Psychology and Neuroscience
Arts & Sciences
Duke University
| |
Faculty Database Psychology and Neuroscience Arts & Sciences Duke University |
|
| HOME > Arts & Sciences > pn > Faculty | Search Help Login |
|
| Publications of Warren H. Meck :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds348067,
Author = {Lusk, NA and Petter, EA and Meck, WH},
Title = {A systematic exploration of temporal bisection models across
sub- and supra-second duration ranges},
Journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
Volume = {94},
Year = {2020},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2019.102311},
Abstract = {© 2019 Elsevier Inc. An integral component to the validity
of timing models is their ability to accurately fit
behavioral data from detection and discrimination tasks such
as the temporal bisection procedure. Two of the most
prominent timing models are the Sample Known Exactly (SKE),
based on scalar timing theory, and the pseudo-logistic model
(PLM). Recently, evidence accumulation models based on
drift–diffusionprocesses (DDM) have been utilized for
modeling temporal bisection data. Currently, there is no
standard by which timing behavioral data are fit, resulting
in the implementation of both theoretical and atheoretical
models, such as generalized logistic functions (L4P). As
differences in timing behavior have been shown across sub-
and supra-second durations, a comparative evaluation of
these 4 different types of models (SKE, PLM, L4P, and DDM)
was conducted to assess each model's ability to capture
these differences using timing data from the temporal
bisection procedure. Psychometric functions from rats,
trained on a bisection task using sub-sec (200 ms vs. 800
ms.) and supra-sec (2 s vs. 8 s) conditions, were fit with
each of the four models. Using Akaike Information Criterion
(AIC) we demonstrate that theoretical models vastly
outperformed the L4P across both duration ranges,
Furthermore, significant differences existed in key
parameters between L4P and PLM. Three DDM models were
analyzed with varying degrees of freedom, which showed that
allowing for non-decision time, drift rate, and starting
point to vary across signal durations outperform simpler
models (Δi≥ 10) that only allowed for variation in drift
rate or drift rate and starting point. These models
explained variance in both choice and reaction time data.
While we were unable to directly compare timing and temporal
decision models the results from both demonstrate the need
for a shift toward theoretically based models such as the
SKE, PLM, or DDM which provide greater parsimony as well as
provide for greater qualitative analysis and interpretation
of the data.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2019.102311},
Key = {fds348067}
}
@article{fds343719,
Author = {Dowd, JE and Thompson, RJ and Schiff, L and Haas, K and Hohmann, C and Roy,
C and Meck, W and Bruno, J and Reynolds, JA},
Title = {Student Learning Dispositions: Multidimensional Profiles
Highlight Important Differences among Undergraduate STEM
Honors Thesis Writers.},
Journal = {Cbe Life Sciences Education},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {ar28},
Year = {2019},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.18-07-0141},
Abstract = {Various personal dimensions of students-particularly
motivation, self-efficacy beliefs, and epistemic beliefs-can
change in response to teaching, affect student learning, and
be conceptualized as learning dispositions. We propose that
these learning dispositions serve as learning outcomes in
their own right; that patterns of interrelationships among
these specific learning dispositions are likely; and that
differing constellations (or learning disposition profiles)
may have meaningful implications for instructional
practices. In this observational study, we examine changes
in these learning dispositions in the context of six courses
at four institutions designed to scaffold undergraduate
thesis writing and promote students' scientific reasoning in
writing in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics. We explore the utility of cluster analysis for
generating meaningful learning disposition profiles and
building a more sophisticated understanding of students as
complex, multidimensional learners. For example, while
students' self-efficacy beliefs about writing and science
increased across capstone writing courses on average, there
was considerable variability at the level of individual
students. When responses on all of the personal dimensions
were analyzed jointly using cluster analysis, several
distinct and meaningful learning disposition profiles
emerged. We explore these profiles in this work and discuss
the implications of this framework for describing
developmental trajectories of students' scientific
identities.},
Doi = {10.1187/cbe.18-07-0141},
Key = {fds343719}
}
@article{fds338538,
Author = {Bareš, M and Apps, R and Avanzino, L and Breska, A and D'Angelo, E and Filip, P and Gerwig, M and Ivry, RB and Lawrenson, CL and Louis, ED and Lusk, NA and Manto, M and Meck, WH and Mitoma, H and Petter,
EA},
Title = {Consensus paper: Decoding the Contributions of the
Cerebellum as a Time Machine. From Neurons to Clinical
Applications.},
Journal = {Cerebellum (London, England)},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {266-286},
Year = {2019},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12311-018-0979-5},
Abstract = {Time perception is an essential element of conscious and
subconscious experience, coordinating our perception and
interaction with the surrounding environment. In recent
years, major technological advances in the field of
neuroscience have helped foster new insights into the
processing of temporal information, including extending our
knowledge of the role of the cerebellum as one of the key
nodes in the brain for this function. This consensus paper
provides a state-of-the-art picture from the experts in the
field of the cerebellar research on a variety of crucial
issues related to temporal processing, drawing on recent
anatomical, neurophysiological, behavioral, and clinical
research.The cerebellar granular layer appears especially
well-suited for timing operations required to confer
millisecond precision for cerebellar computations. This may
be most evident in the manner the cerebellum controls the
duration of the timing of agonist-antagonist EMG bursts
associated with fast goal-directed voluntary movements. In
concert with adaptive processes, interactions within the
cerebellar cortex are sufficient to support sub-second
timing. However, supra-second timing seems to require
cortical and basal ganglia networks, perhaps operating in
concert with cerebellum. Additionally, sensory information
such as an unexpected stimulus can be forwarded to the
cerebellum via the climbing fiber system, providing a
temporally constrained mechanism to adjust ongoing behavior
and modify future processing. Patients with cerebellar
disorders exhibit impairments on a range of tasks that
require precise timing, and recent evidence suggest that
timing problems observed in other neurological conditions
such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia
may reflect disrupted interactions between the basal ganglia
and cerebellum.The complex concepts emerging from this
consensus paper should provide a foundation for further
discussion, helping identify basic research questions
required to understand how the brain represents and utilizes
time, as well as delineating ways in which this knowledge
can help improve the lives of those with neurological
conditions that disrupt this most elemental sense. The panel
of experts agrees that timing control in the brain is a
complex concept in whom cerebellar circuitry is deeply
involved. The concept of a timing machine has now expanded
to clinical disorders.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12311-018-0979-5},
Key = {fds338538}
}
@article{fds338052,
Author = {Petter, EA and Gershman, SJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Integrating Models of Interval Timing and Reinforcement
Learning.},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {22},
Number = {10},
Pages = {911-922},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.004},
Abstract = {We present an integrated view of interval timing and
reinforcement learning (RL) in the brain. The computational
goal of RL is to maximize future rewards, and this depends
crucially on a representation of time. Different RL systems
in the brain process time in distinct ways. A model-based
system learns 'what happens when', employing this internal
model to generate action plans, while a model-free system
learns to predict reward directly from a set of temporal
basis functions. We describe how these systems are subserved
by a computational division of labor between several brain
regions, with a focus on the basal ganglia and the
hippocampus, as well as how these regions are influenced by
the neuromodulator dopamine.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.004},
Key = {fds338052}
}
@article{fds335700,
Author = {Gu, B-M and Kukreja, K and Meck, WH},
Title = {Oscillation patterns of local field potentials in the dorsal
striatum and sensorimotor cortex during the encoding,
maintenance, and decision stages for the ordinal comparison
of sub- and supra-second signal durations.},
Journal = {Neurobiology of Learning and Memory},
Volume = {153},
Number = {Pt A},
Pages = {79-91},
Year = {2018},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2018.05.003},
Abstract = {Ordinal comparison of successively presented signal
durations requires (a) the encoding of the first signal
duration (standard), (b) maintenance of temporal information
specific to the standard duration in memory, and (c) timing
of the second signal duration (comparison) during which a
comparison is made of the first and second durations. Rats
were first trained to make ordinal comparisons of signal
durations within three time ranges using 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0-s
standard durations. Local field potentials were then
recorded from the dorsal striatum and sensorimotor cortex in
order to investigate the pattern of neural oscillations
during each phase of the ordinal-comparison process.
Increased power in delta and theta frequency ranges was
observed during both the encoding and comparison stages.
Active maintenance of a selected response, "shorter" or
"longer" (counter-balanced across left and right levers),
was represented by an increase of theta and delta
oscillations in the contralateral striatum and cortex. Taken
together, these data suggest that neural oscillations in the
delta-theta range play an important role in the encoding,
maintenance, and comparison of signal durations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nlm.2018.05.003},
Key = {fds335700}
}
@article{fds330542,
Author = {Toda, K and Lusk, NA and Watson, GDR and Kim, N and Lu, D and Li, HE and Meck,
WH and Yin, HH},
Title = {Nigrotectal Stimulation Stops Interval Timing in
Mice.},
Journal = {Current Biology : Cb},
Volume = {27},
Number = {24},
Pages = {3763-3770.e3},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.003},
Abstract = {Considerable evidence implicates the basal ganglia in
interval timing, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly
understood. Using a novel behavioral task, we demonstrate
that head-fixed mice can be trained to show the key features
of timing behavior within a few sessions. Single-trial
analysis of licking behavior reveals stepping dynamics with
variable onset times, which is responsible for the canonical
Gaussian distribution of timing behavior. Moreover, the
duration of licking bouts decreased as mice became sated,
showing a strong motivational modulation of licking bout
initiation and termination. Using optogenetics, we examined
the role of the basal ganglia output in interval timing. We
stimulated a pathway important for licking behavior, the
GABAergic output projections from the substantia nigra pars
reticulata to the deep layers of the superior colliculus. We
found that stimulation of this pathway not only cancelled
licking but also delayed the initiation of anticipatory
licking for the next interval in a frequency-dependent
manner. By combining quantitative behavioral analysis with
optogenetics in the head-fixed setup, we established a new
approach for studying the neural basis of interval
timing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.003},
Key = {fds330542}
}
@article{fds329170,
Author = {Teki, S and Gu, B-M and Meck, WH},
Title = {The Persistence of Memory: How the Brain Encodes Time in
Memory.},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
Volume = {17},
Pages = {178-185},
Year = {2017},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.003},
Abstract = {Time and memory are inextricably linked, but it is far from
clear how event durations and temporal sequences are encoded
in memory. In this review, we focus on resource allocation
models of working memory which suggest that memory resources
can be flexibly distributed amongst several items such that
the precision of working memory decreases with the number of
items to be encoded. This type of model is consistent with
human performance in working memory tasks based on visual,
auditory as well as temporal stimulus patterns. At the
neural-network level, we focus on excitatory-inhibitory
oscillatary processes that are able to encode both interval
timing and working memory in a coupled excitatory-inhibitory
network. This modification of the striatal beat-frequency
model of interval timing shows how memories for multiple
time intervals are represented by neural oscillations and
can also be used to explain the mechanisms of resource
allocation in working memory.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.003},
Key = {fds329170}
}
@article{fds322503,
Author = {Petter, EA and Lusk, NA and Hesslow, G and Meck, WH},
Title = {Interactive roles of the cerebellum and striatum in
sub-second and supra-second timing: Support for an
initiation, continuation, adjustment, and termination (ICAT)
model of temporal processing.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {71},
Pages = {739-755},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.015},
Abstract = {The contributions of cortico-cerebellar and cortico-striatal
circuits to timing and time perception have often been a
point of contention. In this review we propose that the
cerebellum principally functions to reduce variability,
through the detection of stimulus onsets and the
sub-division of longer durations, thus contributing to both
sub-second and supra-second timing. This sensitivity of the
cerebellum to stimulus dynamics and subsequent integration
with motor control allows it to accurately measure intervals
within a range of 100-2000ms. For intervals in the
supra-second range (e.g., >2000ms), we propose that
cerebellar output signals from the dentate nucleus pass
through thalamic connections to the striatum, where
cortico-thalamic-striatal circuits supporting higher-level
cognitive functions take over. Moreover, the importance of
intrinsic circuit dynamics as well as behavioral,
neuroimaging, and lesion studies of the cerebellum and
striatum are discussed in terms of a framework positing
initiation, continuation, adjustment, and termination phases
of temporal processing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.015},
Key = {fds322503}
}
@article{fds322505,
Author = {Schirmer, A and Meck, WH and Penney, TB},
Title = {The Socio-Temporal Brain: Connecting People in
Time.},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {20},
Number = {10},
Pages = {760-772},
Year = {2016},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.002},
Abstract = {Temporal and social processing are intricately linked. The
temporal extent and organization of interactional behaviors
both within and between individuals critically determine
interaction success. Conversely, social signals and social
context influence time perception by, for example, altering
subjective duration and making an event seem 'out of sync'.
An 'internal clock' involving subcortically orchestrated
cortical oscillations that represent temporal information,
such as duration and rhythm, as well as insular projections
linking temporal information with internal and external
experiences is proposed as the core of these reciprocal
interactions. The timing of social relative to non-social
stimuli augments right insular activity and recruits right
superior temporal cortex. Together, these reciprocal
pathways may enable the exchange and respective modulation
of temporal and social computations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.002},
Key = {fds322505}
}
@article{fds330543,
Author = {Matthews, WJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to
perception, attention, and memory.},
Journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
Volume = {142},
Number = {8},
Pages = {865-907},
Year = {2016},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000045},
Abstract = {Time is a universal psychological dimension, but time
perception has often been studied and discussed in relative
isolation. Increasingly, researchers are searching for
unifying principles and integrated models that link time
perception to other domains. In this review, we survey the
links between temporal cognition and other psychological
processes. Specifically, we describe how subjective duration
is affected by nontemporal stimulus properties (perception),
the allocation of processing resources (attention), and past
experience with the stimulus (memory). We show that many of
these connections instantiate a "processing principle,"
according to which perceived time is positively related to
perceptual vividity and the ease of extracting information
from the stimulus. This empirical generalization generates
testable predictions and provides a starting-point for
integrated theoretical frameworks. By outlining some of the
links between temporal cognition and other domains, and by
providing a unifying principle for understanding these
effects, we hope to encourage time-perception researchers to
situate their work within broader theoretical frameworks,
and that researchers from other fields will be inspired to
apply their insights, techniques, and theorizing to improve
our understanding of the representation and judgment of
time. (PsycINFO Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/bul0000045},
Key = {fds330543}
}
@article{fds322021,
Author = {Lake, JI and LaBar, KS and Meck, WH},
Title = {Emotional modulation of interval timing and time
perception.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {64},
Pages = {403-420},
Year = {2016},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.003},
Abstract = {Like other senses, our perception of time is not veridical,
but rather, is modulated by changes in environmental
context. Anecdotal experiences suggest that emotions can be
powerful modulators of time perception; nevertheless, the
functional and neural mechanisms underlying emotion-induced
temporal distortions remain unclear. Widely accepted
pacemaker-accumulator models of time perception suggest that
changes in arousal and attention have unique influences on
temporal judgments and contribute to emotional distortions
of time perception. However, such models conflict with
current views of arousal and attention suggesting that
current models of time perception do not adequately explain
the variability in emotion-induced temporal distortions.
Instead, findings provide support for a new perspective of
emotion-induced temporal distortions that emphasizes both
the unique and interactive influences of arousal and
attention on time perception over time. Using this
framework, we discuss plausible functional and neural
mechanisms of emotion-induced temporal distortions and how
these temporal distortions may have important implications
for our understanding of how emotions modulate our
perceptual experiences in service of adaptive responding to
biologically relevant stimuli.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.003},
Key = {fds322021}
}
@article{fds322506,
Author = {Yin, B and Terhune, DB and Smythies, J and Meck, WH},
Title = {Claustrum, consciousness, and time perception},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {258-267},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.032},
Abstract = {© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. The claustrum has been proposed as a
possible neural candidate for the coordination of conscious
experience due to its extensive 'connectome'. Herein we
propose that the claustrum contributes to consciousness by
supporting the temporal integration of cortical oscillations
in response to multisensory input. A close link between
conscious awareness and interval timing is suggested by
models of consciousness and conjunctive changes in
meta-awareness and timing in multiple contexts and
conditions. Using the striatal beat-frequency model of
interval timing as a framework, we propose that the
claustrum integrates varying frequencies of neural
oscillations in different sensory cortices into a coherent
pattern that binds different and overlapping temporal
percepts into a unitary conscious representation. The
proposed coordination of the striatum and claustrum allows
for time-based dimensions of multisensory integration and
decision-making to be incorporated into consciousness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.032},
Key = {fds322506}
}
@article{fds322507,
Author = {Lusk, NA and Petter, EA and MacDonald, CJ and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Cerebellar, hippocampal, and striatal time
cells},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {186-192},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.020},
Abstract = {© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. The ability to decipher where one
needs to be and when it is most beneficial to be there are
fundamental to the success of an organism. Humans along with
other animals are able to extract duration and temporal
order from external as well as internal stimuli, though
lacking a dedicated sensory organ for time. A plethora of
studies have focused on dorsal striatal and cerebellar
networks as primary timing circuits with medium spiny
neurons and Purkinje cells acting as the core temporal
integrators within these circuits, respectively. However,
recent findings have also made a strong case for the
inclusion of the hippocampus with the discovery of
hippocampal 'time cells'. The denoted cells are pyramidal
cells within the hippocampal CA1 area that exhibit increased
firing rates in relation to elapsing durations, independent
of the space and distance traveled. Previous behavioral work
had implicated the role of the hippocampus in temporal
processing, but only as of late has this work been
substantiated with direct electrophysiological evidence. We
describe the most recent evidence supporting the
identification of 'time cells' in the subcortical structures
of the striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum and indicate
how these different timing systems might be integrated into
a common percept for time.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.020},
Key = {fds322507}
}
@article{fds322508,
Author = {Meck, WH and Ivry, RB},
Title = {Editorial overview: Time in perception and
action},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {6-10},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.001},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.001},
Key = {fds322508}
}
@article{fds322509,
Author = {Yin, B and Terhune, DB and Smythies, J and Meck, WH},
Title = {Corrigendum to "Claustrum, consciousness, and time
perception" [Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 8 (2016) 258-267] DOI:
10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.032},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {290},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.007},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.007},
Key = {fds322509}
}
@article{fds329984,
Author = {Lake, JI and Meck, WH and LaBar, KS},
Title = {Discriminative Fear Learners are Resilient to Temporal
Distortions during Threat Anticipation.},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-78},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002063},
Abstract = {Discriminative fear conditioning requires learning to
dissociate between safety cues and cues that predict
negative outcomes yet little is known about what processes
contribute to discriminative fear learning. According to
attentional models of time perception, processes that
distract from timing result in temporal underestimation. If
discriminative fear learning only requires learning what
cues predict what outcomes, and threatening stimuli distract
attention from timing, then better discriminative fear
learning should predict greater temporal distortion on
threat trials. Alternatively, if discriminative fear
learning also reflects a more accurate perceptual experience
of time in threatening contexts, discriminative fear
learning scores would predict less temporal distortion on
threat trials, as time is perceived more veridically.
Healthy young adults completed discriminative fear
conditioning in which they learned to associate one stimulus
(CS+) with aversive electrical stimulation and another
stimulus (CS-) with non-aversive tactile stimulation and
then an ordinal comparison timing task during which CSs were
presented as task-irrelevant distractors Consistent with
predictions, we found an overall temporal underestimation
bias on CS+ relative to CS- trials. Differential skin
conductance responses to the CS+ versus the CS- during
conditioning served as a physiological index of
discriminative fear conditioning and this measure predicted
the magnitude of the underestimation bias, such that
individuals exhibiting greater discriminative fear
conditioning showed less underestimation on CS+ versus CS-
trials. These results are discussed with respect to the
nature of discriminative fear learning and the relationship
between temporal distortions and maladaptive threat
processing in anxiety.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002063},
Key = {fds329984}
}
@article{fds322512,
Author = {Gu, BM and Jurkowski, AJ and Shi, Z and Meck, WH},
Title = {Bayesian Optimization of Interval Timing and Biases in
Temporal Memory as a Function of Temporal Context, Feedback,
and Dopamine Levels in Young, Aged and Parkinson's Disease
Patients},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {315-342},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002072},
Abstract = {© 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Interval timing behavior and its sensitivity to both
temporal context and changes in dopamine (DA) levels has
recently received considerable attention. Nevertheless, the
exact manner in which those interactions occur is far from
clear. We examined temporal reproduction with feedback in
the supra-seconds range as a function of DA levels using two
well-studied timing procedures. Healthy young and aged
participants were studied as well as Parkinson's disease
(PD) patients tested ON and OFF their dopaminergic
medication. The findings confirm the hypothesis that the
'migration effect' (e.g., 'short' durations are
over-produced and 'long' durations are under-produced) in PD
patients and the closely related Vierordt's effect are
largely influenced by the effective level of DA and in the
case of the 'migration effect' by the probability of
feedback as well. Using a Bayesian model seeking optimal
timing under conditions of uncertainty, we were able to
accurately simulate the distorted patterns of temporal
reproduction in all groups of participants. As DA levels
decrease across groups, optimal timing behavior shifts
towards a greater reliance on a statistical representation
of all of the durations reproduced within a specific
temporal context rather than on the representation of a
single duration being timed on any one trial. This analysis
demonstrates the utility of Bayesian models of interval
timing and highlights the importance of DA levels on clock
speed and the associated uncertainty that contributes to
temporal distortions.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002072},
Key = {fds322512}
}
@article{fds322513,
Author = {Turgeon, M and Lustig, C and Meck, WH},
Title = {Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian
Optimization and Degeneracy.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {102},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00102},
Abstract = {This review outlines the basic psychological and
neurobiological processes associated with age-related
distortions in timing and time perception in the hundredths
of milliseconds-to-minutes range. The difficulty in
separating indirect effects of impairments in attention and
memory from direct effects on timing mechanisms is
addressed. The main premise is that normal aging is commonly
associated with increased noise and temporal uncertainty as
a result of impairments in attention and memory as well as
the possible reduction in the accuracy and precision of a
central timing mechanism supported by dopamine-glutamate
interactions in cortico-striatal circuits. Pertinent to
these findings, potential interventions that may reduce the
likelihood of observing age-related declines in timing are
discussed. Bayesian optimization models are able to account
for the adaptive changes observed in time perception by
assuming that older adults are more likely to base their
temporal judgments on statistical inferences derived from
multiple trials than on a single trial's clock reading,
which is more susceptible to distortion. We propose that the
timing functions assigned to the age-sensitive
fronto-striatal network can be subserved by other neural
networks typically associated with finely-tuned
perceptuo-motor adjustments, through degeneracy principles
(different structures serving a common function).},
Doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2016.00102},
Key = {fds322513}
}
@article{fds322504,
Author = {Allman, MJ and Penney, TB and Meck, WH},
Title = {A brief history of "The Psychology of Time
Perception"},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {299-314},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002071},
Abstract = {© 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Basic mechanisms of interval timing and associative learning
are shared by many animal species, and develop quickly in
early life, particularly across infancy, and childhood.
Indeed, John Wearden in his book "The Psychology of Time
Perception", which is based on decades of his own research
with colleagues, and which our commentary serves to
primarily review, has been instrumental in implementing
animal models and methods in children and adults, and has
revealed important similarities (and differences) between
human timing (and that of animals) when considered within
the context of scalar timing theory. These seminal studies
provide a firm foundation upon which the contemporary
multifaceted field of timing and time perception has since
advanced. The contents of the book are arguably one piece of
a larger puzzle, and as Wearden cautions, "The reader is
warned that my own contribution to the field has been
exaggerated here, but if you are not interested in your own
work, why would anyone else be?" Surely there will be many
interested readers, however the book is noticeably lacking
in it neurobiological perspective. The mind (however it is
conceived) needs a brain (even if behaviorists tend to say
"the brain behaves", and most neuroscientists currently have
a tenuous grasp on the neural mechanisms of temporal
cognition), and to truly understand the psychology of time,
brain and behavior must go hand in hand regardless of the
twists, turns, and detours along the way.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002071},
Key = {fds322504}
}
@article{fds322510,
Author = {Cheng, RK and Tipples, J and Narayanan, NS and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Clock Speed as a Window into Dopaminergic Control of Emotion
and Time Perception},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-122},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002064},
Abstract = {© 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Although fear-producing treatments (e.g., electric shock)
and pleasure-inducing treatments (e.g., methamphetamine)
have different emotional valences, they both produce
physiological arousal and lead to effects on timing and time
perception that have been interpreted as reflecting an
increase in speed of an internal clock. In this commentary,
we review the results reported by Fayolle et al. (2015):
Behav. Process., 120, 135-140) and Meck (1983: J. Exp.
Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process., 9, 171-201) using electric
shock and by Maricq et al. (1981: J. Exp. Psychol. Anim.
Behav. Process., 7, 18-30) using methamphetamine in a
duration-bisection procedure across multiple duration
ranges. The psychometric functions obtained from this
procedure relate the proportion 'long' responses to signal
durations spaced between a pair of 'short' and 'long' anchor
durations. Horizontal shifts in these functions can be
described in terms of attention or arousal processes
depending upon whether they are a fixed number of seconds
independent of the timed durations (additive) or
proportional to the durations being timed (multiplicative).
Multiplicative effects are thought to result from a change
in clock speed that is regulated by dopamine activity in the
medial prefrontal cortex. These dopaminergic effects are
discussed within the context of the striatal beat frequency
model of interval timing (Matell & Meck, 2004: Cogn. Brain
Res., 21, 139-170) and clinical implications for the effects
of emotional reactivity on temporal cognition (Parker et
al., 2013: Front. Integr. Neurosci., 7, 75).},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002064},
Key = {fds322510}
}
@article{fds322511,
Author = {Yin, B and Thönes, S and Cheng, RK and Wang, N and Covington, HE and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Continuous Social Defeat Induces Depression-Like Symptoms
Including Anhedonia and Slowed Time Perception that are
Rapidly Reversed by Ketamine},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {371-397},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002077},
Abstract = {© 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to social defeat and
subordination by aggressive male Long-Evans rats. The social
defeat procedure involved the continuous exposure to an
aggressive resident for 10 days, while living in a
protective cage within the resident's home cage with daily
brief confrontations. These stress experiences resulted in
1) reduced body weight; 2) decreased social interaction; 3)
increased ultrasonic vocalizations; 4) reduced sucrose
preference (anhedonia); and 5) decreased clock speed while
timing 15-s and 45-s target durations in a bi-peak
procedure. Treatment with ketamine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) produced
a rapid reversal of anhedonia and overproduction of
duration. Taken together, these data provide the first
evaluation of the effects of continuous social defeat and
its associated depression-like symptoms on timing and time
perception using a 'state change' design.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002077},
Key = {fds322511}
}
@article{fds252862,
Author = {Gu, B-M and van Rijn, H and Meck, WH},
Title = {Oscillatory multiplexing of neural population codes for
interval timing and working memory.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {160-185},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0149-7634},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.008},
Abstract = {Interval timing and working memory are critical components
of cognition that are supported by neural oscillations in
prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuits. In this review,
the properties of interval timing and working memory are
explored in terms of behavioral, anatomical,
pharmacological, and neurophysiological findings. We then
describe the various neurobiological theories that have been
developed to explain these cognitive processes - largely
independent of each other. Following this, a coupled
excitatory - inhibitory oscillation (EIO) model of temporal
processing is proposed to address the shared oscillatory
properties of interval timing and working memory. Using this
integrative approach, we describe a hybrid model explaining
how interval timing and working memory can originate from
the same oscillatory processes, but differ in terms of which
dimension of the neural oscillation is utilized for the
extraction of item, temporal order, and duration
information. This extension of the striatal beat-frequency
(SBF) model of interval timing (Matell and Meck, 2000, 2004)
is based on prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuit dynamics
and has direct relevance to the pathophysiological
distortions observed in time perception and working memory
in a variety of psychiatric and neurological
conditions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.008},
Key = {fds252862}
}
@article{fds322514,
Author = {Dallal, NL and Yin, B and Nekovářová, T and Stuchlík, A and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Impact of vestibular lesions on allocentric navigation and
interval timing: The role of self-initiated motion in
spatial-temporal integration},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {269-305},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-03002053},
Abstract = {© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2015. Bilateral
intratympanic sodium arsenate injections (100 mg/ml in
isotonic saline) in adult male Long Evans rats produced
impairments in allocentric navigation using a 12-arm radial
maze procedure as well as a motor test battery designed to
evaluate vestibular function. In contrast, no impairments in
the accuracy or precision of duration reproduction using
20-s and 80-s peak-interval procedures were observed when
both target durations were associated with the same lever
response, but distinguished by signal modality (e.g., light
or sound). In contrast, an ordinal-reproduction procedure
with 800, 3200, and 12,800 ms standards requiring the timing
of self-initiated movements during the production phase
revealed large impairments in the accuracy and precision of
timing for vestibular lesioned rats. These impairments were
greater on trials in which self-initiated body movements
(e.g., holding down the response lever for a fixed duration)
were required without the support of external stimuli
signaling the onset and offset of the reproduced duration in
contrast to trials in which such external support was
provided. The conclusion is that space and time are
separable entities and not simply the product of a
generalized system, but they can be integrated into a common
metric using gravity and self-initiated movement as a
reference.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-03002053},
Key = {fds322514}
}
@article{fds322515,
Author = {Bartholomew, AJ and Meck, WH and Cirulli, ET},
Title = {Analysis of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing
Timing and Time Perception.},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {10},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0143873},
Year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143873},
Abstract = {Performance on different psychophysical tasks measuring the
sense of time indicates a large amount of individual
variation in the accuracy and precision of timing in the
hundredths of milliseconds-to-minutes range. Quantifying
factors with an influence on timing is essential to
isolating a biological (genetic) contribution to the
perception and estimation of time. In the largest timing
study to date, 647 participants completed a
duration-discrimination task in the sub-second range and a
time-production task in the supra-second range. We confirm
the stability of a participant's time sense across multiple
sessions and substantiate a modest sex difference on time
production. Moreover, we demonstrate a strong correlation
between performance on a standardized cognitive battery and
performance in both duration-discrimination and
time-production tasks; we further show that performance is
uncorrelated with age after controlling for general
intelligence. Additionally, we find an effect of ethnicity
on time sense, with African Americans and possibly Hispanics
in our cohort differing in accuracy and precision from other
ethnic groups. Finally, a preliminary genome-wide
association and exome chip study was performed on 148 of the
participants, ruling out the possibility for a single common
variant or groups of low-frequency coding variants within a
single gene to explain more than ~18% of the variation in
the sense of time.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0143873},
Key = {fds322515}
}
@article{fds252866,
Author = {Matthews, WJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Time perception: the bad news and the good.},
Journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive
Science},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {429-446},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1939-5078},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1298},
Abstract = {Time perception is fundamental and heavily researched, but
the field faces a number of obstacles to theoretical
progress. In this advanced review, we focus on three pieces
of 'bad news' for time perception research: temporal
perception is highly labile across changes in experimental
context and task; there are pronounced individual
differences not just in overall performance but in the use
of different timing strategies and the effect of key
variables; and laboratory studies typically bear little
relation to timing in the 'real world'. We describe recent
examples of these issues and in each case offer some 'good
news' by showing how new research is addressing these
challenges to provide rich insights into the neural and
information-processing bases of timing and time perception.
WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:429-446. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1298 This
article is categorized under: Psychology > Perception and
Psychophysics Neuroscience > Cognition.},
Doi = {10.1002/wcs.1298},
Key = {fds252866}
}
@article{fds252868,
Author = {Lake, JI and LaBar, KS and Meck, WH},
Title = {Hear it playing low and slow: how pitch level differentially
influences time perception.},
Journal = {Acta Psychologica},
Volume = {149},
Pages = {169-177},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0001-6918},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.03.010},
Abstract = {Variations in both pitch and time are important in conveying
meaning through speech and music, however, research is scant
on perceptual interactions between these two domains. Using
an ordinal comparison procedure, we explored how different
pitch levels of flanker tones influenced the perceived
duration of empty interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
Participants heard monotonic, isochronous tone sequences
(ISIs of 300, 600, or 1200 ms) composed of either one or
five standard ISIs flanked by 500 Hz tones, followed by a
final interval (FI) flanked by tones of either the same (500
Hz), higher (625 Hz), or lower (400 Hz) pitch. The FI varied
in duration around the standard ISI duration. Participants
were asked to determine if the FI was longer or shorter in
duration than the preceding intervals. We found that an
increase in FI flanker tone pitch level led to the
underestimation of FI durations while a decrease in FI
flanker tone pitch led to the overestimation of FI
durations. The magnitude of these pitch-level effects
decreased as the duration of the standard interval was
increased, suggesting that the effect was driven by
differences in mode-switch latencies to start/stop timing.
Temporal context (One vs. Five Standard ISIs) did not have a
consistent effect on performance. We propose that the
interaction between pitch and time may have important
consequences in understanding the ways in which meaning and
emotion are communicated.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.03.010},
Key = {fds252868}
}
@article{fds252880,
Author = {Cordes, S and Meck, WH},
Title = {Ordinal judgments in the rat: an understanding of longer and
shorter for suprasecond, but not subsecond,
durations.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. General},
Volume = {143},
Number = {2},
Pages = {710-720},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23544654},
Abstract = {An emerging corpus of clinical and neuroimaging data
suggests that subsecond and suprasecond durations are
represented via 2 distinct mechanisms in humans; however,
surprisingly, behavioral data to this effect are lacking. In
our first experiment, we perform the first systematic
exploration of subsecond and suprasecond timing within the
same session in nonhuman subjects. Rats were trained to
judge the relative duration of 2 sequential stimuli,
responding on one lever if the first stimulus was longer or
on a second lever if the converse was true. Our data provide
strong evidence of an abstract understanding of longer and
shorter for durations in the suprasecond range, whereas
responding was at chance levels for durations in the
subsecond range. Data from a second experiment reveal that
this pattern is not due to an inability to time subsecond
signals, as rats respond systematically in subsecond and
suprasecond bisection tasks. Together, our results provide
the first clear behavioral evidence of a discontinuity in
the mental time line. These data from rats are discussed in
light of similar findings of a discontinuity in the mental
number line in human infants.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0032439},
Key = {fds252880}
}
@article{fds252871,
Author = {Tucci, V and Buhusi, CV and Gallistel, R and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Towards an integrated understanding of the biology of
timing.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {369},
Number = {1637},
Pages = {20120470},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0470},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0470},
Key = {fds252871}
}
@article{fds287925,
Author = {Yin, B and Meck, WH},
Title = {Comparison of interval timing behaviour in mice following
dorsal or ventral hippocampal lesions with mice having
δ-opioid receptor gene deletion.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {369},
Number = {1637},
Pages = {20120466},
Year = {2014},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0962-8436},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0466},
Abstract = {Mice with cytotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus (DH)
underestimated 15 s and 45 s target durations in a bi-peak
procedure as evidenced by proportional leftward shifts of
the peak functions that emerged during training as a result
of decreases in both 'start' and 'stop' times. In contrast,
mice with lesions of the ventral hippocampus (VH) displayed
rightward shifts that were immediately present and were
largely limited to increases in the 'stop' time for the 45 s
target duration. Moreover, the effects of the DH lesions
were congruent with the scalar property of interval timing
in that the 15 s and 45 s functions superimposed when
plotted on a relative timescale, whereas the effects of the
VH lesions violated the scalar property. Mice with DH
lesions also showed enhanced reversal learning in comparison
to control and VH lesioned mice. These results are compared
with the timing distortions observed in mice lacking
δ-opioid receptors (Oprd1(-/-)) which were similar to mice
with DH lesions. Taken together, these results suggest a
balance between hippocampal-striatal interactions for
interval timing and demonstrate possible functional
dissociations along the septotemporal axis of the
hippocampus in terms of motivation, timed response
thresholds and encoding in temporal memory.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0466},
Key = {fds287925}
}
@article{fds252863,
Author = {van Rijn, H and Gu, B-M and Meck, WH},
Title = {Dedicated clock/timing-circuit theories of time perception
and timed performance.},
Journal = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},
Volume = {829},
Pages = {75-99},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0065-2598},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1782-2_5},
Abstract = {Scalar Timing Theory (an information-processing version of
Scalar Expectancy Theory) and its evolution into the
neurobiologically plausible Striatal Beat-Frequency (SBF)
theory of interval timing are reviewed. These
pacemaker/accumulator or oscillation/coincidence detection
models are then integrated with the Adaptive Control of
Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture as dedicated
timing modules that are able to make use of the memory and
decision-making mechanisms contained in ACT-R. The different
predictions made by the incorporation of these timing
modules into ACT-R are discussed as well as the potential
limitations. Novel implementations of the original SBF model
that allow it to be incorporated into ACT-R in a more
fundamental fashion than the earlier simulations of Scalar
Timing Theory are also considered in conjunction with the
proposed properties and neural correlates of the "internal
clock".},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-1782-2_5},
Key = {fds252863}
}
@article{fds252876,
Author = {Heilbronner, SR and Meck, WH},
Title = {Dissociations between interval timing and intertemporal
choice following administration of fluoxetine, cocaine, or
methamphetamine.},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {101},
Pages = {123-134},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24135569},
Abstract = {The goal of our study was to characterize the relationship
between intertemporal choice and interval timing, including
determining how drugs that modulate brain serotonin and
dopamine levels influence these two processes. In Experiment
1, rats were tested on a standard 40-s peak-interval
procedure following administration of fluoxetine (3, 5, or 8
mg/kg) or vehicle to assess basic effects on interval
timing. In Experiment 2, rats were tested in a novel
behavioral paradigm intended to simultaneously examine
interval timing and impulsivity. Rats performed a variant of
the bi-peak procedure using 10-s and 40-s target durations
with an additional "defection" lever that provided the
possibility of a small, immediate reward. Timing functions
remained relatively intact, and 'patience' across subjects
correlated with peak times, indicating a negative
relationship between 'patience' and clock speed. We next
examined the effects of fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), cocaine (15
mg/kg), or methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) on task performance.
Fluoxetine reduced impulsivity as measured by defection time
without corresponding changes in clock speed. In contrast,
cocaine and methamphetamine both increased impulsivity and
clock speed. Thus, variations in timing may mediate
intertemporal choice via dopaminergic inputs. However, a
separate, serotonergic system can affect intertemporal
choice without affecting interval timing directly. This
article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Associative and
Temporal Learning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2013.09.013},
Key = {fds252876}
}
@article{fds252877,
Author = {Allman, MJ and Teki, S and Griffiths, TD and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Properties of the internal clock: first- and second-order
principles of subjective time.},
Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {743-771},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24050187},
Abstract = {Humans share with other animals an ability to measure the
passage of physical time and subjectively experience a sense
of time passing. Subjective time has hallmark qualities,
akin to other senses, which can be accounted for by formal,
psychological, and neurobiological models of the internal
clock. These include first-order principles, such as changes
in clock speed and how temporal memories are stored, and
second-order principles, including timescale invariance,
multisensory integration, rhythmical structure, and
attentional time-sharing. Within these principles there are
both typical individual differences--influences of
emotionality, thought speed, and psychoactive drugs--and
atypical differences in individuals affected with certain
clinical disorders (e.g., autism, Parkinson's disease, and
schizophrenia). This review summarizes recent behavioral and
neurobiological findings and provides a theoretical
framework for considering how changes in the properties of
the internal clock impact time perception and other
psychological domains.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115117},
Key = {fds252877}
}
@article{fds322516,
Author = {Aagten-Murphy, D and Iversen, JR and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Novel Inversions in Auditory Sequences Provide Evidence for
Spontaneous Subtraction of Time and Number},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {188-209},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002028},
Abstract = {© 2014 Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The
Netherlands. Animals, including fish, birds, rodents,
non-human primates, and pre-verbal infants are able to
discriminate the duration and number of events without the
use of language. In this paper, we present the results of
six experiments exploring the capability of adult rats to
count 2-6 sequentially presented white-noise stimuli. The
investigation focuses on the animal's ability to exhibit
spontaneous subtraction following the presentation of novel
stimulus inversions in the auditory signals being counted.
Results suggest that a subtraction operation between two
opposite sensory representations may be a general processing
strategy used for the comparison of stimulus magnitudes.
These findings are discussed within the context of a
mode-control model of timing and counting that relies on an
analog temporal-integration process for the addition and
subtraction of sequential events.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002028},
Key = {fds322516}
}
@article{fds322517,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Fortin, NJ and Sakata, S and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Retrospective and Prospective Views on the Role of the
Hippocampus in Interval Timing and Memory for Elapsed
Time},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-61},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002020},
Abstract = {© 2013 © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
The overlap of neural circuits involved in episodic memory,
relational learning, trace conditioning, and interval timing
suggests the importance of hippocampal-dependent processes.
Identifying the functional and neural mechanisms whereby the
hippocampus plays a role in timing and decision-making,
however, has been elusive. In this article we describe
recent neurobiological findings, including the discovery of
hippocampal 'time cells', dependency of duration
discriminations in the minutes range on hippocampal
function, and the correlation of hippocampal theta rhythm
with specific features of temporal processing. These results
provide novel insights into the ways in which the
hippocampus might interact with the striatum in order to
support both retrospective and prospective timing.
Suggestions are also provided for future research on the
role of the hippocampus in memory for elapsed
time.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002020},
Key = {fds322517}
}
@article{fds252873,
Author = {Shi, Z and Church, RM and Meck, WH},
Title = {Bayesian optimization of time perception.},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {17},
Number = {11},
Pages = {556-564},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2013},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24139486},
Abstract = {Precise timing is crucial to decision-making and behavioral
control, yet subjective time can be easily distorted by
various temporal contexts. Application of a Bayesian
framework to various forms of contextual calibration reveals
that, contrary to popular belief, contextual biases in
timing help to optimize overall performance under noisy
conditions. Here, we review recent progress in understanding
these forms of temporal calibration, and integrate a
Bayesian framework with information-processing models of
timing. We show that the essential components of a Bayesian
framework are closely related to the clock, memory, and
decision stages used by these models, and that such an
integrated framework offers a new perspective on distortions
in timing and time perception that are otherwise difficult
to explain.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.009},
Key = {fds252873}
}
@article{fds252874,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM and Olton, DS},
Title = {Hippocampus, time, and memory.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {127},
Number = {5},
Pages = {655-668},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24128355},
Abstract = {Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of
hippocampal damage on timing and the memory for temporal
events. In Experiments 1-3, rats were trained to
discriminate between auditory signals that differed in both
duration (2 or 8 s) and rate (2 or 16 cycles/s). Half of the
rats were trained to discriminate duration, and half were
trained to discriminate rate. After rats acquired the
relevant discrimination, signals with intermediate durations
and rates were presented to obtain psychophysical functions
that related signal duration and/or rate to response choice.
Rats then received either lesions of the fimbria-fornix or
control operations. Postoperatively, the accuracy of
duration and rate discriminations as measured by the
difference limen (DL) was unaffected by the lesion, but the
point of subjective equality (PSE) was shifted to a shorter
duration and a slower rate by the lesion in Experiment 1.
Both rats with lesions and rats with control operations
showed cross-modal transfer of duration and rate from the
auditory signals used in training to visual signals used in
testing in Experiment 2. A 5-s delay was imposed between the
end of a signal and the opportunity to respond in Experiment
3. The delay served as a retention interval for the rats
trained in the rate discrimination, and the rats with
fimbria-fornix lesions were selectively impaired by the
addition of the delay as measured by an increase in the DL.
The delay did not serve as a retention interval for rats
trained in the duration discrimination because they were
able to continue timing through the delay. A peak procedure
was employed in Experiment 4. The maximum response rate of
control rats was approximately at the time of scheduled
reinforcement (20 s), but the maximum response rate of rats
with fimbria-fornix lesions was reliably earlier than the
time of scheduled reinforcement. When a 5-s gap was imposed
in the signal, control rats summed the signal durations
before and after the gap, whereas rats with fimbria-fornix
lesions showed no retention of the signal duration prior to
the gap. Experiment 5 continued the testing of the rats used
in Experiments 1-4 and showed that rats with lesions had an
impairment in a test of spatial working memory in an
eight-arm radial maze. Taken together, these results
demonstrate that a fimbria-fornix lesion interferes with
temporal and spatial working memory, reduces the remembered
time of reinforcement stored in reference memory, and has no
effect on the animal's sensitivity to stimulus
duration.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0034188},
Key = {fds252874}
}
@article{fds252875,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM and Matell, MS},
Title = {Hippocampus, time, and memory--a retrospective
analysis.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {127},
Number = {5},
Pages = {642-654},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24128354},
Abstract = {In 1984, there was considerable evidence that the
hippocampus was important for spatial learning and some
evidence that it was also involved in duration
discrimination. The article "Hippocampus, Time, and Memory"
(Meck, Church, & Olton, 1984), however, was the first to
isolate the effects of hippocampal damage on specific stages
of temporal processing. In this review, to celebrate the
30th anniversary of Behavioral Neuroscience, we look back on
factors that contributed to the long-lasting influence of
this article. The major results were that a fimbria-fornix
lesion (a) interferes with the ability to retain information
in temporal working memory, and (b) distorts the content of
temporal reference memory, but (c) did not decrease
sensitivity to signal duration. This was the first lesion
experiment in which the results were interpreted by a
well-developed theory of behavior (scalar timing theory). It
has led to extensive research on the role of the hippocampus
in temporal processing by many investigators. The most
important ones are the development of computational models
with plausible neural mechanisms (such as the striatal
beat-frequency model of interval timing), the use of
multiple behavioral measures of timing, and empirical
research on the neural mechanisms of timing and temporal
memory using ensemble recording of neurons in
prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal circuits.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0034201},
Key = {fds252875}
}
@article{fds252878,
Author = {Agostino, PV and Cheng, R-K and Williams, CL and West, AE and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Acquisition of response thresholds for timed performance is
regulated by a calcium-responsive transcription factor,
CaRF.},
Journal = {Genes Brain Behav},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {633-644},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23848551},
Abstract = {Interval timing within the seconds-to-minutes range involves
the interaction of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
via dopaminergic-glutamatergic pathways. Because the
secreted protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is
able to modulate dopamine release as well as glutamatergic
activity, we hypothesized that BDNF may be important for
these timing mechanisms. Recently, the calcium-responsive
transcription factor (CaRF) was identified as an important
modulator of BDNF expression in the cerebral cortex. In this
study, a strain of Carf knockout mice was evaluated for
their ability to acquire the 'Start' and 'Stop' response
thresholds under sequential and simultaneous training
conditions, using multiple (15-second and 45-second) or
single (30-second) target durations in the peak-interval
procedure. Both Carf(+/-) and Carf(-/-) mice were impaired
in their ability to acquire timed response thresholds
relative to Carf(+/+) mice. Additionally, control mice given
microinjections of BDNF antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to
inhibit protein expression in the prefrontal cortex showed
timing impairments during acquisition similar to Carf mice.
Together, these results suggest that the inhibitory
processes required to update response thresholds and exert
temporal control of behavior during acquisition may be
dependent on CaRF regulation of genes including Bdnf in
cortico-striatal circuits.},
Doi = {10.1111/gbb.12059},
Key = {fds252878}
}
@article{fds252903,
Author = {Merchant, H and Harrington, DL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Neural basis of the perception and estimation of
time.},
Journal = {Annual Review of Neuroscience},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {313-336},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170349},
Abstract = {Understanding how sensory and motor processes are temporally
integrated to control behavior in the hundredths of
milliseconds-to-minutes range is a fascinating problem given
that the basic electrophysiological properties of neurons
operate on a millisecond timescale. Single-unit recording
studies in monkeys have identified localized timing
circuits, whereas neuropsychological studies of humans who
have damage to the basal ganglia have indicated that core
structures, such as the cortico-thalamic-basal ganglia
circuit, play an important role in timing and time
perception. Taken together, these data suggest that a core
timing mechanism interacts with context-dependent areas.
This idea of a temporal hub with a distributed network is
used to investigate the abstract properties of interval
tuning as well as temporal illusions and intersensory
timing. We conclude by proposing that the interconnections
built into this core timing mechanism are designed to
provide a form of degeneracy as protection against injury,
disease, or age-related decline.},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170349},
Key = {fds252903}
}
@article{fds252909,
Author = {Lake, JI and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential effects of amphetamine and haloperidol on
temporal reproduction: dopaminergic regulation of attention
and clock speed.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {284-292},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982605},
Abstract = {Healthy volunteers were tested on 7-s and 17-s peak-interval
timing procedures following d-amphetamine (20mg-oral),
haloperidol (2mg-oral), and placebo treatments in order to
assess the dopaminergic regulation of temporal processing.
Individual differences were observed in the drug effects
such that two different patterns of timing behavior emerged.
In the first pattern, d-amphetamine produced proportional
leftward shifts of the timing functions while haloperidol
produced proportional rightward shifts. This symmetrical
pattern of results suggests that clock speed is regulated by
the effective level of dopamine, i.e., d-amphetamine
increases clock speed and haloperidol decreases clock speed.
The second pattern was the opposite of the first pattern and
was revealed by d-amphetamine producing proportional
rightward shifts of the timing functions while haloperidol
produced no reliable effect. This asymmetrical pattern of
results is consistent with an explanation in which attention
toward the stimulant-induced euphoria produced by
d-amphetamine diminishes the attentional resources available
for temporal processing, thereby diluting any drug-induced
changes in clock speed. The result of increased competition
and time-sharing between these two dimensions (e.g.,
attention towards feelings of euphoria versus attention
towards the passage of time) leads to the
underestimation/overproduction of temporal intervals.
Interestingly, participants that displayed the 'clock-speed'
pattern liked d-amphetamine significantly less than
participants that displayed the 'attention' pattern and were
more variable in a simple reaction time task than other
participants. These results suggest that individuals with a
higher degree of sensitivity to time are also more sensitive
to their feelings of stimulant-induced euphoria and drug
liking-suggesting that internal clock and reward pathways
share common dopaminergic pathways.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.014},
Key = {fds252909}
}
@article{fds330544,
Author = {Meck, WH and Vatakis, A and Van Rijn and H},
Title = {Timing & Time Perception Enters a New
Dimension},
Journal = {Timing & Time Perception},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-2},
Publisher = {BRILL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002014},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002014},
Key = {fds330544}
}
@article{fds221713,
Author = {Gu, B-M. Laubach and M. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Oscillatory mechanisms supporting interval timing and
working memory in prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal
circuits},
Journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221713}
}
@article{fds221716,
Author = {Matthews, W.J. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Temporal perception: Taking the good with the
bad},
Journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive
Science},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221716}
}
@article{fds221725,
Author = {Gu, B.-M. and Allman, M.J. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Neural features of encoding and decision processes in an
ordinal/temporal comparison task in rats},
Journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221725}
}
@article{fds252908,
Author = {Lewis, PA and Meck, WH},
Title = {Time and the sleeping brain},
Journal = {Psychologist},
Volume = {25},
Number = {8},
Pages = {594-597},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0952-8229},
Abstract = {Our ability to measure time persists in the face of a wide
variety of neural insults. In combination with the large
array of neural structures that have been shown to activate
during timing tasks, this resilience suggests that multiple
brain networks are capable of measuring time. This article
explores this apparent 'degeneracy' (a concept explained in
the article) in neural systems for timing in the context of
recent evidence that such degeneracy may be promoted and
enhanced by consolidation across a night of sleep. We also
raise the possibility that offline consolidation may promote
degeneracy in other spheres (not just in
timing).},
Key = {fds252908}
}
@article{fds304701,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH and Simon, SA},
Title = {Distinct neural ensembles in the rat gustatory cortex encode
salt and water tastes.},
Journal = {J Physiol},
Volume = {590},
Number = {13},
Pages = {3169-3184},
Year = {2012},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22570382},
Abstract = {The gustatory cortex (GC) is important for perceiving the
intensity of tastants but it remains unclear as to how
single neurons in the region carry out this function.
Previous studies have shown that taste-evoked activity from
single neurons in GC can be correlated or anticorrelated
with tastant concentration, yet whether one or both neural
responses signal intensity is poorly characterized because
animals from these studies were not trained to report the
intensity of the concentration that they tasted. To address
this issue, we designed a two-alternative forced choice
(2-AFC) task in which freely licking rats distinguished
among concentrations of NaCl and recorded from ensembles of
neurons in the GC. We identified three neural ensembles that
rapidly (<300 ms or ∼2 licks) processed NaCl
concentration. For two ensembles, their NaCl evoked activity
was anticorrelated with NaCl concentration but could be
further distinguished by their response to water; in one
ensemble, water evoked the greatest response while in the
other ensemble the lowest tested NaCl concentration evoked
the greatest response. However, the concentration sensitive
activity from each of these ensembles did not show a strong
association with the behaviour of the rat in the 2-AFC task,
suggesting a lesser role for signalling tastant intensity.
Conversely, for a third neural ensemble, its neural activity
was well correlated with increases in NaCl concentration,
and this relationship best matched the intensity perceived
by the rat. These results suggest that this neuronal
ensemble in GC whose activity monotonically increases with
concentration plays an important role in signalling the
intensity of the taste of NaCl.},
Doi = {10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233486},
Key = {fds304701}
}
@article{fds343296,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Cheng, RK and Meck, WH},
Title = {Acquisition of "start" and "stop" response thresholds in
peak-interval timing is differentially sensitive to protein
synthesis inhibition in the dorsal and ventral
striatum},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Number = {MARCH},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00010},
Abstract = {Time-based decision-making in peak-interval timing
procedures involves the setting of response thresholds for
the initiation ("Start") and termination ("Stop") of a
response sequence that is centered on a target duration.
Using intracerebral infusions of the protein synthesis
inhibitor anisomycin, we report that the acquisition of the
"Start response depends on normal functioning (including
protein synthesis) in the dorsal striatum (DS), but not the
ventral striatum (VS). Conversely, disruption of the VS, but
not the DS, impairs the acquisition of the "Stop" response.
We hypothesize that the dorsal and ventral regions of the
striatum function as a competitive neural network that
encodes the temporal boundaries marking the beginning and
end of a timed response sequence. © 2012 MacDonald, Cheng
and Meck.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00010},
Key = {fds343296}
}
@article{fds252905,
Author = {Meck, WH and Cheng, R-K and MacDonald, CJ and Gainetdinov, RR and Caron,
MG and Cevik, MÖ},
Title = {Gene-dose dependent effects of methamphetamine on interval
timing in dopamine-transporter knockout mice.},
Journal = {Neuropharmacology},
Volume = {62},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1221-1229},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21296093},
Abstract = {The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the major regulator of the
spatial and temporal resolution of dopaminergic
neurotransmission in the brain. Hyperdopaminergic mice with
DAT gene deletions were evaluated for their ability to
perform duration discriminations in the seconds-to-minutes
range. DAT -/- mice were unable to demonstrate temporal
control of behavior in either fixed-interval or
peak-interval timing procedures, whereas DAT +/- mice were
similar to DAT +/+ mice under normal conditions. Low to
moderate-dose methamphetamine (MAP) challenges indicated
that DAT +/- mice were less sensitive to the clock-speed
enhancing effects of MAP compared with DAT +/+ mice. In
contrast, DAT +/- mice were more vulnerable than DAT +/+
mice to the disruptive effects of MAP at high doses as
revealed by the elevation of response rate in the right hand
tail of the Gaussian-shaped timing functions. Moreover, this
treatment made DAT +/- mice functionally equivalent to DAT
-/- mice in terms of the loss of temporal control. Taken
together, these results demonstrate the importance of
dopaminergic control of interval timing in cortico-striatal
circuits and the potential link of timing dysfunctions to
schizophrenia and drug abuse.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.042},
Key = {fds252905}
}
@article{fds252912,
Author = {Allman, MJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed
performance.},
Journal = {Brain},
Volume = {135},
Number = {Pt 3},
Pages = {656-677},
Year = {2012},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921020},
Abstract = {Distortions in time perception and timed performance are
presented by a number of different neurological and
psychiatric conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease,
schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and
autism). As a consequence, the primary focus of this review
is on factors that define or produce systematic changes in
the attention, clock, memory and decision stages of temporal
processing as originally defined by Scalar Expectancy
Theory. These findings are used to evaluate the Striatal
Beat Frequency Theory, which is a neurobiological model of
interval timing based upon the coincidence detection of
oscillatory processes in corticostriatal circuits that can
be mapped onto the stages of information processing proposed
by Scalar Timing Theory.},
Doi = {10.1093/brain/awr210},
Key = {fds252912}
}
@article{fds252904,
Author = {Meck, WH and Doyère, V and Gruart, A},
Title = {Interval timing and time-based decision making.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {13},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22479240},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00013},
Key = {fds252904}
}
@article{fds252907,
Author = {Macdonald, CJ and Cheng, R-K and Meck, WH},
Title = {Acquisition of "Start" and "Stop" response thresholds in
peak-interval timing is differentially sensitive to protein
synthesis inhibition in the dorsal and ventral
striatum.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {6},
Number = {MARCH},
Pages = {10},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1662-5145},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435054},
Abstract = {Time-based decision-making in peak-interval timing
procedures involves the setting of response thresholds for
the initiation ("Start") and termination ("Stop") of a
response sequence that is centered on a target duration.
Using intracerebral infusions of the protein synthesis
inhibitor anisomycin, we report that the acquisition of the
"Start" response depends on normal functioning (including
protein synthesis) in the dorsal striatum (DS), but not the
ventral striatum (VS). Conversely, disruption of the VS, but
not the DS, impairs the acquisition of the "Stop" response.
