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| Publications of Myron L. Wolbarsht :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds254730,
Author = {Decruz, A and wolbarsht, ML and Andreotti, A and Colombini, MP and Pinna, D and Culberson, CF},
Title = {Investigation of the Er:YAG laser at 2.94 μm to remove
lichens growing on stone},
Journal = {Studies in Conservation},
Volume = {54},
Number = {4},
Pages = {268-277},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0039-3630},
Abstract = {The analysis of the surface ablation of the removal of
lichens from stone by use of a free-running pulsed Er:YAG
laser (erbium-doped yttrium, aluminium, garnet crystal) at a
wavelength of 2.94 μm demonstrated the complete destruction
of the lichen cell wall. In this paper these results are
confirmed, and experiments are described which seek to
determine the physical/ chemical mechanism of the ablation
process using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(pyrolysis GC-MS), highperformance liquid chromatography
(HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and
fluorescence microscopy.},
Key = {fds254730}
}
@article{fds254729,
Author = {Stefansson, E and III, MBL and Wolbarsht, M},
Title = {Retinal vessel caliber and diabetic retinopathy
[3]},
Journal = {Archives of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {123},
Number = {5},
Pages = {709-},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds254729}
}
@article{fds254728,
Author = {Bracco, P and Lanterna, G and Matteini, M and Nakahara, K and Sartiani,
O and Cruz, AD and Wolbarsht, ML and Adamkiewicz, E and Colombini,
MP},
Title = {Er:YAG laser: An innovative tool for controlled cleaning of
old paintings: Testing and evaluation},
Journal = {Journal of Cultural Heritage},
Volume = {4},
Number = {SUPPL. 1},
Pages = {202s-208s},
Year = {2003},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(02)01232-3},
Abstract = {A cleaning method based on an Er:YAG laser system at 2.94
μm, highly absorbed by OH bonds, was tested for removal of
over-paintings, varnishes and patina top-layers from various
painted surfaces, including laboratory paint models and old
paintings. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency,
selectivity and safety of the laser cleaning method using
various pulse energies and various OH containing wetting
agents to enhance the efficacy and limit the penetration of
the laser beam. A large number of paint models were prepared
with known characteristics (type and number of layers,
thickness, composition) simulating old masters' techniques.
A set of diagnostic controls was designed to study the
effects of the laser radiation on the surface components,
including morphological, optical and chemical examination
and analyses. The aim was also to compare the laser method
with the traditional solvent based procedures. Thresholds of
safe energy were found for each type of surface layer such
as varnishes and over-paintings. The results confirmed the
suitability of the Er:YAG laser when used by qualified and
expert conservators, especially in combination with
traditional chemical and mechanical cleaning methods. ©
2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1296-2074(02)01232-3},
Key = {fds254728}
}
@article{fds254727,
Author = {Cruz, AD and Wolbarsht, ML and Hauger, SA},
Title = {Laser removal of contaminants from painted
surfaces},
Journal = {Journal of Cultural Heritage},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {S173-S180},
Year = {2000},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(00)00182-5},
Abstract = {An analysis of surface ablation by laser exposure of art
objects as part of the conservation process indicates that
heat diffusion from the site of laser exposure may be
minimized by proper selection of wavelength and exposure
duration. A model for unwanted material removal with a laser
has been developed taking account of the threshold
phenomenon of ablation as a function of wavelength, and
exposures at 2.94 μm by an Er:YAG laser with short duration
pulses is compared with those from a Nd:YAG (1 064 and 532
nm), CO2 (10.6 μm) and the ultraviolet excimer laser at 193
nm. Thermal diffusion is minimized by taking advantage of
the large amount of heat removed by the phase change of
water into steam. This model suggests that for bulk removal
at strongly absorbed wavelengths, many short pulses are
better than continuous exposures. The selection of the
Er:YAG laser allows the use of hollow glass waveguides of
high flexibility, which are commercially available, as
delivery systems. Examples of successful removal are given
for contaminants overlying a Madonna's gold leaf halo and
the heavy dark accumulation of soot on an unvarnished oil
painting, as well as for thick synthetic adhesive on canvas.
© 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier
SAS.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1296-2074(00)00182-5},
Key = {fds254727}
}
@article{fds254725,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Urbach, F},
Title = {The Lancer Ethnicity Scale.},
Journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
Volume = {25},
Number = {2},
Pages = {105-106},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0196-8092},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1999)25:2<105::aid-lsm1>3.0.co;2-e},
Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1999)25:2<105::aid-lsm1>3.0.co;2-e},
Key = {fds254725}
}
@article{fds254726,
Author = {Cruz, AD and Hauger, SA and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {The role of lasers},
Journal = {Optics and Photonics News},
Volume = {10},
Number = {7},
Pages = {36-40},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1047-6938},
Key = {fds254726}
}
@article{fds254720,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {Diagnosis of the acute red eye.},
Journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine},
Volume = {91},
Number = {10},
Pages = {560},
Year = {1998},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0141-0768},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10070388},
Key = {fds254720}
}
@article{fds254721,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Correction: Diagnosis of the acute red eye (Journal of the
Royal Society of Medicine (1998) October
(560))},
Journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine},
Volume = {91},
Number = {12},
Pages = {662-},
Year = {1998},
Key = {fds254721}
}
@article{fds254722,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Thermal and nonthermal mechanisms in the removal of
port-wine stains},
Journal = {Laser Physics},
Volume = {8},
Number = {3},
Pages = {782-784},
Year = {1998},
Abstract = {Laser exposure thermal models for the destruction of the
skin blood vessels in port-wine stains will be compared to a
model in which the unwanted vessels are removed by
laser-generated oxygen-free radicals. Theoretical aspects
and clinical results for the new model will be presented
showing its clinical advantages. Copyright © 1998 by MANK
Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing.},
Key = {fds254722}
}
@article{fds254723,
Author = {Weinbaum, A and Hathcock, G and Whalen, T and Wolbarsht,
M},
Title = {Here's how to prevent laser fires in the
OR.},
Journal = {Health facilities management},
Volume = {11},
Number = {9},
Pages = {28-30},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0899-6210},
Key = {fds254723}
}
@article{fds254724,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Survey of bioeffects data and format of standard exposure
boundaries},
Journal = {Journal of laser applications},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {106-108},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {1042-346X},
Abstract = {As increasingly more applications of lasers are formulated,
the gaps in our quantitative data base of biological data
are highlighted. In the past, just as now, research is tied
to the need for safety data for specific applications. All
too often in the past ambiguity or large disjunctions in the
expression of the safety limits were ignored because "nobody
uses a laser here anyway." Such a cavalier attitude is
rarely possible anymore as lasers are at all wavelengths and
pulse durations, even as in the ultrashort pulse range where
only guidelines have been offered to data due to lack of
quantitative experimental information. As the gaps in our
information are filled, another problem arises. The original
formulation of the safety limits was intended more as a
backup for the classification scheme, and there were only a
few lasers to classify. As only a relatively few experts
used the safety boundary equations either to classify new
lasers or to deal with applications not easily covered by
standard classification schemes, the mathematical
formulations of the boundary conditions were not clearly
stated and required cumbersome calculations and references
to several tables before any correct answer could be
determined. The next revision of the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists and ANSI documents will
embody some changes intended to simplify the calculations
and make them more rational. Some examples are the use of
dimensionally correct equations and decimal exponents. ©
1998 Laser Institute of America.},
Key = {fds254724}
}
@article{fds254719,
Author = {Lockhead, G and Dragoi, V and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {The micfogenesis of geometrical illusions: contextdependent
changes in visiual sensitivity and the muller-lyer
effect},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
Volume = {38},
Number = {4},
Pages = {S643},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
Abstract = {Purpose, We analyze the influence of visual contexts which
resemble the Muller-Lyer configuration on the detectability
of a target stimulus. Methods. Six adult subjects were
instructed to detect the occurrence of a target while the
target and the context were briefly flashed periodically.
During each trial the target was presented alone, in
conjunction with the context, or neither target nor context
were presented. The target occurred randomly at one of four
contrasts; the context (outward or inward arrowhead) was
always presented at high contrast. We measured the detection
ratio (denned as proportion correct detections) for all four
target contrasts in the following conditions: (a) target
alone; (b) target and outward arrowhead; (c) target and
inward arrowhead. We varied the angle between the arrowhead
fins and the distance between the arrowhead and the target.
Results. Target detection is facilitated by the inward
arrowhead and suppressed by the outward arrowhead. The
amount of facilitation and suppression increases
monotonically with the decrease in arrowhead angie, but it
diminishes as target contrast increases. When the distance
between target and context increases, both inhibitory and
excitatory effects diminish drastically in strength. If
distance is further increased the influence of the outward
arrowhead changes from suppression to facilitation. The
inhibitory and excitatory effects are amplified if a
symmetric arrowhead is added on the other end of the target.
All observed variations in detection ratio match
qualitatively the lesults obtained with the Mulier-Lyer
illusion, in which a bar appears long or short when it is
flanked by inward or outward arrowheads. Conclusions, (a)
Previous results (e.g., Kapadia et al., 1995; Polat and
Sagi, 1994) reported facilitory effects of the surround. We
found that as a function of surround orientation and spatial
offset there is a continuum of surround modulations ranging
from strong inhibition to strong excitation; (b) Our
findings are consistent with short and long-range receptive
field interactions in primary visual cortex and suggest a
physiological basis for surround modulation; (c) The
Muller-Lyer extent illlusion is correlated with target
detectability. We suggest that detectability and perceived
extent are caused by the same mechanism.},
Key = {fds254719}
}
@article{fds254718,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Permanent blindness from laser exposures in laboratory and
industrial accidents},
Journal = {Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Active Materials:
Behavior and Mechanics},
Volume = {2674},
Pages = {21-24},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0277-786X},
Abstract = {Legal entanglements prevent publication of details on most
laboratory and industrial laser accidents in the USA. Many
macular injuries involving the fovea show no signs of
recovery after several years. Both single eye (usually the
dominant one) and binocular exposures are found usually
resulting in large deficits in visual performance. The
primary lesion is rarely, if ever, centered in the fovea,
but is eccentric, superior and nasal and in the parafoveal
zone. Accidental laser exposures below the damage threshold
are sometimes falsely implicated causally in pre-existing
retinal pathology, the grandmother syndrome. Another source
of confusion is malingering, either hysterical or
purposeful. One test for macular function has been designed
to detect malingering, the flash Amsler grid. Functional
loss has not been seen without retinal pathology that is
easily visible with an ophthalmoscope. The circumstances of
almost all accidents resulting in permanent damage are
similar and involve Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers at 1,064 nm
with the exposure individual staring directly at something
in the beam path on purpose. The injurious exposure to the
beam occurs by reflection or through an improperly used
attenuator. Almost all were foreseeable by well established
hazard analysis techniques and preventable by standard laser
safety programs or conventional engineering
controls.},
Key = {fds254718}
}
@article{fds254716,
Author = {Hoke, JA and Jr, EJB and Gomes, ED and Hooper, BA and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {The effect of free electron laser exposure on tooth
structure},
Journal = {Lasers in the Life Sciences},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {251-257},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds254716}
}
@article{fds254714,
Author = {Xu, J and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Laser injury in China},
Journal = {Lasers in the Life Sciences},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {181-185},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds254714}
}
@article{fds254715,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and safety
considerations},
Journal = {Journal of Laser Applications},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {170-172},
Year = {1994},
Abstract = {Although the low-power HeNe lasers and diode lasers used for
low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photoactivation of
biological processes are usually thought to be 'safe', the
possibility that such lasers can cause biological effects
raises the question of whether such laser action may, under
some conditions, be adverse and thus be unsafe. Some
research data can be interpreted as evidence for adverse
effects. Laser safety standards classify all CW HeNe lasers
with an output power below 1 mW as 'Class 2,' as they are
not considered a realistic hazard, whereas most HeNe lasers
with an output power between 1 and 15 mW are Class 3A or 3B.
Most diode lasers used for LLLT are considered Class 3B.
