants (controlled laboratory condition), and were then scanned while recognizing the two kinds of photos. Both conditions activated a common episodic memory network that included medial temporal and prefrontal regions. Compared with the controlled laboratory condition, the controlled autobiographical condition elicited greater activity in regions associated with self-referential processing (medial prefrontal cortex), visual/spatial memory (visual and parahippocampal regions), and recollection (hippocampus). The photo paradigm provides a way of investigating the functional neuroanatomy of real-life episodic memory under rigorous experimental control.}, Doi = {10.1162/0898929042568578}, Key = {fds251002} } @article{fds251003, Author = {Daselaar, SM and Prince, SE and Cabeza, R}, Title = {When less means more: deactivations during encoding that predict subsequent memory.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {23}, Number = {3}, Pages = {921-927}, Year = {2004}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1053-8119}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528092}, Abstract = {In event-related functional MRI (fMRI) studies, greater activity for items that are subsequently remembered (R-items) than for items that are subsequently forgotten (F-items), or Dm effect (Difference in memory), has been attributed to successful encoding operations. In contrast, regions showing a reverse DM effect (revDM = F-items > R-items) have been linked to detrimental processes leading to forgetting. Yet, revDMs may reflect not only activations for F-items (aFs) but also deactivations for R-items (dRs), and the latter alternative is more likely to reflect beneficial rather than detrimental encoding processes. To investigate this issue, we used a paradigm that included a fixation baseline and could distinguish between the two types of revDMs (aF vs. dR). Participants were scanned while encoding semantic associations between words or perceptual associations between words and fonts, and their memory was measured with associative recognition tests. For both semantic and perceptual encoding, dR effects were found in dorsolateral prefrontal, temporoparietal, and posterior midline regions. In contrast with a prior study that attributed revDMs in these regions to detrimental processes, the present results suggest that these effects reflect beneficial processes, that is, the efficient reallocation of neurocognitive resources. At the same time, aF effects were found in other regions, such as the insula, and these are more consistent with an interpretation in terms of detrimental processes. Whereas most fMRI studies of encoding have focused on activation increases, the present study indicates that activation decreases are also critical for successful learning of new information.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.031}, Key = {fds251003} } @article{fds251082, Author = {Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Dissociable effects of arousal and valence on prefrontal activity indexing emotional evaluation and subsequent memory: an event-related fMRI study.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {64-74}, Year = {2004}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {1053-8119}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325353}, Abstract = {Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity associated with emotional evaluation and subsequent memory was investigated with event-related functional MRI (fMRI). Participants were scanned while rating the pleasantness of emotionally positive, negative, and neutral pictures, and memory for the pictures was tested after scanning. Emotional evaluation was measured by comparing activity during the picture rating task relative to baseline, and successful encoding was measured by comparing activity for subsequently remembered versus forgotten pictures (Dm effect). The effect of arousal on these measures was indicated by greater activity for both positive and negative pictures than for neutral ones, and the effect of valence was indicated by differences in activity between positive and negative pictures. The study yielded three main results. First, consistent with the valence hypothesis, specific regions in left dorsolateral PFC were more activated for positive than for negative picture evaluation, whereas regions in right ventrolateral PFC showed the converse pattern. Second, dorsomedial PFC activity was sensitive to emotional arousal, whereas ventromedial PFC activity was sensitive to positive valence, consistent with evidence linking these regions, respectively, to emotional processing and self-awareness or appetitive behavior. Finally, successful encoding (Dm) activity in left ventrolateral and dorsolateral PFC was greater for arousing than for neutral pictures. This finding suggests that the enhancing effect of emotion on memory formation is partly due to an augmentation of PFC-mediated strategic, semantic, and working memory operations. These results underscore the critical role of PFC in emotional evaluation and memory, and disentangle the effects of arousal and valence across PFC regions associated with different cognitive functions.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.015}, Key = {fds251082} } @article{fds251080, Author = {Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Interaction between the amygdala and the medial temporal lobe memory system predicts better memory for emotional events.}, Journal = {Neuron}, Volume = {42}, Number = {5}, Pages = {855-863}, Year = {2004}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0896-6273}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15182723}, Abstract = {Emotional events are remembered better than neutral events possibly because the amygdala enhances the function of medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system (modulation hypothesis). Although this hypothesis has been supported by much animal research, evidence from humans has been scarce and indirect. We investigated this issue using event-related fMRI during encoding of emotional and neutral pictures. Memory performance after scanning showed a retention advantage for emotional pictures. Successful encoding activity in the amygdala and MTL memory structures was greater and more strongly correlated for emotional than for neutral pictures. Moreover, a double dissociation was found along the longitudinal axis of the MTL memory system: activity in anterior regions predicted memory for emotional items, whereas activity in posterior regions predicted memory for neutral items. These results provide direct evidence for the modulation hypothesis in humans and reveal a functional specialization within the MTL regarding the effects of emotion on memory formation.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00289-2}, Key = {fds251080} } @article{fds251084, Author = {Madden, DJ and Whiting, WL and Cabeza, R and Huettel, SA}, Title = {Age-related preservation of top-down attentional guidance during visual search.}, Journal = {Psychol Aging}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {304-309}, Year = {2004}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0882-7974}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15222823}, Abstract = {Younger (19-27 years of age) and older (60-82 years of age) adults performed a letter search task in which a color singleton was either noninformative (baseline condition) or highly informative (guided condition) regarding target location. In the guided condition, both age groups exhibited a substantial decrease in response time (RT) to singleton targets, relative to the baseline condition, as well as an increase in RT to nonsingleton targets. The authors conclude that under conditions that equate the physical structure of individual displays, top-down attentional guidance can be at least as effective for older adults as for younger adults.}, Doi = {10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.304}, Key = {fds251084} } @article{fds251083, Author = {Cabeza, R and Daselaar, SM and Dolcos, F and Prince, SE and Budde, M and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Task-independent and task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {14}, Number = {4}, Pages = {364-375}, Year = {2004}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {1047-3211}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15028641}, Abstract = {It is controversial whether the effects of aging on various cognitive functions have the same common cause or several different causes. To investigate this issue, we scanned younger and older adults with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing three different tasks: working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval. There were three main results. First, in all three tasks, older adults showed weaker occipital activity and stronger prefrontal and parietal activity than younger adults. The occipital reduction is consistent with the view that sensory processing decline is a common cause in cognitive aging, and the prefrontal increase may reflect functional compensation. Secondly, older adults showed more bilateral patterns of prefrontal activity than younger adults during working memory and visual attention tasks. These findings are consistent with the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD) model. Finally, compared to younger adults, older adults showed weaker hippocampal formation activity in all three tasks but stronger parahippocampal activity in the episodic retrieval task. The former finding suggests that age-related hippocampal deficits may have a global effect in cognition, and the latter is consistent with an age-related increase in familiarity-based recognition. Taken together, the results indicate that both common and specific factors play an important role in cognitive aging.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhg133}, Key = {fds251083} } @article{fds251081, Author = {Cabeza, R and Prince, SE and Daselaar, SM and Greenberg, D and Budde, M and Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Rubin, DC}, Title = {Comparing the neural correlates of autobiographical and episodic memory with a new fMRI paradigm}, Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Volume = {9}, Pages = {1583-1594}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds251081} } @article{fds251127, Author = {Cabeza, R and Locantore, JK and Anderson, ND}, Title = {Lateralization of prefrontal activity during episodic memory retrieval: evidence for the production-monitoring hypothesis.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {15}, Number = {2}, Pages = {249-259}, Year = {2003}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676062}, Abstract = {We propose a new hypothesis concerning the lateralization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during verbal episodic memory retrieval. The hypothesis states that the left PFC is differentially more involved in semantically guided information production than is the right PFC, and that the right PFC is differentially more involved in monitoring and verification than is the left PFC. This "production-monitoring hypothesis" differs from the existing "systematic-heuristic hypothesis," which proposes that the left PFC is primarily involved in systematic retrieval operations, and the right PFC in heuristic retrieval operations. To compare the two hypotheses, we measured PFC activity using positron emission tomography (PET) during the performance of four episodic retrieval tasks: stem cued recall, associative cued recall, context recognition (source memory), and item recognition. Recall tasks emphasized production processes, whereas recognition tasks emphasized monitoring processes. Stem cued recall and context-recognition tasks underscored systematic operations, whereas associative cued recall and item-recognition tasks underscored heuristic operations. Consistent with the production-monitoring hypothesis, the left PFC was more activated for recall than for recognition tasks and the right PFC was more activated for recognition than for recall tasks. Inconsistent with the systematic-heuristic hypothesis, the left PFC was more activated for heuristic than for systematic tasks and the right PFC showed the converse result. Additionally, the study yielded activation differences outside the PFC. In agreement with a previous recall/recognition PET study, anterior cingulate, cerebellar, and striatal regions were more activated for recall than for recognition tasks, and the converse occurred for posterior parietal regions. A right medial temporal lobe region was more activated for stem cued recall and context recognition than for associative cued recall and item recognition, possibly reflecting perceptual integration. In sum, the results provide evidence for the production-monitoring hypothesis and clarify the role of different brain regions typically activated in PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of episodic retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1162/089892903321208187}, Key = {fds251127} } @article{fds251000, Author = {Cabeza, R and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Functional neuroimaging of memory.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {41}, Number = {3}, Pages = {241-244}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00156-2}, Doi = {10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00156-2}, Key = {fds251000} } @article{fds251128, Author = {Cabeza, R and Dolcos, F and Prince, SE and Rice, HJ and Weissman, DH and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Attention-related activity during episodic memory retrieval: a cross-function fMRI study.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {41}, Number = {3}, Pages = {390-399}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12457763}, Abstract = {In functional neuroimaging studies of episodic retrieval (ER), activations in prefrontal, parietal, anterior cingulate, and thalamic regions are typically attributed to episodic retrieval processes. However, these activations are also frequent during visual attention (VA) tasks, suggesting that their role in ER may reflect attentional rather than mnemonic processes. To investigate this possibility, we directly compared brain activity during ER and VA tasks using event-related fMRI. The ER task was a word recognition test with a retrieval mode component, and the VA task was a target detection task with a sustained attention component. The study yielded three main findings. First, a common fronto-parietal-cingulate-thalamic network was found for ER and VA, suggesting that the involvement of these regions during ER reflects general attentional processes. This idea is compatible with some of the interpretations proposed in the ER literature (e.g. postretrieval monitoring), which may be rephrased in terms of attentional processes. Second, several subregions were differentially involved in ER versus VA. For example, the frontopolar cortex and the precuneus were more activated for ER than for VA, possibly reflecting retrieval mode and processing of internally generated stimuli, respectively. Finally, the study yielded an unexpected finding: some medial temporal lobe regions were similarly activated for ER and VA. This finding suggests that the medial temporal lobes may be involved in indexing representations within the focus of consciousness, regardless of whether they are mnemonic or perceptual. Overall, the present results suggest that many of the activations attributed to specific cognitive processes, such as episodic memory, may actually reflect more general cognitive operations.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00170-7}, Key = {fds251128} } @article{fds251129, Author = {Nyberg, L and Marklund, P and Persson, J and Cabeza, R and Forkstam, C and Petersson, KM and Ingvar, M}, Title = {Common prefrontal activations during working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory.}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Volume = {41}, Number = {3}, Pages = {371-377}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0028-3932}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12457761}, Abstract = {Regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are typically activated in many different cognitive functions. In most studies, the focus has been on the role of specific PFC regions in specific cognitive domains, but more recently similarities in PFC activations across cognitive domains have been stressed. Such similarities may suggest that a region mediates a common function across a variety of cognitive tasks. In this study, we compared the activation patterns associated with tests of working memory, semantic memory and episodic memory. The results converged on a general involvement of four regions across memory tests. These were located in left frontopolar cortex, left mid-ventrolateral PFC, left mid-dorsolateral PFC and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. These findings provide evidence that some PFC regions are engaged during many different memory tests. The findings are discussed in relation to theories about the functional contribution of the PFC regions and the architecture of memory.