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| Publications of Christina L. Williams :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds371787,
Author = {Badea, A and Li, D and Niculescu, AR and Anderson, RJ and Stout, JA and Williams, CL and Colton, CA and Maeda, N and Dunson,
DB},
Title = {Corrigendum: Absolute winding number differentiates mouse
spatial navigation strategies with genetic risk for
Alzheimer's disease.},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {1070425},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1070425},
Abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848654.].},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.1070425},
Key = {fds371787}
}
@article{fds371895,
Author = {Badea, A and Li, D and Niculescu, AR and Anderson, RJ and Stout, JA and Williams, CL and Colton, CA and Maeda, N and Dunson,
DB},
Title = {Absolute Winding Number Differentiates Mouse Spatial
Navigation Strategies With Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's
Disease.},
Journal = {Front Neurosci},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {848654},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.848654},
Abstract = {Spatial navigation and orientation are emerging as promising
markers for altered cognition in prodromal Alzheimer's
disease, and even in cognitively normal individuals at risk
for Alzheimer's disease. The different APOE gene alleles
confer various degrees of risk. The APOE2 allele is
considered protective, APOE3 is seen as control, while APOE4
carriage is the major known genetic risk for Alzheimer's
disease. We have used mouse models carrying the three
humanized APOE alleles and tested them in a spatial memory
task in the Morris water maze. We introduce a new metric,
the absolute winding number, to characterize the spatial
search strategy, through the shape of the swim path. We show
that this metric is robust to noise, and works for small
group samples. Moreover, the absolute winding number better
differentiated APOE3 carriers, through their straighter swim
paths relative to both APOE2 and APOE4 genotypes. Finally,
this novel metric supported increased vulnerability in APOE4
females. We hypothesized differences in spatial memory and
navigation strategies are linked to differences in brain
networks, and showed that different genotypes have different
reliance on the hippocampal and caudate putamen circuits,
pointing to a role for white matter connections. Moreover,
differences were most pronounced in females. This departure
from a hippocampal centric to a brain network approach may
open avenues for identifying regions linked to increased
risk for Alzheimer's disease, before overt disease
manifestation. Further exploration of novel biomarkers based
on spatial navigation strategies may enlarge the windows of
opportunity for interventions. The proposed framework will
be significant in dissecting vulnerable circuits associated
with cognitive changes in prodromal Alzheimer's
disease.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.848654},
Key = {fds371895}
}
@article{fds371909,
Author = {Maurer, SV and Kong, C and Terrando, N and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Dietary Choline Protects Against Cognitive Decline After
Surgery in Mice.},
Journal = {Front Cell Neurosci},
Volume = {15},
Pages = {671506},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.671506},
Abstract = {Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are a common
complication following procedures such as orthopedic
surgery. Using a mouse model of tibial fracture and repair
surgery, we have previously shown an increase in
neuroinflammation and hippocampal-dependent cognitive
deficits. These changes were ameliorated with the addition
of a cholinergic agonist. Here, we sought to examine the
effects of a high-choline diet for 3 weeks prior to tibial
fracture surgery. We evaluated memory using novel object
recognition (NOR) as well as young neurons and glial cell
morphology at 1 day and 2 weeks post-surgery. At both time
points, tibial fracture impaired NOR performance, and
dietary choline rescued these impairments. Astrocytic
density and hilar granule cells increased 1 day after tibial
fracture, and these increases were partially blunted by
dietary choline. An increase in young neurons in the
subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus was found 2 weeks
after tibial fracture. This increase was partially blunted
by choline supplementation. This suggests that shortly after
tibial fracture, hippocampal reorganization is a possible
mechanism for acute impaired memory. These findings together
suggest that non-pharmaceutical approaches, such as
pre-surgical dietary intervention with choline, may be able
to prevent PNDs.},
Doi = {10.3389/fncel.2021.671506},
Key = {fds371909}
}
@article{fds337727,
Author = {Moffatt, S and Venturini, S and Williams, C and Charlton, M and Thompson, J},
Title = {An audit of post-operative pain and related outcomes
following oesophagectomy at the leicester royal
infirmary},
Journal = {International Journal of Surgery},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.568},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.568},
Key = {fds337727}
}
@article{fds341959,
Author = {Maurer, SV and Williams, CL},
Title = {The Cholinergic System Modulates Memory and Hippocampal
Plasticity via Its Interactions with Non-Neuronal
Cells.},
Journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
Volume = {8},
Pages = {1489},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01489},
Abstract = {Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory,
and enhancement of cholinergic synapses improves cognitive
processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti-inflammatory,
and neuroinflammation is increasingly linked to adverse
memory, especially in Alzheimer's disease. Much of the
evidence surrounding cholinergic impacts on the neuroimmune
system focuses on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)
receptor, as stimulation of this receptor prevents many of
the effects of immune activation. Microglia and astrocytes
both express this receptor, so it is possible that some
cholinergic effects may be <i>via</i> these non-neuronal
cells. Though the presence of microglia is required for
memory, overactivated microglia due to an immune challenge
overproduce inflammatory cytokines, which is adverse for
memory. Blocking these exaggerated effects, specifically by
decreasing the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),
interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), has been
shown to prevent inflammation-induced memory impairment.
While there is considerable evidence that cholinergic
signaling improves memory, fewer studies have linked the
"cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway" to memory processes.
This review will summarize the current understanding of the
cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway as it relates to
memory and will argue that one mechanism by which the
cholinergic system modulates hippocampal memory processes is
its influence on neuroimmune function <i>via</i> the α7
nicotinic ACh receptor.},
Doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2017.01489},
Key = {fds341959}
}
@article{fds254519,
Author = {Pedersen, CA and Chang, SWC and Williams, CL},
Title = {Evolutionary perspectives on the role of oxytocin in human
social behavior, social cognition and psychopathology.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1580},
Pages = {1-7},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.033},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.033},
Key = {fds254519}
}
@article{fds254520,
Author = {Crowgey, T and Peters, KB and Hornsby, WE and Lane, A and McSherry, F and Herndon, JE and West, MJ and Williams, CL and Jones,
LW},
Title = {Relationship between exercise behavior, cardiorespiratory
fitness, and cognitive function in early breast cancer
patients treated with doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy: a
pilot study.},
Journal = {Appl Physiol Nutr Metab},
Volume = {39},
Number = {6},
Pages = {724-729},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1715-5312},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0380},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship
between self-reported exercise behavior, cardiorespiratory
fitness (CRF), and cognitive function in early breast cancer
patients. Thirty-seven breast cancer patients following
completion of chemotherapy (median 16 months) and 14
controls were studied. Cognitive function was assessed using
the Central Nervous System (CNS) Vital Signs software (CNS
Vital Signs, LLC, Morrisville, N.C., USA), a computerized
test battery consisting of 9 cognitive subtests. Exercise
behavior was evaluated using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise
Questionnaire, and CRF was assessed via a cardiopulmonary
exercise test to assess peak oxygen consumption. Patients'
mean total exercise was 184 ± 141 min·week(-1) compared
with 442 ± 315 min·week(-1) in controls (p < 0.001).
Significantly fewer patients (32%) were meeting exercise
guidelines (i.e., ≥150 min of moderate-intensity or
vigorous exercise per week) compared with 57% of controls (p
= 0.014). Patients' peak oxygen consumption averaged 23.5 ±
6.3 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) compared with 30.6 ± 7.0
mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) in controls (p < 0.01). Scores on the
cognitive subdomains were generally lower in patients
compared with controls, although only the difference in
verbal memory was significant (unadjusted p = 0.041). In
patients, weak to moderate correlations were indicated
between exercise, peak oxygen consumption, and the majority
of cognitive subdomain scores; however, there was a
significant positive correlation between exercise and visual
memory (r = 0.47, p = 0.004). In conclusion, breast cancer
patients following the completion of primary adjuvant
chemotherapy exhibit, in general, worse cognitive
performance than healthy women from the general population,
and such performance may be related to their level of
exercise behavior.},
Doi = {10.1139/apnm-2013-0380},
Key = {fds254520}
}
@article{fds341960,
Author = {Aagten-Murphy, D and Iversen, JR and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Novel Inversions in Auditory Sequences Provide Evidence for
Spontaneous Subtraction of Time and Number},
Journal = {Timing and Time Perception},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {188-209},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002028},
Abstract = {Animals, including fish, birds, rodents, non-human primates,
and pre-verbal infants are able to discriminate the duration
and number of events without the use of language. In this
paper, we present the results of six experiments exploring
the capability of adult rats to count 2-6 sequentially
presented white-noise stimuli. The investigation focuses on
the animal's ability to exhibit spontaneous subtraction
following the presentation of novel stimulus inversions in
the auditory signals being counted. Results suggest that a
subtraction operation between two opposite sensory
representations may be a general processing strategy used
for the comparison of stimulus magnitudes. These findings
are discussed within the context of a mode-control model of
timing and counting that relies on an analog
temporal-integration process for the addition and
subtraction of sequential events.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002028},
Key = {fds341960}
}
@article{fds254521,
Author = {Agostino, PV and Cheng, R-K and Williams, CL and West, AE and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Acquisition of response thresholds for timed performance is
regulated by a calcium-responsive transcription factor,
CaRF.},
Journal = {Genes Brain Behav},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {633-644},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23848551},
Abstract = {Interval timing within the seconds-to-minutes range involves
the interaction of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
via dopaminergic-glutamatergic pathways. Because the
secreted protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is
able to modulate dopamine release as well as glutamatergic
activity, we hypothesized that BDNF may be important for
these timing mechanisms. Recently, the calcium-responsive
transcription factor (CaRF) was identified as an important
modulator of BDNF expression in the cerebral cortex. In this
study, a strain of Carf knockout mice was evaluated for
their ability to acquire the 'Start' and 'Stop' response
thresholds under sequential and simultaneous training
conditions, using multiple (15-second and 45-second) or
single (30-second) target durations in the peak-interval
procedure. Both Carf(+/-) and Carf(-/-) mice were impaired
in their ability to acquire timed response thresholds
relative to Carf(+/+) mice. Additionally, control mice given
microinjections of BDNF antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to
inhibit protein expression in the prefrontal cortex showed
timing impairments during acquisition similar to Carf mice.
Together, these results suggest that the inhibitory
processes required to update response thresholds and exert
temporal control of behavior during acquisition may be
dependent on CaRF regulation of genes including Bdnf in
cortico-striatal circuits.},
Doi = {10.1111/gbb.12059},
Key = {fds254521}
}
@article{fds341961,
Author = {Buhusi, M and Scripa, I and Williams, CL and Buhusi,
CV},
Title = {Impaired interval timing and spatial-temporal integration in
mice deficient in CHL1, a gene associated with
schizophrenia.},
Journal = {Timing & time perception (Leiden, Netherlands)},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-38},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-00002003},
Abstract = {Interval timing is crucial for decision-making and motor
control and is impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders,
including schizophrenia - a neurodevelopmental disorder with
a strong genetic component. Several gene mutations,
polymorphisms or rare copy number variants have been
associated with schizophrenia. L1 cell adhesion molecules
(L1CAMs) are involved in neurodevelopmental processes, and
in synaptic function and plasticity in the adult brain. Mice
deficient in the Close Homolog to L1 (CHL1) adhesion
molecule show alterations of hippocampal and
thalamo-cortical neuroanatomy as well as deficits in
sensorimotor gating and exploratory behavior. We analyzed
interval timing and attentional control of temporal and
spatial information in male CHL1 deficient (KO) mice and
wild type (WT) controls. In a 20-s peak-interval timing
procedure (standard and reversed), KO mice showed a
maintained leftward shift of the response function relative
to WT, indicative of a deficit in memory encoding/decoding.