Safety control measures for ocular hazards are expected for
Class 3A and 3B laser exposures, but any adverse effects of
LLLT will result from long-duration, high-level doses to
parts other than the eyes. The hazards will be systemic
rather than ocular, and, thus, need evaluation. The safety
implications of current knowledge regarding LLLT are
discussed with regard to the demonstrated effects in cell
cultures, and on vitamin D synthesis is regard to calcium
metabolism in adults.},
Key = {fds254715}
}
@article{fds254717,
Author = {Schwarzmaier, H-J and Goldbach, T and Ulrich, F and Schober, R and Kahn,
T and Kaufmann, R and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Improved laser applicators for interstitial thermotherapy of
brain structures},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {2132},
Pages = {4-12},
Year = {1994},
Abstract = {Interstitial thermotherapy is a new treatment for deep
seated brain tumors. To destroy large tissue volumes without
adverse effects (vaporization, carbonization) a new laser
catheter was developed. The device combines the radiative
heating of distant tissue volumes with the conductive
cooling of areas close to the optical fiber
tip.},
Key = {fds254717}
}
@article{fds254713,
Author = {Shi, D and Xing, X and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Influence of vibration on microdiameter measurements using a
laser-charge-coupled device system.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {32},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2304-2311},
Year = {1993},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-6935},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20820387},
Abstract = {The influence of vibration on dynamic measurements of
microdiameters using a laser diffraction-CCD detection
system is studied. The theoretical analysis indicates that
the influence of vibration on the diffraction pattern of a
measured object introduces significant errors into its
diameter measurement, and the improvement can be approached
by using a TEM(00) Gaussian incident beam instead of the
usual uniform beam. The experimental results of these cases
are also presented and in good accordance with the
theoretical analysis.},
Key = {fds254713}
}
@article{fds323489,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney, DH},
Title = {ANSI Laser Safety Standard Historical Development},
Journal = {Journal of laser applications},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {18-21},
Year = {1992},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4745311},
Doi = {10.2351/1.4745311},
Key = {fds323489}
}
@article{fds323490,
Author = {Anderberg, B and Bring, OE and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Blinding Laser Weapons and International Humanitarian
Law},
Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {287-297},
Year = {1992},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343392029003005},
Doi = {10.1177/0022343392029003005},
Key = {fds323490}
}
@article{fds323491,
Author = {Rockwell, RJ and Marshall, WJ and Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney,
DH},
Title = {ANSI Z136.1 Proposed 1992 Changes: An overview of the
proposed changes to the American National Standard Z136.1
For The Safe Use of Lasers},
Journal = {Journal of laser applications},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-50},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4745298},
Doi = {10.2351/1.4745298},
Key = {fds323491}
}
@article{fds254710,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Erratum: Cataract from infrared lasers: Evidence for
photochemical mechanisms (Lasers and Light in Ophthalmology,
Vol. 4, No. 2, Sept. 1991, pp. 91-96)},
Journal = {Lasers and Light in Ophthalmology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {1},
Pages = {i},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds254710}
}
@article{fds254711,
Author = {Jr, EJB and Hoke, J and Gomes, E and Wolbarsht, M},
Title = {Wet versus dry enamel ablation by Er:YAG
laser},
Journal = {The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry},
Volume = {67},
Number = {6},
Pages = {847-851},
Year = {1992},
ISSN = {0022-3913},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to observe tooth structure and
pulpal temperature changes in extracted human teeth
subjected to a pulsed Er:YAG (2.94 μm) laser. Two teeth
were irradiated while dry and three teeth while moistened by
a fine water mist. When the dry teeth were irradiated, there
was minimal enamel ablation. SEM of the resulting surface
showed rounded fragments of enamel rods, enamel melting,
cracks, and smooth-edged voids. Intrapulpal temperature
measured by thermal sensor rose more than 27° C. When the
laser application on the teeth was pulsed with a constant
fine water mist, enamel and dentin were efficiently ablated.
SEM of the resulting surfaces showed fissures and conical
craters with sharp enamel projections remaining. Intrapulpal
temperatures rose an average of 4° C. These results
indicate that pulsed Er:YAG (2.94 μm) used with a water
mist removes enamel and dentin without producing significant
pulpal temperature changes. © 1992 The Editorial Council of
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.},
Key = {fds254711}
}
@article{fds254712,
Author = {Schwarzmaier, H-J and Heintzen, MP and Mueller, W and Kaufmann, R and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Changes in optical density of vascular tissue after 308-nm
excimer laser irradiation},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {1642},
Pages = {11-17},
Year = {1992},
Abstract = {Ninety-six transmission spectra were obtained from autopsy
specimens of healthy human abdominal aorta. Specimens were
irradiated via a 900 μm fused silica fiber (contact mode)
under normal saline at room temperature (21.5 ± 1.5°C)
using an excimer laser (308 nm, 40 Hz, 115 ns, 57 mJ/mm2).
The temperature increased at the fiber tip up to 66.8 ±
8.5°C and was monitored by a NiCrNi thermocouple. Tissue
samples from untreated areas and from the thermal damage
zone next to the ablation area were anayzed by
microspectrophotometry (spectral range 250-800 nm,
cryosections 24 μm, area measured 6/3 μ in diameter). The
conclusion is, excimer laser irradiation using a high
repetition rate in combination with a high output energy
changes the optical properties of human vessel walls
significantly.},
Key = {fds254712}
}
@article{fds323492,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Treating Birthmarks With Diabetes},
Journal = {Journal of laser applications},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {54-58},
Year = {1991},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4752451},
Doi = {10.2351/1.4752451},
Key = {fds323492}
}
@article{fds322206,
Author = {Lockhead, GR and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Toying with the moon illusion.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {30},
Number = {24},
Pages = {3504-3507},
Year = {1991},
Month = {August},
Abstract = {We propose that the correct interpretation of the moon
illusion is that the zenith moon appears small, not that the
horizon moon appears large. This illusion is caused by the
visual gap between the observer and the overhead moon.
Because of the gap, the observer has no or little optical
information about the distance of the moon. This results in
empty field myopia where the moon is neurally, although not
necessarily cognitively, processed as being at about arm's
length. When the moon is seen on the horizon, there usually
is optical information about distance. That results in
reduced accommodation, and so the moon is processed as at a
greater distance. Consistent with the size-distance-invariance
hypothesis, the moon is then judged as large. This is a
specific example of the more general fact that all distant
objects appear small in the absence of a stimulus for
accommodation to be distant. This outcome produces the toy
illusion.},
Key = {fds322206}
}
@article{fds254705,
Author = {Mellerio, J and Marshall, J and Tengroth, B and Anderberg, B and Wolbarsht, M},
Title = {Battlefield laser weapons: An assessment of systems,
hazards, injuries and ophthalmic resources required for
treatment},
Journal = {Lasers and Light in Ophthalmology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {41-67},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {Many weapon systems now rely on laser generated radiation to
perform their designed task. Thousands of these systems have
been deployed and most are not eye-safe under battlefield
conditions. There is concern that a new battlefield problem
- large numbers of blind or severely visually handicapped
personnel - could swamp both military and civilian
ophthalmic services. Working from unclassified sources,
known weapon systems that use lasers are described and
classified. The possible effects of battlefield lasers on
the eye are discussed, modes of treatment are considered and
a scheme for handling laser casualties on the battlefield is
proposed. Likely loadings on medical facilities are examined
and protection strategies are reviewed.},
Key = {fds254705}
}
@article{fds254706,
Author = {Shi, D and Xing, X and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Holographic filter for coherent radiations},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {1419},
Pages = {40-49},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {It is proposed to construct holographic devices which act as
optical elements to modify the path of high spatially
coherent radiation but not affect incoherent radiation. The
device must be composed of a laser-read holographic element
in association with a band-pass spatial filter. The
holographic filters will be wavelength independent to allow
possible action as agile filters for laser safety protection
while maintaining sufficient transmission for visual
performance.},
Key = {fds254706}
}
@article{fds254707,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Cataract from infrared lasers: Evidence for photochemical
mechanisms},
Journal = {Lasers and Light in Ophthalmology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {91-96},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {Two theories for cataract formation by IR radiation are
reviewed: Goldmann's hypothesis that cataracts result from
heat transferred to the lens from the IR absorbed by the
iris is contrasted with Vogt's hypothesis in which the IR
energy is absorbed directly by the lens. Data show that
cataracts can be formed by both mechanisms and that
cataracts resulting from long-term exposures are most likely
in accordance with Vogt's hypothesis. Data from laser and IR
heat lamp exposures to in vivo lenses and incubated whole
lenses and various extracted lens crystallins, as well as
electrophoresis of lens crystallins on polyacrylamide gels
and other types of substrates, show conversion of soluble α
and β(H) crystallins into insoluble protein factions with
high molecular weight as a result of exposure to broad band
heat or narrow band IR laser radiation. Sub-threshold laser
exposure levels produce a markedly decreased mobility of the
β crystallins in the lens. Reciprocity between exposure
power level and duration is obeyed over many orders of
magnitude. This constant energy/dose-related requirement for
cataract formation suggests major contributions from
photochemical rather than thermal mechanisms, while the
failure of this relation for longer exposures possibly
indicates a partial repair process.},
Key = {fds254707}
}
@article{fds254708,
Author = {Schwarzmaier, H-J and Heintzen, M and Zumdick, M and Kaufmann, R and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Changes in optical density of normal vessel wall and lipid
atheromatous plaque after Nd:YAG laser irradiation},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {1427},
Pages = {128-133},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {135 transmission spectra were obtained from 26 autopsy
specimens of healthy as well as lipid atheromatous human
abdominal aorta. The tissue samples were irradiated using a
Nd:YAG laser. The optical density of the coagulation zone
was significantly increased compared to the untreated areas
within all tissue samples over the entire spectral range
investigated. In the ultraviolet increases were 2 to 6 fold
for intima, 1.2 to 3 fold for media, 2 to 4 fold for
adventitia and 1.2 to 2.5 fold for lipid atheromatous plaque
respectively. In the visible spectral range increases were 7
to 12 fold for intima, 2 to 5 fold for media, 5 to 9 fold
for adventitia and up to 3 fold for lipid atheromatous
plaque respectively (data p < 0.001). In addition,
differences in the optical density between lipid
atheromatous plaque and normal vessel wall decreased after
laser irradiation. This indicates that due to the changes of
optical properties during laser irradiation data obtained
from transmission spectra of the native vessel wall may not
be sufficient to predict laser-tissue interaction at least
with respect to continuous wave lasers.},
Key = {fds254708}
}
@article{fds254709,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney, DH},
Title = {Historical development of the ANSI laser safety
standard},
Journal = {Journal of Laser Applications},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5-11},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {The development of ANSI Z136 standards is traced. The need
for a hazard classification is discussed, as are limits for
high-power lasers. Changes made to the standard in 1976,
1980, and 1986 are outlined. The concept of the nominal
hazard zone is described from the viewpoint of personnel
safety.},
Key = {fds254709}
}
@article{fds254703,
Author = {Shi, D and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Transmission of a Gaussian scanning beam through circular,
square, and slit apertures: Part I. Theory.},
Journal = {Health Physics},
Volume = {59},
Number = {6},
Pages = {891-899},
Year = {1990},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0017-9078},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2228616},
Abstract = {Energy and power values for Gaussian profile scanning laser
beams through circular, square, and slit apertures may be
required for hazard analysis in laser safety programs.
Equations describing the transmitted power for a Gaussian
beam concentric and eccentric with circular, square, and
slit apertures are given. Simple expressions of transmitted
power and energy with a scanning laser beam across the
square and slit apertures are derived. For the circular
aperture, the transmitted power and energy can be calculated
conveniently by using the correction factors from the
graphic values or from the computer programs.},
Key = {fds254703}
}
@article{fds254701,
Author = {George, GS and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {Reproducible estimation of retinal vessel width by
computerized microdensitometry.},
Journal = {International Ophthalmology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-95},
Year = {1990},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0165-5701},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2338387},
Abstract = {An objective method for reliably estimating the width of
retinal vessels is presented. A computerized
microdensitometer scans film negatives of fundus photographs
and reconstructs black and white images of the fundus on a
visual display terminal. After this initial scan, a desired
region of a retinal vessel is selected with moveable
cursors, and a cross-sectional density profile through the
vessel is plotted. Vessel width is determined by the
half-height width of the profile of the minimum (least
transmitting) and average background film densities.