We hypothesize that the dorsal and ventral regions of the
striatum function as a competitive neural network that
encodes the temporal boundaries marking the beginning and
end of a timed response sequence.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00010},
Key = {fds252907}
}
@article{fds186402,
Author = {Williams, C.L and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Differential effects of pre- and postnatal choline
supplementation on the long-term facilitation of
hippocampal-dependent spatial memory},
Journal = {Hippocampus},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds186402}
}
@article{fds252902,
Author = {Pronin, E and Meck, WH},
Title = {It's not just what you think: Thought speed and the flow of
time},
Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds252902}
}
@article{fds252906,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH and Simon, SA},
Title = {Distinct neural ensembles in rat gustatory cortex encode for
water, osmotic pressure and the intensity of
NaCl.},
Journal = {Journal of Physiology},
Volume = {590},
Number = {Pt 13},
Pages = {3169-3184},
Year = {2012},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22570382},
Abstract = {The gustatory cortex (GC) is important for perceiving the
intensity of tastants but it remains unclear as to how
single neurons in the region carry out this function.
Previous studies have shown that taste-evoked activity from
single neurons in GC can be correlated or anticorrelated
with tastant concentration, yet whether one or both neural
responses signal intensity is poorly characterized because
animals from these studies were not trained to report the
intensity of the concentration that they tasted. To address
this issue, we designed a two-alternative forced choice
(2-AFC) task in which freely licking rats distinguished
among concentrations of NaCl and recorded from ensembles of
neurons in the GC. We identified three neural ensembles that
rapidly (<300 ms or ∼2 licks) processed NaCl
concentration. For two ensembles, their NaCl evoked activity
was anticorrelated with NaCl concentration but could be
further distinguished by their response to water; in one
ensemble, water evoked the greatest response while in the
other ensemble the lowest tested NaCl concentration evoked
the greatest response. However, the concentration sensitive
activity from each of these ensembles did not show a strong
association with the behaviour of the rat in the 2-AFC task,
suggesting a lesser role for signalling tastant intensity.
Conversely, for a third neural ensemble, its neural activity
was well correlated with increases in NaCl concentration,
and this relationship best matched the intensity perceived
by the rat. These results suggest that this neuronal
ensemble in GC whose activity monotonically increases with
concentration plays an important role in signalling the
intensity of the taste of NaCl.},
Doi = {10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233486},
Key = {fds252906}
}
@article{fds252911,
Author = {Yin, B and Meck, WH},
Title = {Dynamic prefrontal-striatal-hippocampal interactions in the
modulation of timing and time perception},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London
B},
Volume = {in press},
Pages = {in press},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds252911}
}
@article{fds252919,
Author = {Gu, BM and Meck, WH},
Title = {New perspectives on vierordt's law: Memory-mixing in ordinal
temporal comparison tasks},
Journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes
in Bioinformatics)},
Volume = {6789 LNAI},
Pages = {67-78},
Publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0302-9743},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21478-3_6},
Abstract = {Distortions in temporal memory can occur as a function of
differences in signal modalities and/or by the encoding of
multiple signal durations associated with different timing
tasks into a single memory distribution - an effect referred
to as "memory mixing". Evidence for this type of memory
distortion and/or categorization of signal durations as an
explanation for changes in temporal context (e.g., duration
ranges), as well as for Vierordt's law (e.g., overestimation
of "short" durations and underestimation of "long"
durations), can be studied by examining proactive
interference effects from the previous trial(s). Moreover,
we demonstrate that individual differences in the magnitude
of this "memory-mixing" phenomenon are correlated with
variation in reaction times for ordinal temporal comparisons
as well as with sensitivity to feedback effects in the
formation of duration-specific memory distributions. © 2011
Springer-Verlag.},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-21478-3_6},
Key = {fds252919}
}
@article{fds252917,
Author = {Lustig, C and Meck, WH},
Title = {Modality differences in timing and temporal memory
throughout the lifespan.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {77},
Number = {2},
Pages = {298-303},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21843912},
Abstract = {The perception of time is heavily influenced by attention
and memory, both of which change over the lifespan. In the
current study, children (8 yrs), young adults (18-25 yrs),
and older adults (60-75 yrs) were tested on a duration
bisection procedure using 3 and 6-s auditory and visual
signals as anchor durations. During test, participants were
exposed to a range of intermediate durations, and the task
was to indicate whether test durations were closer to the
"short" or "long" anchor. All groups reproduced the classic
finding that "sounds are judged longer than lights". This
effect was greater for older adults and children than for
young adults, but for different reasons. Replicating
previous results, older adults made similar auditory
judgments as young adults, but underestimated the duration
of visual test stimuli. Children showed the opposite
pattern, with similar visual judgments as young adults but
overestimation of auditory stimuli. Psychometric functions
were analyzed using the Sample Known Exactly-Mixed Memory
quantitative model of the Scalar Timing Theory of interval
timing. Results indicate that children show an
auditory-specific deficit in reference memory for the
anchors, rather than a general bias to overestimate time and
that aged adults show an exaggerated tendency to judge
visual stimuli as "short" due to a reduction in the
availability of controlled attention.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2011.07.007},
Key = {fds252917}
}
@article{fds252910,
Author = {Allman, MJ and Pelphrey, KA and Meck, WH},
Title = {Developmental neuroscience of time and number: implications
for autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {7},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408612},
Abstract = {Estimations of time and number share many similarities in
both non-humans and man. The primary focus of this review is
on the development of time and number sense across infancy
and childhood, and neuropsychological findings as they
relate to time and number discrimination in infants and
adults. Discussion of these findings is couched within a
mode-control model of timing and counting which assumes time
and number share a common magnitude representation system. A
basic sense of time and number likely serves as the
foundation for advanced numerical and temporal competence,
and aspects of higher cognition-this will be discussed as it
relates to typical childhood, and certain developmental
disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. Directions
for future research in the developmental neuroscience of
time and number (NEUTIN) will also be highlighted.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2012.00007},
Key = {fds252910}
}
@article{fds252915,
Author = {McGowan, PO and Hope, TA and Meck, WH and Kelsoe, G and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Impaired social recognition memory in recombination
activating gene 1-deficient mice.},
Journal = {Brain Res},
Volume = {1383},
Pages = {187-195},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21354115},
Abstract = {The recombination activating genes (RAGs) encode two enzymes
that play key roles in the adaptive immune system. RAG1 and
RAG2 mediate VDJ recombination, a process necessary for the
maturation of B- and T-cells. Interestingly, RAG1 is also
expressed in the brain, particularly in areas of high neural
density such as the hippocampus, although its function is
unknown. We tested evidence that RAG1 plays a role in brain
function using a social recognition memory task, an
assessment of the acquisition and retention of conspecific
identity. In a first experiment, we found that
RAG1-deficient mice show impaired social recognition memory
compared to mice wildtype for the RAG1 allele. In a second
experiment, by breeding to homogenize background genotype,
we found that RAG1-deficient mice show impaired social
recognition memory relative to heterozygous or
RAG2-deficient littermates. Because RAG1 and RAG2 null mice
are both immunodeficient, the results suggest that the
memory impairment is not an indirect effect of immunological
dysfunction. RAG1-deficient mice show normal habituation to
non-socially derived odors and habituation to an open-field,
indicating that the observed effect is not likely a result
of a general deficit in habituation to novelty. These data
trace the origin of the impairment in social recognition
memory in RAG1-deficient mice to the RAG1 gene locus and
implicate RAG1 in memory formation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.054},
Key = {fds252915}
}
@article{fds252918,
Author = {Gu, BM and Cheng, RK and Yin, B and Meck, WH},
Title = {Quinpirole-induced sensitization to noisy/sparse periodic
input: temporal synchronization as a component of
obsessive-compulsive disorder.},
Journal = {Neuroscience},
Volume = {179},
Pages = {143-150},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21284954},
Abstract = {Quinpirole-sensitized rats were tested on a discrete-trials
40-s peak-interval procedure using lever pressing as the
instrumental response. Although there was no evidence of
rhythmical activity in lever pressing, periodic output was
observed in a secondary response (food-cup entries) during
the inter-trial interval following the delivery of
reinforcement on fixed-interval trials, but not during
unreinforced probe trials. This repetitive pattern of
behavior with a 40-s period points to the primacy of
reinforcement as a time marker and an increased tendency to
synchronize to noisy and sparse periodic input as a result
of reduced inhibitory control in cortico-striatal circuits
following chronic quinpirole administration. Parallels
between quinpirole-induced rhythmical behavior and the
repetitive motor habits frequently observed in
obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.048},
Key = {fds252918}
}
@article{fds252921,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Dyke, AG and McConnell, MW and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Categorical scaling of duration as a function of temporal
context in aged rats.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1381},
Pages = {175-186},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21262208},
Abstract = {Aged male rats at 10, 20, and 30 mo of age were trained on a
2.0 vs. 8.0-s duration bisection procedure using both
auditory and visual signals and were then tested with visual
signal durations in which the spacing of the intermediate
signal durations was held constant as the short (S) and long
(L) anchor durations were moved progressively closer to each
other across blocks of sessions. Auditory clicks also
preceded some trials in order to determine the potential
effects of arousal and/or distraction on the timing of
visual signals. The consequences of aging, reducing the S:L
ratio, and auditory clicks were to increase the likelihood
of observing reversals in response classifications around
the geometric mean of the anchor durations. Taken together,
these results suggest that the bisection "reversal effect"
is dependent upon the calculation of the subjective
mid-point between the two anchor durations and the
differential setting of response thresholds around this
category boundary as a function of temporal
context.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.044},
Key = {fds252921}
}
@article{fds252913,
Author = {van Rijn, H and Kononowicz, TW and Meck, WH and Ng, KK and Penney,
TB},
Title = {Contingent negative variation and its relation to time
estimation: a theoretical evaluation.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {91},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22207841},
Abstract = {The relation between the contingent negative variation (CNV)
and time estimation is evaluated in terms of temporal
accumulation and preparation processes. The conclusion is
that the CNV as measured from the electroencephalogram (EEG)
recorded at fronto-central and parietal-central areas is not
a direct reflection of the underlying interval timing
mechanism(s), but more likely represents a time-based
response preparation/decision-making process.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2011.00091},
Key = {fds252913}
}
@article{fds252914,
Author = {Pleil, KE and Cordes, S and Meck, WH and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Rapid and acute effects of estrogen on time perception in
male and female rats.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {63},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016725},
Abstract = {Sex differences in the rapid and acute effects of estradiol
on time perception were investigated in adult male and
female Sprague-Dawley rats. Because estradiol has been shown
to increase striatal dopamine release, it may be able to
modify time perception and timed performance by increasing
the speed of an internal clock in a manner similar to
indirect dopamine agonists such as amphetamine and cocaine.
Two groups of females (neonatally estradiol-treated/adult
ovariectomized and neonatally oil-treated/adult
ovariectomized) and two groups of males (neonatally
castrated and adult castrated) were trained in a 2 vs. 8-s
duration bisection procedure and tested using intermediate
signal durations. After obtaining oil-injected baseline
psychometric functions over several days, rats were
administered 5 μg of estradiol for 4 days and
behaviorally evaluated 30 min following each injection.
This oil-estradiol administration cycle was subsequently
repeated three times following the re-establishment of
baseline training. Results revealed significant sex
differences in the initial baseline functions that were not
modifiable by organizational hormones, with males' duration
bisection functions shifted horizontally to the left of
females'. Upon the first administration of estradiol,
females, but not males, showed a significant, transient
leftward shift in their bisection functions, indicative of
an increase in clock speed. After extensive retraining in
the duration bisection procedure, rats that were exposed to
gonadal hormones during the first week of life showed a
significant rightward shift in their bisection functions on
the fourth day of estradiol administration during each
cycle, suggesting a decrease in clock speed. Taken together,
our results support the view that there are multiple
mechanisms of estrogens' action in the striatum that
modulate dopaminergic activity and are differentially
organized by gonadal steroids during early brain
development.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2011.00063},
Key = {fds252914}
}
@article{fds252920,
Author = {Agostino, PV and Golombek, DA and Meck, WH},
Title = {Unwinding the molecular basis of interval and circadian
timing.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {64},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022309},
Abstract = {Neural timing mechanisms range from the millisecond to
diurnal, and possibly annual, frequencies. Two of the main
processes under study are the interval timer
(seconds-to-minute range) and the circadian clock. The
molecular basis of these two mechanisms is the subject of
intense research, as well as their possible relationship.
This article summarizes data from studies investigating a
possible interaction between interval and circadian timing
and reviews the molecular basis of both mechanisms,
including the discussion of the contribution from studies of
genetically modified animal models. While there is currently
no common neurochemical substrate for timing mechanisms in
the brain, circadian modulation of interval timing suggests
an interaction of different frequencies in cerebral temporal
processes.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2011.00064},
Key = {fds252920}
}
@article{fds252922,
Author = {Coull, JT and Cheng, R-K and Meck, WH},
Title = {Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of
timing.},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-25},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668434},
Abstract = {We all have a sense of time. Yet, there are no sensory
receptors specifically dedicated for perceiving time. It is
an almost uniquely intangible sensation: we cannot see time
in the way that we see color, shape, or even location. So
how is time represented in the brain? We explore the neural
substrates of metrical representations of time such as
duration estimation (explicit timing) or temporal
expectation (implicit timing). Basal ganglia (BG),
supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex
have all been linked to the explicit estimation of duration.
However, each region may have a functionally discrete role
and will be differentially implicated depending upon task
context. Among these, the dorsal striatum of the BG and,
more specifically, its ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic
pathway seems to be the most crucial of these regions, as
shown by converging functional neuroimaging,
neuropsychological, and psychopharmacological investigations
in humans, as well as lesion and pharmacological studies in
animals. Moreover, neuronal firing rates in both striatal
and interconnected frontal areas vary as a function of
duration, suggesting a neurophysiological mechanism for the
representation of time in the brain, with the
excitatory-inhibitory balance of interactions among distinct
subtypes of striatal neuron serving to fine-tune temporal
accuracy and precision.},
Doi = {10.1038/npp.2010.113},
Key = {fds252922}
}
@article{fds252916,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Cheng, RK and Meck, WH},
Title = {Interval timing and time-based decision making requires
differential protein synthesis in the dorsal and ventral
striatum for the setting of ‘Start’ and ‘Stop’
response thresholds},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/integrative_neuroscience/abstract/12630},
Key = {fds252916}
}
@article{fds252930,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH and Simon, SA and Nicolelis,
MAL},
Title = {Taste-guided decisions differentially engage neuronal
ensembles across gustatory cortices.},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {29},
Number = {36},
Pages = {11271-11282},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741134},
Abstract = {Much remains to be understood about the differential
contributions from primary and secondary sensory cortices to
sensory-guided decision making. To address this issue we
simultaneously recorded activity from neuronal ensembles in
primary [gustatory cortex GC)] and secondary gustatory
[orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] cortices while rats made a
taste-guided decision between two response alternatives. We
found that before animals commenced a response guided by a
tastant cue, GC ensembles contained more information than
OFC about the response alternative about to be selected.
Thereafter, while the animal's response was underway, the
response-selective information in ensembles from both
regions increased, albeit to a greater degree in OFC. In GC,
this increase depends on a representation of the taste cue
guiding the animal's response. The increase in the OFC also
depends on the taste cue guiding and other features of the
response such as its spatiomotor properties and the
behavioral context under which it is executed. Each of these
latter features is encoded by different ensembles of OFC
neurons that are recruited at specific times throughout the
response selection process. These results indicate that
during a taste-guided decision task both primary and
secondary gustatory cortices dynamically encode different
types of information.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1033-09.2009},
Key = {fds252930}
}
@article{fds252932,
Author = {Cheng, R-K},
Title = {Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Sleep-Dependent Memory
Consolidation and Its Facilitation by Prenatal Choline
Supplementation},
Journal = {The Chinese Journal of Physiology},
Volume = {52},
Number = {4},
Pages = {223-235},
Publisher = {Medknow},
Year = {2009},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0304-4920},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000269414500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.4077/cjp.2009.amh085},
Key = {fds252932}
}
@article{fds252933,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Relativity theory and time perception: single or multiple
clocks?},
Journal = {Plos One},
Volume = {4},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e6268},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19623247},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND:Current theories of interval timing assume that
humans and other animals time as if using a single, absolute
stopwatch that can be stopped or reset on command. Here we
evaluate the alternative view that psychological time is
represented by multiple clocks, and that these clocks create
separate temporal contexts by which duration is judged in a
relative manner. Two predictions of the multiple-clock
hypothesis were tested. First, that the multiple clocks can
be manipulated (stopped and/or reset) independently. Second,
that an event of a given physical duration would be
perceived as having different durations in different
temporal contexts, i.e., would be judged differently by each
clock. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Rats were trained to
time three durations (e.g., 10, 30, and 90 s). When timing
was interrupted by an unexpected gap in the signal, rats
reset the clock used to time the "short" duration, stopped
the "medium" duration clock, and continued to run the "long"
duration clock. When the duration of the gap was
manipulated, the rats reset these clocks in a hierarchical
order, first the "short", then the "medium", and finally the
"long" clock. Quantitative modeling assuming re-allocation
of cognitive resources in proportion to the relative
duration of the gap to the multiple, simultaneously timed
event durations was used to account for the results.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:These results indicate that the
three event durations were effectively timed by separate
clocks operated independently, and that the same gap
duration was judged relative to these three temporal
contexts. Results suggest that the brain processes the
duration of an event in a manner similar to Einstein's
special relativity theory: A given time interval is
registered differently by independent clocks dependent upon
the context.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006268},
Key = {fds252933}
}
@article{fds252934,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Relative time sharing: new findings and an extension of the
resource allocation model of temporal processing.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {364},
Number = {1525},
Pages = {1875-1885},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19487190},
Abstract = {Individuals time as if using a stopwatch that can be stopped
or reset on command. Here, we review behavioural and
neurobiological data supporting the time-sharing hypothesis
that perceived time depends on the attentional and memory
resources allocated to the timing process. Neuroimaging
studies in humans suggest that timekeeping tasks engage
brain circuits typically involved in attention and working
memory. Behavioural, pharmacological, lesion and
electrophysiological studies in lower animals support this
time-sharing hypothesis. When subjects attend to a second
task, or when intruder events are presented, estimated
durations are shorter, presumably due to resources being
taken away from timing. Here, we extend the time-sharing
hypothesis by proposing that resource reallocation is
proportional to the perceived contrast, both in temporal and
non-temporal features, between intruders and the timed
events. New findings support this extension by showing that
the effect of an intruder event is dependent on the relative
duration of the intruder to the intertrial interval. The
conclusion is that the brain circuits engaged by timekeeping
comprise not only those primarily involved in time
accumulation, but also those involved in the maintenance of
attentional and memory resources for timing, and in the
monitoring and reallocation of those resources among
tasks.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2009.0022},
Key = {fds252934}
}
@article{fds252931,
Author = {Fortin, C and Fairhurst, S and Malapani, C and Morin, C and Towey, J and Meck, WH},
Title = {Expectancy in humans in multisecond peak-interval timing
with gaps.},
Journal = {Attention, Perception & Psychophysics},
Volume = {71},
Number = {4},
Pages = {789-802},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1943-3921},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19429959},
Abstract = {In two experiments, the peak-interval procedure was used
with humans to test effects related to gaps in multisecond
timing. In Experiment 1, peak times of response
distributions were shorter when the gap occurred later
during the encoding of the criterion time to be reproduced,
suggesting that gap expectancy shortened perceived
durations. Peak times were also positively related to
objective target durations. Spreads of response
distributions were generally related to estimated durations.
In Experiment 2, peak times were shortest when gaps were
expected but did not occur, confirming that the shortening
effect of gap expectancy is independent of the gap
occurrence. High positive start-stop correlations and
moderate positive peak-time-spread correlations showed
strong memory variability, whereas low and negative
start-spread correlations suggest small response-threshold
variability. Correlations seemed not to be influenced by
expectancy. Overall, the peak-interval procedure with gaps
provided relevant information on similarities and
differences in timing in humans and other
animals.},
Doi = {10.3758/app.71.4.789},
Key = {fds252931}
}
@article{fds252936,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Differential effects of pre- and postnatal choline
supplementation on the long-term facilitation of
hippocampal-dependent spatial memory},
Journal = {Hippocampus},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds252936}
}
@article{fds252937,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Novel inversions in the presentation of numerical stimuli
provide evidence for spontaneous subtraction},
Journal = {Cognition},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds252937}
}
@article{fds304700,
Author = {Lamoureux, JA and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline availability alters the context sensitivity
of Pavlovian conditioning in adult rats.},
Journal = {Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {12},
Pages = {866-875},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050158},
Abstract = {The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian
conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo).
Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline
affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian
conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation
of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline
availability significantly altered the contextual control of
these learned behaviors. Both control and choline-deprived
rats exhibited context specificity of conditioned excitation
as exhibited by a loss in responding when tested in an
alternate context after conditioning; in contrast,
choline-supplemented rats showed no such effect. When
switched to a different context following extinction,
however, both choline-supplemented and control rats showed
substantial contextual control of responding, whereas
choline-deficient rats did not. These data support the view
that configural associations that rely on hippocampal
function are selectively sensitive to prenatal manipulations
of dietary choline during prenatal development.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.1058708},
Key = {fds304700}
}
@article{fds304699,
Author = {Penney, TB and Gibbon, J and Meck, WH},
Title = {Categorical scaling of duration bisection in pigeons
(Columba livia), mice (Mus musculus), and humans (Homo
sapiens).},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {19},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1103-1109},
Year = {2008},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19076481},
Abstract = {A fundamental assumption underlying research in
translational neuroscience is that animal models represent
many of the same neurocognitive mechanisms and decision
processes used by humans. Clear demonstrations of such
correspondences will be crucial to the discovery of the
neurobiological underpinnings of higher-level cognition. One
domain likely to support fruitful comparisons is interval
timing, because humans and other animals appear to share
basic similarities in their ability to discriminate the
durations of events in the seconds-to-minutes range. Here,
we report that in a duration-bisection procedure using a
series of anchor durations ranging from 2 through 5 s,
pigeon, mouse, and human subjects classified a given signal
duration as subjectively shorter than an adjacent,
physically shorter signal duration when the two durations
lay on opposite sides of a putative category boundary. These
bisection reversals provide strong evidence for continuity
of temporal cognition across a wide range of vertebrate
species.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02210.x},
Key = {fds304699}
}
@article{fds252894,
Author = {Agostino, PV and Peryer, G and Meck, WH},
Title = {How music fills our emotions and helps us keep
time},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {575-576},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0800530X},
Abstract = {Whether and how music is involved in evoking emotions is a
matter of considerable debate. In the target article, Juslin
& Västfjäll (J&V) argue that music induces a wide range of
both basic and complex emotions that are shared with other
stimuli. If such a link exists, it would provide a common
basis for considering the interactions among music, emotion,
timing, and time perception. © 2008 Cambridge University
Press.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X0800530X},
Key = {fds252894}
}
@article{fds252926,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Oscillatory bands, neuronal synchrony and hippocampal
function: implications of the effects of prenatal choline
supplementation for sleep-dependent memory
consolidation.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {176-194},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18793620},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation of the maternal diet has long-term
facilitative effects on spatial and temporal memory
processes in the offspring. To further delineate the impact
of early nutritional status on brain and behavior, we
examined effects of prenatal-choline availability on
hippocampal oscillatory frequency bands in 12 month-old male
and female rats. Adult offspring of time-pregnant dams that
were given a deficient level of choline (DEF=0.0 g/kg),
sufficient choline (CON=1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline
(SUP=3.5 g/kg) in their chow during embryonic days (ED)
12-17 were implanted with an electroencephalograph (EEG)
electrode in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in combination
with an electromyograph (EMG) electrode patch implanted in
the nuchal muscle. Five consecutive 8-h recording sessions
revealed differential patterns of EEG activity as a function
of awake, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM)
sleep states and prenatal choline status. The main finding
was that SUP rats displayed increased power levels of gamma
(30-100 Hz) band oscillations during all phases of the
sleep/wake cycle. These findings are discussed within the
context of a general review of neuronal oscillations (e.g.,
delta, theta, and gamma bands) and synchronization across
multiple brain regions in relation to sleep-dependent memory
consolidation in the hippocampus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.077},
Key = {fds252926}
}
@article{fds252941,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Scott, AC and Penney, TB and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Prenatal-choline supplementation differentially modulates
timing of auditory and visual stimuli in aged
rats.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {167-175},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801344},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation of the maternal diet has a long-term
facilitative effect on the interval-timing ability and
temporal memory of the offspring. Here, we examined whether
prenatal-choline supplementation has modality-specific
effects on duration discrimination in aged (20 mo) male
rats. Adult offspring of rats that were given sufficient
choline in their chow (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental
choline added to their drinking water (SUP: 3.5 g/kg) during
embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained and tested on a
two-modality (auditory and visual signals) duration
bisection procedure (2 s vs. 8 s). Intensity (high vs. low)
of the auditory and visual timing signals was systematically
manipulated across test sessions such that all combinations
of signal intensity by modality were tested. Psychometric
response functions indicated that prenatal-choline
supplementation systematically increased sensitivity to
auditory signals relative to visual signals, thereby
magnifying the modality effect that sounds are judged to be
longer than lights of equivalent duration. In addition,
sensitivity to signal duration was greater in rats given
prenatal-choline supplementation, particularly at low
intensities of both the auditory and visual signals.
Overall, these results suggest that prenatal-choline
supplementation impacts interval timing by enhancing the
differences in temporal integration between auditory and
visual stimuli in aged subjects.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.062},
Key = {fds252941}
}
@article{fds252943,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Lamoureux, JA and Meck, WH},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation increases sensitivity to
contextual processing of temporal information.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {204-213},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18778696},
Abstract = {The effects of prenatal choline availability on contextual
processing in a 30-s peak-interval (PI) procedure with gaps
(1, 5, 10, and 15 s) were assessed in adult male rats.
Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline
affected baseline timing performance in the PI procedure.
However, prenatal choline availability significantly altered
the contextual processing of gaps inserted into the
to-be-timed signal (light on). Choline-supplemented rats
displayed a high degree of context sensitivity as indicated
by clock resetting when presented with a gap in the signal
(light off). In contrast, choline-deficient rats showed no
such effect and stopped their clocks during the gap. Control
rats exhibited an intermediate level of contextual
processing in between stop and full reset. When switched to
a reversed gap condition in which rats timed the absence of
the light and the presence of the light served as a gap, all
groups reset their clocks following a gap. Furthermore, when
filling the intertrial interval (ITI) with a distinctive
stimulus (e.g., sound), both choline-supplemented and
control rats rightward shifted their PI functions less on
trials with gaps than choline-deficient rats, indicating
greater contextual sensitivity and reduced clock resetting
under these conditions. Overall, these data support the view
that prenatal choline availability affects the sensitivity
to the context in which gaps are inserted in the to-be-timed
signal, thereby influencing whether rats run, stop, or reset
their clocks.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.072},
Key = {fds252943}
}
@article{fds304698,
Author = {Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Glenn, MJ and Mellott, TJ and Blusztajn, JK and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Spatial memory and hippocampal plasticity are differentially
sensitive to the availability of choline in adulthood as a
function of choline supply in utero.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {153-166},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18778697},
Abstract = {Altered dietary choline availability early in life leads to
persistent changes in spatial memory and hippocampal
plasticity in adulthood. Developmental programming by early
choline nutrition may determine the range of adult choline
intake that is optimal for the types of neural plasticity
involved in cognitive function. To test this, male
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a choline chloride
deficient (DEF), sufficient (CON), or supplemented (SUP)
diet during embryonic days 12-17 and then returned to a
control diet (1.1 g choline chloride/kg). At 70 days of age,
we found that DEF and SUP rats required fewer choices to
locate 8 baited arms of a 12-arm radial maze than CON rats.