In trials with 2, 5, or 10-s gaps, KO mice shifted their
peak times less than WT controls at longer gap durations,
suggesting a decreased (attentional) effect of
interruptions. In the spatial-temporal task, KO mice made
more working and reference memory errors than controls,
suggestive of impaired use of spatial and/or temporal
information. When the duration spent on the central platform
of the maze was manipulated, WT mice showed fewer spatial
errors at the trained duration than at shorter or longer
durations, indicative of discrimination based upon
spatial-temporal integration. In contrast, performance was
similar at all tested durations in KO mice, indicative of
control by spatial cues, but not by temporal cues. These
results suggest that CHL1 KO mice selectively attend to the
more relevant cues of the task, and fail to integrate more
complex spatial-temporal information, possibly as a result
of reduced memory capacity related to hippocampal
impairment, and altered temporal-integration mechanisms
possibly due to thalamo-cortical anomalies.},
Doi = {10.1163/22134468-00002003},
Key = {fds341961}
}
@article{fds254555,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {Sex differences in counting and timing},
Journal = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
Number = {DECEMBER},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1662-5145},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2011.00088},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2011.00088},
Key = {fds254555}
}
@article{fds254553,
Author = {Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Tognoni, CM and Mellott, TJ and Glenn, MJ and Blusztajn, JK and Williams, CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline deficiency does not enhance hippocampal
vulnerability after kainic acid-induced seizures in
adulthood.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1413},
Pages = {84-97},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.042},
Abstract = {Choline is a vital nutrient needed during early development
for both humans and rodents. Severe dietary choline
deficiency during pregnancy leads to birth defects, while
more limited deficiency during mid- to late pregnancy causes
deficits in hippocampal plasticity in adult rodent offspring
that are accompanied by cognitive deficits only when task
demands are high. Because prenatal choline supplementation
confers neuroprotection of the adult hippocampus against a
variety of neural insults and aids memory, we hypothesized
that prenatal choline deficiency may enhance vulnerability
to neural injury. To examine this, adult offspring of rat
dams either fed a control diet (CON) or one deficient in
choline (DEF) during embryonic days 12-17 were given
multiple injections (i.p.) of saline (control) or kainic
acid to induce seizures and were euthanized 16 days later.
Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, DEF rats were not more
susceptible to seizure induction and showed similar levels
of seizure-induced hippocampal histopathology, GAD
expression loss, upregulated hippocampal GFAP and growth
factor expression, and increased dentate cell and neuronal
proliferation as that seen in CON rats. Although prenatal
choline deficiency compromises adult hippocampal plasticity
in the intact brain, it does not appear to exacerbate the
neuropathological response to seizures in the adult
hippocampus at least shortly after excitotoxic
injury.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.042},
Key = {fds254553}
}
@article{fds254554,
Author = {Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Glenn, MJ and Mellott, TJ and Liu, YB and Blusztajn, JK and Williams, CL},
Title = {Water maze experience and prenatal choline supplementation
differentially promote long-term hippocampal recovery from
seizures in adulthood.},
Journal = {Hippocampus},
Volume = {21},
Number = {6},
Pages = {584-608},
Year = {2011},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232399},
Abstract = {Status epilepticus (SE) in adulthood dramatically alters the
hippocampus and produces spatial learning and memory
deficits. Some factors, like environmental enrichment and
exercise, may promote functional recovery from SE. Prenatal
choline supplementation (SUP) also protects against spatial
memory deficits observed shortly after SE in adulthood, and
we have previously reported that SUP attenuates the
neuropathological response to SE in the adult hippocampus
just 16 days after SE. It is unknown whether SUP can
ameliorate longer-term cognitive and neuropathological
consequences of SE, whether repeatedly engaging the injured
hippocampus in a cognitive task might facilitate recovery
from SE, and whether our prophylactic prenatal dietary
treatment would enable the injured hippocampus to more
effectively benefit from cognitive rehabilitation. To
address these issues, adult offspring from rat dams that
received either a control (CON) or SUP diet on embryonic
days 12-17 first received training on a place learning water
maze task (WM) and were then administered saline or kainic
acid (KA) to induce SE. Rats then either remained in their
home cage, or received three additional WM sessions at 3,
6.5, and 10 weeks after SE to test spatial learning and
memory retention. Eleven weeks after SE, the brains were
analyzed for several hippocampal markers known to be altered
by SE. SUP attenuated SE-induced spatial learning deficits
and completely rescued spatial memory retention by 10 weeks
post-SE. Repeated WM experience prevented SE-induced
declines in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and dentate
gyrus neurogenesis, and attenuated increased glial fibrilary
acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Remarkably, SUP alone was
similarly protective to an even greater extent, and SUP rats
that were water maze trained after SE showed reduced hilar
migration of newborn neurons. These findings suggest that
prophylactic SUP is protective against the long-term
cognitive and neuropathological effects of KA-induced SE,
and that rehabilitative cognitive enrichment may be
partially beneficial.},
Doi = {10.1002/hipo.20783},
Key = {fds254554}
}
@article{fds254577,
Author = {McGowan, PO and Hope, TA and Meck, WH and Kelsoe, G and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Impaired social recognition memory in recombination
activating gene 1-deficient mice.},
Journal = {Brain Res},
Volume = {1383},
Pages = {187-195},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21354115},
Abstract = {The recombination activating genes (RAGs) encode two enzymes
that play key roles in the adaptive immune system. RAG1 and
RAG2 mediate VDJ recombination, a process necessary for the
maturation of B- and T-cells. Interestingly, RAG1 is also
expressed in the brain, particularly in areas of high neural
density such as the hippocampus, although its function is
unknown. We tested evidence that RAG1 plays a role in brain
function using a social recognition memory task, an
assessment of the acquisition and retention of conspecific
identity. In a first experiment, we found that
RAG1-deficient mice show impaired social recognition memory
compared to mice wildtype for the RAG1 allele. In a second
experiment, by breeding to homogenize background genotype,
we found that RAG1-deficient mice show impaired social
recognition memory relative to heterozygous or
RAG2-deficient littermates. Because RAG1 and RAG2 null mice
are both immunodeficient, the results suggest that the
memory impairment is not an indirect effect of immunological
dysfunction. RAG1-deficient mice show normal habituation to
non-socially derived odors and habituation to an open-field,
indicating that the observed effect is not likely a result
of a general deficit in habituation to novelty. These data
trace the origin of the impairment in social recognition
memory in RAG1-deficient mice to the RAG1 gene locus and
implicate RAG1 in memory formation.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.054},
Key = {fds254577}
}
@article{fds254552,
Author = {Pleil, KE and Glenn, MJ and Williams, CL},
Title = {Estradiol alters Fos-immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and
dorsal striatum during place and response learning in
middle-aged but not young adult female rats.},
Journal = {Endocrinology},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3},
Pages = {946-956},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285311},
Abstract = {Evidence from lesion and inactivation studies suggests that
the hippocampus (HPC) and dorsal striatum compete for
control over navigation behavior, and there is some evidence
in males that the structure with greater relative activation
controls behavior. Estradiol has been shown to enhance
HPC-dependent place learning and impair dorsal
striatum-dependent response learning in female rats,
possibly by increasing hippocampal activation and/or
decreasing striatal activation. We used Fos-immunoreactivity
(Fos-IR) to examine the activation of several subregions of
the HPC and striatum in ovariectomized female rats with or
without estradiol replacement 30 min after place or response
learning. In 4-month-old rats, neither task nor estradiol
increased Fos-IR above explore control levels in any
subregion analyzed, even though estradiol impaired response
learning. In 12-month-old rats, estradiol increased Fos-IR
in the dentate gyrus, dorsal medial striatum, and dorsal
lateral striatum in place task learners, while the absence
of estradiol increased Fos-IR in these regions in response
task learners. However, learning rate was not affected by
estradiol in either task. We also included a group of
long-term ovariectomized 12-month-old rats that displayed
impaired place learning and altered Fos-IR in CA1 of the
HPC. These results suggest that task-specific effects of
estradiol on hippocampal and striatal activation emerge
across age but that relative hippocampal and striatal
activation are not related to learning rate during spatial
navigation learning.},
Doi = {10.1210/en.2010-0715},
Key = {fds254552}
}
@article{fds254556,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {Sex differences in counting and timing.},
Journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {88},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22319476},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2011.00088},
Key = {fds254556}
}
@article{fds254576,
Author = {Pleil, KE and Cordes, S and Meck, WH and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Rapid and acute effects of estrogen on time perception in
male and female rats.},
Journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience},
Volume = {5},
Pages = {63},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016725},
Abstract = {Sex differences in the rapid and acute effects of estradiol
on time perception were investigated in adult male and
female Sprague-Dawley rats. Because estradiol has been shown
to increase striatal dopamine release, it may be able to
modify time perception and timed performance by increasing
the speed of an internal clock in a manner similar to
indirect dopamine agonists such as amphetamine and cocaine.
Two groups of females (neonatally estradiol-treated/adult
ovariectomized and neonatally oil-treated/adult
ovariectomized) and two groups of males (neonatally
castrated and adult castrated) were trained in a 2 vs. 8-s
duration bisection procedure and tested using intermediate
signal durations. After obtaining oil-injected baseline
psychometric functions over several days, rats were
administered 5 μg of estradiol for 4 days and
behaviorally evaluated 30 min following each injection.
This oil-estradiol administration cycle was subsequently
repeated three times following the re-establishment of
baseline training. Results revealed significant sex
differences in the initial baseline functions that were not
modifiable by organizational hormones, with males' duration
bisection functions shifted horizontally to the left of
females'. Upon the first administration of estradiol,
females, but not males, showed a significant, transient
leftward shift in their bisection functions, indicative of
an increase in clock speed. After extensive retraining in
the duration bisection procedure, rats that were exposed to
gonadal hormones during the first week of life showed a
significant rightward shift in their bisection functions on
the fourth day of estradiol administration during each
cycle, suggesting a decrease in clock speed. Taken together,
our results support the view that there are multiple
mechanisms of estrogens' action in the striatum that
modulate dopaminergic activity and are differentially
organized by gonadal steroids during early brain
development.},
Doi = {10.3389/fnint.2011.00063},
Key = {fds254576}
}
@article{fds254578,
Author = {Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Pfau, ML and Flores, CT and Fraser, JA and Williams, CL and Jones, LW},
Title = {Voluntary running prevents progressive memory decline and
increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and growth factor
expression after whole-brain irradiation.},
Journal = {Cancer research},
Volume = {70},
Number = {22},
Pages = {9329-9338},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20884629},
Abstract = {Whole-brain irradiation (WBI) therapy produces progressive
learning and memory deficits in patients with primary or
secondary brain tumors. Exercise enhances memory and adult
hippocampal neurogenesis in the intact brain, so we
hypothesized that exercise may be an effective treatment to
alleviate consequences of WBI. Previous studies using animal
models to address this issue have yielded mixed results and
have not examined potential molecular mechanisms. We
investigated the short- and long-term effects of WBI on
spatial learning and memory retention and determined whether
voluntary running after WBI aids recovery of brain and
cognitive function. Forty adult female C57Bl/6 mice given a
single dose of 5 Gy or sham WBI were trained 2.5 weeks and
up to 4 months after WBI in a Barnes maze. Half of the mice
received daily voluntary wheel access starting 1 month after
sham or WBI. Daily running following WBI prevented the
marked decline in spatial memory retention observed months
after irradiation. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) immunolabeling
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that this
behavioral rescue was accompanied by a partial restoration
of newborn BrdUrd+/NeuN+ neurons in the dentate gyrus and
increased hippocampal expression of brain-derived vascular
endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1,
and occurred despite irradiation-induced elevations in
hippocampal proinflammatory cytokines. WBI in adult mice
produced a progressive memory decline consistent with what
has been reported in cancer patients receiving WBI therapy.
Our findings show that running can abrogate this memory
decline and aid recovery of adult hippocampal plasticity,
thus highlighting exercise as a potential therapeutic
intervention.},
Doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1854},
Key = {fds254578}
}
@article{fds254557,
Author = {McDowell, KA and Hutchinson, AN and Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Presby,
MM and Su, D and Rodriguiz, RM and Law, KC and Williams, CL and Wetsel, WC and West, AE},
Title = {Reduced cortical BDNF expression and aberrant memory in Carf
knock-out mice.},
Journal = {J Neurosci},
Volume = {30},
Number = {22},
Pages = {7453-7465},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20519520},
Abstract = {Transcription factors are a key point of convergence between
the cell-intrinsic and extracellular signals that guide
synaptic development and brain plasticity. Calcium-response
factor (CaRF) is a unique transcription factor first
identified as a binding protein for a calcium-response
element in the gene encoding brain-derived neurotrophic
factor (Bdnf). We have now generated Carf knock-out (KO)
mice to characterize the function of this factor in vivo.