Measurement sites can be accurately reproduced on different
negatives by landmark mapping. A series of ten fundus
photographs were taken of three healthy human eyes, and the
width of the superior temporal vein was measured in two
places on alle negatives. The coefficient of variation of
the six sets ranged from 1.2 and 3.4% with an average of
2.2%.},
Key = {fds254701}
}
@article{fds254699,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney, DH},
Title = {Laser medicine.},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Ophthalmology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {60-63},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1040-8738},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10149667},
Key = {fds254699}
}
@article{fds254700,
Author = {Fridovich, I and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Letter to the editor},
Journal = {Free Radical Biology and Medicine},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {488-489},
Year = {1990},
ISSN = {0891-5849},
Key = {fds254700}
}
@article{fds254702,
Author = {Schwarzmaier, H-J and Hennig, T and Betz, P and Kaufmann, R and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Optical density of healthy human arterial vessel wall and
atheromatous plaque as a basis for pulsed laser
angioplasty},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {1201},
Pages = {10-14},
Year = {1990},
Abstract = {Transmissions spectra of healthy human arterial vessel wall
(intima, media, adventitia), lipid plaque as well as
calcified plaque were obtained from 245 autopsy specimens
(25 patients) by microspectrophotometry (25 μm sections,
wavelength 240 nm -1070 nm). Lipid plaques showed moderately
increased optical density over normal tissue in the visible
and near infrared spectral range with maximal values in the
blue spectral range (440 nm to 530 nm). At these
wavelengths, extinction was about a factor of 5 compared to
intima, a factor of 3 higher than in media, and a factor of
7 higher with respect to adventitia. Over the whole spectral
range investigated, calcified plaque exhibited a
significantly higher optical density compared to all layers
of normal vessel wall. The maximum differences were found
between 300 and 450 nm for intima (6 to 7 fold), between 440
and 1070 for media (3 fold) and above 550 nm for adventitial
(10 to 12 fold).},
Key = {fds254702}
}
@article{fds254704,
Author = {Shi, D and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Optical fiber sensor for oxygen with raman scattering
sampling},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {1201},
Pages = {461-468},
Year = {1990},
Abstract = {The Resonance Raman spectra of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules are
exclusively due to scattering of the heme group, and the
spectrum of a partially oxygenated Hb sample can be employed
as a measure of oxygen partial pressure. A optical fiber
oxygen sensor based on immobilized Hb is proposed by taking
advantage of the Resonance Raman spectra of oxyHb and
deoxyHb.},
Key = {fds254704}
}
@article{fds303816,
Author = {Hoke, JA and Burkes, EJ and Gomes, ED and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Erbium:YAG (2.94 mum) laser effects on dental
tissues.},
Journal = {Journal of laser applications},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {61-65},
Year = {1990},
ISSN = {1042-346X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10149088},
Abstract = {Past trials with soft and calcified tissues have
demonstrated that long pulse train (2.5 mus) Er:YAG (2.94
mum) laser may be used to ablate tooth structure of human
teeth. Determination of physical and thermal damage to
surrounding tissue during removal of enamel and dentin is a
primary objective of this study. Extracted human teeth with
thermal probes imbedded in the pulp chambers were submitted
to cavity preparation using an Erbium YAG laser with water
mist. Wavelength selection as well as use of a water mist
during the procedure resulted in efficient tissue removal
without significant surrounding damage. Ground sections and
SEM sections of teeth showed little or no melting or ash
formation in adjacent dentin and enamel and no visible
change in the pulp chamber. The surfaces produced by laser
ablation were rough and irregular with craters and grooves.
Average temperature change in the pulp chamber monitored
during tooth preparation was 2.2 degrees Centigrade. These
findings suggest that constantly available water aids
vaporization and microexplosions, increasing the efficiency
of tooth structure removal, and aids in cooling of the tooth
structures. The long pulse Er:YAG (2.94 mum) laser may be an
effective method for tooth reduction applications when used
with a water mist.},
Key = {fds303816}
}
@article{fds254694,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Welch, AJ},
Title = {Evaluation of ocular protection filters in field
situations.},
Journal = {Health Physics},
Volume = {56},
Number = {5},
Pages = {729-739},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0017-9078},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2708062},
Abstract = {A computer program has been developed to simulate eye
movement during pursuit tracking to test the effectiveness
of filters protecting the eyesight of individuals exposed to
laser radiation. Two types of retinal damage are considered:
macular lesions and retinal injury causing vitreous or
subretinal hemorrhage. The retinal damage caused by optical
radiation in the visible and near infrared of the spectrum
differs from almost all other types of hazards in their
proabilistic nature. That is, a small movement of the laser
beam or change of eye position decreases or increases the
probability of injury by several orders of magnitude. A
laser beam combines the problem of a small source with
extreme directionality with the probabilistic nature of this
hazard location in space, and we now add the probabilistic
nature of the action of the protective filter, i.e., a
dependence upon angle of incidence. From this combination,
an even more probabilistic picture of injury or disablement
emerges. When it is necessary to plan the probabilities
during military operations of mission fulfillment or injury
with regard to various types of lasers in the battlefield
++environment, the problem must be analyzed very carefully.
Our solution of the problem indicates the type of injuries
to be expected and their dependence upon the various
parameters of the angle of incidence of the lasers on the
protective filters in the viewing system.},
Key = {fds254694}
}
@article{fds254696,
Author = {Sliney, DH and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Future applications of lasers in surgery and medicine: a
review.},
Journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine},
Volume = {82},
Number = {5},
Pages = {293-296},
Year = {1989},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0141-0768},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2666663},
Abstract = {The experimental use of lasers in surgery and medicine began
only shortly after the development of the first working
laser system. However, the development of practical,
effective, and safe surgical lasers has been lengthy with
many obstacles and delays. Today the laser is used for a
wide variety of surgical operations. The fundamental limits
and potential for future applications of lasers in surgery
and medicine are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1177/014107688908200516},
Key = {fds254696}
}
@article{fds254695,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Fridovich, I},
Title = {Hyperoxia during reperfusion is a factor in reperfusion
injury.},
Journal = {Free Radical Biology and Medicine},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-62},
Year = {1989},
ISSN = {0891-5849},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536344},
Abstract = {Imposition of ischemia should result in accumulation of
lactic acid with an attendant drop in pH. Subsequent
reperfusion would result in hyperoxia, in the affected
tissue, due to the Bohr Effect. O2- should therefore be
produced in greater than normal amounts, due to this
transient hyperoxia, and may contribute to reperfusion
injury. Tissue acidification, during extreme exercise or in
diabetes mellitus, may similarly lead to hyperoxia and to
tissue damage by O2-.},
Key = {fds254695}
}
@article{fds254697,
Author = {Goldman, L and Michaelson, SM and Rockwell, RJ and Sliney, DH and Tengroth, BM and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Optical radiation, with particular reference to
lasers},
Journal = {World Health Organization Regional Publications - European
Series},
Number = {25},
Pages = {49-83},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds254697}
}
@article{fds254698,
Author = {Schwarzmaier, H-J and Hennig, T and Rettig, B and Kaufmann, R and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Optical properties of calcified atheromatous plaque.
Implications for selective laser angioplasty},
Journal = {Advances in Vascular Pathology 1989 vol. 1: proceedings of
the 15th world congress of the International Union of
Angiology. ICS868},
Pages = {353-358},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds254698}
}
@article{fds254692,
Author = {Pakalnis, VA and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {Phenylephrine-induced anterior chamber hypoxia.},
Journal = {Annals of ophthalmology},
Volume = {20},
Number = {7},
Pages = {267-270},
Year = {1988},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0003-4886},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3178082},
Abstract = {The effect of topical phenylephrine 10% solution on anterior
chamber oxygen tension (PO2) was studied in cats using an
oxygen-sensitive electrode inserted into the midanterior
chamber. A decrease in anterior chamber PO2 was usually
observed within eight to 25 minutes and declined steadily
thereafter. Within two hours, the drug caused a dramatic 60%
reduction in anterior chamber oxygen tension (P less than or
equal to .0005). We suggest that the mechanism for this
phenylephrine-induced anterior chamber hypoxia is reduced
blood flow, mediated by the direct vasoconstrictive effect
of the drug and compression of the iris vasculature (induced
by dilatation). The resulting decrease in the caliber of the
iris arteries produced a parallel decrease in blood volume
and flow which resulted in diminished PO2. Phenylephrine 10%
may contribute to hypoxia and exacerbate the underlying
pathology in those disorders where hypoxia plays an
important causal role.},
Key = {fds254692}
}
@article{fds323493,
Author = {Shi, DX and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Microscope objectives, cover slips, and spherical
aberration: comments.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {27},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2106},
Year = {1988},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds323493}
}
@article{fds254691,
Author = {Ham, WT and Mueller, HA and Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney,
DH},
Title = {Evaluation of retinal exposures from repetitively pulsed and
scanning lasers.},
Journal = {Health Physics},
Volume = {54},
Number = {3},
Pages = {337-344},
Year = {1988},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0017-9078},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3346165},
Abstract = {Threshold damage in the macaque retina is shown to be
equivalent for the argon-krypton (Ar-Kr) 647 nm and the
helium-neon (He-Ne) 632.8-nm lines for exposures to
continuous wave (CW) radiation from 1 to 1,000 s. This
equivalence allows interpolation from experiments with
647-nm, exposures at power levels that are unavailable with
the He-Ne laser. To simulate He-Ne laser scanner exposures,
40-microseconds pulses of 647-nm light transmitted through a
revolving disk with holes in the periphery were used to
expose the retinas of monkeys under deep anesthesia at pulse
repetition frequencies (PRFs) of 100, 200, 400, and 1,600 Hz
for exposure durations of 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 s. The
thresholds between laser exposure at 488 nm (Ar-Kr) and
between laser exposure at 647 nm (Kr) are compared to assess
thermal versus photochemical effects on the retina. The
threshold for 488-nm pulses was consistently lower than that
for 647-nm pulses at all PRFs and exposure times. The
difference in thresholds increased with exposure time and
PRF. The sharp decreases in 488-nm thresholds at 100-s
exposure times for each PRF can be interpreted as a
basically photochemical effect. The radiant exposure
required for damage at 647 nm was several orders of
magnitude above the radiant exposure from typical He-Ne
scanner applications. From the similarity of the macaque
retina to the human retina, it is concluded that no
realistic ocular hazard exists from exposure to scanning
laser systems of 1 mW or less, operating at higher than 100
Hz.},
Key = {fds254691}
}
@article{fds254693,
Author = {Goldman, L and Michaelson, SM and Rockwell, RJ and Sliney, DH and Tengroth, BM and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Nonionizing radiation protection. Optical radiation, with
particular reference to lasers.},
Journal = {WHO regional publications. European series},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {49-83},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0378-2255},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3267261},
Key = {fds254693}
}
@article{fds254687,
Author = {Seaber, JH and Fisher, B and Lockhead, GR and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Incidence and characteristics of McCollough aftereffects
following video display terminal use.},
Journal = {Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of
the Industrial Medical Association},
Volume = {29},
Number = {9},
Pages = {727-729},
Year = {1987},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0096-1736},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3681504},
Abstract = {After using video display terminals (VDT), some persons
notice that achromatic patterns appear faintly colored hours
after terminal use. We investigated the incidence of this
effect, the McCollough effect (ME), among 125 VDT users.
Subjects completed a questionnaire regarding work habits and
certain life-style aspects. They were shown photographs of
varying spatial frequencies to identify the adapting
stimulus responsible for the ME. The incidence of ME after
routine use of VDTs was 19.1%. The adapting stimulus was the
repeating character lines of the VDT. No aspect of
life-style investigated appeared to predispose an individual
to develop the ME. Those subjects who developed the ME did
not differ from those who did not in age, sleep, caffeine
consumption, use of medication, refractive errors, or
computer usage, nor did they have a higher incidence of
ocular defects or eye strain.},
Key = {fds254687}
}
@article{fds254690,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney, DH and Muc, AM},
Title = {Reply to comments on editorial about radiofrequency
standards.},
Journal = {Health Physics},
Volume = {53},
Number = {3},
Pages = {334},
Year = {1987},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0017-9078},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3623927},
Key = {fds254690}
}
@article{fds254688,
Author = {Pakalnis, VA and Rustgi, AK and Stefansson, E and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {The effect of timolol on anterior-chamber
oxygenation.},
Journal = {Annals of ophthalmology},
Volume = {19},
Number = {8},
Pages = {298-300},
Year = {1987},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0003-4886},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3662313},
Abstract = {The effect of timolol maleate, a nonspecific beta-blocking
agent, on anterior-segment oxygenation was studied using
oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes inserted into the
mid-anterior chamber of 13 cat eyes. The anterior-chamber
oxygen tension was monitored continuously for two hours
following the topical application of three drops of timolol
0.5%. Although a small, but significant, decline in oxygen
tension of 19% was observed over the initial 90 minutes (P
less than or equal to .05), the overall 10% decrease at the
end of two hours was not considered either clinically or
statistically significant when compared with a group of
controls. Timolol, since it does not contribute
significantly to hypoxia, may therefore be a more prudent
choice for lowering intraocular pressure in disorders where
hypoxia is believed to play an important role, such as in
neovascular glaucoma and sickle-cell hyphema.},
Key = {fds254688}
}
@article{fds303815,
Author = {Sternberg, P and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB and Parel,
JM},
Title = {Contact lens filter for macular photocoagulation with
monochromatic green argon laser.},
Journal = {Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {164-168},
Year = {1987},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0275-004X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2432638},
Abstract = {Safer and more effective macular photocoagulation can be
performed with monochromatic green light, thereby avoiding
the energy absorption by the xanthophyll pigment in the
inner retina in the blue portion (488 nm line) of the argon
laser radiation. While an appropriate laser filter has been
built into commercially available laser systems to provide a
"green-only option," a contact lens filter which provides
monochromatic green energy with a standard argon laser
delivery system has been evaluated. The filter requires
twice as much laser energy output from the laser, and may
allow higher levels of energy to reflect off the filter
towards observers.},
Key = {fds303815}
}
@article{fds254685,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Stefansson, E and Landers, MB},
Title = {Retinal oxygenation from the choroid in hyperoxia.},
Journal = {Experimental Biology},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {49-52},
Year = {1987},
ISSN = {0176-8638},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3666099},
Abstract = {The extraordinarily high rate of blood flow in the cat
choroid allows the choroidal oxygen tension to rise to
levels close to the arterial PO2, even with oxygen enriched
breathing mixtures. The high PO2 in the choroid can elevate
the oxygen tension of the inner retina above the saturation
PO2 of hemoglobin when oxygen enriched breathing mixtures at
one atmosphere or less are used as shown by polarographic
oxygen tension measurements in the preretinal vitreous in
cats.},
Key = {fds254685}
}
@article{fds254689,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Sliney, DH},
Title = {LASER SAFETY STANDARDS MOVE ON.},
Journal = {Lasers & applications},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {96-98},
Year = {1987},
Abstract = {Several important changes have been made in the most recent
version (1986) of the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) Standard Z136. 1 Safe Use of Lasers. The development
of new biological data, the reassessment of old data, and
our on-going familiarity with contemporary laser usage all
lead to continual revision of our judgments on laser safety.