When switched to a choline-deficient diet (0 g/kg), SUP rats
showed impaired performance while CON and DEF rats were
unaffected. In contrast, when switched to a
choline-supplemented diet (5.0 g/kg), DEF rats' performance
was significantly impaired while CON and SUP rats were less
affected. These changes in performance were reversible when
the rats were switched back to a control diet. In a second
experiment, DEF, CON, and SUP rats were either maintained on
a control diet, or the choline-supplemented diet. After 12
weeks, DEF rats were significantly impaired by choline
supplementation on a matching-to-place water-maze task,
which was also accompanied by a decrease in dentate cell
proliferation in DEF rats only. IGF-1 levels were elevated
by both prenatal and adult choline supplementation. Taken
together, these findings suggest that the in utero
availability of an essential nutrient, choline, causes
differential behavioral and neuroplastic sensitivity to the
adult choline supply.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.074},
Key = {fds304698}
}
@article{fds252939,
Author = {Williamson, LL and Cheng, R-K and Etchegaray, M and Meck,
WH},
Title = {"Speed" warps time: methamphetamine's interactive roles in
drug abuse, habit formation, and the biological clocks of
circadian and interval timing.},
Journal = {Current Drug Abuse Reviews},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {203-212},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19630719},
Abstract = {The indirect dopamine (DA) agonist methamphetamine (MAP) is
evaluated in terms of its impact on the speed of temporal
processing across multiple time scales involving both
interval and circadian timing. Behavioral and
neuropharmacological aspects of drug abuse, habit formation,
neurotoxicity, and the potential links between interval and
circadian timing are reviewed. The view that emerges is one
in which the full spectrum of MAP-induced effects on timing
and time perception is both complex and dynamic in as much
as it involves DA-glutamate interactions and gene expression
within cortico-striatal circuitry spanning oscillation
periods ranging from milliseconds to multiple hours. The
conclusion is that the psychostimulant properties of MAP are
very much embedded within the context of temporal prediction
and the anticipation of reward.},
Doi = {10.2174/1874473710801020203},
Key = {fds252939}
}
@article{fds252925,
Author = {Meck, WH and Penney, TB and Pouthas, V},
Title = {Cortico-striatal representation of time in animals and
humans.},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {145-152},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0959-4388},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18708142},
Abstract = {Interval timing in the seconds-to-minutes range is crucial
to learning, memory, and decision-making. Recent findings
argue for the involvement of cortico-striatal circuits that
are optimized by the dopaminergic modulation of oscillatory
activity and lateral connectivity at the level of
cortico-striatal inputs. Striatal medium spiny neurons are
proposed to detect the coincident activity of specific beat
patterns of cortical oscillations, thereby permitting the
discrimination of supra-second durations based upon the
reoccurring patterns of subsecond neural firing. This
proposal for the cortico-striatal representation of time is
consistent with the observed psychophysical properties of
interval timing (e.g. linear time scale and scalar variance)
as well as much of the available pharmacological, lesion,
patient, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging data from
animals and humans (e.g. dopamine-related timing deficits in
Huntington's and Parkinson's disease as well as related
animal models). The conclusion is that although the striatum
serves as a 'core timer', it is part of a distributed timing
system involving the coordination of large-scale oscillatory
networks.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.002},
Key = {fds252925}
}
@article{fds252942,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and MacDonald, CJ and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion,
and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats
as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate
schedule behavior.},
Journal = {Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {153-162},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323570},
Abstract = {Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting
effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further
delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we
examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on
timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and
female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON:
1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during
embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a differential
reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedule that was gradually
transitioned through 5-, 10-, 18-, 36-, and 72-sec criterion
times. We observed that SUP-females emitted more reinforced
responses than CON-females, which were more efficient than
both groups of males. In addition, SUP-males and SUP-females
exhibited a reduction in burst responding (response
latencies <2 sec) compared with both groups of CON rats.
Furthermore, despite a reduced level of burst responding,
the SUP-males made more nonreinforced responses prior to the
DRL criterion as a result of maintaining the previous DRL
criterion following transition to a new criterion. In
summary, long-lasting effects of prenatal-choline
supplementation were exhibited by reduced frustrative DRL
responding in conjunction with the persistence of temporal
memory in SUP-males and enhanced temporal exploration and
response efficiency in SUP-females.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.729408},
Key = {fds252942}
}
@article{fds252927,
Author = {Brannon, EM and Libertus, ME and Meck, WH and Woldorff,
MG},
Title = {Electrophysiological measures of time processing in infant
and adult brains: Weber's Law holds.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {193-203},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18275328},
Abstract = {Behavioral studies have demonstrated that time perception in
adults, children, and nonhuman animals is subject to Weber's
Law. More specifically, as with discriminations of other
features, it has been found that it is the ratio between two
durations rather than their absolute difference that
controls the ability of an animal to discriminate them.
Here, we show that scalp-recorded event-related electrical
brain potentials (ERPs) in both adults and 10-month-old
human infants, in response to changes in interstimulus
interval (ISI), appear to obey the scalar property found in
time perception in adults, children, and nonhuman animals.
Using a timing-interval oddball paradigm, we tested adults
and infants in conditions where the ratio between the
standard and deviant interval in a train of homogeneous
auditory stimuli varied such that there was a 1:4 (only for
the infants), 1:3, 1:2, and 2:3 ratio between the standard
and deviant intervals. We found that the amplitude of the
deviant-triggered mismatch negativity ERP component
(deviant-ISI ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) varied as a
function of the ratio of the standard to deviant interval.
Moreover, when absolute values were varied and ratio was
held constant, the mismatch negativity did not
vary.},
Doi = {10.1162/jocn.2008.20016},
Key = {fds252927}
}
@article{fds252923,
Author = {Penney, TB and Gibbon, J and Meck, WH},
Title = {Categorical scaling of duration bisection in pigeons
(Columba livia), mice (Mus musculus), and humans (homo
sapiens)},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {19},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1102-1108},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19076481},
Abstract = {A fundamental assumption underlying research in
translational neuroscience is that animal models represent
many of the same neurocognitive mechanisms and decision
processes used by humans. Clear demonstrations of such
correspondences will be crucial to the discovery of the
neurobiological underpinnings of higher-level cognition. One
domain likely to support fruitful comparisons is interval
timing, because humans and other animals appear to share
basic similarities in their ability to discriminate the
durations of events in the seconds-to-minutes range. Here,
we report that in a duration-bisection procedure using a
series of anchor durations ranging from 2 through 5 s,
pigeon, mouse, and human subjects classified a given signal
duration as subjectively shorter than an adjacent,
physically shorter signal duration when the two durations
lay on opposite sides of a putative category boundary. These
bisection reversals provide strong evidence for continuity
of temporal cognition across a wide range of vertebrate
species.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02210.x},
Key = {fds252923}
}
@article{fds252938,
Author = {Wong Goodrich and SJE and Glenn, MJ and Mellott, TJ and Blusztajn, JK and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Hippocampal plasticity and spatial memory are differentially
sensitive to the availability of choline in adulthood as a
function of its supply in utero},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {153-166},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18778697},
Abstract = {Altered dietary choline availability early in life leads to
persistent changes in spatial memory and hippocampal
plasticity in adulthood. Developmental programming by early
choline nutrition may determine the range of adult choline
intake that is optimal for the types of neural plasticity
involved in cognitive function. To test this, male
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a choline chloride
deficient (DEF), sufficient (CON), or supplemented (SUP)
diet during embryonic days 12-17 and then returned to a
control diet (1.1 g choline chloride/kg). At 70 days of age,
we found that DEF and SUP rats required fewer choices to
locate 8 baited arms of a 12-arm radial maze than CON rats.
When switched to a choline-deficient diet (0 g/kg), SUP rats
showed impaired performance while CON and DEF rats were
unaffected. In contrast, when switched to a
choline-supplemented diet (5.0 g/kg), DEF rats' performance
was significantly impaired while CON and SUP rats were less
affected. These changes in performance were reversible when
the rats were switched back to a control diet. In a second
experiment, DEF, CON, and SUP rats were either maintained on
a control diet, or the choline-supplemented diet. After 12
weeks, DEF rats were significantly impaired by choline
supplementation on a matching-to-place water-maze task,
which was also accompanied by a decrease in dentate cell
proliferation in DEF rats only. IGF-1 levels were elevated
by both prenatal and adult choline supplementation. Taken
together, these findings suggest that the in utero
availability of an essential nutrient, choline, causes
differential behavioral and neuroplastic sensitivity to the
adult choline supply.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.074},
Key = {fds252938}
}
@article{fds252940,
Author = {Lamoureux, JA and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Availability of prenatal dietary choline alters the context
sensitivity of Pavlovian conditioning in adult
rats},
Journal = {Learning & Memory},
Volume = {15},
Number = {12},
Pages = {866-875},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050158},
Abstract = {The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian
conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo).
Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline
affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian
conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation
of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline
availability significantly altered the contextual control of
these learned behaviors. Both control and choline-deprived
rats exhibited context specificity of conditioned excitation
as exhibited by a loss in responding when tested in an
alternate context after conditioning; in contrast,
choline-supplemented rats showed no such effect. When
switched to a different context following extinction,
however, both choline-supplemented and control rats showed
substantial contextual control of responding, whereas
choline-deficient rats did not. These data support the view
that configural associations that rely on hippocampal
function are selectively sensitive to prenatal manipulations
of dietary choline during prenatal development.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.1058708},
Key = {fds252940}
}
@article{fds252928,
Author = {Droit-Volet, S and Meck, WH},
Title = {How emotions colour our perception of time.},
Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
Volume = {11},
Number = {12},
Pages = {504-513},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1364-6613},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18023604},
Abstract = {Our sense of time is altered by our emotions to such an
extent that time seems to fly when we are having fun and
drags when we are bored. Recent studies using standardized
emotional material provide a unique opportunity for
understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie
the effects of emotion on timing and time perception in the
milliseconds-to-hours range. We outline how these new
findings can be explained within the framework of
internal-clock models and describe how emotional arousal and
valence interact to produce both increases and decreases in
attentional time sharing and clock speed. The study of time
and emotion is at a crossroads, and we outline possible
examples for future directions.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.008},
Key = {fds252928}
}
@article{fds252945,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Acute ethanol potentiates the clock-speed enhancing effects
of nicotine on timing and temporal memory.},
Journal = {Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research},
Volume = {31},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2106-2113},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18034700},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute ethanol administration potentiates some of
the behavioral effects of nicotine, although the extent of
this effect is unknown. The present investigation assessed
the ability of ethanol to potentiate nicotine's effect on
the overestimation of multisecond durations as a result of
an increase in the speed of an internal clock. METHODS:
Adult male rats were exposed to the acute effects of ethanol
(0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 g/kg; IG) which was given 10 minutes
prior to the administration of nicotine (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and
1.0 mg/kg; IP). The effects of these combined treatments on
timing and temporal memory were assessed using 18- and
36-second peak-interval procedures with separate
visual/spatial cues for responding. RESULTS: When
administered alone, ethanol had no consistent effect on peak
time, but decreased peak rate, and increased peak spread as
a function of dose. In contrast, nicotine alone shifted the
peak times of the response distributions leftward in a
proportional manner as a function of dose. When administered
after pretreatment with ethanol, nicotine's effect on the
horizontal placement of the peak functions was potentiated.
CONCLUSIONS: The observation that ethanol pretreatment
potentiates the clock-speed enhancing effects of
subsequently administered nicotine is discussed in terms of
the role of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and
dopamine-glutamate interactions in cortico-striatal circuits
thought to subserve interval timing.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00540.x},
Key = {fds252945}
}
@article{fds252949,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Meck, WH},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation increases sensitivity to
time by reducing non-scalar sources of variance in adult
temporal processing.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1186},
Pages = {242-254},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17996223},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation of the maternal diet has a long-term
facilitative effect on timing and temporal memory of the
offspring. To further delineate the impact of early
nutritional status on interval timing, we examined effects
of prenatal choline supplementation on the temporal
sensitivity of adult (6 months) male rats. Rats that were
given sufficient choline in their chow (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or
supplemental choline added to their drinking water (SUP: 3.5
g/kg) during embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a
peak-interval procedure that was shifted among 75%, 50%, and
25% probabilities of reinforcement with transitions from 18
s-->36 s-->72 s temporal criteria. Prenatal choline
supplementation systematically sharpened interval timing
functions by reducing the associative/non-temporal response
enhancing effects of reinforcement probability on the Start
response threshold, thereby reducing non-scalar sources of
variance in the left-hand portion of the Gaussian-shaped
response functions. No effect was observed for the Stop
response threshold as a function of any of these
manipulations. In addition, independence of peak time and
peak rate was demonstrated as a function of reinforcement
probability for both prenatal choline-supplemented and
control rats. Overall, these results suggest that prenatal
choline supplementation facilitates timing by reducing
impulsive responding early in the interval, thereby
improving the superimposition of peak functions for
different temporal criteria.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.025},
Key = {fds252949}
}
@article{fds252951,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Etchegaray, M and Meck, WH},
Title = {Impairments in timing, temporal memory, and reversal
learning linked to neurotoxic regimens of methamphetamine
intoxication.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1186},
Pages = {255-266},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17996849},
Abstract = {Methamphetamine intoxication has long-term consequences on
dopaminergic function and corticostriatal-mediated behaviors
in humans and other animals. In order to determine the
potential impact on timing and temporal memory, we examined
methamphetamine dose regimens that have been linked to
neurotoxicity in adult (8 months) male rats. Rats that were
given repetitive, high-dose methamphetamine (3.0 mg/kg ip x
4 injections/2 h) or saline injections were trained on a 2-s
vs 8-s bisection procedure using auditory and visual signal
durations. Following the high-dose regimen, baseline timing
performance was reestablished prior to the rats' receiving
reversal training in which the spatial/temporal mapping of
the anchor durations (2 s and 8 s) to response options (left
or right lever) was reversed. Low-dose methamphetamine (0.5
mg/kg ip) or saline injections were subsequently used to
evaluate the effectiveness of the neurotoxic doses in terms
of modifying the horizontal leftward shifts associated with
increases in clock speed. Overall, the results indicate that
MAP intoxication leads to reduced auditory/visual
differences in clock speed, deficits in reversal learning,
distortions in temporal memory, and lowered dopaminergic
regulation of clock speed consistent with damage to
prefrontal cortex and corticostriatal circuitry.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.002},
Key = {fds252951}
}
@article{fds252952,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Ali, YM and Meck, WH},
Title = {Ketamine "unlocks" the reduced clock-speed effects of
cocaine following extended training: evidence for
dopamine--glutamate interactions in timing and time
perception.},
Journal = {Neurobiology of Learning and Memory},
Volume = {88},
Number = {2},
Pages = {149-159},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1074-7427},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513138},
Abstract = {The present study examined the clock-speed modulating
effects of acute cocaine administration in groups of male
rats that received different amounts of baseline training on
a 36-s peak-interval procedure prior to initial drug
injection. After injection of cocaine (10, 15, or 20mg/kg,
ip), rats that had received a minimal amount of training
(e.g., <or=30 sessions) prior to drug administration
displayed a horizontal leftward shift in their timing
functions indicating that the speed of the internal clock
was increased. In contrast, rats that had received an
extended amount of training (e.g., >or=180 sessions) prior
to cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) administration did not produce
this "classic" curve-shift effect, but instead displayed a
general disruption of temporal control following drug
administration. Importantly, when co-administered with a
behaviorally ineffective dose of ketamine (10mg/kg, ip) the
ability of cocaine to modulate clock speed in rats receiving
extended training was restored. A glutamate "lock/unlock"
hypothesis is used to explain the observed
dopamine-glutamate interactions as a function of timing
behaviors becoming learned habits.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nlm.2007.04.005},
Key = {fds252952}
}
@article{fds252944,
Author = {Meck, WH and Macdonald, CJ},
Title = {Amygdala inactivation reverses fear's ability to impair
divided attention and make time stand still.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {121},
Number = {4},
Pages = {707-720},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17663596},
Abstract = {The cognitive and emotional effects of amygdala or frontal
cortex lesions were compared in rats trained to time both a
50-s visual signal paired with food and an embedded 10- or
20-s auditory signal that was paired with either appetitive
(food) or aversive (footshock) outcomes. When both auditory
and visual signals were paired with food, control and
amygdalar-lesioned rats were able to divide attention and to
time both signals simultaneously, whereas when the embedded
auditory signal was paired with footshock, control rats were
impaired in their ability to divide attention and were able
to time only one signal at a time. In contrast, amygdalar
inactivation blocked this fear-related impairment and
allowed rats to time both signals simultaneously, whereas
rats with frontal cortex lesions demonstrated sequential
processing under all conditions. These results support the
proposal that the frontal cortex exerts executive control
over the allocation of attentional resources, but that under
stressful conditions the amygdala is crucial for the
emergence of fear-evoked increments in selective attention
leading to deficits in the ability to time 2 or more signals
simultaneously.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.121.4.707},
Key = {fds252944}
}
@article{fds252950,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Hakak, OL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Habit formation and the loss of control of an internal
clock: inverse relationship between the level of baseline
training and the clock-speed enhancing effects of
methamphetamine.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {193},
Number = {3},
Pages = {351-362},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17464501},
Abstract = {Drugs that modulate the effective level of dopamine (DA) in
cortico-striatal circuits have been shown to alter the
perception of time in the seconds-to-minutes range. How this
relationship changes as a function of repeated experience
with the reinforcement contingencies and the gradual
adaptation of the underlying neural circuits remains
unclear.The present study examined the clock-speed enhancing
effects of methamphetamine (MAP 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, ip) in
groups of rats that received different levels of baseline
training (20, 60, or 120 sessions) on a 50-s peak-interval
(PI) procedure before initial drug administration.A
curvilinear relationship was observed such that rats that
received either minimal or intermediate levels of training
(<or=60 sessions) displayed dose- x training-related
horizontal leftward shifts in their timing functions,
suggesting that the speed of the internal clock was
increased. In contrast, rats that had received an extended
level of training (>or=120 sessions) did not show this
"classic" DA agonist curve-shift effect, but instead
displayed a dose-dependent disruption of temporal control
after MAP administration. A transition from DA-sensitive to
DA-insensitive mechanisms is proposed to account for the
loss of control of clock speed, as timing behaviors
associated with the PI procedure gradually become learned
habits through the strengthening of DA-glutamate
connections.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00213-007-0783-2},
Key = {fds252950}
}
@article{fds252948,
Author = {Cordes, S and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Common representations of abstract quantities},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {156-161},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00495.x},
Abstract = {Representations of abstract quantities such as time and
number are essential for survival. A number of studies have
revealed that both humans and nonhuman animals are able to
nonverbally estimate time and number; striking similarities
in the behavioral data suggest a common magnitude-representation
system shared across species. It is unclear, however,
whether these representations provide animals with a true
concept of time and number, as posited by Gallistel and
Gelman (2000). In this article, we review the prominent
cognitive and neurobiological models of timing and counting
and explore the current evidence suggesting that nonhuman
animals represent these quantities in a modality-independent
(i.e., abstract) and ordered manner. Avenues for future
research in the area of temporal and mathematical cognition
are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 Association for
Psychological Science.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00495.x},
Key = {fds252948}
}
@article{fds252946,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Cheng, R-K and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Combined organizational and activational effects of short
and long photoperiods on spatial and temporal memory in
rats.},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {226-233},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971053},
Abstract = {The present study examined the effects of photoperiod on
spatial and temporal memory in adult Sprague-Dawley rats
that were conceived and reared in different day lengths,
i.e., short day (SD-8:16 light/dark) and long day (LD-16:8
light/dark). Both male and female LD rats demonstrated
increased spatial memory capacity as evidenced by a lower
number of choices to criterion in a 12-arm radial maze task
relative to the performance of SD rats. SD rats also
demonstrated a distortion in the content of temporal memory
as evidenced by a proportional rightward shift in the 20 and
60 s temporal criteria trained using the peak-interval
procedure that is consistent with reduced cholinergic
function. The conclusion is that both spatial and temporal
memory are sensitive to photoperiod variation in laboratory
rats in a manner similar to that previously observed for
reproductive behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2006.08.001},
Key = {fds252946}
}
@article{fds252947,
Author = {Droit-Volet, S and Meck, WH and Penney, TB},
Title = {Sensory modality and time perception in children and
adults.},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {244-250},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17084041},
Abstract = {This experiment investigated the effect of signal modality
on time perception in 5- and 8-year-old children as well as
young adults using a duration bisection task in which
auditory and visual signals were presented in the same test
session and shared common anchor durations. Durations were
judged shorter for visual than for auditory signals by all
age groups. However, the magnitude of this modality
difference was larger in the children than in the adults.
Sensitivity to time was also observed to increase with age
for both modalities. Taken together, these two observations
suggest that the greater modality effect on duration
judgments for the children, for whom attentional abilities
are considered limited, is the result of visual signals
requiring more attentional resources than are needed for the
processing of auditory signals. Within the framework of the
information-processing model of Scalar Timing Theory, these
effects are consistent with a developmental difference in
the operation of the "attentional switch" used to transfer
pulses from the pacemaker into the accumulator.
Specifically, although timing is more automatic for auditory
than visual signals in both children and young adults,
children have greater difficulty in keeping the switch in
the closed state during the timing of visual
signals.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.012},
Key = {fds252947}
}
@article{fds252953,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Effect of clozapine on interval timing and working memory
for time in the peak-interval procedure with
gaps.},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-167},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17141425},
Abstract = {Previous research indicates that dopamine controls both the
speed of an internal clock [Maricq, A.V., Church, R.M.,
1983. The differential effects of haloperidol and
methamphetamine on time estimation in the rat.
Psychopharmacology 79, 10-15] and sharing of resources
between the timer and other cognitive processes [Buhusi,
C.V., 2003. Dopaminergic mechanisms of interval timing and
attention. In: Meck, W.H. (Ed.), Functional and Neural
Mechanisms of Interval Timing. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL,
pp. 317-338]. For example, dopamine agonist methamphetamine
increases the speed of an internal clock and resets timing
after a gap, while dopamine antagonist haloperidol decreases
the speed of an internal clock and stops timing during a gap
[Buhusi, C.V., Meck, W.H., 2002. Differential effects of
methamphetamine and haloperidol on the control of an
internal clock. Behav. Neurosci. 116, 291-297]. Using a 20-s
peak-interval procedure with gaps we examined the acute
effects of clozapine (2.0mg/kg i.p.), which exerts
differential effects on dopamine and serotonin in the cortex
and striatum, two brain areas involved in interval timing
and working memory. Relative to saline, clozapine injections
shifted the response functions leftward both in trials with
and without gaps, suggesting that clozapine increased the
speed of an internal clock and facilitated the maintenance
of the pre-gap interval in working memory. These results
suggest that clozapine exerts effects in different brain
areas in a manner that allows for the pharmacological
separation of clock speed and working memory as a function
of peak trials without and with gaps.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2006.10.004},
Key = {fds252953}
}
@article{fds252924,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL and Cermak, JM and Blusztajn,
JK},
Title = {Developmental periods of choline sensitivity provide an
ontogenetic mechanism for regulating memory capacity and
age-related dementia.},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {7},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18958235},
Abstract = {In order to determine brain and behavioral sensitivity of
nutrients that may serve as inductive signals during early
development, we altered choline availability to rats during
7 time frames spanning embryonic day (ED) 6 through
postnatal day (PD) 75 and examined spatial memory ability in
the perinatally-treated adults. Two sensitive periods were
identified, ED 12-17 and PD 16-30, during which choline
supplementation facilitated spatial memory and produced
increases in dendritic spine density in CA1 and dentate
gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus while also changing
the dendritic fields of DG granule cells. Moreover, choline
supplementation during ED 12-17 only, prevented the memory
decline normally observed in aged rats. These behavioral
changes were strongly correlated with the acetylcholine
(ACh) content of hippocampal slices following stimulated
release. Our data demonstrate that the availability of
choline during critical periods of brain development
influences cognitive performance in adulthood and old age,
and emphasize the importance of perinatal nutrition for
successful cognitive aging.},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.07.007.2007},
Key = {fds252924}
}
@article{fds252965,
Author = {Macdonald, CJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Interaction of raclopride and preparatory interval effects
on simple reaction time performance.},
Journal = {Behavioural Brain Research},
Volume = {175},
Number = {1},
Pages = {62-74},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0166-4328},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16962181},
Abstract = {In a series of three experiments, simple reaction time (RT)
was characterized with respect to a variable preparatory
interval (PI) in order to investigate the relationship
between interval timing and RT. In Experiment 1, it was
shown that RT decreases as a function of PI and that this
effect varies with amount of training. In Experiment 2, RT
was shown to increase during probe trials that used a novel
6.25s PI, suggesting that the specific durations of the PIs
encoded during initial training contribute to the PI effect
on RT. In Experiment 3, 100 microg/kg i.p. of raclopride
proportionally slowed RT as a function of the PI. These
results are discussed within the context of
neuropsychological models of interval timing and support an
underlying role for cortico-striatal dopaminergic function
in temporal processing and simple RT measurements.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.004},
Key = {fds252965}
}
@article{fds252964,
Author = {Matell, MS and Bateson, M and Meck, WH},
Title = {Single-trials analyses demonstrate that increases in clock
speed contribute to the methamphetamine-induced horizontal
shifts in peak-interval timing functions.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {188},
Number = {2},
Pages = {201-212},
Year = {2006},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16937099},
Abstract = {Drugs that increase dopamine (DA) transmission have been
shown to produce an overestimation of time in duration
production procedures as exhibited by horizontal leftward
shifts of the psychophysical functions. However, the
generality of these results has been inconsistent in the
literature.The present report evaluates the effects of five
doses of methamphetamine (MAP) (0.5-1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on two
duration production procedures, the single duration
peak-interval (PI) procedure and the multiduration tri-peak
procedure in rats.We replicated and extended prior results
by showing a dose-dependent proportional overestimation of
time that was equivalent on both procedures (i.e., subjects
behaved as though they expected reinforcement to be
available earlier in real time). Single-trials analyses
demonstrated that the reduction in peak rate that is often
observed after MAP administration is due to an increase in
the proportion of trials in which responding occurred at
very low rates and without temporal control. However, these
low-rate trials were not the source of the leftward shift in
the temporal estimates. Rather, we found that the leftward
shift of the PI functions was due to proportional changes in
the placement of temporally controlled high-rate responding,
which is consistent with a DA-mediated alteration in clock
speed.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00213-006-0489-x},
Key = {fds252964}
}
@article{fds252961,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Temporal memory in mature and aged rats is sensitive to
choline acetyltransferase inhibition.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {168-175},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16854393},
Abstract = {The effects of a potent inhibitor of choline
acetyltransferase (ChAT), BW813U, on timing behavior in
mature (6-10 months) and aged (26-30 months) male rats were
assessed. Twenty rats were trained on a discrete trial 20-s
peak-interval (PI) procedure. During baseline (non-drug)
training, the time of the maximum response rate (peak time)
for mature rats was approximately at the time of scheduled
reinforcement, but peak time for aged rats was reliably
later. A single administration of BW813U (100 mg/kg, ip)
produced a long-lasting increase in peak time for both
mature and aged rats that occurred gradually and was
synergistic with age. These horizontal shifts in peak time
indicate a change in the content of reference memory for the
remembered time of reinforcement that is similar for both
aging processes and BW813U administration. When a 5-s gap
was imposed in the signal, PI-GAP procedure, control rats of
both ages summed the signal durations before and after the
gap, whereas rats given BW813U showed no retention of the
signal duration prior to the gap. This loss of
trial-specific temporal information suggests a drug-induced
working memory dysfunction. Taken together, these results
demonstrate that both working and reference memory for
temporal information are sensitive to choline
acetyltransferase inhibition in rats.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.047},
Key = {fds252961}
}
@article{fds252962,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Neuroanatomical localization of an internal clock: a
functional link between mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and
mesocortical dopaminergic systems.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1109},
Number = {1},
Pages = {93-107},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890210},
Abstract = {The effects of selective dopamine (DA) depleting lesions
with 6-hydroxydopamine microinjection into the SN, CPu, and
NAS, as well as radiofrequency lesions of the CPu on the
performance characteristics of rats trained on a
single-valued 20-s peak-interval (PI) timing procedure or a
double-valued 10-s and 60-s PI procedure were evaluated. A
double dissociation in the performance of duration
discriminations was found. Rats with CPu lesions were unable
to exhibit temporal control of their behavior suggesting
complete insensitivity to signal duration but were able to
show discrimination of the relative reward value of a signal
by differentially modifying their response rates
appropriately. In contrast, rats with NAS lesions were able
to exhibit temporal control of their behavior by
differentially modifying their response rates as a function
of signal duration(s), suggesting no impairment of
sensitivity to signal duration, but were unable to show
discrimination of the relative reward value of a
signal.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.031},
Key = {fds252962}
}
@article{fds252963,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Frontal cortex lesions eliminate the clock speed effect of
dopaminergic drugs on interval timing.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {1108},
Number = {1},
Pages = {157-167},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844101},
Abstract = {Behavioral and pharmacological challenges using
methamphetamine (MAP-0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol
(HAL-0.12 mg/kg, i.p.), and sulfated cholecystokinin
octapeptide (CCK-0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were used to
evaluate the effects of excitotoxic lesions of cholinergic
cell bodies in the medial septal area and the nucleus
basalis magnocellularis, radiofrequency lesions of the
fimbria-fornix, and aspiration lesions of the frontal cortex
on interval timing in rats trained on a 40-s peak-interval
procedure. Results demonstrated that lesions of the nucleus
basalis magnocellularis and frontal cortex selectively
reduced the modulatory control of clock speed which is
likely mediated by dopamine D(2) receptors located on
cortico-striatal neurons.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.046},
Key = {fds252963}
}
@article{fds252967,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential effects of cocaine and ketamine on time
estimation: implications for neurobiological models of
interval timing.},
Journal = {Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior},
Volume = {85},
Number = {1},
Pages = {114-122},
Year = {2006},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0091-3057},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16920182},
Abstract = {The present experiment examined the effects of cocaine (0.0
and 15 mg/kg, i.p.) and ketamine (0.0, 10.0 and 15 mg/kg,
i.p.) on timing behavior using a 12-s differential
reinforcement of low rates (DRL) procedure and a 2- vs. 8-s
bisection procedure in rats. DRL (time production) and
bisection (time perception) procedures are sensitive to
effects of dopaminergic drugs and provide an assessment of
the accuracy and precision of interval timing as well as the
subject's level of impulsivity. When administered to rats
trained on either the DRL or the bisection procedure,
cocaine shifted the psychophysical functions leftward
relative to control conditions. In contrast, ketamine
produced no change in the temporal control of behavior on
either procedure. These differential effects of cocaine and
ketamine are consistent with previous reports suggesting
that dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum, but not in
prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum or hippocampal regions,
are crucial for the regulation of the speed of an internal
clock.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.019},
Key = {fds252967}
}
@article{fds252977,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Interval timing with gaps and distracters: evaluation of the
ambiguity, switch, and time-sharing hypotheses.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {329-338},
Year = {2006},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16834500},
Abstract = {Gaps and distracters were presented during the timed signal
to examine whether the stop/reset mechanism is activated by
(a) changes in the timed signal (switch hypothesis), (b)
ITI-like events (ambiguity hypothesis), or (c) processes
concurrent with the timing process (time-sharing
hypothesis). While the switch and ambiguity hypotheses
predict that rats should time through (ignore) distracters,
the time-sharing hypothesis predicts that extraneous events
(e.g., gaps and distracters) delay timing by causing working
memory to decay in proportion to the events' salience. The
authors found that response functions were displaced by both
gaps and distracters, in accord with the time-sharing
hypothesis. Computer simulations show that the time-sharing
and memory-decay hypotheses can mechanistically address
present data, and reflect different levels of the same
model.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.32.3.329},
Key = {fds252977}
}
@article{fds252966,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {alpha7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and temporal
memory: synergistic effects of combining prenatal choline
and nicotine on reinforcement-induced resetting of an
interval clock.},
Journal = {Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {127-134},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1072-0502},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.31506},
Abstract = {We previously showed that prenatal choline supplementation
could increase the precision of timing and temporal memory
and facilitate simultaneous temporal processing in mature
and aged rats. In the present study, we investigated the
ability of adult rats to selectively control the
reinforcement-induced resetting of an internal clock as a
function of prenatal drug treatments designed to affect the
alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR). Male
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to prenatal choline (CHO),
nicotine (NIC), methyllycaconitine (MLA), choline + nicotine
(CHO + NIC), choline + nicotine + methyllycaconitine (CHO +
NIC + MLA), or a control treatment (CON). Beginning at
4-mo-of-age, rats were trained on a peak-interval timing
procedure in which food was available at 10-, 30-, and
90-sec criterion durations. At steady-state performance
there were no differences in timing accuracy, precision, or
resetting among the CON, MLA, and CHO + NIC + MLA
treatments. It was observed that the CHO and NIC treatments
produced a small, but significant increase in timing
precision, but no change in accuracy or resetting. In
contrast, the CHO + NIC prenatal treatment produced a
dramatic increase in timing precision and selective control
of the resetting mechanism with no change in overall timing
accuracy. The synergistic effect of combining prenatal CHO
and NIC treatments suggests an organizational change in
alpha7 nAChR function that is dependent upon a combination
of selective and nonselective nAChR stimulation during early
development.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.31506},
Key = {fds252966}
}
@article{fds252892,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Erratum: Neuropsychology of timing and time perception
(Brain and Cognition (2005) 58 (1-8) DOI:
10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.004)},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {103-104},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.002},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.002},
Key = {fds252892}
}
@article{fds252893,
Author = {Melgire, M and Ragot, R and Samson, S and Penney, TB and Meck, WH and Pouthas, V},
Title = {Erratum: Auditory/visual duration bisection in patients with
left or right medial-temporal lobe resection (Brain and
Cognition (2005) 58 (119-124) DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.013)},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {60},
Number = {1},
Pages = {105},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.003},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.003},
Key = {fds252893}
}
@article{fds252968,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Time sharing in rats: A peak-interval procedure with gaps
and distracters.},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {71},
Number = {2-3},
Pages = {107-115},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16413701},
Abstract = {Four hypotheses (switch, instructional-ambiguity, memory
decay, and time sharing) were evaluated in a reversed
peak-interval procedure with gaps by presenting distracter
stimuli during the uninterrupted timed signal. The switch,
instructional-ambiguity, and memory-decay hypotheses predict
that subjects should time through the distracter and delay
responding during gaps. The time-sharing hypothesis assumes
that the internal clock shares attentional and
working-memory resources with other processes, so that both
gaps and distracters delay timing by causing working memory
to decay. We found that response functions were displaced
both by gaps and by distracters. Computer simulations show
that when combined, the memory-decay and time-sharing
hypotheses can mechanistically address present data,
suggesting that these two hypotheses may reflect different
levels of analysis of the same phenomenon.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2005.11.017},
Key = {fds252968}
}
@article{fds252935,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Organizational effects of perinatal choline supplementation
on spatial exploration as a function of sex, time of day,
and aging},
Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds252935}
}
@article{fds252958,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential effects of clozapine and haloperidol on
interval timing in the supraseconds range.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {2},
Pages = {232-244},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16001114},
Abstract = {The effects of clozapine (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg/kg) and
haloperidol (0.03, 0.06, and 0.12 mg/kg) on the timing of
10, 30, and 90-s intervals were characterized in rats. Each
drug's effect on timing behavior was assessed following
intraperitoneal injections using a variant of the
peak-interval procedure. Although haloperidol
proportionately shifted peak times rightward in a manner
consistent with a decrease in clock speed, clozapine exerted
the opposite effect and proportionately shifted peak times
leftward in a manner consistent with an increase in clock
speed. These results support the proposal that typical
antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol and atypical
antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine exert differential
effects on dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic
systems within the cortex and striatum, two brain regions
shown to be crucial for interval timing.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00213-005-0074-8},
Key = {fds252958}
}
@article{fds252929,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of
interval timing.},
Journal = {Nature Reviews. Neuroscience},
Volume = {6},
Number = {10},
Pages = {755-765},
Year = {2005},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1471-003X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16163383},
Abstract = {Time is a fundamental dimension of life. It is crucial for
decisions about quantity, speed of movement and rate of
return, as well as for motor control in walking, speech,
playing or appreciating music, and participating in sports.
