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| Publications of Redford B. Williams :recent first alphabetical combined listing:%% Journal Articles @article{fds277186, Author = {Williams, RB and McKegney, FP}, Title = {Psychological aspects of hypertension. I. The influence of experimental interview variables on blood pressure.}, Journal = {The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine}, Volume = {38}, Number = {3}, Pages = {265-272}, Year = {1965}, Month = {December}, Key = {fds277186} } @article{fds277381, Author = {McKegney, FP and Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychological aspects of hypertension. II. The differential influence of interview variables on blood pressure.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {123}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1539-1545}, Year = {1967}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.123.12.1539}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.123.12.1539}, Key = {fds277381} } @article{fds277382, Author = {Williams, RB and Eichelman, B}, Title = {Social setting: influence on the physiological response to electric shock in the rat.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {174}, Number = {4009}, Pages = {613-614}, Year = {1971}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.174.4009.613}, Abstract = {A significant fall in tail blood pressure occurs in paired rats after shock-induced aggression. Pressure returns to baseline levels within 4 hours after fighting. Conversely, single rats subjected to jump threshold measurements or to shocks identical to those used in the aggression paradigm show significant elevations in tail blood pressure. The size of the pressure increase in rats shocked alone appears dependent on the intensity of the shocks, while the pressure fall in rats shocked in pairs occurs over a broad range of shock intensities.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.174.4009.613}, Key = {fds277382} } @article{fds277383, Author = {Williams, RB and Kimball, CP and Williard, HN}, Title = {The influence of interpersonal interaction on diastolic blood pressure.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {34}, Number = {3}, Pages = {194-198}, Year = {1972}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197205000-00002}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-197205000-00002}, Key = {fds277383} } @article{fds277384, Author = {Lamprecht, F and Eichelman, B and Thoa, NB and Williams, RB and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {Rat fighting behavior: serum dopamine- -hydroxylase and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {177}, Number = {4055}, Pages = {1214-1215}, Year = {1972}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4055.1214}, Abstract = {Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 4 weeks of daily periods of immobilization stress. One of two experimental groups was allowed 1 month of recovery. After 4 weeks of stress, there was a significant increase in shockinduced fighting, in the activity of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and in the activity of hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase. The concentration of hypothalamic norepinephrine was not decreased. After 4 weeks of recovery, only serum dopamine-betahydroxylase activity returned to normal; it therefore appears that longterm stress may increase central catecholamine synthesis. possibly resulting in a persistent increase in aggressive behavior.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.177.4055.1214}, Key = {fds277384} } @article{fds277385, Author = {Williams, RB and Eichelman, B and Ng, LK}, Title = {Depletion of brain amines reverses blood pressure response to footshock in rat.}, Journal = {Nature: New Biology}, Volume = {240}, Number = {104}, Pages = {276-277}, Year = {1972}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/newbio240276a0}, Doi = {10.1038/newbio240276a0}, Key = {fds277385} } @article{fds277389, Author = {Ng, LKY and Lamprecht, F and Williams, RB and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and ethanol: Differential effects on sympathetic activity in differing environmental setting}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {180}, Number = {4093}, Pages = {1368-1369}, Year = {1973}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4093.1368}, Abstract = {Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity, a useful biochemical index of peripheral sympathetic nervous activity, was measured in rats treated with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or ethanol or both substances. After 7 days of treatment with either substance, serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity decreased significantly. Combined treatment with both agents enhanced the effects of each given alone. In rats subjected to immobilization stress, treatment with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol appeared to potentiate the stress-induced increase in serum enzyme activity. Treatment with ethanol, with or without Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, eflectively blocked this increase in enzyme activity. These results show that both substances have significant eflects on the sympathetic nervous system which are critically influenced by environmental setting.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.180.4093.1368}, Key = {fds277389} } @article{fds277392, Author = {Williams, RB and Ng, LK and Lamprecht, F and Roth, K and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol: a hypotensive effect in rats.}, Journal = {Psychopharmacologia}, Volume = {28}, Number = {3}, Pages = {269-274}, Year = {1973}, ISSN = {0033-3158}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429307}, Abstract = {The effects of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol upon rat blood pressure were studied in control rats and in rats subjected to repeated immobilization stress over seven days. The immobilization stress was associated with a significant blood pressure increase in animals not receiving δ9-THC. δ9-THC resulted in a significant lowering of blood pressure in non-immobilized rats and blocked the appearance of hypertension in immobilized rats. These data support previous suggestions that THC compounds might be useful in an approach to the therapy of hypertension. © 1973 Springer-Verlag.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF00429307}, Key = {fds277392} } @article{fds277387, Author = {Lamprecht, F and Kvetnansky, R and Ng, LK and Williams, RB and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {Effect of 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol on immobilization-induced changes in rat adrenal medullary enzymes.}, Journal = {European Journal of Pharmacology}, Volume = {21}, Number = {2}, Pages = {249-251}, Year = {1973}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0014-2999}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(73)90235-5}, Abstract = {The effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on adrenal medullary catecholamine-forming enzymes in immobilized and non-immobilized control rats was studied. The immobilization-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase was markedly enhanced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; however, neither ethanol alone nor ethanol in combination with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol altered the levels of the enzymes in non-immobilized control rats. © 1973.}, Doi = {10.1016/0014-2999(73)90235-5}, Key = {fds277387} } @article{fds277388, Author = {Eichelman, B and Dejong, W and Williams, RB}, Title = {Aggressive behavior in hypertensive and normotensive rat strains.}, Journal = {Physiology & Behavior}, Volume = {10}, Number = {2}, Pages = {301-304}, Year = {1973}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0031-9384}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(73)90314-4}, Abstract = {Shock induced fighting, mouse killing, and jump thresholds were measured in gentically hypertensive or hypertensive-prone rat strains and in normotensive and surgically induced (renal) hypertensive rats. Differences in levels of shock induced agression and jump thresholds were observed, but were not a direct effect of hypertension and appeared to be traits genetically separate from the susceptibility to hypertension. © 1972.}, Doi = {10.1016/0031-9384(73)90314-4}, Key = {fds277388} } @article{fds277390, Author = {Lamprecht, F and Williams, RB and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase during development of immobilization-induced hypertension.}, Journal = {Endocrinology}, Volume = {92}, Number = {3}, Pages = {953-956}, Year = {1973}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-92-3-953}, Doi = {10.1210/endo-92-3-953}, Key = {fds277390} } @article{fds277386, Author = {Williams, RB and Frankel, BL and Gillin, JC and Weiss, JL}, Title = {Cardiovascular response during a word association test and an interview.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {10}, Number = {6}, Pages = {571-577}, Year = {1973}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00806.x}, Abstract = {Previous work has demonstrated a consistent increase in diastolic blood pressure during an interview relative to a word association test. A consideration of normal cardiovascular mechanisms suggests that such increased diastolic pressure could be associated with decreased forearm blood flow. This expectation is at variance with previous studies in which psychological stimuli have been associated only with increased forearm blood flow. Forearm blood flow and pulse rate were measured during rest periods and during a word association test and an interview in 8 normal volunteers and 8 psychiatric inpatients. Twelve of the 16 Ss showed a decrease in forearm blood flow during the interview, thus confirming our expectation. That this decrease is an active response, rather than a passive fall, is suggested by the finding of increased heart rate during the interview. The cardiovascular responses of the patient group differed in some respects from those of the normal group. It is hypothesized that the attentional deficit of the schizophrenics in the patient sample may have contributed to this difference.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00806.x}, Key = {fds277386} } @article{fds277391, Author = {Lamprecht, F and Eichelman, BS and Williams, RB and Wooten, GF and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity and blood pressure response of rat strains to shock-induced fighting.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {36}, Number = {4}, Pages = {298-303}, Year = {1974}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197407000-00003}, Abstract = {Significant differences are found among rat strains in terms of both blood pressure response to shock induced fighting and peripheral sympathetic nerve activity, as reflected in serum dopamine B hydroxylase (DBH) activity. In addition, strains with low levels of serum DBH activity did not exhibit significant blood pressure changes after fighting, whereas strains with high serum DBH levels showed significant falls in blood pressure. Serum DBH levels are a useful index of sympathetic nerve function in that they are related to hemodynamic responses to stress.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-197407000-00003}, Key = {fds277391} } @article{fds277393, Author = {Gillin, JC and Buchsbaum, MS and Jacobs, LS and Fram, DH and Williams, RB and Vaughan, TB and Mellon, E and Snyder, F and Wyatt, RJ}, Title = {Partial REM sleep deprivation, schizophrenia and field articulation.}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, Volume = {30}, Number = {5}, Pages = {653-662}, Year = {1974}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760110073009}, Abstract = {Eight actively ill schizophrenics and 8 nonpsychotic controls were deprived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by the awakening method for 2 nights. Sleep patterns during 5 postdeprivation nights were analyzed by a variety of univariate and multivariate techniques. Data suggest that actively ill schizophrenics are less likely than control psychiatric patients to exhibit a normal REM rebound. They require fewer awakenings than controls to achieve REM deprivation. They show little or no change in REM time or REM% during recovery as compared with base line, and, compared with controls, have significantly less REM time, REM%, and change in REM time and REM% on early postdeprivation nights. The 2 patient groups also differed in their pattern of stages III and IV during recovery. Considerable overlap existed in REM compensation between actively ill schizophrenics and controls. Additional information suggests that REM compensation may be related to Rod and Frame testing: the more field independent a subject is, the better REM compensator he is.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760110073009}, Key = {fds277393} } @article{fds277394, Author = {Garson, A and Williams, RB and Reckless, J}, Title = {Long-term follow-up of patients with tetralogy of Fallot: physical health and psychopathology.}, Journal = {The Journal of Pediatrics}, Volume = {85}, Number = {3}, Pages = {429-433}, Year = {1974}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0022-3476}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80136-8}, Abstract = {To assess the possible lasting psychologic sequellae in young adults who have recovered physically from congenital heart disease, the Cattell 16 PF personality inventory was administered to 37 patients (mean age=19.1 years) with tetralogy of Fallot at a time when 85% had been asymptomatic since their last surgery (mean interval since surgery=6.5 years). The patients scored significantly more in the neurotic range than expected by chance and had psychologic scores, suggesting that they are self-indulgent, dependent, overprotected, less well informed, lacking ambition, and operating more on the basis of feelings than thought. The more "neurotic" patients were hospitalized more times, but experienced better physical health than the less "neurotic" patients. The severity of the psychopathology appears not to be related to the severity of the physical symptomatology, but rather to a disparity between how the child perceives his illness and how others view his disease. © 1974 The C.V. Mosby Company.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80136-8}, Key = {fds277394} } @article{fds277395, Author = {Poon, LW and Thompson, LW and Williams, RB and Marsh, GR}, Title = {Changes of antero-posterior distribution of CNV and late positive component as a function of information processing demands.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {11}, Number = {6}, Pages = {660-673}, Year = {1974}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01135.x}, Abstract = {The topographic distribution of the amplitudes of the contingent negative variation (CNV) recorded along the midline of the anterior, central, and posterior regions of the human scalp varied as a function of type of information processing demanded. A parietal dominant CNV was found when active problem solving behavior was required. A central dominant CNV was evident in a disjunctive reaction time task. The results are interpreted as evidence supporting a model of cortical function which predicts shifts in cortical involvement as a function of type of task demands. A late positive component (LPC) of the average evoked potential was also found to vary as a function of stage of learning, recording sites, and an attitudinal dimension measured by Rotter's internal external locus of control scale.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01135.x}, Key = {fds277395} } @article{fds277399, Author = {Gentry, WD and Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychological aspects of myocardial infarction and coronary care}, Journal = {C.V.Mosby Co., St Louis}, Volume = {$ 7.30}, Year = {1975}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {The book is designed to serve as a comprehensive yet concise summary of available knowledge that is useful in understanding the psychological aspects of myocardial infarction and coronary care. It is meant to be a practical and usable text, one that can be referred to by professionals throughout their treatment of patients who have experienced a myocardial infarct. The large number of references to basic research studies demonstrates the scientific basis of the clinical case material. The clinical examples provide the reader with a point of reference for specific patient concerns that he or she may have. Finally, the book is divided into sections that deal separately with the psychological aspects of etiology, onset, acute care, rehabilitation, and psychological intervention; this enables the reader to selectively gain information and insight into the psychology pertinent to specific points along the illness recovery continuum or in one particular clinical setting (for example, the coronary care unit) without necessarily reading the entire book. However, reading the book in its entirety offers a better understanding of the complex network of functional relationships among the various behaviors of the patient with an acute myocardial infarction from symptom onset through rehabilitation and of the changing role of care givers throughout the illness recovery sequence.}, Key = {fds277399} } @article{fds277397, Author = {Hine, FR and Williams, RB}, Title = {Dimensional diagnosis and the medical student's grasp of psychiatry.}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {525-528}, Year = {1975}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760220137015}, Abstract = {Two problems that interfere with the student's understanding and acceptance of psychiatric knowledge result largely from the use of a categorical model for psychiatric diagnosis. These two problems are: (1) the apparent inapplicability of the standard system of psychiatric diagnosis to real patients; and (2) the apparent irrelevance for general medical practice of psychiatric diagnosis and theory. Both problems may be avoided by presenting psychiatry in the framework of a multidimensional diagnostic schema that used familiar terms but treats them as dimensions with severe, moderate, and mild degrees of impairment rather than as categories of mutually exclusive psychiatric diseases. A teaching program is described in which detailed review of student interviews with psychiatric and especially nonpsychiatric patients is employed to demonstrate the usefulness of multidimensional psychiatric diagnosis.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760220137015}, Key = {fds277397} } @article{fds277396, Author = {Bittker, TE and Buchsbaum, MS and Williams, RB and Wynne, LC}, Title = {Cardiovascular and neurophysiologic correlates of sensory intake and rejection. II. Interview behavior.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {434-438}, Year = {1975}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00019.x}, Abstract = {As part of a 3 task study of the influence of attentional style on cardiovascular response, 19 normal volunteers were given a 15 min interview during which systolic and diastolic blood pressure, digital pulse volume, heart rate, and forearm blood flow were recorded. At the same time two observers independently assessed 5 elements of the subjects' interview behavior; arousal, eye contact with the interviewer, self revelation of interview center, attentiveness to the interviewer, and overall transactional engagement in the interview task. When subjects were divided into groups of interview attenders and nonattenders on the basis of interviewer ratings, attenders had a mean decrease in forearm blood flow and nonattenders a mean increase. These group differences extended across a word identification (sensory intake) and mental arithmetic (sensory rejection) task as well. When subjects were divided into groups of forearm blood flow increasers and decreasers, increasers displayed less attentiveness to the interviewer, less self revelation, greater arousal, and less transactional engagement than did decreasers (N = 9). Attentiveness to the interviewer and transactional engagement were the two most sensitive behavioral discriminators in comparing the increaser and decreaser groups.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00019.x}, Key = {fds277396} } @article{fds277398, Author = {Williams, RB and Bittker, TE and Buchsbaum, MS and Wynne, LC}, Title = {Cardiovascular and neurophysiologic correlates of sensory intake and rejection. I. Effect of cognitive tasks.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {427-433}, Year = {1975}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00017.x}, Abstract = {In this study of the relationship between sensory processing and cardiovascular function, 5 cardiovascular parameters were monitored during baseline periods and during tasks requiring either sensory intake or sensory rejection behavior on the part of 19 subjects. Sensory intake behavior was associated with a pattern of response similar to that seen with activation of peripheral sympathetic nerves, vasoconstriction in both the digit (skin) and forearm (skeletal muscle). In contrast, sensory rejection behavior was associated with vasodilation in the forearm and vasoconstriction in the digit. Individual differences in an EEG measure of characteristic ways of processing sensory information were predictably associated with differences in resting cardiovascular function.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00017.x}, Key = {fds277398} } @article{fds277401, Author = {Williams, RB and Poon, LW and Burdette, LJ}, Title = {Locus of control and vasomotor response to sensory processing.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {127-133}, Year = {1977}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197703000-00007}, Abstract = {Heart rate and forearm blood flow responses were measured during experimental tasks requiring sensory intake, sensory rejection, and a mixture of the two behaviors. Subjects were 29 college students who had been categorized using Rotter's locus of control scale. Significant increases in both cardiovascular indices were seen in all three tasks; the responses were smaller, however, during sensory intake. Internals showed a differential response of forearm blood flow. In contrast, externals showed a similar vasodiatation across all tasks. The findings indicate that some of the variability in cariovascular response to sensory processing may be explained by individual differences in personality charcteristics related to subjects' perferred level of involvement in differing sensory processing behaviors.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-197703000-00007}, Key = {fds277401} } @article{fds277402, Author = {Lamprecht, F and Richardson, JS and Williams, RB and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {6-hydroxydopamine destruction of central adrenergic neurones prevents or reverses developing DOCA-salt hypertension in rats.}, Journal = {J Neural Transm}, Volume = {40}, Number = {2}, Pages = {149-158}, Year = {1977}, ISSN = {0300-9564}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250565}, Abstract = {The role of brain catecholaminergic neurones in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat was investigated by selective depletion of central catecholamines using intraventricular or intracisternal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Only the intraventricular injections prevented the development of hypertension. In addition, intraventricular 6-OHDA reversed the hypertension produced by two weeks but not six weeks of DOCA-salt treatment. The ability of intraventricular injections of 6-OHDA to prevent or reverse DOCA-salt hypertension while intracisternal injections do not, appears to be related to the greater depletion of brain catecholamines produced by the intraventricular injections. Only in the spinal cord and in the locus coeruleus were the norepinephrine contents depleted equally by either injection route. These findings suggest that central catecholaminergic neurones other than those originating in the locus coeruleus or descending in the spinal cord are important in the initiation, but not in the long term maintenance, of DOCA-salt hypertension. The influence of the central catecholamine neurons involved in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension might be mediated neurally via nonadrenergic pathways or hormonally via the brain-pituitary-endocrine system.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF01250565}, Key = {fds277402} } @article{fds277400, Author = {Lamprecht, F and Richardson, JS and Williams, RB and Kopin, IJ}, Title = {The contribution of central noradrenenergic neurons in the development of DOCA salt hypertension in rats}, Journal = {Naunyn Schmiedeberg'S Archives of Pharmacology}, Volume = {297}, Number = {Sup. 2}, Pages = {No.-201}, Year = {1977}, Month = {December}, Key = {fds277400} } @article{fds277404, Author = {Williams, RBRS}, Title = {Behavior modification in the treatment of hypertension}, Journal = {Practical Cardiology}, Volume = {4}, Number = {8}, Pages = {119-124}, Year = {1978}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {There is evidence that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the development of hypertension, and this has led to the experimental use of behavioral techniques in an attempt to control blood pressure. While still experimental, and somewhat controversial, this approach has provoked widespread interest. In this article, the authors explain the direct and indirect methods of behavioral techniques and discuss what has been accomplished with this approach.}, Key = {fds277404} } @article{fds277405, Author = {Hawkins, D and Wyrick, L and Mohl, P and Williams, R}, Title = {Brief psychotherapy with medical students}, Journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Education}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {62-67}, Year = {1978}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03399693}, Abstract = {This study analyzed relationships between psychopathology presented by volunteer medical students and success in brief psychotherapy. Success in psychotherapy was related to inward-directed pathology (neuroses), regardless of severity. The findings suggest that when brief psychotherapy is offered to medical students, they will avail themselves of the opportunity and those with inward-directed pathology can achieve significant clinical benefit in a short time. Those with outward-directed pathology (character disorders) may need to be prepared for entering long-term psychotherapy.}, Doi = {10.1007/bf03399693}, Key = {fds277405} } @article{fds277403, Author = {Frederiksen, DW and Hoffnung, JM and Frederiksen, RT and Williams, RB}, Title = {The structural proteins of normal and diseased human myocardium.}, Journal = {Circulation Research}, Volume = {42}, Number = {4}, Pages = {459-466}, Year = {1978}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.42.4.459}, Abstract = {Microanalytical techniques have been developed for the quantitative determination of actomyosin and collagen from 20 to 30-mg (wet mass) samples of myocardium. Actomyosin is the major contractile protein complex and is, therefore, an index of functional muscle; collagen is the major protein of connective and scar tissue and is, therefore, an index of fibrosis. These proteins were determined in six myocardial samples from each of four normal, four ischemic, and three hypertrophied human hearts. As determined by electrophoresis in a denaturing medium, the concentration of actomyosin in normal myocardium is 69 μg/mg wet tissue; the concentration in ischemic myocardium is not significantly different from normal, but is approximately 45% higher than normal in hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy These observations indicate that hypertrophy is not simply an increase in total heart mass but, rather, involves an increase in actomyosin concentration in myocardial tissue as well. Collagen is determined from amino acid analysis of whole tissue for 4-hydroxyproline, an amino acid characteristic of this protein; the concentration of collagen in normal (6.1 μg/mg wet tissue) myocardium are not significantly different from those in hypertrophied myocardium. In focal regions of ischemic hearts, however, collagen in increased 2-to 4-fold. The concentration of collagen in myocardial tissue correlates well (r=0.947) with the degree of fibrosis determined by conventional histoligcal techniques. This work represents (1) a more direct biochemical determination of contractile protein concentration in whole myocardium and (2) a more direct correlation of the biochemical assay for collagen with histological data than have been reported previously.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.res.42.4.459}, Key = {fds277403} } @article{fds277406, Author = {Williams, RB and Richardson, JS and Eichelman, BS}, Title = {Location of CNS neurons mediating the blood pressure fall after shock-induced fighting in the rat.}, Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {1}, Number = {2}, Pages = {177-185}, Year = {1978}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00846638}, Abstract = {Previous research has demonstrated a fall in systolic blood pressure in the rat measured 2--5 min following shock-induced fighting. This blood pressure fall appears to depend on intact CNS catecholamine neurons. The locus coeruleus is known to supply noradrenergic neuron terminals to much of the brain. In this study, we attempted to identify the location of the CNS catecholamine neurons mediating the blood pressure response to fighting by studying the blood pressure response to shock-induced fighting in locus coeruleus-lesioned and shamlesioned rats. The locus coeruleus-lesioned animals showed a blood pressure increase after fighting on the average across 2 days of testing, while sham-lesioned animals showed a blood pressure decrease after fighting. The difference between the blood pressure responses of the two groups was highly reliable. Since both histofluorescence and biochemical studies indicated that CNS norepinephrine levels were decreased in lesioned as compared to control animals, the findings are interpreted as showing that noradrenergic neurons originating in the locus coeruleus play an important role in mediating aspects of the relationship between fighting behavior and blood pressure response.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF00846638}, Key = {fds277406} } @article{fds277332, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Williams, RB and Kong, Y and Schanberg, SM and Thompson, LW}, Title = {Type A behavior pattern and coronary atherosclerosis.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {58}, Number = {4}, Pages = {634-639}, Year = {1978}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0009-7322}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/688573}, Abstract = {Previous research has demonstrated an increased rate of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) events among people who exhibit a "coronary prone" (Type A) behavior pattern. This study was undertaken to determine whether the association between behavior pattern Type A and CHD might be extended beyond clinical CHD events to include also the coronary atherosclerotic process. In addition to usual clinical evaluation, 156 consecutive patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography were independently assessed on the basis of a structured interview and assigned a rating of Type A, Type B, or Type X (indeterminate). Traditional physiologic factors--age, sex, cholesterol and cigarette smoking--were found to correlate with atherosclerotic disease. Type A patients were found in increasing proportions among groups of patients with coronary occlusions of moderate to severe degree compared with patients with only mild occlusions. This increasing proportion of Type A patients with increasing disease severity remained significant, even when age, sex, blood pressure, serum cholesterol level and cigarette smoking history were all simultaneously covaried. These findings suggest that, independently of traditional risk factors, behavior pattern Type A may contribute to the risk of clinical CHD events via effects on the atherosclerotic process.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.cir.58.4.634}, Key = {fds277332} } @article{fds277333, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Thompson, LW and Williams, RB and Kong, Y}, Title = {Anxiety-proneness and coronary heart disease.}, Journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {17-21}, Year = {1979}, ISSN = {0022-3999}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/480276}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-3999(79)90066-7}, Key = {fds277333} } @article{fds277407, Author = {Williams, RB and Eichelman, BS and Ng, LK}, Title = {The effects of peripheral chemosympathectomy and adrenalectomy upon blood pressure responses of the rat to footshock under varying conditions: evidence for behavioral effects on patterning of sympathetic nervous system responses.