In formulating the changes that went into the 1986 revision
of the Standard, changes in maximum permissible exposure
(MPE) values for both eye and skin have been made and have
carried over into other sections of the standard. The most
notable of the carryovers are in the control measures for
Class III and Class IV lasers.},
Key = {fds254689}
}
@article{fds323494,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {SPECIAL SECTION - LASER TISSUE INTERACTIONS, ABLATION, AND
LONG-TERM EFFECTS - THEORIES AND EXPERIMENTS .1.
INTRODUCTION},
Journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
Volume = {6},
Number = {6},
Pages = {487-487},
Year = {1987},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900060602},
Doi = {10.1002/lsm.1900060602},
Key = {fds323494}
}
@article{fds323495,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Allen, RG},
Title = {New laser device for ophthalmology: comment.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {25},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1533-1534},
Year = {1986},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds323495}
}
@article{fds254603,
Author = {Ringo, JL and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Spectral coding in cat retinal ganglion cell receptive
fields.},
Journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
Volume = {55},
Number = {2},
Pages = {320-330},
Year = {1986},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0022-3077},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3950694},
Abstract = {We have examined the spectral-coding properties of ganglion
cell receptive fields in the cat retina. Two classes of
spectral coding were found. The first class consists of
cells in which color opponency is spatially local. That is,
the opponent cone types cover the same (center or surround)
region of the receptive field. The second class consists of
cells that show color opponency only to large stimuli
(relative to center diameter). Center and surround regions
of cells of this class have different spectral
sensitivities. Individually the regions are nonopponent.
When both regions are stimulated, a spectral opponency is
revealed. For example, we recorded from one unit in which
the ON-center was mediated by the 556-nm cone type and the
OFF-surround was mediated by both 450- and 556-nm cone
types. Large-field, threshold-level stimulation in the
short-wavelength end of the spectrum produced OFF-responses,
while in the long-wavelength end produced ON-responses. For
a small stimulus, cells of the second class could mediate
spatial vision, largely unaffected by the chromatic
properties of the stimulus. Cells of the second class
(center/surround opponent) were more commonly encountered
than cells of the first class (locally opponent).
Color-opponent units of X, Y, and W types were all
found.},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.1986.55.2.320},
Key = {fds254603}
}
@article{fds254682,
Author = {Kylstra, JA and Wierzbicki, T and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB and Stefansson, E},
Title = {The relationship between retinal vessel tortuosity,
diameter, and transmural pressure.},
Journal = {Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
= Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und
Experimentelle Ophthalmologie},
Volume = {224},
Number = {5},
Pages = {477-480},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0721-832X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3758696},
Abstract = {Increases in retinal vein tortuosity are thought to be
caused by increases in vascular transmural pressure. We have
attempted to determine the relationship between retinal
vessel tortuosity, diameter, and transmural pressure by
examining the effects of changes in transmural pressure on
latex tubes with fixed ends. As the transmural pressure is
raised, tube diameter increases, but tortuosity does not
begin increasing until a critical pressure is reached. Above
the critical pressure, tortuosity increases more rapidly
than diameter. Our results support the above hypothesis and
also suggest that at high transmural pressures, retinal
vessel tortuosity is a more sensitive indicator than is the
diameter of changes in retinal venous transmural pressure,
but diameter is more sensitive than tortuosity at lower
pressures.},
Key = {fds254682}
}
@article{fds254683,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and III, MBL},
Title = {VISION TESTS FOR MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE OR TO INSURE JOB
FITNESS.},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {601},
Pages = {121-129},
Year = {1986},
Abstract = {The rationale for designing screening type eye examinations
to document visual capabilities for specific jobs or changes
in visual function following exposure to specific ocular
hazards is discussed. Possible applications to clinical
situations are also discussed. Specific tests meeting
requirements of definite end point quantification, ease of
administration, and reproducibility are given for contrast
(glare) sensitivity, distortions in macular imaging (Amsler
grid), and color vision. The selection is detailed for the
individual test combinations of various populations such as
automobile driver license applicants, visual display
operators, and persons exposed to lasers, including military
as well as non-military installers and repairers of optical
fibers for communications.},
Key = {fds254683}
}
@article{fds254684,
Author = {Guenther, KH and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {SAFETY EYE PROTECTION FOR FIELD USE OF LASERS.},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {601},
Pages = {88-100},
Year = {1986},
Abstract = {Based on computer calculations of the irradiance on the eye
when laser range finders at wavelengths of 694 nm or 1064 nm
are used, safety distances are derived for the worst case of
directly looking into the laser source with the unaided eye,
as well as with magnifying viewing instruments (binoculars,
periscopes). From this, attenuation factors (optical
densities) of protective filters for both applications are
determined. Various means of attaining the necessary
protection are discussed, and it is concluded that
dielectric interference filters, sometimes in combination
with spectrally absorbing glass substrates, are still the
most reliable and economic solution, at least for eye
protection through optical instruments. The mass production
and widespread use of versatile and efficient goggles for
individual personnel protection remains still a problem,
particularly when corrective spectacles are
included.},
Key = {fds254684}
}
@article{fds254686,
Author = {Pakalnis, VA and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {Ocular oxygenation: the effect of phenylephrine on anterior
chamber oxygen tension.},
Journal = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},
Volume = {200},
Pages = {233-241},
Year = {1986},
ISSN = {0065-2598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3799311},
Abstract = {Phenylephrine preparations are widely used in medicine for
their vasoconstrictive and mydriatic effects. The effect of
phenylephrine, a powerful alpha-receptor stimulant, on
anterior chamber oxygen tension (Po2) was studied using a
polarographic electrode inserted into the mid anterior
chamber of cats. A commercial 10% solution was applied
topically. A decrease in anterior chamber Po2 was usually
observed in 8-24 minutes and declined steadily thereafter.
Prior to treatment, the mean anterior chamber Po2 was 26 +/-
3 torr; 1/2 hour after treatment it decreased to 20 +/- 7
torr. After 1 hour it dropped to 13 +/- 8 torr and was
further reduced to 11 +/- 6 torr by 2 hours. By 90 minutes,
the drug had caused a 58% reduction in anterior chamber
oxygen tension. This drop is similar to that reported for
epinephrine. It is suggested that the mechanism for most of
this decrease is reduced blood flow, mediated by the direct
vasoconstrictive effect of the drug in addition to
compression of the iris vasculature induced by dilation. The
resulting change (reduction) in caliber of the iris arteries
produces a parallel change (reduction) in blood volume and
flow resulting in a diminished Po2. The clinical
implications of this conclusion in disorders where hypoxia
is felt to play a causal role such as neovascular glaucoma,
diabetes, pregnancy and hyphema in sickle cell disease are
explored.},
Key = {fds254686}
}
@article{fds254681,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {Testing visual capabilities for medical surveillance or to
ensure job fitness.},
Journal = {Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of
the Industrial Medical Association},
Volume = {27},
Number = {12},
Pages = {897-901},
Year = {1985},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0096-1736},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4087056},
Abstract = {A rationale is presented for designing screening-type eye
examinations to document visual capabilities for specific
jobs or changes in visual function following exposure to
specific ocular hazards. Possible applications to clinical
situations are also discussed. A battery of tests that
includes contrast (glare) sensitivity, distortions in
macular imaging, and color vision is detailed for use with
three populations: automobile driver's license applicants,
visual display operators, and laser users, including
military as well as nonmilitary installers and repairers of
optical fibers for communications.},
Key = {fds254681}
}
@article{fds254679,
Author = {Sliney, DH and Wolbarsht, ML and Muc, AM},
Title = {Differing radiofrequency standards in the microwave
region--implications for future research.},
Journal = {Health Physics},
Volume = {49},
Number = {5},
Pages = {677-683},
Year = {1985},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0017-9078},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4066330},
Key = {fds254679}
}
@article{fds254680,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Lockhead, GR},
Title = {Moon illusion: a new perspective.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {24},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1844},
Year = {1985},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-6935},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18223803},
Key = {fds254680}
}
@article{fds254678,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {LASER SURGERY: ALTERNATIVES TO CO//2 ABLATION.},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {540},
Pages = {398-404},
Year = {1985},
Abstract = {Laser surgery may be improved by modifications based on
similar processes in industrial applications. A major
problem in materials processing is minimizing heat diffusion
from the site of laser exposure. The same problem exists in
the surgery of tissue with a CO//2 laser. A model is
described which indicates that radiation at 2. 9 mu m (HF
laser) in short duration pulses, shorter than the thermal
relaxation time (1. 7 mu s) of its 2 mu m thick absorption
depth in water, will minimize thermal diffusion, and also
take advantage of the large amount of heat removed by the
phase change of water into steam. This model suggests that,
for deep cuts, many short pulses are preferable to a single
long duration exposure and that more delicate surgery may be
possible with such short pulse, shallow absorption depth
types of energy delivery.},
Key = {fds254678}
}
@article{fds254731,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Landers, MB and Wolbarsht, ML and Klintworth,
GK},
Title = {Neovascularization of the iris: an experimental model in
cats.},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {361-364},
Year = {1984},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6199323},
Abstract = {Neovascularization of the iris was induced in cats by
removing the vitreous and lens and creating a rhegmatogenous
retinal detachment. The presence of new blood vessels on the
anterior surface of the iris was verified from the second
month onward by slit lamp examination, as well as by light
microscopy six to twelve months after the operation. Control
eyes undergoing vitrectomy and lensectomy, but without
retinal detachment, did not develop rubeosis iridis. This
model may allow investigation into causes and therapy of
rubeosis iridis.},
Key = {fds254731}
}
@article{fds254675,
Author = {Jr, PS and III, MBL and Wolbarsht, M},
Title = {The negative coincidence of retinitis pigmentosa and
proliferative diabetic retinopathy},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {97},
Number = {6},
Pages = {788-789},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
Key = {fds254675}
}
@article{fds254676,
Author = {III, MBL and Jr, PS and Wolbarsht, M},
Title = {Reply},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {98},
Number = {4},
Pages = {524-},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
Key = {fds254676}
}
@article{fds254677,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {LASER SURGERY: CO//2 OR hf.},
Journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics},
Volume = {QE-20},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1427-1432},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1984.1072328},
Abstract = {A model based on vitreous surgery is described which
indicates that radiation at 2. 9 mu m (hf laser) in short
duration pulses, shorter than the thermal relaxation time
(1. 7 mu s) of its 1 mu m thick absorption depth in water,
will minimize thermal diffusion, and also take advantage of
the large amount of heat removed by the phase change of
water into steam. This model suggests that, for deep cuts,
many pulses are preferable to a single long duration
exposure, and that more delicate surgery may be possible
with such short pulse, shallow absorption depth types of
energy delivery.},
Doi = {10.1109/JQE.1984.1072328},
Key = {fds254677}
}
@article{fds254673,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and George, GS and Shearin, WA and Kylstra, JA and Landers, MB},
Title = {Retinopathy of prematurity: a new look at an old
disease.},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Surgery},
Volume = {14},
Number = {11},
Pages = {919-924},
Year = {1983},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-023X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6197686},
Abstract = {The neovascular changes of the retinopathy of prematurity
can occur in premature infants in three settings: (1) when
high levels of supplemental oxygen are administered,
neovascularization usually commences shortly after cessation
of oxygen therapy; (2) when supplemental oxygen is given for
long periods of time, neovascularization can develop while
the infant is still receiving oxygen; and (3)
neovascularization can occur without exposure to any
supplemental oxygen. We propose a model which can explain
the occurrence of the retinopathy of prematurity in all
these settings. Our model demonstrates that whenever the
retinopathy of prematurity occurs, arterial oxygen levels
are inappropriately high in relation to the stage of retinal
vessel development, even in premature neonates not given
supplemental oxygen. The inhibitory effect of these elevated
oxygen tensions upon carbon dioxide removal is indicated as
a possible cause of neovascularization by leading to tissue
acidosis and vasodilatation.},
Key = {fds254673}
}
@article{fds254669,
Author = {Stefánsson, E and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {In vivo O2 consumption in rhesus monkeys in light and
dark.},
Journal = {Experimental Eye Research},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {251-256},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0014-4835},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6628573},
Abstract = {The rate of oxygen consumption in retinas in vitro has been
measured in a great number of species, but in vitro
estimates have varied partly because the rate of O2 uptake
depends heavily upon the composition of the buffered
solution used to maintain the retina. The in vitro
experiments on frog retinas show a greater O2 consumption in
dark than in light conditions, and indicate marked
differences in metabolism between light and dark conditions.