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00168-9}, Key = {fds251129} } @article{fds251126, Author = {Dolcos, F and Graham, R and Labar, K and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Coactivation of the amygdala and hippocampus predicts better recall for emotional than for neutral pictures}, Journal = {BRAIN AND COGNITION}, Volume = {51}, Number = {2}, Pages = {221-223}, Year = {2003}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000182360600046&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds251126} } @article{fds251001, Author = {Dolcos, F and Rice, HJ and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Hemispheric asymmetry and aging: right hemisphere decline or asymmetry reduction.}, Journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews}, Volume = {26}, Number = {7}, Pages = {819-825}, Year = {2002}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0149-7634}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12470693}, Abstract = {We review evidence for two models of hemispheric asymmetry and aging: the right hemi-aging model, which proposes that the right hemisphere shows greater age-related decline than the left hemisphere, and the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in old adults (HAROLD) model, which proposes that frontal activity during cognitive performance tends to be less lateralized in older than in younger adults. The right hemi-aging model is supported by behavioral studies in the domains of cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processing, but the evidence has been mixed. In contrast, available evidence is generally consistent with the HAROLD model, which is supported primarily by functional neuroimaging evidence in the domains of episodic memory encoding and retrieval, semantic memory retrieval, working memory, perception, and inhibitory control. Age-related asymmetry reductions may reflect functional compensation or dedifferentiation, and the evidence, although scarce, tends to support the compensation hypothesis. The right hemi-aging and the HAROLD models are not incompatible. For example, the latter may apply to prefrontal regions and the former to other brain regions.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00068-4}, Key = {fds251001} } @article{fds251123, Author = {Cabeza, R and Anderson, ND and Locantore, JK and McIntosh, AR}, Title = {Aging gracefully: compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {17}, Number = {3}, Pages = {1394-1402}, Year = {2002}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1053-8119}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12414279}, Abstract = {Whereas some older adults show significant cognitive deficits, others perform as well as young adults. We investigated the neural basis of these different aging patterns using positron emission tomography (PET). In PET and functional MRI (fMRI) studies, prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity tends to be less asymmetric in older than in younger adults (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Old Adults or HAROLD). This change may help counteract age-related neurocognitive decline (compensation hypothesis) or it may reflect an age-related difficulty in recruiting specialized neural mechanisms (dedifferentiation hypothesis). To compare these two hypotheses, we measured PFC activity in younger adults, low-performing older adults, and high-performing older adults during recall and source memory of recently studied words. Compared to recall, source memory was associated with right PFC activations in younger adults. Low-performing older adults recruited similar right PFC regions as young adults, but high-performing older adults engaged PFC regions bilaterally. Thus, consistent with the compensation hypothesis and inconsistent with the dedifferentiation hypothesis, a hemispheric asymmetry reduction was found in high-performing but not in low-performing older adults. The results suggest that low-performing older adults recruited a similar network as young adults but used it inefficiently, whereas high-performing older adults counteracted age-related neural decline through a plastic reorganization of neurocognitive networks.}, Doi = {10.1006/nimg.2002.1280}, Key = {fds251123} } @article{fds251122, Author = {Dolcos, F and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Event-related potentials of emotional memory: encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures.}, Journal = {Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience}, Volume = {2}, Number = {3}, Pages = {252-263}, Year = {2002}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {1530-7026}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775189}, Abstract = {Emotional events tend to be remembered better than nonemotional events. We investigated this phenomenon by measuring two event-related potential (ERP) effects: the emotion effect (more positive ERPs for pleasant or unpleasant stimuli than for neutral stimuli) and the subsequent memory effect (more positive ERPs for subsequently remembered items than for subsequently forgotten items). ERPs were measured while subjects rated the emotional content of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. As was expected, subsequent recall was better for pleasant and unpleasant pictures than for neutral pictures. The emotion effect was sensitive to arousal in parietal electrodes and to both arousal and valence in frontocentral electrodes. The subsequent memory effect at centroparietal electrodes was greater for emotional pictures than for neutral pictures during an early epoch (400-600 msec). This result suggests that emotional information has privileged access to processing resources, possibly leading to better memory formation.}, Doi = {10.3758/cabn.2.3.252}, Key = {fds251122} } @article{fds251124, Author = {Cabeza, R and Dolcos, F and Graham, R and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Similarities and differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory retrieval and working memory.}, Journal = {NeuroImage}, Volume = {16}, Number = {2}, Pages = {317-330}, Year = {2002}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {1053-8119}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12030819}, Abstract = {Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that different cognitive functions activate overlapping brain regions. An activation overlap may occur because a region is involved in operations tapped by different cognitive functions or because the activated area comprises subregions differentially involved in each of the functions. To investigate these issues, we directly compared brain activity during episodic retrieval (ER) and working memory (WM) using event-related functional MRI (fMRI). ER was investigated with a word recognition test, and WM was investigated with a word delayed-response test. Two-phase trials distinguished between retrieval mode and cue-specific aspects of ER, as well as between encoding/maintenance and retrieval aspects of WM. The results revealed a common fronto-parieto-cerebellar network for ER and WM, as well as subregions differentially involved in each function. Specifically, there were two main findings. First, the results differentiated common and specific subregions within the prefrontal cortex: (i) left dorsolateral areas were recruited by both functions, possibly reflecting monitoring operations; (ii) bilateral anterior and ventrolateral areas were more activated during ER than during WM, possibly reflecting retrieval mode and cue-specific ER operations, respectively; and (iii) left posterior/ventral (Broca's area) and bilateral posterior/dorsal areas were more activated during WM than during ER, possibly reflecting phonological and generic WM operations, respectively. Second, hippocampal and parahippocampal regions were activated not only for ER but also for WM. This result suggests that indexing operations mediated by the medial temporal lobes apply to both long-term and short-term memory traces. Overall, our results show that direct cross-function comparisons are critical to understand the role of different brain regions in various cognitive functions.}, Doi = {10.1006/nimg.2002.1063}, Key = {fds251124} } @article{fds251120, Author = {Nyberg, L and Forkstam, C and Petersson, KM and Cabeza, R and Ingvar, M}, Title = {Brain imaging of human memory systems: between-systems similarities and within-system differences.}, Journal = {Brain research. Cognitive brain research}, Volume = {13}, Number = {2}, Pages = {281-292}, Year = {2002}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0926-6410}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11958972}, Abstract = {There is much evidence for the existence of multiple memory systems. However, it has been argued that tasks assumed to reflect different memory systems share basic processing components and are mediated by overlapping neural systems. Here we used multivariate analysis of PET-data to analyze similarities and differences in brain activity for multiple tests of working memory, semantic memory, and episodic memory. The results from two experiments revealed between-systems differences, but also between-systems similarities and within-system differences. Specifically, support was obtained for a task-general working-memory network that may underlie active maintenance. Premotor and parietal regions were salient components of this network. A common network was also identified for two episodic tasks, cued recall and recognition, but not for a test of autobiographical memory. This network involved regions in right inferior and polar frontal cortex, and lateral and medial parietal cortex. Several of these regions were also engaged during the working-memory tasks, indicating shared processing for episodic and working memory. Fact retrieval and synonym generation were associated with increased activity in left inferior frontal and middle temporal regions and right cerebellum. This network was also associated with the autobiographical task, but not with living/non-living classification, and may reflect elaborate retrieval of semantic information. Implications of the present results for the classification of memory tasks with respect to systems and/or processes are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00052-6}, Key = {fds251120} } @article{fds251125, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model.}, Journal = {Psychology and aging}, Volume = {17}, Number = {1}, Pages = {85-100}, Year = {2002}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0882-7974}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11931290}, Abstract = {A model of the effects of aging on brain activity during cognitive performance is introduced. The model is called HAROLD (hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults), and it states that, under similar circumstances, prefrontal activity during cognitive performances tends to be less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults. The model is supported by functional neuroimaging and other evidence in the domains of episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perception, and inhibitory control. Age-related hemispheric asymmetry reductions may have a compensatory function or they may reflect a dedifferentiation process. They may have a cognitive or neural origin, and they may reflect regional or network mechanisms. The HAROLD model is a cognitive neuroscience model that integrates ideas and findings from psychology and neuroscience of aging.}, Doi = {10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.85}, Key = {fds251125} } @article{fds26133, Author = {Dolcos, F. and Rice, H.J and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Hemispheric Asymmetries and Aging}, Journal = {Cognitive & Biobehavioral Reviews}, Volume = {26}, Pages = {819-825}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds26133} } @article{fds251121, Author = {Levine, B and Cabeza, R and McIntosh, AR and Black, SE and Grady, CL and Stuss, DT}, Title = {Functional Reorganization of Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Study with H2O Positron Emission Tomography}, Journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry}, Volume = {73}, Number = {2}, Pages = {173-181}, Year = {2002}, ISSN = {0022-3050}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12122177}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To study the effects of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the functional neuroanatomy supporting memory retrieval.<h4>Methods</h4>Subjects were six patients who had sustained a moderate to severe TBI about four years before scanning and had since made a good recovery. Eleven healthy young adults matched to the patients for age and education served as controls. An established H(2)(15)0 positron emission tomography paradigm was used to elicit brain activations in response to memory retrieval. TBI patients' patterns of brain activation were compared statistically with those of control subjects. Both group and individual case data were analysed.<h4>Results</h4>Both TBI patients and controls engaged frontal, temporal, and parietal regions known to be involved in memory retrieval, yet the TBI patients showed relative increases in frontal, anterior cingulate, and occipital activity. The hemispheric asymmetry characteristic of controls was attenuated in patients with TBI. Reduced activation was noted in the right dorsomedial thalamus. Although local aspects of this pattern were affected by the presence of focal lesions and performance differences, the overall pattern was reliable across patients and comparable to functional neuroimaging results reported for normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other patients with TBI.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The TBI patients performed memory tasks using altered functional neuroanatomical networks. These changes are probably the result of diffuse axonal injury and may reflect either cortical disinhibition attributable to disconnection or compensation for inefficient mnemonic processes.}, Doi = {10.1136/jnnp.73.2.173}, Key = {fds251121} } @article{fds251117, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Cognitive neuroscience of aging: contributions of functional neuroimaging.}, Journal = {Scandinavian journal of psychology}, Volume = {42}, Number = {3}, Pages = {277-286}, Year = {2001}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0036-5564}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11501741}, Abstract = {By revealing how brain activity during cognitive performance changes as a function of aging, studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are contributing to the development of a new discipline of Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging. This article reviews functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging in the domains of visual perception, episodic memory encoding and semantic memory retrieval, episodic memory retrieval, implicit memory, and working memory. The most consistent finding of these studies was that brain activity tends to be less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults. This finding is conceptualized in terms of a model called Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Old Adults (HAROLD). According to a compensation hypothesis, bihemispheric involvement could help counteract age-related neurocognitive decline, whereas, according to a dedifferentiation hypothesis, it reflects a difficulty in recruiting specialized neural mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1111/1467-9450.00237}, Key = {fds251117} } @article{fds250999, Author = {Graham, R and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Dissociating the neural correlates of item and context memory: an ERP study of face recognition.}, Journal = {Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale}, Volume = {55}, Number = {2}, Pages = {154-161}, Year = {2001}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {1196-1961}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11433786}, Abstract = {We investigated the neural correlates of item and context retrieval using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants studied unfamiliar faces with happy or neutral expressions, and at test, they decided whether test faces were studied in the same or in a different expression, or were new. The parietal ERP effect, which is hypothesized to indirectly reflect medial-temporal lobe (MTL) function, was sensitive to item retrieval, whereas the frontal ERP effect, which is thought to reflect prefrontal cortex (PFC) function, was sensitive to context retrieval. Converging with lesion, functional neuroimaging (PET and fMRI), and ERP evidence, these results support the notion that item retrieval is primarily associated with MTL function whereas context retrieval is primarily associated by PFC function.