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {16}, Number = {2}, Pages = {89-93}, Year = {1979}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01450.x}, Abstract = {A significant decrease in blood pressure is observed after shock-induced fighting in intact rats. In rats treated with intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine, a drug that selectively destroys peripheral sympathetic nerve endings when given by this route, this blood pressure response is reversed to a significant increase. In contrast, adrenalectomy converts a slight increase in blood pressure after intact rats are shocked alone in the cage into a significant decrease. These alterations in blood pressure response suggest that the sympathetic response to a stressful stimulus is not an all or none response, but, rather, consists of a patterned activation depending upon the behavioral response available. The current physiological findings are consistent with neuroendocrine research in which coping behavior is found associated with a predominant norepinephrine release by the sympathetic nervous system, and stress without available coping responses is associated with release also of epinephrine.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01450.x}, Key = {fds277407} } @article{fds319722, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and McKee, DC and Haney, T and Williams, RB}, Title = {Task Incentives, Type A Behavior Pattern, and Verbal Problem Solving Performance}, Journal = {Journal of Applied Social Psychology}, Volume = {10}, Number = {2}, Pages = {101-114}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1980}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00696.x}, Abstract = {A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between task incentives and the Type A behavior pattern in determining performance during a task of verbal problem solving. The results indicated that Type A subjects responded more quickly and more frequently than their Type B counterparts. In addition, evidence suggested that a situational characteristic–whether instructions offered a monetary reward or served as an evaluative stressor–affected subjects differently depending on their behavior pattern classification. These findings suggest that Pattern A behavior occurs as a response to challenges signifying the potential for reward as well as a threat of failure. Implications for future research emphasize the need to investigate the characteristics of the situation and the task, as well as the individual. Copyright © 1980, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1559-1816.1980.tb00696.x}, Key = {fds319722} } @article{fds277187, Author = {Poon, LW and Peterson, E and Williams, RB and Thompson, LW and Burdette, LJ}, Title = {Relationship between cortical alpha and skeletal muscle blood flow in a feedback task.}, Journal = {Physiology & Behavior}, Volume = {24}, Number = {3}, Pages = {617-619}, Year = {1980}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0031-9384}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(80)90260-7}, Abstract = {During operant control of forearm blood flow (FBF) cortical alpha was recorded. A significant inverse relationship was found between FBF and alpha activity. Decreased FBF was associated with increased alpha. One possible reason that several investigators found spurious relationships between alpha and 2 other cardiovascular parameters, heart rate and blood pressure, is that the range of response for HR and BF is relatively restricted compared to that of alpha. © 1980.}, Doi = {10.1016/0031-9384(80)90260-7}, Key = {fds277187} } @article{fds277334, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Williams, RS and Williams, RB and Wallace, AG}, Title = {Effects of exercise on the Type A (coronary prone) behavior pattern.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {42}, Number = {2}, Pages = {289-296}, Year = {1980}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192871}, Abstract = {This study presents the initial findings of an attempt to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a group of health, middle-aged adults by participation in a ten-week, supervised exercise program. Forty-six subjects were classified as Type A or Type B based on their scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Measures of physiologic (blood pressure, serum lipids, body weight, plasminogen activator release, and treadmill performance) and psychologic (scores on the JAS) variables were obtained before and after the exercise program. Subjects were able to successfully reduce the physiologic cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, Type A subjects lowered their scores on the JAS Type A scale after training, while the scores of the Type B subjected remained unchanged. It is concluded that a supervised program of regular exercise can successfully modify the physiological and psychological variables associated with increased risk for CHD in a nonclinical sample of healthy adults.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198003000-00006}, Key = {fds277334} } @article{fds277417, Author = {Williams, RB and Haney, TL and Lee, KL and Kong, YH and Blumenthal, JA and Whalen, RE}, Title = {Type A behavior, hostility, and coronary atherosclerosis.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {42}, Number = {6}, Pages = {539-549}, Year = {1980}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7465739}, Abstract = {Type A behavior pattern was assessed using the structured interview and hostility level was assessed using a subscale of the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory in 424 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary arteriography for suspected coronary heart disease. In contrast to non-Type A patients, a significantly greater proportion of Type A patients had at least one artery with a clinically significant occlusion of 75% or greater. In addition, only 48% of those patients with very low scores (less than or equal to 10) on the Hostility scale exhibited a significant occlusion; in contrast, patients in all groups scoring higher than 10 on the Hostility scale showed a 70% rate of significant disease. The essential difference between low and high scorers on the Hostility scale appears to consist of an unwillingness on the part of the low scorers to endorse items reflective of the attitude that others are bad, selfish, and exploitive. Multivariate analysis showed that both Type A behavior pattern and Hostility score are independently related to presence of atherosclerosis. In this analysis, however, Hostility score emerged as more related to presence of atherosclerosis than Type A behavior pattern. These findings confirm previous observations of increased coronary atherosclerosis among Type A patients. They suggest further that an attitudinal set reflective of hostility toward people in general is over and above that accounted for by Type A behavior pattern. These findings also suggest that interventions to reduce the contribution of behavioral patterns to coronary disease risk might profitably focus especially closely on reduction of anger and hostility.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198011000-00002}, Key = {fds277417} } @article{fds277290, Author = {Keefe, FJ and Schapira, B and Williams, RB}, Title = {EMG-assisted relaxation training in the management of chronic low back pain}, Journal = {American Journal of Clinical Biofeedback}, Volume = {4}, Number = {2}, Pages = {93-103}, Year = {1981}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {This study examines the short and long-term effects of EMG-assisted relaxation training in a series of 18 chronic low back pain patients. All patients had a minimum of six laboratory training sessions and were asked to practice on their own what they were learning in the laboratory. The results indicated that patients showed significant decreases in EMG activity within and across sessions as a function of training. Significant decreases in subjective ratings of tension were obtained within and across training sessions and there was a significant drop in daily ratings of tension taken outside of the lab environment over the course of treatment. The patients also showed a significant decrease in levels of pain within each training session. While there was a tendency for daily pain ratings to decrease over the course of treatment, this did not reach statistical significance. However, by the end of the first six laboratory sessions, 15 out of 18 patients reported experiencing regular decreases in pain while practicing their relaxation skills outside of the lab. At one year follow-up, 9 out of 13 patients responding had maintained initial therapeutic gains.}, Key = {fds277290} } @article{fds277335, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and McKee, DC and Williams, RB and Haney, T}, Title = {Assessment of conceptual tempo in the type A (coronary prone) behavior pattern.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality Assessment}, Volume = {45}, Number = {1}, Pages = {44-51}, Year = {1981}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0022-3891}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7218130}, Abstract = {Previous research has documented an association between a particular behavioral complex termed Type A, and increased incidence of coronary heart disease. In an effort to define further some of the behavioral characteristics that distinguish Type A subjects from their noncoronary-prone (Type B) counterparts, subjects were administered a test of conceptual impulsivity-reflection. While there were clear sex differences in performance, the results of the present study offered only qualified support for the notion that Type A individuals are more impulsive than Type B individuals. One component of Type A, Speed and Impatience, was shown to be related to increased impulsivity in women, but not in men. The findings suggest the importance of considering the interaction of gender with behavioral subcomponents of the Type A behavior pattern.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327752jpa4501_10}, Key = {fds277335} } @article{fds277188, Author = {Williams, RB and Tremer, HM and Sobin, SS}, Title = {Redistribution of canine left ventricular myocardial blood flow in unloaded systole.}, Journal = {Circulation Research}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {203-211}, Year = {1981}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.49.1.203}, Abstract = {The left coronary arteries of dogs were cannulated and perfused with blood from support dogs. The experimental hearts were unloaded by severing the aortas to maximize strains and minimize fiber stress. In each heart we compared the transmural distribution of blood flow in two states: (1) provision of perfusion pressure (40 mm Hg) only during systole and then (2) provision of perfusion pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. The distribution of flow in each of these perfusion states was labeled with a diffusible radioisotope (42K or 86Rb, one labeling the first state; the other labeling the second). Quantitative, paired autoradiography was used to visualize the two flow distributions. The differences between the two distributions after standardization was plotted as differences between activity vs. depth in the myocardium (r = 0.91). This was fitted with a line by least squares, the slope of which was significantly different from zero at the 0.005 level. The magnitude of the gradient of the systolic flow was represented by the ratio of deep to shallow flow. The mean of these ratios was 0.54 +/- 0.12 (95% confidence interval). A graphical analysis shows that the data are consistent with a gradient of extravascular compression across the left ventricular wall.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.res.49.1.203}, Key = {fds277188} } @article{fds277180, Author = {Keefe, FJ and Block, AR and Williams, RB and Surwit, RS}, Title = {Behavioral treatment of chronic low back pain: clinical outcome and individual differences in pain relief.}, Journal = {Pain}, Volume = {11}, Number = {2}, Pages = {221-231}, Year = {1981}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0304-3959}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6459557}, Abstract = {The response of 111 chronic low back pain patients to a comprehensive behavioral treatment program emphasizing relaxation procedures is examined. Over the course of treatment, significant reductions were obtained on measures of subjective tension, EMG activity, and pain. Many patients also decreased their intake of analgesic/narcotic agents and reported an increase in activity level. In order to examine individual differences in pain relief, the 28 patients who had the greatest decreases in pain were compared to those who had the least decreases in pain. Patients who had the best outcome in terms of pain relief were significantly more likely to show improvements in other outcome measures. In addition, these patients rated their pain initially as more severe, had continuous pain for fewer years, and were less likely to be on disability or to have had multiple surgical procedures. These results are discussed in the light of recent data from other behavioral treatment studies with chronic low back pain patients and implications for behavioral assessment and treatment are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/0304-3959(81)90007-5}, Key = {fds277180} } @article{fds277178, Author = {Mohl, PC and Wyrick, LC and Cleveland, W and Hawkins, D and Burdette, L and Williams, RB}, Title = {Cardiovascular correlates of the psychotherapeutic process.}, Journal = {Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics}, Volume = {37}, Number = {2}, Pages = {65-74}, Year = {1982}, ISSN = {0033-3190}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PC42900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {12 medical student volunteers were studied during 10 weekly sessions of brief dynamic psychotherapy using on-line physiological monitoring and concurrent psychotherapy process ratings. Forearm vascular resistance change from baseline for each visit was found to be related to psychotherapeutic outcome, and to some of the process variables, but to be most strongly correlated with clusters of process variables. This suggests that there may yet be a role for physiological monitoring in psychotherapy research.}, Doi = {10.1159/000287555}, Key = {fds277178} } @article{fds277278, Author = {Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Kuhn, CM and Melosh, W and White, AD and Schanberg, SM}, Title = {Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks.}, Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, Volume = {218}, Number = {4571}, Pages = {483-485}, Year = {1982}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123248}, Abstract = {Qualitatively distinct patterns of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses were observed in male college students during mental work and during sensory intake task performance. During mental work, Type A (coronary-prone) subjects showed greater muscle vasodilatation and more enhanced secretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol than Type B subjects. During sensory intake, Type A hyperresponsivity was found for testosterone and, among those subjects with a positive family history of hypertension, for cortisol. As a demonstration of combined cardiovascular, sympathetic nervous system, and neuroendocrine hyperresponsivity to specific cognitive tasks in Type A subjects, this study breaks ground in the search for mechanisms mediating the increased coronary disease risk among Type A persons.}, Doi = {10.1126/science.7123248}, Key = {fds277278} } @article{fds277181, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Williams, RS and Wallace, AG and Williams, RB and Needles, TL}, Title = {Physiological and psychological variables predict compliance to prescribed exercise therapy in patients recovering from myocardial infarction.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {44}, Number = {6}, Pages = {519-527}, Year = {1982}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7163455}, Abstract = {Previous research has documented high rates of noncompliance to prescribed medical therapy in patients recovering from myocardial infarction (MI). This study was undertaken to determine if patients who subsequently drop out of a structured cardiac rehabilitation program could be prospectively distinguished from those who remain in the program based upon their initial baseline characteristics. Thirty-five consecutive patients with recent MIs underwent comprehensive physical and psychological assessments at entry into the program, and were followed for a period of 1 year. The 14 patients who dropped out of the program could be distinguished from the compliers on the basis of their reduced left ejection fraction assessed by first pass radionuclide angiography at rest and during peak exercise. In addition, their psychological profiles assessed by the MMPI indicated the dropouts were more depressed, hypochondriacal, anxious, and introverted and had lower ego strength than those who remained in the program. Statistical analysis further indicated that psychological variables were associated with noncompliance independently of physical status. These findings suggest that MI patients who are unlikely to adhere to this form of medical therapy may be prospectively identified based upon their initial physical and psychological characteristics.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198212000-00003}, Key = {fds277181} } @article{fds277336, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Lane, JD and Williams, RB and McKee, DC and Haney, T and White, A}, Title = {Effects of task incentive on cardiovascular response in type A and type B individuals.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {20}, Number = {1}, Pages = {63-70}, Year = {1983}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0048-5772}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828614}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb00903.x}, Key = {fds277336} } @article{fds277189, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Dahlstrom, WG and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility, CHD incidence, and total mortality: a 25-year follow-up study of 255 physicians.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {45}, Number = {1}, Pages = {59-63}, Year = {1983}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198303000-00008}, Abstract = {High levels of hostility as assessed by a MMPI scale (Ho) have been found associated with increased levels of arteriographically documented coronary atherosclerosis. In this study we examined the relationship between hostility and subsequent health status in a 25-year follow-up of 255 medical students who completed the MMPI while in medical school. High Ho scores were found to be predictive of both clinical coronary disease incidence and total mortality.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198303000-00008}, Key = {fds277189} } @article{fds277190, Author = {Matsushima, T and Doba, N and Williams, RB}, Title = {Studies on type A behaviour pattern and hostility in Japanese male subjects with special reference to CHD}, Journal = {Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {23}, Number = {4}, Pages = {321-328}, Year = {1983}, Month = {December}, Key = {fds277190} } @article{fds277266, Author = {Lane, JD and White, AD and Williams, RB}, Title = {Cardiovascular effects of mental arithmetic in Type A and Type B females.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {21}, Number = {1}, Pages = {39-46}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0048-5772}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701243}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02315.x}, Key = {fds277266} } @article{fds277192, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Help your heart: hostility and heart disease.}, Journal = {Nebraska Nurse}, Volume = {17}, Number = {1}, Pages = {8}, Year = {1984}, Month = {February}, Key = {fds277192} } @article{fds277179, Author = {Wielgosz, AT and Fletcher, RH and McCants, CB and McKinnis, RA and Haney, TL and Williams, RB}, Title = {Unimproved chest pain in patients with minimal or no coronary disease: a behavioral phenomenon.}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {108}, Number = {1}, Pages = {67-72}, Year = {1984}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0002-8703}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984SZ53700011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Patients with chest pain and minimal or no coronary disease have a good prognosis for survival, yet many continue to have pain. In our experience with 821 medically treated patients there were three cardiac deaths (0.3%) and two nonfatal myocardial infarctions (0.2%) in the first year after angiography, which had revealed insignificant (less than 75% narrowing of the luminal diameter) or no coronary artery stenosis. In a subset of 548 patients selected with no apparent systematic difference from the inception cohort of 821 patients, there was complete absence of chest pain in 178 (33%) patients but 155 (28%) had similar or worse pain. From an analysis of clinical history and catheterization data entered in a stepwise logistic regression function, unimproved chest pain was significantly associated with female sex (p = 0.01) and an index of five chest pain descriptors (p = 0.0005). After adding selected behavioral variables available for a representative sample of 217 patients, a high hypochondriasis score (scale I from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) became the strongest determinant of continued pain (p less than 0.0001). In our experience, an exaggerated preoccupation with personal health is prospectively associated with continued chest pain in patients with minimal or no coronary disease.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-8703(84)90546-5}, Key = {fds277179} } @article{fds277184, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Herman, S and O'Toole, LC and Haney, TL and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Development of a brief self-report measure of the type A (coronary prone) behavior pattern.}, Journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, Volume = {29}, Number = {3}, Pages = {265-274}, Year = {1985}, ISSN = {0022-3999}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4032325}, Abstract = {This study reports the development of a brief self-report measure of the Type A behavior pattern based upon a set of adjectives derived from the Gough Adjective Checklist (ACL). Previous work from our laboratory established a set of adjectives identified by experts as being relevant to the Type A construct that subsequently was found to successfully distinguish Type A individuals from their Type B counterparts. In the present study, a Type A self-rating scale based on these adjectives was found to be significantly related to an established Type A self-report instrument, the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and to an independent behavioral rating based upon a standard structured interview (SI). However, no measure of Type A was related to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) as documented by coronary angiography. The advantages and disadvantages of the various Type A measures are discussed in the context of their ability to identify individuals at risk for the development of CAD.}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-3999(85)90053-4}, Key = {fds277184} } @article{fds277191, Author = {Dembroski, TM and MacDougall, JM and Williams, RB and Haney, TL and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Components of Type A, hostility, and anger-in: relationship to angiographic findings.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {47}, Number = {3}, Pages = {219-233}, Year = {1985}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001281}, Abstract = {Previous research has linked the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern to angiographically documented severity of coronary atherosclerosis (CAD). The present study sought through component scoring of the Type A Structured Interview (SI) to determine what elements of the multidimensional Type A pattern are related to coronary disease severity in a selected group of patients with minimal or severe CAD. Multivariate analyses controlling for the major risk factors showed no relationship between global Type A and extent of disease. Of all attributes measured, only Potential for Hostility and Anger-In were significantly and positively associated with the disease severity, including angina symptoms and number of myocardial infarctions. Further analysis revealed that Potential for Hostility and Anger-In were interactive in their association, such that Potential for Hostility was associated with disease endpoints only for patients who were high on the Anger-In dimension. These findings support previous research in suggesting that anger and hostility may be the critical aspects of the Type A pattern in predisposing individuals to risk of CAD.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198505000-00001}, Key = {fds277191} } @article{fds277243, Author = {McCubbin, JA and Surwit, RS and Williams, RB}, Title = {Endogenous opiate peptides, stress reactivity, and risk for hypertension.}, Journal = {Hypertension}, Volume = {7}, Number = {5}, Pages = {808-811}, Year = {1985}, ISSN = {0194-911X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4030048}, Abstract = {Endogenous opiate peptides can regulate neuroendocrine and circulatory responses to behavioral stress and may be important in the pathogenic effects of sympathoadrenal reactivity. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on blood pressure responses to behavioral stress in young adults with high, medium, or low casual blood pressures. Naloxone increased mean arterial pressure responses to stress in subjects with low casual pressure, but had no significant effect on responses in subjects with high casual pressure. These results suggest opioidergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous system responses may be deficient in persons at risk for essential hypertension.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.hyp.7.5.808}, Key = {fds277243} } @article{fds277337, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Lane, JD and Williams, RB}, Title = {The inhibited power motive, type A behavior, and patterns of cardiovascular response during the structured interview and Thematic Apperception Test.}, Journal = {Journal of Human Stress}, Volume = {11}, Number = {2}, Pages = {82-92}, Year = {1985}, ISSN = {0097-840X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3843112}, Abstract = {The Type A behavior pattern and the inhibited power motive have been implicated in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Since it is widely believed that enhanced cardiovascular responsivity may be one mechanism by which individuals develop CHD, the present study examined the relationship of Type A behavior and the inhibited power motive to different patterns of cardiovascular response during two behavioral tasks. Forty-one (24 Type A's, 17 Type B's) male undergraduates underwent the Type A structured interview (SI) and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) while a broad range of cardiovascular functions were simultaneously recorded. Different patterns of cardiovascular response were observed during the SI and TAT, and Type A's showed a greater tendency than Type B's to exhibit increased heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and forearm blood flow (FBF) during the SI and the preparatory phase (but not the story-telling phase) of the TAT. The inhibited power motive was not related to enhanced cardiovascular responsivity during the SI or TAT. The implications of these findings for the development of CHD are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1080/0097840X.1985.9936743}, Key = {fds277337} } @article{fds277194, Author = {Costa, PT and Zonderman, AB and McCrae, RR and Williams, RB}, Title = {Content and Comprehensiveness in the MMPI. An Item Factor Analysis in a Normal Adult Sample}, Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, Volume = {48}, Number = {4}, Pages = {925-933}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1985}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0022-3514}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.925}, Abstract = {The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has become the most widely used instrument for personality measurement, although it was designed primarily to aid in the diagnosis of psychopathology. Several hundred research scales have been derived from the MMPI, despite the fact that until recently the size of the item pool precluded an adequate empirical analysis of its item content. To define its psychological content dimensions and evaluate the comprehensiveness of its items, we performed a principal components analysis of the 550 MMPI items on a sample of 1,576 male and female patients referred for coronary angiography. After an attempt to replicate Johnson, Butcher, Null, and Johnson's (1984)21-factor solution failed, nine orthogonally rotated components were interpreted. Agreement was found between a number of studies on several factors, including neuroticism, somatic complaints, cynicism, and religious orthodoxy. However, only one of the five personality dimensions identified by Norman (1963)was adequately represented. The nine factor scales identified in this analysis may be useful as an alternative way of scoring the test, especially for longitudinal studies with archival MMPI data sets. In the future, it would be advisable to supplement the MMPI with instruments that measure a broader range of normal personality characteristics. © 1985 American Psychological Association.}, Doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.925}, Key = {fds277194} } @article{fds277268, Author = {Lane, JD and Williams, RB}, Title = {Caffeine affects cardiovascular responses to stress.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {22}, Number = {6}, Pages = {648-655}, Year = {1985}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0048-5772}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4089091}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01662.x}, Key = {fds277268} } @article{fds277193, Author = {Jr, RBW and Benson, H and Follick, MJ}, Title = {Disease as a reflection of the psyche.}, Journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine}, Volume = {313}, Number = {21}, Pages = {1356-1359}, Year = {1985}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0028-4793}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198511213132117}, Doi = {10.1056/NEJM198511213132117}, Key = {fds277193} } @article{fds277182, Author = {Williams, RB and Haney, TL and McKinnis, RA and Harrell, FE and Lee, KL and Pryor, DB and Califf, R and Kong, YH and Rosati, RA and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Psychosocial and physical predictors of anginal pain relief with medical management.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {48}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {200-210}, Year = {1986}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2871582}, Abstract = {This study was undertaken to identify psychosocial and physical characteristics that independently predict anginal pain relief. The original study group comprised over 570 patients in whom the characteristics were identified at the time of coronary arteriography and who were followed up after 6 months of standard medical therapy. In the subset of 382 of these patients who were assessed as having NYHA Class III or IV angina at the time of angiography, a multivariable analysis of 101 baseline descriptors showed that higher scores on the MMPI hypochondriasis scale, unemployment, and more severe right coronary occlusion were significant independent predictors of failure to achieve two-class improvement at follow-up. These three characteristics also predicted continuing severe angina in a subsequent, independent sample of 91 new patients. These findings could help physicians select appropriate treatment by prospectively identifying patients who are unlikely to respond to standard medical treatment of angina.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198603000-00005}, Key = {fds277182} } @article{fds277195, Author = {Costa, PT and Zonderman, AB and McCrae, RR and Williams, RB}, Title = {Cynicism and paranoid alienation in the Cook and Medley HO Scale.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {48}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {283-285}, Year = {1986}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198603000-00014}, Abstract = {Factor analysis of responses from 1002 men and women were used to define two subscales of the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale. Both the Cynicism and the Paranoid Alienation subscale described attitudes of mistrust and alienation, and both were correlated with MMPI factors measuring aspects of psychopathology. It was suggested that measures of the broader domain of Agreeableness-Antagonism be examined as possible predictors of CHD.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198603000-00014}, Key = {fds277195} } @article{fds277267, Author = {Anderson, NB and Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Haney, T and Simpson, S and Houseworth, SJ}, Title = {Type A behavior, family history of hypertension, and cardiovascular responsivity among black women.