Intriguingly, Carf KO mice have selectively reduced
expression of Bdnf exon IV-containing mRNA transcripts and
BDNF protein in the cerebral cortex, whereas BDNF levels in
the hippocampus and striatum remain unchanged, implicating
CaRF as a brain region-selective regulator of BDNF
expression. At the cellular level, Carf KO mice show altered
expression of GABAergic proteins at striatal synapses,
raising the possibility that CaRF may contribute to aspects
of inhibitory synapse development. Carf KO mice show normal
spatial learning in the Morris water maze and normal
context-dependent fear conditioning. However they have an
enhanced ability to find a new platform location on the
first day of reversal training in the water maze and they
extinguish conditioned fear more slowly than their wild-type
littermates. Finally, Carf KO mice show normal short-term
(STM) and long-term memory (LTM) in a novel object
recognition task, but exhibit impairments during the remote
memory phase of testing. Together, these data reveal novel
roles for CaRF in the organization and/or function of neural
circuits that underlie essential aspects of learning and
memory.},
Doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3997-09.2010},
Key = {fds254557}
}
@article{fds254551,
Author = {Pleil, KE and Williams, CL},
Title = {The development and stability of estrogen-modulated spatial
navigation strategies in female rats.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3},
Pages = {360-367},
Year = {2010},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20079739},
Abstract = {Adult female rats with high levels of circulating estradiol
are biased to use a place strategy to solve an ambiguous
spatial navigation task and those with low levels are biased
to use a response strategy. We examined the development of
this hormonal modulation of strategy use by training
juvenile female rats on an ambiguous navigation task and
probing them for strategy use at postnatal day (PD) 16, 21,
or 26, after administration of 17 beta-estradiol or oil 48
and 24 h prior to testing. We found that rats could use
either strategy successfully by PD21 but that estradiol did
not bias rats to use a place strategy until PD26. In order
to evaluate the stability of this effect over multiple
navigation experiences, we retested oil-treated juveniles
three times during adulthood. On the first adult navigation
experience, rats were significantly more likely to use the
same navigation strategy they used as juveniles, regardless
of current estrous cycle phase. On the second and third
adult tests, after rats had more experience with the task,
previous navigation experience did not predict strategy use.
Rats in proestrus were significantly more likely to use a
place strategy while rats in estrus and diestrus did not
appear to have a group bias to use either strategy. These
results suggest that estradiol can modulate spatial
navigation strategy use before puberty but that this effect
interacts with previous navigation experience. This study
sheds light on when and under what circumstances estradiol
gains control over spatial navigation behavior in the female
rat.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.01.005},
Key = {fds254551}
}
@article{fds254575,
Author = {Lamoureux, JA and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline availability alters the context sensitivity
of Pavlovian conditioning in adult rats.},
Journal = {Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {12},
Pages = {866-875},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050158},
Abstract = {The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian
conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo).
Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline
affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian
conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation
of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline
availability significantly altered the contextual control of
these learned behaviors. Both control and choline-deprived
rats exhibited context specificity of conditioned excitation
as exhibited by a loss in responding when tested in an
alternate context after conditioning; in contrast,
choline-supplemented rats showed no such effect. When
switched to a different context following extinction,
however, both choline-supplemented and control rats showed
substantial contextual control of responding, whereas
choline-deficient rats did not. These data support the view
that configural associations that rely on hippocampal
function are selectively sensitive to prenatal manipulations
of dietary choline during prenatal development.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.1058708},
Key = {fds254575}
}
@article{fds254549,
Author = {Glenn, MJ and Kirby, ED and Gibson, EM and Wong-Goodrich, SJ and Mellott, TJ and Blusztajn, JK and Williams, CL},
Title = {Age-related declines in exploratory behavior and markers of
hippocampal plasticity are attenuated by prenatal choline
supplementation in rats.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {110-123},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786518},
Abstract = {Supplemental choline in the maternal diet produces a lasting
enhancement in memory in offspring that resists age-related
decline and is accompanied by neuroanatomical,
neurophysiological and neurochemical changes in the
hippocampus. The present study was designed to examine: 1)
if prenatal choline supplementation alters behaviors that
contribute to risk or resilience in cognitive aging, and 2)
whether, at old age (25 months), prenatally
choline-supplemented rats show evidence of preserved
hippocampal plasticity. A longitudinal design was used to
look at exploration of an open field, with and without
objects, at 1 and 24 months of age in male and female rats
whose mothers were fed a diet supplemented with choline
(SUP; 5 mg/kg choline chloride) or not supplemented (CON;
1.1 mg/kg choline chloride) on embryonic days 12-17. Aging
caused a significant decline in open field exploration that
was more pronounced in males but interest in novel objects
was maintained in both sexes. Prenatal choline
supplementation attenuated, but did not prevent age-related
decline in exploration in males and increased object
exploration in young females. Following behavioral
assessment, rats were euthanized to assess markers of
hippocampal plasticity. Aged SUP males and females had more
newly proliferated cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus
and protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were significantly elevated
in female SUP rats in comparison to all other groups. Taken
together, these findings provide the first evidence that
prenatal choline supplementation causes changes in
exploratory behaviors over the lifespan and preserves some
features of hippocampal plasticity that can be seen even at
2 years of age.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.049},
Key = {fds254549}
}
@article{fds254550,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {Food for thought: brain, genes, and nutrition.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18928791},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.09.039},
Key = {fds254550}
}
@article{fds254572,
Author = {Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Glenn, MJ and Mellott, TJ and Blusztajn, JK and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Spatial memory and hippocampal plasticity are differentially
sensitive to the availability of choline in adulthood as a
function of choline supply in utero.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {153-166},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18778697},
Abstract = {Altered dietary choline availability early in life leads to
persistent changes in spatial memory and hippocampal
plasticity in adulthood. Developmental programming by early
choline nutrition may determine the range of adult choline
intake that is optimal for the types of neural plasticity
involved in cognitive function. To test this, male
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a choline chloride
deficient (DEF), sufficient (CON), or supplemented (SUP)
diet during embryonic days 12-17 and then returned to a
control diet (1.1 g choline chloride/kg). At 70 days of age,
we found that DEF and SUP rats required fewer choices to
locate 8 baited arms of a 12-arm radial maze than CON rats.
When switched to a choline-deficient diet (0 g/kg), SUP rats
showed impaired performance while CON and DEF rats were
unaffected. In contrast, when switched to a
choline-supplemented diet (5.0 g/kg), DEF rats' performance
was significantly impaired while CON and SUP rats were less
affected. These changes in performance were reversible when
the rats were switched back to a control diet. In a second
experiment, DEF, CON, and SUP rats were either maintained on
a control diet, or the choline-supplemented diet. After 12
weeks, DEF rats were significantly impaired by choline
supplementation on a matching-to-place water-maze task,
which was also accompanied by a decrease in dentate cell
proliferation in DEF rats only. IGF-1 levels were elevated
by both prenatal and adult choline supplementation. Taken
together, these findings suggest that the in utero
availability of an essential nutrient, choline, causes
differential behavioral and neuroplastic sensitivity to the
adult choline supply.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.074},
Key = {fds254572}
}
@article{fds254573,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Scott, AC and Penney, TB and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Prenatal-choline supplementation differentially modulates
timing of auditory and visual stimuli in aged
rats.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {167-175},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801344},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation of the maternal diet has a long-term
facilitative effect on the interval-timing ability and
temporal memory of the offspring. Here, we examined whether
prenatal-choline supplementation has modality-specific
effects on duration discrimination in aged (20 mo) male
rats. Adult offspring of rats that were given sufficient
choline in their chow (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental
choline added to their drinking water (SUP: 3.5 g/kg) during
embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained and tested on a
two-modality (auditory and visual signals) duration
bisection procedure (2 s vs. 8 s). Intensity (high vs. low)
of the auditory and visual timing signals was systematically
manipulated across test sessions such that all combinations
of signal intensity by modality were tested. Psychometric
response functions indicated that prenatal-choline
supplementation systematically increased sensitivity to
auditory signals relative to visual signals, thereby
magnifying the modality effect that sounds are judged to be
longer than lights of equivalent duration. In addition,
sensitivity to signal duration was greater in rats given
prenatal-choline supplementation, particularly at low
intensities of both the auditory and visual signals.
Overall, these results suggest that prenatal-choline
supplementation impacts interval timing by enhancing the
differences in temporal integration between auditory and
visual stimuli in aged subjects.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.062},
Key = {fds254573}
}
@article{fds254574,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Oscillatory bands, neuronal synchrony and hippocampal
function: implications of the effects of prenatal choline
supplementation for sleep-dependent memory
consolidation.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {1237},
Pages = {176-194},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18793620},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation of the maternal diet has long-term
facilitative effects on spatial and temporal memory
processes in the offspring. To further delineate the impact
of early nutritional status on brain and behavior, we
examined effects of prenatal-choline availability on
hippocampal oscillatory frequency bands in 12 month-old male
and female rats. Adult offspring of time-pregnant dams that
were given a deficient level of choline (DEF=0.0 g/kg),
sufficient choline (CON=1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline
(SUP=3.5 g/kg) in their chow during embryonic days (ED)
12-17 were implanted with an electroencephalograph (EEG)
electrode in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in combination
with an electromyograph (EMG) electrode patch implanted in
the nuchal muscle. Five consecutive 8-h recording sessions
revealed differential patterns of EEG activity as a function
of awake, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM)
sleep states and prenatal choline status. The main finding
was that SUP rats displayed increased power levels of gamma
(30-100 Hz) band oscillations during all phases of the
sleep/wake cycle. These findings are discussed within the
context of a general review of neuronal oscillations (e.g.,
delta, theta, and gamma bands) and synchronization across
multiple brain regions in relation to sleep-dependent memory
consolidation in the hippocampus.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.077},
Key = {fds254574}
}
@article{fds254548,
Author = {Williams, CL and Pleil, KE},
Title = {Toy story: why do monkey and human males prefer trucks?
Comment on "Sex differences in rhesus monkey toy preferences
parallel those of children" by Hassett, Siebert and
Wallen.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {355-358},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18586246},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.05.003},
Key = {fds254548}
}
@article{fds254547,
Author = {Wong-Goodrich, SJE and Mellott, TJ and Glenn, MJ and Blusztajn, JK and Williams, CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates
neuropathological response to status epilepticus in the
adult rat hippocampus.},
Journal = {Neurobiology of disease},
Volume = {30},
Number = {2},
Pages = {255-269},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18353663},
Abstract = {Prenatal choline supplementation (SUP) protects adult rats
against spatial memory deficits observed after
excitotoxin-induced status epilepticus (SE). To examine the
mechanism underlying this neuroprotection, we determined the
effects of SUP on a variety of hippocampal markers known to
change in response to SE and thought to underlie ensuing
cognitive deficits. Adult offspring from rat dams that
received either a control or SUP diet on embryonic days
12-17 were administered saline or kainic acid (i.p.) to
induce SE and were euthanized 16 days later. SUP markedly
attenuated seizure-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration,
dentate cell proliferation, and hippocampal GFAP mRNA
expression levels, prevented the loss of hippocampal GAD65
protein and mRNA expression, and altered growth factor
expression patterns. SUP also enhanced pre-seizure
hippocampal levels of BDNF, NGF, and IGF-1, which may confer
a neuroprotective hippocampal microenvironment that dampens
the neuropathological response to and/or helps facilitate
recovery from SE to protect cognitive function.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.nbd.2008.01.008},
Key = {fds254547}
}
@article{fds254571,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and MacDonald, CJ and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion,
and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats
as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate
schedule behavior.},
Journal = {Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {153-162},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323570},
Abstract = {Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting
effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further
delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we
examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on
timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and
female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON:
1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during
embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a differential
reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedule that was gradually
transitioned through 5-, 10-, 18-, 36-, and 72-sec criterion
times. We observed that SUP-females emitted more reinforced
responses than CON-females, which were more efficient than
both groups of males. In addition, SUP-males and SUP-females
exhibited a reduction in burst responding (response
latencies <2 sec) compared with both groups of CON rats.