}, Doi = {10.1037/h0087362}, Key = {fds250999} } @article{fds251114, Author = {Düzel, E and Picton, TW and Cabeza, R and Yonelinas, AP and Scheich, H and Heinze, HJ and Tulving, E}, Title = {Comparative electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of neural activation during memory-retrieval.}, Journal = {Human brain mapping}, Volume = {13}, Number = {2}, Pages = {104-123}, Year = {2001}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {1065-9471}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11346889}, Abstract = {The spatial and temporal characteristics of the brain processes underlying memory retrieval were studied with both event-related potentials (ERP) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques. Subjects studied lists of 20 words and then performed episodic (old/new judgment) or semantic (living/nonliving decision) retrieval tasks on multiple four-item test lists, each lasting 10 sec. The PET and ERP measurements at test were assessed in relation to both the task (episodic vs. semantic) and the item (old vs. new or living vs. nonliving). Episodic retrieval was associated with increased blood flow in the right frontal lobe (Brodmann Area 10) and a sustained, slowly developing positive ERP shift recorded from the right frontopolar scalp. Semantic retrieval was associated with increased blood flow in the left frontal (Area 45) and temporal (Area 21) lobes but no clear ERP concomitant. The two retrieval tasks also differed from each other in the ERPs to single items in an early (300-500 ms) time window. Item-related comparisons yielded convergent results mainly if the retrieved information was relevant to the given task (e.g., old/new items during episodic retrieval and living/nonliving items during semantic retrieval). Episodically retrieved old items were associated with increased blood flow in the left medial temporal lobe and a transient increase in the amplitude of the late positive component (500-700 ms) of the ERP. Semantically retrieved living items were associated with increased blood flow in the left frontal cortex and anterior cingulate and a transient late frontal slow wave (700-1,500 ms) in the ERPs. These results indicate that the brain regions engaged in memory retrieval are active in either a sustained or transient manner. They map task-related processes to sustained and item-related processes to transient neural activity. But they also suggest that task-related factors can transiently affect early stages of item processing.}, Doi = {10.1002/hbm.1028}, Key = {fds251114} } @article{fds251119, Author = {Cabeza, R and Rao, SM and Wagner, AD and Mayer, AR and Schacter, DL}, Title = {Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related functional MRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {98}, Number = {8}, Pages = {4805-4810}, Year = {2001}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11287664}, Abstract = {To investigate the types of memory traces recovered by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), neural activity during veridical and illusory recognition was measured with the use of functional MRI (fMRI). Twelve healthy young adults watched a videotape segment in which two speakers alternatively presented lists of associated words, and then the subjects performed a recognition test including words presented in the study lists (True items), new words closely related to studied words (False items), and new unrelated words (New items). The main finding was a dissociation between two MTL regions: whereas the hippocampus was similarly activated for True and False items, suggesting the recovery of semantic information, the parahippocampal gyrus was more activated for True than for False items, suggesting the recovery of perceptual information. The study also yielded a dissociation between two prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions: whereas bilateral dorsolateral PFC was more activated for True and False items than for New items, possibly reflecting monitoring of retrieved information, left ventrolateral PFC was more activated for New than for True and False items, possibly reflecting semantic processing. Precuneus and lateral parietal regions were more activated for True and False than for New items. Orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellar regions were more activated for False than for True items. In conclusion, the results suggest that activity in anterior MTL regions does not distinguish True from False, whereas activity in posterior MTL regions does.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.081082698}, Key = {fds251119} } @article{fds251116, Author = {Graham, R and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Event-related potentials of recognizing happy and neutral faces.}, Journal = {Neuroreport}, Volume = {12}, Number = {2}, Pages = {245-248}, Year = {2001}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0959-4965}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209928}, Abstract = {In event-related potentials (ERPs) studies, recognition memory is associated with two positivities: one over parietal regions, and one over frontal regions. With nameable neutral stimuli, such as words or common objects, the parietal effect is usually left lateralized, and the frontal effect is usually right lateralized. We investigated the lateralization of these effects for nonnameable emotional stimuli: unfamiliar faces with happy and neutral expressions. The parietal effect was bilateral, suggesting that the left lateralization of this effect in studies using nameable stimuli reflected verbal processing. The frontal effect was left lateralized for happy faces, but right lateralized for neutral faces. This finding is consistent with the valence hypothesis, which posits that processing of pleasant emotions is lateralized to the left hemisphere.}, Doi = {10.1097/00001756-200102120-00013}, Key = {fds251116} } @article{fds26830, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Rao, S.M. and Wagner, A.D. and Mayer, A. and Schacter, D.L.}, Title = {Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related fMRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA}, Volume = {98}, Pages = {4805-4810}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds26830} } @article{fds251115, Author = {Nyberg, L and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The versatile frontal lobes: A metaanalysis of 1000 PET and fMRI activations}, Journal = {BRAIN AND COGNITION}, Volume = {47}, Number = {1-2}, Pages = {106-110}, Year = {2001}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000172021100068&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds251115} } @article{fds251118, Author = {Cabeza, R and Anderson, ND and Kester, J and Lennartsson, ER and McIntosh, AR}, Title = {Involvement of prefrontal regions on episodic retrieval: Evidence for a generate-recognize asymmetry model}, Journal = {BRAIN AND COGNITION}, Volume = {47}, Number = {1-2}, Pages = {62-66}, Year = {2001}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000172021100054&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds251118} } @article{fds251110, Author = {Brown, NR and Buchanan, L and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Estimating the frequency of nonevents: the role of recollection failure in false recognition.}, Journal = {Psychonomic bulletin & review}, Volume = {7}, Number = {4}, Pages = {684-691}, Year = {2000}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1069-9384}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11206210}, Abstract = {Participants studied lists of multiply presented converging associates (e.g., bed, dream, pillow, etc.) and were timed as they estimated how often they saw list items, related foils (e.g., blanket), and nonpresented critical items (SLEEP). Average number of repetitions (few [3] vs. many [6]) and repetition variability (fixed vs. variable) were manipulated between subjects. Participants responded more slowly to critical items (3.18 sec) than to list items (2.45 sec) or foils (2.22 sec). In addition, critical-item judgments of frequency (JOFs) were about as large as list-item JOFs, and false recognition (i.e., nonzero JOFs) of critical items was most likely in the few-fixed condition (96%) and least likely in the many-fixed condition (74%). These findings suggest that people can use recollection failure--the absence of an anticipated recollective experience, coupled with strong familiarity--to distinguish critical items from list items and that recollection failure is weighted most heavily when people expect familiar probes to access episodic information.}, Doi = {10.3758/bf03213007}, Key = {fds251110} } @article{fds251109, Author = {Anderson, ND and Iidaka, T and Cabeza, R and Kapur, S and McIntosh, AR and Craik, FI}, Title = {The effects of divided attention on encoding- and retrieval-related brain activity: A PET study of younger and older adults.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {12}, Number = {5}, Pages = {775-792}, Year = {2000}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11054920}, Abstract = {Divided attention (DA) disrupts episodic encoding, but has little effect on episodic retrieval. Furthermore, normal aging is associated with episodic memory impairments, and when young adults are made to encode information under DA conditions, their memory performance is reduced and resembles that of old adults working under full attention (FA) conditions. Together, these results suggest a common neurocognitive mechanism by which aging and DA during encoding disrupt memory performance. In the current study, we used PET to investigate younger and older adults' brain activity during encoding and retrieval under FA and DA conditions. In FA conditions, the old adults showed reduced activity in prefrontal regions that younger adults activated preferentially during encoding or retrieval, as well as increased activity in prefrontal regions young adults did not activate. These results indicate that prefrontal functional specificity of episodic memory is reduced by aging. During encoding, DA reduced memory performance, and reduced brain activity in left-prefrontal and medial-temporal lobe regions for both age groups, indicating that DA during encoding interferes with encoding processes that lead to better memory performance. During retrieval, memory performance and retrieval-related brain activity were relatively immune to DA for both age groups, suggesting that DA during retrieval does not interfere with the brain systems necessary for successful retrieval. Finally, left inferior prefrontal activity was reduced similarly by aging and by DA during encoding, suggesting that the behavioral correspondence between these effects is the result of a reduced ability to engage in elaborate encoding operations.}, Doi = {10.1162/089892900562598}, Key = {fds251109} } @article{fds251113, Author = {Cabeza, R and Kato, T}, Title = {Features are also important: contributions of featural and configural processing to face recognition.}, Journal = {Psychological science}, Volume = {11}, Number = {5}, Pages = {429-433}, Year = {2000}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0956-7976}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228917}, Abstract = {It has been suggested that face recognition is primarily based on configural information, with featural information playing little or no role. We investigated this idea by comparing the prototype effect for face prototypes that emphasized either featural or configural processing. In Experiment 1, participants showed a tendency to commit false alarms in response to nonstudied prototypes, and this tendency was equivalent for featural and configural prototypes. Experiment 2 replicated this finding, and provided support for the assumption that the two types of prototypes differed in terms of featural and configural processing: Face inversion eliminated the prototype effect for configural prototypes but not for featural prototypes. These results suggest that both featural and configural processing make important contributions to face recognition, and that their effects are dissociable.}, Doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.00283}, Key = {fds251113} } @article{fds251085, Author = {Cabeza, R and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Neural bases of learning and memory: functional neuroimaging evidence.}, Journal = {Current opinion in neurology}, Volume = {13}, Number = {4}, Pages = {415-421}, Year = {2000}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1350-7540}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10970058}, Abstract = {Positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have identified brain regions associated with different forms of memory. Working memory has been associated primarily with the bilateral prefrontal and parietal regions; semantic memory with the left prefrontal and temporal regions; episodic memory encoding with the left prefrontal and medial temporal regions; episodic memory retrieval with the right prefrontal, posterior midline and medial temporal regions; and skill learning with the motor, parietal, and subcortical regions. Recent studies have provided higher specificity, by dissociating the neural correlates of different subcomponents of complex memory tasks, and the cognitive roles of different subregions of larger brain areas.}, Doi = {10.1097/00019052-200008000-00008}, Key = {fds251085} } @article{fds251108, Author = {Iidaka, T and Anderson, ND and Kapur, S and Cabeza, R and Craik, FI}, Title = {The effect of divided attention on encoding and retrieval in episodic memory revealed by positron emission tomography.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {12}, Number = {2}, Pages = {267-280}, Year = {2000}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10771411}, Abstract = {The effects of divided attention (DA) on episodic memory encoding and retrieval were investigated in 12 normal young subjects by positron emission tomography (PET). Cerebral blood flow was measured while subjects were concurrently performing a memory task (encoding and retrieval of visually presented word pairs) and an auditory tone-discrimination task. The PET data were analyzed using multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS), and the results revealed three sets of neural correlates related to specific task contrasts. Brain activity, relatively greater under conditions of full attention (FA) than DA, was identified in the occipital-temporal, medial, and ventral-frontal areas, whereas areas showing relatively more activity under DA than FA were found in the cerebellum, temporo-parietal, left anterior-cingulate gyrus, and bilateral dorsolateral-prefrontal areas. Regions more active during encoding than during retrieval were located in the hippocampus, temporal and the prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere, and regions more active during retrieval than during encoding included areas in the medial and right-prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cuneus. DA at encoding was associated with specific decreases in rCBF in the left-prefrontal areas, whereas DA at retrieval was associated with decreased rCBF in a relatively small region in the right-prefrontal cortex. These different patterns of activity are related to the behavioral results, which showed a substantial decrease in memory performance when the DA task was performed at encoding, but no change in memory levels when the DA task was performed at retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1162/089892900562093}, Key = {fds251108} } @article{fds250998, Author = {Nyberg, L and Persson, J and Habib, R and Tulving, E and McIntosh, AR and Cabeza, R and Houle, S}, Title = {Large scale neurocognitive networks underlying episodic memory.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {163-173}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10769313}, Abstract = {Large-scale networks of brain regions are believed to mediate cognitive processes, including episodic memory. Analyses of regional differences in brain activity, measured by functional neuroimaging, have begun to identify putative components of these networks. To more fully characterize neurocognitive networks, however, it is necessary to use analytical methods that quantify neural network interactions. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure brain activity during initial encoding and subsequent recognition of sentences and pictures. For each type of material, three recognition conditions were included which varied with respect to target density (0%, 50%, 100%). Analysis of large-scale activity patterns identified a collection of foci whose activity distinguished the processing of sentences vs. pictures. A second pattern, which showed strong prefrontal cortex involvement, distinguished the type of cognitive process (encoding or retrieval). For both pictures and sentences, the manipulation of target density was associated with minor activation changes. Instead, it was found to relate to systematic changes of functional connections between material-specific regions and several other brain regions, including medial temporal, right prefrontal and parietal regions. These findings provide evidence for large-scale neural interactions between material-specific and process-specific neural substrates of episodic encoding and retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1162/089892900561805}, Key = {fds250998} } @article{fds251111, Author = {Cabeza, R and Anderson, ND and Houle, S and Mangels, JA and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Age-related differences in neural activity during item and temporal-order memory retrieval: a positron emission tomography study.