A method was developed to estimate retinal oxygen
consumption in vivo. We evaluated the oxygen consumption of
the in vivo Rhesus monkey retina with an intraocular oxygen
microelectrode. The intact monkey retina consumes more
oxygen in darkness than in light.},
Key = {fds254669}
}
@article{fds254668,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {The corneal contact lens and aqueous humor hypoxia in
cats.},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
Volume = {24},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1052-1054},
Year = {1983},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6874269},
Abstract = {The cornea normally receives its oxygen from both the
atmosphere and the aqueous humor. When a thick
polymethylmethacrylate contact lens is placed on the cat
cornea, access of atmospheric oxygen to the cornea is
restricted, and the outer part of the cornea becomes
hypoxic. This results in an increase in the oxygen flux from
the aqueous humor into the cornea, and the oxygen tension in
the aqueous humor decreases, as is demonstrated in this
study. This increased oxygen flux from the aqueous into the
cornea tends to alleviate the hypoxia caused by a corneal
contact lens. Thus, the cornea can tolerate a thicker
contact lens with less hypoxia than would be expected if
only the oxygen supply from the atmosphere were
considered.},
Key = {fds254668}
}
@article{fds254602,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Shelton, RA and Landers, MB and Walsh, AW and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Iris arteriolar diameters in hypoxia and hyperoxia: a
photographic study in albino guinea pigs.},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
Volume = {24},
Number = {6},
Pages = {741-743},
Year = {1983},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6853100},
Abstract = {The irides of albino guinea pigs were photographed, and the
iris arteriolar diameters were measured with the animal
breathing room air, 10% O2/90% N2, or 100% O2. The iris
arterioles constrict significantly in hyperoxia and dilate
in hypoxia. The average constriction in 100% O2 was 27% +/-
8%, and the average dilatation in 10% oxygen was 34% +/-
20%.},
Key = {fds254602}
}
@article{fds254674,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and George, GS and Kylstra, J and Landers, MB and Shearin,
WA},
Title = {Speculation on carbon dioxide and retrolental
fibroplasia.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {71},
Number = {5},
Pages = {859-860},
Year = {1983},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0031-4005},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403919},
Key = {fds254674}
}
@article{fds254670,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Robinson, D and Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB and Walsh, A},
Title = {Effect of epinephrine on PO2 in anterior
chamber.},
Journal = {Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. :
1960)},
Volume = {101},
Number = {4},
Pages = {636-639},
Year = {1983},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0003-9950},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6838426},
Abstract = {A polarographic oxygen electrode was inserted through the
cornea into the middle of the anterior chamber, and the
aqueous humor PO2 was continuously monitored. Epinephrine
hydrochloride applied topically to the cornea (1% Epifrin:
0.05 to 0.1 mL) or injected into the anterior chamber
(Adrenalin Chloride: 1 mg/mL, 0.05 mL) caused a marked
decrease in the anterior chamber PO2. This drop in anterior
chamber PO2 was not simply due to mydriasis, since atropine
sulfate administered in a similar fashion did not cause a
notable drop in anterior chamber PO2, and epinephrine
applied to eyes with the pupils previously dilated with
atropine still caused the typical drop in anterior chamber
PO2. The hypoxic effects of epinephrine were reversed by
injection of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine
mesylate (5 mg/mL, 0.05 mL), into the anterior
chamber.},
Key = {fds254670}
}
@article{fds254667,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Landers, MB and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Oxygenation and vasodilatation in relation to diabetic and
other proliferative retinopathies.},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Surgery},
Volume = {14},
Number = {3},
Pages = {209-226},
Year = {1983},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0022-023X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6190118},
Abstract = {The features of proliferative retinopathies are reviewed
with reference to the vasodilatation that is a common stage
in their pathogenesis. Vasodilatation in the retina is
discussed in terms of a model in which vessel wall stretch
in the retinal venules leads to leakage and proliferation.
The beneficial effects of treatments such as panretinal
photocoagulation and vitrectomy on the retinal hemodynamics
are shown to agree with the hypothetical
model.},
Key = {fds254667}
}
@article{fds254672,
Author = {Landers, MB and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Ocular absorption.},
Journal = {Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. :
1960)},
Volume = {101},
Number = {1},
Pages = {134},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0003-9950},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849649},
Key = {fds254672}
}
@article{fds254671,
Author = {Amthor, FR and Wolbarsht, ML and Ringo, JL},
Title = {Functional implications of On-Off response variation in frog
retinal ganglion cells.},
Journal = {Vision Research},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-32},
Year = {1983},
ISSN = {0042-6989},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603053},
Abstract = {The variation in the number of spikes in responses of frog
retinal ganglion cells has been investigated with
correlation and other statistical measures. The On and Off
responses produced by the same light flash are either
uncorrelated or weakly negatively correlated with each other
when their averages are stationary in time. Early parts of
the Off response are highly negatively correlated with late
parts. A weaker negative correlation exists between the
early versus late parts of the On response. A model for
response generation is considered in which the On and Off
responses are mediated by independent bipolar cell pathways,
each with its own sustained and transient amacrine cell
inhibition.},
Key = {fds254671}
}
@article{fds254666,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and George, GS and Kylstra, J and Landers,
MB},
Title = {Does carbon dioxide play a role in retrolental
fibroplasia?},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {70},
Number = {3},
Pages = {500-501},
Year = {1982},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0031-4005},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6810303},
Key = {fds254666}
}
@article{fds254665,
Author = {Landers, MB and Stefansson, E and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Panretinal photocoagulation and retinal oxygenation.},
Journal = {Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {167-175},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0275-004X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6891097},
Abstract = {Panretinal photocoagulation destroys some of the
photoreceptors and thereby reduces the oxygen consumption in
the outer retina and allows more O2 to flow from the choroid
to the inner retina. Measurements of the preretinal oxygen
tension were made in rhesus monkeys that had portions of
their retinas photocoagulated. With the animal breathing one
atmosphere O2, the oxygen tension over photocoagulated areas
of retina was significantly higher than the PO2 over normal,
untreated areas of retina. It is proposed that the
therapeutic effect of panretinal photocoagulation in
diabetic retinopathy lies in the oxygenation of the inner
retina from the choroid.},
Key = {fds254665}
}
@article{fds254663,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MATERIAL PROCESSING AND
SURGERY.},
Journal = {LIA (Laser Institute of America)},
Volume = {32},
Pages = {1-5},
Year = {1982},
Abstract = {The present use of laser in surgery may be improved by
modifications learned from similar processes in industrial
applications. One of the major problems in materials
processing is minimizing heat diffusion from the site of
laser exposure. The same problem exists in surgical tissue
cutting with a CO//2 laser. A proposal is made to use short
duration pulses less than the thermal relaxation time of
water (one microsecond) to minimize thermal diffusion, and
also take advantage of the large heat removed by the phase
change in water into steam. An examination of this proposal
suggests that many short pulses are preferable to a single
long duration exposure to make deep cuts, and that more
delicate surgery may be possible with such types of energy
delivery. Other types of materials processing situations are
related to surgical situations where the desired relative
depth of absorption of each of the absorbers present can be
selected by use of the proper wavelength and exposure
duration.},
Key = {fds254663}
}
@article{fds254664,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Landers, MB and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Vitrectomy, lensectomy, and ocular oxygenation.},
Journal = {Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {159-166},
Year = {1982},
ISSN = {0275-004X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7178687},
Abstract = {The effect of vitrectomy and lensectomy upon the anterior
chamber oxygen tension of the cat eye was measured
polarographically. After vitrectomy and lensectomy alone, a
reduction of 12 mm Hg (35%) was observed and when retinal
veins were also partially occluded, a reduction of 17 mm Hg
(50%) was measured as compared with the normal oxygen
tension (PO2) of 34 mm Hg. If vitrectomy and lensectomy
allow aqueous to deliver oxygen from the anterior part of
the eye to the retina, the poorer oxygenation of the iris
and the improved oxygenation of the retina might explain
both the development of rubeosis iridis and stabilization of
proliferative diabetic retinopathy so commonly seen
following vitrectomy.},
Key = {fds254664}
}
@article{fds323496,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Walsh, AW and George, G},
Title = {Melanin, a unique biological absorber.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {20},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2184-2186},
Year = {1981},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds323496}
}
@article{fds254658,
Author = {Landers, MB and Stefánsson, E and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {The optics of vitreous surgery.},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {91},
Number = {5},
Pages = {611-614},
Year = {1981},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7234943},
Abstract = {We calculated the refractive power of the human eye in the
various optical configurations that may occur during
vitreous surgery. We found that a biconcave corneal contact
lens with an anterior surface refractive power of -63 to -98
diopters allowed the fundus to be seen when the vitreous
cavity was filled with air, as did a weak minus lens
attached to the bottom of the operating microscope. Our
tests showed that the unsymmetrical biconcave lenses were
superior.},
Key = {fds254658}
}
@article{fds254659,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB and Stefansson, E},
Title = {Vasodilation and the etiology of diabetic retinopathy: a new
model.},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Surgery},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {104-107},
Year = {1981},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0022-023X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6164030},
Abstract = {The evidence in support of the theory that retinal vascular
stretching leads to leakage, formation of microaneurysms,
and neovascularization is reviewed. The efficacy of
photocoagulation and vitrectomy in controlling retinal
microangiopathy accompanying diabetes is shown to depend
upon reduction of the vascular dilatation. It is possible
that the vascular dilatation in diabetes results from high
blood glucose levels increasing oxygen consumption in the
inner retina, with a resulting vascular dilatation to supply
increased oxygen to the retina. This retinal vascular
dilatation is the initial cause of the vascular pathology in
diabetes.},
Key = {fds254659}
}
@article{fds254597,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {PROPOSAL TO LOCALIZE AN INTRAOCULAR MELANOMA BY
PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY.},
Journal = {Soviet journal of quantum electronics},
Volume = {11},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1623-1624},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0049-1748},
Abstract = {A method of laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopic
imaging (LIPASI) and its possible applications in biological
research are described. Possible applications of this method
include diagnosis of an intraocular malignant melanoma and
cardial infarcts. A comparison is made between LIPASI and
the normal ultrasonic imaging technique and the advantages
of LIPASI are stressed.},
Key = {fds254597}
}
@article{fds254660,
Author = {Whipple, TL and Wolbarsht, ML and Hickingbotham, DW and Fondren,
F},
Title = {Arthroscopic surgery: simple devices to facilitate multiple
entries and manipulations of the knee.},
Journal = {Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®},
Number = {154},
Pages = {331-335},
Year = {1981},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0009-921X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7471579},
Abstract = {A system has been especially designed and fabricated for use
with an arthroscope and other instruments so that an open
passage is maintained through the skin, retinaculum, and
joint capsule to allow the insertion and withdrawal of
instruments at will. This system is designed to minimize
loss of irrigating fluid from the joint during use,
including instrument exchanges. A companion stabilization
device has been constructed to allow the unassisted
application of valgus or varus stress to the knee while
leaving the surgeon's hands free.},
Key = {fds254660}
}
@article{fds254661,
Author = {Stefansson, E and Landers, MB and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Increased retinal oxygen supply following pan-retinal
photocoagulation and vitrectomy and lensectomy.},
Journal = {Transactions of the American Ophthalmological
Society},
Volume = {79},
Pages = {307-334},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {0065-9533},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7200671},
Abstract = {Panretinal photocoagulation as well as vitrectomy are the
main treatment modalities for diabetic and other
proliferative retinopathies. We show that both treatments
introduce a new source of oxygen to the inner retina and
propose that their efficacy in controlling the retinopathy
results from their effect on the oxygenation of the inner
retina. Panretinal photocoagulation reduces the oxygen
consumption of the outer retina and allows more oxygen to
diffuse to the inner retina from the choroid.
Vitrectomy/lensectomy on the other hand allows aqueous humor
to flow back to the retina and give oxygen to the inner
retina which normally has a lower PO2 than aqueous humor.