Furthermore, despite a reduced level of burst responding,
the SUP-males made more nonreinforced responses prior to the
DRL criterion as a result of maintaining the previous DRL
criterion following transition to a new criterion. In
summary, long-lasting effects of prenatal-choline
supplementation were exhibited by reduced frustrative DRL
responding in conjunction with the persistence of temporal
memory in SUP-males and enhanced temporal exploration and
response efficiency in SUP-females.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.729408},
Key = {fds254571}
}
@article{fds254579,
Author = {Cordes, S and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Common representations of abstract quantities},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {156-161},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0963-7214},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00495.x},
Abstract = {Representations of abstract quantities such as time and
number are essential for survival. A number of studies have
revealed that both humans and nonhuman animals are able to
nonverbally estimate time and number; striking similarities
in the behavioral data suggest a common magnitude-representation
system shared across species. It is unclear, however,
whether these representations provide animals with a true
concept of time and number, as posited by Gallistel and
Gelman (2000). In this article, we review the prominent
cognitive and neurobiological models of timing and counting
and explore the current evidence suggesting that nonhuman
animals represent these quantities in a modality-independent
(i.e., abstract) and ordered manner. Avenues for future
research in the area of temporal and mathematical cognition
are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 Association for
Psychological Science.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00495.x},
Key = {fds254579}
}
@article{fds254582,
Author = {Glenn, MJ and Gibson, EM and Kirby, ED and Mellott, TJ and Blusztajn,
JK and Williams, CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline availability modulates hippocampal
neurogenesis and neurogenic responses to enriching
experiences in adult female rats.},
Journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
Volume = {25},
Number = {8},
Pages = {2473-2482},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0953-816X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17445242},
Abstract = {Increased dietary intake of choline early in life improves
performance of adult rats on memory tasks and prevents their
age-related memory decline. Because neurogenesis in the
adult hippocampus also declines with age, we investigated
whether prenatal choline availability affects hippocampal
neurogenesis in adult Sprague-Dawley rats and modifies their
neurogenic response to environmental stimulation. On
embryonic days (ED) 12-17, pregnant rats ate a
choline-supplemented (SUP-5 g/kg), choline sufficient
(SFF-1.1 g/kg), or choline-free (DEF) semisynthetic diet.
Adult offspring either remained in standard housing or were
given 21 daily visits to explore a maze. On the last ten
exploration days, all rats received daily injections of
5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 100 mg/kg). The number of
BrdU+ cells was significantly greater in the dentate gyrus
in SUP rats compared to SFF or DEF rats. While maze
experience increased the number of BrdU+ cells in SFF rats
to the level seen in the SUP rats, this enriching experience
did not alter cell proliferation in DEF rats. Similar
patterns of cell proliferation were obtained with
immunohistochemical staining for neuronal marker
doublecortin, confirming that diet and exploration affected
hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, hippocampal levels of
the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were increased
in SUP rats as compared to SFF and DEF animals. We conclude
that prenatal choline intake has enduring effects on adult
hippocampal neurogenesis, possibly via up-regulation of BDNF
levels, and suggest that these alterations of neurogenesis
may contribute to the mechanism of life-long changes in
cognitive function governed by the availability of choline
during gestation.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05505.x},
Key = {fds254582}
}
@article{fds254586,
Author = {MacDonald, CJ and Cheng, R-K and Williams, CL and Meck,
WH},
Title = {Combined organizational and activational effects of short
and long photoperiods on spatial and temporal memory in
rats.},
Journal = {Behavioural processes},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {226-233},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0376-6357},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971053},
Abstract = {The present study examined the effects of photoperiod on
spatial and temporal memory in adult Sprague-Dawley rats
that were conceived and reared in different day lengths,
i.e., short day (SD-8:16 light/dark) and long day (LD-16:8
light/dark). Both male and female LD rats demonstrated
increased spatial memory capacity as evidenced by a lower
number of choices to criterion in a 12-arm radial maze task
relative to the performance of SD rats. SD rats also
demonstrated a distortion in the content of temporal memory
as evidenced by a proportional rightward shift in the 20 and
60 s temporal criteria trained using the peak-interval
procedure that is consistent with reduced cholinergic
function. The conclusion is that both spatial and temporal
memory are sensitive to photoperiod variation in laboratory
rats in a manner similar to that previously observed for
reproductive behaviour.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2006.08.001},
Key = {fds254586}
}
@article{fds254522,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL and Cermak, JM and Blusztajn,
JK},
Title = {Developmental periods of choline sensitivity provide an
ontogenetic mechanism for regulating memory capacity and
age-related dementia.},
Journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {7},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18958235},
Abstract = {In order to determine brain and behavioral sensitivity of
nutrients that may serve as inductive signals during early
development, we altered choline availability to rats during
7 time frames spanning embryonic day (ED) 6 through
postnatal day (PD) 75 and examined spatial memory ability in
the perinatally-treated adults. Two sensitive periods were
identified, ED 12-17 and PD 16-30, during which choline
supplementation facilitated spatial memory and produced
increases in dendritic spine density in CA1 and dentate
gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus while also changing
the dendritic fields of DG granule cells. Moreover, choline
supplementation during ED 12-17 only, prevented the memory
decline normally observed in aged rats. These behavioral
changes were strongly correlated with the acetylcholine
(ACh) content of hippocampal slices following stimulated
release. Our data demonstrate that the availability of
choline during critical periods of brain development
influences cognitive performance in adulthood and old age,
and emphasize the importance of perinatal nutrition for
successful cognitive aging.},
Doi = {10.3389/neuro.07.007.2007},
Key = {fds254522}
}
@article{fds254581,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {Commentary: Food for thought and for repair},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds254581}
}
@article{fds254585,
Author = {Cheng, R-K and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {alpha7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and temporal
memory: synergistic effects of combining prenatal choline
and nicotine on reinforcement-induced resetting of an
interval clock.},
Journal = {Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {127-134},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1072-0502},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16547161},
Abstract = {We previously showed that prenatal choline supplementation
could increase the precision of timing and temporal memory
and facilitate simultaneous temporal processing in mature
and aged rats. In the present study, we investigated the
ability of adult rats to selectively control the
reinforcement-induced resetting of an internal clock as a
function of prenatal drug treatments designed to affect the
alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR). Male
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to prenatal choline (CHO),
nicotine (NIC), methyllycaconitine (MLA), choline + nicotine
(CHO + NIC), choline + nicotine + methyllycaconitine (CHO +
NIC + MLA), or a control treatment (CON). Beginning at
4-mo-of-age, rats were trained on a peak-interval timing
procedure in which food was available at 10-, 30-, and
90-sec criterion durations. At steady-state performance
there were no differences in timing accuracy, precision, or
resetting among the CON, MLA, and CHO + NIC + MLA
treatments. It was observed that the CHO and NIC treatments
produced a small, but significant increase in timing
precision, but no change in accuracy or resetting. In
contrast, the CHO + NIC prenatal treatment produced a
dramatic increase in timing precision and selective control
of the resetting mechanism with no change in overall timing
accuracy. The synergistic effect of combining prenatal CHO
and NIC treatments suggests an organizational change in
alpha7 nAChR function that is dependent upon a combination
of selective and nonselective nAChR stimulation during early
development.},
Doi = {10.1101/lm.31506},
Key = {fds254585}
}
@article{fds254580,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Organizational effects of perinatal choline supplementation
on spatial exploration as a function of sex, time of day,
and aging},
Journal = {Neurobiology of Aging},
Volume = {in press},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds254580}
}
@article{fds254583,
Author = {McGowan, PO and Hope, TA and Williams, CL and Kelsoe, G and Meck,
WH},
Title = {DNA Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) is required for
recognition memory},
Journal = {J. Neurosci.},
Volume = {submitted},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds254583}
}
@article{fds254584,
Author = {Kirby, ED and Glenn, MJ and Wong Goodrich and SJE and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation protects against chronic
stress-induced suppression of neurogenesis and hippocampal
memory impairment},
Journal = {Behavioral Neuroscience},
Volume = {submitted},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds254584}
}
@article{fds254569,
Author = {Mellott, TJ and Williams, CL and Meck, WH and Blusztajn,
JK},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation advances hippocampal
development and enhances MAPK and CREB activation.},
Journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of
American Societies for Experimental Biology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {3},
Pages = {545-547},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715695},
Abstract = {Choline is an essential nutrient for animals and humans.
Previous studies showed that supplementing the maternal diet
with choline during the second half of gestation in rats
permanently enhances memory performance of the adult
offspring. Here we show that prenatal choline
supplementation causes a 3-day advancement in the ability of
juvenile rats to use relational cues in a water maze task,
indicating that the treatment accelerates hippocampal
maturation. Moreover, phosphorylation and therefore
activation of hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in
response to stimulation by glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate,
or depolarizing concentrations of K+ were increased by
prenatal choline supplementation and reduced by prenatal
choline deficiency. These data provide the first evidence
that developmental plasticity of the hippocampal MAPK and
CREB signaling pathways is controlled by the supply of a
single essential nutrient, choline, during fetal development
and point to these pathways as candidate mechanisms for the
developmental and long-term cognitive enhancement induced by
prenatal choline supplementation.},
Doi = {10.1096/fj.03-0877fje},
Key = {fds254569}
}
@article{fds254546,
Author = {Sandstrom, NJ and Williams, CL},
Title = {Spatial memory retention is enhanced by acute and continuous
estradiol replacement.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {45},
Number = {2},
Pages = {128-135},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.09.010},
Abstract = {Estradiol replacement to ovariectomized female rats causes
dramatic changes in hippocampal structure and function as
well as in performance on hippocampally dependent tasks.
Using a delayed matching-to-place version of the water maze,
the present study examines the time course of
estradiol-induced enhancements in memory retention as well
as the effectiveness of acute and continuous patterns of
replacement. One 10-microg injection of estradiol
administered on each of two successive days resulted in
significant improvements in memory retention that persisted
for approximately 4 days following the second injection.
When estradiol administration continued for 10 consecutive
days, these improvements in memory retention persisted.
These findings indicate that estradiol replacement can
improve memory retention and that these improvements can be
maintained by continuous replacement for at least 10
days.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.09.010},
Key = {fds254546}
}
@article{fds254568,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Metabolic imprinting of choline by its availability during
gestation: implications for memory and attentional
processing across the lifespan.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {385-399},
Year = {2003},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0149-7634},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12946691},
Abstract = {A growing body of research supports the view that choline is
an essential nutrient during early development that has
long-lasting effects on memory and attentional processes
throughout the lifespan. This review describes the known
effects of alterations in dietary choline availability both
in adulthood and during early development. Although modest
effects of choline on cognitive processes have been reported
when choline is administered to adult animals, we have found
that the perinatal period is a critical time for cholinergic
organization of brain function. Choline supplementation
during this period increases memory capacity and precision
of the young adult and appears to prevent age-related memory
and attentional decline. Deprivation of choline during early
development leads to compromised cognitive function and
increased decline with age. We propose that this
organizational effect of choline availability may be due to
relatively permanent alterations in the functioning of the
cholinergic synapse, which we have called 'metabolic
imprinting'.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00069-1},
Key = {fds254568}
}
@article{fds254544,
Author = {McKeon-O'Malley, C and Siwek, D and Lamoureux, JA and Williams, CL and Kowall, NW},
Title = {Prenatal choline deficiency decreases the cross-sectional
area of cholinergic neurons in the medial septal
nucleus.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {977},
Number = {2},
Pages = {278-283},
Year = {2003},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02599-x},
Abstract = {Levels of dietary choline in utero influence postnatal
cognitive performance. To better understand this phenomenon,
forebrain cholinergic neurons were studied in the 8-9 month
old offspring of dams fed a control or choline-deficient
diet from EDs 11-17. Serial sections were immunostained with
antibodies against p75, a cholinergic marker. Neuronal
morphology was analyzed in the basal forebrain, a
heterogeneous area composed of several structures including
the medial septal nucleus (MSN), nucleus of the diagonal
band (DB), and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NB). Neuronal
cross-sectional areas were selectively reduced in the MSN of
choline-deficient animals, compared to controls, but cell
counts were not altered. Our findings suggest that
cholinergic medial septal neurons may be selectively
vulnerable to in utero choline deficiency.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02599-x},
Key = {fds254544}
}
@article{fds254543,
Author = {Matsubara, E and Bryant-Thomas, T and Pacheco Quinto and J and Henry,
TL and Poeggeler, B and Herbert, D and Cruz-Sanchez, F and Chyan, Y-J and Smith, MA and Perry, G and Shoji, M and Abe, K and Leone, A and Grundke-Ikbal, I and Wilson, GL and Ghiso, J and Williams, C and Refolo,
LM and Pappolla, MA and Chain, DG and Neria, E},
Title = {Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and
amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's
disease.},
Journal = {Journal of neurochemistry},
Volume = {85},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1101-1108},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01654.x},
Abstract = {Increased levels of a 40-42 amino-acid peptide called the
amyloid beta protein (A beta) and evidence of oxidative
damage are early neuropathological markers of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). Previous investigations have demonstrated that
melatonin is decreased during the aging process and that
patients with AD have more profound reductions of this
hormone. It has also been recently shown that melatonin
protects neuronal cells from A beta-mediated oxidative
damage and inhibits the formation of amyloid fibrils in
vitro. However, a direct relationship between melatonin and
the biochemical pathology of AD had not been demonstrated.