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {197-206}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10769316}, Abstract = {Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the hypothesis that older adults' difficulties with temporal-order memory are related to deficits in frontal function. Young (mean 24.7 years) and old (mean 68.6 years) participants studied a list of words, and were then scanned while retrieving information about what words were in the list (item retrieval) or when they occurred within the list (temporal-order retrieval). There were three main results. First, whereas the younger adults engaged right prefrontal regions more during temporal-order retrieval than during item retrieval, the older adults did not. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that context memory deficits in older adults are due to frontal dysfunction. Second, ventromedial temporal activity during item memory was relatively unaffected by aging. This finding concurs with evidence that item memory is relatively preserved in old adults and with the notion that medial temporal regions are involved in automatic retrieval operations. Finally, replicating the result of a previous study (Cabeza, R., Grady, C. L., Nyberg, L., McIntosh, A. R. , Tulving, E., Kapur, S., Jennings, J. M., Houle, S., and Craik, F. I. M., 1997), the old adults showed weaker activations than the young adults in the right prefrontal cortex but stronger activations in the left prefrontal cortex. The age-related increase in left prefrontal activity may be interpreted as compensatory. Taken together, the results suggest that age-related changes in brain activity are rather process- and region-specific, and that they involve increases as well as decreases in neural activity.}, Doi = {10.1162/089892900561832}, Key = {fds251111} } @article{fds251112, Author = {Cabeza, R and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {12}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-47}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10769304}, Abstract = {Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been extensively used to explore the functional neuroanatomy of cognitive functions. Here we review 275 PET and fMRI studies of attention (sustained, selective, Stroop, orientation, divided), perception (object, face, space/motion, smell), imagery (object, space/motion), language (written/spoken word recognition, spoken/no spoken response), working memory (verbal/numeric, object, spatial, problem solving), semantic memory retrieval (categorization, generation), episodic memory encoding (verbal, object, spatial), episodic memory retrieval (verbal, nonverbal, success, effort, mode, context), priming (perceptual, conceptual), and procedural memory (conditioning, motor, and nonmotor skill learning). To identify consistent activation patterns associated with these cognitive operations, data from 412 contrasts were summarized at the level of cortical Brodmann's areas, insula, thalamus, medial-temporal lobe (including hippocampus), basal ganglia, and cerebellum. For perception and imagery, activation patterns included primary and secondary regions in the dorsal and ventral pathways. For attention and working memory, activations were usually found in prefrontal and parietal regions. For language and semantic memory retrieval, typical regions included left prefrontal and temporal regions. For episodic memory encoding, consistently activated regions included left prefrontal and medial temporal regions. For episodic memory retrieval, activation patterns included prefrontal, medial temporal, and posterior midline regions. For priming, deactivations in prefrontal (conceptual) or extrastriate (perceptual) regions were consistently seen. For procedural memory, activations were found in motor as well as in non-motor brain areas. Analysis of regional activations across cognitive domains suggested that several brain regions, including the cerebellum, are engaged by a variety of cognitive challenges. These observations are discussed in relation to functional specialization as well as functional integration.}, Doi = {10.1162/08989290051137585}, Key = {fds251112} } @article{fds337676, Author = {Blanco, Y and Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {[Visual synthesis of speech].}, Journal = {Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {41-66}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.23938/assn.0730}, Abstract = {The eyes can come to be the sole tool of communication for highly disabled patients. With the appropriate technology it is possible to successfully interpret eye movements, increasing the possibilities of patient communication with the use of speech synthesisers. A system of these characteristics will have to include a speech synthesiser, an interface for the user to construct the text and a method of gaze interpretation. In this way a situation will be achieved in which the user will manage the system solely with his eyes. This review sets out the state of the art of the three modules that make up a system of this type, and finally it introduces the speech synthesis system (Síntesis Visual del Habla [SiVHa]), which is being developed in the Public University of Navarra.}, Doi = {10.23938/assn.0730}, Key = {fds337676} } @article{fds26151, Author = {Iidaka, T. and Anderson, N.D. and Kapur, S. and Cabeza, R. and Craik, F.I.M.}, Title = {The Effect of Divided Attention on Encoding and Retrieval in Episodic Memory Revealed by Positron Emmision Tomography}, Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Volume = {12}, Pages = {267-280}, Year = {2000}, Key = {fds26151} } @article{fds251106, Author = {Cabeza, R and Anderson, ND and Mangels, JA and McIntosh, AR and Houle, S and Tulving, E}, Title = {Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow associated with item and temporal-order memory retrieval}, Journal = {Brain and Cognition}, Volume = {39}, Number = {1}, Pages = {42-47}, Year = {1999}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, Abstract = {Young and older adults studied a word list and were then PET scanned while retrieving information about what words were in the list (item retrieval) or when words occurred within the list (temporal-order retrieval). There were three main findings. First, younger but not older adults engaged right prefrontal regions more during temporal-order retrieval than during item retrieval. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that context memory deficits in older adults are due to frontal dysfunction. Second, ventromedial activity during item retrieval was relatively unaffected by aging. This result concurs with the hypothesis that automatic retrieval operations mediated by the medial temporal lobes are spared by aging. Third, older adults showed weaker activations than young adults in the right prefrontal cortex, but showed stronger activations in the left prefrontal cortex. This last result may be interpreted as evidence for functional compensation in older adults. © 1999 Academic Press.}, Key = {fds251106} } @article{fds251104, Author = {Buchanan, L and Brown, NR and Cabeza, R and Maitson, C}, Title = {False memories and semantic lexicon arrangement.}, Journal = {Brain and language}, Volume = {68}, Number = {1-2}, Pages = {172-177}, Year = {1999}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0093-934X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10433755}, Abstract = {A description of semantic lexicon arrangement is a central goal in examinations of language processing. There are a number of ways in which this description has been cast and a host of different mechanisms in place for providing operational descriptions (e.g., feature sharing, category membership, associations, and co-occurrences). We first review two views of the structure of semantic space and then describe an experiment that attempts to adjudicate between these two views. The use of a false memory paradigm provides us with evidence that supports the notion that the semantic lexicon is arranged more by association than by categories or features.}, Doi = {10.1006/brln.1999.2072}, Key = {fds251104} } @article{fds251023, Author = {Düzel, E and Cabeza, R and Picton, TW and Yonelinas, AP and Scheich, H and Heinze, HJ and Tulving, E}, Title = {Task-related and item-related brain processes of memory retrieval.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {96}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1794-1799}, Year = {1999}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9990104}, Abstract = {In all cognitive tasks, general task-related processes operate throughout a given task on all items, whereas specific item-related processes operate differentially on individual items. In typical functional neuroimaging experiments, these two sets of processes have usually been confounded. Herein we report a combined positron emission tomography and event-related potential (ERP) experiment that was designed to distinguish between neural correlates of task-related and item-related processes of memory retrieval. Two retrieval tasks, episodic and semantic, were crossed with episodic (old/new) and semantic (living/nonliving) properties of individual items to yield evidence of regional brain activity associated with task-related processes, item-related processes, and their interaction. The results showed that episodic retrieval task was associated with increased blood flow in right prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as with a sustained right-frontopolar-positive ERP, but that the semantic retrieval task was associated with left frontal and temporal lobe activity. Retrieval of old items was associated with increased blood flow in the left medial temporal lobe and with a brief late positive ERP component. The results provide converging hemodynamic and electrophysiological evidence for the distinction of task- and item-related processes, show that they map onto spatially and temporally distinct patterns of brain activity, and clarify the hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry (HERA) model of prefrontal encoding and retrieval asymmetry.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.96.4.1794}, Key = {fds251023} } @article{fds251107, Author = {Cabeza, R and Bruce, V and Kato, T and Oda, M}, Title = {The prototype effect in face recognition: extension and limits.}, Journal = {Memory & cognition}, Volume = {27}, Number = {1}, Pages = {139-151}, Year = {1999}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0090-502X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10087863}, Abstract = {The prototype effect in face recognition refers to a tendency to recognize the face corresponding to the central value of a series of seen faces, even when this central value or prototype has not been seen. Five experiments investigated the extension and limits of this phenomenon. In all the experiments, participants saw a series of faces, each one in two or more different versions or exemplars, and then performed a recognition test, including seen and unseen exemplars and the unseen prototype face. In Experiment 1, a strong prototype effect for variations in feature location was demonstrated in oldness ratings and in a standard old/new recognition test. Experiments 2A and 2B compared the prototype effect for variations in feature location and variations in head angle and showed that, for the latter, the prototype effect was weaker and more dependent on similarity than for the former. These results suggest that recognition across feature variations is based on an averaging mechanism, whereas recognition across viewpoint variations is based on an approximation mechanism. Experiments 3A and 3B examined the limits of the prototype effect using a face morphing technique that allows a systematic manipulation of face similarity. The results indicated that, as the similarity between face exemplars decreases to the level of similarity between the faces of different individuals, the prototype effect starts to disappear. At the same time, the prototype effect may originate false memories of faces that were never seen.}, Doi = {10.3758/bf03201220}, Key = {fds251107} } @article{fds251103, Author = {Iidaka, T and Anderson, N and Kapur, S and Cabeza, R and Okamoto, C and Craik, FIM}, Title = {Age-related differences in brain activation during encoding and retrieval under divided attention: A positron emission tomography (PET) study}, Journal = {BRAIN AND COGNITION}, Volume = {39}, Number = {1}, Pages = {53-55}, Year = {1999}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000078827600023&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds251103} } @article{fds251105, Author = {Duzel, E and Picton, TW and Cabeza, R and Yonelinas, AP and Scheich, H and Heinza, HJ and Tulving, E}, Title = {Task- and Item-Related Processes in Memory Retrieval: A Combined PET and ERP Study}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA}, Volume = {96}, Pages = {1794-1799}, Year = {1999}, Key = {fds251105} } @article{fds251099, Author = {Nyberg, L and Cabeza, R and Tulving, E}, Title = {Asymmetric frontal activation during episodic memory: what kind of specificity?}, Journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences}, Volume = {2}, Number = {11}, Pages = {419-420}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1364-6613}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21227266}, Doi = {10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01242-x}, Key = {fds251099} } @article{fds251102, Author = {McIntosh, AR and Cabeza, RE and Lobaugh, NJ}, Title = {Analysis of neural interactions explains the activation of occipital cortex by an auditory stimulus.}, Journal = {Journal of neurophysiology}, Volume = {80}, Number = {5}, Pages = {2790-2796}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-3077}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2790}, Abstract = {Analysis of neural interactions explains the activation of occipital cortex by an auditory stimulus. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2790-2796, 1998. Large-scale neural interactions were characterized in human subjects as they learned that an auditory stimulus signaled a visual event. Once learned, activation of left dorsal occipital cortex (increased regional cerebral blood flow) was observed when the auditory stimulus was presented alone. Partial least-squares analysis of the interregional correlations (functional connectivity) between the occipital area and the rest of the brain identified a pattern of covariation with four dominant brain areas that could have mediated this activation: prefrontal cortex (near Brodmann area 10, A10), premotor cortex (A6), superior temporal cortex (A41/42), and contralateral occipital cortex (A18). Interactions among these regions and the occipital area were quantified with structural equation modeling to identify the strongest sources of the effect on left occipital activity (effective connectivity). Learning-related changes in feedback effects from A10 and A41/42 appeared to account for this change in occipital activity. Influences from these areas on the occipital area were initially suppressive, or negative, becoming facilitory, or positive, as the association between the auditory and visual stimuli was acquired. Evaluating the total effects within the functional models showed positive influences throughout the network, suggesting enhanced interactions may have primed the system for the now-expected visual discrimination. By characterizing both changes in activity and the interactions underlying sensory associative learning, we demonstrated how parts of the nervous system operate as a cohesive network in learning about and responding to the environment.}, Doi = {10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2790}, Key = {fds251102} } @article{fds251100, Author = {Levine, B and Black, SE and Cabeza, R and Sinden, M and Mcintosh, AR and Toth, JP and Tulving, E and Stuss, DT}, Title = {Episodic memory and the self in a case of isolated retrograde amnesia.