This causes the PO2 in aqueous humor to fall.},
Key = {fds254661}
}
@article{fds254662,
Author = {Urbach, F and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {OCCUPATIONAL SKIN HAZARDS FROM ULTRAVIOLET (UV)
EXPOSURES.},
Journal = {Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical
Engineering},
Volume = {279},
Pages = {201-215},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds254662}
}
@article{fds254652,
Author = {Crocker, RA and Ringo, J and Wolbarsht, ML and Wagner,
HG},
Title = {Cone contributions to cat retinal ganglion cell receptive
fields.},
Journal = {The Journal of General Physiology},
Volume = {76},
Number = {6},
Pages = {763-785},
Year = {1980},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-1295},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822503},
Abstract = {Extracellular microelectrode recordings were made from
ganglion cells of the intact, in situ eyes of adult common
domestic cats. Three different photopic systems, with peak
spectral sensitivities at 450, 500, and 556 nm, were
observed. All ganglion cells received input from a cone
system with a peak spectral sensitivity of 556 nm. The
blue-sensitive cone system was observed in about one-half of
the ganglion cells studied. In each case the 450-nm cone
system contributed to only one functional type of response,
either ON or OFF, in the same cell. The other two photopic
systems most often contributed to both the ON and OFF
responses of an individual ganglion cell. In four cases the
450-nm cone system mediated responses that were opponent to
those of the other two photopic systems. The third photopic
mechanism has a peak spectral sensitivity at 500 nm and
contributed to most receptive field surrounds and many
receptive field centers. It is distinguished from the rod
system by the occurrence of a break in both dark-adaptation
curves and increment-sensitivity curves. No apparent
differences in receptive field cone contributions between
brisk-sustained and brisk-transient cells were
seen.},
Key = {fds254652}
}
@article{fds254657,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Wortman, J and Schwartz, B and Cook,
D},
Title = {A scleral buckle pressure gauge for continuous monitoring of
intraocular pressure.},
Journal = {International Ophthalmology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-17},
Year = {1980},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0165-5701},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194323},
Abstract = {An implantable variable resistance pressure gauge has been
constructed from a conductive elastomere in the form of a
scleral buckle which is suitable for recording intraocular
pressure in vivo continuously over an indefinite period of
time. The similarity of the pressure transducer to the
standard scleral buckles used to reduce retinal detachments
suggests that it will be tolerated over a period of years
without significant effect on intraocular pressure. The
electrical output from these pressure gauges appears to be
both well defined and of sufficient magnitude to operate a
valve to control intraocular pressure.},
Key = {fds254657}
}
@article{fds254654,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and O'foghludha, FA and Sliney, DH and Guy, AW and Smith,
AA and Johnson, GA},
Title = {Electromagnetic emission from visual display units: A
non-hazard},
Journal = {Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Active Materials:
Behavior and Mechanics},
Volume = {229},
Pages = {187-195},
Year = {1980},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.958802},
Abstract = {An analysis of the electromagnetic emissions of an IBM Model
32772 visual display unit showed no hazardous levels in any
portion of the spectrum. The actual level of emission was
measured throughout the spectrum from low frequency radio
waves through x-radiation, extending from 10 KHz through 10
GHz, then 0.2 to 10 μm, and from 5 to over 40 keV. In many
parts of the spectrum, the level of emission was below the
sensitivity of available instrumentation. In the radio
frequency range, including the microwave region,
measurements were also made on black and white and color
television sets for the purpose of comparison. © 1980,
SPIE.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.958802},
Key = {fds254654}
}
@article{fds254656,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Workshop on ocular safety and eye care.},
Journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
Volume = {19},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1124},
Year = {1980},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0146-0404},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7410005},
Key = {fds254656}
}
@article{fds254651,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {The rationale of photocoagulation therapy for proliferative
diabetic retinopathy: a review and a model.},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Surgery},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {235-245},
Year = {1980},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-023X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6155650},
Abstract = {A model is proposed for initiation and inhibition of growth
in retinal vessels including the control of proliferative
diabetic retinopathy by photocoagulation. The model assumes
that chronic dilatation (constriction) of a retinal blood
vessel causes (inhibits) growth. Destruction of rods and
cones by photocoagulation allows more choroidal oxygen to
reach the inner retina and constrict retinal vessels. The
attenuated vessels in late stage retinitis pigmentosa are an
analogous and exaggerated effect to that from
photocoagulation. The control of proliferative diabetic
retinopathy is compared to the cause of retrolental
fibroplasma. Following vitrectomy the retina utilizes oxygen
from the aqueous which results in dilatation of iris vessels
followed by rubeosis iridis. From this model,
neovascularization from the disc or angle vessels follows
the dilatation resulting from increased flow in their distal
vascular beds.},
Key = {fds254651}
}
@article{fds254653,
Author = {Urbach, F and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {OCCUPATIONAL SKIN HAZARDS FROM ULTRAVIOLET (UV)
EXPOSURES.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
Engineers},
Volume = {229},
Pages = {21-35},
Year = {1980},
Abstract = {The various types of UV effects on the skin are classified
according to the part of the spectrum and their beneficial
or deleterious nature. Some hazardous ultraviolet sources
used in industrial processes are described, and examples of
photoallergy, phototoxicity, and photosensitization
resulting from UV exposures are given. The incidence of skin
cancer as a function of geographical location and exposure
to sunlight is discussed in relation natural and artificial
exposures to long and short wavelength UV, especially in
connection with tanning booths. The conclusion is reached
that there is enough ultraviolet in a normal environment to
propose a hazard, and additional ultraviolet exposure from
industrial or consumer sources is not necessary, and should
be eliminated wherever possible.},
Key = {fds254653}
}
@article{fds254655,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {DAMAGE TO THE LENS FROM INFRARED.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
Engineers},
Volume = {229},
Pages = {121-142},
Year = {1980},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.958797},
Abstract = {Cataracts resulting from IR exposure are compared with those
linked to UV exposure. The IR exposure produces changes in
the lens proteins, the crystallins, while UV exposure seems
to attack specific amino acids. Gel electrophoresis of lens
proteins have been used to detect the earliest changes
possible in cataract formation following exposure to IR from
broadband and laser source irradiation. Cataracts can be
easily formed in rabbit lenses in vivo when the laser
radiation is restricted to the lens alone at power levels
above 1 w for 1 min. Lower levels do not produce immediate
cataracts but changes in lens proteins can be detected by
thin layer isoelectric electrophoresis of plain
polyacrylamide gels and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or
6 m urea. The plain gels (pH 3. 5 to 10) showed a decrease
in the alpha crystallines indicating a possible change of
soluble alpha crystallin to an insoluble high molecular (HM)
weight form. However, small amounts of beta and gamma
crystallins may also be involved in the formation of a HM
insoluble aggregate. Soluble HM weight crystallins often
were detected as the alpha crystallin disappeared. This HM
soluble fraction may be an intermediate step in the process
in forming insoluble alpha crystallin.},
Doi = {10.1117/12.958797},
Key = {fds254655}
}
@article{fds254650,
Author = {Coleman, J and Sydnor, CF and Wolbarsht, ML and Bessler,
M},
Title = {Abnormal visual pathways in human albinos studied with
visually evoked potentials.},
Journal = {Experimental Neurology},
Volume = {65},
Number = {3},
Pages = {667-679},
Year = {1979},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0014-4886},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/467566},
Key = {fds254650}
}
@article{fds254648,
Author = {Johnson, LW and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Mercury poisoning: a probable cause of Isaac Newton's
physical and mental ills.},
Journal = {Notes & Records of the Royal Society},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-9},
Year = {1979},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0035-9149},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11610639},
Key = {fds254648}
}
@article{fds254649,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers Iii and MB},
Title = {Lasers in ophthalmology: the path from theory to
application.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {18},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1518-1526},
Year = {1979},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0003-6935},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20212888},
Abstract = {The argon laser for diabetic retinopathy therapy was
originally selected for photocoagulation by matching peak
emission to hemoglobin absorption to maximize obliteration
of retinal blood vessels. Present clinical experience in the
treatment of diabetic retinopathy does not show any marked
advantage of argon lasers over ruby and xenon
photocoagulators not matched to hemoglobin absorption. The
efficacy of photocoagulation is shown to depend upon the
interaction between choroidal and retinal blood supplies in
tissue oxygenation and depends upon pigment epithelium
absorption to destroy rods and cones. Design specifications
for new laser photocoagulators and alternative
(supplemental) therapy for diabetic retinopathy are
given.},
Key = {fds254649}
}
@article{fds291138,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {SUPERSUMMATION AND AFTERIMAGES},
Journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {289-289},
Year = {1979},
ISSN = {0140-525X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979JA57300097&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00062610},
Key = {fds291138}
}
@article{fds323497,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Optical design reflectors: Part 3: comments.},
Journal = {Applied Optics},
Volume = {17},
Number = {23},
Pages = {3705-3706},
Year = {1978},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds323497}
}
@article{fds254647,
Author = {Cope, WT and Wolbarsht, ML and Yamanashi, BS},
Title = {The corneal polarization cross.},
Journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America},
Volume = {68},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1139-1141},
Year = {1978},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0030-3941},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/712454},
Abstract = {The corneal polarization cross can be seen at the human
cornea using crossed polaroids. The optical mechanisms for
this phenomena include rotation and retardation of the light
at the surface of the cornea due to the corneal curvature,
as well as retardation due to an average circumferential
orientation of the birefringent corneal collagen.},
Key = {fds254647}
}
@article{fds254646,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Electrophysiological determination of retinal sensitivity to
color after intense monochromatic light adaptation},
Volume = {SAM-TR-78-9},
Year = {1978},
Abstract = {Techniques were developed to record retinal ganglion-cell
responses. Categories of cell types in the cat retina were
established in which X, Y, and W cell types were found with
both cones and rods. The cones were connected in
combinations selected from three groups whose γ(max) were
450, 500, and 555 nm. The receptive field organization
showed center-surround characteristics interaction,
including antagonism between cone types. Strong light
adaptation showed independence of each cone group from any
other in their influence upon the ganglion cells, which was
confirmed by the separate recovery of sensitivity by each
group. Both the loss and recovery of sensitivity in various
parts of the receptive field were demonstrated. No special
deleterious effects of strong light adaptation on the 450
λ(max) cone were observed. Good stability of recording
techniques was achieved with single cells maintained 10
hours or more. The central portion of the retina was studied
intensively, demonstrating the feasibility of recording from
the macular or foveal region in rhesus monkeys.},
Key = {fds254646}
}
@article{fds254643,
Author = {Ringo, J and Wolbarsht, ML and Wagner, HG and Crocker, R and Amthor,
F},
Title = {Trichromatic vision in the cat.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {198},
Number = {4318},
Pages = {753-755},
Year = {1977},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/910161},
Abstract = {Many cat retinal ganglion cells (types X, Y, and W) have
inputs from three separate cone systems. Those with peak
sensitivities at 450 and 555 nanometers have been previously
shown. A gamma max cone with a peak sensitivity of 500
nanometers can be differentiated from other cones by
spectral sensitivity and from rods by receptive field
differences, functioning above rod saturation levels, and by
cone-rod breaks in the dark-adaptation curves. The
similarity of the three-cone cat retina to the extramacular
retina of the rhesus monkeys suggests that the cat may have
photopic trichromatic vision.},
Key = {fds254643}
}
@article{fds254642,
Author = {Wadsworth, JA and Wolbarsht, ML and Bessler, M and Hickingbotham,
D},
Title = {A portable system for external photography.},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {84},
Number = {1},
Pages = {123-125},
Year = {1977},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/900212},
Abstract = {A portable system for external photography combines a
focusing lamp and movable flash unit with a wide focusing
range. The system is arranged to operate from a single
two-position trigger and may be hand-held or mounted on a
slitlamp stand. It is designed for use in general
ophthalmology in a multilaned office practice or bedside use
in a hospital situation.},
Key = {fds254642}
}
@article{fds254639,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB},
Title = {Current trends in therapy: theory and practice.