We used a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's amyloidosis
and monitored over time the effects of administering
melatonin on brain levels of A beta, abnormal protein
nitration, and survival of the mice. We report here that
administration of melatonin partially inhibited the expected
time-dependent elevation of beta-amyloid, reduced abnormal
nitration of proteins, and increased survival in the treated
transgenic mice. These findings may bear relevance to the
pathogenesis and therapy of AD.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01654.x},
Key = {fds254543}
}
@article{fds254542,
Author = {Albright, CD and Siwek, DF and Craciunescu, CN and Mar, M-H and Kowall,
NW and Williams, CL and Zeisel, SH},
Title = {Choline availability during embryonic development alters the
localization of calretinin in developing and aging mouse
hippocampus.},
Journal = {Nutritional neuroscience},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {129-134},
Year = {2003},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1028415031000084418},
Abstract = {Choline availability in the diet during pregnancy alters
fetal brain biochemistry with resulting behavioral changes
that persist throughout the lifetime of the offspring. In
the present study, the effects of dietary choline on the
onset of GABAergic neuronal differentiation in developing
fetal brain, as demarcated by the expression of calcium
binding protein calretinin, are described. In these studies,
timed-pregnant mice were fed choline supplemented, control
or choline deficient AIN-76 diet from day 12-17 of pregnancy
and the brains of their fetuses were studied on day 17 of
gestation. In the primordial dentate gyrus, we found that
pups from choline deficient-dams had more calretinin protein
(330% increase), and pups from choline supplemented-dams had
less calretinin protein (70% decrease), than did pups from
control-dams. Importantly, decreased calretinin protein was
still detectable in hippocampus in aged, 24-month-old mice,
born of choline supplemented-dams and maintained since birth
on a control diet. Thus, alterations in the level of
calretinin protein in fetal brain hippocampus could underlie
the known, life long effects of maternal dietary choline
availability on brain development and behavior.},
Doi = {10.1080/1028415031000084418},
Key = {fds254542}
}
@article{fds254545,
Author = {Matsubara, E and Bryant-Thomas, T and Pacheco, J and Henry, TL and Poeggeler, B and Herbert, D and Cruz-Sanchez, F and Chyan, YJ and Smith,
MA and Perry, G and Chain, DG and Neria, E and Shoji, M and Abe, K and Leone,
A and Grundke-Iqbal, I and Wilson, GL and Ghiso, J and Williams, C and Refolo, LM and Pappolla, MA},
Title = {Erratum: Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative
and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's
disease (Journal of Neurochemistry 85 (1101-1108))},
Journal = {Journal of Neurochemistry},
Volume = {86},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1312},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01997.x},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01997.x},
Key = {fds254545}
}
@article{fds254594,
Author = {Sandstrom, NJ and Loy, R and Williams, CL},
Title = {Prenatal choline supplementation increases NGF levels in the
hippocampus and frontal cortex of young and adult
rats.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {947},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-16},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02900-1},
Abstract = {Female Sprague-Dawley rats received approximately 300 mg/kg
per day of choline chloride through their drinking water on
days 11 of pregnancy through birth and the level of nerve
growth factor (NGF) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of
their male offspring was measured at 20 and 90 days of age.
Prenatal choline supplementation caused significant
increases in hippocampal NGF levels at 20 and 90 days of
age, while levels of NGF in the frontal cortex were elevated
in choline-supplemented rats at 20 days of age, but not 90
days of age. These results suggest that increases in NGF
levels during development or adulthood may be one mechanism
underlying improvements in spatial and temporal memory of
adult rats exposed to elevated levels of choline chloride
perinatally.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02900-1},
Key = {fds254594}
}
@article{fds254592,
Author = {Sandstrom, NJ and Williams, CL},
Title = {Memory retention is modulated by acute estradiol and
progesterone replacement.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {115},
Number = {2},
Pages = {384-393},
Year = {2001},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11345963},
Abstract = {Ovarian hormones alter spine density of hippocampal granule
and pyramidal cells in young adult and aging female rats (P.
Miranda, C. L. Williams, & G. Einstein, 1999; C. S. Woolley,
1998). The present study used a delayed matching-to-place
version of the water maze to investigate a behavioral
correlate of these hormone-induced changes in hippocampal
connectivity in 3- and 8-month-old female rats. When primed
with 10-microg injections of estradiol 72 and 48 hr before
testing, the memory retention of ovariectomized rats was
improved compared with retention after priming with oil. A
single injection of progesterone maintained this enhancement
if testing occurred within 8 hr of the progesterone
injection but not if testing occurred more than 24 hr after
the progesterone injection. These findings indicate that
estradiol and progesterone alter memory retention and
suggest that these changes may be the result of
hormone-induced increases in hippocampal
connectivity.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.115.2.384},
Key = {fds254592}
}
@article{fds29598,
Author = {McGowan, P.O. and Chun, D.E. and Williams, C.L.},
Title = {Role of Estrogen in Social and Object Recognition},
Volume = {16},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29598}
}
@article{fds29599,
Author = {C.L. Williams and Lamoureux, J.A. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {Variations in Maternal Dietary Intake of Choline Alter
Pavlovian Occasion Setting Learning of the
Offspring},
Volume = {19},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29599}
}
@article{fds29600,
Author = {Lamoureux, J.A. and Meck, W.H. and Williams,
C.L.},
Title = {Variations in Prenatal Choline Availability Alter Contextual
Processing during Pavolovian Conditioning in Adult
Rats},
Volume = {18},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds29600}
}
@article{fds254593,
Author = {Mohler, EG and Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Sustained Attention in Adult Mice is Modulated by Prenatal
Choline Availability},
Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Psychology},
Volume = {14},
Pages = {136-150},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds254593}
}
@article{fds254591,
Author = {Montoya, DA and White, AM and Williams, CL and Blusztajn, JK and Meck,
WH and Swartzwelder, HS},
Title = {Prenatal choline exposure alters hippocampal responsiveness
to cholinergic stimulation in adulthood.},
Journal = {Brain Res Dev Brain Res},
Volume = {123},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-32},
Year = {2000},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0165-3806},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11020547},
Abstract = {Manipulation of dietary choline levels during gestation
results in enduring neurobehavioral changes in offspring
that last into adulthood. Alterations of hippocampal
function and memory are among the most striking changes.
Depending upon the measures assessed, prenatal choline
supplementation tends to promote excitatory synaptic
efficacy in hippocampal circuits while prenatal choline
deficiency diminishes it. However, the mechanisms underlying
these changes remain unclear. Transverse hippocampal slices
were prepared from adult offspring of dams fed choline
supplemented, choline deficient, or control diets. We
assessed paired-pulse inhibition, and excitatory synaptic
responsiveness before and after activation of cholinergic
receptors with Carbachol. Prenatally choline deficient
animals yielded significantly fewer electrophysiological
viable hippocampal slices than did animals from either of
the other two treatment groups. Among the slices tested,
there were no differences in paired pulse inhibition between
the treatment groups. However, transient cholinergic
activation resulted in a prolonged enhancement of the
amplitude of the population EPSP (pEPSP) response in slices
from prenatally choline supplemented animals. These results
suggest that GABA receptor-mediated inhibition remains
intact after prenatal choline manipulations, and that
enhancement of the excitatory responsiveness of hippocampal
circuits in slices from prenatally choline supplemented rats
may be related in part to an increase in cholinergic tone
within the CA1 circuit.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0165-3806(00)00075-4},
Key = {fds254591}
}
@article{fds254589,
Author = {Jones, JP and Meck, WH and Williams, CL and Wilson, WA and Swartzwelder,
HS},
Title = {Choline availability to the developing rat fetus alters
adult hippocampal long-term potentiation.},
Journal = {Brain Res Dev Brain Res},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {159-167},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0165-3806},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10611515},
Abstract = {Supplementation with choline during pregnancy in rats causes
a long-lasting improvement of visuospatial memory of the
offspring. To determine if the behavioral effects of choline
are related to physiological changes in hippocampus, the
effect of perinatal choline supplementation or deficiency on
long-term potentiation (LTP) was examined in hippocampal
slices of 6-8 and 12-14 month old rats born to dams
consuming a control, choline-supplemented, or a choline-free
diet during pregnancy. Stimulating and recording electrodes
were placed in stratum radiatum of area CA1 to record
extracellular population excitatory postsynaptic potentials
(pEPSPs). To induce LTP, a theta-like stimulus train was
generated. The amplitude of the stimulus pulses was set at
either 10% or 50% of the stimulus intensity which had
induced the maximal pEPSP slope on the input/output curve.
We found that at both ages, a significantly smaller
percentage of slices from perinatally choline-deficient rats
displayed LTP after 10% stimulus intensity (compared with
control and choline-supplemented rats), and a significantly
larger percentage of slices from choline-supplemented rats
displayed LTP at 50% stimulus intensity (compared with
control and choline-deficient rats). Results reveal that
alterations in the availability of dietary choline during
discrete periods of development lead to changes in
hippocampal electrophysiology that last well into adulthood.
These changes in LTP threshold may underlie the observed
enhancement of visuospatial memory seen after prenatal
choline supplementation and point to the importance of
choline intake during pregnancy for development of brain and
memory function.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00103-0},
Key = {fds254589}
}
@article{fds254588,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Choline supplementation during prenatal development reduces
proactive interference in spatial memory.},
Journal = {Brain research. Developmental brain research},
Volume = {118},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {51-59},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0165-3806},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10611503},
Abstract = {Previous research has demonstrated that increasing dietary
choline during early development can have long-lasting
effects on cholinergic (Ch) function that are correlated
with improvement of spatial memory ability in rats. The
present study is designed to further our understanding of
these organizational changes in brain and behavior by
examining the effects of spaced vs. massed trials. A third
of the rats (n=10) were supplemented with choline chloride
prenatally by adding it to the drinking water of their dams.