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {5}, Number = {4}, Pages = {393-406}, Year = {1986}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3757989}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Type A behavior and family history of hypertension on cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress in a group of employed black women. Measures of heart rate and of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were taken at rest, during a mental arithmetic task, and during the Type A Structured Interview (SI). Results indicated that the Type A behavior pattern was associated with SBP and DBP hyperresponsivity during the SI but not during mental arithmetic. Additionally, certain speech components of the Type A pattern, as well as features of the potential-for-hostility component, were also related to cardiovascular responses during the SI. Family history of hypertension did not influence the cardiovascular parameters either alone or in combination with Type A behavior. The results suggest that many of the cardiovascular response characteristics of the Type A pattern that have been observed in predominantly white samples also hold true for blacks. Replication of these findings with other subgroups of blacks, such as young females and middle-aged males, will help document the generality of these findings within the black population.}, Doi = {10.1037//0278-6133.5.4.393}, Key = {fds277267} } @article{fds277183, Author = {Herman, S and Blumenthal, JA and Haney, T and Williams, RB and Barefoot, J}, Title = {Type As who think they are type Bs: discrepancies between self-ratings and interview ratings of the type A (coronary-prone) behaviour pattern.}, Journal = {The British Journal of Medical Psychology}, Volume = {59 ( Pt 1)}, Pages = {83-88}, Year = {1986}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0007-1129}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964590}, Abstract = {The study described here explored discrepancies between self-ratings and interview ratings of Type A behaviour. A total of 281 patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment including the Type A structured interview (SI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and two self-report measures of Type A behaviour, the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and the Type A Self-Rating Inventory (TASRI). Two subgroups of patients were identified--Type A subjects whose Type A self-ratings were consistent with the SI classification, and subjects who obtained low self-rating scores and yet were classified as Type A by the SI. A comparison of the MMPI profiles showed that the discordant Type As scored lower on MMPI scales 9 (Ma) and 4 (Pd), and higher on scales 0 (Si), 2 (D) and F. The personality attributes associated with this MMPI pattern are more consistent with individual self-reports of Type A behaviour than observer ratings during the SI.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02669.x}, Key = {fds277183} } @article{fds277185, Author = {Hlatky, MA and Haney, T and Barefoot, JC and Califf, RM and Mark, DB and Pryor, DB and Williams, RB}, Title = {Medical, psychological and social correlates of work disability among men with coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {58}, Number = {10}, Pages = {911-915}, Year = {1986}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3776848}, Abstract = {This study identifies the medical, psychologic and social factors that independently affect employment in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). At coronary angiography, extensive clinical, psychological and social profiles were collected on 814 men younger than 60 years with documented CAD. Clinical factors studied included measures of symptom severity, prior myocardial infarction, coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. Psychosocial factors studied included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales, a type A structured interview, Jenkins Activity Survey and measures of education and social support. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relative strength of the relation between these different factors and the patients' employment status. Many single factors differed between the 204 men (25%) who were disabled and the 610 (75%) who were not. Disabled men were less educated but no different in age, marital status or number of dependents. Disabled men had lower ejection fractions and higher indexes of angina, previous myocardial infarction and coexisting vascular disease. Disabled men also were more depressed and anxious and had lower ego strength and higher hypochondriasis scores on the MMPI, but were no different in type A behavior. By multivariable analysis, the most significant (p less than 0.01) independent predictors of work disability were, in decreasing order of importance, low education level, history of myocardial infarction, high levels of depression and high levels of hypochondriasis. It is concluded that psychological and social factors are strongly related to work status in patients with CAD, and may be more important than medical factors.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-9149(86)80009-1}, Key = {fds277185} } @article{fds277256, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Siegler, IC and Nowlin, JB and Peterson, BL and Haney, TL and Williams, RB}, Title = {Suspiciousness, health, and mortality: a follow-up study of 500 older adults.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {49}, Number = {5}, Pages = {450-457}, Year = {1987}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3671634}, Abstract = {Scores on Factor L of the 16 PF, a measure of suspiciousness that is closely related to the Cook and Medley hostility scale, predicted survival in a sample of 500 older men and women during a follow-up of approximately 15 years. Those individuals with scores indicating higher levels of suspiciousness had greater mortality risk. This association remained significant after controlling for age, sex, physician's ratings of functional health, smoking, cholesterol, and alcohol intake. In addition, Factor L was associated with physician's ratings of health at the initiation of follow-up. These findings add to the weight of evidence that implicates a set of negative interpersonal attitudes in the domain of hostility, anger, cynicism, and mistrust as a prospective marker of individuals at risk for adverse health outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198709000-00002}, Key = {fds277256} } @article{fds277270, Author = {Anderson, NB and Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Houseworth, S and Muranaka, M}, Title = {Parental history of hypertension and cardiovascular responses to behavioral stress in young black women.}, Journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, Volume = {31}, Number = {6}, Pages = {723-729}, Year = {1987}, ISSN = {0022-3999}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2828606}, Abstract = {Beta-adrenergic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperresponsivity to behavioral stress may play a role in the onset of sustained high blood pressure--particularly in persons with a parental history of hypertension. Although hypertension is extremely prevalent among blacks, the association between parental history of hypertension and cardiovascular hyperresponsivity has not been explored in this group. The present study examined the influence of parental history of hypertension on cardiovascular stress reactivity in a group of young black females. Contrary to previous findings with whites, black subjects with a parental history of hypertension exhibited significantly smaller systolic blood pressure and forearm blood flow increases, and moderately smaller diastolic blood pressure increases to the task. Parental history subjects also exhibited slower heart rates throughout each experimental condition. The results suggest that blacks at risk from hypertension may not exhibit the beta-adrenergic hyperresponsivity to behavioral stress observed in whites. These results may suggest that beta-adrenergically mediated hyperresponsivity may be less involved in the development of hypertension among blacks.}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-3999(87)90021-3}, Key = {fds277270} } @article{fds277338, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Burg, MM and Barefoot, J and Williams, RB and Haney, T and Zimet, G}, Title = {Social support, type A behavior, and coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {49}, Number = {4}, Pages = {331-340}, Year = {1987}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3615762}, Abstract = {The interaction of Type A behavior and social support in relation to the degree of coronary artery disease (CAD) severity was investigated. One hundred thirteen patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography received the Type A structured interview (SI) and completed a battery of psychometric tests, including the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Statistical analyses revealed a Type by social support interaction, such that the probability of significant CAD was inversely related to the level of social support for Type As but not Type Bs. Type As with low levels of social support had more severe CAD than Type As with high levels of social support. On the other hand, this relationship was not present for Type Bs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that social support moderates the long-term health consequences of the Type A behavior pattern.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198707000-00002}, Key = {fds277338} } @article{fds277161, Author = {Costa, PT and Stone, SV and McCrae, RR and Dembroski, TM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility, agreeableness-antagonism, and coronary heart disease}, Journal = {Journal of Interprofessional Care}, Volume = {2}, Number = {3}, Pages = {161-167}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0884-3988}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13561828709043576}, Abstract = {Although the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) is widely considered to be an important risk factor for CHD, several recent studies have failed to find associations between TABP and CHD. As a result, investigators using the Structured Interview have begun to examine more specific aspects of TAPB, and Potential for Hostility has emerged as the probable 'toxic component' of the pattern. Other measures of cold-blooded or antagonistic hostility have also been associated with CHD, and this form of hostility can be understood as part of the broader personality domain of Agreeableness vs. Antagonism. We suggest that agreeableness-antagonism itself as well as related traits such as mistrust, manipulativeness, arrogance, and aggression should also be examined as promising predictors of CHD © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.}, Doi = {10.3109/13561828709043576}, Key = {fds277161} } @article{fds277269, Author = {Lane, JD and Williams, RB}, Title = {Cardiovascular effects of caffeine and stress in regular coffee drinkers.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {24}, Number = {2}, Pages = {157-164}, Year = {1987}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0048-5772}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3602267}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00271.x}, Key = {fds277269} } @article{fds277196, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychological factors in coronary artery disease: epidemiologic evidence.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {76}, Number = {1 Pt 2}, Pages = {I117-I123}, Year = {1987}, Month = {July}, Abstract = {This article reviews the epidemiologic evidence linking psychological factors and various indexes of coronary heart disease (CHD) that has been gathered since the Amelia Island Conference in 1978. In general, studies of populations not selected according to CHD risk support the conclusion that the global type A construct is predictive of increased risk of coronary events. In high-risk groups, including patients undergoing coronary angiography, the evidence with respect to global type A is much less clear. This stems from the fact that most of these studies, although generally failing to find statistically significant relationships between coronary events and type A behavior, are flawed in a number of ways, including inadequate statistical power of results, use of less than adequate instruments, and failure to take an apparent interaction between type A behavior and age into account. Nevertheless, taken together, these findings suggest that it may be possible to identify measures of coronary-prone behavior that are more powerful than the global type A measure. Extensive evidence suggests that such measures may be found in the domain of hostility and anger. Measures of hostility and anger coping styles have been found to be associated with coronary atherosclerosis in populations in which global type A was not related to disease, and measures of hostility have predicted increased coronary events and total mortality in prospective population samples followed for from 20 to 25 years. Preliminary evidence suggests that hostility/anger characteristics may account for the increased coronary risk associated with global type A behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, Key = {fds277196} } @article{fds340712, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Barefoot, J and Burg, MM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychological correlates of hostility among patients undergoing coronary angiography.}, Journal = {The British Journal of Medical Psychology}, Volume = {60 ( Pt 4)}, Pages = {349-355}, Year = {1987}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02754.x}, Abstract = {The Cook-Medley Hostility (Ho) scale (Cook & Medley, 1954) has been associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). There is relatively little information about the psychosocial correlates of the Ho scale in clinical or adult populations, however. In this study, 132 patients (mean age = 53 years) referred for diagnostic coronary angiography completed a battery of self-report questionnaires including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Hopkins Symptom Check List (SCL-90), State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), Type A Self-Rating Inventory (TASRI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Examination of the pattern of correlations among the Ho scale and the psychometric instruments revealed that the Ho scale may be viewed as tapping four general behavioural dimensions including anger and hostility, neuroticism, social maladjustment and ineffective coping style. These findings serve to further understanding about the psychological dimensions of hostility as measured by the Cook-Medley Ho scale.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02754.x}, Key = {fds340712} } @article{fds277197, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Refining the type A hypothesis: emergence of the hostility complex.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {60}, Number = {18}, Pages = {27J-32J}, Year = {1987}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3321966}, Abstract = {Recent negative research findings have raised questions regarding the robustness of the Type A hypothesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that not all aspects of the global Type A behavior pattern are pathogenic, but only those concerned with hostility and anger. Biologic mechanisms responsible for increased risk of coronary disease in persons with high levels of hostility and anger appear to involve increased cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to behavioral challenge, and, possibly, inadequate parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic nervous system effects. Future research should concentrate on further refining our understanding of the hostility complex and its pathophysiologic mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-9149(87)90680-1}, Key = {fds277197} } @article{fds277244, Author = {McCubbin, JA and Surwit, RS and Williams, RB}, Title = {Opioid dysfunction and risk for hypertension: naloxone and blood pressure responses during different types of stress.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {50}, Number = {1}, Pages = {8-14}, Year = {1988}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2830632}, Abstract = {Opioidergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous system responses may be deficient in persons at risk for essential hypertension (McCubbin et al: Hypertension 7:808, 1985). The opiate antagonist naloxone increases blood pressure responses during psychological stress in young adults with low causal blood pressure, but has no pressor effect in subjects with high casual blood pressure. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of altered baroreflex function in the abnormal pressor effect of naloxone in persons at risk for hypertension development. We tested this by comparison of the effects of naloxone on responses to psychological stress with responses to orthostatic stress in persons with high and low casual blood pressure. The results suggest that abnormal opioidergic control of systolic blood pressure responses to psychological stress is not likely a result of altered baroreflex function. Persons at risk for hypertension show evidence of an opioid peptide lesion that can probably be localized either at the adrenal medullae or at levels of central autonomic control that are parallel with or rostral to baroreflex circuits.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198801000-00002}, Key = {fds277244} } @article{fds277271, Author = {Anderson, NB and Lane, JD and Muranaka, M and Williams, RB and Houseworth, SJ}, Title = {Racial differences in blood pressure and forearm vascular responses to the cold face stimulus.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {50}, Number = {1}, Pages = {57-63}, Year = {1988}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3344303}, Abstract = {The mechanisms responsible for the higher incidence of essential hypertension in blacks than in whites are the object of much research attention. One hypothesis is that the development of hypertension in blacks is associated with exaggerated blood pressure reactivity, particularly those responses mediated by vasoconstriction. Racial differences in blood pressure responses to cold stimulation of the forehead, a known alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictive stimulus, were examined in health, college-age males. Compared to white subjects, black subjects exhibited significantly greater increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as increases in forearm vascular resistance, in response to cold stimulation. This preliminary evidence of increased peripheral vascular reactivity in blacks suggests that known racial differences in hypertension prevalence might derive in part from physiological differences in sympathetic nervous system reactivity.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198801000-00007}, Key = {fds277271} } @article{fds277280, Author = {Muranaka, M and Monou, H and Suzuki, J and Lane, JD and Anderson, NB and Kuhn, CM and Schanberg, SM and McCown, N and Williams, RB}, Title = {Physiological responses to catecholamine infusions in type A and type B men.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {7 Suppl}, Pages = {145-163}, Year = {1988}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2854049}, Abstract = {To determine whether there are basic biological differences between Type A and Type B men, we compared hemodynamic, electrophysiologic and neuroendocrine responses to equipotent doses of isoproterenol (ISO) and norepinephrine (NE) in 10 Type A and 10 Type B men ages 18 to 29. Results showed equal hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to graded ISO doses in Type A and Type B individuals. In contrast, Type A men showed a more prolonged decrease in electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude (TWA) than did Type B men. Post hoc analyses of the correlates of TWA recovery during high-dose ISO infusion provide preliminary evidence for a more robust parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic nervous system effects in Type B men, especially those with low scores on the Cook-Medley Ho scale. These findings suggest that, in addition to cognitively mediated increases in sympathetic nervous system reactivity, Type As may also be placed at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease by reduced levels of parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects.}, Key = {fds277280} } @article{fds277340, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Emery, CF and Walsh, MA and Cox, DR and Kuhn, CM and Williams, RB and Williams, RS}, Title = {Exercise training in healthy type A middle-aged men: effects on behavioral and cardiovascular responses.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {50}, Number = {4}, Pages = {418-433}, Year = {1988}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413273}, Abstract = {Thirty-six healthy Type A men (means = 44.4 years) were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise training group or a strength and flexibility training group. Subjects completed a comprehensive psychological assessment battery before and after the exercise programs consisting of behavioral, psychometric, and psychophysiological testing. The behavioral assessment consisted of repeated Type A interviews that were videotaped for subsequent component analyses. The psychometric testing included two self-report questionnaires to assess Type A behavior. The psychophysiological test consisted of a standard behavioral challenge, a mental arithmetic task, performed while cardiovascular responses were monitored. Aerobic exercise (AE) training consisted of 12 weeks of continuous walking or jogging at an intensity of at least 70% of subjects' initial maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as determined by an initial treadmill test. Strength and flexibility (SF) training consisted of 12 weeks of circuit Nautilus training with no aerobic exercise. After 12 weeks of exercise, the AE group increased their VO2max by 15%, while the SF group did not change. Both groups experienced decreases in overt behavioral manifestations of the Type A behavior pattern and self-reported Type A traits. However, the AE group showed an attenuation of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) during the task and had lower blood pressure, heart rate, and (MVO2) during recovery. In contrast, the SF group showed a significant reduction only in DBP during the task, which was likely due to habituation. These results support the use of aerobic exercise as a method for reducing cardiovascular risk among healthy Type A men.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198807000-00009}, Key = {fds277340} } @article{fds277341, Author = {Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Haney, TL and Harrell, FE and Blumenthal, JA and Pryor, DB and Peterson, B}, Title = {Type A behavior and angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis in a sample of 2,289 patients.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {50}, Number = {2}, Pages = {139-152}, Year = {1988}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375404}, Abstract = {To determine the relationship between Type A behavior pattern and angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis (CAD), we analyzed risk factor, behavioral, and angiographic data collected on 2,289 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1974 and 1980. Multivariable analyses using ordinal logistic regression techniques showed that Type A behavior as assessed by the structured interview (SI) is significantly associated with CAD severity after age, sex, hyperlipidemia, smoking, hypertension, and their various significant interactions were controlled for. This relationship, however, is dependent upon age. Among patients aged 45 or younger, Type A's had more severe CAD than did Type B's; among patients aged 46-54, CAD severity was similar between Type A's and B's; and among patients 55 and older, there was a trend toward more severe CAD among Type B's than among Type A's. These Type A-CAD relationships did not appear to be the result of various factors relating to the selection of patients for angiography. Type A behavior as assessed by the Jenkins Activity Survey was unrelated to CAD severity. These findings suggest that SI-determined Type A behavior is associated with more severe CAD among younger patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography. The reversal of the Type A-CAD relationship among older patients may be due to survival effects. Inadequate sample sizes, use of assessment tools other than the SI, and failure to consider the Type A by age interaction could account for failures to find a Type A-CAD relationship in other studies. We conclude that the present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Type A behavior is involved in the pathogenesis of CAD, but only in younger age groups. The Type A effect in the present data is small relative to that of both smoking and hyperlipidemia, however, and future research should focus more specifically on the hostility and anger components of Type A behavior, particularly in younger samples.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198803000-00004}, Key = {fds277341} } @article{fds277408, Author = {Muranaka, M and Suzuki, J and Williams, RB}, Title = {On the difference of autonomic balance in type A and B men}, Journal = {Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {28}, Number = {3}, Pages = {273-281}, Year = {1988}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds277408} } @article{fds277409, Author = {Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Coronary-prone behavior: The emerging role of the hostility complex}, Journal = {Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {28}, Number = {2}, Pages = {111-126}, Year = {1988}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds277409} } @article{fds277272, Author = {Muranaka, M and Lane, JD and Suarez, EC and Anderson, NB and Suzuki, J and Williams, RB}, Title = {Stimulus-specific patterns of cardiovascular reactivity in type A and B subjects: evidence for enhanced vagal reactivity in type B.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {25}, Number = {3}, Pages = {330-338}, Year = {1988}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0048-5772}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3406332}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb01251.x}, Key = {fds277272} } @article{fds277273, Author = {Anderson, NB and Lane, JD and Monou, H and Williams, RB and Houseworth, SJ}, Title = {Racial differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental arithmetic.}, Journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology}, Volume = {6}, Number = {2}, Pages = {161-164}, Year = {1988}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0167-8760}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3397318}, Abstract = {One hypothesized mechanism for the higher rates and greater severity of essential hypertension among blacks is that this group is particularly susceptible to stress-induced beta-adrenergically mediated cardiovascular hyperreactivity. In this study, we compared the cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic in 20 white and 17 black, young, normotensive males. Contrary to expectations, the black subjects exhibited significantly smaller changes in heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that cardiovascular reactivity to a mental stressor known to produce beta-adrenergically mediated responses may be lower in some normotensive blacks compared to their white counterparts.}, Doi = {10.1016/0167-8760(88)90047-5}, Key = {fds277273} } @article{fds277279, Author = {Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Kuhn, CM and Knopes, K and Schanberg, SM}, Title = {Effects of propranolol on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to mental arithmetic in type A men.}, Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, Volume = {1}, Number = {4}, Pages = {337-340}, Year = {1988}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0893-133X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3251510}, Abstract = {beta-Adrenergic hyperreactivity has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of increased coronary risk in Type A individuals. This study compared the effects of propranolol, diazepam, and placebo on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to a stressful cognitive task in six young Type A males. Although diazepam did not differ from placebo, propranolol attenuated heart rate and norepinephrine responses and enhanced cortisol responses to the task. Findings suggest that propranolol has reciprocal effects on the norepinephrine and cortisol components of the "fight-flight" response. Possible central nervous system mechanisms are described.}, Key = {fds277279} } @article{fds277247, Author = {Suarez, EC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Situational determinants of cardiovascular and emotional reactivity in high and low hostile men.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {51}, Number = {4}, Pages = {404-418}, Year = {1989}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772105}, Abstract = {Various epidemiologic studies have found that high scores on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), severity of atherosclerosis, and all-cause mortality. One plausible biological mechanism suspected of contributing to increased risk of CHD is sympathetic nervous system-mediated hyperresponsivity to environmental stressors. The present study evaluated cardiovascular reactivity among young men with high versus low Ho scores during performance of an anagram task with or without harassment. Compared to performing the task alone, harassment led to increased cardiovascular arousal that was more pronounced for the high Ho subjects than the low Ho subjects. Moreover, harassment produced increases in self-rated anger, irritation, and tension, but it was only among those subjects with high Ho scores that increased anger and irritation were associated with enhanced cardiovascular arousal. While suggesting a role for anger- and irritation-induced cardiovascular arousal in pathogenesis of CHD, these findings indicate that situation characteristics mediate the relationship between Ho scores and cardiovascular reactivity, and that there may be a differential biological link between anger/irritation and cardiovascular responses in men with high and low Ho scores.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198907000-00004}, Key = {fds277247} } @article{fds277275, Author = {Anderson, NB and Lane, JD and Taguchi, F and Williams, RB}, Title = {Patterns of cardiovascular responses to stress as a function of race and parental hypertension in men.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {8}, Number = {5}, Pages = {525-540}, Year = {1989}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2630292}, Abstract = {This study investigated cardiovascular responses to two stressors known to elicit either beta-adrenergic (mental arithmetic) or alpha-adrenergic (forehead cold pressor) reactivity in Black and White men. Participants in each group were selected for presence or absence of parental hypertension. Based on previous research, Blacks were expected to show smaller cardiovascular responses to the beta-adrenergic mental arithmetic task and greater responses to the alpha-adrenergic cold pressor relative to the Whites. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, forearm blood flow, and forearm vascular resistance were assessed during a resting baseline, a prestress period, and during and after each experimental procedure. Unlike previous findings, no significant racial differences in cardiovascular responses were found during either task. However, Black participants had significantly higher SBP and DBP levels throughout the cold pressor periods. Parental history did not significantly influence cardiovascular responses in either group. The results are discussed in relation to previous research on racial differences in stress reactivity and their implications for future research.}, Doi = {10.1037//0278-6133.8.5.525}, Key = {fds277275} } @article{fds277298, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Dodge, KA and Peterson, BL and Dahlstrom, WG and Williams, RB}, Title = {The Cook-Medley hostility scale: item content and ability to predict survival.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {51}, Number = {1}, Pages = {46-57}, Year = {1989}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928460}, Abstract = {Previous studies have identified the MMPI-based Cook and Medley hostility scale (Ho) as a predictor of health outcomes. To achieve a better understanding of the construct measured by this scale, Ho items were classified on an a priori basis. Six subsets were identified: Cynicism, Hostile Attributions, Hostile Affect, Aggressive Responding, Social Avoidance, and Other. Study 1 examined the correlations of these subsets with scales of the NEO Personality Inventory in two samples of undergraduates. Good convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated, but there was some evidence that items in the Social Avoidance and Other categories reflect constructs other than hostility. Study 2 examined the ability of the Ho scale and the item subsets to predict the 1985 survival of 118 lawyers who had completed the MMPI in 1956 and 1957. As in previous studies, those with high scores had poorer survival (chi 2 = 6.37, p = 0.012). Unlike previous studies, the relation between Ho scores and survival was linear. Cynicism, Hostile Affect, and Aggressive Responding subsets were related to survival, whereas the other subsets were not. The sum of the three predictive subsets, with a chi 2 of 9.45 (p = 0.002), was a better predictor than the full Ho scale, suggesting that it may be possible to refine the scale and achieve an even more effective measure of those aspects of hostility that are deleterious to health.