}, Journal = {Brain : a journal of neurology}, Volume = {121 ( Pt 10)}, Pages = {1951-1973}, Year = {1998}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0006-8950}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798749}, Abstract = {Isolated retrograde amnesia is defined as impaired recollection of experiences pre-dating brain injury with relatively preserved anterograde learning and memory. We present findings from a patient (M.L.) with isolated retrograde amnesia following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) that address hypotheses of the interrelationships of focal neuropathology, episodic memory and the self. M.L. is densely amnesic for experiences predating his injury, but shows normal anterograde memory performance on a variety of standard tests of recall and recognition. The cognitive processes underlying this performance were examined with the remember/know technique, which permits separation of episodic from non-episodic contributions to memory tests by quantifying subjects' reports of re-experiencing aspects of the encoding episode. The results demonstrated that M.L. does not episodically re-experience post-injury events to the same extent as control subjects, although he can use familiarity or other non-episodic processes to distinguish events he has experienced from those he has not experienced. M.L.'s MRI showed damage to the right ventral frontal cortex and underlying white matter, including the uncinate fasciculus, a frontotemporal band of fibres previously hypothesized to mediate retrieval of specific events from one's personal past. Recent functional neuroimaging evidence of an association between right frontal lobe functioning and episodic retrieval demands suggest that M.L.'s memory deficits are related to this focal injury. This hypothesis was supported by right frontal polar hypoactivation in M.L. in response to episodic retrieval demands when he was examined with a cognitive activation H2(15)O PET paradigm that reliably activated this frontal region in both healthy controls and patients with TBI carefully matched to M.L. (but without isolated retrograde amnesia). He also showed increased left inferomedial temporal activation relative to control subjects, suggesting that his spared anterograde memory is mediated through increased reliance on medial temporal lobe structures. Re-experiencing events as part of one's past is based on autonoetic awareness, i.e. awareness of oneself as a continuous entity across time. This form of awareness also supports the formulation of future goals and the implementation of a behavioural guidance system to achieve them. The findings from this study converge to suggest that M.L. has impaired autonoetic awareness attributable to right ventral frontal lobe injury, including right frontal-temporal disconnection. Reorganized brain systems mediate certain preserved cognitive operations in M.L., but without the normal complement of information concerning the self with respect to both past and future events.}, Doi = {10.1093/brain/121.10.1951}, Key = {fds251100} } @article{fds251101, Author = {McIntosh, AR and Lobaugh, NJ and Cabeza, R and Bookstein, FL and Houle, S}, Title = {Convergence of neural systems processing stimulus associations and coordinating motor responses.}, Journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)}, Volume = {8}, Number = {7}, Pages = {648-659}, Year = {1998}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {1047-3211}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823486}, Abstract = {A sensory-sensory learning paradigm was used to measure neural changes in humans during acquisition of an association between an auditory and visual stimulus. Three multivariate partial least-squares (PLS) analyses of positron emission tomography data identified distributed neural systems related to (i) processing the significance of the auditory stimulus, (ii) mediating the acquisition of the behavioral response, and (iii) the spatial overlap between these two systems. The system that processed the significance of the tone engaged primarily right hemisphere regions and included dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, putamen, and inferior parietal and temporal cortices. Activity changes in left occipital cortex were also identified, most likely reflecting the learned expectancy of the upcoming visual event. The system related to behavior was similar to that which coded the significance of the tone, including dorsal occipital cortex. The PLS analysis of the concordance between these two systems showed substantial regional overlap, and included occipital, dorsolateral prefrontal, and limbic cortices. However, activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was strictly related to processing the auditory stimulus and not to behavior. Taken together, the PLS analyses identified a system that contained a sensory-motor component (comprised of occipital, temporal association and sensorimotor cortices) and a medial prefrontallimbic component, that as a group simultaneously embodied the learning-related response to the stimuli and the subsequent change in behavior.}, Doi = {10.1093/cercor/8.7.648}, Key = {fds251101} } @article{fds337677, Author = {Cabeza, R and Carlosena, A}, Title = {Computational synthesis of arbitrary floating impedances}, Journal = {International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications}, Volume = {26}, Number = {5}, Pages = {463-475}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1998}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-007X(199809/10)26:5<463::AID-CTA26>3.0.CO}, Abstract = {An algorithm for the synthesis of immittances is briefly described. Given a driving point immittance function and specifying the number of nodes, the algorithm will generate all the networks fulfilling the specified function with the predetermined number of nodes. This algorithm has been implemented with MathematicaTM in a desktop workstation with excellent results. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of this algorithm, several examples are presented, with theoretical and simulation analysis.}, Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-007X(199809/10)26:5<463::AID-CTA26>3.0.CO}, Key = {fds337677} } @article{fds337678, Author = {Cabeza, R and Carlosena, A}, Title = {Cautionary note on stability of current conveyor-based circuits}, Journal = {International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications}, Volume = {26}, Number = {2}, Pages = {215-218}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1998}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-007X(199803/04)26:2<215::AID-CTA5>3.0.CO;}, Abstract = {The current conveyor-based circuits have many resemblances to ones built-up with operational amplifiers. In the latter, the feedback resistor has a lower bound to assure stability, while in the former, it is the load resistor which is limited by an upper bound. Simple models for CCII are unable to predict high frequency phase lag, mainly due to the inductive effect at terminal X, and to higher order poles in the voltage and current buffers. All these effects are important particularly in high performance CCII implementations. Their effect is more noticeable and negative when the circuit is not designed to optimize the own characteristics of the CCII.}, Doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-007X(199803/04)26:2<215::AID-CTA5>3.0.CO;}, Key = {fds337678} } @article{fds250997, Author = {Levin, B and Cabeza, R and Black, S and Sinden, M and Leibovitch, F and Toth, JP and Tulving, E and Stuss, DT}, Title = {Erratum: 26. Functional and structural neuroimaging correlates of selective retrograde amnesia: A case study with MRI and PET (Brain and Cognition (1997) 35:3 (372-376))}, Journal = {Brain and Cognition}, Volume = {36}, Number = {3}, Pages = {431-432}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1998.1012}, Doi = {10.1006/brcg.1998.1012}, Key = {fds250997} } @article{fds251097, Author = {Cabeza, R and McIntosh, AR and Tulving, E and Nyberg, L and Grady, CL}, Title = {Age-related differences in effective neural connectivity during encoding and recall.}, Journal = {Neuroreport}, Volume = {8}, Number = {16}, Pages = {3479-3483}, Year = {1997}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0959-4965}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9427311}, Abstract = {Age-related differences in brain activity may reflect local neural changes in the regions involved or they may reflect a more global transformation of brain function. To investigate this issue, we applied structural equation modeling to the results of a positron emission tomography (PET) study in which young and old adults encoded and recalled word pairs. In the young group there was a shift from positive interactions involving the left prefrontal cortex during encoding to positive interactions involving the right prefrontal cortex during recall, whereas in the old group frontal interactions were mixed during encoding and bilaterally positive during recall. The present results suggest that age-related changes in neural activation are partly due to age-related changes in effective connectivity in the neural network underlying the task.}, Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199711100-00013}, Key = {fds251097} } @article{fds251093, Author = {Cabeza, R and Mangels, J and Nyberg, L and Habib, R and Houle, S and McIntosh, AR and Tulving, E}, Title = {Brain regions differentially involved in remembering what and when: a PET study.}, Journal = {Neuron}, Volume = {19}, Number = {4}, Pages = {863-870}, Year = {1997}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0896-6273}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9354332}, Abstract = {Recollecting a past episode involves remembering not only what happened but also when it happened. We used positron emission tomography (PET) to directly contrast the neural correlates of item and temporalorder memory. Subjects studied a list of words and were then scanned while retrieving information about what words were in the list or when they occurred within the list. Item retrieval was related to increased neural activity in medial temporal and basal forebrain regions, whereas temporal-order retrieval was associated with activations in dorsal prefrontal, cuneus/precuneus, and right posterior parietal regions. The dissociation between temporal and frontal lobe regions confirms and extends previous lesion data. The results show that temporal-order retrieval involves a network of frontal and posterior brain regions.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80967-8}, Key = {fds251093} } @article{fds250996, Author = {Cabeza, R and Burton, AM and Kelly, SW and Akamatsu, S}, Title = {Investigating the relation between imagery and perception: evidence from face priming.}, Journal = {The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology}, Volume = {50}, Number = {2}, Pages = {274-289}, Year = {1997}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0272-4987}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9225624}, Abstract = {The relation between imagery and perception was investigated in face priming. Two experiments are reported in which subjects either saw or imagined the faces of celebrities. They were later given a speeded perceptual test (familiarity judgement to pictures of celebrities) or a speeded imagery test (in which they were told the names of celebrities and asked to make a decision about their appearance). Seeing faces primed the perceptual test, and imaging faces primed the imagery test; however, there was no priming between seeing and imaging faces. These results show that perception and imagery can be dissociated in normal subjects. In two further experiments, we examined the effects of imaging faces on a subsequent face-naming task and on a task requiring familiarity judgements to partial faces. Both these tasks were facilitated by prior imaging of faces. These results are discussed in relation to those of McDermott & Roediger (1994), who found that imagery promoted object priming in a perceptual test involving naming partial line drawings. The implications for models of face recognition are also discussed.}, Doi = {10.1080/027249897392099}, Key = {fds250996} } @article{fds251095, Author = {Cabeza, R and Kapur, S and Craik, FI and McIntosh, AR and Houle, S and Tulving, E}, Title = {Functional Neuroanatomy of Recall and Recognition: A PET Study of Episodic Memory.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {9}, Number = {2}, Pages = {254-265}, Year = {1997}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0898-929X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.254}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to directly compare the brain regions involved in episodic-memory recall and recognition. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were measured by positron emission tomography while young healthy test persons were either recognizing or recalling previously studied word pairs. Reading of previously nonstudied pairs served as a reference task for subtractive comparisons. Compared to reading, both recall and recognition were associated with higher blood flow (activation) at identical sites in the right prefrontal cortex (areas 47, 45, and 10) and the anterior cingulate. Compared to recognition, recall was associated with higher activation in the anterior cingulate, globus pallidus, thalamus, and cerebellum, suggesting that these components of the cerebello-frontal pathway play a role in recall processes that they do not in recognition. Compared to recall, recognition was associated with higher activation in the right inferior parietal cortex (areas 39, 40, and 19), suggesting a larger perceptual component in recognition than in recall. Contrary to the expectations based on lesion data, the activations of the frontal regions were indistinguishable in recall and recognition. This finding is consistent with the notion that frontal activations in explicit memory tasks are related to the general episodic retrieval mode or retrieval attempt, rather than to specific mechanisms of ecphory (recovery of stored information).}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.254}, Key = {fds251095} } @article{fds337681, Author = {Carlosena, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {A course on instrumentation: The signal processing approach}, Journal = {Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {1326-1331}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {0780337476}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.1997.612414}, Abstract = {This paper describes a new course on Instrumentation given to Telecommunications Engineering students at the Universidad Publica de Navarra. This course has been introduced within the context of the renovation of curricula in Spain, in which instrumentation has become a mandatory subject Instrumentation is thus presented as a relevant discipline on its own in which many technologies and techniques converge. A system approach is used along the course what serves to emphasize and remark to students signal and system theory concepts.}, Doi = {10.1109/IMTC.1997.612414}, Key = {fds337681} } @article{fds251094, Author = {Cabeza, R and Grady, CL and Nyberg, L and McIntosh, AR and Tulving, E and Kapur, S and Jennings, JM and Houle, S and Craik, FI}, Title = {Age-related differences in neural activity during memory encoding and retrieval: a positron emission tomography study.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {17}, Number = {1}, Pages = {391-400}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0270-6474}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8987764}, Abstract = {Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to compare regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in young (mean 26 years) and old (mean 70 years) subjects while they were encoding, recognizing, and recalling word pairs. A multivariate partial-least-squares (PLS) analysis of the data was used to identify age-related neural changes associated with (1) encoding versus retrieval and (2) recognition versus recall. Young subjects showed higher activation than old subjects (1) in left prefrontal and occipito-temporal regions during encoding and (2) in right prefrontal and parietal regions during retrieval. Old subjects showed relatively higher activation than young subjects in several regions, including insular regions during encoding, cuneus/precuneus regions during recognition, and left prefrontal regions during recall. Frontal activity in young subjects was left-lateralized during encoding and right-lateralized during recall [hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry (HERA)], whereas old adults showed little frontal activity during encoding and a more bilateral pattern of frontal activation during retrieval. In young subjects, activation in recall was higher than that in recognition in cerebellar and cingulate regions, whereas recognition showed higher activity in right temporal and parietal regions. In old subjects, the differences in blood flow between recall and recognition were smaller in these regions, yet more pronounced in other regions. Taken together, the results indicate that advanced age is associated with neural changes in the brain systems underlying encoding, recognition, and recall. These changes take two forms: (1) age-related decreases in local regional activity, which may signal less efficient processing by the old, and (2) age-related increases in activity, which may signal functional compensation.