Another third were made deficient of choline during early
development by removing choline from the dams diet. The
remaining rats served as untreated controls. Postnatally,
the offspring were maintained on a choline-sufficient diet
and at 120 days of age they began 12-arm radial maze
training. The maze data revealed two major effects of early
choline availability: (1) Both choline-supplemented and
choline-deficient rats performed more accurately than
control littermates when trials were spaced. These
differences in spatial ability did not appear to be a
function of differential response or cue-use strategies. (2)
Choline-supplemented rats showed little proactive
interference when trials were massed; whereas control rats
demonstrated moderate levels and choline-deficient rats
exhibited high levels of proactive interference as a
function of massed trials. These data suggest that the
behavioral consequences of early dietary availability of
choline may involve the modification of the discriminative
abilities used to attend to stimuli that demarcate the end
of one trial and the start of another as well as the
capacity for remembering the locations that have been
visited during a trial.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00105-4},
Key = {fds254588}
}
@article{fds254541,
Author = {Miranda, P and Williams, CL and Einstein, G},
Title = {Granule cells in aging rats are sexually dimorphic in their
response to estradiol.},
Journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the
Society for Neuroscience},
Volume = {19},
Number = {9},
Pages = {3316-3325},
Year = {1999},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0270-6474},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10212291},
Abstract = {Normal aging comprises cognitive decline, including
deterioration of memory. It has been suggested that this
decline in memory is sexually dimorphic because of the
cessation in gonadal steroid secretion that occurs during
reproductive aging in female, but not male, mammals. We
wondered whether neurons in brain regions associated with
learning and memory underwent morphological changes that
were dimorphic as well and whether cessation of the
secretion of gonadal steroids influenced these morphological
changes. To explore these questions, we deprived and
restored estrogens to young and old gonadectomized females
and males and studied the morphology of dentate granule
cells by intracellular dye filling in a lightly fixed slice
preparation. We found the following: (1) Aged female dentate
granule cells deprived of gonadal steroids long-term have a
paucity of dendritic spines compared with young females
deprived short-term; however, aged male dentate granule
cells deprived of gonadal steroids long-term have no
decrease in dendritic spines compared with young males
deprived short-term. (2) Aged female dentate granule cells
with long-term estrogen replacement at either high or low
levels still had a decline in spine density. (3) Aged female
dentate granule cells with short-term estradiol replacement
had spine density increased to levels normally observed in
young adults, whereas aged males with short-term estradiol
replacement had decreased spine density. These data suggest
that the response of rat dentate granule cells to aging and
estradiol is sexually dimorphic and that, in females, the
responsiveness of granule cells depends on the temporal
pattern of estradiol replacement.},
Doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.19-09-03316.1999},
Key = {fds254541}
}
@article{fds254587,
Author = {Cermak, JM and Blusztajn, JK and Meck, WH and Williams, CL and Fitzgerald, CM and Rosene, DL and Loy, R},
Title = {Prenatal availability of choline alters the development of
acetylcholinesterase in the rat hippocampus.},
Journal = {Developmental neuroscience},
Volume = {21},
Number = {2},
Pages = {94-104},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0378-5866},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10449981},
Abstract = {Choline (Ch) supplementation during embryonic days (ED)
12-17 enhances spatial and temporal memory in adult and aged
rats, whereas prenatal Ch deficiency impairs attention
performance and accelerates age-related declines in temporal
processing. To characterize the neurochemical and
neuroanatomical mechanisms that may mediate these behavioral
effects in rats, we studied the development [postnatal days
(PD) 1, 3, 7, 17, 27, 35, 90, and 26 months postnatally] of
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus,
neocortex and striatum as a function of prenatal Ch
availability. We further measured the density of
AChE-positive laminae (PD27 and PD90) and interneurons
(PD20) in the hippocampus as a function of prenatal Ch
availability. During ED11-ED17 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats
received a Ch-deficient, control or Ch-supplemented diet
(average Ch intake 0, 1.3 and 4.6 mmol/kg/day,
respectively). Prenatal Ch deficiency increased hippocampal
AChE activity as compared to control animals in both males
and females from the 2nd to 5th week postnatally. Moreover,
prenatal Ch supplementation reduced hippocampal AChE
activity as compared to control animals over the same
developmental period. There was no effect of prenatal Ch
status on either cortical or striatal AChE activity at any
age measured, and by PD90 the effect of Ch on hippocampal
AChE was no longer observed. In order to localize the early
changes in hippocampal AChE activity anatomically, frozen
coronal brain sections (PD20, PD27, PD90) were stained
histochemically for AChE. Consistent with biochemical
results, the AChE staining intensity was reduced in PD27
hippocampal laminae in the Ch-supplemented group and
increased in the Ch-deficient group compared to control
animals. There was no effect of the diet on hippocampal AChE
staining intensity on PD90. In addition, the prenatal Ch
availability was found to alter the size and density of
AChE-positive PD20 interneurons. These results show that
prenatal Ch availability has long-term consequences on the
development of the hippocampal cholinergic
system.},
Doi = {10.1159/000017371},
Key = {fds254587}
}
@article{fds12268,
Author = {Meck, W.H. and Williams, C.L.},
Title = {Choline Supplementation during Pre-and Postnatal Development
Reduces Proactive Interference in Spatial
Memory},
Journal = {Developmental Brain Research},
Volume = {118},
Pages = {51-59},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds12268}
}
@article{fds254590,
Author = {Miranda, P and Williams, CL and Einstein, G},
Title = {Aging Rat Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells Respond to Short
Term Replacement of Estradiol},
Journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {3316-3325},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds254590}
}
@article{fds254540,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {Estrogen effects on cognition across the
lifespan.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {80-84},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0018-506X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9799619},
Doi = {10.1006/hbeh.1998.1480},
Key = {fds254540}
}
@article{fds254539,
Author = {Sandstrom, NJ and Arnold, HM and Williams, CL},
Title = {Reactivation treatment prevents the memory-impairing effects
of scopolamine in preweanling rats.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {112},
Number = {4},
Pages = {909-919},
Year = {1998},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733197},
Abstract = {The authors report that the expression of a conditioned odor
aversion is impaired in preweanling rats when they are
conditioned on Postnatal Day 12 and tested under the
influence of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg,
intraperitoneal) after a 48-hr, but not after a 2-hr,
retention interval (Experiment 1). This effect of
scopolamine is not dependent on maturation of the
cholinergic system between Days 12 and 14 (Experiment 2),
nor is it due to peripheral mechanisms (Experiment 3). When
pups are reexposed to the unconditioned stimulus (footshock)
before drug administration, performance on the 48-hr
retention test is not impaired by scopolamine (Experiment
4). These findings demonstrate that the cholinergic system
may be critical for the retrieval and expression of
long-term or weak memories in young rats. However, the
expression of active memories (recent or recently
reactivated) may not be dependent on the cholinergic system
to the same extent as is the expression of inactive
memories.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.112.4.909},
Key = {fds254539}
}
@article{fds254567,
Author = {Williams, CL and Meck, WH and Heyer, DD and Loy, R},
Title = {Hypertrophy of basal forebrain neurons and enhanced
visuospatial memory in perinatally choline-supplemented
rats.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {794},
Number = {2},
Pages = {225-238},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9622639},
Abstract = {The effects of choline supplementation during two
time-frames of early development on radial-arm maze
performance and the morphology of basal forebrain neurons
immunoreactive for the P75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) in
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. In the
first experiment, rats were supplemented with choline
chloride from conception until weaning. At 80 days of age,
subjects were trained once a day on a 12-arm radial maze for
30 days. Compared to control littermates, supplemented rats
made fewer working and reference memory errors; however, the
memory enhancing effects of choline supplementation were
greater in males than females. A morphometric analysis of
NTR-immunoreactive cell bodies at three levels through the
medial septum/diagonal band (MS/DBv) of these rats revealed
that perinatal choline supplementation caused the somata of
cells in the MS/DBv to be larger by 8-15%. In a second
experiment, choline supplementation was restricted to
embryonic days 12-17. A developmental profile of NTR
immunoreactive cell bodies in the MS/DBv of 0-, 8-, 16-, 30-
and 90-day old male and female rats again revealed that cell
bodies were larger in choline-supplemented rats than
controls. As in the behavioral studies, the effect of
choline supplementation was greater in male than female
rats. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that
supplementation with choline chloride during early
development leads to an increase in the size of cell bodies
of NTR-immunoreactive cells in the basal forebrain and that
this change may contribute to long-term improvement in
spatial memory.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00229-7},
Key = {fds254567}
}
@article{fds254566,
Author = {Pyapali, GK and Turner, DA and Williams, CL and Meck, WH and Swartzwelder, HS},
Title = {Prenatal dietary choline supplementation decreases the
threshold for induction of long-term potentiation in young
adult rats.},
Journal = {J Neurophysiol},
Volume = {79},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1790-1796},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-3077},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535948},
Abstract = {Choline supplementation during gestation in rats leads to
augmentation of spatial memory in adulthood. We hypothesized
that prenatal (E12-E17) choline supplementation in the rat
would lead to an enhancement of hippocampal synaptic
plasticity as assessed by long-term potentiation (LTP) at
3-4 mo of age. LTP was assessed blindly in area CA1 of
hippocampal slices with first suprathreshold (above
threshold for LTP generation in control slices) theta-burst
stimulus trains. The magnitude of potentiation after these
stimuli was not different between slices from control and
prenatally choline supplemented animals. Next, threshold
(reliably leading to LTP generation in control slices) or
subthreshold theta-burst stimulus trains were applied to
slices from control, prenatally choline-supplemented, and
prenatally choline-deprived rats. Threshold level stimulus
trains induced LTP in slices from both the control and
choline-supplemented rats but not in those from the
choline-deficient rats. Subthreshold stimulus trains led to
LTP induction in slices from prenatally choline-supplemented
rats only. These observations indicate that prenatal dietary
manipulation of the amino acid, choline, leads to subsequent
significant alterations of LTP induction threshold in adult
animals.},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1790},
Key = {fds254566}
}
@article{fds254563,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Perinatal choline supplementation increases the threshold
for chunking in spatial memory.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {8},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3053-3059},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9331913},
Abstract = {Chunking and perinatal choline supplementation each provide
rats with alternative memory processing advantages. Evidence
from radial-arm maze performance of adult (2- to
5-month-old) rats indicates that chunking of multiple food
types (sunflower seeds, Noyes pellets and rice puffs)
emerges for stable, differentiable baiting patterns as a
function of the memory load (6, 12, 18 or 24 maze arms). The
number of maze arms appeared to determine both the level of
task difficulty at which rats began to implement a chunking
strategy as well as when they were unable to successfully
implement such a strategy due to the excess memorial demands
of the task. In comparison to control rats, rats treated
perinatally with choline supplementation displayed a
horizontal rightward shift of the response function that
related level of clustering of like-food types to the number
of maze arms. These results indicate a higher threshold for
implementing a chunking strategy in rats treated perinatally
with choline supplementation, possibly due to a
choline-induced increase in memory capacity.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199709290-00010},
Key = {fds254563}
}
@article{fds254564,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Characterization of the facilitative effects of perinatal
choline supplementation on timing and temporal
memory.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {8},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2831-2835},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9376513},
Abstract = {Perinatal choline supplementation can improve performance on
a variety of spatial memory tasks in adulthood. In order to
extend these studies, we have investigated the effects of
perinatal choline supplementation on the performance of a
peak-interval timing task in which a 20 s temporal criterion
was trained for a visual signal in adult (3-6 months old)
rats. Following 5 weeks of baseline training, rats received
systemic injections of nicotine (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg,
s.c.) or saline prior to testing on the peak-interval timing
task. The results indicated that perinatal choline
supplementation increased rats' sensitivity to the 20 s
temporal criterion during baseline training and facilitated
the clock speed enhancing effects of nicotine during drug
testing. The present study extends the types of long-term
cognitive enhancement produced by perinatal choline
supplementation to include the temporal processing domain
and relates these effects to modifications in cholinergic
function.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199709080-00005},
Key = {fds254564}
}
@article{fds254565,
Author = {Meck, WH and Williams, CL},
Title = {Simultaneous temporal processing is sensitive to prenatal
choline availability in mature and aged rats.},
Journal = {Neuroreport},
Volume = {8},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3045-3051},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0959-4965},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9331912},
Abstract = {Rats were trained at 2-4 months and at 24-26 months of age
on a peak-interval timing procedure in which auditory and
visual stimuli signaled two different fixed-interval
schedules of reinforcement (15 and 30 s) that were presented
simultaneously in a hierarchical fashion. Compared with
control rats, increases in the probability of attention to
the 15 s signal were observed for both the
choline-supplemented and the choline-deficient rats. In
contrast, an increase in attention to the 30 s signal was
only observed for the choline-supplemented rats, whereas
choline-deficient rats exhibited a decrease in attention
that increased with age. Proportional rightward shifts in
the remembered times of reinforcement emerged for the
24-26-month-old rats in the choline-deficient and control
groups, but not in the choline-supplemented group. These
results indicate that prenatal choline supplementation
facilitates cognitive function across the lifespan, whereas
prenatal choline deficiency impairs divided attention and
accelerates age-related declines in temporal
processing.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001756-199709290-00009},
Key = {fds254565}
}
@article{fds254538,
Author = {Benedict, GS and Williams, CL},
Title = {Hormonal modulation of the cutaneous initiation of lordosis
in infant and adult rats.},
Journal = {Hormones and behavior},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {449-469},
Year = {1993},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/hbeh.1993.1033},
Abstract = {The purpose of these experiments is to compare the regional
specificity (Experiment 1) and the hormonal modulation
(Experiment 2) of the cutaneous initiation of lordosis in 4-
to 6-day-old male and female rats (infants) and in 60- to
90-day-old female rats (adults). In Experiment 1, subjects
were primed with 100 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) and
0.5 mg progesterone (P) and were denervated on the Waist
(dermatomes L1-L3), Midriff (dermatomes T10-L3), Flanks
(dermatomes L4-L6), or Sides (dermatomes T10-L6). In
infants, there were no significant differences between males
and females. Denervation of the Waist, Midriff, or Sides but
not of the Flanks significantly decreased the percentage of
subjects displaying lordosis, lordosis quotient (LQ), and
mean lordosis duration; no significant differences were
obtained among Waist-, Midriff, or Sides-denervated infants.
In contrast, denervation of the Sides but not of the Waist
significantly decreased LQ and mean lordosis intensity among
adults. In Experiment 2, Waist-denervated infants and their
surgical Controls were treated either with 100 micrograms EB
and 0.5 mg P or with the oil vehicle; Waist-denervated
adults and their surgical Controls received either 100 or 10
micrograms EB (no P). Regardless of hormone treatment,
denervation of the Waist significantly decreased LQ and
lordosis duration in infants and decreased LQ and lordosis
intensity in adults. In infants, the only effect of priming
with EB and P was to increase the percentage of pups showing
lordosis and lordosis duration among the surgical Controls.