Traditionally, the way in which time is perceived,
represented and estimated has been explained using a
pacemaker-accumulator model that is not only
straightforward, but also surprisingly powerful in
explaining behavioural and biological data. However, recent
advances have challenged this traditional view. It is now
proposed that the brain represents time in a distributed
manner and tells the time by detecting the coincidental
activation of different neural populations.},
Doi = {10.1038/nrn1764},
Key = {fds252929}
}
@article{fds252890,
Author = {Lustig, C and Meck, WH},
Title = {Chronic treatment with haloperidol induces deficits in
working memory and feedback effects of interval
timing.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-16},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878723},
Abstract = {Normal participants (n=5) having no experience with
antipsychotic drugs and medicated participants (n=5) with
clinical experience with chronic low doses of haloperidol
(3-10 mg/day for 2-4 months) in the treatment of neuroses
were evaluated for the effects of inter-trial interval (ITI)
feedback on a discrete-trials peak-interval timing
procedure. Feedback was presented during the ITI in the form
of a histogram showing the distribution of the responses
participants made on the previous trial plotted on a
relative time scale. As feedback concerning the accuracy and
precision of a reproduced duration (e.g., 7- and 14-s visual
signals) became more remote in time, reproduced intervals
gradually lengthened in duration. This rightward horizontal
shift in peak time increased as a function of the
probability of feedback and was enhanced by chronic
treatment with haloperidol in a manner that was proportional
to the duration of the signal. Our data suggest a gradual
change in the underlying representation of the signal
duration as a function of the remoteness of ITI feedback
that is dependent upon both changes in working memory and
the speed of the internal clock used to time durations in
the seconds-to-minutes range.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.005},
Key = {fds252890}
}
@article{fds252891,
Author = {Penney, TB and Meck, WH and Roberts, SA and Gibbon, J and Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L},
Title = {Interval-timing deficits in individuals at high risk for
schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {109-118},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878731},
Abstract = {A duration-bisection procedure was used to study the effects
of signal modality and divided attention on duration
classification in participants at high genetic risk for
schizophrenia (HrSz), major affective disorder (HrAff), and
normal controls (NC). Participants learned short and long
target durations during training and classified probe
durations during test. All groups classified visual signals
as shorter than equivalent duration auditory signals.
However, the difference between auditory and visual signal
classification was significantly larger for the HrSz group
than for the NC group. We posit a model in which there is a
clock rate difference between auditory and visual signals
due to an attentional effect at the level of a mode switch
that gates pulses into an accumulator. This attentionally
mediated clock rate difference was larger for the HrSz
participants than for the NC participants, resulting in a
larger auditory/visual difference for the HrSz
group.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.012},
Key = {fds252891}
}
@article{fds252955,
Author = {Melgire, M and Ragot, R and Samson, S and Penney, TB and Meck, WH and Pouthas, V},
Title = {Auditory/visual duration bisection in patients with left or
right medial-temporal lobe resection.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {119-124},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878732},
Abstract = {Patients with unilateral (left or right) medial temporal
lobe lesions and normal control (NC) volunteers participated
in two experiments, both using a duration bisection
procedure. Experiment 1 assessed discrimination of auditory
and visual signal durations ranging from 2 to 8 s, in the
same test session. Patients and NC participants judged
auditory signals as longer than equivalent duration visual
signals. The difference between auditory and visual time
discrimination was equivalent for the three groups,
suggesting that a unilateral temporal lobe resection does
not modulate the modality effect. To document
interval-timing abilities after temporal lobe resection for
different duration ranges, Experiment 2 investigated the
discrimination of brief, 50-200 ms, auditory durations in
the same patients. Overall, patients with right temporal
lobe resection were found to have more variable duration
judgments across both signal modality and duration range.
These findings suggest the involvement of the right temporal
lobe at the level of the decision process in temporal
discriminations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.013},
Key = {fds252955}
}
@article{fds252957,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Neuropsychology of timing and time perception.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {58},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-8},
Year = {2005},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878722},
Abstract = {Interval timing in the range of milliseconds to minutes is
affected in a variety of neurological and psychiatric
populations involving disruption of the frontal cortex,
hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Our
understanding of these distortions in timing and time
perception are aided by the analysis of the sources of
variance attributable to clock, memory, decision, and
motor-control processes. The conclusion is that the
representation of time depends on the integration of
multiple neural systems that can be fruitfully studied in
selected patient populations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.004},
Key = {fds252957}
}
@article{fds252960,
Author = {Lustig, C and Matell, MS and Meck, WH},
Title = {Not "just" a coincidence: frontal-striatal interactions in
working memory and interval timing.},
Journal = {Memory (Hove, England)},
Volume = {13},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {441-448},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0965-8211},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15952263},
Abstract = {The frontal cortex and basal ganglia play central roles in
working memory and in the ability to time brief intervals.
We outline recent theoretical and empirical work to suggest
that working memory and interval timing rely not only on the
same anatomic structures, but also on the same neural
representation of a specific stimulus. Specifically,
cortical neurons may fire in an oscillatory fashion to form
representations of stimuli, and the striatum (a basal
ganglia structure) may detect those patterns of cortical
firing that occur co-incident to important events.
Information about stimulus identity can be extracted from
which cortical neurons are involved in the representation,
and information about duration can be extracted from their
relative phase. The principles derived from these
biologically based models also fit well with a family of
behaviourally based models that emphasise the importance of
time in many working memory phenomena.},
Doi = {10.1080/09658210344000404},
Key = {fds252960}
}
@article{fds252971,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Perera, D and Meck, WH},
Title = {Memory for timing visual and auditory signals in albino and
pigmented rats.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {18-30},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15656724},
Abstract = {The authors hypothesized that during a gap in a timed
signal, the time accumulated during the pregap interval
decays at a rate proportional to the perceived salience of
the gap, influenced by sensory acuity and signal intensity.
When timing visual signals, albino (Sprague-Dawley) rats,
which have poor visual acuity, stopped timing irrespective
of gap duration, whereas pigmented (Long-Evans) rats, which
have good visual acuity, stopped timing for short gaps but
reset timing for long gaps. Pigmented rats stopped timing
during a gap in a low-intensity visual signal and reset
after a gap in a high-intensity visual signal, suggesting
that memory for time in the gap procedure varies with the
perceived salience of the gap, possibly through an
attentional mechanism.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.31.1.18},
Key = {fds252971}
}
@article{fds304697,
Author = {Meck, WH and N'Diaye, K},
Title = {A neurobiological model for timing and time
perception},
Journal = {Psychologie Francaise},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-63},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2004.10.009},
Abstract = {Frontal-striatal circuits provide an important
neurobiological substrate for timing and time perception as
well as for working memory. In this review, we outline
recent theoretical and empirical work to suggest that
interval timing and working memory rely not only on the same
anatomic structures, but also on the same neural
representations of stimuli, and striatal medium spiny
neurons detect those patterns of cortical firing that occur
co-incident to important temporal events. Information about
stimulus identity can be extracted from the specific
cortical networks that are involved in the representation,
and information about duration can be extracted from the
relative phasee of neural firing. The properties derived
from these neurobiological models fit well with the
psychophysics of timing and time perception as well with
information-processing models that emphasize the importance
of temporal coding in a variety of workin-memory phenomena.
© 2004 Publié par Elsevier SAS pour Société française
de psychologie.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psfr.2004.10.009},
Key = {fds304697}
}
@article{fds252954,
Author = {Penney, TB and Meck, WH and Roberts, SA and Gibbon, J and Erlenmeyer
Kimling, L},
Title = {Attention mediated temporal processing deficits in subjects
at high risk for schizophrenia},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {58},
Pages = {109-118},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds252954}
}
@article{fds252956,
Author = {Meck, WH and N'Diaye, K},
Title = {Un modèle neurobiologique de la perception et de
l’estimation du temps},
Journal = {Psychologie Francaise},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-63},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2004.10.009},
Abstract = {Frontal-striatal circuits provide an important
neurobiological substrate for timing and time perception as
well as for working memory. In this review, we outline
recent theoretical and empirical work to suggest that
interval timing and working memory rely not only on the same
anatomic structures, but also on the same neural
representations of stimuli, and striatal medium spiny
neurons detect those patterns of cortical firing that occur
co-incident to important temporal events. Information about
stimulus identity can be extracted from the specific
cortical networks that are involved in the representation,
and information about duration can be extracted from the
relative phasee of neural firing. The properties derived
from these neurobiological models fit well with the
psychophysics of timing and time perception as well with
information-processing models that emphasize the importance
of temporal coding in a variety of workin-memory phenomena.
© 2004 Publié par Elsevier SAS pour Société
française de psychologie.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psfr.2004.10.009},
Key = {fds252956}
}
@article{fds252974,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Systems-level integration of interval timing and reaction
time.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {28},
Number = {7},
Pages = {747-769},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0149-7634},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15555682},
Abstract = {Reaction time (RT) procedures are a prominent tool for the
study of information processing by humans and other animals.
The interpretation of how RT changes after manipulating the
appropriate experimental variables has contributed to the
contemporary understanding of a variety of cognitive
constructs, including attention and memory. With the use of
properly designed tasks, evaluating how RT is modified in
response to various neural perturbations has become common
within the realms of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience.
One interesting observation made during both human and
animal RT experiments is that the RT to a signal often
speeds-up as more time is allotted to prepare for the
signal's onset-referred to as the preparatory interval (PI)
effect. In the human RT literature, the PI effect has been
used as evidence for time estimation playing a fundamental
role in the determination of RT. On the other hand, our
theoretical understanding of time estimation remains largely
divorced from the RT findings in the animal cognition
literature. In order to bridge these different perspectives,
we provide here a review of the behavioral parallels between
RT and interval-timing experiments. Moreover, both the PI
effect and interval timing are shown to be jointly
influenced by neuropathologies such as Parkinson's disease
in humans or dopamine-depleting brain lesions in
experimental animals. The primary goal of this review is to
consider human and animal RT experiments within the broader
context of interval timing. This is accomplished by first
integrating human RT theory with scalar timing theory-the
leading model of interval timing. Following this, both RT
and interval timing are discussed at a brain systems level
insofar as these two processes share common neural
substrates. Our conclusion is that interval timing and RT
processes are in fact two sides of the same
coin.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.007},
Key = {fds252974}
}
@article{fds252970,
Author = {Meck, WH and Malapani, C},
Title = {Neuroimaging of interval timing.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {133-137},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15464347},
Abstract = {Exactly how the brain is able to measure the durations of
events lasting from seconds to minutes while maintaining
time-scale invariance remains largely a mystery.
Neuroimaging studies are only now beginning to unravel the
nature of interval timing and reveal whether different
timing mechanisms are required for the perception and
production of sub- and supra-second intervals that can be
defined by different stimulus modalities. We here review the
impact that neuroimaging studies have had on the field of
timing and time perception and outline the major challenges
that remain to be addressed before a physiologically
realistic theory of interval timing can be established
involving cortico-striatal circuits.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.07.010},
Key = {fds252970}
}
@article{fds252972,
Author = {Matell, MS and Meck, WH},
Title = {Cortico-striatal circuits and interval timing: coincidence
detection of oscillatory processes.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {139-170},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15464348},
Abstract = {Humans and other animals demonstrate the ability to perceive
and respond to temporally relevant information with
characteristic behavioral properties. For example, the
response time distributions in peak-interval timing tasks
are well described by Gaussian functions, and superimpose
when scaled by the criterion duration. This superimposition
has been referred to as the scalar property and results from
the fact that the standard deviation of a temporal estimate
is proportional to the duration being timed. Various
psychological models have been proposed to account for such
responding. These models vary in their success in predicting
the temporal control of behavior as well as in the
neurobiological feasibility of the mechanisms they
postulate. A review of the major interval timing models
reveals that no current model is successful on both counts.
The neurobiological properties of the basal ganglia, an area
known to be necessary for interval timing and motor control,
suggests that this set of structures act as a coincidence
detector of cortical and thalamic input. The hypothesized
functioning of the basal ganglia is similar to the
mechanisms proposed in the beat frequency timing model [R.C.
Miall, Neural Computation 1 (1989) 359-371], leading to a
reevaluation of its capabilities in terms of behavioral
prediction. By implementing a probabilistic firing rule, a
dynamic response threshold, and adding variance to a number
of its components, simulations of the striatal beat
frequency model were able to produce output that is
functionally equivalent to the expected behavioral response
form of peak-interval timing procedures.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.06.012},
Key = {fds252972}
}
@article{fds252975,
Author = {Hinton, SC and Meck, WH},
Title = {Frontal-striatal circuitry activated by human peak-interval
timing in the supra-seconds range.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {171-182},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15464349},
Abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to
measure the location and intensity of brain activations when
participants time an 11-s signal duration. The experiment
evaluated six healthy adult male participants who performed
the peak-interval timing procedure in variants of stimulus
modality (auditory or visual) and condition (foreground or
background: i.e., whether the presence or absence of the
stimulus is the signal to be timed). The complete
experimental design called for each signal variant to be
used across four behavioral tasks presented in the following
order: control, timing+motor, timing, and motor. In the
control task, participants passively experienced the
stimuli. The timing+motor and timing tasks were preceded by
five fixed-time training trials in which participants
learned the 11-s signal they would subsequently reproduce.
In the timing+motor task, participants made two motor
responses centered around their subjective estimate of the
criterion time. For the timing task, participants were
instructed to time internally without making a motor
response. The motor task had participants make two cued
responses that were not determined by the participant's
sense of the passage of time. Neuroimaging data from the
timing+motor and timing tasks showed activation of the
frontal cortex, striatum and thalamus--none of which was
apparent in the control or motor tasks. These results,
combined with other peak-interval procedure data from drug
and lesion studies in animals as well as behavioral results
in human patient populations with striatal damage, support
the involvement of frontal-striatal circuitry in human
interval timing.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.08.005},
Key = {fds252975}
}
@article{fds252993,
Author = {Brannon, EM and Roussel, LW and Meck, WH and Woldorff,
M},
Title = {Timing in the baby brain.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {227-233},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15464354},
Abstract = {Ten-month-old infants and adults were tested in an auditory
oddball paradigm in which 50-ms tones were separated by 1500
ms (standard interval) and occasionally 500 ms (deviant
interval). Both infants and adults showed marked brain
responses to the tone that followed a deviant inter-stimulus
interval (ISI). Specifically, the timing-deviance
event-related-potential (ERP) difference waves (deviant-ISI
ERP minus standard-ISI ERP) yielded a significant,
fronto-centrally distributed, mismatch negativity (MMN) in
the latency range of 120-240 ms post-stimulus for infants
and 110-210 ms for adults. A robust, longer latency,
deviance-related positivity was also obtained for infants
(330-520 ms), with a much smaller and later deviance-related
positivity observed for adults (585-705 ms). These results
suggest that the 10-month-old infant brain has already
developed some of the same mechanisms as adults for
detecting deviations in the timing of stimulus
events.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.007},
Key = {fds252993}
}
@article{fds252969,
Author = {Mellott, TJ and Williams, CL and Meck, WH and Blusztajn,
JK},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation advances hippocampal
development and enhances MAPK and CREB activation.},
Journal = {Faseb Journal},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {545-547},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715695},
Abstract = {Choline is an essential nutrient for animals and humans.
Previous studies showed that supplementing the maternal diet
with choline during the second half of gestation in rats
permanently enhances memory performance of the adult
offspring. Here we show that prenatal choline
supplementation causes a 3-day advancement in the ability of
juvenile rats to use relational cues in a water maze task,
indicating that the treatment accelerates hippocampal
maturation. Moreover, phosphorylation and therefore
activation of hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in
response to stimulation by glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate,
or depolarizing concentrations of K+ were increased by
prenatal choline supplementation and reduced by prenatal
choline deficiency. These data provide the first evidence
that developmental plasticity of the hippocampal MAPK and
CREB signaling pathways is controlled by the supply of a
single essential nutrient, choline, during fetal development
and point to these pathways as candidate mechanisms for the
developmental and long-term cognitive enhancement induced by
prenatal choline supplementation.},
Doi = {10.1096/fj.03-0877fje},
Key = {fds252969}
}
@article{fds304696,
Author = {Matell, MS and King, GR and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential modulation of clock speed by the administration
of intermittent versus continuous cocaine.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1},
Pages = {150-156},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14979791},
Abstract = {The roles that psychostimulant sensitization and tolerance
play in temporal perception in the seconds-to-minutes range
were assessed in rats. Cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) was
administered for 2 weeks either intermittently via daily
injections (induces sensitization) or continuously via an
osmotic minipump (induces tolerance). Interval timing was
evaluated throughout administration and withdrawal.
Injections of cocaine caused immediate, proportional,
leftward shifts in peak times, indicating an increase in the
speed of an internal clock. These shifts grew progressively
larger with repeated administration, indicating that
stimulant-induced increases in clock speed can be
sensitized. Continuous cocaine administration produced no
reliable effects. These results suggest that the mechanisms
of sensitization may play a considerable role in
drug-induced alterations of the perception of
time.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.118.1.150},
Key = {fds304696}
}
@article{fds252973,
Author = {Matell, MS and King, GR and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential adjustment of interval timing by the chronic
administation of intermittent or continuous
cocaine},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1},
Pages = {150-156},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14979791},
Abstract = {The roles that psychostimulant sensitization and tolerance
play in temporal perception in the seconds-to-minutes range
were assessed in rats. Cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) was
administered for 2 weeks either intermittently via daily
injections (induces sensitization) or continuously via an
osmotic minipump (induces tolerance). Interval timing was
evaluated throughout administration and withdrawal.
Injections of cocaine caused immediate, proportional,
leftward shifts in peak times, indicating an increase in the
speed of an internal clock. These shifts grew progressively
larger with repeated administration, indicating that
stimulant-induced increases in clock speed can be
sensitized. Continuous cocaine administration produced no
reliable effects. These results suggest that the mechanisms
of sensitization may play a considerable role in
drug-induced alterations of the perception of
time.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.118.1.150},
Key = {fds252973}
}
@article{fds252994,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Metabolic imprinting of choline by its availability during
gestation: implications for memory and attentional
processing across the lifespan.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {385-399},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0149-7634},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12946691},
Abstract = {A growing body of research supports the view that choline is
an essential nutrient during early development that has
long-lasting effects on memory and attentional processes
throughout the lifespan. This review describes the known
effects of alterations in dietary choline availability both
in adulthood and during early development. Although modest
effects of choline on cognitive processes have been reported
when choline is administered to adult animals, we have found
that the perinatal period is a critical time for cholinergic
organization of brain function. Choline supplementation
during this period increases memory capacity and precision
of the young adult and appears to prevent age-related memory
and attentional decline. Deprivation of choline during early
development leads to compromised cognitive function and
increased decline with age. We propose that this
organizational effect of choline availability may be due to
relatively permanent alterations in the functioning of the
cholinergic synapse, which we have called 'metabolic
imprinting'.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00069-1},
Key = {fds252994}
}
@article{fds252976,
Author = {Matell, MS and Meck, WH and Nicolelis, MAL},
Title = {Interval timing and the encoding of signal duration by
ensembles of cortical and striatal neurons.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {117},
Number = {4},
Pages = {760-773},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12931961},
Abstract = {This study investigated the firing patterns of striatal and
cortical neurons in rats in a temporal generalization task.