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.17-01-00391.1997}, Key = {fds251094} } @article{fds251096, Author = {Cabeza, R and Nyberg, L}, Title = {Imaging Cognition: An Empirical Review of PET Studies with Normal Subjects.}, Journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, Volume = {9}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-26}, Year = {1997}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.1}, Abstract = {We review PET studies of higher-order cognitive processes, including attention (sustained and selective), perception (of objects, faces, and locations), language (word listening, reading, and production), working memory (phonological and visuo-spatial), semantic memory retrieval (intentional and incidental), episodic memory retrieval (verbal and nonverbal), priming, and procedural memory (conditioning and skill learning). For each process, we identify activation patterns including the most consistently involved regions. These regions constitute important components of the network of brain regions that underlie each function.}, Doi = {10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.1}, Key = {fds251096} } @article{fds250995, Author = {Levine, B and Cabeza, R and Black, S and Sinden, M and Leibovitch, F and Toth, JP and Tulving, E and Stuss, DT}, Title = {Functional and structural neuroimaging correlates of selective retrograde amnesia: A case study with MRI and PET}, Journal = {Brain and Cognition}, Volume = {35}, Number = {3}, Pages = {372-376}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, Abstract = {The neuroanatomical and neurophysiological systems underlying episodic memory functioning were assessed in a case of retrograde amnesia without anterograde amnesia following traumatic brain injury (TBI). MRI showed evidence of a focal right inferior frontal injury affecting both cortical tissue and frontal-subcortical pathways, including the uncinate fasciculus, a frontal-temporal band of fibers previously hypothesized to be involved in retrieval of personal episodic memories. On an H215O PET activation paradigm that reliably elicits right frontal activation on retrieval and left frontal activation on encoding, the index case did not show increased right frontal activation on retrieval. The normal pattern of right frontal activation was observed in a matched TBI control subject without retrograde amnesia. Both the index case and the matched control showed additional posterior activations which suggested TBI-related disinhibition, compensation, or both. Taken together, the neuroimaging findings converge to suggest a right frontal-temporal system mediating retrieval of episodic memories.}, Key = {fds250995} } @article{fds251098, Author = {Cabeza, R and McIntosh, AR and Grady, CL and Nyberg, L and Houle, S and Tulving, E}, Title = {Age-related changes in neural interactions during memory encoding and retrieval: A network analysis of PET data}, Journal = {BRAIN AND COGNITION}, Volume = {35}, Number = {3}, Pages = {369-372}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0278-2626}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000071763600039&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds251098} } @article{fds251091, Author = {Kapur, S and Tulving, E and Cabeza, R and McIntosh, AR and Houle, S and Craik, FI}, Title = {The neural correlates of intentional learning of verbal materials: a PET study in humans.}, Journal = {Brain research. Cognitive brain research}, Volume = {4}, Number = {4}, Pages = {243-249}, Year = {1996}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0926-6410}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8957565}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to identify the brain regions invoked when subjects attempt to learn verbal materials for a subsequent memory test. Twelve healthy subjects undertook two different tasks: reading and encoding of word pairs, while they were being scanned using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET). As expected, the encoding pairs were remembered much better (recall 39% vs. 8%; P < 0.001) than reading pairs in a subsequent memory test. The encoding scans, as compared to reading scans, showed activation of the left prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and the left medial temporal cortex. The left prefrontal activations were in two discrete regions: (i) a left anterior and inferior left prefrontal (Brodmann's areas 45, 46) which we attribute to semantic processing; and (ii) a left posterior mid-frontal region (BA 6, 44) which may reflect rote rehearsal. We interpret the data to suggest that when subjects use cognitive strategies of semantic processing and rote-rehearsal to learn words, they invoke discrete regions of the left prefrontal cortex. And this activation of the left prefrontal cortex along with the medial temporal region leads to a neurophysiological memory trace which can be used to guide subsequent memory retrieval.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0926-6410(96)00058-4}, Key = {fds251091} } @article{fds251090, Author = {Nyberg, L and McIntosh, AR and Cabeza, R and Habib, R and Houle, S and Tulving, E}, Title = {General and specific brain regions involved in encoding and retrieval of events: what, where, and when.}, Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, Volume = {93}, Number = {20}, Pages = {11280-11285}, Year = {1996}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0027-8424}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8855347}, Abstract = {Remembering an event involves not only what happened, but also where and when it occurred. We measured regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission tomography during initial encoding and subsequent retrieval of item, location, and time information. Multivariate image analysis showed that left frontal brain regions were always activated during encoding, and right superior frontal regions were always activated at retrieval. Pairwise image subtraction analyses revealed information-specific activations at (i) encoding, item information in left hippocampal, location information in right parietal, and time information in left fusiform regions; and (ii) retrieval, item in right inferior frontal and temporal, location in left frontal, and time in anterior cingulate cortices. These results point to the existence of general encoding and retrieval networks of episodic memory whose operations are augmented by unique brain areas recruited for processing specific aspects of remembered events.}, Doi = {10.1073/pnas.93.20.11280}, Key = {fds251090} } @article{fds251021, Author = {Nyberg, L and Cabeza, R and Tulving, E}, Title = {PET studies of encoding and retrieval: The HERA model.}, Journal = {Psychonomic bulletin & review}, Volume = {3}, Number = {2}, Pages = {135-148}, Year = {1996}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03212412}, Abstract = {We review positron emission tomography (PET) studies whose results converge on the hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry (HERA) model of the involvement of prefrontal cortical regions in the processes of human memory. The model holds that the left prefrontal cortex is differentially more involved in retrieval of information from semantic memory, and in simultaneously encoding novel aspects of the retrieved information into episodic memory, than is the right prefrontal cortex. The right prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, is differentially more involved in episodic memory retrieval than is the left prefrontal cortex. This general pattern holds for different kinds of information (e.g., verbal materials, pictures, faces) and a variety of conditions of encoding and retrieval.}, Doi = {10.3758/bf03212412}, Key = {fds251021} } @article{fds304651, Author = {Nyberg, L and McIntosh, AR and Cabeza, R and Nilsson, LG and Houle, S and Habib, R and Tulving, E}, Title = {Network analysis of positron emission tomography regional cerebral blood flow data: ensemble inhibition during episodic memory retrieval.}, Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, Volume = {16}, Number = {11}, Pages = {3753-3759}, Year = {1996}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0270-6474}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8642418}, Abstract = {Two important objectives in the neuroscience of memory are (1) identification of neural pathways involved in memory processes; and (2) characterization of the pattern of interactions between these pathways. Functional neuroimaging can contribute to both of these goals. Using image subtraction analysis of regional cerebral blood flow data measured with positron emission tomography, we identified brain regions that changed activity during episodic memory retrieval (visual work recognition). Relative to a baseline reading task, decreased activity was observed in bilateral prefrontal, bilateral anterior and posterior temporal, and posterior cingulate cortices. Brain regions showing increased activity were the right prefrontal (different from deactivated regions), left anterior cingulate, and left occipital cortices, and vermis of cerebellum. We then performed a network analysis with structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that regional decreases came about through active inhibition by regions showing increased activity during retrieval. This analysis demonstrated that the influence of activated regions on deactivated regions was more negative during retrieval than during reading, confirming the inhibition hypothesis. Such confirmation could not have been made from the subtraction analysis alone because decreases can come about, at the very least, through reduction of functional influences as well as by active inhibition. The concepts of ensemble excitation and inhibition, as defined through network analysis, are introduced. We argue that is is critical to examine the combined pattern of excitatory and inhibitory influences to fully appreciate the neural basis of episodic memory.}, Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.16-11-03753.1996}, Key = {fds304651} } @article{fds251092, Author = {Nyberg, L and McIntosh, AR and Cabeza, R and Nilsson, LG and Houle, S and Tulving, E}, Title = {Network analysis of PET rCBF data: Ensemble inhibition during episodic memory retrieval.}, Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, Volume = {16}, Number = {11}, Pages = {3753-3759}, Year = {1996}, ISSN = {0270-6474}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8642418}, Abstract = {Two important objectives in the neuroscience of memory are (1) identification of neural pathways involved in memory processes; and (2) characterization of the pattern of interactions between these pathways. Functional neuroimaging can contribute to both of these goals. Using image subtraction analysis of regional cerebral blood flow data measured with positron emission tomography, we identified brain regions that changed activity during episodic memory retrieval (visual work recognition). Relative to a baseline reading task, decreased activity was observed in bilateral prefrontal, bilateral anterior and posterior temporal, and posterior cingulate cortices. Brain regions showing increased activity were the right prefrontal (different from deactivated regions), left anterior cingulate, and left occipital cortices, and vermis of cerebellum. We then performed a network analysis with structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that regional decreases came about through active inhibition by regions showing increased activity during retrieval. This analysis demonstrated that the influence of activated regions on deactivated regions was more negative during retrieval than during reading, confirming the inhibition hypothesis. Such confirmation could not have been made from the subtraction analysis alone because decreases can come about, at the very least, through reduction of functional influences as well as by active inhibition. The concepts of ensemble excitation and inhibition, as defined through network analysis, are introduced. We argue that is is critical to examine the combined pattern of excitatory and inhibitory influences to fully appreciate the neural basis of episodic memory.}, Key = {fds251092} } @article{fds337682, Author = {Carlosena, A and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Analog universal active device: theory, design and applications}, Journal = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Microelectronics}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {723-730}, Year = {1995}, Month = {December}, Abstract = {This paper introduces the concept of what we call analog Universal Active Device (UAD), as an step forward from Operational Amplifiers and other recently proposed active devices. The model of such device is proposed together with an approach to obtain several practical silicon implementation for it. Non ideal effects of these practical implementations are theoretically analysed, and their influence in some circuit applications is comparatively studied. Simulation results are given supporting the ideas presented here.}, Key = {fds337682} } @article{fds251088, Author = {Nyberg, L and Tulving, E and Habib, R and Nilsson, LG and Kapur, S and Houle, S and Cabeza, R and McIntosh, AR}, Title = {Functional brain maps of retrieval mode and recovery of episodic information.}, Journal = {Neuroreport}, Volume = {7}, Number = {1}, Pages = {249-252}, Year = {1995}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0959-4965}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8742463}, Abstract = {Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to identify brain regions associated with two component processes of episodic retrieval; those related to thinking back in subjective time (retrieval mode) and those related to actual recovery of stored information (ecphory). Healthy young subjects recognized words that had been encoded with respect to meaning or the speaker's voice. Regardless of how the information had been encoded, recognition was associated with increased activation in regions in right prefrontal cortex, left anterior cingulate, and cerebellum. These activations reflect retrieval mode. Recognition following meaning encoding was specifically associated with increased activation in left temporal cortex, and recognition following voice encoding involved regions in right orbital frontal and parahippocampal cortex. These activations reflect ecphory of differentially encoded information.}, Key = {fds251088} } @article{fds251089, Author = {Gabeza, R}, Title = {Investigating the mixture and subdivision of perceptual and conceptual processing in Japanese memory tests.}, Journal = {Memory & cognition}, Volume = {23}, Number = {2}, Pages = {155-165}, Year = {1995}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0090-502X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03197218}, Abstract = {The dual nature of the Japanese writing system was used to investigate two assumptions of the processing view of memory transfer: (1) that both perceptual and conceptual processing can contribute to the same memory test (mixture assumption) and (2) that both can be broken into more specific processes (subdivision assumption). Supporting the mixture assumption, a word fragment completion test based on ideographic kanji characters (kanji fragment completion test) was affected by both perceptual (hiragana/kanji script shift) and conceptual (levels-of-processing) study manipulations kanji fragments, because it did not occur with the use of meaningless hiragana fragments. The mixture assumption is also supported by an effect of study script on an implicit conceptual test (sentence completion), and the subdivision assumption is supported by a crossover dissociation between hiragana and kanji fragment completion as a function of study script.}, Doi = {10.3758/bf03197218}, Key = {fds251089} } @article{fds337683, Author = {Carlosena, A and Cabeza, R and Serrano, L}, Title = {On the search for a 'universal' active element}, Journal = {Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems}, Volume = {5}, Pages = {779-782}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, Abstract = {In this paper we summarize the necessary properties that a nullor conceived to be a universal active device, must have. This approach lead us to propose a practical implementation of a nullor, consisting in a four terminal, fully floating transconductor with high gain. These design conditions are validated with some unconventional applications.}, Key = {fds337683} } @article{fds251087, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {A dissociation between two implicit conceptual tests supports the distinction between types of conceptual processing.