In contrast, priming with 100 micrograms EB significantly
increased the percentage of rats displaying lordosis, LQ,
and lordosis intensity among Waist-denervated adults. These
data suggest that cutaneous input from the Waist is
important for eliciting lordosis in both infant and adult
rats, and that the importance of this input is modulated by
hormone priming in adult but not infant rats.},
Doi = {10.1006/hbeh.1993.1033},
Key = {fds254538}
}
@article{fds323138,
Author = {KIMM, SYS and WILLIAMS, CL},
Title = {Introduction},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {699},
Number = {1},
Pages = {xi-xii},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1993},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18830.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18830.x},
Key = {fds323138}
}
@article{fds254561,
Author = {Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {The organizational effects of gonadal steroids on sexually
dimorphic spatial ability.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {155-176},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0306-4530},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1961837},
Abstract = {Numerous studies have provided evidence that both human and
nonhuman males reliably outperform females on tasks that
require spatial ability. Because most of the research on
this topic has utilized hormonally normal adults as
subjects, it is still not known to what extent, if any, sex
differences in spatial ability can be attributed to
hormonally organized dimorphisms in neural structures
subserving cognitive function. The purpose of this paper is
to address this critical issue in three areas: (1) Research
that demonstrates that male rodents initially outperform
females on maze tasks that utilize visuospatial
representation will be reviewed. (2) New data which provide
strong evidence for the organizational effects of gonadal
steroids will be described. The timing of the sensitive
period for hormone action, the specific hormones involved
and their possible sites of action will be discussed. (3)
The question of what behavioral processes hormones might be
affecting to cause differential performance on spatial tasks
will be examined. The studies described in this review
suggest that gonadal steroids, probably the testosterone
metabolite estradiol, cause organizational effects during
perinatal development which have multiple effects on the
associational-perceptual-motor biases that guide
visuospatial navigation.},
Doi = {10.1016/0306-4530(91)90076-6},
Key = {fds254561}
}
@article{fds254562,
Author = {Loy, R and Heyer, D and Williams, CL and Meck, WH},
Title = {Choline-induced spatial memory facilitation correlates with
altered distribution and morphology of septal
neurons.},
Journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
Volume = {295},
Pages = {373-382},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0065-2598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1776578},
Doi = {10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_21},
Key = {fds254562}
}
@article{fds254536,
Author = {Medici, F and Puder, D and Williams, CL},
Title = {Cholesterol screening in the pediatric office.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {623},
Pages = {200-204},
Year = {1991},
Key = {fds254536}
}
@article{fds254560,
Author = {Williams, CL and Barnett, AM and Meck, WH},
Title = {Organizational effects of early gonadal secretions on sexual
differentiation in spatial memory.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {104},
Number = {1},
Pages = {84-97},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2317288},
Abstract = {Neonatally castrated (MNC) and control male rats (MC) and
female rats treated neonatally with estradiol benzoate (FNE)
and female controls (FC) were studied. In Exp. 1 spatial
memory was assessed using a 12-arm radial maze. During
acquisition, MC and FNE groups were more accurate in choice
behavior than FC and MNC groups. In Exp. 2 the
discriminative control exerted by different types of cues
was evaluated. Alteration of the geometry of the room but
not movable landmarks disrupted performance of MC and FNE
groups. For the FC and MNC groups, alteration of either
geometry or landmarks did not disrupt performance. In Exp. 3
the effect of a 15-min delay was determined. MC and FNE
groups were more disrupted by a delay than MNC and FC
groups. Together, these data suggest that early exposure to
gonadal steroids (probably estradiol) improves acquisition
of spatial tasks by reorganizing and simplifying
associational-perceptual processes that guide spatial
ability.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.104.1.84},
Key = {fds254560}
}
@article{fds254559,
Author = {Meck, WH and Smith, RA and Williams, CL},
Title = {Organizational changes in cholinergic activity and enhanced
visuospatial memory as a function of choline administered
prenatally or postnatally or both.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {103},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1234-1241},
Year = {1989},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2610916},
Abstract = {This experiment was an examination of the effects of
supplemental dietary choline chloride given prenatally (to
the diet of pregnant rats) and postnatally (intubed directly
into the stomachs of rat pups) on memory function and
neurochemical measures of brain cholinergic activity of male
albino rats when they became adults. The data demonstrate
that perinatal choline supplementation causes (a) long-term
facilitative effects on working and reference memory
components of a 12-arm radial maze task, and (b)
alternations of muscarinic receptor density as indexed by
[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding and choline
acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex of adult rats. An analysis of the
relationship between these organizational changes in brain
and memory function indicated that the ChAT-to-QNB ratio in
the hippocampus is highly correlated with working memory
errors, and this ratio in the frontal cortex is highly
correlated with reference memory errors.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.103.6.1234},
Key = {fds254559}
}
@article{fds254535,
Author = {Williams, CL and Blaustein, JD},
Title = {Steroids induce hypothalamic progestin receptors and
facilitate female sexual behavior in neonatal
rats.},
Journal = {Brain research},
Volume = {449},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {403-407},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0006-8993},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(88)91064-5},
Abstract = {This report provides the first evidence that two
activational actions of estrogen can occur within the first
week of life in the rat. Priming 4-day-old rats with
exogenous estradiol benzoate facilitates lordosis and ear
wiggling-like behavior, and induces cytosol progestin
receptors in the medial basal hypothalamus and preoptic
region (Hyp-PoA) 44 h later. Moreover, unprimed male infants
show more intense lordosis and higher concentrations of
cytosol progestin receptors in Hyp-PoA than infant females.
Neonatal castration of male infants decreases their
concentration of cytosol progestin receptors in Hyp-PoA to
the levels normally seen in infant females. In addition,
priming 6-day-old infants with progesterone alone
facilitates lordosis in male but not female infants.
Together, these data demonstrate that in the male infant,
endogenous steroids of testicular origin have activational
as well as organizational actions.},
Doi = {10.1016/0006-8993(88)91064-5},
Key = {fds254535}
}
@article{fds254558,
Author = {Meck, WH and Smith, RA and Williams, CL},
Title = {Pre- and postnatal choline supplementation produces
long-term facilitation of spatial memory.},
Journal = {Developmental psychobiology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {339-353},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0012-1630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3378679},
Abstract = {Although research has demonstrated that short-term
improvement in memory function of adult rats can occur when
the availability of precursors for the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine is increased, little is known about whether
memory function of adult rats can be permanently altered by
precursor supplementation during early development. In the
present study, male albino rats were exposed to choline
chloride supplementation both prenatally (through the diet
of pregnant rats) and postnatally (subcutaneous injections).
At 60 days of age rats were tested on a 12- and 18-arm
radial maze task. Results indicated that compared to control
littermates, perinatal choline-treated rats showed more
accurate performance on both working and reference memory
components of the task. This performance difference was
apparent on the first block of sessions and continued
throughout training. Further analysis revealed that the
difference between choline and control rats is not due to
use of differential response or cue-use strategies. Instead,
it appears that choline induced performance differences are
due to long-term enhancement of spatial memory capacity and
precision.},
Doi = {10.1002/dev.420210405},
Key = {fds254558}
}
@article{fds254537,
Author = {Ramaswamy, SB},
Title = {Introduction},
Journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {5},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(88)90044-3},
Doi = {10.1016/0022-1910(88)90044-3},
Key = {fds254537}
}
@article{fds254534,
Author = {Williams, CL and Lorang, D},
Title = {Brain transections differentially alter lordosis and ear
wiggling of 6-day-old rats.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {101},
Number = {6},
Pages = {819-826},
Year = {1987},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0735-7044.101.6.819},
Abstract = {Six-day-old male and female rats display lordosis and ear
wiggling in response to tactile stimulation of the flanks
and rump, without priming by exogenous estrogen. The
involvement of various brain regions in these behaviors,
which resemble components of adult female sexual behavior,
was examined by making acute transections along the neuraxis
from the olfactory tract to the medulla in 6-day-old rats.
Four to 5 hr after the transection procedure, pups were
tested for lordosis and ear wiggling. Lordosis was severely
reduced or eliminated in pups with cuts through the
hindbrain or diencephalon (above the level of the mammillary
bodies) but was relatively unaffected by cuts through the
posterior hypothalamus and rostral tegmentum and by cuts
rostral to the anterior hypothalamus. Ear wiggling was
disrupted by transections throughout the hindbrain and was
facilitated only in females by transections throughout the
forebrain (anterior to the mammillary bodies). These data
suggest that facilitation from the hypothalamus is required
for lordosis in the infant rat and the forebrain inhibitory
systems for ear wiggling are functional in female infants by
6 days of age. Similarities and differences between the
neural control of lordosis and ear wiggling in infant and
adult rats suggest that the infant sex-like behaviors may be
precursors of adult female sexual behavior.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.101.6.819},
Key = {fds254534}
}
@article{fds254533,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {Estradiol benzoate facilitates lordosis and ear wiggling of
4- to 6-day-old rats.},
Journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
Volume = {101},
Number = {5},
Pages = {718-723},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0735-7044},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0735-7044.101.5.718},
Abstract = {The effects of exogenous and endogenous steroids on
components of female sexual behavior of neonatal male and
female rats were investigated. In Experiment 1, 4-day-old
rats were treated with 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 100 micrograms/10
g body weight estradiol benzoate (EB) and were tested 44 hr
later. In Experiment 2, male rats castrated within 24 to 48
hr of birth were compared with sham operated controls and
castrates given steroid replacement. The results indicated
that most 6-day-old pups will display lordosis and ear
wiggling; therefore, the display of these responses is not
dependent upon exogenous steroids. However, a fine-grained
behavioral analysis revealed that EB treatment increased the
frequency, duration, and intensity of lordosis and the
frequency of ear wiggling in infant females, and it
increased lordosis duration in males. Castration of infant
males decreased the likelihood that male infants would
display lordosis, whereas testosterone replacement restored
behavior to control levels. These data question the concept
that organizational and activational actions of estrogens
occur during completely separable times in development and
should provide new insights into the development of estrogen
receptor function and the process of sexual differentiation
of brain and behavior.},
Doi = {10.1037//0735-7044.101.5.718},
Key = {fds254533}
}
@article{fds254531,
Author = {Williams, CL and Blass, EM},
Title = {Development of postglucoprivic insulin-induced suckling and
feeding in rats.},
Journal = {The American journal of physiology},
Volume = {253},
Number = {1 Pt 2},
Pages = {R121-R127},
Year = {1987},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.1.r121},
Abstract = {Increased food or milk intake in response to insulin-induced
hypoglycemia cannot be demonstrated in the rat until pups
reach weaning age. However, when food and suckling are
withheld from insulin-treated 5- to 25-day-old rats until
their altered blood glucose levels return to normal, their
rate of milk intake via suckling from their anesthetized dam
is increased over saline-treated control pups. This
postglucoprivic action of insulin could not be demonstrated
in rats consuming wet mash until pups reached 25-30 days of
age. Nonnutritive oral stimulation from dry suckling during
the glucoprivic episode is sufficient to disrupt
postglucoprivic suckling in 20-day-old rats. In contrast
consuming a small quantity of wet mash became an effective
inhibitor of postglucoprivic suckling only when pups reached
25 days of age. These data demonstrate the existence of an
insulin-sensitive neural system for suckling and feeding in
infant rats and point to the involvement of multiple and
changing oral factors during development in insulin-induced
postglucoprivic feeding.},
Doi = {10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.1.r121},
Key = {fds254531}
}
@article{fds254532,
Author = {Sullivan, RM and Brake, SC and Hofer, MA and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Huddling and independent feeding of neonatal rats can be
facilitated by a conditioned change in behavioral
state.},
Journal = {Developmental psychobiology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {6},
Pages = {625-635},
Year = {1986},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.420190613},
Abstract = {Infant rat pups were exposed to a novel odor (orange or