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198901000-00005}, Key = {fds277298} } @article{fds277411, Author = {Krantz, DS and Schneiderman, N and Chesney, MA and McCann, BS and Reading, AE and Roskies, E and Stoney, CM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Biobehavioral research on cardiovascular disorders.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {8}, Number = {6}, Pages = {737-746}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds277411} } @article{fds277413, Author = {McCrae, RR and Costa, PT and Dahlstrom, WG and Barefoot, JC and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {A caution on the use of the MMPI K-correction in research on psychosomatic medicine.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {51}, Number = {1}, Pages = {58-65}, Year = {1989}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928461}, Abstract = {The MMPI K scale is widely used to screen for invalid responses and to adjust substantive scale scores for defensiveness. In a normal volunteer sample, correlations of MMPI clinical scales and the Cook-Medley Hostility (HO) scale with self-reports and peer ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) were decreased rather than increased by K-correction. Similarly, in a medical sample, structured interview-based ratings of Potential for Hostility were better predicted by uncorrected HO scores than by K-corrected HO scores. Finally, in a prospective study of mortality among lawyers, uncorrected HO scores were a significant predictor of all-cause mortality; K-corrected scores were not. The data suggest that, under some circumstances, the K scale may measure substantive traits rather than defensiveness, and should be used and interpreted with caution. Its use is probably contraindicated for most research on psychiatrically normal subjects.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198901000-00006}, Key = {fds277413} } @article{fds277274, Author = {Anderson, NB and Lane, JD and Taguchi, F and Williams, RB and Houseworth, SJ}, Title = {Race, parental history of hypertension, and patterns of cardiovascular reactivity in women.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {26}, Number = {1}, Pages = {39-47}, Year = {1989}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0048-5772}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922455}, Abstract = {This study examined the interaction of race and parental history of hypertension on patterns of cardiovascular responses among women. Two stressors were used that produce different patterns of cardiovascular reactivity: mental arithmetic, primarily a beta-adrenergic stimulus, and the cold face stimulus, which evokes alpha-adrenergic (i.e. vascular) activity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow, and forearm vascular resistance were assessed before, during, and after arithmetic and cold face stimulus. Both tasks produced the expected patterns of cardiovascular adjustment, although no Black-White differences occurred during arithmetic. However, Black subjects did show a slower recovery of diastolic blood pressure following arithmetic. The cold face stimulus produced significantly greater changes in systolic blood pressure in the Black than in the White women. Parental history of hypertension did not relate significantly to reactivity. The results provide limited support for the idea that Black females exhibit a greater pressor response than White females to a stimulus that produces primarily vascular rather than cardiac changes. These findings are discussed in relation to previous findings with males and with respect to their implications for the role of reactivity in Black-White differences in hypertension prevalence.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb03130.x}, Key = {fds277274} } @article{fds314866, Author = {Smith, RH and Dahlstrom, WG and Williams, RB}, Title = {Personality predictors of smoking behavior in a sample of physicians}, Journal = {Psychology & Health}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {37-43}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1989}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0887-0446}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870448908400364}, Abstract = {The smoking status of 239 physicians was obtained from a mail survey in 1981. MMPI data, which had been obtained from these men 25 years earlier, was used to prospectively predict smoking status at follow-up. Those who never smoked had scores indicative of social conventionality (low scores on L, Pd, and Schubert scales; high scores on Ego-control). A similar pattern was found among smokers who quit after a relatively short smoking history. Compared to ex-smokers, those who continued to smoke at the time of follow-up were characterized by high scores on the Pd and Ma scales. These results were discussed in terms of a multi-stage conceptualization of the smoking cessation process. © 1989, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1080/08870448908400364}, Key = {fds314866} } @article{fds277410, Author = {Taguchi, F and Suzuki, J and Muranaka, M and Anderson, NB and Williams, RB}, Title = {Beta and alpha adrenergic reactivity elicitable stress study with special reference of electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude.}, Journal = {The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine}, Volume = {157}, Number = {2}, Pages = {95-106}, Year = {1989}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.157.95}, Abstract = {Twenty-six healthy young Caucasian males were defined into high hostile (Hi-Ho) group and low hostile (Lo-Ho) group assessed by Cook-Madley's Hostility (Ho) scale. Mental arithmetic task (MA) and forehead cold stimulus task (FCS) were loaded to both Hi-Ho and Lo-Ho groups. Electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude (TWA), heart rate (HR) and coefficient of variance of 100 R-R intervals (CVR-R) were measured continuously during MA and FCS task periods. Greater TWA attenuation was found in Hi-Ho group (p less than 0.05). Although no significant intergroup difference was represented in HR and CVR-R, HR increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in whole subjects and CVR-R was tend to be suppressed during MA period. In addition, comparison of these physiological responses were performed between Type-A and Type-B groups classified by Jenkins' Activity Survey Form-T (JAS-T). There was no significant difference in reactivity of TWA, HR and CVR-R to both two tasks between high and low Type-A scored groups. Previous data suggested that the TWA reactivity in Hi-Ho subjects to cognitive stress showed similar pattern in Type-A individuals. However, autonomic nervous interaction could not be clarified in Hi-Ho subjects. The differentiation of method for assessment of behavioral pattern was also discussed.}, Doi = {10.1620/tjem.157.95}, Key = {fds277410} } @article{fds277342, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Peterson, BL and Harrell, FE and Hlatky, MA and Pryor, DB and Haney, TL and Blumenthal, JA and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Type A behavior and survival: a follow-up study of 1,467 patients with coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {64}, Number = {8}, Pages = {427-432}, Year = {1989}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2773785}, Abstract = {Patients with documented coronary artery disease, admitted to Duke Medical Center between 1974 and 1980, were assessed for type A behavior pattern and were followed until 1984. The relation of type A behavior to survival was tested using data from coronary angiography to control for disease severity. Cox model regression analyses demonstrated an interaction (p less than 0.01) between type A behavior and an index of disease severity in the prediction of cardiovascular death. Among those with relatively poor left ventricular function, type A patients had better survival than type B. This difference was not present among patients with better prognoses. Type A behavior did not predict the subsequent incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarctions. Differential risk modification and differential selection into postinfarction status are possible explanations for the findings. These results need not conflict with the proposition that type A behavior plays a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-9149(89)90416-5}, Key = {fds277342} } @article{fds277245, Author = {McCubbin, JA and Surwit, RS and Williams, RB and Nemeroff, CB and McNeilly, M}, Title = {Altered pituitary hormone response to naloxone in hypertension development.}, Journal = {Hypertension}, Volume = {14}, Number = {6}, Pages = {636-644}, Year = {1989}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0194-911X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2555303}, Abstract = {Endogenous opioid regulation of blood pressure is altered during stress in young adults at risk for hypertension. We studied the effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone on the secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin during psychological stress in young adults with mildly elevated casual arterial pressures. Naloxone-induced secretion of both corticotropin and beta-endorphin was significantly diminished in persons at enhanced risk for hypertension compared with the low blood pressure control group. Results suggest that opioidergic inhibition of anterior pituitary function is altered in hypertension development.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.hyp.14.6.636}, Key = {fds277245} } @article{fds277416, Author = {Siegel, WC and Mark, DB and Hlatky, MA and Harrell, FE and Pryor, DB and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of type A behavior and silent myocardial ischemia on the treadmill.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {64}, Number = {19}, Pages = {1280-1283}, Year = {1989}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2589193}, Abstract = {Type A patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) tend to ignore or underreport symptoms, especially during challenging tasks such as the treadmill exercise test. To determine whether type A CAD patients might be more likely than type B patients to have silent ischemia during exercise and consequently a worse prognosis, 403 patients with stable CAD who had significant coronary disease on angiography, a positive Bruce protocol treadmill test and a structured interview to assess type A behavior were studied. Median follow-up time was 6 years. Type A patients were more likely to experience silent ischemia during exercise than were type B patients (35 vs 25%, p = 0.05). Patients with silent ischemia during exercise had a history of fewer anginal episodes/week, and type A patients with silent ischemia were less likely to have had a history of typical angina. However, using the Cox model, there were no significant differences in survival between type A patients and B patients with silent ischemia (4-year survival 86 vs 79%, p = 0.44) and no significant differences in survival between type A patients with silent ischemia and type A patients with symptomatic ischemia (6-year survival 86 vs 80%, p = 0.59). Similar results were obtained for infarction-free survival. Type A patients are more likely than type B patients to have silent ischemia during exercise, but long-term survival is not affected.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-9149(89)90568-7}, Key = {fds277416} } @article{fds277198, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Do benzodiazepines have a role in the prevention or treatment of coronary heart disease and other major medical disorders?}, Journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research}, Volume = {24 Suppl 2}, Pages = {51-56}, Year = {1990}, ISSN = {0022-3956}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1980699}, Abstract = {Increased coronary disease rates, as well as increased all-cause mortality, in persons with high levels of hostility/anger and in persons suffering from panic disorder or phobic anxiety suggest that biological concomitants of these traits/conditions lead to major medical illnesses. Benzodiazepines have effects, e.g. blunting of stress hormone responses, that could prevent disease in persons so predisposed. It will be necessary to identify subgroups with sufficiently high absolute rates of disease risk to justify pharmacological interventions, and then to carry out controlled prevention trials to document the benefits, before such approaches can be recommended for the general population. This approach (use of drugs when other measures fail) is now standard for more traditional risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In contrast to primary prevention, a stronger case can be made for the use of benzodiazepines in secondary prevention. Research has shown benzodiazepine treatment to improve control of angina and to reduce "silent ischemia", directly suggesting clinical benefits to be gained from the effects of benzodiazepines to reduce stress hormone responses. While benzodiazepines have long been prescribed for the postmyocardial infarction patient, there are no controlled clinical trials documenting such benefits. These are now clearly in order so that the use of benzodiazepines in coronary patients can be advised on a rational basis.}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-3956(90)90035-o}, Key = {fds277198} } @article{fds277246, Author = {Suarez, EC and Williams, RB}, Title = {The relationships between dimensions of hostility and cardiovascular reactivity as a function of task characteristics.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {52}, Number = {5}, Pages = {558-570}, Year = {1990}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2247561}, Abstract = {The present study examined the independent relationships between dimensions of hostility and cardiovascular responses to a laboratory task with and without harassment. Fifty-three males, aged 18 to 26, with a negative parental history of cardiovascular disease were selected on the basis of their scores on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale (greater than 24 or less than 14). Factor-analysis of six separate measures of hostility/anger resulted in a two-factor solution; Factor 1 representing antagonistic hostility and Factor 2 representing neurotic hostility. Results showed that high factor scores on antagonistic hostility were significantly associated with greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) and forearm blood flow (FBF) changes and poorer SBP recovery to harassment. In addition, high factor scores on neurotic hostility significantly predicted greater FBF changes to harassment. Additional correlational analysis showed that cardiovascular responses were positively associated with self-reported negative affects but only for subjects with high scores on either dimension. These results are in agreement with recent evidence suggesting that only antagonistic hostility may be related to increased severity of coronary artery disease and that the degree of interpersonal conflict moderates the association between coronary-prone behaviors and cardiovascular responses.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199009000-00008}, Key = {fds277246} } @article{fds277249, Author = {Siegler, IC and Zonderman, AB and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Costa, PT and McCrae, RR}, Title = {Predicting personality in adulthood from college MMPI scores: implications for follow-up studies in psychosomatic medicine.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {52}, Number = {6}, Pages = {644-652}, Year = {1990}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2287703}, Abstract = {To assess the long-term predictive utility of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) content scales, 1,960 individuals who had completed the MMPI in college in 1964 or 1965 were administered two measures of adult personality, the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and the Cook and Medley MMPI Hostility scale, in 1988. A comparison group of 274 men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were given both MMPI and NEO-PI between 1981 and 1987. Predictive correlations between MMPI scales and NEO-PI factors were qualitatively similar to concurrent correlations, but approximately half as large in magnitude. Theoretically, these correlations were interpreted to mean that about half the variance in basic dimensions of personality is stable from college age into middle adulthood. Practically, the relatively modest correlations suggest that predictive studies of medical outcomes probably require large samples, and that baseline data from adults (e.g., over age 30) may be more useful for future studies. The combination of stability and change suggests that the decade of the 20s may be a particularly fruitful time to conduct research on interventions to alter personality and their effects on health outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199011000-00006}, Key = {fds277249} } @article{fds277343, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Haney, TL and Simpson, SW and Blumenthal, JA and Williams, RB}, Title = {Depression and the assessment of Type A behavior in a clinical population}, Journal = {Psychological Assessment: a Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {2}, Number = {4}, Pages = {483-485}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1990}, ISSN = {1040-3590}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.2.4.483}, Abstract = {The Structured Interview (SI) method of assessing Type A behavior (TABP) relies on the subject's voice stylistics, whereas the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) relies on response content. It was hypothesized that depression would affect SI assessments by masking voice stylistics but would have no impact on JAS assessments. The SI, JAS, and the Zung Depression Scale were administered to 2,066 coronary patients. As predicted, there was a negative relationship between depression and SI-assessed TABP and a modest positive relationship between depression and JAS-assessed TABP. Analysis of Type A components revealed that loudness, explosive speech, and intensity of hostility differed between depressed and nondepressed patients. Affective states that influence expressivity appear to produce misclassifications using SI assessments, especially in clinical samples.}, Doi = {10.1037/1040-3590.2.4.483}, Key = {fds277343} } @article{fds277380, Author = {Lane, JD and Adcock, RA and Williams, RB and Kuhn, CM}, Title = {Caffeine effects on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute psychosocial stress and their relationship to level of habitual caffeine consumption.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {52}, Number = {3}, Pages = {320-336}, Year = {1990}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2195579}, Abstract = {The effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity were examined in 25 healthy male subjects selected as habitual or light consumers of caffeine. Measurements were taken under resting conditions before and after administration of caffeine (3.5 mg/kg) or placebo, during a stressful laboratory task, and in a post-stress recovery period. Caffeine elevated blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels at rest, effects which added significantly to the effects of stress. Caffeine potentiated stress-related increases in plasma epinephrine and cortisol stress, more than doubling the responses observed in the control condition. These effects were present in both habitual and light consumers and level of habitual caffeine consumption did not affect their magnitude. Results indicate that caffeine can potentiate both cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity and that the habitual use of caffeine is not necessarily associated with the development of tolerance to these effects.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199005000-00006}, Key = {fds277380} } @article{fds277199, Author = {Mikat, EM and Weiss, JM and Schanberg, SM and Bartolome, JV and Palmos, LE and Hackel, DB and Williams, RB}, Title = {Development of atherosclerotic-like lesions in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus)}, Journal = {Coronary Artery Disease}, Volume = {1}, Number = {4}, Pages = {469-476}, Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199007000-00009}, Doi = {10.1097/00019501-199007000-00009}, Key = {fds277199} } @article{fds277201, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Stress and the heart}, Journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research}, Volume = {24}, Number = {SUPPL. 1}, Pages = {65}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(90)90089-9}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-3956(90)90089-9}, Key = {fds277201} } @article{fds277200, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {The role of the brain in physical disease. Folklore, normal science, or paradigm shift?}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {263}, Number = {14}, Pages = {1971-1972}, Publisher = {American Medical Association (AMA)}, Year = {1990}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440140097038}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.1990.03440140097038}, Key = {fds277200} } @article{fds277259, Author = {Siegel, WC and Hlatky, MA and Mark, DB and Barefoot, JC and Harrell, FE and Pryor, DB and Williams, RB}, Title = {Effect of Type A behavior on exercise test outcome in coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {66}, Number = {2}, Pages = {179-182}, Year = {1990}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2196775}, Abstract = {The outcome of the diagnostic exercise test depends on such patient-related factors as age, maximum exercise heart rate, exercise time and severity of the underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). This study examined the hypothesis that type A behavior would affect the amount of effort expended, as indicated by the exercise time and the maximum heart rate achieved, thereby resulting in differences in exercise test outcome. A total of 1,260 patients with suspected CAD, all of whom had coronary angiography, a structured interview to assess type A behavior and a treadmill exercise test, participated. Of these patients, 818 (65%) had significant CAD, and 852 (68%) were type A. There were no differences between type A and B patients in either maximum heart rate or total exercise time. Among both type A and B subjects, 36% of treadmill tests were positive. Exercise test sensitivity was similar for both groups (69% for type A vs 72% for type B, p = 0.39). Similarly, specificity was similar for both groups (87% for type A vs 80% for type B, p = 0.09). Results did not change after using logistic regression to control for potential confounding factors. Thus, type A behavior does not need to be taken into account when interpreting exercise test outcome.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-9149(90)90584-n}, Key = {fds277259} } @article{fds277257, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Peterson, BL and Dahlstrom, WG and Siegler, IC and Anderson, NB and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility patterns and health implications: correlates of Cook-Medley Hostility Scale scores in a national survey.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {10}, Number = {1}, Pages = {18-24}, Year = {1991}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2026126}, Abstract = {Correlated Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Ho) scores with sociodemographic variables in a national survey of 2,536 adults. Multiple regression models revealed that Ho scores were associated with race (p less than .0001), years of education (p less than .001), sex (p less than .001), occupation (p = .0002), and income (p = .0025). Higher scores were found in non-Whites, men, and those of lower socioeconomic status. There was a Race x Income interaction (p less than .005), such that the greatest Ho score differences between the races occurred among those with the lowest incomes. Age was related to Ho scores in a curvilinear fashion: higher scores in the youngest and oldest age groups than in the middle-aged groups (p = .025). Marital status was unrelated to Ho scores. These patterns of hostility are similar to the patterns of health indicators in the population. Because hostility has been found to be associated with adverse health outcomes, hostility may account for some of the demographic variations in health status. However, it is argued that research must first establish the generality of the hostility-health relationship across subgroups of the population.}, Doi = {10.1037//0278-6133.10.1.18}, Key = {fds277257} } @article{fds277281, Author = {Williams, RB and Suarez, EC and Kuhn, CM and Zimmerman, EA and Schanberg, SM}, Title = {Biobehavioral basis of coronary-prone behavior in middle-aged men. Part I: Evidence for chronic SNS activation in Type As.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {5}, Pages = {517-527}, Year = {1991}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1661901}, Abstract = {In previous research using young male subjects, the Type A behavior pattern was linked with cardiovascular and neurohormonal hyperresponsivity to laboratory stressors. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether the positive association between the Type A pattern and such physiological hyperreactivity is also present among healthy middle-aged men. Subjects were 28 middle-aged (35-50 years) white males who were classified as Type A (n = 16) or Type B (n = 12) on both the Structured Interview and the Jenkins Activity Survey. In two laboratory sessions, one week apart, subjects participated in either a mental arithmetic task or a sensory intake task. Twenty-four-hour urine collection was completed on a third day. Results showed that while no A/B differences in reactivity to either task were found, Type A subjects exhibited chronic elevation of plasma neurohormones on both laboratory days. The catecholamine elevations found across experimental periods on two laboratory days among Type A men generalized to more naturalistic settings, as indexed by 24-hr urinary excretion rates. The chronic elevations in both sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function we observed in middle-aged Type A men could account for epidemiological findings of increased coronary risk in this group.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199109000-00003}, Key = {fds277281} } @article{fds277282, Author = {Suarez, EC and Williams, RB and Kuhn, CM and Zimmerman, EH and Schanberg, SM}, Title = {Biobehavioral basis of coronary-prone behavior in middle-age men. Part II: Serum cholesterol, the Type A behavior pattern, and hostility as interactive modulators of physiological reactivity.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {53}, Number = {5}, Pages = {528-537}, Year = {1991}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1758939}, Abstract = {Prior research suggests that the Type A behavior pattern, Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scores, and Total Serum Cholesterol (TSC) are positively associated with physiological changes to behavioral stressors. The objective of the present study was to determine whether TSC interacts with the Type A behavior pattern and hostility to affect cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to a mental arithmetic task (MATH). For Type A individuals, elevated TSC was associated with larger catecholamine and cortisol responses to MATH. In contrast, for Type B subjects, cholesterol was negatively associated with neurohormonal responses. The interaction between Ho score and TSC predicted a similar pattern of responses whereby, in high hostile men only, TSC was positively associated with MATH-induced changes in catecholamines and heart rate. While the mechanisms responsible for the differences in the lipid-reactivity association as a function of coronary-prone behavior measures remain to be elucidated, this differential association may play a role in the heightened risk of coronary disease among hostile Type A men.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199109000-00004}, Key = {fds277282} } @article{fds277202, Author = {Hackel, A and Linzer, M and Anderson, N and Williams, R}, Title = {Cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to head-up tilt in the diagnosis of recurrent unexplained syncope in elderly patients.}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {39}, Number = {7}, Pages = {663-669}, Year = {1991}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb03619.x}, Abstract = {To increase understanding of the mechanisms causing syncope in patients over the age of 60, hemodynamic and hormonal responses to 60 minutes of 60 degree head-up tilt were examined in 10 patients with recurrent syncope of unknown origin and five controls with no history of syncope. Nine of 10 patients and all five controls experienced orthostatic intolerance on the tilt table. Syncope or pre-syncope occurred later in controls than in those syncope patients who had exact reproduction of their clinical symptoms (median time 52 versus 22 minutes, P = 0.05). Three different mechanisms of orthostatic intolerance were identified in the 14 subjects: (1) vasovagal syncope, n = 9 (sudden hypotension +/- bradycardia); (2) dysautonomic syncope, n = 3 (immediate and gradual parallel declines in both systolic and diastolic pressures with blunted increase in heart rate); (3) psychogenic or vestibular reaction, n = 2 (orthostatic intolerance without hemodynamic changes). Vasovagal syncope patients showed a significant increase in plasma norepinephrine from baseline to maximum level during tilt (100 +/- 39% increase, P = 0.03) and a subsequent decrease at the time of syncope (30 +/- 5% decrease, P = 0.01), while plasma epinephrine increased markedly from baseline to the time of syncope (827 +/- 154% increase, P = 0.0003). Dysautonomic syncope patients had lower supine levels of norepinephrine compared to vasovagal syncope patients (182 +/- 30 versus 614 +/- 146 pg/mL, P = 0.008) and no significant change in norepinephrine over time; epinephrine levels increased significantly less than in vasovagal patients (net change 38 +/- 8 versus 189 +/- 56 pg/mL, P = 0.008).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb03619.x}, Key = {fds277202} } @article{fds277260, Author = {Burke, HB and Frasure-Smith, N and Lesperance, F and Hojat, M and Morris, PLP and Robinson, RG and Lux, DP and Case, RB and Moss, AJ and McDermott, M and Eberly, S and Case, N and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Mark, DB and Menken, M}, Title = {Social and economic factors in patients with coronary disease [1]}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {268}, Number = {2}, Pages = {195-197}, Year = {1992}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.268.2.195}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.268.2.195}, Key = {fds277260} } @article{fds277304, Author = {Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Califf, RM and Haney, TL and Saunders, WB and Pryor, DB and Hlatky, MA and Siegler, IC and Mark, DB}, Title = {Prognostic importance of social and economic resources among medically treated patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {267}, Number = {4}, Pages = {520-524}, Year = {1992}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1729574}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that diminished social and economic resources impact adversely on cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN: Inception cohort study of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization from 1974 through 1980 and followed up through 1989. SETTING: Tertiary care university medical center. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 1965 medically treated patients with stenosis 75% or greater of at least one major coronary artery. Five hundred patients were not enrolled due to logistic problems; 33 refused; 64 had missing data on key medical variables. The final study population included 1368 patients, 82% male, with a median age of 52 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival time until cardiovascular death. RESULTS: Independent of all known baseline invasive and noninvasive medical prognostic factors, patients with annual household incomes of $40,000 or more had an unadjusted 5-year survival of 0.91, compared with 0.76 in patients with incomes of $10,000 or less (Cox model adjusted hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.57 to 2.32; P = .002). Similarly, unmarried patients without a confidant had an unadjusted 5-year survival rate of 0.50, compared with 0.82 in patients who were married, had a confidant, or both (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.84 to 6.20; P less than .