}, Journal = {Psychonomic bulletin & review}, Volume = {1}, Number = {4}, Pages = {505-508}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1069-9384}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03210955}, Abstract = {Subjects studied words in a classification task (to what categories does it belong?) or in a production task (producing associates to the word) and then completed one of two implicit memory tests-category association or free association. The classification study task and the category-association test emphasize categorical relations between concepts, and the production study task and the free-association test draw on associative relations. As predicted by the transfer-appropriate processing principle, priming in the category-association test was larger for words studied under the classification task than for those studied under the production task, whereas the opposite was true in the free-association test. This crossover dissociation is the first obtained between two implicit conceptual tests, and it provides support for the claim that it is necessary to distinguish between different types of conceptual processing.}, Doi = {10.3758/bf03210955}, Key = {fds251087} } @article{fds337684, Author = {Cabeza, R and Carlosena, A and Serrano, L}, Title = {Unified approach to the implementations of universal active devices}, Journal = {Electronics Letters}, Volume = {30}, Number = {8}, Pages = {618-620}, Publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)}, Year = {1994}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940442}, Abstract = {A unified approach to the generation of practical implementations of a universal active device is proposed. In this way previously independent works can be seen from a unified perspective. SPICE simulations are presented of bipolar versions of the different nullors when used in the simulation of floating impedances. © 1994, IEE. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1049/el:19940442}, Key = {fds337684} } @article{fds251086, Author = {Cabeza, R and Ohta, N}, Title = {Dissociating conceptual priming, perceptual priming and explicit memory}, Journal = {European Journal of Cognitive Psychology}, Volume = {5}, Number = {1}, Pages = {35-53}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1993}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0954-1446}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1993KU97200003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {A distinction has recently been drawn between two forms of implicit tests, one sensitive to perceptual factors (implicit perceptual tests) and another sensitive to semantic factors (implicit conceptual tests). In two experiments, we examined the statistical relation between performance on an implicit perceptual test (kanji fragment completion test - a new test described in this article), on an implicit conceptual test (category association test) and on an explicit memory test (recognition). Stochastic independence was observed between the implicit perceptual and the explicit tests, between the two implicit tests (Experiment 1), and between the implicit conceptual and the explicit tests (Experiment 2). These results lend support to the distinction between perceptual and conceptual forms of priming. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1080/09541449308406513}, Key = {fds251086} } @article{fds337685, Author = {Carlosena, A and Cabeza, R and Serrano, L}, Title = {A New Method for Low-Capacitance Probing}, Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement}, Volume = {42}, Number = {3}, Pages = {775-778}, Publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.231608}, Abstract = {In this paper a method is suggested to cancel the input capacitance of instruments and probes used in measurements. This is proposed as an alternative to conventional attenuating passive and active probes. The idea is demonstrated with a practical device that is able to nullify the parasitic capacitance to less than 2 pF without introducing signal attenuation. © 1993 IEEE}, Doi = {10.1109/19.231608}, Key = {fds337685} } %% Books @book{fds250971, Author = {Cabeza, R and Purves, D and Huettel, SA and LaBar, KS and Platt, ML and Woldorff, MG}, Title = {Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Publisher = {Sinauer Associates Incorporated}, Year = {2012}, ISBN = {9780878935734}, Key = {fds250971} } @book{fds250972, Author = {Cabeza, R and Nyberg, L and Park, DC}, Title = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking cognitive and cerebral aging}, Pages = {1-408}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2009}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9780195156744}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.001.0001}, Abstract = {Until very recently, our knowledge about the neural basis of cognitive aging was based on two disciplines that had very little contact with each other. Whereas the neuroscience of aging investigated the effects of aging on the brain independently of age-related changes in cognition, the cognitive psychology of aging investigated the effects of aging on cognition independently of age-related changes in the brain. The lack of communication between these two disciplines is currently being addressed by an increasing number of studies that focus on the relationships between cognitive aging and cerebral aging. This rapidly growing body of research has come to constitute a new discipline, which may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. The goal of this book is to introduce this new discipline. This book is divided into four main sections. The first section describes non-invasive measures of cerebral aging, including structural (e.g., volumetric MRI), chemical (e.g., dopamine PET), electrophysiological (e.g., ERPs), and hemodynamic (e.g., fMRI), and discusses how they can be linked to behavioral measures of cognitive aging. The second section reviews evidence for the effects of aging on neural activity during different cognitive functions, including perception and attention, imagery, working memory, long-term memory, and prospective memory. The third section focuses on clinical and applied topics, such as the distinction between healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease and the use of cognitive training to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. The last section describes theories that relate cognitive and cerebral aging, including models accounting for functional neuroimaging evidence and models supported by computer simulations.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.001.0001}, Key = {fds250972} } @book{fds140353, Author = {Purves, D. and Brannon, E. M. and Cabeza, R. and Huettel, S. A. and LaBar, K. S. and Platt, M. L. and Woldorff, M. G}, Title = {Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Publisher = {Sinauer. (Textbook)}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds140353} } @book{fds250970, Author = {Cabeza, R and Kingstone, A}, Title = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Congnition}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds250970} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds373394, Author = {Becker, M and Cabeza, R and Kizilirmak, JM}, Title = {A COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE ON INSIGHT AS A MEMORY PROCESS: Searching for the Solution}, Pages = {491-510}, Booktitle = {The Routledge International Handbook of Creative Cognition}, Year = {2023}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780367443788}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009351-31}, Abstract = {What are the cognitive and brain processes that lead to an insight? In this chapter, we will describe the insight-solution process from a neurocognitive perspective. Inspired by cognitive theories, we translate some of insight’s main cognitive subprocesses (problem representation, search, representational change and solution) into related neurocognitive ones and summarize them in a descriptive framework. Those described processes focus primarily on verbal insight and are explained using the remote associates task. In this task, the solver is provided with several problem elements (e.g., drop, coat and summer) and needs to find the (remotely related) target that matches those cues (e.g., rain). In a nutshell, insight is the consequence of a problem-solving process where the target is encoded in long-term memory but cannot be retrieved at first because the relationship between the problem elements and the target is unknown, precluding a simple memory search. Upon problem display, the problem elements and a whole network of associated concepts are automatically activated in long-term memory in distinct areas of the brain that represent those concepts (=problem representation). Insight is assumed to occur when automatic processes suddenly activate the target after control processes associated with inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation manage to overcome prior knowledge and/or perceptual constraints by revising the current activation pattern (=representational change).}, Doi = {10.4324/9781003009351-31}, Key = {fds373394} } @misc{fds333678, Author = {Doshi, A and Cabeza, R and Berger, M}, Title = {Geriatric anesthesia: Age-dependent changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems}, Pages = {145-160}, Booktitle = {Geriatric Anesthesiology: Third Edition}, Publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, Year = {2017}, Month = {October}, ISBN = {9783319668772}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66878-9_10}, Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-66878-9_10}, Key = {fds333678} } @misc{fds345434, Author = {Wang, WC and Daselaar, SM and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Episodic Memory Decline and Healthy Aging}, Pages = {475-497}, Booktitle = {Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference}, Year = {2017}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780128052914}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.21093-6}, Abstract = {One of the cognitive functions most affected by the aging process is our memory for personally experienced past events or episodic memory (EM). The advent of functional neuroimaging has greatly advanced our knowledge of the neural basis of EM and its decline with age. The current chapter reviews prominent hypotheses of EM decline in healthy aging and relates them to recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that implicate medial temporal and prefrontal regions in age-related memory decline. Intriguingly, recent findings indicate that aging is not exclusively associated with decline. In fact, some older adults seem to cope with brain decline by shifting to alternative brain resources that can compensate for their EM deficits.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.21093-6}, Key = {fds345434} } @misc{fds366290, Author = {Wang, WC and Daselaar, SM and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Episodic memory decline and healthy aging}, Pages = {475-497}, Booktitle = {The Curated Reference Collection in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology}, Year = {2016}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780128093245}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.21093-6}, Abstract = {One of the cognitive functions most affected by the aging process is our memory for personally experienced past events or episodic memory (EM). The advent of functional neuroimaging has greatly advanced our knowledge of the neural basis of EM and its decline with age. The current chapter reviews prominent hypotheses of EM decline in healthy aging and relates them to recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that implicate medial temporal and prefrontal regions in age-related memory decline. Intriguingly, recent findings indicate that aging is not exclusively associated with decline. In fact, some older adults seem to cope with brain decline by shifting to alternative brain resources that can compensate for their EM deficits.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.21093-6}, Key = {fds366290} } @misc{fds220289, Author = {St. Jacques and P.L., Winecoff and A. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Emotion and ageing.}, Booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook of Human Affective Neuroscience}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, Editor = {Armony, J. and Vuilleumier, P.}, Year = {2013}, ISBN = {9780521171557}, Key = {fds220289} } @misc{fds220290, Author = {Daselaar, S.M. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Age-related decline in working memory and episodic memory: contributions of the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobes.}, Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {Ochsner, K. and Kosslyn, S.}, Year = {2013}, ISBN = {9780199988693}, Key = {fds220290} } @misc{fds220291, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Dennis, N.A.}, Title = {Frontal lobes and aging: Deterioration and compensation}, Series = {2nd Edition}, Booktitle = {Principles of Frontal Lobe Function}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {Stuss, D.T. and Knight, R.T.}, Year = {2013}, ISBN = {0199837759}, Key = {fds220291} } @misc{fds250974, Author = {Jacques, PL and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neural Basis of Autobiographical Memory}, Pages = {188-218}, Booktitle = {Origins and Development of Recollection: Perspectives from Psychology and Neuroscience}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2012}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9780195340792}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340792.003.0008}, Abstract = {The results of functional neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory can inform our understanding of the neural correlates of recollection in several ways. First, autobiographical memory typically involves an integration of episodic and semantic memories, and thus, the extent of recollection during autobiographical memory retrieval varies depending on the relative contribution of these two forms of memory. Second, autobiographical memory construction involves a protracted retrieval time that allows for the examination of the multiple retrieval processes mediating recollection. Third, properties that might modulate recollection processes, such as emotion, vividness, and remoteness are more easily examined at the upper boundary in autobiographical memory. This chapter focuses on these three domains where functional neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory can make unique contributions to our understanding of the complex nature of recollection. Before turning to these domains, the main functional neuroimaging methods for investigating autobiographical memory are first reviewed, which differ primarily in their ability to elicit recollection.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340792.003.0008}, Key = {fds250974} } @misc{fds250973, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe contributions to relational memory in young and older adults}, Pages = {595-626}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Binding and Memory: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2012}, Month = {March}, ISBN = {9780198529675}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529675.003.0024}, Abstract = {When we remember a past event, we typically remember not only the various components of the event, or item memory (IM), but also the associations among these components, or relational memory (RM). RM is more sensitive than IM to several memory disorders, including those associated with healthy ageing. In fact, the age effects on RM are about twice as large as those on IM. Studies with animals, human patients, and neuroimaging techniques have shown that RM depends prominently on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Although age-related RM deficits are most likely due to PFC and/or MTL dysfunction, direct evidence for this causal link is very scarce. This chapter reviews ideas and findings concerning the neural correlates of RM and how they change as a function of ageing. The first section introduces some basic concepts; the second section describes theories and evidence linking RM to PFC and MTL function; the third section considers the effects of ageing on the PFC and MTL substrates of RM. Finally, the fourth section discusses several open issues.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198529675.003.0024}, Key = {fds250973} } @misc{fds250975, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Commentary: Neuroscience frontiers of cognitive aging: Approaches to cognitive neuroscience of aging}, Pages = {179-196}, Booktitle = {New Frontiers in Cognitive Aging}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2012}, Month = {March}, ISBN = {9780198525691}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525691.003.0009}, Abstract = {This chapter describes three methodological approaches of cognitive neuroscience of aging, and for each one, it underscores some interesting findings and notes some current issues. These are the neuropsychological approach, correlational approach, and activation imaging approach. The neuropsychological approach compares cognitive changes in healthy aging and in patients with brain damage due to trauma, stroke, or degenerative disorders. The correlational approach associates cognitive measures to neural measures that were independently obtained. The activation imaging approach measures brain activity in young and older adults during cognitive performance.