Striatal and cortical ensembles were recorded in rats
trained to lever press at 2 possible criterion durations (10
s or 40 s from tone onset). Twenty-two percent of striatal
and 15% of cortical cells had temporally specific
modulations in their firing rate, firing at a significantly
different rate around 10 s compared with 40 s. On 80% of
trials, a post hoc analysis of the trial-by-trial
consistency of the firing rates of an ensemble of neurons
predicted whether a spike train came from a time window
around 10 s versus around 40 s. Results suggest that
striatal and cortical neurons encode specific durations in
their firing rate and thereby serve as components of a
neural circuit used to represent duration.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.117.4.760},
Key = {fds252976}
}
@article{fds252997,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Sasaki, A and Meck, WH},
Title = {Temporal integration as a function of signal and gap
intensity in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and pigeons (Columba
livia).},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {116},
Number = {4},
Pages = {381-390},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0735-7036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12539934},
Abstract = {Previous data suggest that rats (Rattus norvegicus) and
pigeons (Columba livia) use different interval-timing
strategies when a gap interrupts a to-be-timed signal: Rats
stop timing during the gap, and pigeons reset their timing
mechanism after the gap. To examine whether the response
rule is controlled by an attentional mechanism dependent on
the characteristics of the stimuli, the authors manipulated
the intensity of the signal and gap when rats and pigeons
timed in the gap procedure. Results suggest that both rats
and pigeons stop timing during a nonsalient gap and reset
timing after a salient gap. These results also suggest that
both species use similar interval-timing mechanisms,
influenced by nontemporal characteristics of the signal and
gap.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7036.116.4.381},
Key = {fds252997}
}
@article{fds252992,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential effects of methamphetamine and haloperidol on
the control of an internal clock.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {116},
Number = {2},
Pages = {291-297},
Year = {2002},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11996314},
Abstract = {Humans and animals process temporal information as if they
were using an internal stopwatch that can be stopped and
reset, and whose speed is adjustable. Previous data suggest
that dopaminergic drugs affect the speed of this internal
stopwatch. Using a paradigm in which rats have to filter out
the gaps that (sometimes) interrupted timing, the authors
found that methamphetamine and haloperidol also affect the
stop and reset mechanism of the internal clock, possibly by
modulating attentional components that are dependent on the
content and salience of the timed events. This is the first
report of both clock and attentional effects of dopaminergic
drugs on interval timing in the same experimental
setting.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.116.2.291},
Key = {fds252992}
}
@article{fds252990,
Author = {Meck, WH and Benson, AM},
Title = {Dissecting the brain's internal clock: how frontal-striatal
circuitry keeps time and shifts attention.},
Journal = {Brain and Cognition},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {195-211},
Year = {2002},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0278-2626},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11812042},
Abstract = {The ability of organisms to time and coordinate temporal
sequences of events and to select particular aspects of
their internal and external environments to which they will
attend is vital to the organism's ability to adapt to the
world around them. Numerous psychological theories have been
proposed that describe how organisms might accomplish such
stimulus selection and represent discrete temporal events as
well as rhythm production. In addition, a large number of
studies have demonstrated that damage to the frontostriatal
circuitry appears to compromise the ability of organisms to
successfully shift attention and behavior to adapt to
changing temporal contexts. This suggests that
frontostriatal circuitry is involved in the ability to make
such shifts and to process temporal intervals. A selective
review is accomplished in this article which focuses upon
the specific neural mechanisms that may be involved in
interval timing and set shifting. It is concluded that
prefrontal cortex, substantia nigra pars compacta,
pedunculopontine nucleus, and the direct and indirect
pathways from the caudate to the thalamus may provide the
neuroanatomical and neurophysiological substrates that
underlie the organism's ability to shift its attention from
one temporal context to another.},
Doi = {10.1006/brcg.2001.1313},
Key = {fds252990}
}
@article{fds252991,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Choline uptake in the frontal cortex is proportional to the
absolute error of a temporal memory translation constant in
mature and aged rats},
Journal = {Learning and Motivation},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88-104},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0023-9690},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lmot.2001.1101},
Abstract = {The relationship between the magnitude of the error in the
content of temporal memory and sodium-dependent
high-affinity choline uptake (SDHACU) in the frontal cortex
and hippocampus was examined in mature (10- to 16-month-old)
and aged (24- to 30-month-old) male rats. The peak time of
the response rate distribution that relates the probability
of a response to signal duration in a 20-s peak-interval
timing procedure was used to index the remembered time of
reinforcement. Regression analyses indicated that SDHACU in
the frontal cortex of both mature and aged rats and in the
hippocampus of aged rats is proportional to the absolute
error in the content of temporal memory. These biochemical
effects of peak-interval training were also compared with
biochemical measures taken from control rats that received
random-interval training. This comparison indicated that the
observed changes in SDHACU were dependent upon the
predictability of the programmed time of reinforcement and
age-related changes in memory encoding and retrieval. ©
2002 Elsevier Science (USA).},
Doi = {10.1006/lmot.2001.1101},
Key = {fds252991}
}
@article{fds252996,
Author = {Lustig, C and Meck, WH},
Title = {Paying attention to time as one gets older.},
Journal = {Psychological Science},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {478-484},
Year = {2001},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0956-7976},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11760135},
Abstract = {Age-related changes in attention and interval timing as a
function of time of day were examined using a temporal
bisection task with single and compound auditory and visual
stimuli. Half of the participants in each age group were
tested in the morning, and half were tested in the
afternoon. Duration judgments were found to be shorter for
visual signals than for auditory signals. This discrepancy
was greater in the morning than in the afternoon and larger
for the older than for the younger adults. Young adults
showed equal sensitivity to signal duration for single and
compound trials and higher sensitivity in the afternoon than
in the morning for both signal modalities. In contrast,
older adults showed impaired sensitivity on compound trials
and the greatest sensitivity overall to single visual trials
in the morning. These results suggest that age-related
reductions in attentional resources may cause older adults
to focus on signals that require controlled attention during
specific phases of the circadian cycle.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.00389},
Key = {fds252996}
}
@article{fds252987,
Author = {Lustig, C and Meck, WH},
Title = {Chronic treatment with haloperidol induces working memory
deficits in feedback effects of interval
timing},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {Suppl},
Pages = {89},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds252987}
}
@article{fds252988,
Author = {Sasaki, A and Wetsel, WC and Rodriguiz, RM and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Timing of the acoustic startle response in mice: Habituation
and dishabituation as a function of the interstimulus
interval},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {258-268},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds252988}
}
@article{fds252989,
Author = {Mohler, EG and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Sustained Attention in Adult Mice is Modulated by Prenatal
Choline Availability},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {136-150},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds252989}
}
@article{fds252995,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Interval timing and genomics: What makes mutant mice
tick?},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {211-231},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds252995}
}
@article{fds252983,
Author = {Penney, TB and Gibbon, J and Meck, WH},
Title = {Differential effects of auditory and visual signals on clock
speed and temporal memory.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and
Performance},
Volume = {26},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1770-1787},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0096-1523},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11129373},
Abstract = {The effects of signal modality on duration classification in
college students were studied with the duration bisection
task. When auditory and visual signals were presented in the
same test session and shared common anchor durations, visual
signals were classified as shorter than equivalent duration
auditory signals. This occurred when auditory and visual
signals were presented sequentially in the same test session
and when presented simultaneously but asynchronously.
Presentation of a single modality signal within a test
session, or both modalities but with different anchor
durations did not result in classification differences. The
authors posit a model in which auditory and visual signals
drive an internal clock at different rates. The clock rate
difference is due to an attentional effect on the mode
switch and is revealed only when the memories for the short
and long anchor durations consist of a mix of contributions
from accumulations generated by both the fast auditory and
slower visual clock rates. When this occurs auditory signals
seem longer than visual signals relative to the composite
memory representation.},
Doi = {10.1037//0096-1523.26.6.1770},
Key = {fds252983}
}
@article{fds252984,
Author = {Montoya, DA and White, AM and Williams, CL and Blusztajn, JK and Meck,
WH and Swartzwelder, HS},
Title = {Prenatal choline exposure alters hippocampal responsiveness
to cholinergic stimulation in adulthood.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research},
Volume = {123},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-32},
Year = {2000},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0165-3806},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11020547},
Abstract = {Manipulation of dietary choline levels during gestation
results in enduring neurobehavioral changes in offspring
that last into adulthood. Alterations of hippocampal
function and memory are among the most striking changes.
Depending upon the measures assessed, prenatal choline
supplementation tends to promote excitatory synaptic
efficacy in hippocampal circuits while prenatal choline
deficiency diminishes it. However, the mechanisms underlying
these changes remain unclear. Transverse hippocampal slices
were prepared from adult offspring of dams fed choline
supplemented, choline deficient, or control diets. We
assessed paired-pulse inhibition, and excitatory synaptic
responsiveness before and after activation of cholinergic
receptors with Carbachol. Prenatally choline deficient
animals yielded significantly fewer electrophysiological
viable hippocampal slices than did animals from either of
the other two treatment groups. Among the slices tested,
there were no differences in paired pulse inhibition between
the treatment groups. However, transient cholinergic
activation resulted in a prolonged enhancement of the
amplitude of the population EPSP (pEPSP) response in slices
from prenatally choline supplemented animals. These results
suggest that GABA receptor-mediated inhibition remains
intact after prenatal choline manipulations, and that
enhancement of the excitatory responsiveness of hippocampal
circuits in slices from prenatally choline supplemented rats
may be related in part to an increase in cholinergic tone
within the CA1 circuit.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0165-3806(00)00075-4},
Key = {fds252984}
}
@article{fds252986,
Author = {Buhusi, CV and Meck, WH},
Title = {Timing for the absence of a stimulus: the gap paradigm
reversed.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {26},
Number = {3},
Pages = {305-322},
Year = {2000},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10913995},
Abstract = {Contrary to data showing sensitivity to nontemporal
properties of timed signals, current theories of interval
timing assume that animals can use the presence or absence
of a signal as equally valid cues as long as duration is the
most predictive feature. Consequently, the authors examined
rats' behavior when timing the absence of a visual or
auditory stimulus in trace conditioning and in a "reversed"
gap procedure. Memory for timing was tested by presenting
the stimulus as a reversed gap into its timed absence.
Results suggest that in trace conditioning (Experiment 1),
rats time for the absence of a stimulus by using its offset
as a time marker. As in the standard gap procedure, the
insertion of a reversed gap was expected to "stop" rats'
internal clock. In contrast, a reversed gap of 1-, 5-, or
15-s duration "reset" the timing process in both trace
conditioning (Experiment 2) and the reversed gap procedure
(Experiment 3). A direct comparison of the standard and
reversed gap procedures (Experiment 4) supported these
findings. Results suggest that attentional mechanisms
involving the salience or content of the gap might
contribute to the response rule adopted in a gap
procedure.},
Doi = {10.1037//0097-7403.26.3.305},
Key = {fds252986}
}
@article{fds252985,
Author = {Matell, MS and Meck, WH},
Title = {Neuropsychological mechanisms of interval timing
behavior.},
Journal = {Bioessays},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {94-103},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0265-9247},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10649295},
Abstract = {Interval timing in the seconds-to-minutes range is believed
to underlie a variety of complex behaviors in humans and
other animals. One of the more interesting problems in
interval timing is trying to understand how the brain times
events lasting for minutes with millisecond-based neural
processes. Timing models proposing the use of
coincidence-detection mechanisms (e.g., the detection of
simultaneous activity across multiple neural inputs) appear
to be the most compatible with known neural mechanisms. From
an evolutionary perspective, coincidence detection of
neuronal activity may be a fundamental mechanism of timing
that is expressed across a wide variety of species.
BioEssays 22:94-103, 2000.},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(200001)22:1<94::aid-bies14>3.0.co;2-},
Key = {fds252985}
}
@article{fds252982,
Author = {Williams, CL and Wong, RW and Zeisel, SH and Mar, MH and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Supplementation with methyl group donors, folate or choline
during late pregnancy in rats improves visuospatial memory
performance of the offspring},
Journal = {Teratology},
Volume = {61},
Pages = {462},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds252982}
}
@article{fds252980,
Author = {Jones, JP and Meck, WH and Williams, CL and Wilson, WA and Swartzwelder,
HS},
Title = {Choline availability to the developing rat fetus alters
adult hippocampal long-term potentiation.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {159-167},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0165-3806},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10611515},
Abstract = {Supplementation with choline during pregnancy in rats causes
a long-lasting improvement of visuospatial memory of the
offspring. To determine if the behavioral effects of choline
are related to physiological changes in hippocampus, the
effect of perinatal choline supplementation or deficiency on
long-term potentiation (LTP) was examined in hippocampal
slices of 6-8 and 12-14 month old rats born to dams
consuming a control, choline-supplemented, or a choline-free
diet during pregnancy. Stimulating and recording electrodes
were placed in stratum radiatum of area CA1 to record
extracellular population excitatory postsynaptic potentials
(pEPSPs). To induce LTP, a theta-like stimulus train was
generated. The amplitude of the stimulus pulses was set at
either 10% or 50% of the stimulus intensity which had
induced the maximal pEPSP slope on the input/output curve.
We found that at both ages, a significantly smaller
percentage of slices from perinatally choline-deficient rats
displayed LTP after 10% stimulus intensity (compared with
control and choline-supplemented rats), and a significantly
larger percentage of slices from choline-supplemented rats
displayed LTP at 50% stimulus intensity (compared with
control and choline-deficient rats). Results reveal that
alterations in the availability of dietary choline during
discrete periods of development lead to changes in
hippocampal electrophysiology that last well into adulthood.
These changes in LTP threshold may underlie the observed
enhancement of visuospatial memory seen after prenatal
choline supplementation and point to the importance of
choline intake during pregnancy for development of brain and
memory function.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00103-0},
Key = {fds252980}
}
@article{fds253043,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Choline supplementation during prenatal development reduces
proactive interference in spatial memory.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {51-59},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0165-3806},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10611503},
Abstract = {Previous research has demonstrated that increasing dietary
choline during early development can have long-lasting
effects on cholinergic (Ch) function that are correlated
with improvement of spatial memory ability in rats. The
present study is designed to further our understanding of
these organizational changes in brain and behavior by
examining the effects of spaced vs. massed trials. A third
of the rats (n=10) were supplemented with choline chloride
prenatally by adding it to the drinking water of their dams.
Another third were made deficient of choline during early
development by removing choline from the dams diet. The
remaining rats served as untreated controls. Postnatally,
the offspring were maintained on a choline-sufficient diet
and at 120 days of age they began 12-arm radial maze
training. The maze data revealed two major effects of early
choline availability: (1) Both choline-supplemented and
choline-deficient rats performed more accurately than
control littermates when trials were spaced. These
differences in spatial ability did not appear to be a
function of differential response or cue-use strategies. (2)
Choline-supplemented rats showed little proactive
interference when trials were massed; whereas control rats
demonstrated moderate levels and choline-deficient rats
exhibited high levels of proactive interference as a
function of massed trials. These data suggest that the
behavioral consequences of early dietary availability of
choline may involve the modification of the discriminative
abilities used to attend to stimuli that demarcate the end
of one trial and the start of another as well as the
capacity for remembering the locations that have been
visited during a trial.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00105-4},
Key = {fds253043}
}
@article{fds252978,
Author = {Paule, MG and Meck, WH and McMillan, DE and McClure, GY and Bateson, M and Popke, EJ and Chelonis, JJ and Hinton, SC},
Title = {The use of timing behaviors in animals and humans to detect
drug and/or toxicant effects.},
Journal = {Neurotoxicology and Teratology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {5},
Pages = {491-502},
Year = {1999},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0892-0362},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10492384},
Abstract = {Behavioral paradigms applicable for use in both human and
nonhuman subjects for investigating aspects of timing
behavior are presented with a view towards exploring their
strengths, weaknesses, and utility in a variety of
experimental situations. Tri-peak, peak interval,
differential reinforcement of low rate responding, and
temporal response differentiation procedures are
highlighted. In addition, the application of timing tasks in
preclinical and clinical settings is discussed:
pharmacological manipulations are providing information on
the neurotransmitters involved and species differences;
normative data for children are being developed; and
noninvasive imaging procedures are being employed in adult
human subjects to explore the involvement of specific brain
areas.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00015-x},
Key = {fds252978}
}
@article{fds252979,
Author = {Matell, MS and Meck, WH},
Title = {Reinforcement-induced within-trial resetting of an internal
clock.},
Journal = {Behavioural Processes},
Volume = {45},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {159-171},
Year = {1999},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00016-9},
Abstract = {Rats were trained on a modified peak-interval timing
procedure in which three response levers were individually
associated with different criterion durations (10, 30 and 90
s) following the onset of a tone stimulus. Delivery of
response-dependent reinforcement for each duration was
independent of both the responding and the delivery of
reinforcement for the other durations, such that the tone
stimulus stayed on during food delivery, and no change in
the primed reinforcement times occurred. We report here that
the delivery of reinforcement at an earlier criterion
duration produces a rightward shift in the temporal response
functions for later durations by the amount of time that has
already elapsed in the trial. This reset in temporal
accumulation produces large discrepancies between the
programmed and expected (peak) times of reinforcement and
suggests that rats are unable to make conditional
reinforcement-based discriminations of interval
duration.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00016-9},
Key = {fds252979}
}
@article{fds252981,
Author = {Cermak, JM and Blusztajn, JK and Meck, WH and Williams, CL and Fitzgerald, CM and Rosene, DL and Loy, R},
Title = {Prenatal availability of choline alters the development of
acetylcholinesterase in the rat hippocampus.},
Journal = {Developmental Neuroscience},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {94-104},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0378-5866},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10449981},
Abstract = {Choline (Ch) supplementation during embryonic days (ED)
12-17 enhances spatial and temporal memory in adult and aged
rats, whereas prenatal Ch deficiency impairs attention
performance and accelerates age-related declines in temporal
processing. To characterize the neurochemical and
neuroanatomical mechanisms that may mediate these behavioral
effects in rats, we studied the development [postnatal days
(PD) 1, 3, 7, 17, 27, 35, 90, and 26 months postnatally] of
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus,
neocortex and striatum as a function of prenatal Ch
availability. We further measured the density of
AChE-positive laminae (PD27 and PD90) and interneurons
(PD20) in the hippocampus as a function of prenatal Ch
availability. During ED11-ED17 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats
received a Ch-deficient, control or Ch-supplemented diet
(average Ch intake 0, 1.3 and 4.6 mmol/kg/day,
respectively). Prenatal Ch deficiency increased hippocampal
AChE activity as compared to control animals in both males
and females from the 2nd to 5th week postnatally. Moreover,
prenatal Ch supplementation reduced hippocampal AChE
activity as compared to control animals over the same
developmental period. There was no effect of prenatal Ch
status on either cortical or striatal AChE activity at any
age measured, and by PD90 the effect of Ch on hippocampal
AChE was no longer observed. In order to localize the early
changes in hippocampal AChE activity anatomically, frozen
coronal brain sections (PD20, PD27, PD90) were stained
histochemically for AChE. Consistent with biochemical
results, the AChE staining intensity was reduced in PD27
hippocampal laminae in the Ch-supplemented group and
increased in the Ch-deficient group compared to control
animals. There was no effect of the diet on hippocampal AChE
staining intensity on PD90. In addition, the prenatal Ch
availability was found to alter the size and density of
AChE-positive PD20 interneurons. These results show that
prenatal Ch availability has long-term consequences on the
development of the hippocampal cholinergic
system.},
Doi = {10.1159/000017371},
Key = {fds252981}
}
@article{fds252886,
Author = {Meck, WH and Hinton, SC and Matell, MS},
Title = {Coincidence-detection models of interval timing: Evidence
from fMRI studies of cortico-striatal circuits},
Journal = {Neuroimage},
Volume = {7},
Number = {4 PART II},
Pages = {S281},
Year = {1998},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds252886}
}
@article{fds253002,
Author = {Levin, ED and Conners, CK and Silva, D and Hinton, SC and Meck, WH and March, J and Rose, JE},
Title = {Transdermal nicotine effects on attention.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {140},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-141},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9860103},
Abstract = {Nicotine has been shown to improve attentiveness in smokers
and attenuate attentional deficits in Alzheimer's disease
patients, schizophrenics and adults with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current
study was conducted to determine whether nicotine
administered via transdermal patches would improve
attentiveness in non-smoking adults without attentional
deficits. The subjects underwent the nicotine and placebo
exposure in a counterbalanced double-blind manner. Measures
of treatment effect included the Profile of Mood States
(POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance Test
(CPT) of attentiveness and a computerized interval-timing
task. The subjects were administered a 7 mg/day nicotine
transdermal patch for 4.5 h during a morning session.
Nicotine significantly increased self-perceived vigor as
measured by the POMS test. On the CPT, nicotine
significantly decreased the number of errors of omission
without causing increases in either errors of commission or
correct hit reaction time. Nicotine also significantly
decreased the variance of hit reaction time and the
composite measure of attentiveness. This study shows that,
in addition to reducing attentional impairment, nicotine
administered via transdermal patches can improve
attentiveness in normal adult non-smokers.},
Doi = {10.1007/s002130050750},
Key = {fds253002}
}
@article{fds252998,
Author = {Williams, CL and Meck, WH and Heyer, DD and Loy, R},
Title = {Hypertrophy of basal forebrain neurons and enhanced
visuospatial memory in perinatally choline-supplemented
rats.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {794},
Number = {2},
Pages = {225-238},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9622639},
Abstract = {The effects of choline supplementation during two
time-frames of early development on radial-arm maze
performance and the morphology of basal forebrain neurons
immunoreactive for the P75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) in
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. In the
first experiment, rats were supplemented with choline
chloride from conception until weaning. At 80 days of age,
subjects were trained once a day on a 12-arm radial maze for
30 days. Compared to control littermates, supplemented rats
made fewer working and reference memory errors; however, the
memory enhancing effects of choline supplementation were
greater in males than females. A morphometric analysis of
NTR-immunoreactive cell bodies at three levels through the
medial septum/diagonal band (MS/DBv) of these rats revealed
that perinatal choline supplementation caused the somata of
cells in the MS/DBv to be larger by 8-15%. In a second
experiment, choline supplementation was restricted to
embryonic days 12-17. A developmental profile of NTR
immunoreactive cell bodies in the MS/DBv of 0-, 8-, 16-, 30-
and 90-day old male and female rats again revealed that cell
bodies were larger in choline-supplemented rats than
controls. As in the behavioral studies, the effect of
choline supplementation was greater in male than female
rats. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that
supplementation with choline chloride during early
development leads to an increase in the size of cell bodies
of NTR-immunoreactive cells in the basal forebrain and that
this change may contribute to long-term improvement in
spatial memory.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00229-7},
Key = {fds252998}
}
@article{fds253001,
Author = {Malapani, C and Rakitin, B and Levy, R and Meck, WH and Deweer, B and Dubois, B and Gibbon, J},
Title = {Coupled temporal memories in Parkinson's disease: a
dopamine-related dysfunction.},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {316-331},
Year = {1998},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0898-929X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9869707},
Abstract = {Dysfunction of the basal ganglia and the brain nuclei
interconnected with them leads to disturbances of movement
and cognition, including disordered timing of movement and
perceptual timing deficits. Patients with Parkinson's
disease (PD) were studied in temporal reproduction tasks. We
examined PD patients when brain dopamine (DA) transmission
was impaired (OFF state) and when DA transmission was
reestablished, at the time of maximal clinical benefit
following administration of levodopa + apomorphine (ON
state). Patients reproduced target times of 8 and 21 sec
trained in blocked trials with the peak interval procedure,
which were veridical in the ON state, comparable to
normative performance by healthy young and aged controls
(Experiment 1). In the OFF state, temporal reproduction was
impaired in both accuracy and precision (variance). The
8-sec signal was reproduced as longer and the 21-sec signal
was reproduced as shorter than they actually were
(Experiment 1). This "migration" effect was dependent upon
training of two different durations. When PD patients were
trained on 21 sec only (Experiment 2), they showed a
reproduction error in the long direction, opposite to the
error produced under the dual training condition of
Experiment 1. The results are discussed as a mutual
attraction between temporal processing systems, in memory
and clock stages, when dopaminergic regulation in the
striatum is dysfunctional.},
Doi = {10.1162/089892998562762},
Key = {fds253001}
}
@article{fds253000,
Author = {Pyapali, GK and Turner, DA and Williams, CL and Meck, WH and Swartzwelder, HS},
Title = {Prenatal dietary choline supplementation decreases the
threshold for induction of long-term potentiation in young
adult rats.},
Journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1790-1796},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-3077},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535948},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation during gestation in rats leads to
augmentation of spatial memory in adulthood. We hypothesized
that prenatal (E12-E17) choline supplementation in the rat
would lead to an enhancement of hippocampal synaptic
plasticity as assessed by long-term potentiation (LTP) at
3-4 mo of age. LTP was assessed blindly in area CA1 of
hippocampal slices with first suprathreshold (above
threshold for LTP generation in control slices) theta-burst
stimulus trains. The magnitude of potentiation after these
stimuli was not different between slices from control and
prenatally choline supplemented animals. Next, threshold
(reliably leading to LTP generation in control slices) or
subthreshold theta-burst stimulus trains were applied to
slices from control, prenatally choline-supplemented, and
prenatally choline-deprived rats. Threshold level stimulus
trains induced LTP in slices from both the control and
choline-supplemented rats but not in those from the
choline-deficient rats. Subthreshold stimulus trains led to
LTP induction in slices from prenatally choline-supplemented
rats only. These observations indicate that prenatal dietary
manipulation of the amino acid, choline, leads to subsequent
significant alterations of LTP induction threshold in adult
animals.},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1790},
Key = {fds253000}
}
@article{fds252887,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {233},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00031-1},
Doi = {10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00031-1},
Key = {fds252887}
}
@article{fds252999,
Author = {Rakitin, BC and Gibbon, J and Penney, TB and Malapani, C and Hinton, SC and Meck, WH},
Title = {Scalar expectancy theory and peak-interval timing in
humans.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-33},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438963},
Abstract = {The properties of the internal clock, temporal memory, and
decision processes used to time short durations were
investigated. The peak-interval procedure was used to
evaluate the timing of 8-, 12-, and 21-s intervals, and
analyses were conducted on the mean response functions and
on individual trials. A distractor task prevented counting,
and visual feedback on accuracy and precision was provided
after each trial. Mean response distributions were (a)
centered at the appropriate real-time criteria, (b) highly
symmetrical, and (c) scalar in their variability. Analysis
of individual trials indicated more memory variability
relative to response threshold variability. Taken together,
these results demonstrate that humans show the same
qualitative timing properties that other animals do, but
with some quantitative differences.},
Doi = {10.1037//0097-7403.24.1.15},
Key = {fds252999}
}
@article{fds252884,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Chapter 4 Application of a mode-control model of temporal
integration to counting and timing behavior},
Journal = {Advances in Psychology},
Volume = {120},
Number = {C},
Pages = {133-184},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0166-4115},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80056-8},
Doi = {10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80056-8},
Key = {fds252884}
}
@article{fds252885,
Author = {Hinton, SC and Meck, WH},
Title = {Chapter 10 How time flies: Functional and neural mechanisms
of interval timing},
Journal = {Advances in Psychology},
Volume = {120},
Number = {C},
Pages = {409-457},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0166-4115},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80062-3},
Doi = {10.1016/S0166-4115(97)80062-3},
Key = {fds252885}
}
@article{fds253003,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Simultaneous temporal processing is sensitive to prenatal
choline availability in mature and aged rats.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {8},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3045-3051},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9331912},
Abstract = {Rats were trained at 2-4 months and at 24-26 months of age
on a peak-interval timing procedure in which auditory and
visual stimuli signaled two different fixed-interval
schedules of reinforcement (15 and 30 s) that were presented
simultaneously in a hierarchical fashion. Compared with
control rats, increases in the probability of attention to
the 15 s signal were observed for both the
choline-supplemented and the choline-deficient rats. In
contrast, an increase in attention to the 30 s signal was
only observed for the choline-supplemented rats, whereas
choline-deficient rats exhibited a decrease in attention
that increased with age. Proportional rightward shifts in
the remembered times of reinforcement emerged for the
24-26-month-old rats in the choline-deficient and control
groups, but not in the choline-supplemented group. These
results indicate that prenatal choline supplementation
facilitates cognitive function across the lifespan, whereas
prenatal choline deficiency impairs divided attention and
accelerates age-related declines in temporal
processing.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199709290-00009},
Key = {fds253003}
}
@article{fds253004,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Perinatal choline supplementation increases the threshold
for chunking in spatial memory.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {8},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3053-3059},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9331913},
Abstract = {Chunking and perinatal choline supplementation each provide
rats with alternative memory processing advantages. Evidence
from radial-arm maze performance of adult (2- to
5-month-old) rats indicates that chunking of multiple food
types (sunflower seeds, Noyes pellets and rice puffs)
emerges for stable, differentiable baiting patterns as a
function of the memory load (6, 12, 18 or 24 maze arms). The
number of maze arms appeared to determine both the level of
task difficulty at which rats began to implement a chunking
strategy as well as when they were unable to successfully
implement such a strategy due to the excess memorial demands
of the task. In comparison to control rats, rats treated
perinatally with choline supplementation displayed a
horizontal rightward shift of the response function that
related level of clustering of like-food types to the number
of maze arms. These results indicate a higher threshold for
implementing a chunking strategy in rats treated perinatally
with choline supplementation, possibly due to a
choline-induced increase in memory capacity.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199709290-00010},
Key = {fds253004}
}
@article{fds253005,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Characterization of the facilitative effects of perinatal
choline supplementation on timing and temporal
memory.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {8},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2831-2835},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9376513},
Abstract = {Perinatal choline supplementation can improve performance on
a variety of spatial memory tasks in adulthood. In order to
extend these studies, we have investigated the effects of
perinatal choline supplementation on the performance of a
peak-interval timing task in which a 20 s temporal criterion
was trained for a visual signal in adult (3-6 months old)
rats. Following 5 weeks of baseline training, rats received
systemic injections of nicotine (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg,
s.c.) or saline prior to testing on the peak-interval timing
task. The results indicated that perinatal choline
supplementation increased rats' sensitivity to the 20 s
temporal criterion during baseline training and facilitated
the clock speed enhancing effects of nicotine during drug
testing. The present study extends the types of long-term
cognitive enhancement produced by perinatal choline
supplementation to include the temporal processing domain
and relates these effects to modifications in cholinergic
function.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199709080-00005},
Key = {fds253005}
}
@article{fds253006,
Author = {Hinton, SC and Meck, WH},
Title = {The 'internal clocks' of circadian and interval
timing.},
Journal = {Endeavour},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {82-87},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0160-9327},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9237431},
Abstract = {Animals engage in a startlingly diverse array of behaviours
that depend critically on the time of day or the ability to
time short intervals. Timing intervals on the scale of many
hours to around a day is mediated by the circadian timing
system, while in the range of seconds to hours a different
system, known as interval timing, is used. Recent research
has illuminated some of the neural mechanisms underlying the
'internal clocks' of these two different timing systems in
both animals and humans. Therapeutic applications for humans
with impairments in either timing system may ultimately
result from these endeavours.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0160-9327(97)01043-0},
Key = {fds253006}
}
@article{fds253007,
Author = {Hinton, SC and Meck, WH},
Title = {The 'internal clocks' of circadian and interval
timing.},
Journal = {Endeavour},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-8},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0160-9327},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9149550},
Abstract = {Animals engage in a startlingly diverse array of behaviours
that depend critically on the time of day or the ability to
time short intervals. Timing intervals on the scale of many
hours to around a day is mediated by the circadian timing
system, while in the range of seconds to hours a different
system, known as interval timing, is used. Recent research
has illuminated some of the neural mechanisms underlying the
'internal clocks' of these two different timing systems in
both animals and humans. Therapeutic applications for humans
with impairments in either timing system may ultimately
result from these endeavours.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0160-9327(96)10022-3},
Key = {fds253007}
}
@article{fds253011,
Author = {Hinton, SC and Meck, WH},
Title = {Increasing the speed of an internal clock: The effects of
nicotine on interval timing},
Journal = {Drug Development Research},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {204-211},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1996},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0272-4391},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996WA75400009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2299(199607/08)38:3/4<204::aid-ddr9>3.0.c},
Key = {fds253011}
}
@article{fds253009,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception.},
Journal = {Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {227-242},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0926-6410},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8806025},
Abstract = {Time is a guiding force in the behavior of all organisms.