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of social and economic resources identify an important high-risk group among medically treated patients with coronary artery disease, independent of important medical prognostic factors. Additional study will be required to see if interventions to increase these resources improve prognosis.}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.1992.03480040068032}, Key = {fds277304} } @article{fds277414, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Beckham, JC and Peterson, BL and Haney, TL and Williams, RB}, Title = {Measures of neuroticism and disease status in coronary angiography patients.}, Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {60}, Number = {1}, Pages = {127-132}, Year = {1992}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1556275}, Abstract = {A high percentage of patients who undergo diagnostic angiography because they have chest pain are found to be free of significant coronary artery disease. To examine the psychological characteristics of these patients, we used several Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943) measures to assess the relationships between different aspects of neuroticism and coronary artery disease severity (CADSEV) in a sample of 1,462 angiography patients. The Conversion V profile was inversely and most strongly related to CADSEV. Single high scores on hypochondriasis or hysteria were also inversely related to CADSEV, but psychasthenia and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMA; Taylor, 1953) scores were not. Using measures derived by a factor analysis of the MMPI, items relating somatic complaints were inversely related to CADSEV, but a measure of general neuroticism was not. These results support the hypothesis that the association between neuroticism and angiographic findings may be specific to a particular aspect of neuroticism, somatic preoccupation. The implications for neuroticism measurement and clinical practice are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-006x.60.1.127}, Key = {fds277414} } @article{fds277283, Author = {Fukudo, S and Lane, JD and Anderson, NB and Kuhn, CM and Schanberg, SM and McCown, N and Muranaka, M and Suzuki, J and Williams, RB}, Title = {Accentuated vagal antagonism of beta-adrenergic effects on ventricular repolarization. Evidence of weaker antagonism in hostile type A men.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {85}, Number = {6}, Pages = {2045-2053}, Year = {1992}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0009-7322}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1317272}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prior research has suggested a weaker parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in type A (coronary-prone) men. To confirm this phenomenon and extend our understanding of it, we investigated the effects of prior muscarinic blockade on the electrocardiogram T wave and other cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to isoproterenol in type A and type B (non-coronary-prone) men. METHODS AND RESULTS: Responses to two 5-minute intravenous isoproterenol infusions (0.01 micrograms/kg/min and 0.02 micrograms/kg/min) were evaluated in six type A and six type B men after pretreatment with either dextrose placebo or atropine (1.2 mg). Atropine significantly potentiated T wave attenuation in the recovery period after isoproterenol infusion (0.30 +/- 0.07 mV) compared with placebo (0.54 +/- 0.09 mV, p less than 0.001). Atropine also potentiated the heart rate increase to isoproterenol (39 +/- 3 beats per minute versus 20 +/- 2 beats per minute after placebo). Atropine enhanced decreases in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures as well as pulse pressure to isoproterenol. Atropine enhancement of many of these responses was increased among subjects with high scores on various hostility/anger scales. Isoproterenol alone produced greater T wave attenuation in type A than in type B men. However, atropine enhancement of T wave attenuation and blood pressure falls by isoproterenol was present only in type B men. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that there is accentuated parasympathetic antagonism of T wave attenuation and blood pressure responses induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation. Relative weakness of this antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in hostile type A individuals may contribute to their higher coronary disease risk.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.cir.85.6.2045}, Key = {fds277283} } @article{fds314235, Author = {Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Mark, DB}, Title = {In Reply}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {268}, Number = {2}, Pages = {197}, Publisher = {American Medical Association (AMA)}, Year = {1992}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03490020039018}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.1992.03490020039018}, Key = {fds314235} } @article{fds277415, Author = {Siegler, IC and Peterson, BL and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility during late adolescence predicts coronary risk factors at mid-life.}, Journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology}, Volume = {136}, Number = {2}, Pages = {146-154}, Year = {1992}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0002-9262}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1415138}, Abstract = {Hostility, as measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, has been found to predict higher rates of both coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. To evaluate one mechanism whereby hostility might contribute to health problems, the authors used regression models to determine whether hostility measured in college (1964-1966) predicted coronary risk factors assessed 21-23 years later (1987-1990) in 4,710 men and women. Of this group, 828 had lipids measured (1988-1991). Persons with higher hostility scores in college were significantly more likely at follow-up to consume more caffeine (r = 0.043), to have a larger body mass index (r = 0.055), to have higher lipid ratios (r = 0.092), and to be current smokers (r = 0.069) than those with lower hostility scores during college. Cross-sectional analyses found significant associations of contemporaneous hostility scores with the same four risk factors, as well as with alcohol consumption and hypertension (rs ranging from 0.043 to 0.117). These associations are large enough to have possible public health significance. We conclude that hostility may contribute to health problems through its influences on several coronary risk factors across the adult life span.}, Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116481}, Key = {fds277415} } @article{fds277258, Author = {Siegler, IC and Peterson, BL and Barefoot, JC and Harvin, SH and Dahlstrom, WG and Kaplan, BH and Costa, PT and Williams, RB}, Title = {Using college alumni populations in epidemiologic research: the UNC Alumni Heart Study.}, Journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology}, Volume = {45}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1243-1250}, Year = {1992}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0895-4356}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1432005}, Abstract = {The UNC Alumni Heart Study (UNCAHS) is a prospective study of the role of psychosocial factors, in particular hostility, in the development of coronary heart disease. The target population is composed of persons who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory while attending the University of North Carolina in the mid-1960s. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether hostility, demographic and other variables were significant determinants of the subjects' locatability and participation. It was found that MMPI hostility scores at initial testing were unrelated to either potential or actual locatability or participation. Thus there is no evidence that hostility is the source of selection bias in the UNCAHS. Selection into the study was predicted by age, sex, degree status and variables concerned with the conditions under which the MMPI was administered. It is concluded that follow-up studies of college cohorts may have study-specific sources of selection bias.}, Doi = {10.1016/0895-4356(92)90165-j}, Key = {fds277258} } @article{fds277303, Author = {Mark, DB and Lam, LC and Lee, KL and Clapp-Channing, NE and Williams, RB and Pryor, DB and Califf, RM and Hlatky, MA}, Title = {Identification of patients with coronary disease at high risk for loss of employment. A prospective validation study.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {86}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1485-1494}, Year = {1992}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0009-7322}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1423962}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Work disability is common in patients with coronary artery disease and adversely affects both economic well-being and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to construct a model to predict premature departure from the work force of patients with coronary disease and to validate this model prospectively in an independent cohort of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 1,252 coronary disease patients referred for diagnostic cardiac catheterization who were less than age 65, employed, and without prior coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery. Medical, functional, psychological, economic, and job-related variables were measured at the time of baseline diagnostic cardiac catheterization, and all patients were followed for 1 year. Three hundred twelve patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) within 60 days of catheterization, and 449 had coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) within 60 days of catheterization. The remaining 491 patients were treated with initial medical therapy. Logistic regression was used to develop a multivariable model for predicting 1-year work status in the training sample patients (872 patients enrolled between March 1986 and February 1989). This model was then validated in the independent prospective test sample (380 patients enrolled between March 1989 and June 1990). Eight factors were independent predictors of departure from the work force: lower initial functional status (as assessed by the Duke Activity Status Index), followed by older age, black race, presence of congestive heart failure, lower education level, presence of extracardiac vascular disease, poorer psychological status, and lower job classification. Standard clinical variables provided only 20% of the total predictive information available from the model about follow-up work outcomes, whereas functional measures provided 27%, and demographic and socioeconomic measures provided 45%. In the test sample, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model predictions was 0.74, compared with 0.80 in the training sample, and model predictions agreed well with observed prevalences of return to work. After adjustment for baseline imbalances, there was no significant difference in 1-year return-to-work rates among the patients receiving initial PTCA or CABG therapy versus initial medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with coronary disease who are at high risk for premature departure from the work force can be accurately identified from a combination of medical and nonmedical risk factors. The model developed in this study provides a tool to identify patients at high risk for premature loss from the work force. Such patients may benefit from special multidimensional intervention programs designed to preserve work status. Our data show that revascularization with either PTCA or CABG is not, by itself, sufficient to accomplish this goal.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.cir.86.5.1485}, Key = {fds277303} } @article{fds277250, Author = {Zonderman, AB and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Costa, PT}, Title = {Age and gender differences in the content scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Volume = {19}, Number = {3}, Pages = {241-257}, Year = {1993}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8223825}, Abstract = {We examined time of measurement, gender, and age differences on the nine content scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory using data collected by three separate studies during the 1950s, 1960s and 1980s. No evidence was found for differences in the content scales due to time of measurement that also could not have been explained by demographic differences. Differences due to gender were found on only one of the nine scales, Masculinity-Femininity, and age differences were found on the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness scales. Younger men and women had significantly higher scores on the Neuroticism and Extraversion scales, and these differences were consistent in both magnitude and direction across sample and gender. Our results suggest that it is likely that openness reaches its lifetime stable level by the time typical adolescents enter college, because we found no significant age differences in intellectual interests. Neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness on the other hand, are likely to show instability throughout, and probably after, adolescence and early adulthood, because we found significant age differences in the content dimensions associated with these factors in separate analyses of three samples.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610739308253936}, Key = {fds277250} } @article{fds277204, Author = {Durel, LA and Kus, LA and Anderson, NB and McNeilly, M and Llabre, MM and Spitzer, S and Saab, PG and Efland, J and Williams, R and Schneiderman, N}, Title = {Patterns and stability of cardiovascular responses to variations of the cold pressor test.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {30}, Number = {1}, Pages = {39-46}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03203.x}, Abstract = {Test-retest reliabilities and patterns of heart rate and blood pressure responses were examined using variations in the cold pressor test in 113 normotensive white college men. Comparisons were made of stimulus site (forehead vs. foot) and bodily posture (seated vs. supine) across four separate groups of men. The stability of cardiovascular responses was examined over a 2-week-test-retest interval. Different cardiovascular response patterns emerged as a function of stimulation site and posture. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases were accompanied by bradycardia in the forehead cold pressor task but by tachycardia in the foot cold pressor task. Systolic blood pressure increases were larger for foot than for forehead stimulation. Heart rate increases were larger for supine than for seated men. Effects on response were independent of postural differences at baseline, and there were no stimulation site by posture interactions. The cardiovascular responses to stimulation did not attenuate across sessions in any experimental condition but were more reliable for foot than for forehead stimulation and for supine than for seated posture. Short-term stability for changes to the task approached that for baseline and task and was higher than has been reported elsewhere.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03203.x}, Key = {fds277204} } @article{fds277203, Author = {Williams, R and Chesney, M and Cohen, S and Frasure-Smith, N and Kaplan, G and Krantz, D and Manuck, S and Muller, J and Powell, L and Schnall, P}, Title = {Behavior change and compliance: keys to improving cardiovascular health. Workshop VI. AHA Prevention Conference III.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {88}, Number = {3}, Pages = {1406-1407}, Year = {1993}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.88.3.1406}, Doi = {10.1161/01.cir.88.3.1406}, Key = {fds277203} } @article{fds277412, Author = {Williams, RB and Chesney, MA}, Title = {Psychosocial factors and prognosis in established coronary artery disease. The need for research on interventions.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {270}, Number = {15}, Pages = {1860-1861}, Year = {1993}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510150094038}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.1993.03510150094038}, Key = {fds277412} } @article{fds277248, Author = {Suarez, EC and Harlan, E and Peoples, MC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Cardiovascular and emotional responses in women: the role of hostility and harassment.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {12}, Number = {6}, Pages = {459-468}, Year = {1993}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.12.6.459}, Abstract = {The relation of hostility and harassment to cardiovascular and emotional responses was examined by having 51 women (ages 18-26) high and low in hostility complete a task with or without harassment. Harassed high hostile Ss showed greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases during task and recovery periods than did harassed low hostile Ss and nonharassed Ss. Harassed low hostile Ss evidenced greater SBP increases during task and recovery periods than did nonharassed Ss. Among high hostile women, cardiovascular elevations during the task were associated with self-reported levels of negative affect. Antagonistic hostility, relative to neurotic hostility, was positively associated with harassment-induced SBP changes. These results support the hypothesis that hostile people exhibit excessive behaviorally induced cardiovascular responses to interpersonally challenging tasks that evoke anger-related emotional states.}, Doi = {10.1037//0278-6133.12.6.459}, Key = {fds277248} } @article{fds277206, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Neurobiology, cellular and molecular biology, and psychosomatic medicine.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {56}, Number = {4}, Pages = {308-315}, Year = {1994}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7972613}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199407000-00006}, Key = {fds277206} } @article{fds277276, Author = {Lane, JD and Pieper, CF and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Caffeine and cholesterol: interactions with hostility.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {56}, Number = {3}, Pages = {260-266}, Year = {1994}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8084973}, Abstract = {The consumption of caffeinated beverages has been linked to elevated serum cholesterol and an increased risk of coronary disease, although the relationships are inconsistent across studies and remain controversial. The effect of caffeine on cholesterol and coronary disease risk may be modulated by other factors. Using cohort data from a subsample of the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study, we investigated whether the relationships between caffeinated beverage consumption and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in middle-aged men and women were modulated by levels of trait hostility. After adjustment for other risk factors, higher caffeinated beverage intake was associated with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a higher ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, both indicative of greater coronary disease risk. The interactive effects of hostility and caffeine intake were ambiguous, although there were trends for caffeine intake to have stronger effects on low-density lipoprotein and on total cholesterol in people with less hostility. Additional studies of personality characteristics and other factors that can modulate the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee drinking may be warranted because they might clarify the health consequences associated with coffee drinking and lead to the identification of individuals who would benefit most from changes in their coffee drinking.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199405000-00013}, Key = {fds277276} } @article{fds277297, Author = {Maron, BJ and Brown, RW and McGrew, CA and Mitten, MJ and Caplan, AL and Jr, AMH and Cheitlin, M and Thompson, P and Strong, W and Levine, B and Douglas, P and Garson, A and Williams, R}, Title = {Ethical, legal, and practical considerations impacting medical decision- making in competitive athletes}, Journal = {Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise}, Volume = {26}, Number = {10 SUPPL.}, Pages = {S230-S237}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds277297} } @article{fds277352, Author = {Beckham, JC and Barefoot, JC and Haney, TL and Williams, RB and Mark, DB}, Title = {Pain coping strategies in patients referred for evaluation of angina pectoris}, Journal = {Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation}, Volume = {14}, Number = {3}, Pages = {173-180}, Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, Year = {1994}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199405010-00005}, Abstract = {Purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of pain coping strategies to functional status, pain, psychological distress, and depression in 72 chronic angina patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography. Methods. Each subject completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), the Duke Activity Status Inventory (DASI), chest pain ratings, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Results. Women reported lower functional status and greater frequency of pain interfering with activity. Regression analyses revealed that after controlling for demographic variables (age and gender) and disease status (coronary artery occlusion), catastrophizing (i.e., assuming the worst possible outcome when experiencing pain) was associated with decreased functional status, increased psychological distress, depression, and avoidance of activity for fear of pain. Reinterpreting pain sensations was associated with decreased depression. Conclusions. These findings suggest that pain coping may be an important aspect of adjustment in angina patients.}, Doi = {10.1097/00008483-199405010-00005}, Key = {fds277352} } @article{fds277305, Author = {Mark, DB and Lam, LC and Lee, KL and Jones, RH and Pryor, DB and Stack, RS and Williams, RB and Clapp-Channing, NE and Califf, RM and Hlatky, MA}, Title = {Effects of coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, and medical therapy on employment in patients with coronary artery disease. A prospective comparison study.}, Journal = {Annals of Internal Medicine}, Volume = {120}, Number = {2}, Pages = {111-117}, Year = {1994}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0003-4819}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8256969}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare return-to-work rates after coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, and medical therapy in patients with coronary disease. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS: Between March 1986 and June 1990, we enrolled 1252 patients who were younger than 65 years, who had not had previous coronary revascularization, and who were employed. All patients were followed for 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: One-year employment status. RESULTS: After 1 year, 84% of patients who had coronary angioplasty were still working compared with 79% of patients who had bypass surgery and with 76% of patients who received medicine. After adjusting for the more favorable baseline characteristics of patients who had angioplasty (less severe coronary artery disease, better left ventricular function, and less functional impairment), however, no significant differences were noted in 1-year employment rates among the three groups. These adjusted 1-year return-to-work rates were 84% for angioplasty, 80% for surgery, and 79% for medicine (P > 0.05). In a random subset of 72 patients, 23 patients who had angioplasty returned to work after a median of 18 days (mean, 27 days) compared with 54 days (mean, 67 days) for 24 patients having bypass surgery and with 14 days (mean, 45 days) for 25 patients receiving medicine (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had coronary angioplasty were able to return to work earlier than those who had bypass surgery, but by 1 year no significant difference was noted in employment rates. Neither revascularization strategy improved employment rates when compared with initial treatment using medical therapy.}, Doi = {10.7326/0003-4819-120-2-199401150-00003}, Key = {fds277305} } @article{fds277264, Author = {Lipkus, IM and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Personality measures as predictors of smoking initiation and cessation in the UNC Alumni Heart Study.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {13}, Number = {2}, Pages = {149-155}, Year = {1994}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8020458}, Abstract = {MMPI data collected from a sample of college men and women during 1964-1967 were used to predict smoking initiation and cessation over a 20-year follow-up period. People who subsequently began smoking were more rebellious, impulsive, sensation seeking, and hostile; were less likely to present a positive self-image; and were socially extraverted while in college. People who continued to smoke 20 years later were more hostile and sensation seeking. The personality variables that predicted smoking initiation and cessation were the same for men and women. Discussion centers on the potential role of hostility as a predictor of smoking cessation.}, Doi = {10.1037//0278-6133.13.2.149}, Key = {fds277264} } @article{fds277265, Author = {Lipkus, IM and Barefoot, JC and Feaganes, J and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {A short MMPI scale to identify people likely to begin smoking.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality Assessment}, Volume = {62}, Number = {2}, Pages = {213-222}, Year = {1994}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0022-3891}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8189332}, Abstract = {An item analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was conducted to develop questionnaires that best discriminated (a) individuals who ever smoked versus those who never smoked and (b) ex-smokers from current smokers. The analyses were based on a sample of subjects who took the MMPI during 1964-1967 and reported their smoking status during 1987. Although no items distinguished individuals who quit versus continued to smoke, several items discriminated people who ever smoked from nonsmokers. These items formed two factors: Extraversion and Unconventionalism. These results provide support for the importance of extraversion, impulsivity, and antisocial tendencies as personality predictors of smoking initiation. The utility of this MMPI scale is discussed.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327752jpa6202_4}, Key = {fds277265} } @article{fds277207, Author = {Wei, M}, Title = {Depression and survival following myocardial infarction.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {271}, Number = {14}, Pages = {1080}, Year = {1994}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.271.14.1080b}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.271.14.1080b}, Key = {fds277207} } @article{fds277205, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Patterson, JC and Haney, TL and Cayton, TG and Hickman, JR and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility in asymptomatic men with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {74}, Number = {5}, Pages = {439-442}, Year = {1994}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8059722}, Abstract = {The association of hostility and coronary artery disease was evaluated in a case-control study of aircrew members who had been referred for coronary angiography on the basis of noninvasive tests or risk factor status. The asymptomatic status of the sample and the structured nature of the referral process minimize the methodologic problems normally associated with studies of patients undergoing angiography. Cases (n = 24) had some angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease, whereas controls (n = 25) were found to have no evidence of occlusion. An interaction was observed between smoking history and a measurement of hostility based on observations of the respondent's behavior during a standard interview. Among nonsmokers, cases had higher hostility scores than did controls (p = 0.004). This association was not present among smokers. Self-reported hostility did not discriminate cases from controls. These findings support the notion that hostility plays a role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and point to the potential importance of interactions between hostility and other risk factors.}, Doi = {10.1016/0002-9149(94)90899-0}, Key = {fds277205} } @article{fds277208, Author = {Thai, SF and Lewis, JG and Williams, RB and Johnson, SP and Adams, DO}, Title = {Effects of oxidized LDL on mononuclear phagocytes: inhibition of induction of four inflammatory cytokine gene RNAs, release of NO, and cytolysis of tumor cells.}, Journal = {Journal of Leukocyte Biology}, Volume = {57}, Number = {3}, Pages = {427-433}, Year = {1995}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0741-5400}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7884314}, Abstract = {A critical step in development of atherosclerosis is the interaction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with mononuclear phagocytes. Oxidized LDL, as well as acetyl-LDL, is rapidly taken up into macrophages via a family of scavenger receptors. We report that macrophages treated with oxidized LDL have markedly lower levels of mRNA specific for the genes MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, and KC as measured by Northern blot analyses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. By contrast, acetyl-LDL does not inhibit these genes at the doses at which oxidized-LDL is effective. Similar effects are observed whether the LDL is oxidized in the presence of Cu2+ or of Fe2+. Such inhibition also occurs when maleylated bovine serum albumin (BSA), which also clears by one or more scavenger receptors on macrophages, is used as the stimulant. Fe2+ or Cu2+ oxidized LDL inhibits release of nitric oxide when triggered by LPS and direct cytolysis of tumor cells when triggered by maleylated BSA or LPS. Taken together, the data presented indicate that oxidized LDL inhibits induction of several important gene RNAs as well as functional markers that characterize the development of inflammatory and fully activated macrophages.}, Doi = {10.1002/jlb.57.3.427}, Key = {fds277208} } @article{fds277306, Author = {Hlatky, MA and Lam, LC and Lee, KL and Clapp-Channing, NE and Williams, RB and Pryor, DB and Califf, RM and Mark, DB}, Title = {Job strain and the prevalence and outcome of coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {92}, Number = {3}, Pages = {327-333}, Year = {1995}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0009-7322}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7634445}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ("job strain") can lead to coronary disease. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of coronary disease at angiography or with long-term outcome in patients with angiographic coronary disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Employed patients under the age of 65 years undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography completed a self-administered questionnaire about their job duties and work environment. Job strain was measured by the method of Karasek. Patients were separated into three groups, based on extent of coronary disease: significant disease (> or = 75% stenosis), insignificant disease (> 0% but < 75% stenosis), and normal coronary arteries. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazards model. The 1489 patients enrolled had a median age of 52 years; 76% were male and 88% were white. By design, all patients were employed, 60% in white-collar jobs and only 16% in jobs requiring heavy labor. Traditional cardiac risk factors were most prevalent in the 922 patients with significant coronary artery disease, at intermediate levels in the 204 patients with insignificant disease, and least prevalent in the 363 patients with normal coronary arteries (all P < .01). Job strain was actually more common in patients with normal coronary arteries (35%) than in patients with insignificant (26%) or significant disease (25%, P < .002). In a multivariate analysis, job strain was not significantly correlated with the presence of coronary disease. Job strain was not correlated with angina frequency at the time of angiography. Job strain was not a predictor of cardiac events (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Job strain was not correlated with the prevalence or severity of coronary artery disease in a cohort of patients undergoing coronary angiography. The outcome of patients with angiographically defined coronary disease was not affected by the level of job strain as measured by the method of Karasek.}, Doi = {10.1161/01.cir.92.3.327}, Key = {fds277306} } @article{fds277251, Author = {Von Dras and DD and Williams, RB and Kaplan, BH and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Correlates of perceived social support and equality of interpersonal relationships at mid-life.