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198525691.003.0009}, Key = {fds250975} } @misc{fds337647, Author = {Villanueva, A and Cabeza, R and Agustin, JS}, Title = {Gaze estimation}, Pages = {310-325}, Booktitle = {Gaze Interaction and Applications of Eye Tracking: Advances in Assistive Technologies}, Publisher = {IGI Global}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9781613500989}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-098-9.ch021}, Abstract = {The main objective of gaze trackers is to provide an accurate estimate of the user's gaze by using the eye tracking information. Gaze, in its most general form, can be considered to be the line of sight or line of gaze, as 3D (imaginary) lines with respect to the camera, or as the point of regard (also termed the point of gaze). This chapter introduces different gaze estimation techniques, including geometry-based methods and interpolation methods. Issues related to both remote and head mounted trackers are discussed. Different fixation estimation methods are also briefly introduced. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with basic 3D geometry concepts as well as advanced mathematics, such as matrix manipulation and vector calculus. © 2012, IGI Global.}, Doi = {10.4018/978-1-61350-098-9.ch021}, Key = {fds337647} } @misc{fds369115, Author = {Dennis, NA and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Neuroimaging of Healthy Cognitive Aging}, Pages = {1-54}, Booktitle = {The Handbook of Aging and Cognition: Third Edition}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780203837665}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203837665-6}, Abstract = {Cognitive aging research and theory has, until recently, been based upon behavioral measures of cognitive performance such as response time and accuracy. Results from behavioral methodologies have indicated a general age-related decline in cognitive functions such as speed of processing, attention, perception, working memory, and cued and free recall-and age invariance when assessing cognitive processes associated with vocabulary and semantic memory. Recently, advances in the area of neuroimaging have allowed for the examination of the relationship between cognitive and neural differences in the aging brain. Given that cognitive processes depend on brain anatomy and physiology, it is natural to expect that previously observed behavioral differences in aging are intimately linked to age-related changes in the integrity of cerebral architecture and function.}, Doi = {10.4324/9780203837665-6}, Key = {fds369115} } @misc{fds250966, Author = {Cabeza, R and Nyberg, L and Park, DC}, Title = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Emergence of a New Discipline}, Pages = {3-16}, Booktitle = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking cognitive and cerebral aging}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2009}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9780195156744}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.003.0001}, Abstract = {This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the new discipline of cognitive neuroscience of aging (CNA). The main goal of CNA is to link the effects of aging on cognition to the effects of aging on the brain. An overview of the four main sections of the book and the subsequent chapters is presented.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.003.0001}, Key = {fds250966} } @misc{fds250967, Author = {Daselaar, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related changes in hemispheric organization}, Pages = {325-353}, Booktitle = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking cognitive and cerebral aging}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2009}, Month = {May}, ISBN = {9780195156744}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.003.0014}, Abstract = {This chapter links recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings on hemispheric lateralization and aging to general ideas about hemispheric organization. The chapter has three main sections. The first section focuses on hemispheric organization. It reviews evidence concerning hemispheric specialization, at both anatomical and functional levels, and then describes three views of hemispheric interaction: insulation, inhibition, and cooperation. The second section describes two models concerning age-related changes in lateralization: the right hemiaging model and the age-related asymmetry reduction model. Evidence supporting each model is reviewed, and the two models are compared. The third section links the first two by considering how age-related asymmetry reductions relate to the three views of hemispheric interaction and models of hemispheric specialization.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156744.003.0014}, Key = {fds250967} } @misc{fds250987, Author = {Dolcos, F and LaBar, KS and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The Memory Enhancing Effect of Emotion: Functional Neuroimaging Evidence}, Pages = {105-134}, Booktitle = {Memory and Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, Publisher = {BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781405139816}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470756232.ch6}, Abstract = {Emotional events are usually remembered better than neutral events. The anatomical and functional correlates of this phenomenon have been investigated in both animals and humans, with approaches ranging from neuropsychological and pharmacological to electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging. The present chapter reviews this evidence, focusing in particular on functional neuroimaging studies in humans, which have examined the effects of emotion on memory-related activity during both encoding and retrieval. The available evidence emphasizes the role of the amygdala, the medial temporal lobe memory system, and the prefrontal cortex. The chapter ends with a discussion of open issues and future directions. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, Doi = {10.1002/9780470756232.ch6}, Key = {fds250987} } @misc{fds155003, Author = {Daselaar S. and Cabeza R}, Title = {Episodic memory decline and healthy aging: Role of prefrontal and medial temporal lobe regions}, Booktitle = {Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Address = {Oxford, UK}, Editor = {Byrne J}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds155003} } @misc{fds155004, Author = {Dennis, N.A. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Neuroimaging of healthy cognitive aging}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and Cognition Third Edition}, Publisher = {Erlbaum}, Address = {Mahwah, NJ}, Editor = {Craik FIM and Salthouse TA}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds155004} } @misc{fds155005, Author = {Hayes, S. M. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Imaging aging: Present and Future}, Booktitle = {The Handbook of cognitive aging: Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, Publisher = {Sage}, Editor = {Hoffer, S.M. and Alwyn, D.F.}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds155005} } @misc{fds366291, Author = {Daselaar, S and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Episodic memory decline and healthy aging}, Pages = {577-599}, Booktitle = {Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference}, Year = {2007}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780123705099}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00097-8}, Abstract = {One of the functions most affected by the aging process is our memory for personally experienced past events, or episodic memory. The advent of human brain imaging techniques has greatly advanced our knowledge of the neural basis of episodic memory and its decline with age. Both structural and functional neuroimaging studies indicate important roles for medial temporal and prefrontal regions in age-related memory decline. Intriguingly, recent findings indicate that aging is not exclusively associated with decline. In fact, some older adults seem to cope with brain decline by shifting to alternative brain resources that can compensate for their memory deficits.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00097-8}, Key = {fds366291} } @misc{fds140352, Author = {Daselaar, S.M. and Dennis, N. and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related changes in the neural substrates of episodic and working memory: Functional neuroimaging evidence}, Booktitle = {Clinical Applications of Functional Brain MRI}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {S. Rombouts and F. Barkhof and P. Scheltens}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds140352} } @misc{fds43718, Author = {Cabeza, R}, Title = {Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe contributions to relational memory in young and older adults}, Booktitle = {Binding in Human Memory: A Neurocognitive Approach}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {D. Zimmer and A. Mecklinger and U. Lindenberger}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds43718} } @misc{fds43717, Author = {Daselaar, S. and Browndyke, J. and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Functional neuroimaging of cognitive aging}, Series = {Second Edition}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition}, Publisher = {MIT Press}, Editor = {R. Cabeza and A. Kingstone}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds43717} } @misc{fds43723, Author = {Dolcos, F. and LaBar, K.S. and Cabeza, R}, Title = {The memory-enhancing effect of emotion: Functional neuroimaging evidence}, Booktitle = {Memory and Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Uttl, B. and Ohta, N. and Siegenthaler, A. L.}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds43723} } @misc{fds140351, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Kingstone, A.}, Title = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition}, Series = {Second Edition}, Publisher = {MIT Press}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds140351} } @misc{fds52655, Title = {Dennis, N.A. & Cabeza, R. (in press). Neuroimaging of healthy cognitive aging. In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, editors. Handbook of Aging and Cognition - Third Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52655} } @misc{fds52656, Title = {Daselaar, S.M., Dennis, N., Cabeza, R. (in press). Age-related changes in the neural substrates of episodic and working memory: Functional neuroimaging evidence. In S. Rombouts, F. Barkhof, & P. Scheltens (Eds.). Clinical Applications of Functional Brain MRI, Oxford University Press.}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52656} } @misc{fds52657, Title = {Nyberg, L., & Cabeza, R. (in press). Similarities in brain activity during working memory, semantic memory, and episodic memory: Implications for theories of memory. In S. Algarabel, A. Pitarque, T. Bajo, S. E. Gathercole, & M. A. Conway (Eds.), Theories of Memory Volume 3 : Psychology Press}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds52657} } @misc{fds43722, Author = {Nyberg, L. and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Similarities in brain activity during working memory, semantic memory, and episodic memory: Implications for theories of memory}, Booktitle = {Theories of Memory Volume 3}, Publisher = {Psychology Press}, Editor = {S. Algarabel and A. Pitarque and T. Bajo and S. E. Gathercole and M. A. Conway}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds43722} } @misc{fds43702, Author = {Daselaar, S. and Dennis, N. and Cabeza, R}, Title = {Age-related changes in the neural substrates of episodic and working memory: Functional neuroimaging evidence}, Booktitle = {Clinical Applications of Functional Brain MRI}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {S. Rombouts and F. Barkof and P. Scheltens}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds43702} } @misc{fds26842, Author = {Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Neuroscience frontiers in cognitive aging}, Pages = {179-196}, Booktitle = {New Frontiers in Cognitive Aging}, Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press}, Editor = {R.A. Dixon and L.-G. Nilsson}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds26842} } @misc{fds26183, Author = {R.E. Cabeza}, Title = {Functional Neuroimaging of Cognitive Aging}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition}, Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: MIT Press}, Editor = {Cabeza, R. and Kingstone, A.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds26183} } @misc{fds26184, Author = {Nyberg, L. and Cabeza, R.}, Title = {Brain Imaging of Memory}, Pages = {501-519}, Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Memory}, Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press}, Editor = {E. Tulving and F.I.M. Craik}, Year = {2000}, Key = {fds26184} } @misc{fds26186, Author = {R.E. Cabeza}, Title = {Functional Neuroimaging of Episodic Memory Retrieval}, Pages = {76-90}, Booktitle = {Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference}, Publisher = {Philadelphia: Psychology Press}, Editor = {E. Tulving}, Year = {1999}, Key = {fds26186} } %% Commentaries/Book Reviews @article{fds26829, Author = {R.E. Cabeza}, Title = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory by Milsson L.G., Markowitsch HJ}, Journal = {Contemporary Psychology-APA Review of Books}, Volume = {46}, Pages = {462-464}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds26829} } %% Edited Volumes @misc{fds141444, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Kingstone, A.}, Title = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition—Second Edition}, Publisher = {MIT Press}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds141444} } @book{fds141445, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Nyberg, L. and Park, D. C.}, Title = {Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging.}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press.}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds141445} } @misc{fds26899, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Nyberg, L.}, Title = {Special Issue on Functional Neuroimaging of Memory}, Journal = {Neuropsychologia}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds26899} } @misc{fds141446, Author = {Cabeza, R. and Kingstone, A.}, Title = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition}, Publisher = {MIT Press}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds141446} } %% Other @misc{fds26892, Author = {Institute for Scientific Information}, Title = {Fast breaking comments: Questions regarding the impact of Cabeza}, Year = {2002}, Abstract = {http://esi-topics.com/fbp/comments/june03- RobertoCabeza.html}, Key = {fds26892} } @misc{fds26893, Author = {Nagourney, E}, Title = {Aging: Brain boosts, from the other side}, Journal = {New York Times}, Pages = {D7}, Year = {2002}, Abstract = {http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/19/health/agin g/19AGIN.html}, Key = {fds26893} } @misc{fds26894, Author = {Meredith, D.}, Title = {Study: Brains of elderly can compensate to remain sharp}, Journal = {Duke News Service}, Year = {2002}, Abstract = {http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/news/newsrelease .asp?id=962&catid=2&}, Key = {fds26894} } @misc{fds26895, Author = {Flores, G.}, Title = {Imaging forgetfulness}, Journal = {BioMedNet}, Year = {2002}, Abstract = {http://news.bmm.com/news/story? day=021028&story=1}, Key = {fds26895} } @misc{fds26896, Author = {Helmuth, L.}, Title = {A generation gap in brain activity}, Journal = {Science}, Volume = {296}, Pages = {2131-2133}, Year = {2002}, Abstract = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/29 6/5576/2131}, Key = {fds26896} } @misc{fds14959, Author = {R.E. Cabeza., and Kingstone, A.}, Title = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition.}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition.}, Publisher = {MIT Press}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds14959} } @misc{fds26897, Author = {Friedman, R.}, Title = {Grandmother calls in the reserves}, Journal = {BioMedNet}, Year = {2001}, Abstract = {http://news.bmn.com/conferences/list/view? fileyear=2001&fileacronyn=SFN&fileday=day4&pa gefile=story_4.html}, Key = {fds26897} } @misc{fds26898, Author = {Meredith, D.}, Title = {Research helps understand neural machinery of true and false memories}, Journal = {Duke News Service}, Year = {2001}, Abstract = {http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/research/cabeza. html}, Key = {fds26898} } | |
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