cedar) while they received tactile stimulation (stroking of
the body) or were presented with odor or stroking alone. The
effects of these treatments were assessed on pups'
performance in a huddling test (Experiment 1 and 2) and an
independent feeding test (Experiment 3). During these tests,
only pups that had received the simultaneous presentation of
the odor and stroking exhibited an increase in huddling and
feeding. The increase in these behaviors was dependent on
the presence of the conditioned odor during
testing.},
Doi = {10.1002/dev.420190613},
Key = {fds254532}
}
@article{fds254530,
Author = {Williams, CL},
Title = {A reevaluation of the concept of separable periods of
organizational and activational actions of estrogens in
development of brain and behavior.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {474},
Pages = {282-292},
Year = {1986},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb28019.x},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb28019.x},
Key = {fds254530}
}
@article{fds254529,
Author = {Hall, WG and Williams, CL},
Title = {Suckling Isn't Feeding, or Is It? A Search for Developmental
Continuities},
Journal = {Advances in the Study of Behavior},
Volume = {13},
Number = {C},
Pages = {219-254},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0065-3454},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60290-9},
Abstract = {This chapter describes the suckling behavior of infant rats
and some of the recently developed techniques used to study
it. It provides a basis for discussion of the relationship
between suckling and later ingestive behavior. It is assumed
that at least two possible states of affairs could exist:
(1) either the suckling system and later ingestion are
continuous and based on the same underlying neural
structures and organization, with suckling merely undergoing
changes that turn it into the adult ingestive system by the
time of weaning; or (2) the adult ingestive system is built
on a separate ingestive structure and has little in common
with that of suckling. The chapter discusses the ways in
which suckling behavior differs from later ingestive
behavior and points out suggestive differences in the
physiological controls and neural substrates of suckling and
later ingestion. It shows that another ingestive system does
exist in rat pups concurrently with suckling, and while it
is not used by the infant during normal development, this
system may represent the true forerunner of later ingestive
behavior. © 1983, Academic Press, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60290-9},
Key = {fds254529}
}
@article{fds254527,
Author = {Pedersen, PE and Williams, CL and Blass, EM},
Title = {Activation and odor conditioning of suckling behavior in
3-day-old albino rats.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior
processes},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {329-341},
Year = {1982},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0097-7403},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.8.4.329},
Abstract = {The circumstances under which a novel odor could elicit
nipple attachment behavior in 3-day-old albino rats were
investigated. In Experiment 1, rats suckled washed nipples
scented with citral (a lemon odor) only if they either had
received tactile stimulation (by stroking with a soft
artist's brush) or had been administered amphetamine in the
presence of citral prior to the suckling test. Pups
stimulated in citral's absence or simply exposed to citral
without stimulation failed to suckle such nipples. In
Experiment 2, rats stimulated in a benzaldehyde (an almond
odor) ambience suckled washed nipples scented with
benzaldehyde but not those with citral scent. The opposite
held for rats stimulated in a citral-rich environment. The
stimulus conditions that support this conditioning were
investigated in Experiment 3. Simultaneously increasing
citral concentration and raising ambient temperature
markedly attenuated the phenomenon. Experiment 4
demonstrated that not all classes of stimulation produced
conditioning. Caffeine, in a wide range of doses, did not
allow citral to elicit suckling on washed nipples. These
findings are discussed within a framework of higher order
conditioning. They may provide a mechanism by which
naturally occurring stimuli come to elicit the species- and
age-typical behavior of suckling.},
Doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.8.4.329},
Key = {fds254527}
}
@article{fds254528,
Author = {Williams, CL and Hall, WG and Rosenblatt, JS},
Title = {Changing oral cues in suckling of weaning-age rats: Possible
contributions to weaning},
Journal = {Journal of Comparative and Physiological
Psychology},
Volume = {94},
Number = {3},
Pages = {472-483},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1980},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-9940},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0077682},
Abstract = {Four experiments assessed the relative contribution of oral
and nutritional stimuli in the control of suckling in 20-
and 25-day-old Sprague-Dawley CD rat pups. Oral factors were
critical to suckling satiety, since the initiation of a
suckling bout in weanling pups was not retarded by food
infused directly into the stomach. As late as 20 days of
age, suckling deprivation induced suckling largely through
its stimulus-deprivation effects (olfactory, gustatory,
somesthetic, and proprioceptive sensations) rather than
through its food-deprivation effects. By 25 days of age, the
type of oral stimulation that led to suckling satiety
expanded; oral stimulation provided by independent feeding
acquired characteristics that allowed it also to inhibit
suckling. This developmental change in the stimuli that
modulated suckling did not appear to be critically dependent
on sensory changes in the dam or experiential events within
the litter. The behavioral change, therefore, may represent
a maturation of neural systems that facilitate the
transition from suckling to independent feeding. (38 ref)
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights
reserved). © 1980 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/h0077682},
Key = {fds254528}
}
@article{fds254525,
Author = {Williams, CL and Rosenblatt, JS and Hall, WG},
Title = {Inhibition of suckling in weaning-age rats: a possible
serotonergic mechanism.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative and physiological
psychology},
Volume = {93},
Number = {3},
Pages = {414-429},
Year = {1979},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0077592},
Abstract = {The nature, development, and specificity of serotonergic
involvement in the control of suckling behavior in rat pups
from 10 to 35 days of age were studied. During development,
suckling normally declines after 10 days and is abandoned
after 30 days. It was found that (a) methysergide, a
serotonin (5-HT) receptor blocker, reinstated suckling
behavior in pups 15 days of age and older but had no effect
on the suckling of 10-day old pups, (b) quipazine, a 5-HT
receptor agonist, inhibited suckling of pups 10 days of age
and older, (c) methysergide pretreatment blocked the
quipazine inhibition of suckling, and (d) metergoline,
another 5-HT blocker, also stimulated suckling, and
fenfluramine, a 5-HT releaser, blocked suckling in deprived
pups. Together, these data support the hypothesis that a
serotonergic inhibitory mechanism modulates the suckling of
weaning-age rats. These pharmacological manipulations of
5-HT appear to alter specific components of suckling
behavior involved in its initiation and maintenance but do
not appear to alter a general hunger system.},
Doi = {10.1037/h0077592},
Key = {fds254525}
}
@article{fds254524,
Author = {Nock, B and Williams, CL and Hall, WG},
Title = {Suckling behavior of the infant rat: modulation by a
developing neurotransmitter system.},
Journal = {Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {277-280},
Year = {1978},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0091-3057},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(78)90316-7},
Abstract = {Drugs which alter serotonin receptor activity modified the
suckling behavior of 20-day-old rat pups. Suckling could be
reinstated in nondeprived pups, which normally do not
suckle, by blockade of serotonin receptors with
methysergide. Stimulation of serotonin receptors with
quipazine inhibited suckling in deprived pups, and this
effect was prevented by methysergide pretreatment. This
evidence suggests that suckling in weaning age pups is
controlled by a serotonergic inhibitory mechanism.},
Doi = {10.1016/0091-3057(78)90316-7},
Key = {fds254524}
}
@article{fds254526,
Author = {McGill, TE and Albelda, SM and Bible, HH and Williams,
CL},
Title = {Inhibition of the ejaculatory reflex in B6D2F mice by
testosterone propionate.},
Journal = {Behavioral biology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {3},
Pages = {373-378},
Year = {1976},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0091-6773},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6773(76)91512-1},
Abstract = {Testosterone propionate was administered in adulthood to
neonatally androgenized female house mice and castrated male
house mice of the B6D2F1 genotype. Lengthening of
Ejaculation Latency (a measure of mating time) occurred in
both groups. Castrated males showed a proportional increase
in Ejaculation Latency with increasing dose. This result,
which we believe to be the first of its kind, suggests that
testosterone propionate inhibits the ejaculatory reflex in
this genotype. © 1976 Academic Press, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0091-6773(76)91512-1},
Key = {fds254526}
}
@article{fds254523,
Author = {Kristal, MB and Williams, CL},
Title = {The effects of strain, reproductive condition, and strain of
placenta donor on placentophagia in nonpregnan
mice},
Journal = {Physiological Psychology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {354-356},
Year = {1973},
Abstract = {The effects on placentophagia of strain, reproductive
condition, and strain of placenta donor were observed in
nonpregnant mice. Mice of the C57BL7/6By and BALB/cBy
strains were exposed to placentas of either strain after
either no previous parturitional experience, one
parturitional experience without nursing experience, or one
parturitional experience with nursing experience. There was
a significant effect of strain, a significant effect of
reproductive condition, but no significant effect of strain
of placenta donor. There was a significant interaction
between strain and reproductive condition, but no
significant interactions with placenta strain. It was
inferred that the ability of a mouse to acquire and utilize
relevant stimuli during and after parturition, in order to
produce an emancipation of placentophagia from the
physiological controls associated with parturition, is
influenced by genotype.},
Key = {fds254523}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds26272,
Author = {Williams, C.L.},
Title = {Hormones and Cognition},
Pages = {527-577},
Booktitle = {Behavioral Endocrinology},
Publisher = {Boston, MA, MIT Press},
Editor = {Becker, J.B. and Breedlove, S.M. and Crews, D.},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds26272}
}
@misc{fds26273,
Author = {C.L. Williams and Mohler, E.G.},
Title = {Prenatal Choline Supplementation Modifies Brain Development:
Improved Cognition and Neuroprotection},
Pages = {1-14},
Booktitle = {Diet-Brain Connections: Impact on Memory, Aging and
Disease},
Publisher = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic},
Editor = {M. Mattson},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds26273}
}
%% Articles Submitted
@article{fds221976,
Author = {Kristen E. Pleil and Marsha R. Penner and Rosalie Y. Yan and Christina L. Williams},
Title = {Estradiol state modulates the reliability of Arc mRNA
expression in the intact female rat hippocampus and dorsal
striatum during spatial navigation},
Journal = {Journal of Neuroscience, submitted},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221976}
}
@article{fds221979,
Author = {Tognoni CM and Flores CT and Chavez-Wulsin A and Babb EA and Kurtzberg
J, Friedman HS and Jones LW and Williams CL},
Title = {Voluntary running recovers hippocampal neuroplasticity
following whole-brain irradiation in immunodeficient
mice},
Journal = {Brain, Behavior and Immunity},
Year = {2013},
Key = {fds221979}
}
%% Other
@misc{fds11622,
Author = {Albright, C.D. and Siwek, D.F. and Craciuneuscu, C.N. and Mar, M.H. and Williams, C.L. and Kowall, N.W. and Blusztajn, N.},
Title = {"Maternal Dietary Choline Availability Results in
Alterations in the Localization of Calretinin in Fetal Mouse
Hippocampus that are Retained in Adult Mouse
Brain"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {28},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11622}
}
@misc{fds11623,
Author = {Lamoureux, J.A. and Buhusi, C.V. and Williams, C.L. and Meck,
W.H.},
Title = {"Variations in Prenatal Choline Availability alter
Attentional Processing of Temporal Information in Adult
Rats"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {28},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11623}
}
@misc{fds11624,
Author = {McGowan, P.O. and Hope, T.A and Williams, C.L. and Kelsoe, G. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {"Impairment of Social Recognition Memory in RAG-1-But not
RAG-2-Deficient Mice"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {28},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11624}
}
@misc{fds11625,
Author = {Mohler, E.G. and Meck, W.H. and Williams, C.L.},
Title = {"Prenatal Choline Supplementation Rescues Memory Deficits
Caused by Apolipoprotein e Deficiency in Female c57bl/6j
Mice"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {28},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds11625}
}
@misc{fds11617,
Author = {Lamoureux, J.A. and Meck, W.H. and Williams,
C.L.},
Title = {"Variations in Prenatal Choline Availability Alter
Contextual Processing during Pavlovian Conditiong in Adult
Rats"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {27},
Number = {Prog. #79},
Pages = {18},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11617}
}
@misc{fds11618,
Author = {McGowan, P.O. and Chun, D.E. and Williams, C.L.},
Title = {"Role of Estrogen in Social and Object Recognition Memory in
Mice"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {27},
Number = {Program #188},
Pages = {16},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11618}
}
@misc{fds11626,
Author = {C.L. Williams and Lamoureux, J.A. and Meck, W.H.},
Title = {"Variations in Maternal Dietary Intake of Choline Alter
Pavlovian Occasion Setting Learning of the
Offspring"},
Journal = {Society for Neuroscience Abstracts},
Volume = {27},
Number = {Program #79},
Pages = {19},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11626}
}
@misc{fds11627,
Author = {McGowen, P. and Williams, C.L.},
Title = {"Estradiol Modulation and Sex Differences in Social
Recognition Memory in Mice"},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds11627}
}
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