}, Journal = {International Journal of Aging & Human Development}, Volume = {43}, Number = {3}, Pages = {199-217}, Year = {1996}, ISSN = {0091-4150}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9031005}, Abstract = {An investigation into the correlates of perceived social support and the equality of interpersonal relationships at mid-life was conducted using a sample of 3954 adults from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study (UNCAHS). Participants ranged in age from forty to fifty years. Results suggested that while the number of family roles and social activities are the same for men and women, women perceive a greater availability of social support and report they give more than they take in relationships with family. There was no association found between the perceived availability of social support and global indices of equality of interpersonal relationships; suggesting an independence between these two psychological aspects of social support. Further, multiple regression correlational analyses indicated gender, level of social activity, and self-esteem as significant predictors of perceived social support; with self-esteem being the best single predictor. Relatedly, gender and number of children were found to be significant predictors of the perceived equality of relationships with family. These findings suggest differences in mid-life men and women's psychological perception of the availability of social support, and the give and take of relationships with family.}, Doi = {10.2190/M0GP-7R75-AQJ6-Q17H}, Key = {fds277251} } @article{fds277209, Author = {Williams, RB and Littman, AB}, Title = {Psychosocial factors: role in cardiac risk and treatment strategies.}, Journal = {Cardiology Clinics}, Volume = {14}, Number = {1}, Pages = {97-104}, Year = {1996}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0733-8651}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072294}, Abstract = {Recent epidemiologic research has identified several psychosocial factors that impact unfavorably on prognosis among patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). Several biologic and behavioral characteristics have been identified in patients with these psychosocial risk factors that are biologically plausible mediators of their adverse impact on prognosis. Several small-scale clinical trials offer encouraging evidence that both behavioral and pharmacologic interventions have the potential to ameliorate the health-damaging effects of psychosocial risk factors in patients with CHD. In this article we review the evidence on these points and offer recommendations as to how incorporation of this new knowledge into clinical care of the patient with CHD can lead to reduced mortality and morbidity rates in this population.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70263-0}, Key = {fds277209} } @article{fds277210, Author = {Haney, TL and Maynard, KE and Houseworth, SJ and Scherwitz, LW and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Interpersonal Hostility Assessment Technique: description and validation against the criterion of coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Journal of Personality Assessment}, Volume = {66}, Number = {2}, Pages = {386-401}, Year = {1996}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0022-3891}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8869579}, Abstract = {High levels of hostility are associated with adverse health outcomes. The Interpersonal Hostility Assessment Technique (IHAT; Barefoot, 1992) measures hostility from verbal behavior during a standardized interview. Four types of behaviors are scored as hostility: evading the question, irritation, and indirect and direct challenges to the interviewer. The sum of the frequencies of these acts is a Hostile Behavior Index (HBI), which is divided into two components: verbal, scored with speech content in mind, and paraverbal, based on vocal stylistics. This study examined characteristics of IHAT assessments in 129 male coronary patients. Satisfactory interrater reliabilities were obtained. The HBI correlated highly (.58) with coronary artery disease severity after controlling for traditional risk factors. This relation was not affected by question topic or by differential weighting of the four hostile behaviors. Both HBI components were significantly correlated with disease. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for hostility assessment.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327752jpa6602_16}, Key = {fds277210} } @article{fds277344, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Helms, MJ and Mark, DB and Blumenthal, JA and Califf, RM and Haney, TL and O'Connor, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Depression and long-term mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {78}, Number = {6}, Pages = {613-617}, Year = {1996}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8831391}, Abstract = {Previous research has established that patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have an increased risk of death if they are depressed at the time of hospitalization. Follow-up periods have been short in these studies; therefore, the present investigation examined this phenomenon over an extended period of time. Patients with established CAD (n = 1,250) were assessed for depression with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and followed for subsequent mortality. Follow-up ranged up to 19.4 years. SDS scores were associated with increased risk of subsequent cardiac death (p = 0.002) and total mortality (p < 0.001) after controlling for initial disease severity and treatment. Patients with moderate to severe depression had a 69% greater odds of cardiac death and a 78% greater odds of mortality from all causes than nondepressed patients. Increased risk was not confined to the initial months after hospitalization. Patients with high SDS scores at baseline still had a higher risk of cardiac death > 5 years later (p < 0.005). Compared with the nondepressed, patients with moderate to severe depression had an 84% greater risk 5 to 10 years later and a 72% greater risk after > 10 years. Patients with mild depression had intermediate levels of risk in all models. The heightened long-term risk of depressed patients suggests that depression may be persistent or frequently recurrent in CAD patients and is associated with CAD progression, triggering of acute events, or both.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00380-3}, Key = {fds277344} } @article{fds277211, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {The role of psychosocial factors in human disease: lessons from animal models.}, Journal = {Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum}, Volume = {640}, Pages = {100-102}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0302-2994}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9401617}, Abstract = {Studies with humans have identified certain psychosocial characteristics that are associated with increased risk of developing life-threatening illnesses, as well as biological and behavioral mechanisms whereby risk is mediated. In this paper I review research wherein the use of animal models increases our understanding of the mechanisms acting in humans, using research on psychosocial risk factors and the "SES gradient" as examples.}, Key = {fds277211} } @article{fds277284, Author = {Suarez, EC and Bartolome, JV and Kuhn, CB and Schanberg, SM and Williams, RB and Zimmermann, EA}, Title = {The influence of dietary cholesterol on cardiac and hepatic Beta-adrenergic receptors in egyptian sand rats.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {4}, Number = {2}, Pages = {179-188}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16250738}, Abstract = {We examined the effects of dietary cholesterol on cardiac and hepatic beta-adrenergic receptor functioning. Age-matched adult desert rodents (Psammomys obesus) were randomized to either a 5% cholesterol diet (CD, n = 20), or normal rabbit chow (RC, n = 18). After a 2-month exposure to the diets, animals were sacrificed and tissue from both heart and liver were retained for radioligand bindings studies. In heart tissue, cholesterol fed animals, relative to controls, showed an increased production of adenosine 3,5>-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in response to isoproterenol. Cholesterol supplementation was not associated with an increase in heart beta-adrenergic receptor number. Animals fed the 5% cholesterol diet showed significant increases in the number of beta-adrenergic receptor sites in hepatic tissue (M = 13.2 vs. 10.4 pmol/mg protein, CD and RC, respectively). The increased number of receptor sites in the liver was accompanied by a significant increase in isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP production. Results are supportive of the hypothesis that dietary cholesterol contributes to an upregulation of beta-adrenergic receptor function in cardiac, as well as hepatic tissue. These findings may be relevant to the observations of excessive stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity in persons with high cholesterol levels.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327558ijbm0402_6}, Key = {fds277284} } @article{fds277285, Author = {Williams, RB and Sasaki, M and Lewis, JG and Kuhn, CM and Schanberg, SM and Suarez, EC and Feaganes, JR and Adams, DO}, Title = {Differential responsivity of monocyte cytokine and adhesion proteins in high- and low-hostile humans.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {4}, Number = {3}, Pages = {264-272}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16250732}, Abstract = {This study tested the general hypothesis that high- and low-hostile respondents would show different patterns of change in monocyte cytokine and adhesion protein (MCAP) expression in response to pharmacologically induced alterations in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) balance. On 3 separate days, 4 high- and 4 low-hostile respondents received isoproterenol infusions after saline, atropine (PNS blockade), or neostigmine (PNS stimulation) pre-treatment. Dual color flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies to CD 14 (monocyte market), interleukin-1, leukocyte function activator (LFA-1), Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), and tumor necrosis factor was used to quantify cytokine and adhesion protein expression on monocytes in blood samples drawn before and after the combination drug infusions on the 3 test days in each respondents. Following PNS stimulation and istoproterenol infusion there was a decrease (compared to saline pretreatment) in MHC II expression in high hostiles that was significantly (p<.02) different from an increase in low hostiles. A similar trend (p = .08) was seen for LFA-1 expression, with high hostiles showing an increase and low hostiles a decrease. These findings support the broad hypothesis that high-and low-hostile respondents will show different MCAP responses to pharmacologically induced alterations in SNS-PNS balance. Such differences could contribute to accelerated atherogenesis among high-hostile individuals.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327558ijbm0403_5}, Key = {fds277285} } @article{fds277286, Author = {Suarez, EC and Shiller, AD and Kuhn, CM and Schanberg, S and Williams, RB and Zimmermann, EA}, Title = {The relationship between hostility and beta-adrenergic receptor physiology in health young males.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {59}, Number = {5}, Pages = {481-487}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9316180}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between hostility and mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-adrenergic receptor function in a sample of young healthy males. METHOD: Thirty subjects were selected for having scored above 20 (N = 11) and below 14 (N = 19) on the Cook-Medley Hostility (Ho) scale. MNL beta-adrenergic receptor function was characterized in terms of receptor density (Bmax) and ligand-binding affinity (Kd) in homogenized cells, and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responses to saline, isoproterenol, and forskolin in whole cells. Subjects also completed the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), which assesses dimensions of anger. RESULTS: Relative to men with low Ho scores, men with Ho scores above 20 showed lower receptor number and greater forskolin-stimulated cAMP. Moreover, high hostile men reported a greater frequency of anger, longer duration of anger, more frequent brooding, and a hostile outlook. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that adrenergic receptor down-regulation is associated with hostility. This association may be linked to hostile persons' propensity for excessive and prolonged neuroendocrine responses to either psychological stressors or the experience of chronic stress associated with frequent and prolonged bouts of anger.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199709000-00004}, Key = {fds277286} } @article{fds277345, Author = {Szczepanski, R and Napolitano, M and Feaganes, JR and Barefoot, JC and Luecken, L and Swoap, RS and Kuhn, C and Suarez, E and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Blumenthal, JA}, Title = {Relation of mood ratings and neurohormonal responses during daily life in employed women.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {4}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-16}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16250739}, Abstract = {Diurnal variations in urinary norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and self-reported mood states were examined in 101 employed women. Urine was collected on 2 consecutive workdays at 3 time periods: (1) overnight, (2) daytime, and (3) evening. Self-reports of 14 mood states were combined to correspond with the urinary collection periods. Factor analyses revealed 3 mood factors: Pressured (rushed, busy, stressed, hassled, and tense), Distressed (afraid, depressed, bored, and nervous), and Contented (satisfied, thoughtful, excited, and calm). The Distressed factor was significantly associated with norepinephrine excretion (p <.001). The Pressured factor was significantly associated with cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine excretion (p <.001) independent of age, ethnicity, marital status, parental status, department within the company and activity level. Secretion of urinary hormones and the Pressured factor followed the same diurnal pattern. Specifically, as women's self-ratings of feeling pressured initially increased and then decreased over the course of the workday, urinary hormones also peaked and then dropped. Once time of day was statistically controlled, however, the mood factors were no longer significantly related to the urinary hormones.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_1}, Key = {fds277345} } @article{fds277346, Author = {Siegler, HC and Blumenthal, JA and Barefoot, JC and Peterson, BL and Saunders, WB and Dahlstrom, WG and Costa, PT and Suarez, EC and Helms, MJ and Maynard, KE and Williams, RB}, Title = {Personality factors differentially predict exercise behavior in men and women.}, Journal = {Women'S Health (Hillsdale, N.J.)}, Volume = {3}, Number = {1}, Pages = {61-70}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1077-2928}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9106371}, Abstract = {Personality assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in college was used to predict exercise behavior measured at midlife in 3,630 men and 796 women enrolled in the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study. Logistic regression models were fitted for each of the MMPI clinical scales to test the predictive effect of personality, gender, and their interaction on adult exercise behavior. Lower depression, social introversion, and psychopathic deviance scores were associated with increased probability of exercising in midlife for both men and women. Furthermore, better psychological health (indexed by lower hypochondriases and psychasthenia) in college was generally predictive of increased exercise for men, whereas higher scores on these same factors predicted midlife exercise for women. There were two other patterns of gender interactions: (a) for men, lower scores on hysteria and schizophrenia scales were associated with increased probability of exercising at midlife, whereas these factors were unrelated to exercise for women and (b) for women, lower ego strength and higher college scores on paranoia and mania were associated with exercise behavior at midlife. These data suggest that early adulthood personality predictors of exercise behavior at midlife are both gender-neutral and gender-specific; that is, where no gender differences exist, healthier personality traits predict exercise at midlife, and when gender differences do occur, healthier college patterns of personality predict exercise behavior for men and sedentary behavior for women.}, Key = {fds277346} } @article{fds277347, Author = {Luecken, LJ and Suarez, EC and Kuhn, CM and Barefoot, JC and Blumenthal, JA and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Stress in employed women: impact of marital status and children at home on neurohormone output and home strain.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {59}, Number = {4}, Pages = {352-359}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9251153}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biological and psychological effects of role overload, we examined the effects of marital (or partnership) status and parental status (defined as having children at home) on daily excretion of urinary catecholamines and cortisol in a sample of 109 employed women. Other measures included work and home strain, and social support. METHODS: Urine collection was conducted on two consecutive workdays in three separate aliquots, a) overnight, b) daytime, and c) evening. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance with age and caffeine consumption as covariates was conducted on levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the three aliquots averaged across the 2 days. RESULTS: We found a significant main effect of parental status on 24-hour cortisol excretion, (p < .01) such that women with at least one child living at home excreted significantly more cortisol, independent of marital status or social support. Women with children at home also reported higher home strain (p < .001) but not work strain. A significant period of day effect for catecholamine levels was found (norepinephrine, p < .001; epinephrine, p < .0001) with all subjects showing an increase during the workday and little or no decline in levels during the evening. Catecholamine levels were unrelated to marital status, parental status, or social support. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that working women with children at home, independent of marital status or social support, excrete greater amounts of cortisol and experience higher levels of home strain than those without children at home.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199707000-00003}, Key = {fds277347} } @article{fds277348, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and O'Connor, C and Hinderliter, A and Fath, K and Hegde, SB and Miller, G and Puma, J and Sessions, W and Sheps, D and Zakhary, B and Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychosocial factors and coronary disease. A national multicenter clinical trial (ENRICHD) with a North Carolina focus.}, Journal = {North Carolina Medical Journal}, Volume = {58}, Number = {6}, Pages = {440-444}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0029-2559}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392958}, Abstract = {In addition to traditional risk factors (cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol) psychosocial factors (depression, social isolation, and low socioeconomic status) have an adverse impact on prognosis of patients with CAD. Several studies of psychosocial and behavioral treatments provide encouraging evidence for the clinical efficacy of psychosocial interventions in CAD patients. A new, multicenter clinical trial now underway (see sidebar) will evaluate the impact of psychosocial interventions (compared to usual care) on all-cause mortality and nonfatal MI in post-MI patients with depression or perceived low levels of social support or both.}, Key = {fds277348} } @article{fds277261, Author = {Von Dras and DD and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Clapp-Channing, N and Haney, TL and Mark, DB}, Title = {Surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease patients' functional capacity.}, Journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, Volume = {44}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1491-1502}, Year = {1997}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0277-9536}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9160439}, Abstract = {An investigation of the surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients' functional capacity was conducted using 193 patient and surrogate rater dyads. Mean age of patients and surrogate raters were 60.4 and 54.4 years, respectively. Patients and surrogates independently completed a brief questionnaire that assessed health and psychosocial factors. The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) was contained in the patients' questionnaire, while a similar form modified to assess patients' functional capacity was imbedded in the surrogates' questionnaire. Results indicated similar psychometric characteristics and clinical validity for patients' self-report and surrogates' ratings, suggesting that the Surrogate Rating Form of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI-SRF) is a reliable and valid proxy method of assessing patient's functional capacity when this information may not be obtained directly from the patient. Further, while there were no effects of surrogates' health and psychological characteristics on their ratings of patients' functional capacity, in comparison with other surrogates, spouses were more likely to rate patients higher in functional capacity. Exploration of the patient/care provider relationship via concurrent use of the DASI and DASI-SRF is discussed.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00269-9}, Key = {fds277261} } @article{fds277419, Author = {R.B. Williams and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Blumenthal, JA and Helms, MJ and Luecken, L and Pieper, CF and Siegler, IC and Suarez, EC}, Title = {Psychosocial correlates of job strain in a sample of working women.}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, Volume = {54}, Number = {6}, Pages = {543-548}, Year = {1997}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9193195}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study identifies potential mediators of job strain effects on health by determining whether psychosocial factors known to predict an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality are higher among women who report high levels of job strain. METHODS: Measures of job strain and other psychosocial risk factors were obtained in a sample of 152 female employees of a local corporation. Canonical correlation and analyses of covariance were used to assess relationships between job demands and decision latitude and other psychosocial risk factors. RESULTS: A significant (P = .002) solution to the canonical correlation analysis showed that high job demands and low decision latitude were correlated with a pattern of psychosocial factors consisting of (1) increased levels of negative emotions like anxiety, anger, depression, and hostility; (2) reduced levels of social support; and (3) a preponderance of negative compared with positive feelings in dealings with coworkers and supervisors. This pattern was confirmed by analyses of covariance that adjusted for demographic and specific job characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The canonical correlation analysis results provide empirical support for the job strain construct. The most important finding is that health-damaging psychosocial factors like job strain, depression, hostility, anxiety, and social isolation tend to cluster in certain individuals.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830180061007}, Key = {fds277419} } @article{fds326261, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Higher socio-economic status was associated with fewer coronary events and lower case-fatality rates.}, Journal = {Evidence Based Cardiovascular Medicine}, Volume = {1}, Number = {3}, Pages = {63}, Year = {1997}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-2611(97)80051-6}, Doi = {10.1016/s1361-2611(97)80051-6}, Key = {fds326261} } @article{fds277212, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {The mind, the body, health, and disease. What do we know, what should we do?}, Journal = {North Carolina Medical Journal}, Volume = {59}, Number = {3}, Pages = {172-174}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {0029-2559}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9610159}, Key = {fds277212} } @article{fds277287, Author = {Suarez, EC and Kuhn, CM and Schanberg, SM and Williams, RB and Zimmermann, EA}, Title = {Neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses of hostile men: the role of interpersonal challenge.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {60}, Number = {1}, Pages = {78-88}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9492244}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of hostility and harassment on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses in 52 healthy white men. METHODS: Subjects were preselected on the basis of scores in the top and bottom quartiles (above 23 and below 15, respectively) on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale. Subjects participated in a solvable anagram task. Thirty subjects were harassed by the technician during the task. RESULTS: Harassed subjects with high Ho scores exhibited enhanced and prolonged blood pressures, heart rate, forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance, norepinephrine, testosterone, and cortisol responses relative to low-Ho subjects in the harassed condition and high and low-Ho subjects in the nonharassed condition. Heightened physiological reactivity in high-Ho subjects was correlated with arousal of negative affects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with the general hypothesis that high hostile men show excessive behaviorally-induced cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responsivity to interpersonal challenging situations. Moreover, in high-Ho men, the stress-induced cardiovascular and neuroendocrine hyperreactivity is associated with the arousal of negative affects such as anger.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199801000-00017}, Key = {fds277287} } @article{fds277355, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Barefoot, JC and Bosworth, HB and Clapp-Channing, NE and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Mark, DB}, Title = {Social support and hostility as predictors of depressive symptoms in cardiac patients one month after hospitalization: a prospective study.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {60}, Number = {6}, Pages = {707-713}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9847029}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Hospitalization for cardiac disease is associated with an increased risk for depression, which itself confers a poorer prognosis. Few prospective studies have examined the determinants of depression after hospitalization in cardiac patients, and even fewer have examined depression within the weeks after hospital discharge. The present study assessed the prospective relations among perceptions of social support and trait hostility in predicting symptoms of depressive symptoms at 1 month after hospitalization for a diagnostic angiography in 506 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHOD: A series of structural equation models 1) estimated the predictive relations of social support, hostility, and depressive symptoms while in the hospital to symptoms of depression 1 month after hospitalization, and 2) compared these relations across gender, predicted risk classification, and age. RESULTS: Social support assessed during hospitalization was independently negatively associated with depressive symptoms 1 month after hospitalization, after controlling for baseline symptoms of depression, gender, disease severity, and age. Hostility was an indirect predictor of postdischarge depressive symptomology by way of its negative relation with social support. This pattern of relations did not differ across gender, predicted risk classification, and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a patient's perceived social support during hospitalization is a determinant of depressive symptoms 1 month later. The relation of social support and hostility to subsequent depressive symptoms was similar across a variety of populations.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199811000-00008}, Key = {fds277355} } @article{fds336100, Author = {Suarez, EC and Shiller, AD and Kuhn, CM and Schanberg, SM and Williams, RB and Zimmermann, EA}, Title = {THE JOINT EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HOSTILITY ON BETA2-ADRENOCEPTOR FUNCTION}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {60}, Number = {1}, Pages = {134-134}, Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, Year = {1998}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199801000-00190}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-199801000-00190}, Key = {fds336100} } @article{fds277307, Author = {Brummett, BH and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility and risk for disease}, Journal = {Current Opinion in Psychiatry}, Volume = {11}, Number = {6}, Pages = {607-613}, Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199811000-00003}, Abstract = {Recent research exploring the association between hostility and risk for disease is generally supportive of the previous literature that suggests the existence of a link between hostility and health. Both past and current findings also indicate that there are numerous biobehavioral routes through which hostility might have an impact on health.}, Doi = {10.1097/00001504-199811000-00003}, Key = {fds277307} } @article{fds277213, Author = {Bubb, MR}, Title = {Zyban: two products, two uses--too confusing?}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {279}, Number = {21}, Pages = {1701-1702}, Year = {1998}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.21.1701}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.279.21.1701}, Key = {fds277213} } @article{fds277420, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Lower socioeconomic status and increased mortality: early childhood roots and the potential for successful interventions.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {279}, Number = {21}, Pages = {1745-1746}, Year = {1998}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.21.1745}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.279.21.1745}, Key = {fds277420} } @article{fds277252, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Heitmann, BL and Helms, MJ and Williams, RB and Surwit, RS and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life.}, Journal = {Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord}, Volume = {22}, Number = {7}, Pages = {688-694}, Year = {1998}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705031}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of symptoms of depression to weight changes in healthy individuals of normal weight across a follow-up of over 20 y. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: College students (3885 men and 841 women) were administered a self-report depression measure in the mid-1960s. Their baseline body mass index (BMI) was calculated from their college medical records. Participants were contacted by mail in the late 1980s and asked to report their current height and weight as well as their smoking and exercise habits. Another measure of depressive symptoms was obtained from 3560 individuals at follow-up. Multiple regression models were used to relate changes in weight to depression scores while controlling for background (gender, baseline BMI and the gender by BMI interaction) and behavioral (exercise and smoking) predictors. RESULTS: The relationship between depressive symptoms and body weight change took the form of an interaction with baseline BMI (P < 0.001). Those with high baseline depression scores gained less weight than their nondepressed counterparts if they were initially lean, but more if they were initially heavy. This trend was especially strong in those with high depression scores at both baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the hypothesis that depression exaggerates pre-existing weight change tendencies. This pattern would not have been detected by an examination of main effects alone, illustrating the need to move toward more complicated interactive models in the study of psychological factors and weight.}, Doi = {10.1038/sj.ijo.0800647}, Key = {fds277252} } @article{fds277215, Author = {Williams, R and Kiecolt-Glaser, J and Legato, MJ and Ornish, D and Powell, LH and Syme, SL and Williams, V}, Title = {The impact of emotions on cardiovascular health.