For both a rat in an experimental setting (e.g. Skinner box)
trying to predict when reinforcement will be delivered and a
human in a restaurant waiting for his dinner to be served an
accurate perception of time is an important determinant of
behavior. Recent research has used a combination of
pharmacological and behavioral manipulations to gain a
fuller understanding of how temporal information is
processed. A psychological model of duration discrimination
that differentiates the speed of an internal clock used for
the registration of current sensory input from the speed of
the memory-storage process used for the representation of
the durations of prior stimulus events has proven useful in
integrating these findings. Current pharmacological research
suggests that different stages of temporal processing may
involve separate brain regions and be modified by different
neurotransmitter systems. For example, the internal clock
used to time durations in the seconds-to-minutes range
appears linked to dopamine (DA) function in the basal
ganglia, while temporal memory and attentional mechanisms
appear linked to acetylcholine (ACh) function in the frontal
cortex. These two systems are connected by frontal-striatal
loops, thus allowing for the completion of the timing
sequences involved in duration discrimination.},
Doi = {10.1016/0926-6410(96)00009-2},
Key = {fds253009}
}
@article{fds253010,
Author = {Levin, ED and Conners, CK and Sparrow, E and Hinton, SC and Erhardt, D and Meck, WH and Rose, JE and March, J},
Title = {Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {123},
Number = {1},
Pages = {55-63},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8741955},
Abstract = {Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be
useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute,
placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine
whether nicotine might be useful as an alternative treatment
of adults with ADHD symptomatology. Six smokers and 11
nonsmokers who were outpatient referrals for ADHD were
diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Measures of treatment effect
included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale,
Hopkins' symptom check list (SCL-90-R), the Profile of Mood
States (POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance
Test (CPT), the Stroop test, and an interval-timing task.
The smokers underwent overnight deprivation from smoking and
were given a 21 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during
a morning session. The nonsmokers were given a 7 mg/day
nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session.
Active and placebo patches were given in a counter-balanced
order approximately 1 week apart. Nicotine caused a
significant overall nicotine-induced improvement on the CGI.
This effect was significant when only the nonsmokers were
considered, which indicated that it was not due merely to
withdrawal relief. Nicotine caused significantly increased
vigor as measured by the POMS test. Nicotine caused an
overall significant reduction in reaction time (RT) on the
CPT, as well as, with the smokers, a significant reduction
in another index of inattention, variability in reaction
time over trial blocks. Nicotine improved accuracy of time
estimation and lowered variability of time-estimation
response curves. Because improvements occurred among
nonsmokers, the nicotine effect appears not to be merely a
relief of withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that nicotine
deserves further clinical trials with ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02246281},
Key = {fds253010}
}
@article{fds253008,
Author = {Penney, TB and Holder, MD and Meck, WH},
Title = {Clonidine-induced antagonism of norepinephrine modulates the
attentional processes involved in peak-interval
timing.},
Journal = {Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {82-92},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {1064-1297},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996UL04400012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/1064-1297.4.1.82},
Key = {fds253008}
}
@article{fds253012,
Author = {Conners, CK and Levin, ED and Sparrow, E and Hinton, SC and Erhardt, D and Meck, WH and Rose, JE and March, J},
Title = {Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology Bulletin},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-73},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0048-5764},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8927677},
Abstract = {Nicotine, like the psychostimulants methylphenidate and
dextroamphetamine, acts as an indirect dopamine agonist and
improves attention and arousal. Adults and adolescents with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke much
more frequently than normal individuals or those with other
psychiatric conditions, perhaps as a form of self-medication
for ADHD symptoms. Nicotine might therefore have some value
as a treatment for ADHD. The present study is an acute
double-blind crossover administration of nicotine and
placebo with smokers (n = 6) and nonsmokers (n = 11)
diagnosed with adult ADHD. The drug was delivered via a
transdermal patch at a dosage of 7 mg/day for nonsmokers and
21 mg/day for smokers. Results indicate significant
clinician-rated global improvement, self-rated vigor and
concentration, and improved performance on chronometric
measures of attention and timing accuracy. Side effects were
minimal. These acute results indicate the need for a longer
clinical trial and a comparison with other stimulants in
adult ADHD treatment.},
Key = {fds253012}
}
@article{fds253014,
Author = {Church, RM and Meck, WH and Gibbon, J},
Title = {Application of scalar timing theory to individual
trials.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {20},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-155},
Year = {1994},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8189184},
Abstract = {Our purpose was to infer the characteristics of the internal
clock, temporal memory, and decision processes involved in
temporal generalization behavior on the basis of the
analysis of individual trials. Three groups of 10 rats each
were trained on a peak procedure with reinforcement at 15,
30, or 60 s, with several nonfood trial durations. On
nonfood trials, the mean response rate gradually increased
to a maximum near the time that reinforcement sometimes
occurred and then gradually decreased. Individual trials
were characterized by a period of high response rate,
preceded and followed by a low response rate. The covariance
pattern among measures of the temporal characteristics of
the high response rate (start, stop, middle, and spread)
supported a parallel, scalar timing model in which animals
used on each trial a single sample from memory of the time
of reinforcement and separate response thresholds to decide
when to start and stop responding. An alternative model, the
quasi-serial model (J. Gibbon & R. M. Church, 1992), was not
consistent with the obtained relationships between
covariances or with the scalar property seen across
different nonfood signal durations.},
Doi = {10.1037//0097-7403.20.2.135},
Key = {fds253014}
}
@article{fds253013,
Author = {Malapani, C and Rakitin, B and Deweer, B and Meck, WH and Gibbon, J and Pillon, B and Defontaines, B and Dubois, B and Agid,
Y},
Title = {Segregation of interval timing processes within basal
ganglia},
Journal = {Proceedings of the International Neuropsychological
Society},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {22-25},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds253013}
}
@article{fds253015,
Author = {Meck, WH and Angell, KE},
Title = {Repeated administration of pyrithiamine leads to a
proportional increase in the remembered durations of
events},
Journal = {Psychobiology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-46},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03327159},
Abstract = {Twenty rats were trained on a peak-interval (PI) timing
procedure with auditory signals. For 10 rats, the time of
reinforcement was set at 20 sec; for the remaining rats, the
time of reinforcement was set at 50 sec. After seven
sessions of baseline training, 4 mg/kg of pyrithiamine (PT)
were administered i.p. to half of the rats in each group
before each of six test sessions, and physiological saline
was administered to the remaining subjects. During testing,
the times of the maximum response rates of PI functions for
PT-treated rats gradually shifted rightward on the time
scale until they occurred approximately 14% later than the
times of the maximum response rates of the rats receiving
saline injections. This pattern of timing behavior can be
interpreted as reflecting an increase in the remembered
times of reinforcement associated with a decrease both in
the effective levels of acetylcholine and in the speed of
memory storage. © 1992, Psychonomic Society, Inc.. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03327159},
Key = {fds253015}
}
@article{fds253019,
Author = {Church, RM and Miller, KD and Meck, WH and Gibbon,
J},
Title = {Symmetrical and asymmetrical sources of variance in temporal
generalization},
Journal = {Animal Learning & Behavior},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {207-214},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1991},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-4996},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03197878},
Abstract = {Ten rats were trained in a temporal generalization task (the
peak procedure) with variations in the time of
reinforcement, the intertrial interval, and the mean and
variance of the duration of nonfood trials. There were three
types of asymmetry in the temporal generalization gradients:
positive skew, secondary rise, and positive asymptote.
Asymmetrical gradients can occur as a result of asymmetrical
sources of variance, multiplicative combinations of
symmetrical sources of variance, and effects of anticipation
of the end of a trial and the conditions of the next trial.
Ten additional rats were trained with a single time of
reinforcement, a limited time of reinforcement availability,
long and fixed durations of nonfood trials, and a
nonresponse requirement for ending a trial. These conditions
markedly reduced all asymmetrical sources of variance and
led to very symmetrical gradients. These results demonstrate
that none of the asymmetrical sources of variance
necessarily has a substantial influence on observed temporal
generalization gradients. © 1991 Psychonomic Society,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03197878},
Key = {fds253019}
}
@article{fds252882,
Author = {Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {The organizational effects of gonadal steroids on sexually
dimorphic spatial ability.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {155-176},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0306-4530},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1961837},
Abstract = {Numerous studies have provided evidence that both human and
nonhuman males reliably outperform females on tasks that
require spatial ability. Because most of the research on
this topic has utilized hormonally normal adults as
subjects, it is still not known to what extent, if any, sex
differences in spatial ability can be attributed to
hormonally organized dimorphisms in neural structures
subserving cognitive function. The purpose of this paper is
to address this critical issue in three areas: (1) Research
that demonstrates that male rodents initially outperform
females on maze tasks that utilize visuospatial
representation will be reviewed. (2) New data which provide
strong evidence for the organizational effects of gonadal
steroids will be described. The timing of the sensitive
period for hormone action, the specific hormones involved
and their possible sites of action will be discussed. (3)
The question of what behavioral processes hormones might be
affecting to cause differential performance on spatial tasks
will be examined. The studies described in this review
suggest that gonadal steroids, probably the testosterone
metabolite estradiol, cause organizational effects during
perinatal development which have multiple effects on the
associational-perceptual-motor biases that guide
visuospatial navigation.},
Doi = {10.1016/0306-4530(91)90076-6},
Key = {fds252882}
}
@article{fds253017,
Author = {Loy, R and Heyer, D and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Choline-induced spatial memory facilitation correlates with
altered distribution and morphology of septal
neurons.},
Journal = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},
Volume = {295},
Pages = {373-382},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0065-2598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1776578},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_21},
Key = {fds253017}
}
@article{fds253018,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Modality-specific circadian rhythmicities influence
mechanisms of attention and memory for interval
timing},
Journal = {Learning and Motivation},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {153-179},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0023-9690},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0023-9690(91)90021-Y},
Abstract = {Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n's = 10) were
trained to discriminate between 2-s and 8-s signal durations
at one of two different phases of a 14:10 light:dark (LD)
cycle with lights on at 7:00 am. One group of rats was
trained beginning at 8:00 am and the other group of rats was
trained beginning at 8:00 pm. Signals were composed of
either a 2-s or an 8-s duration of light (6-or 7.5-W lamp
onset) or sound (80-dB white noise onset) presented with
equal probability in a random order during a 2-h session.
Five intermediate signal durations, in addition to the two
anchor points, were presented by means of the bisection
method with discrete trials separated by a random-interval
45-s intertrial interval (ITI). After baseline response
functions for both auditory and visual signals were obtained
at the two training phases, test sessions were conducted at
eight different times during the LD cycle. These test
sessions were conducted in order to determine whether any of
the psychological processes involved in the discrimination
of signal duration in the seconds to minutes' range exhibit
a cirdadian rhythm. The results obtained from the test stage
revealed no circadian rhythmicity in clock speed (Λ) for
either signal modality; whereas, the variability or temporal
memory for sound signals (γK* | S) and the probability of
attention to light signals (p(A) | L)-as estimated from the
application of a scalar expectancy model of temporal
bisection-showed circadian rhythmicities that interacted
with the circadian phase of initial baseline training. ©
1991.},
Doi = {10.1016/0023-9690(91)90021-Y},
Key = {fds253018}
}
@article{fds253016,
Author = {Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Organizational effects of gonadal steroids on sexually
dimorphic spatial ability},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {157-177},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds253016}
}
@article{fds253020,
Author = {Williams, CL and Barnett, AM and Meck, WH},
Title = {Organizational effects of early gonadal secretions on sexual
differentiation in spatial memory.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {104},
Number = {1},
Pages = {84-97},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2317288},
Abstract = {Neonatally castrated (MNC) and control male rats (MC) and
female rats treated neonatally with estradiol benzoate (FNE)
and female controls (FC) were studied. In Exp. 1 spatial
memory was assessed using a 12-arm radial maze. During
acquisition, MC and FNE groups were more accurate in choice
behavior than FC and MNC groups. In Exp. 2 the
discriminative control exerted by different types of cues
was evaluated. Alteration of the geometry of the room but
not movable landmarks disrupted performance of MC and FNE
groups. For the FC and MNC groups, alteration of either
geometry or landmarks did not disrupt performance. In Exp. 3
the effect of a 15-min delay was determined. MC and FNE
groups were more disrupted by a delay than MNC and FC
groups. Together, these data suggest that early exposure to
gonadal steroids (probably estradiol) improves acquisition
of spatial tasks by reorganizing and simplifying
associational-perceptual processes that guide spatial
ability.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.104.1.84},
Key = {fds253020}
}
@article{fds253021,
Author = {Dallal, NL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Hierarchical structures: chunking by food type facilitates
spatial memory.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-84},
Year = {1990},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2303795},
Abstract = {Three experiments assessed the ability of male
Sprague-Dawley rats to organize the spatial locations of
different food types in a hierarchical manner to maximize
the efficiency of working memory. Independent groups were
exposed, on a 12-arm radial maze, to baiting arrangements
varying in the stability of the pattern and type of food
used as bait. Training rats with stable, differentiable
baiting arrangements produced increased accuracy in choice
performance, hierarchically ordered patterns of choice
selection, slower growth of proactive interference when
trials were massed, and the learning of the geometrical
relations among food types independent of other extramaze
cues. Such findings are strong evidence of the rat's ability
to encode and use local cues for navigation, based on
properties of the reinforcer. The application of a chunking
strategy may provide for more efficient use of working
memory by facilitating information storage, recall, or
resetting mechanisms.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.16.1.69},
Key = {fds253021}
}
@article{fds252881,
Author = {Meck, WH and Smith, RA and Williams, CL},
Title = {Organizational changes in cholinergic activity and enhanced
visuospatial memory as a function of choline administered
prenatally or postnatally or both.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {103},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1234-1241},
Year = {1989},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2610916},
Abstract = {This experiment was an examination of the effects of
supplemental dietary choline chloride given prenatally (to
the diet of pregnant rats) and postnatally (intubed directly
into the stomachs of rat pups) on memory function and
neurochemical measures of brain cholinergic activity of male
albino rats when they became adults. The data demonstrate
that perinatal choline supplementation causes (a) long-term
facilitative effects on working and reference memory
components of a 12-arm radial maze task, and (b)
alternations of muscarinic receptor density as indexed by
[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding and choline
acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex of adult rats. An analysis of the
relationship between these organizational changes in brain
and memory function indicated that the ChAT-to-QNB ratio in
the hippocampus is highly correlated with working memory
errors, and this ratio in the frontal cortex is highly
correlated with reference memory errors.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.103.6.1234},
Key = {fds252881}
}
@article{fds253022,
Author = {Meck, WH and Smith, RA and Williams, CL},
Title = {Organizational changes in cholinergic activity and enhanced
visuospatial memory as a function of choline administered
prenatally or postnatally or both},
Journal = {Behavioural Neuroscience},
Volume = {103},
Pages = {118-146},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds253022}
}
@article{fds253024,
Author = {Meck, WH and Smith, RA and Williams, CL},
Title = {Pre- and postnatal choline supplementation produces
long-term facilitation of spatial memory.},
Journal = {Developmental Psychobiology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {339-353},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0012-1630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3378679},
Abstract = {Although research has demonstrated that short-term
improvement in memory function of adult rats can occur when
the availability of precursors for the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine is increased, little is known about whether
memory function of adult rats can be permanently altered by
precursor supplementation during early development. In the
present study, male albino rats were exposed to choline
chloride supplementation both prenatally (through the diet
of pregnant rats) and postnatally (subcutaneous injections).
At 60 days of age rats were tested on a 12- and 18-arm
radial maze task. Results indicated that compared to control
littermates, perinatal choline-treated rats showed more
accurate performance on both working and reference memory
components of the task. This performance difference was
apparent on the first block of sessions and continued
throughout training. Further analysis revealed that the
difference between choline and control rats is not due to
use of differential response or cue-use strategies. Instead,
it appears that choline induced performance differences are
due to long-term enhancement of spatial memory capacity and
precision.},
Doi = {10.1002/dev.420210405},
Key = {fds253024}
}
@article{fds253025,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Hippocampal function is required for feedback control of an
internal clock's criterion.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {102},
Number = {1},
Pages = {54-60},
Year = {1988},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3355658},
Abstract = {A discrete-trial peak-interval procedure was used to
evaluate the effects of hippocampal damage on the control of
an internal clock's criterion. Rats first received either
lesions of the fimbria-fornix or sham operations. Following
surgery rats were trained on a 20-s peak-interval procedure
and later were transferred to a 10-s peak-interval
procedure. Rats with sham operations were maximally
responsive about the time that reinforcement was sometimes
made available (10 or 20 s) and showed an oscillation of
successive peak-time values similar to biological feedback
control systems. In contrast, rats with fimbria-fornix
lesions were maximally responsive at a time about 20%
earlier than the time that reinforcement was made available
(8 or 16 s) and showed no control of successive peak-time
values. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a
fimbria-fornix lesion reduces the remembered time of
reinforcement stored in reference memory, interferes with
the internal control of temporal criteria stored in working
memory, and has no effect on the animal's sensitivity to
stimulus duration or the acquisition of a new temporal
criterion.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.102.1.54},
Key = {fds253025}
}
@article{fds253023,
Author = {Olton, DS and Wenk, GL and Church, RM and Meck, WH},
Title = {Attention and the frontal cortex as examined by simultaneous
temporal processing.},
Journal = {Neuropsychologia},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {307-318},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0028-3932},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3399046},
Abstract = {The brain mechanisms involved in attention and memory were
examined by testing rats in temporal discriminations
designed to emphasize these cognitive processes. Normal rats
were able to time each of two stimuli whether they were
presented alone or together. Rats with lesions of the
frontal cortex (FC) or nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM)
were able to time each stimulus when it was presented alone,
but not when it was presented together with another
stimulus. Rather, these rats timed only the intruding
stimulus and ignored the other, demonstrating a failure of
divided attention. Rats with lesions of the fimbria-fornix
(FF) or medial septal area (MSA) performed the divided
attention task normally, but failed to remember the duration
of a stimulus that had been terminated temporarily earlier
in the trial, demonstrating a failure of working memory.
These results provide another informative dissociation
between the functions of the frontal and hippocampal
systems, emphasizing frontal involvement in attention, and
hippocampal involvement in working memory.},
Doi = {10.1016/0028-3932(88)90083-8},
Key = {fds253023}
}
@article{fds253027,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM and Wenk, GL and Olton, DS},
Title = {Nucleus basalis magnocellularis and medial septal area
lesions differentially impair temporal memory.},
Journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the
Society for Neuroscience},
Volume = {7},
Number = {11},
Pages = {3505-3511},
Year = {1987},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0270-6474},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3681402},
Abstract = {Functional dissociations between the medial septal area
(MSA) and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) were
examined using the concepts and experimental procedures
developed by scalar timing theory. Rats were tested in
variations of a signalled discrete-trial peak-interval
schedule of reinforcement in which the response rate
functions identified the time when the rats expected
reinforcement. The variations assessed aspects of both
reference and working memory for information obtained from
prior trials and from the current trial. A double
dissociation was found in reference memory. Rats with NBM
lesions, like those with frontal cortex (FC) lesions,
remembered the time of reinforcement as having occurred
later than it actually did; rats with MSA lesions, like
those with fimbria-fornix (FF) lesions, remembered the time
of reinforcement as having occurred earlier than it did. A
single dissociation was found in working memory. MSA lesions
and FF lesions impaired working memory, while NBM and FC
lesions had no effect on it. These data begin to identify
the brain mechanisms underlying temporal memory; they
indicate that the frontal and hippocampal systems are both
involved, but in complementary ways; and they provide
information that helps specify more clearly the functions of
the frontal and hippocampal systems.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-11-03505.1987},
Key = {fds253027}
}
@article{fds253028,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Nutrients that modify the speed of internal clock and memory
storage processes.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {101},
Number = {4},
Pages = {465-475},
Year = {1987},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3651228},
Abstract = {Two experiments assessed the effects of nutrients on timing
behavior by rats. The nutrients were laced with saccharin
and given to rats as a snack before training on a 20-s
peak-interval procedure. The primary component of the snacks
for four groups of 10 rats was lecithin (phosphatidylcholine),
protein (casein), carbohydrate (sucrose), or a nonnutrient
(saccharin). The primary measure of behavior was the time of
the rat's highest response rate during a trial (peak time),
which represented the interval during which the rat
maximally expected food. With a lecithin snack, peak time
was gradually shifted over sessions to a shorter time,
remained shifted to the left of the normal function with
additional testing, and then remained at the shorter time on
two sessions after the snack was discontinued; with the
protein snack, peak time was abruptly shifted to a shorter
time, returned to normal with additional testing, and then
rebounded to a longer time when the snack was discontinued;
with a carbohydrate, snack peak time was abruptly shifted to
a longer time, returned to normal with additional testing,
and then rebounded to a shorter time when the snack was
discontinued. The behavioral patterns produced by the
nutrients were interpreted in terms of precursor effects on
central neurotransmitter synthesis and release,
psychological stages of an information-processing model, and
mathematical parameters of a scalar timing
theory.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.101.4.465},
Key = {fds253028}
}
@article{fds253029,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Cholinergic modulation of the content of temporal
memory.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {101},
Number = {4},
Pages = {457-464},
Year = {1987},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820435},
Abstract = {The pharmacological effects of anticholinesterases
(physostigmine and neostigmine) and cholinergic receptor
blockers (atropine and methylatropine) on the content of
temporal memory in the rat were studied with the use of a
20-s peak-interval procedure with auditory signals.
Physostigmine administered ip decreased the variability of
the temporal discrimination and shifted peak times
permanently leftward on the time scale in a dose-dependent
fashion (0.01, 0.03, & 0.09 mg/kg). Neostigmine (0.03 mg/kg)
did not produce any of these effects. Atropine administered
ip increased the variability of the temporal discrimination
and shifted peak times permanently rightward on the time
scale in a dose-dependent fashion (0.05, 0.15, & 0.45
mg/kg). Methylatropine (0.15 mg/kg) did not produce any of
these effects. Application of a scalar timing model
indicated that physostigmine decreased the remembered times
of reinforcement and increased sensitivity to time, whereas
atropine increased the remembered times of reinforcement and
decreased sensitivity to time. These results suggest that
the effective level of brain acetylcholine sets the
communication speed for the translation of durations
measured by the internal clock into values stored in
temporal memory.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.101.4.457},
Key = {fds253029}
}
@article{fds253026,
Author = {Olton, DS and Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Separation of hippocampal and amygdaloid involvement in
temporal memory dysfunctions.},
Journal = {Brain Research},
Volume = {404},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {180-188},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3567565},
Abstract = {The role of the hippocampus and the amygdala in timing and
in the memory of previously timed events was investigated in
rats. Two testing procedures used the peak time (the time at
which the maximum response rate occurred) to identify the
time at which the rat expected reinforcement. Amygdala (AMG)
lesions had no effect on the remembered time of
reinforcement or on the ability to remember the duration of
a previous stimulus. Fimbria-fornix (FF) lesions had two
effects: these rats remembered the time of reinforcement as
occurring earlier than it really did, and could not remember
the duration of a previous stimulus even after a gap of only
0.5 s. This behavior pattern endured throughout testing in
spite of reinforcement contingencies designed to eliminate
it. Atropine, 0.45 mg/kg, caused control rats to forget the
duration of a previous stimulus, while haloperidol, 0.15
mg/kg, did not. Taken together, these data indicate that the
hippocampus, but not the amygdala, has an important role in
the memory for time. They suggest that alterations in
temporal processes may be intimately involved in the amnesic
syndrome seen following damage to temporal lobe
structures.},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-8993(87)91369-2},
Key = {fds253026}
}
@article{fds253030,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Vasopressin metabolite neuropeptide facilitates simultaneous
temporal processing.},
Journal = {Behavioural Brain Research},
Volume = {23},
Number = {2},
Pages = {147-157},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0166-4328},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3566908},
Abstract = {Rats were trained on a peak-interval timing procedure in
which auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli signaled 3
different fixed-interval schedules (15, 30, and 60 s) that
were presented simultaneously in a hierarchical fashion.
Administration of vasopressin metabolite neuropeptide
[pGlu-Asn-Cys(Cys)-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2, 0.3 microgram/kg i.p.]
had two main effects on performance. With repeated exposure
the temporal criterion for each of the intervals shifted
leftward on the time scale in a proportional manner, and the
probability of attention to each of the intervals increased
proportionally. The conclusion is that vasopressin
metabolite neuropeptide facilitates simultaneous temporal
processing by increasing the speed of mental processes
involved in memory storage and divided attention. These
results indicate that a major metabolite of arginine
vasopressin that is devoid of endocrine and pressor activity
can produce facilitation of cognitive processes in
animals.},
Doi = {10.1016/0166-4328(87)90051-9},
Key = {fds253030}
}
@article{fds253032,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor predicts neuroleptic
potency in decreasing the speed of an internal
clock.},
Journal = {Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1185-1189},
Year = {1986},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-3057},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2880350},
Abstract = {For each of five neuroleptics (chlorpromazine, haloperidol,
pimozide, promazine, and spiroperidol), the dose required to
produce a rightward horizontal shift of 15-20% for
psychophysical bisection functions that relate the
percentage of long responses to signal duration was
determined in rats for two different signal ranges (2-8 sec
and 4-16 sec). Affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor (from
in vitro studies) predicted neuroleptic potency in producing
the criterion shift of the timing functions, whereas
affinity for other aminergic receptors (D1, D3, the
alpha-noradrenergic receptor, S1, and S2) did not. The
conclusion is that dopamine D2 receptors play a major role
in determining the rate of temporal integration for time
estimation.},
Doi = {10.1016/0091-3057(86)90109-7},
Key = {fds253032}
}
@article{fds253031,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM and Wenk, GL},
Title = {Arginine vasopressin innoculates against age-related
increases in sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake
and discrepancies in the content of temporal
memory.},
Journal = {European Journal of Pharmacology},
Volume = {130},
Number = {3},
Pages = {327-331},
Year = {1986},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0014-2999},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3792454},
Abstract = {Systemic injections of arginine vasopressin (AVP, 0.08
pressor units/kg i.p.) to mature rats (10-13 months) trained
on a positively reinforced timing task prevented the
age-related discrepancies in the content of temporal memory
and the increases in sodium-dependent high affinity choline
uptake (SDHCU) in the frontal cortex observed in control
rats when the rats became aged (27-30 months). AVP
administration had no effect on muscarinic receptor density
as measured by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding or
on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in either the
hippocampus or the frontal cortex.},
Doi = {10.1016/0014-2999(86)90287-6},
Key = {fds253031}
}
@article{fds253033,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM and Gibbon, J},
Title = {Temporal integration in duration and number
discrimination.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {591-597},
Year = {1985},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4067512},
Abstract = {Temporal integration in duration and number discrimination
by rats was investigated with the use of a psychophysical
choice procedure. A response on one lever ("short" response)
following a 1-s white-noise signal was followed by food
reinforcement, and a response on the other lever ("long"
response) following a 2-s white-noise signal was also
followed by food reinforcement. Either response following a
signal of one of five intermediate durations was
unreinforced. This led to a psychophysical function in which
the probability of a long response was related to signal
duration in an ogival manner. On 2 test days, a white-noise
signal with 5, 6, 7, 8, or 10 segments of either 0.5-s on
and 0.5-s off or 1-s on and 1-s off was presented, and a
choice response following these signals was unreinforced.
The probability of a long response was the same function of
a segmented signal and a continuous signal if each segment
was considered equivalent to 200 ms. A quantitative fit of a
scalar estimation theory suggested that the latencies to
initiate temporal integration and to terminate the process
are both about 200 ms, and that the same internal
accumulation process can be used for counting and
timing.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.11.4.591},
Key = {fds253033}
}
@article{fds252901,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Arginine vasopressin inoculates against age-related changes
in temporal memory.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {444},
Pages = {453-456},
Booktitle = {Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences: Memory
dysfunctions: An integration of animal and human research
from preclinical and clinical perpectives},
Publisher = {New York, NY: The New York Academy of Sciences},
Editor = {D.S. Olton and E. Gamzu and S. Corkin},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3860096},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb37608.x},
Key = {fds252901}
}
@article{fds253034,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Postreinforcement signal processing.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {52-70},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3989476},
Abstract = {Postreinforcement signal processing by rats was demonstrated
in six experiments that used a discrete-trials choice
procedure. Experiment 1 assessed the extent to which rats
are able to transfer knowledge about associations between
postreinforcement signal durations and choice responses to
conditions where a particular signal duration preceded the
opportunity to make a choice response. In Experiment 2 the
generality of the transfer effect was demonstrated by using
both signal duration and signal modality as relevant
stimulus attributes for the postreinforcement signals. The
role of the relative durations of the reinforcement-signal
gap and the intertrial interval was investigated in
Experiment 3. In order to assess the effects of within-trial
and between-trial signal relations on the acquisition of a
temporal discrimination, both pre-and postreinforcement
signals were presented on each trial in Experiments 4 and 5.