Introduction.},
Journal = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {179-180},
Year = {1977},
ISSN = {0065-2598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/848391},
Key = {fds254639}
}
@article{fds254640,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB and Wadsworth, JA and Anderson,
WB},
Title = {Retinitis pigmentosa: clinical management based on current
concepts.},
Journal = {Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {181-195},
Year = {1977},
ISSN = {0065-2598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/300550},
Key = {fds254640}
}
@article{fds254644,
Author = {Holland, PM and III, MBL and Lebovitz, HE and Wolbarsht,
M},
Title = {Reply},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {83},
Number = {6},
Pages = {930-},
Year = {1977},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
Key = {fds254644}
}
@article{fds254645,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Tests for glare sensitivity and peripheral vision in driver
applicants},
Journal = {Journal of Safety Research},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {128-139},
Year = {1977},
Abstract = {A report is given of field trials of a version of the
standard vision tests modified to provide both a
quantitative measure of susceptibility to glare and defects
in peripheral vision. Approximately 1500 driver applicants
were examined in 30 stations throughout the state. The
distribution of elevated glare sensitivity and defects in
peripheral vision in the driving population were determined
and correlated with individual accident records. There were
clear indications that a large percentage of older drivers
had elevated glare sensitivity. Those drivers limited their
driving to nonglare conditions in many cases. Future lines
of investigation indicated by the present study are a
correlation between this test and the present standard used
by the Medical Evaluation Board for restriction to daytime
driving. More data is needed on driver applicants over the
age of 50 about possible elevations in glare sensitivity and
accident records. The peripheral vision tester was
satisfactory in all respects and it is recommended that it
be adopted for general use.},
Key = {fds254645}
}
@article{fds254635,
Author = {Holland, PM and Landers, MB and Lebovitz, HE and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Levodopa-stimulated growth hormone secretion and diabetic
retinopathy.},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {82},
Number = {4},
Pages = {612-618},
Year = {1976},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/970425},
Abstract = {Since growth hormone has been implicated as a possible
etiologic factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy,
we examined growth hormone levels in two groups of
growth-onset diabetics matched for age and duration of
disease. The experimental group had definite proliferative
diabetic retinopathy; the control group of growth-onset
diabetics had no significant retinopathy. Basal and
levodopa-stimulated levels of growth hormone were determined
for each group. Growth hormone response could not be
correlated with the presence or absence of diabetic
retinopathy (P less than .05).},
Key = {fds254635}
}
@article{fds254641,
Author = {Sliney, DH and Wangemann, RT and Franks, JK and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Visual sensitivity of the eye to infrared laser
radiation.},
Journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America},
Volume = {66},
Number = {4},
Pages = {339-341},
Year = {1976},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0030-3941},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1262982},
Abstract = {The foveal sensitivity to several near-infrared laser
wavelengths was measured. It was found that the eye could
respond to radiation at wavelengths at least as far as 1064
nm. A continuous 1064 nm laser source appeared red, but a
1060 nm pulsed laser source appeared green, which suggests
the presence of harmonic generation in the
retina.},
Key = {fds254641}
}
@article{fds254631,
Author = {Landers, MB and Wolbarsht, ML and Shaw, HE},
Title = {The current status of laser usage in ophthalmology.},
Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
Volume = {267},
Pages = {230-246},
Year = {1976},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0077-8923},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/818931},
Key = {fds254631}
}
@article{fds254638,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {The function of intraocular color filters.},
Journal = {Federation Proceedings},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {44-50},
Year = {1976},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0014-9446},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/173583},
Key = {fds254638}
}
@article{fds254634,
Author = {Stein, PJ and Henkens, RW and Yamanashi, BS and Wolbarsht,
M},
Title = {Studies on brunescent cataracts. II. Fluorescence studies on
normal and brunescent lens proteins},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Research},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {388-394},
Year = {1976},
Abstract = {The fluorescence of both water-soluble and water-insoluble
protein fractions from normal and brunescent lens was
measured. Among the solvents used, sodium dodecyl sulfate
and guanidinium chloride do not destroy the primary
structure of the lens protein. The non-amino acid
fluorescence intensity increases in the insoluble fractions
of both normal and cataractous lenses. Similar results were
obtained using digests of the lens protein solutions. The
yellow color of brunescent cataracts is associated
predominantly with the fraction that is insoluble even in
dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol. It is suggested that the
fluorescence and the yellow pigmentation associated with
brunescent lenses do not result from the same
compound.},
Key = {fds254634}
}
@article{fds254636,
Author = {Jr, JSZ and Jr, JBS and Yamanashi, BS and Wolbarsht,
M},
Title = {Studies on brunescent cataracts. I. Analysis of free and
protein bound amino acids},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Research},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {379-387},
Year = {1976},
Abstract = {The concentrations of free amino acids and the composition
of protein-bound amino acids have been determined from
normal human lens and from human brunescent cataracts. The
concentrations of free amino acids are markedly and
consistently reduced in brunescent lenses. Little change is
found in the amino acid composition of either the soluble or
water-insoluble proteins when normal and brunescent lenses
are compared. Low concentrations of kynurenine were present
in all lens protein hydrolysates and in the free amino acid
pool. There appeared to be no significant decrease in
protein-bound tryptophan in the brunescent
lens.},
Key = {fds254636}
}
@article{fds254637,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Landers, MB and Robinson, CH and Hickingbotham,
D},
Title = {A micromanipulator for intraocular surgery.},
Journal = {Ophthalmic Surgery},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {51-54},
Year = {1976},
ISSN = {0022-023X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/934600},
Key = {fds254637}
}
@article{fds254732,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Structure and function of the visual system. Introductory
remarks},
Journal = {Federation Proceedings},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {36-},
Year = {1976},
Key = {fds254732}
}
@article{fds254601,
Author = {Yasuda, H and Bumgarner, MO and Marsh, HC and Yamanashi, BS and Devito,
DP and Wolbarsht, ML and Reed, JW and Bessler, M and Landers, MB and Hercules, DM and Carver, J},
Title = {Ultrathin coating by plasma polymerization applied to
corneal contact lens.},
Journal = {Journal of Biomedical Materials Research},
Volume = {9},
Number = {6},
Pages = {629-643},
Year = {1975},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-9304},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1184610},
Abstract = {Plasma coating (deposition of polymer under the influence of
plasma) is utilized to modify the surface properties of
corneal contact lens. An ultrathin layer (thickness of
roughly 200 A) of plasma polymer of acetylene/H20/N2 is
applied to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) corneal contact
lenses. The surface becomes highly wettable with water
compared to uncoated lens. When coated and uncoated contact
lenses are placed on rabbit eyes, a remarkable difference in
accumulation of mucous matter is observed. With the control
lenses, the accumulation of mucous matter in a week is
sufficient to affect the optical clarity of the lenses,
whereas the coated lenses show no change after three months
continuous wearing. The comparative degree of adhesion of
the corneal epithelium cells onto glass, modified glass,
PMMA, and coated PMMA surfaces is studied using tissue
cultures and phase contrast microscopy. The coated PMMA
surface exhibits a degree of tissue adhesion lower than that
of control PMMA and higher than that of glass surface, and
no sign of toxicity of the coated surface is observed by the
tissue cultures.},
Doi = {10.1002/jbm.820090609},
Key = {fds254601}
}
@article{fds254632,
Author = {White, CW and Wolbarsht, ML and Tieger, T},
Title = {A fast visual colorimeter},
Journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
Volume = {7},
Number = {3},
Pages = {260-264},
Year = {1975},
ISSN = {1554-351X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03201443},
Abstract = {A simple colorimeter is described which enables untrained
observers to rapidly and reliably match hue and saturation
using a novel joystick control. The colorimeter output is
suitable for computer recording and analysis. The
applications of this color-matching technique in experiments
requiring speed and simplicity are illustrated. © 1975
Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
Doi = {10.3758/BF03201443},
Key = {fds254632}
}
@article{fds254633,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {The demise of the Neanderthals: Was language a
factor?},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {187},
Number = {4177},
Pages = {600-601},
Year = {1975},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
Key = {fds254633}
}
@article{fds254628,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Use of grant funds.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {185},
Number = {4149},
Pages = {399},
Year = {1974},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17743066},
Doi = {10.1126/science.185.4149.399-a},
Key = {fds254628}
}
@article{fds254625,
Author = {Matheson, IBC and Lee, J and Yamanashi, BS and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Measurement of the absolute rate constants for singlet
molecular oxygen(1Δg) reaction with
1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran and physical quenching by ground
state molecular oxygen},
Journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
Volume = {96},
Number = {11},
Pages = {3343-3348},
Year = {1974},
ISSN = {0002-7863},
Abstract = {Singlet oxygen (1Δg) has been produced in Freon 113
solution by pumping the oxygen 1Δg + 1v ← 3Σg-
electronic transition by 1.06 μm radiation from a
continuous Nd-YAG laser or a Q-switched Nd-glass laser. The
singlet oxygen thus produced was detected by reaction with
the acceptor 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) Comparison of
the amount of DPBF concentration change with the amount of
singlet oxygen produced has shown that the rate constant of
reaction of DPBF with singlet oxygen obtained by Merkel and
Kearns and others is an order of magnitude too high but
corresponds to the total rate constant which we measure for
reaction plus quenching. The rate of quenching of singlet
oxygen by ground state oxygen has been measured to be 2.7 ×
103 l. mol-1 sec-1 in Freon 113, only twice the rate in the
gas phase measured by Wayne and others. © Copyright, 1974,
by the American Chemical Society.},
Key = {fds254625}
}
@article{fds254629,
Author = {Matheson, IBC and Lee, J and Yamanashi, BS and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Observation of the singlet oxygen dimol emission from
neodymium laser pumped oxygen in the gas phase and in
1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane solution},
Journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
Volume = {27},
Number = {3},
Pages = {355-358},
Year = {1974},
ISSN = {0009-2614},
Abstract = {Dimol emission 2O2(1Δg) → 2O2(3Σg-) + hν633nm has been
observed from neodymium glass laser pumped oxygen in the gas
phase and in 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane solution. The
emission lifetime is dependent on quenching by ground state
oxygen, and the quenching rate constants determined in this
work are consistent with literature values. ©
1974.},
Key = {fds254629}
}
@article{fds254630,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Yamanashi, BS},
Title = {Browning of the lens in generalized albinism},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {78},
Number = {5},
Pages = {874-},
Year = {1974},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
Key = {fds254630}
}
@article{fds254626,
Author = {Kurzel, RB and Wolbarsht, ML and Yamanashi, BS},
Title = {Spectral studies on normal and cataractous intact human
lenses.},
Journal = {Experimental Eye Research},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-71},
Year = {1973},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0014-4835},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4752363},
Key = {fds254626}
}
@article{fds254627,
Author = {Kurzel, RB and Wolbarsht, M and Yamanashi, BS and Staton, GW and Borkman, RF},
Title = {Tryptophan excited states and cataracts in the human lens
[20]},
Journal = {Nature},
Volume = {241},
Number = {5385},
Pages = {132-133},
Year = {1973},
ISSN = {0028-0836},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/241132a0},
Doi = {10.1038/241132a0},
Key = {fds254627}
}
@article{fds254624,
Author = {Spekreijse, H and Wagner, HG and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Spectral and spatial coding of ganglion cell responses in
goldfish retina.},
Journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {73-86},
Year = {1972},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-3077},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5008725},
Doi = {10.1152/jn.1972.35.1.73},
Key = {fds254624}
}
@article{fds254623,
Author = {Norton, AL and Spekreijse, H and Wagner, HG and Wolbarsht,
ML},
Title = {Responses to directional stimuli in retinal preganglionic
units.},
Journal = {The Journal of Physiology},
Volume = {206},
Number = {1},
Pages = {93-107},
Year = {1970},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-3751},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5498462},
Abstract = {1. Extracellular recordings were made from directionally
selective ganglion cell units in the isolated frog retina
and decapitated Necturus preparation.2. Intracellular
recordings were made from individual photoreceptor cells in
the frog and Necturus retinae while stimuli which had evoked
directionally selective responses at the ganglion cell level
were presented. No evidence for inhibition of photoreceptors
for any direction of movement of the light stimulus was
found. This appeared to rule out a mechanism for directional
selectivity involving inhibition of photoreceptor
potentials.3. Intracellular recordings were made from the
nuclear layer between photoreceptors and ganglion cells in
Necturus. The responses were of two types: either transitory
or sustained.4. The sustained type responses could be
divided into two classes depending on their receptive field
organization. One type of sustained potential had a large
receptive field without any evidence for a centre-surround
antagonism and corresponded to the luminosity type
S-potential recorded in fish. The other type had a smaller
receptive field and showed a difference in sign of response
between centre and surround if the centre was flooded with a
steady light. This is very similar to what has been
described for a type of on-centre, off-surround ganglion
cell.5. The transitory type of responses showed some
centre-surround antagonistic organization. Some of these
transitory units also appeared to show some discrimination
in response as a function of the distribution of light on
the retina.6. No specific directional selectivity was found
from units at the inner nuclear layer. This further excluded
any mechanism of directional sensitivity which involves
selectivity at the photoreceptor level.7. It was concluded
that although inner nuclear layer units may play a role in
the mechanism of directional selectivity, no specific
directionality was found at the first synaptic level of the
retina.},
Key = {fds254623}
}
@article{fds323498,
Author = {Clarke, A and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Ocular hazards from lasers and other optical
sources},