}, Journal = {The Journal of Gender Specific Medicine : Jgsm : the Official Journal of the Partnership for Women'S Health at Columbia}, Volume = {2}, Number = {5}, Pages = {52-58}, Year = {1999}, Abstract = {Recent research suggests that the maintenance of emotional well-being is critical to cardiovascular health. People who feel lonely, depressed, and isolated have been found to be significantly more likely to suffer illnesses and to die prematurely of cardiovascular diseases than those who have adequate social support. Consequently, the development of appropriate interventions to improve the emotional health of people with certain psychosocial risk factors has become an important research goal. It is anticipated that such interventions will increase the life expectancy of people at risk and that it may also save millions of dollars in medical care costs. First, however, researchers in this field must identify specific emotional risk factors and must agree upon a working definition of "good emotional health." Such explicit definitions, as well as additional data, are essential to educating physicians and insurers so that consideration of emotional health can be integrated into basic medical care.}, Key = {fds277215} } @article{fds277214, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Social ties and health.}, Journal = {The Harvard Mental Health Letter}, Volume = {15}, Number = {10}, Pages = {4-5}, Year = {1999}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {1057-5022}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092337}, Key = {fds277214} } @article{fds277421, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {A 69-year-old man with anger and angina.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {282}, Number = {8}, Pages = {763-770}, Year = {1999}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10463712}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.282.8.763}, Key = {fds277421} } @article{fds277327, Author = {Bosworth, HB and Siegler, IC and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Vitaliano, PP and Clapp-Channing, N and Lytle, BL and Mark, DB}, Title = {The relationship between self-rated health and health status among coronary artery patients.}, Journal = {Journal of Aging and Health}, Volume = {11}, Number = {4}, Pages = {565-584}, Year = {1999}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0898-2643}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10848078}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study examined the descriptive relationship of self-rated health (SRH) with various psychosocial measures, sociodemographic variables, coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnostic/clinical measures, and medically abstracted comorbidities. METHODS: The sample was 2,855 individuals from the Mediators of Social Support (MOSS) study who had at least 75% narrowing in more than one vessel, as indicated by a cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, individuals who rated their health as poor/fair had significantly worse performance on all psychosocial measures and were more likely to be female, non-White, and of a lower socioeconomic status than those who rated their health as being good or better. There were few differences on SRH across various diagnostic/clinical measures of health. DISCUSSION: A single item measure of SRH may be useful; the generalizability of the item must be considered. In this sample of CAD patients, SRH was related more to psychosocial factors than to clinical and disease indicators.}, Doi = {10.1177/089826439901100405}, Key = {fds277327} } @article{fds277328, Author = {Bosworth, HB and Siegler, IC and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Clapp-Channing, NE and Mark, DB}, Title = {The association between self-rated health and mortality in a well-characterized sample of coronary artery disease patients.}, Journal = {Medical Care}, Volume = {37}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1226-1236}, Year = {1999}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0025-7079}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10599604}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between self-rated health and mortality after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, physician-rated comorbidities, disease severity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and psychosocial measures (depression, social support, and functional ability) was examined in the Mediators of Social Support (MOSS) study. SUBJECTS: The sample consisted of 2,885 individuals (mean age, 62.5 years) who had significant heart disease based upon heart catheterization. RESULTS. Using Cox proportional survival analysis, individuals who rated their health as "fair" or "poor" had a significantly greater likelihood of all-cause mortality (OR = 2.13; CI = 1.40-3.23; OR = 4.92; CI = 3.24-7.46, respectively) across follow-up (mean, 3.5 years) than those who rated their health as "very good" after considering sociodemographic factors. After adjustment for comorbidities, disease severity, HRQOL, psychosocial factors, and demographic variables, only those who rated their health as poor had a significant greater risk of mortality (OR = 2.96, CI = 1.80-4.85). A similar pattern was observed for coronary artery disease (CAD)-related mortality; increased adjustment of variables weakened the relationship between self-rated health and mortality. Individuals who rated their health as poor had a significantly greater risk of CAD-related mortality than did those who rated their health as very good (poor vs. very good OR = 3.58, CI = 2.13-6.02) after adjustment for all available mortality risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that it is important to include self-rated health when studying risk factors for mortality. Not adjusting for relevant factors may provide an overestimation of the effects of self-rated health on mortality in a sample of CAD patients.}, Doi = {10.1097/00005650-199912000-00006}, Key = {fds277328} } @article{fds277262, Author = {Von Dras and DD and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Mark, DB}, Title = {Coronary catherization patient and wife's perceptions of social support: effects due to characteristics of recipient, provider, and their interaction.}, Journal = {International Journal of Aging & Human Development}, Volume = {50}, Number = {2}, Pages = {97-125}, Year = {2000}, ISSN = {0091-4150}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10791611}, Abstract = {This investigation explored relationships between coronary catherization patient and wife's characteristics and their perceptions of social support. Participants were 124 male patients undergoing diagnostic catherization to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) and their wives. Patients and wives' mean ages were fifty-nine and fifty-six years, respectively. While visiting the hospital both patient and wife independently completed a brief questionnaire that assessed psychological and physical health characteristics and perceptions of social support. Congruent with the interdependent and overlapping contexts, and reciprocal relationships assumptions of Revenson's (1994) ecological/contextual framework, results suggested characteristics of patients and wives (e.g., age, mental health, social functioning, hostility, depression, general perceived health) to interactively moderate their perceptions of social support. Overall, perceptions of social support were found to be influenced by characteristics of the perceiver, the support provider, and their interaction. Concerns for supportive and helpful caregiving are discussed.}, Doi = {10.2190/CU9W-0XKW-R4AN-G1TD}, Key = {fds277262} } @article{fds277309, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Brummett, BH and Helms, MJ and Mark, DB and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Depressive symptoms and survival of patients with coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {62}, Number = {6}, Pages = {790-795}, Year = {2000}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11138998}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Multiple studies have shown that high levels of depressive symptoms increase the mortality risk of patients with established coronary disease. This investigation divided depressive symptoms into groups to assess their relative effectiveness in predicting survival. METHODS: Questionnaires about the presence of depressive symptoms were administered to 1250 patients with significant coronary disease while they were hospitalized for diagnostic coronary angiography. Follow-up for mortality due to cardiac disease was conducted annually for up to 19.4 years. Factor analysis was used to divide items on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale into four groups: Well-Being, Negative Affect, Somatic, and Appetite. In addition, responses to a single item regarding feelings of hopelessness were available for 920 patients. RESULTS: Well-Being and Somatic symptoms significantly predicted survival (p < or = .01). Negative Affect items were also related to survival (p = .0001) and interacted with age. A 2-SD difference in the Negative Affect term was associated with a relative risk of 1.29 for patients >50 years old and 1.70 for younger ones. Only Negative Affect remained significant in a model with the other symptom groups. Hopelessness also predicted survival with a relative risk of 1.5. Both the Hopelessness and Negative Affect items remained as independent predictors in the same model. All models controlled for severity of disease and treatment. With one exception (income and Hopelessness), results were essentially unchanged by additional controls for age, gender, and income. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms differentially predicted survival, with depressive affect and hopelessness being particularly important. These effects were independent of disease severity and somatic symptoms and may be especially important in younger patients.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-200011000-00008}, Key = {fds277309} } @article{fds277329, Author = {Bosworth, HB and Siegler, IC and Olsen, MK and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Clapp-Channing, NE and Mark, DB}, Title = {Social support and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Quality of Life Research}, Volume = {9}, Number = {7}, Pages = {829-839}, Year = {2000}, ISSN = {0962-9343}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11297025}, Abstract = {The relationship between perceived social support and domain-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was examined in a sample of cardiac catheterization patients after considering age, gender, race, education, and coronary artery disease (CAD) severity. Data was collected on 4,278 cardiac catheterization patients (63% males) and included 1,215 patients with non-significant CAD and 3,063 patients who had significant CAD ( > or = 75% stenosis of at least one major coronary artery). Among the patients with significant CAD, 2,721 were classified as low disease severity and 342 were considered high disease severity. Regression models indicated that a lack of social support was associated with significantly lower levels of HRQOL across all eight SF-36 HRQOL domains after considering disease severity and other demographic factors. The models also indicated that social support and other relevant variables interacted across various HRQOL domains. Physical function and physical role function were lower with age, whereas mental health, emotional role function, and vitality were higher with age. Females reported lower HRQOL than males across all domains. Minority patients reported lower levels of HRQOL than white patients across four domains. Increased disease severity was related to lower levels among four of the eight HRQOL domains. The observed interactions of social support with minority status, disease severity, and education suggest that a subset of individuals may suffer lower levels of HRQOL. These individuals may subsequently require the greatest degree of care and potentially benefit most from intervention.}, Doi = {10.1023/a:1008960308011}, Key = {fds277329} } @article{fds277216, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Antidepressant use and the risk of myocardial infarction.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Medicine}, Volume = {108}, Number = {1}, Pages = {87-88}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0002-9343}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00417-9}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00417-9}, Key = {fds277216} } @article{fds277255, Author = {McNeilly, M and Musick, M and Efland, JR and Baughman, JT and Toth, PS and Saulter, TD and Sumner, L and Sherwood, A and Weitzman, PF and Levkoff, SE and Williams, J and Anderson, NB}, Title = {Minority populations and psychophysiologic research: Challenges in trust building and recruitment}, Journal = {Journal of Mental Health and Aging}, Volume = {6}, Number = {1}, Pages = {91-102}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {Minority populations have been historically underrepresented in scientific research. Various factors have been cited to account for this. In this article we focus on overcoming this barrier of distrust of the medical system which can influence the participation of older African Americans in research. We outline four types of trust that we found essential to successful recruitment. We also present the relative effectiveness of various methods used to recruit older African Americans. Our hope is that the discussion of some of the challenges and presentation of strategies used to overcome these challenges will be helpful to investigators attempting to conduct research with minority populations.}, Key = {fds277255} } @article{fds277288, Author = {Bunting, CJ and Tolson, H and Kuhn, C and Suarez, E and Williams, RB}, Title = {Physiological stress response of the neuroendocrine system during outdoor adventure tasks}, Journal = {Journal of Leisure Research}, Volume = {32}, Number = {2}, Pages = {191-207}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-2216}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2000.11949913}, Abstract = {Outdoor adventure tasks involve a composite stress of both physical and psychosocial demands. Such compound stressors are not often studied, yet this is the type of stress most often associated with active leisure experiences. The purpose of this study was to describe urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol responses to various outdoor adventure tasks, and to evaluate the influence of aerobic fitness on these responses. Adult participants were recruited from individuals who had voluntarily registered and paid for a nine-day outdoor adventure program. Urine samples were collected from 15 participants following the tasks: beginning and advanced rock climbing, beginning and advanced whitewater canoeing, ropes course, and backpacking, as well as pre and post-course van rides. The advanced rock climbing and advanced whitewater canoeing days elicited the highest urinary neuroendocrine responses, and lower fit participants had higher neuroendocrine levels when compared to the higher fit participants.}, Doi = {10.1080/00222216.2000.11949913}, Key = {fds277288} } @article{fds277330, Author = {Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Feaganes, JR and Yen, S and Bosworth, HB and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Hostility in marital dyads: associations with depressive symptoms.}, Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {23}, Number = {1}, Pages = {95-105}, Year = {2000}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0160-7715}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10749013}, Abstract = {We examined the relations of hostility (of self and spouse) with self-ratings of depressive symptoms in 898 spouse pairs. Self-ratings of hostility were initially examined as predictors of depression. Next, spouse self-ratings of hostility were added to the model. Finally, the interaction of self x spouse hostility was investigated. These relations were explored for three components of hostility (Cynicism, Aggressive Responding, and Hostile Affect). Age and education were controlled in all models and effects were examined separately for women and men. Self-ratings of Hostile Affect were positively related to depressive symptoms for both women and men. Self-ratings of Cynicism were also significantly related to depression, but only for men. All three components of spouse's hostility were positively related to one's own symptoms of depression for women. For men, however, spouse's hostility was not related to symptoms of depression. These findings highlight the need to study psychosocial risk factors in social units and have potential implications for intervention.}, Doi = {10.1023/a:1005424405056}, Key = {fds277330} } @article{fds277308, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Brummett, BH and Clapp-Channing, NE and Siegler, IC and Vitaliano, PP and Williams, RB and Mark, DB}, Title = {Moderators of the effect of social support on depressive symptoms in cardiac patients.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {86}, Number = {4}, Pages = {438-442}, Year = {2000}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10946039}, Abstract = {Social support and depression have been shown to affect the prognosis of coronary patients, and social support has been found to influence depression in community and patient samples. We investigated the characteristics of coronary patients whose depressive symptomatology was most likely to improve with social support. We predicted that social support would be most beneficial for the most severely depressed, the old, the poor, the most severely ill, and those with poor functional status. Patients (n = 590) with documented coronary artery disease were assessed for depressive symptoms, social support, and functional status while in hospital. They were reassessed for depression 1 month later during a home visit. Depression scores were lower at follow-up (p = 0.001), and improvement was more marked among those reporting more support (p <0.001). The social support effect was strongest among those with high levels of depression at baseline (p <0.001) and those with lower income (p = 0.01). Unexpectedly, social support was more strongly associated with improvement in younger patients (p = 0.01). Social support did not interact with gender, disease severity, or functional status. These findings are partially consistent with the notion that social support is most effective for those who are most vulnerable and/or have few coping resources. These findings also have implications for the design and interpretation of psychosocial interventions.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00961-9}, Key = {fds277308} } @article{fds277217, Author = {Stiles, PG and Poythress, NG and Hall, A and Falkenbach, D and Williams, R}, Title = {Improving understanding of research consent disclosures among persons with mental illness}, Journal = {Psychiatric Services}, Volume = {52}, Number = {6}, Pages = {780-785}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Publishing}, Year = {2001}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.6.780}, Abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative procedures for improving the understanding of research consent disclosures by persons who have mental illness. Methods: Three groups participated in the study: Persons with schizophrenia (N=79), persons with depression (N=82), and a healthy control group (N=80). The participants were guided through an informed consent process in which two factors were manipulated. One was the structure of the disclosure form; either a typical disclosure form involving standard dense text was used, or a graphically enhanced form was used. The other was the interpersonal process: The presence or absence of a third-party facilitator, with iterative feedback given to participants for whom a facilitator was not present. Participants' understanding of the disclosure was assessed with the use of recall tests that involved paraphrasing and recognition tests that involved multiple choice. Results: The mean understanding scores did not differ significantly between the depression and control groups, and the mean scores of the schizophrenia group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Neither the graphically enhanced consent disclosure form nor the presence of a third-party facilitator was associated with improved understanding. The use of iterative feedback was associated with improvement in comprehension scores in all groups. Conclusions: The use of a feedback procedure in the consent disclosure process during the recruitment of persons who are mentally ill may be a valuable safeguard for ensuring adequate understanding and appropriate participation in research.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.52.6.780}, Key = {fds277217} } @article{fds277218, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility and heart disease: Williams et al. (1980).}, Journal = {Advances in Mind Body Medicine}, Volume = {17}, Number = {1}, Pages = {52-55}, Year = {2001}, ISSN = {1470-3556}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11270067}, Key = {fds277218} } @article{fds277331, Author = {Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Siegler, IC and Clapp-Channing, NE and Lytle, BL and Bosworth, HB and Williams, RB and Mark, DB}, Title = {Characteristics of socially isolated patients with coronary artery disease who are at elevated risk for mortality.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {63}, Number = {2}, Pages = {267-272}, Year = {2001}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292274}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Social isolation has been linked to poor survival in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Few studies have closely examined the psychosocial characteristics of CAD patients who lack social contact. METHODS: Social isolation was examined as a predictor of mortality in 430 patients with significant CAD. More isolated patients were compared with their less isolated counterparts on factors that might help explain the association between isolation and survival. RESULTS: The mortality rate was higher among isolated individuals. Those with three or fewer people in their social support network had a relative risk of 2.43 (p = .001) for cardiac mortality and 2.11 (p = .001) for all-cause mortality, controlling for age and disease severity. Adjustments for income, hostility, and smoking status did not alter the risk due to social isolation. With the exception of lower income, higher hostility ratings, and higher smoking rates, isolated patients did not differ from nonisolated patients on demographic indicators, disease severity, physical functioning, or psychological distress. Isolated patients reported less social support and were less pleased with the way they got along with network members, but they did not report less satisfaction with the amount of social contact received. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with small social networks had an elevated risk of mortality, but this greater risk was not attributable to confounding with disease severity, demographics, or psychological distress. These findings have implications for mechanisms linking social isolation to mortality and for the application of psychosocial interventions.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-200103000-00010}, Key = {fds277331} } @article{fds277356, Author = {ENRICHD Investigators}, Title = {Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study intervention: rationale and design.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {63}, Number = {5}, Pages = {747-755}, Year = {2001}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Depression and low social support are risk factors for medical morbidity and mortality after acute MI. The ENRICHD study is a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression and low social support in post-MI patients. A total of 2481 patients were recruited (26% with low social support, 39% with depression, and 34% with low social support and depression). Our objective is to describe the rationale, design, and delivery of the ENRICHD intervention. METHODS: Key features of the intervention include the integration of cognitive-behavioral and social learning approaches to the treatment of depression and a diverse set of problems that can contribute to low social support; rapid initiation of treatment after MI; a combination of individual and group modalities; adjunctive pharmacotherapy for severe or intractable depression; training, certification, and supervision of therapists; and quality assurance procedures. RESULTS: The trial's psychosocial and medical outcomes will be presented in future reports. CONCLUSIONS: The ENRICHD protocol targets two complex psychosocial risk factors with a multifaceted intervention, which is delivered in an individualized manner to accommodate a demographically, medically, and psychiatrically diverse patient population. Additional research will be needed to identify optimal matches between patient characteristics and specific components of the intervention.}, Key = {fds277356} } @article{fds277422, Author = {R.B. Williams and Williams, RB and Marchuk, DA and Gadde, KM and Barefoot, JC and Grichnik, K and Helms, MJ and Kuhn, CM and Lewis, JG and Schanberg, SM and Stafford-Smith, M and Suarez, EC and Clary, GL and Svenson, IK and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Central nervous system serotonin function and cardiovascular responses to stress.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {63}, Number = {2}, Pages = {300-305}, Year = {2001}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292279}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of indices of central nervous system (CNS) serotonin function on cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. METHODS: Lumbar puncture was performed on 54 healthy volunteers to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for determination of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) levels. Genotypes were determined with respect to a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5HTTLPR). Subjects then underwent mental stress testing. RESULTS: Persons with one or two long (l) 5HTTLPR alleles had CSF levels of the major serotonin metabolite, 5HIAA, that were 50% higher than those of persons with the s/s 5HTTLPR genotype. Persons with one or two l alleles or higher CSF 5HIAA levels also exhibited greater blood pressure and heart rate responses to a mental stress protocol. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the 5HTTLPR polymorphism affects CNS serotonin function, and they are consistent with the general hypothesis that CNS serotonin function is involved in the regulation of potentially health-damaging biobehavioral characteristics. In particular, the l allele could contribute, through its association with increased cardiovascular reactivity to stress, to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-200103000-00016}, Key = {fds277422} } @article{fds277357, Author = {ENRICHD Investigators}, Title = {Enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease (ENRICHD): baseline characteristics.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {88}, Number = {3}, Pages = {316-322}, Year = {2001}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01652-6}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01652-6}, Key = {fds277357} } @article{fds277219, Author = {Williams, RB and Schneiderman, N}, Title = {Resolved: psychosocial interventions can improve clinical outcomes in organic disease (pro).}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {64}, Number = {4}, Pages = {552-557}, Year = {2002}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140342}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000023410.02546.5d}, Key = {fds277219} } @article{fds277220, Author = {Williams, R and Schneiderman, N and Relman, A and Angell, M}, Title = {Resolved: psychosocial interventions can improve clinical outcomes in organic disease--rebuttals and closing arguments.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {64}, Number = {4}, Pages = {564-567}, Year = {2002}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000023412.02546.cf}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000023412.02546.cf}, Key = {fds277220} } @article{fds277358, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Mark, DC and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Clapp-Channing, N and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Predictors of smoking cessation in patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation}, Volume = {22}, Number = {3}, Pages = {143-147}, Year = {2002}, ISSN = {0883-9212}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042680}, Abstract = {PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables as predictors of smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: Smoking status and psychosocial variables were obtained at baseline. Participants were followed up at 3 months then annually up to 6 years for smoking status. Participants were recruited from the population of patients undergoing coronary angiography from 1986 through 1990. Patients were included in the study if they reported smoking at baseline and had valid data for demographic and clinical measures of interest. Depending on the psychosocial measure analyzed, sample size ranged from 525 to 303. Age, gender, education, marital status, disease severity, cardiac procedure, hostility, and four ratings of distress were evaluated as predictors of smoking cessation. RESULTS: Of the full sample, 40% (n = 210) quit smoking without relapse. Education (odds ratio [OR] 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.84; P <.003), disease severity (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40-0.84; P <.004), and coronary artery bypass surgery (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.43-0.85; P <.004) were associated with a lower likelihood of relapse. Higher levels of hostility (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.46-3.84; P <.001), concern about health (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.33-2.74; P <.001), tension (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.12-2.30; P <.012), and depressive feelings (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.12-2.27; P <.010) were associated with a higher risk of continuing to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: These findings describe demographic, clinical, and psychological mechanisms that might underlie successful smoking cessation and also may guide the identification of patients in need of special intervention.}, Doi = {10.1097/00008483-200205000-00003}, Key = {fds277358} } @article{fds277379, Author = {Surwit, RS and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Lane, JD and Helms, M and Applegate, KL and Zucker, N and Feinglos, MN and McCaskill, CM and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Hostility, race, and glucose metabolism in nondiabetic individuals.}, Journal = {Diabetes Care}, Volume = {25}, Number = {5}, Pages = {835-839}, Year = {2002}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0149-5992}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11978677}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to determine whether hostility is differentially related to measures of glucose metabolism in African-Americans and Caucasians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relationship of hostility, as measured by a subset of the Cook-Medley hostility scale (CMHOST) inventory items, to various parameters of glucose metabolism were examined in a young, healthy sample of male and female African-American and Caucasian volunteers. Fasting blood samples were collected during an inpatient admission, at which time the CMHOST was also administered. RESULTS: In the entire sample, the CMHOST was found to be significantly correlated with fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, as measured by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). However, the relationship of hostility to these parameters of glucose metabolism was different in African-American and Caucasian subjects. Hostility was significantly related to fasting glucose in African-Americans and to insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin in Caucasian subjects. The relationship of hostility to insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin was partially dependent on BMI in Caucasians, but the relationship of hostility to fasting glucose was unrelated to BMI in African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the relationship of hostility to measures of glucose metabolism is mediated differently in these two ethnic groups. Therefore, hostility seems to be part of a constellation of risk-related behaviors related to BMI in Caucasians but independently related to fasting glucose in African-Americans.}, Doi = {10.2337/diacare.25.5.835}, Key = {fds277379} } @article{fds277289, Author = {Roy, A and Berman, J and Williams, R and Kuhn, C and Gonzalez, B}, Title = {Higher levels of CSF homovanillic acid in recently abstinent cocaine-dependent patients.