The effects of pre- and postreinforcement signal relations
on the steady-state performance of a temporal bisection task
across three different signal ranges were studied in
Experiment 6. The conclusion is that rats readily process
various stimulus attributes of postreinforcement signals and
that relations between postreinforcement signals, choice
responses, and prereinforcement signals are major
determinants of choice behavior.},
Doi = {10.1037//0097-7403.11.1.52},
Key = {fds253034}
}
@article{fds322518,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Hippocampus and “general” mnemonic function: Only time
will tell},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {509-510},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00001436},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00001436},
Key = {fds322518}
}
@article{fds253035,
Author = {Meck, WH and Komeily-Zadeh, FN and Church, RM},
Title = {Two-step acquisition: modification of an internal clock's
criterion.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {297-306},
Year = {1984},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6747554},
Abstract = {Ten rats were trained on a discrete-trial peak procedure in
which food, if available, occurred following the first
response after a signal had been present for 10 s. Ten other
rats were trained on the same procedure with a 20-s
criterion. When the time of reinforcement was changed (10 to
20 s or 20 to 10 s), subjects adjusted their temporal
criterion in two abrupt steps. During the intermediate state
of the three-step function, rats used a temporal criterion
that was near the geometric mean of the initial and terminal
times of reinforcement. The conclusion is that the
intermediate transition state reflects an internal structure
in the animal's information processing system not readily
accounted for by stimulus-response models of
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.10.3.297},
Key = {fds253035}
}
@article{fds253036,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM and Olton, DS},
Title = {Hippocampus, time, and memory.},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {98},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-22},
Year = {1984},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6696797},
Abstract = {Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of
hippocampal damage on timing and the memory for temporal
events. In Experiments 1-3, rats were trained to
discriminate between auditory signals that differed in both
duration (2 or 8 s) and rate (2 or 16 cycles/s). Half of the
rats were trained to discriminate duration, and half were
trained to discriminate rate. After rats acquired the
relevant discrimination, signals with intermediate durations
and rates were presented to obtain psychophysical functions
that related signal duration and/or rate to response choice.
Rats then received either lesions of the fimbria-fornix or
control operations. Postoperatively, the accuracy of
duration and rate discriminations as measured by the
difference limen (DL) was unaffected by the lesion, but the
point of subjective equality (PSE) was shifted to a shorter
duration and a slower rate by the lesion in Experiment 1.
Both rats with lesions and rats with control operations
showed cross-modal transfer of duration and rate from the
auditory signals used in training to visual signals used in
testing in Experiment 2. A 5-s delay was imposed between the
end of a signal and the opportunity to respond in Experiment
3. The delay served as a retention interval for the rats
trained in the rate discrimination, and the rats with
fimbria-fornix lesions were selectively impaired by the
addition of the delay as measured by an increase in the DL.
The delay did not serve as a retention interval for rats
trained in the duration discrimination because they were
able to continue timing through the delay. A peak procedure
was employed in Experiment 4. The maximum response rate of
control rats was approximately at the time of scheduled
reinforcement (20 s), but the maximum response rate of rats
with fimbria-fornix lesions was reliably earlier than the
time of scheduled reinforcement. When a 5-s gap was imposed
in the signal, control rats summed the signal durations
before and after the gap, whereas rats with fimbria-fornix
lesions showed no retention of the signal duration prior to
the gap. Experiment 5 continued the testing of the rats used
in Experiments 1-4 and showed that rats with lesions had an
impairment in a test of spatial working memory in an
eight-arm radial maze. Taken together, these results
demonstrate that a fimbria-fornix lesion interferes with
temporal and spatial working memory, reduces the remembered
time of reinforcement stored in reference memory, and has no
effect on the animal's sensitivity to stimulus
duration.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.98.1.3},
Key = {fds253036}
}
@article{fds252899,
Author = {Gibbon, J and Church, RM and Meck, WH},
Title = {Scalar timing in memory.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {423},
Pages = {52-77},
Booktitle = {Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences: Timing and time
perception},
Publisher = {New York, NY: The New York Academy of Sciences},
Editor = {J. Gibbon, and L. Allan},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6588812},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23417.x},
Key = {fds252899}
}
@article{fds252900,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Attentional bias between modalities: effect on the internal
clock, memory, and decision stages used in animal time
discrimination.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {423},
Pages = {528-541},
Booktitle = {Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences: Timing and time
perception},
Publisher = {New York, NY: NYAS},
Editor = {J. Gibbon, and L. Allan},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6588813},
Abstract = {Both the presentation of unbalanced stimulus probabilities
and the insertion of a predictive cue prior to the signal on
each trial apparently induces a strong bias to use a
particular stimulus modality in order to select a temporal
criterion and response rule. This attentional bias toward
one modality is apparently independent of the modality of
the stimulus being timed and is strongly influenced by
stimulus probabilities or prior warning cues. These
techniques may be useful to control trial-by-trial
sequential effects that influence a subject's perceptual and
response biases when signals from more than one modality are
used in duration discrimination tasks. Cross-procedural
generality of the effects of attentional bias was observed.
An asymmetrical modality effect on the latency to begin
timing was observed with both the temporal bisection and the
peak procedure. The latency to begin timing light signals,
but not the latency to begin timing sound signals, was
increased when the signal modality was unexpected. This
asymmetrical effect was explained with the assumption that
sound signals close the mode switch automatically, but that
light signals close the mode switch only if attention is
directed to the light. The time required to switch attention
is reflected in a reduction of the number of pulses from the
pacemaker that enter the accumulator. One positive aspect of
this work is the demonstration that procedures similar to
those used to study human cognition can be used with animal
subjects with similar results. Perhaps these similarities
will stimulate animal research on the physiological basis of
various cognitive capacities. Animal subjects would be
preferred for such physiological experimentation if it were
established that they possessed some of the cognitive
processes described by investigators of human information
processing. One of the negative aspects of this work is that
only one combination of modalities was used and variables
such as stimulus intensity, stimulus probability, and range
of signal durations have not been adequately investigated at
present. Future work might test additional combinations of
modalities and vary stimulus intensity and stimulus
probability within a signal detection theory (SDT) framework
to determine the effects of these variables on attentional
bias.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23457.x},
Key = {fds252900}
}
@article{fds253037,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Simultaneous temporal processing.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-29},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6707581},
Abstract = {Seven experiments assessed the ability of rats to process
temporal information from two internal clocks simultaneously
and independently. In the first six experiments a light
stimulus signalled an overall interval between the beginning
of a trial and the availability of food reinforcement (e.g.,
a 50-s fixed interval). During the overall interval a sound
stimulus was used to signal shorter intervals that divided
the overall interval into equal segments. When there was a
fixed temporal relation between the final segment signal and
the availability of reinforcement, there was a
double-scallop pattern of responding throughout the
segmented overall interval; the function relating response
rate to time during segment intervals was similar to the
function relating response rate to time in unsegmented
overall intervals; a change in response rate occurred at the
time that a normally presented segment signal was omitted.
Taken together, the results indicate that rats timed the
overall interval and the segment intervals simultaneously
and independently without interference. In Experiment 7 a
light stimulus was used on some trials, and a sound stimulus
was used on other trials to signal a discrete-trial 50-s
peak procedure. When these two signals were presented in
compound, there was a leftward shift of the response
function, which suggests that rats timed both signals
simultaneously. For all of the experiments a scalar timing
model with specific stimulus integration rules is used to
explain the results. The stimulus integration rule used in
the first six experiments, in which there were two signals
for the same reinforcement, was to respond if both the
segment and the overall interval had exceeded a response
threshold. The stimulus integration rule used in Experiment
7, in which there were two signals for different
reinforcements, was to respond if the response threshold for
either interval had been exceeded.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.10.1.1},
Key = {fds253037}
}
@article{fds253038,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {A mode control model of counting and timing
processes.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {320-334},
Year = {1983},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6886634},
Abstract = {The similarity of animal counting and timing processes was
demonstrated in four experiments that used a psychophysical
choice procedure. In Experiment 1, rats initially learned a
discrimination between a two-cycle auditory signal of 2-sec
duration and an eight-cycle auditory signal of 8-sec
duration. For the number discrimination test, the number of
cycles was varied, and the signal duration was held constant
at an intermediate value. For the duration discrimination
test, the signal duration was varied, and the number of
cycles was held constant at an intermediate value. Rats were
equally sensitive to a 4:1 ratio of counts (with duration
controlled) and a 4:1 ratio of times (with number
controlled). The point of subjective equality for the
psychophysical functions that related response
classification to signal value was near the geometric mean
of the extreme values for both number and duration
discriminations. Experiment 2 demonstrated that 1.5 mg/kg of
methamphetamine administered intraperitoneally shifted the
psychophysical functions for both number and duration
leftward by approximately 10%. Experiment 3 demonstrated
that the magnitude of cross-modal transfer from auditory
signals to cutaneous signals was similar for number and
duration. In Experiment 4 the mapping of number onto
duration demonstrated that a count was approximately equal
to 200 msec. The psychophysical functions for number and
duration were fit with a scalar expectancy model with the
same parameter values for each attribute. The conclusion was
that the same internal mechanism is used for counting and
timing. This mechanism can be used in several modes: the
"event" mode for counting or the "run" and the "stop" modes
for timing.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.9.3.320},
Key = {fds253038}
}
@article{fds253039,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Selective adjustment of the speed of internal clock and
memory processes.},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {171-201},
Year = {1983},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6842136},
Abstract = {Four experiments studied the scaling of time by rats. The
purpose was to determine if internal clock and memory
processes could be selectively adjusted by pharmacological
manipulations. All of the experiments used a temporal
discrimination procedure in which one response ("short") was
reinforced following a 2-sec noise signal and a different
response ("long") was reinforced following an 8-sec noise
signal; unreinforced signals of intermediate duration were
also presented. The proportion of "long" responses increased
as a function of signal duration. All drugs were
administered intraperitoneally (ip) and their effect on
clock or memory processes was inferred from the observed
pattern of change in the point of subjective equality of the
psychophysical functions under training and testing
conditions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that methamphetamine
(1.5 mg/kg) can selectively increase clock speed and that
haloperidol (.12 mg/kg) can selectively decrease clock
speed. Experiment 2 demonstrated that footshock stress (.2
mA) can selectively increase clock speed during continuous
administration but leads to a decrease in clock speed below
control values when the footshock is abruptly terminated.
Experiment 3 demonstrated that vasopressin (.07 pressor
units/kg) and oxytocin (.02 pressor units/kg) can
selectively decrease the remembered durations of reinforced
times, which suggests that memory storage speed increased.
Experiment 4 demonstrated that physostigmine (.01 mg/kg) can
selectively decrease the remembered durations of reinforced
times and that atropine (.05 mg/kg) can selectively increase
these remembered durations, which suggests that memory
storage speed was differentially affected. The conclusion is
that internal clock and memory processes can be dissociated
by selectively adjusting their speed of operation and that
these changes can be quantitatively modeled by a scalar
timing theory.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.9.2.171},
Key = {fds253039}
}
@article{fds253041,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Abstraction of temporal attributes},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior
Processes},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {226-243},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1982},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.8.3.226},
Abstract = {Four experiments demonstrated cross-modal transfer (CMT) of
classification rules for temporal intervals. In Exp I, 20
male albino Norway rats learned a temporal discrimination
between a 2- and an 8-sec signal in one modality (vision or
audition). Results show positive transfer to a temporal
discrimination between a 2- and an 8-sec signal in the other
modality when the response rule was maintained, and negative
transfer when the response rule was reversed. Exp II with 20
Ss demonstrated positive CMT in a temporal generalization
procedure. Exp III demonstrated CMT of both duration and
temporal location in a procedure in which 20 Ss were exposed
to 3 successive signal durations. Exp IV demonstrated CMT of
both duration and temporal order in a procedure in which 5
Ss were exposed to simultaneously presented signal
durations, one auditory and one visual. It is concluded that
rats can abstract temporal attributes from modality-specific
aspects of a signal. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American
Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.8.3.226},
Key = {fds253041}
}
@article{fds253040,
Author = {Meck, WH and Church, RM},
Title = {Discrimination of intertrial intervals in cross-modal
transfer of duration},
Journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society},
Volume = {19},
Number = {4},
Pages = {234-236},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-5054},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NV94100015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Twenty rats were trained to press one lever (“short”)
following a 2-sec light signal and the other lever
(“long”) following an 8-sec light signal. The interval
from the end of one trial to the onset of the signal on the
next trial was 30 sec. Half the animals were tested on a
discrimination between 2-sec and 8-sec noise signals with
the same response rule (nonreversal); half were tested with
the opposite response rule (reversal). On cross-modal
testing, the nonreversal group was correct more often than
chance; the reversal group was correct less often than
chance. When signals were omitted, the animals performed
better than chance, indicating that they discriminated the
difference in time from the end of one trial until the
opportunity for a choice on the next trial (32 vs. 38 sec).
© 1982, The psychonomic soceity, inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03330243},
Key = {fds253040}
}
@article{fds253042,
Author = {Fantino, E and Dunn, R and Meck, W},
Title = {PERCENTAGE REINFORCEMENT AND CHOICE},
Journal = {Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior},
Volume = {32},
Number = {3},
Pages = {335-340},
Publisher = {Society for the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1979.32-335},
Abstract = {Pigeons responded on identical concurrent
variable‐interval schedules (choice phase), producing
outcomes of either periodic reinforcement schedules always
terminating in reinforcement (reliable schedule) or
otherwise identical schedules providing reinforcement on
only a percentage of instances (percentage reinforcement
schedule). Comparisons of this type constituted two
assessments of the generality of preference for percentage
reinforcement reported by Kendall (1974). In a third set of
conditions, a reliable schedule was pitted against a
percentage reinforcement schedule in which the more negative
outcome was a leaner schedule of reinforcement (rather than
nonreinforcement, as in the other two conditions). In all
three types of conditions, the schedule providing the higher
rate of reinforcement was preferred. Results from a
subsequent manipulation suggest that Kendall's contrasting
results may have depended on the fact that the stimuli in
his choice phase (unlit keys) were physically identical to
the stimulus correlated with the nonchosen outcome in his
outcome phase. 1979 Society for the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior},
Doi = {10.1901/jeab.1979.32-335},
Key = {fds253042}
}
%% Books
@book{fds52152,
Author = {Meck, W.H. and Guest},
Title = {Neuropsychology of timing and time perception
timing},
Publisher = {Brain and Cognition},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds52152}
}
@book{fds52151,
Author = {Meck, W.H. and Guest},
Title = {Neuroimaging of interval timing},
Publisher = {Cognitive Brain Research},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds52151}
}
@book{fds340135,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Introduction: The persistence of time},
Pages = {xvii-xli},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780849311093},
Key = {fds340135}
}
@book{fds340132,
Author = {Meck, WH},
Title = {Functional and neural mechanisms of interval
timing},
Pages = {1-554},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780849311093},
Abstract = {© 2003 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Understanding
temporal integration by the brain is expected to be among
the premier topics to unite systems, cellular,
computational, and cognitive neuroscience over the next
decade. The phenomenon has been studied in humans and
animals, yet until now, there has been no publication to
successfully bring together the latest information gathered
from this exciting area of research. For the first time,
Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval Timing
synthesizes the current knowledge of both animal behavior
and human cognition as related to both technical and
theoretical approaches in the study of duration
discrimination. Chapters written by the foremost experts in
the field integrate the fields of time quantum and
psychophysics, rhythmic performance and synchronization, as
well as attentional effort and cognitive strategies through
the linkage of time as information in brain and behavior.
This cutting-edge scientific work promotes a concerted view
of timing and time perception for those on both sides of the
behavior-biology divide. With Functional and Neural
Mechanisms of Interval Timing neuroscientists, ethologists,
and psychologists will gain the necessary background to
understand the psychophysics and neurobiology of this
crucial behavior.},
Key = {fds340132}
}
@book{fds28352,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Edited book: Functional and neural mechanisms of interval
timing},
Publisher = {CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds28352}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds252861,
Author = {Allman, MJ and Yin, B and Meck, WH},
Title = {Time in the psychopathological mind},
Pages = {637-654},
Booktitle = {Subjective Time: The Philosophy, Psychology, and
Neuroscience of Temporality},
Publisher = {MIT Press, Cambridge: MA},
Address = {Cambridge: MA},
Editor = {D. Lloyd and V. Arstila},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780262019941},
Key = {fds252861}
}
@misc{fds221720,
Author = {Yin, B. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Interval timing and its relevancy to cognition and
neurobehavioral genetics},
Volume = {in press},
Booktitle = {Neuro-phenome: Cutting-edge approaches and technologies in
neurobehavioral genetics},
Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
Editor = {V. Tucci},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221720}
}
@misc{fds214070,
Author = {Gu, B-M. and Jurkowski, A.J. and Malapani, C. and Meck,
W.H},
Title = {Bayesian models of interval timing and the migration of
temporal intervals as a function of Parkinson’s disease
and dopamine-related error processing},
Booktitle = {Time distortions in mind: Temporal processing in clinical
populations},
Publisher = {Brill Academic Publishers, Boston: MA},
Address = {Boston: MA},
Editor = {A. Vatakis and M.J. Allman},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds214070}
}
@misc{fds214071,
Author = {van Rijn, H. and Gu, B-M. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Dedicated clock/timing-circuit theories of interval
timing.},
Booktitle = {Neurobiology of interval timing},
Publisher = {Springer-Verlag, New York: NY},
Address = {New York: NY},
Editor = {H. Merchant and V. de Lafuente},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds214071}
}
@misc{fds200151,
Author = {Gu, B.M. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {New perspectives on Vierordt’s law: Memory-mixing in
ordinal temporal comparison tasks},
Volume = {6789},
Pages = {67-78},
Booktitle = {Multidisciplinary aspects of time and time perception. COST
TD0904 International Workshop, Athens, Greece, October 2010
– Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Artificial
Intelligence},
Publisher = {Berlin: Springer-Verlag},
Editor = {A. Vatakis and A. Esposito and S. Cummins and M. Giagkou and F. Cummins and G. Papadelis},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds200151}
}
@misc{fds52163,
Author = {Balci, F. and Meck, W.H. and Moore, H. and Brunner,
D.},
Title = {Timing deficits in aging and neuropathology},
Pages = {161-201},
Booktitle = {Animal Models of Human Cognitive Aging},
Publisher = {Totowa, NJ: Humana Press},
Editor = {J.L. Bizon, and A. Wood},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds52163}
}
@misc{fds166211,
Author = {Buhusi, C.V. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Timing behaviour as a target for drug action},
Pages = {in press},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology},
Publisher = {Heidelberg, Germany: Springer},
Editor = {Ian Stoleman –},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds166211}
}
@misc{fds340133,
Author = {Matell, MS and Meck, WH and Nicolelis, MAL},
Title = {Integration of behavior and timing: Anatomically separate
systems or distributed processing?},
Pages = {370-392},
Booktitle = {Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval
Timing},
Publisher = {Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press},
Editor = {W. H. Meck},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780849311093},
Abstract = {© 2003 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. With the recent
development of powerful methods to study brain-behavior
relations, the study of interval timing has rapidly shifted
from primarily behavioral analyses elucidating the
psychological constructs of timing to investigations aimed
at identifying the anatomical and physiological
underpinnings of the interval timing system. This transition
to the study of the biological substrates of interval timing
is well timed to stimulate further model development.
Because the various interval timing models are already
extremely accurate at predicting the behavioral data (Church
and Broadbent, 1991; Gibbon, 1977; Killeen and Fetterman,
1988; Staddon and Higa, 1999), much of their attractiveness
is associated with their philosophical approach (i.e.,
behaviorism vs. cognitivism), rather than their predictive
accuracy. Although these models fare quite well at
explaining behavioral data, because of their fundamental
differences, they do not provide us with an unbiased
framework from which to search for the neural mechanisms of
interval timing. As such, we believe that a theory-free
model of interval timing would be valuable. Such a general
timing model is a much needed “place to hang our hats”
when searching for the neural processes associated with
timing and time perception.},
Key = {fds340133}
}
@misc{fds340134,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Meck, WH},
Title = {Time flies and may also sing: Cortico-striatal mechanisms of
interval timing and birdsong},
Pages = {392-418},
Booktitle = {Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval
Timing},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780849311093},
Abstract = {© 2003 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. There is ample
evidence that humans and other animals can time multiple
events embedded within a hierarchical structure when
presented with complex schedules of reinforcement or
stimulus sequences (e.g., Leak and Gibbon, 1995; Meck and
Church, 1982, 1984; Pang and McAuley, this volume; Rousseau
and Rousseau, 1996). It is unclear, however, whether there
are specialized systems for the perception and production of
serial-ordered behavior that rely on the same interval
timing mechanisms that are engaged by the types of stimuli
that are typically presented in laboratory studies of timing
and time perception. One such system might be the vocal
learning circuit of songbirds, which is highly structured
and specific.},
Key = {fds340134}
}
@misc{fds26246,
Author = {MacDonald, C.J. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Cortico-striatal mechanisms of interval timing and bird
song: Time flies and may also sing},
Pages = {393-418},
Booktitle = {Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval
Timing},
Publisher = {Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press},
Editor = {W. H. Meck},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds26246}
}
@misc{fds26249,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Distortions in the content of temporal memory:
Neurobiological correlates},
Pages = {175-200},
Booktitle = {Animal Cognition and Sequential Behavior: Behavioral,
Biological, and Computational Perspectives},
Publisher = {Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Press},
Editor = {S. B. Fountain and M. D. Bunsey and J. H. Danks and M. K.
McBeath},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds26249}
}
@misc{fds28337,
Author = {Penney, T.B. and Allan, L.G. and Meck, W.H. and Gibbon,
J.},
Title = {Memory mixing in duration bisection},
Pages = {165-193},
Booktitle = {Timing and behavior: Neural, psychological and computational
perspectives},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: MIT Press},
Editor = {D.A. Rosenbaum and C.E. Collyer},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28337}
}
@misc{fds28335,
Author = {Hinton, S.C. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {How time flies: Functional and neural mechanisms of interval
timing},
Pages = {409-457},
Booktitle = {Time and behaviour: Psychological and neurobiological
analyses},
Publisher = {New York: Elsevier},
Editor = {C.M. Bradshaw and E. Szabadi},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28335}
}
@misc{fds28336,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Application of a mode-control model of temporal integration
to counting and timing behaviour},
Pages = {133-184},
Booktitle = {Time and behaviour: Psycholigical and neurobiological
analyses},
Publisher = {New York: Elsevier},
Editor = {C.M. Bradshaw and E. Szabadi},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds28336}
}
@misc{fds28333,
Author = {Broadbent, H.A. and Rakitin, B.C. and Church, R.M. and Meck,
W.H.},
Title = {Quantitative relationships between timing and
counting},
Pages = {171-187},
Booktitle = {The development of numerical competence: Animal and human
models},
Publisher = {Hilldale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {S. Boysen and E.J. Capaldi},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28333}
}
@misc{fds28334,
Author = {Williams, C.L. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Organizational effects of gonadal hormones induce
qualitative differences in visuospatial navigation},
Pages = {175-189},
Booktitle = {The development of sex differences and similarities in
behaviour},
Publisher = {Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers},
Editor = {M. Haug and R. Whalen and C. Aron and K. Olsen},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28334}
}
@misc{fds28331,
Author = {Loy, R. and Heyer, D. and Williams, C.L. and Meck,
W.H.},
Title = {Choline-induced spatial memory facilitation correlates with
altered distribution and morphology of septal
neurons},
Booktitle = {Basal forebrain: Anatomy to function},
Publisher = {New York: Plenum},
Editor = {T.C. Napier and I. Hanin and P. Kalivas},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28331}
}
@misc{fds28332,
Author = {Rakitin, B.C. and Dallal, N.L. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Spatial memory structure and capacity: Influences on
problem-solving and memory-coding strategies},
Pages = {155-183},
Booktitle = {Cognitive aspects of stimulus control},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {W.K. Honig and J.G. Fetterman},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28332}
}
@misc{fds28329,
Author = {Church, R.M. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Biological basis of the remembered time of
reinforcement},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {103-119},
Booktitle = {Quantitative analyses of behavior: Biological determinants
of reinforcement},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {M.L. Commons and R.M. Church and J.R. Stellar and A.R.
Wagner},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds28329}
}
@misc{fds28330,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Internal clock and reward pathways share physiologically
similar information-processing stages},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {121-138},
Booktitle = {Quantitative analyses of behavior: Biological determinants
of reinforcement},
Publisher = {Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {M.L. Commons and R.M. Church and J.R. Stellar and A.R.
Wagner},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds28330}
}
@misc{fds28325,
Author = {Church, R.M. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {The numerical attribute of stimuli},
Pages = {445-464},
Booktitle = {Animal cognition},
Publisher = {Hillsdale: NJ: Erlbaum},
Editor = {H.L. Roitblat and T.G. Bever and H.S. Terrace},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds28325}
}
@misc{fds28324,
Author = {Church, R.M. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Acquisition and cross-modal transfer of classification rules
for temporal intervals},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {75-97},
Booktitle = {Quantitative analyses of behavior: Discrimination
processes},
Publisher = {Cambridge, MA: Ballinger},
Editor = {M.L. Commons and R.J. Hernstein and A.R. Wagner},
Year = {1984},
Key = {fds28324}
}
%% Articles Submitted
@article{fds154871,
Author = {Williams, C.L. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Organizational effects of perinatal choline supplementation
on spatial exploration as a function of sex, time of day,
and aging},
Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds154871}
}
%% Commentaries/Book Reviews
@article{fds28342,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {A "knowledge navigator: of animal cognition, Invited Book
Review of C.R. Gallistel, ed. (1992), Animal cognition,
Cambridge: MIT Press},
Journal = {Contemporary Psychology},
Volume = {39},
Pages = {515-516},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28342}
}
@article{fds28340,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Book review of H. Rahmann & M, Rahmann's text, The
neurobiological basis of memory and behavior},
Journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
Volume = {327},
Pages = {1538-1539},
Publisher = {New York: Springer-Verlag},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds28340}
}
%% Edited Volumes
@misc{fds186398,
Author = {Buhusi, C.V. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Timing behavior as a target for drug action},
Pages = {1319-1323},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology},
Publisher = {Heidelberg, Germany: Springer},
Editor = {I.P. Stolerman},
Year = {2010},
Key = {fds186398}
}
%% Book Reviews
@article{fds154874,
Author = {Lustig, C. and Meck, W.H},
Title = {Book review of Torkel Klingberg’s text, The overflowing
brain: Information overload and the limits of working
memory. New York: Oxford University Press},
Journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
Volume = {360},
Pages = {1469},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds154874}
}
%% Other
@misc{fds28349,
Author = {Meck, W. H},
Title = {Coincidence detection as the core process for interval
timing in frontal-striatal circuits},
Journal = {NeuroImage},
Volume = {49},
Pages = {668},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28349}
}
@misc{fds28350,
Author = {Meck, W. H. and Williams, C. L},
Title = {Nootrophics.},
Pages = {1021-1026},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science},
Publisher = {London, UK: Nature Publishing Group/Macmillan Publishers
Ltd.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds28350}
}
@misc{fds11349,
Author = {Mohler, E.G. and Meck, W.H. and Williams, C.L.},
Title = {"Sustained Attention in Adult Mice is Modulated by Prenatal
Choline Availability"},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {136-150},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11349}
}
@misc{fds28348,
Author = {Lustig, C. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Chronic treatment with haloperidol induces working memory
deficits in feedback effects of interval
timing},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {(Suppl.)},
Pages = {89},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds28348}
}
@misc{fds28347,
Author = {Williams, C.L. and Wong, R.W. and Zeisel, S.H. and Mar, M.-H. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Supplementation with methyl group donors, folate or choline
during late pregnancy in rats improves visuospatial memory
performance of the offspring},
Journal = {Teratology},
Volume = {61},
Pages = {462},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds28347}
}
@misc{fds28345,
Author = {Lustig, C.A. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Attention mediated processing deficits as a function of age,
signal, modality, and time of day},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
Volume = {Suppl.},
Pages = {134},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds28345}
}
@misc{fds28344,
Author = {Hinton, S.C. and Meck, W.H. and MacFall, J.R.},
Title = {Peak-interval timing in humans activates frontal-striatal
loops},
Journal = {NeuroImage},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {S224},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds28344}
}
@misc{fds28343,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Cholinergic function and the internal clock},
Journal = {Behavioural Pharmacology},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {27},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds28343}
}
@misc{fds28341,
Author = {Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Forward to Euan M. Macphail's text, The neuroscience of
animal intelligence: From the seahare to the
seahorse},
Pages = {xvii-xix},
Publisher = {New York: Columbia University Press},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds28341}
}
| |
Duke University * Arts & Sciences * Faculty * Staff * Grad * Postdocs * Reload * Login | ||