Journal = {CRC CRITICAL REV. IN ENVIRON. CONTROL},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1-4},
Pages = {307-339},
Year = {1970},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643387009381569},
Doi = {10.1080/10643387009381569},
Key = {fds323498}
}
@article{fds254621,
Author = {Norton, AL and Spekreijse, H and Wolbarsht, ML and Wagner,
HG},
Title = {Receptive field organization of the S-potential.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {160},
Number = {3831},
Pages = {1021-1022},
Year = {1968},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5647849},
Abstract = {The receptive fields of S-potentials have been studied in
carp retinas. The relationship between the stimulus
intensity and area of stimulation was examined for each
component of three different types of S-potential. It
appears that for each component there is full summation over
a large portion of the retina, a type of organization
different from that found in the ganglion
cell.},
Key = {fds254621}
}
@article{fds254622,
Author = {Hayes, JR and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Thermal model for retinal damage induced by pulsed
lasers.},
Journal = {Aerospace Medicine},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {474-480},
Year = {1968},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0001-9402},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5648735},
Key = {fds254622}
}
@article{fds254619,
Author = {Gillary, HL and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Electrical responses from the eye of a land
snail.},
Journal = {Revue Canadienne de Biologie},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {125-134},
Year = {1967},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0035-0915},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6065915},
Key = {fds254619}
}
@article{fds254618,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Yeandle, SS},
Title = {Visual processes in the Limulus eye.},
Journal = {Annual Review of Physiology},
Volume = {29},
Pages = {513-542},
Year = {1967},
ISSN = {0066-4278},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5335441},
Doi = {10.1146/annurev.ph.29.030167.002501},
Key = {fds254618}
}
@article{fds254620,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Decrement in visual acuity from laser lesions in the
fovea.},
Journal = {Aerospace Medicine},
Volume = {37},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1250-1252},
Year = {1966},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0001-9402},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4961718},
Key = {fds254620}
}
@article{fds254616,
Author = {Yarczower, M and Wolbarsht, ML and Galloway, WD and Fligsten, KE and Malcolm, R},
Title = {Visual acuity in a stumptail macaque.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3727},
Pages = {1392-1393},
Year = {1966},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4957015},
Abstract = {Visual acuity in a normal stumptail macaque is 1.4 minutes
of arc-similar to man's. Destruction of the fovea by
photocoagulation decreased acuity to 9 minutes of arc. These
facts suggest that the fovea in the macaque has the same
physiological role in visual acuity as in
man.},
Key = {fds254616}
}
@article{fds254600,
Author = {Van Buskirk and C and Wolbarsht, ML and Stecher, K},
Title = {The nonnervous causes of normal physiologic
tremor.},
Journal = {Neurology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {217-220},
Year = {1966},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0028-3878},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5948513},
Key = {fds254600}
}
@article{fds254595,
Author = {Fligsten, K and Wolbarsht, M},
Title = {A diffusely transmitting, integrating sphere for measuring
laser output with a phototransistor},
Journal = {Proceedings of the Ieee},
Volume = {54},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1109-1110},
Year = {1966},
ISSN = {0018-9219},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1966.5033},
Doi = {10.1109/PROC.1966.5033},
Key = {fds254595}
}
@article{fds254617,
Author = {Yarczower, M and Wolbarsht, ML and Galloway, WD and Fligsten, KE and Malcolm, R},
Title = {Erratum: Visual acuity in a stumptail macaque (Science
(June, 1966) 152 (1392))},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {152},
Number = {3730},
Pages = {1730-},
Year = {1966},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
Key = {fds254617}
}
@article{fds254614,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Fligsten, KE and Hayes, JR},
Title = {Retina: pathology of neodymium and ruby laser
burns.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {150},
Number = {3702},
Pages = {1453-1454},
Year = {1965},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4955019},
Abstract = {Chorioretinal lesions hiave been prodluced in monkeys during
experitments with ruby and neodlymium lasers. Most of the
energy from the ruby laser (wavelength 6943 angstroms) is
absorbed by the pigment epithelium, where the greatest
damage appears. With the neodymium laser (10,600 angstroms)
the neural portions of the retina absorb more of damage than
the pigment epithelium and adjacent tissues.},
Key = {fds254614}
}
@article{fds254612,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Receptor sites in insect chemoreceptors.},
Journal = {Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative
Biology},
Volume = {30},
Pages = {281-288},
Year = {1965},
ISSN = {0091-7451},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5219481},
Key = {fds254612}
}
@article{fds254615,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML and HANSON, FE},
Title = {ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CHEMORECEPTORS OF THE BLOWFLY. 3.
DENDRITIC},
Journal = {The Journal of General Physiology},
Volume = {48},
Pages = {673-683},
Year = {1965},
ISSN = {0022-1295},
Key = {fds254615}
}
@article{fds254613,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Stopp, PE and Goodson, JE},
Title = {Ophthalmoscopy of pigeons using transillumination.},
Journal = {Experientia},
Volume = {20},
Number = {8},
Pages = {466-467},
Year = {1964},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0014-4754},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5856886},
Key = {fds254613}
}
@article{fds254596,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {In defense of gadgeteering, a second look},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2-2},
Year = {1963},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0096-0616},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBMEL.1963.4322773},
Doi = {10.1109/TBMEL.1963.4322773},
Key = {fds254596}
}
@article{fds254599,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {IN DEFENSE OF GADGETEERING, A SECOND LOOK.},
Journal = {Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering},
Volume = {10},
Pages = {29-36},
Year = {1963},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0018-9294},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14059528},
Key = {fds254599}
}
@article{fds254611,
Author = {WAGNER, HG and MACNICHOL, EF and WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {Functional basis for "on"-center and "off"-center receptive
fields in the retina.},
Journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {66-70},
Year = {1963},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0030-3941},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13998241},
Doi = {10.1364/josa.53.000066},
Key = {fds254611}
}
@article{fds254610,
Author = {MILLER, WH and WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {Neural activity in the parietal eye of a
lizard.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {135},
Number = {3500},
Pages = {316-317},
Year = {1962},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14474119},
Abstract = {Electrical signs of activity in response to illumination of
the parietal eye of the American chameleon, Anolis
carolinensis, have been investigated. The responses were of
two types. Under conditions of direct-coupled amplification,
with glass pipette electrodes recording extracellularly from
the retinal surface, the response consisted of an increase
in negativity maintained throughout prolonged illumination.
With capacitance-coupled amplification and metal electrodes,
brisk mass discharges of nerve impulses were detected at the
onset and cessation of illumination. During illumination a
less vigorous maintained discharge was observed.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.135.3500.316},
Key = {fds254610}
}
@article{fds254607,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML and Macnichol, EF and Wagner, HG},
Title = {Glass Insulated Platinum Microelectrode.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {132},
Number = {3436},
Pages = {1309-1310},
Year = {1960},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17753062},
Abstract = {Microelectrodes for electrophysiological use have been
prepared easily and quickly by electrolytically sharpening
platinum iridium alloy wire and coating with molten glass.
The desirable combination of the electrical characteristics
and strength of the platinum iridium wire with the
exceptional durability of glass insulation has long been
known, but earlier methods of fabrication were difficult and
tedious.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.132.3436.1309},
Key = {fds254607}
}
@article{fds254598,
Author = {OTOMO, E and WOLBARSHT, ML and VAN BUSKIRK and C and DAVIDSON,
M},
Title = {A comparison of spinal cord, cortical and superficial
circulation.},
Journal = {The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease},
Volume = {131},
Pages = {418-427},
Year = {1960},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-3018},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13731597},
Key = {fds254598}
}
@article{fds254609,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {Electrical characteristics of insectmechanoreceptors.},
Journal = {The Journal of General Physiology},
Volume = {44},
Pages = {105-122},
Year = {1960},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-1295},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13786239},
Abstract = {External direct coupled recordings from the neurons of the
mechanosensory hairs of insects show nerve impulses and
graded slow potentials in response to deformation of the
hair. These slow potentials or receptor potentials are
negative going, vary directly with the magnitude of the
stimulus, and show no overshoot when returning to baseline.
The impulses have an initial positive phase which varies in
size directly with the amplitude of the receptor potential.
The receptor potential is related to the generator potential
for the impulse in that it must attain some critical level
before impulses are produced, and the frequency of impulses
varies directly with amplitude of the receptor potential.
The receptor potential does not return to the baseline after
each impulse. In some receptors static deformation of the
hair will maintain the receptor potential. It appears likely
that both the receptor potential and the variation in size
of the impulses are caused by a change in conductance of the
cell membrane at the receptor site, and that the receptor
potential originates at a site which is not invaded by the
propagated impulses.},
Key = {fds254609}
}
@article{fds328073,
Author = {Wagner, HG and Macnichol, EF and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {The Response Properties of Single Ganglion Cells in the
Goldfish Retina.},
Journal = {The Journal of General Physiology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {45-62},
Year = {1960},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds328073}
}
@article{fds254608,
Author = {Wagner, HG and Macnichol, EF and Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Opponent Color Responses in Retinal Ganglion
Cells.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {131},
Number = {3409},
Pages = {1314},
Year = {1960},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784397},
Abstract = {The receptive fields of certain ganglion cells in the
goldfish retina have been mapped. These fields are "off"
center. "on-off" intermediate, and "on" periphery types. The
excitatory process controlling the "on" response is
stimulated maximally by green light; the "off" response
process, inhibitory in nature, is stimulated maximally by
red light. The two processes can be light adapted
independently.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.131.3409.1314},
Key = {fds254608}
}
@article{fds323499,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML and DETHIER, VG},
Title = {Electrical activity in the chemoreceptors of the blowfly. I.
Responses to chemical and mechanical stimulation.},
Journal = {The Journal of General Physiology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {393-412},
Year = {1958},
Month = {November},
Abstract = {The electrical responses of the neurons associated with the
various types of chemosensory hairs of the blowfly, Phormia
regina Meigen, following stimulation by chemical and
mechanical means have been studied. The singly innervated
chemosensory hairs on the ovipositor, maxillary palpi, and
antennae respond vigorously to chemical stimulation, but not
to mechanical stimulation. The triply innervated
chemosensory hairs on the labellum, tarsus, and wing have
two neurons which respond only to chemical stimuli. The
third neuron responds only to mechanical stimulation. The
differential responses of the two chemosensory neurons to
various chemical stimuli following the removal of the tip of
the hair suggest that the structures responsible for
chemoreception are located throughout the distal processes
of these neurons. The response of the third neuron to
mechanical stimulation is similar to the response recorded
from the neuron associated with one type of tactile hair
which responds to motion and not to steady deformation.
Recordings have been made from the neurons associated with
purely tactile hairs using the cut hair as an extension of
the micropipette. The mechanosensory neuron of the wing
chemosensory hair is capable of responding at the rate of at
least 600 impulses per sec. and may serve to indicate
changes in air flow over the wing surfaces during flight to
enable the fly to correct the wing camber and attack
angle.},
Key = {fds323499}
}
@article{fds323500,
Author = {WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {Electrical activity in the chemoreceptors of the blowfly.
II. Responses to electrical stimulation.},
Journal = {The Journal of General Physiology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {413-428},
Year = {1958},
Month = {November},
Abstract = {An analysis of the various parts of the electrical responses
to the chemical and electrical stimulation of a single
labellar chemosensory hair of the blowfly, Phormia regina,
indicates that the recording conditions for the spike
potentials approximate the intracellular recordings made in
other types of sense cells. The large positive resting
potential probably arises from the basement membrane of the
hypodermal cells and neurilemma rather than from the neurons
at the base of the chemosensory hair. The responses to
polarizing currents passed through single chemosensory hairs
support this analysis. The behavioral responses to similar
polarizing currents are shown to result from the action of
the current on the neurons at the bases of the adjacent
chemosensory hairs. The reported neural interaction of the
two chemosensory neurons associated with the chemosensory
hair is probably due to the physical-chemical attributes of
the stimulating solution rather than to any real neural
interaction. Observations on the latency of the initial
nerve impulse in response to chemical stimulation indicate
that the chemosensory neurons are normally free from
spontaneous spike activity.},
Key = {fds323500}
}
@article{fds254605,
Author = {WAGNER, HG and WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {Studies on the functional organization of the vertebrate
retina.},
Journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {3 Part 2},
Pages = {46-55},
Year = {1958},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0002-9394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13571358},
Key = {fds254605}
}
@article{fds254604,
Author = {Wolbarsht, ML},
Title = {Water Taste in Phormia.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {125},
Number = {3260},
Pages = {1248},
Year = {1957},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0036-8075},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17799357},
Doi = {10.1126/science.125.3260.1248},
Key = {fds254604}
}
@article{fds254606,
Author = {DETHIER, VG and WOLBARSHT, ML},
Title = {The electron microscopy of chemosensory hairs.},
Journal = {Experientia},
Volume = {12},
Number = {9},
Pages = {335-337},
Year = {1956},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0014-4754},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13365586},
Key = {fds254606}
}
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