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {159}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1053-1055}, Year = {2002}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.1053}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined an index of dopaminergic neurotransmission in recently abstinent cocaine-dependent patients. METHOD: CSF concentrations of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were determined in 30 recently abstinent cocaine-dependent patients and 69 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: The cocaine-dependent patients had a significantly higher mean concentration of CSF HVA than did the healthy comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: Recently abstinent cocaine-dependent patients may show dysregulation of the central dopaminergic system.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.1053}, Key = {fds277289} } @article{fds277253, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Grønbaek, M and Feaganes, JR and McPherson, RS and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Alcoholic beverage preference, diet, and health habits in the UNC Alumni Heart Study.}, Journal = {American Journal of Clinical Nutrition}, Volume = {76}, Number = {2}, Pages = {466-472}, Year = {2002}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0002-9165}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12145024}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Moderate alcohol intake is related to better health, and additional benefits may be associated with wine. However, beverage preference may be confounded by lifestyle factors related to health. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to describe the associations between alcoholic-beverage preferences and indicators of a healthy diet and other health habits. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included data from 2864 men and 1571 women enrolled in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. Self-reports of drinking habits were used as predictors of health behaviors and of intakes of nutrients and food groups. RESULTS: Subjects who preferred wine had healthier diets than did those who preferred beer or spirits or had no preference. Wine drinkers reported eating more servings of fruit and vegetables and fewer servings of red or fried meats. The diets of wine drinkers contained less cholesterol, saturated fat, and alcohol and more fiber. Wine drinkers were less likely to smoke. Compared with all drinkers, those who drank no alcohol consumed fewer vegetables but more fiber. Nondrinkers were less likely to exercise regularly and had a higher mean body mass index. Controlling for income and education had little effect on these associations. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent health benefits of wine compared with other alcoholic beverages, as described by others, may be a result of confounding by dietary habits and other lifestyle factors. Confounding by lifestyle variables could also be a factor in the previously observed health differences between drinkers and nondrinkers, although the evidence for this association is not as strong.}, Doi = {10.1093/ajcn/76.2.466}, Key = {fds277253} } @article{fds277311, Author = {Siegler, IC and Costa, PT and Brummett, BH and Helms, MJ and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Dahlstrom, WG and Kaplan, BH and Vitaliano, PP and Nichaman, MZ and Day, RS and Rimer, BK}, Title = {Patterns of change in hostility from college to midlife in the UNC Alumni Heart Study predict high-risk status.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {65}, Number = {5}, Pages = {738-745}, Year = {2003}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14508014}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine hostility measured in college and patterns of change in hostility from college to midlife as predictors of high health-related risk later in midlife. METHODS: Logistic regression models were used to test hostility/risk associations. RESULTS: College hostility predicted being a current smoker, consuming more than two drinks of alcohol, low social support, achieving less than expected in career and in relationships, risk for depression, and appraisal of life changing for the worse in terms of family events at midlife. Change in hostility did not predict smoking and drinking; however, it did significantly predict social isolation, lower income (only for women), obesity, avoidance of exercise, high-fat diet, and negative changes in economic life, work life, and physical health events-all risk indicators measured during the next decade. Appraisals of social support, lowered expectations, risk for depression, and reports of family life changing for the worse were predicted at both time periods. When change in hostility was modeled with college hostility, all risk indicators were significantly predicted by college hostility. CONCLUSIONS: High hostility in college and change in hostility from college to midlife predicts a full range of health risk indicators. When compared with the average population decline in hostility, gains in hostility at midlife are related to increased risk while declines in hostility are related to reduced risk. Higher midlife hostility is associated with increased odds of being in the higher risk group. Future research should focus on developing interventions to reduce hostility.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000088583.25140.9c}, Key = {fds277311} } @article{fds277221, Author = {Brenner, SL and Head, SB and Helms, MJ and Williams, RB and Williams, VP}, Title = {A Videotape Module to Teach Assertion Skills}, Journal = {Journal of Applied Social Psychology}, Volume = {33}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1140-1152}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01942.x}, Abstract = {A LifeSkills© video module to teach assertion has been developed that uses dramatizations of the effective and ineffective ways to respond to a provocation. Normal volunteers were randomly assigned to watch the assertion video (n = 50) or a control instructional video (n = 53). Participants completed pre-/post-assessment batteries that tested their knowledge of the steps of assertion and their ability to apply this knowledge in response to 3 written scenarios. The answers were scored for both the presence of aggression and the use of assertion. Participants randomized to the assertion video showed larger increases in assertion and decreases in aggression compared to controls, indicating that a video dramatizing the use of assertion can be a practical and effective means of improving assertion skills, with decreased aggression a potential added benefit.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01942.x}, Key = {fds277221} } @article{fds277294, Author = {Williams, RB and Marchuk, DA and Gadde, KM and Barefoot, JC and Grichnik, K and Helms, MJ and Kuhn, CM and Lewis, JG and Schanberg, SM and Stafford-Smith, M and Suarez, EC and Clary, GL and Svenson, IK and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and central nervous system serotonin function.}, Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, Volume = {28}, Number = {3}, Pages = {533-541}, Year = {2003}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0893-133X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12629534}, Abstract = {Central nervous system (CNS) serotonergic function affects a wide range of biological and behavioral functions affecting health and disease. Our objective in this study was to determine whether functional polymorphisms of the genes that encode for the serotonin transporter promoter (5HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-uVNTR) are associated with CNS serotonin turnover-indexed by cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)-in a community sample of healthy adults. Subjects were 165 community volunteers without current medical or psychiatric illness, stratified with respect to ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status who underwent inpatient evaluation in the General Clinical Research Center of a university medical center. A significant ethnicity x genotype interaction (P=0.008) indicated that, compared to the long/long and long/short genotypes, the 5HTTLPR short/short genotype was associated with higher CSF 5-HIAA levels in African Americans, but with lower levels in Caucasians. A gender x genotype interaction (P=0.04) indicated that 5HTTLPR short/short genotype was associated with higher 5-HIAA levels in women but with lower levels in men. MAOA-uVNTR 3.5 and 4 repeat alleles were associated with higher 5-HIAA (P=0.03) levels in men, but were unrelated to 5-HIAA levels in women. These findings suggest that effects of serotonin-related gene polymorphisms on CNS serotonergic function vary as a function of both ethnicity and gender. Further research will be required to determine the mechanism(s) underlying these differential effects. In the meanwhile, both ethnicity and gender should be taken into account in research evaluating effects of these and related polymorphisms on CNS serotonergic function, as well as the broad range of biological and behavioral functions that are regulated by CNS serotonergic function.}, Doi = {10.1038/sj.npp.1300054}, Key = {fds277294} } @article{fds277222, Author = {Roy, A and Bissette, G and Williams, R and Berman, J and Gonzalez, B}, Title = {CSF CRH in abstinent cocaine-dependent patients.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Research}, Volume = {117}, Number = {3}, Pages = {277-280}, Year = {2003}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00040-4}, Abstract = {Alterations in stress responsivity may be important in the vulnerability to become cocaine dependent. Thus, an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function was examined in abstinent cocaine-dependent patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of corticotropin releasing factor (CRH) were determined in 29 abstinent cocaine-dependent patients and 66 normal controls. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the abstinent cocaine-dependent patients and normal controls for CSF CRH. Also, CSF CRH concentrations were not related to cocaine-craving scores in a cue-elicited cocaine-craving procedure. Thus, these data suggest that after protracted abstinence from cocaine there is no marked dysregulation of CRH systems as measured by CSF CRH concentrations.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00040-4}, Key = {fds277222} } @article{fds277359, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Mark, DB and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Effect of smoking and sedentary behavior on the association between depressive symptoms and mortality from coronary heart disease.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {92}, Number = {5}, Pages = {529-532}, Year = {2003}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12943871}, Abstract = {It has been suggested that one of the mechanisms linking depression with elevated mortality risk is the association between depressive symptoms and other established coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, such as smoking and failure to exercise. The present study examined this hypothesis using repeated assessments of smoking and exercise from patients with CAD in whom depressive symptoms had been shown to predict decreased survival. Initially, associations between depressive symptoms and the risk factors of smoking and sedentary behavior were assessed. Next, patterns of smoking and sedentary behavior were examined as mediators and/or moderators of the association between depressive symptoms and mortality. Depressive symptoms were positively related to smoking (p <0.01) and sedentary behavior (p <0.01). Depressive symptoms, smoking, and sedentary behavior were independent predictors of mortality. Results indicated that smoking and/or sedentary behavior may partially mediate the relation between depressive symptoms and mortality. No evidence for moderation was found.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00719-7}, Key = {fds277359} } @article{fds277224, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Invited commentary: socioeconomic status, hostility, and health behaviors--does it matter which comes first?}, Journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology}, Volume = {158}, Number = {8}, Pages = {743-746}, Year = {2003}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0002-9262}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561663}, Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwg205}, Key = {fds277224} } @article{fds277223, Author = {Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Schneiderman, N}, Title = {Psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease: more than one culprit at work.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {290}, Number = {16}, Pages = {2190-2192}, Year = {2003}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.16.2190}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.290.16.2190}, Key = {fds277223} } @article{fds277254, Author = {Burroughs, AR and Visscher, WA and Haney, TL and Efland, JR and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Community recruitment process by race, gender, and SES gradient: lessons learned from the Community Health and Stress Evaluation (CHASE) Study experience.}, Journal = {Journal of Community Health}, Volume = {28}, Number = {6}, Pages = {421-437}, Year = {2003}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0094-5145}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14620965}, Abstract = {Recruitment of community participants for clinical research studies is a challenging task. When possible, community-based recruitment efforts should involve members of the targeted community in the planning, community preparation, and actual recruitment process. It becomes even more difficult to recruit study participants from the community when the research involves an invasive procedure, or when diverse target groups require that a variety of recruitment methods be used. The Community Health and Stress Evaluation (CHASE) Study was designed to determine the role of psychosocial and biobehavioral factors in the etiology of coronary heart disease. It involved both an invasive medical procedure (a spinal tap) and the collection of survey and medical information from Black and White persons in different socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Interestingly, we experienced the greatest difficulty in recruiting lower SES white persons, while groups that typically are "difficult to find" (such as Blacks) were actually easiest to recruit for the study. This paper describes the background of the CHASE study, the community recruitment methods used, and the results of the recruitment efforts by race, gender and SES gradient. We present an evaluation of the community recruitment component, why we think differences occurred, and the lessons learned from the experiences that may be applied to similar studies.}, Doi = {10.1023/a:1026029723762}, Key = {fds277254} } @article{fds277225, Author = {Schneiderman, N and Saab, PG and Catellier, DJ and Powell, LH and DeBusk, RF and Williams, RB and Carney, RM and Raczynski, JM and Cowan, MJ and Berkman, LF and Kaufmann, PG and ENRICHD Investigators}, Title = {Psychosocial treatment within sex by ethnicity subgroups in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease clinical trial.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {66}, Number = {4}, Pages = {475-483}, Year = {2004}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000133217.96180.e8}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Intervening in depression and/or low perceived social support within 28 days after myocardial infarction (MI) in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial did not increase event-free survival. The purpose of the present investigation was to conduct post hoc analyses on sex and ethnic minority subgroups to assess whether any treatment subgroup is at reduced or increased risk of greater morbidity/mortality. METHODS: The 2481 patients with MI (973 white men, 424 minority men, 674 white women, 410 minority women) who had major or minor depression and/or low perceived social support were randomly allocated to usual medical care or cognitive behavior therapy. Total mortality or recurrent nonfatal MI (ENRICHD primary endpoint) and cardiac mortality or recurrent nonfatal MI (secondary endpoint) were analyzed as composite endpoints by group for time to first event using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: There was a trend in the direction of treatment efficacy for white men for the primary endpoint (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.05; p =.10) and a significant (p <.006, Bonferroni corrected) effect for the secondary endpoint (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87; p =.004). In contrast, the HRs for each of the other three subgroups were nonsignificant. The magnitude of differences in treatment effects between white men and the other subgroups remained significant for the secondary endpoint (p =.04) after adjustment for age, education, living alone, antidepressant use, comorbidity score, cardiac catheterization, ejection fraction, history of hypertension, and major depression. CONCLUSIONS: White men, but not other subgroups, may have benefited from the ENRICHD intervention, suggesting that future studies need to attend to issues of treatment design and delivery that may have prevented benefit among sex and ethnic subgroups other than white men.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000133217.96180.e8}, Key = {fds277225} } @article{fds277310, Author = {Boyle, SH and Williams, RB and Mark, DB and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Helms, MJ and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Hostility as a predictor of survival in patients with coronary artery disease.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {66}, Number = {5}, Pages = {629-632}, Year = {2004}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15385683}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article presents a reanalysis of an earlier study that reported a nonsignificant relation between the 50-item Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS) and survival in a sample of coronary patients. Since publication of those results, there have been significant developments in the measurement of hostility that suggest that an abbreviated scale may be a better predictor of health outcomes. This study examined the ability of the total CMHS and an abbreviated form of the CMHS (ACM) to predict survival in a sample of patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) with increased statistical power. METHODS: Nine hundred thirty-six patients (83% were male; mean age = 51.48) with CAD who were followed for an average of 14.9 years. The ACM consisted of the combination of the cynicism, hostile attribution, hostile affect, and aggressive responding subscales that were identified in an earlier study (Barefoot et al. [1989]) by a rational analysis of the item content. The relation between hostility and survival was examined with Cox proportional hazard models (hazard ratios [HRs] based on a two standard deviation difference). RESULTS: Controlling for disease severity, the ACM was a significant predictor for both CHD mortality (HR = 1.33, p <.009) and total mortality (HR = 1.28, p <.02). The total CMHS was only a marginally significant predictor of either outcome (p values < 0.06). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that hostility is associated with poorer survival in CAD patients, and it may be possible to refine measures of hostility in order to improve prediction of health outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000138122.93942.4a}, Key = {fds277310} } @article{fds277349, Author = {Merritt, MM and Bennett, GG and Williams, RB and Sollers, JJ and Thayer, JF}, Title = {Low educational attainment, John Henryism, and cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from personally relevant stress.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {66}, Number = {1}, Pages = {49-55}, Year = {2004}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14747637}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The John Henryism hypothesis proposes that a high level of John Henryism (JH: high-effort coping with psychosocial demands) is predictive of hypertension at low but not high socioeconomic status (SES). The objectives of the present study were to determine whether high JH and low SES (education, income, job status, and job strain) were associated with increased cardiovascular responses to laboratory social stressors. METHODS: Subjects were 58 normotensive, healthy black men age 23 to 47 years. The procedure included the completion of psychosocial questionnaires and participation in a psychophysiological reactivity protocol. The reactivity protocol involved the following experimental tasks and associated recovery periods: an active speech task and an anger recall task. Measures of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product (RPP) were obtained continuously using a Finapres beat-to-beat blood pressure monitor throughout the reactivity protocol. RESULTS: At high JH, low (compared with high) education level was linked with higher DBP during anger recall and final recovery, higher SBP during final recovery, and higher HR and RPP during speech preparation and final recovery (p <.05). Among subjects with low education, high (vs. low) JH was associated with higher SBP, HR, and RPP during final recovery (p <.05). CONCLUSIONS: John Henryism may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease among people with low education by increased cardiovascular reactivity and prolonged recovery to stress.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000107909.74904.3d}, Key = {fds277349} } @article{fds277227, Author = {Orth-Gomér, K and Albus, C and Bagés, N and DeBacker, G and Deter, H-C and Herrmann-Lingen, C and Oldenburg, B and Sans, S and Williams, RB and Schneiderman, N}, Title = {Psychosocial considerations in the European guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice: Third Joint Task Force.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {12}, Number = {3}, Pages = {132-141}, Year = {2005}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1203_2}, Abstract = {The International Society of Behavioral Medicine (ISBM) was one of eight societies that comprised the Third Task Force of European and Other Societies on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Clinical Practice (2003-2004). This task force considered published knowledge from diverse fields related to preventive cardiology including behavioral medicine to improve risk estimation and risk factor management. The scientific evidence supporting the guidelines included findings on low socioeconomic status, social isolation, psychosocial stress, hostility, depression and negative affect, the clustering of psychosocial and lifestyle risk factors, and lifestyle psychosocial interventions. Recommendations for promoting behavior change and management of psychosocial and lifestyle factors in clinical practice include strategies for promoting healthy lifestyle, improving health care provider-patient interactions, implementing multimodal interventions, and managing psychosocial risk factors.}, Doi = {10.1207/s15327558ijbm1203_2}, Key = {fds277227} } @article{fds277315, Author = {Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Rohe, WM and Barefoot, JC and Vitaliano, PP and Surwit, RS and Feinglos, MN and Williams, RB}, Title = {Neighborhood characteristics moderate effects of caregiving on glucose functioning.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {67}, Number = {5}, Pages = {752-758}, Year = {2005}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16204434}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Adverse neighborhood environments and caregiving for a relative with dementia are both stressors that have been associated with poor health. The present study examined the extent to which three self-report measures of neighborhood characteristics interact with caregiving status (caregiver versus noncaregiver) to modify an important stress related health outcome: plasma glucose. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 147 community recruited caregivers and 147 participants who did not have caregiving responsibilities. We hypothesized that negative neighborhood characteristics would magnify effects of caregiving on plasma glucose levels. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the interaction of three neighborhood characteristic measures with caregiving status in predicting fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c), with control for age, race, gender, relation to care recipient (spouse or relative), body mass index, income, and education. RESULTS: Of the three neighborhood measures, the one reflecting crime concerns significantly moderated the effect of caregiving on FPG (p < .002) and HbA1c (p < .001). For participants with better neighborhood characteristics, caregivers and noncaregivers were similar with respect to indicators of glucose metabolism; however, for participants with worse neighborhood characteristics, caregivers had higher levels of FPG and HbA1c, as compared with noncaregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Poor health outcomes, such as impaired glucose control, may be found among caregivers who fear neighborhood crime.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000174171.24930.11}, Key = {fds277315} } @article{fds277360, Author = {Brummett, BH and Mark, DB and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Babyak, MA and Clapp-Channing, NE and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Perceived social support as a predictor of mortality in coronary patients: effects of smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {67}, Number = {1}, Pages = {40-45}, Year = {2005}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15673622}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have shown network assessments of social contact predict mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Fewer studies have demonstrated an association between perceived social support and longevity in patient samples. It has been suggested that 1 of the mechanisms linking social support with elevated risk for mortality is the association between social support and other risk factors associated with decreased longevity such as smoking, failure to exercise, and depressive symptoms. The present study examined an assessment of perceived support as a predictor of all-cause and CAD mortality and examined the hypothesis that smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms may mediate and/or moderate this association. METHODS: Ratings of social support and the risk factors of smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms were examined as predictors of survival in 2711 patients with CAD, and associations between support and these risk factors were assessed. Smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms were examined as mediators and/or moderators of the association between social support and mortality. RESULTS: Social support, smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms were predictors of mortality (p's <.01). Results also indicated that sedentary behavior, but not smoking status or depressive symptoms, may substantially mediate the relationship between support and mortality. No evidence for moderation was found. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between social support and longevity may be partially accounted for by the association between support and sedentary behavior.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000149257.74854.b7}, Key = {fds277360} } @article{fds277226, Author = {Albus, C and De Backer and G and Bages, N and Deter, H-C and Herrmann-Lingen, C and Oldenburg, B and Sans, S and Schneiderman, N and Williams, RB and Orth-Gomer, K}, Title = {[Psychosocial factors in coronary heart disease -- scientific evidence and recommendations for clinical practice].}, Journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, Volume = {67}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-8}, Year = {2005}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0941-3790}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-813907}, Abstract = {Psychosocial risk factors like low socio-economic status, lack of social support and social isolation, chronic work or family stress, as well as negative emotions, e. g. depression and hostility, contribute significantly to the development and adverse outcome of coronary heart disease (CHD). Negative effects of psychosocial risk factors are conveyed via behavioural pathways including unhealthy lifestyle, e. g. food choice, smoking, sedentary life, inadequate utilisation of medical resources, and psychobiological mechanisms like disturbed autonomic and hormonal regulation: all these factors contribute to metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory and haemostatic processes, which are directly involved in the pathogenesis of CHD. Interventions to improve pychosocial factors are available and have demonstrated positive effects on risk factors and - at least in part - on CHD morbidity and mortality. The prevention of CHD should therefore include screening for psychosocial risk factors and adequate interventions. Recommedations for the screening of risk factors, behavioural change and further management of psychosocial risk factors in clinical practice are pointed out.}, Doi = {10.1055/s-2004-813907}, Key = {fds277226} } @article{fds277301, Author = {Zhang, X and Gainetdinov, RR and Beaulieu, J-M and Sotnikova, TD and Burch, LH and Williams, RB and Schwartz, DA and Krishnan, KRR and Caron, MG}, Title = {Loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression.}, Journal = {Neuron}, Volume = {45}, Number = {1}, Pages = {11-16}, Year = {2005}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0896-6273}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15629698}, Abstract = {Dysregulation of central serotonin neurotransmission has been widely suspected as an important contributor to major depression. Here, we identify a (G1463A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the rate-limiting enzyme of neuronal serotonin synthesis, human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (hTPH2). The functional SNP in hTPH2 replaces the highly conserved Arg441 with His, which results in approximately 80% loss of function in serotonin production when hTPH2 is expressed in PC12 cells. Strikingly, SNP analysis in a cohort of 87 patients with unipolar major depression revealed that nine patients carried the mutant (1463A) allele, while among 219 controls, three subjects carried this mutation. In addition, this functional SNP was not found in a cohort of 60 bipolar disorder patients. Identification of a loss-of-function mutation in hTPH2 suggests that defect in brain serotonin synthesis may represent an important risk factor for unipolar major depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.014}, Key = {fds277301} } @article{fds277312, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Mark, DB and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Ratings of positive and depressive emotion as predictors of mortality in coronary patients.}, Journal = {International Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {100}, Number = {2}, Pages = {213-216}, Year = {2005}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0167-5273}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15823627}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: An extensive body of research has demonstrated an association between negative affective states and health outcomes. Positive emotions may also influence physical health, however, their examination has received far less attention. METHODS: Positive and depressive emotion ratings were examined as independent and joint predictors of survival in a sample of 866 cardiac catheterization patients. The mean follow-up was 11.4 years, during which 415 deaths occurred. The mean age of the sample was 60.3 years and 74.3% of the sample were males. RESULTS: Both positive and depressive ratings were associated with survival (hazard ratio=0.80, 95% CI=0.66-0.97, p<0.025 and hazard ratio=1.32, 95% CI=1.13-1.54, p<0.001, respectively), adjusted for risk factors. Positive emotion ratings were no longer significantly related to mortality when the two emotion measures were simultaneously included in a survival model. CONCLUSION: The current findings are consistent with a theory that suggests that the relation between positive emotion and mortality may be partly mediated by depressive emotion.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.06.016}, Key = {fds277312} } @article{fds277313, Author = {Boyle, SH and Williams, RB and Mark, DB and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Hostility, age, and mortality in a sample of cardiac patients.}, Journal = {The American Journal of Cardiology}, Volume = {96}, Number = {1}, Pages = {64-66}, Year = {2005}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0002-9149}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15979435}, Abstract = {This study examined hostility as a predictor of survival in a sample of 1,328 patients who had documented coronary artery disease. After controlling for disease severity, there was a significant interaction between age and hostility. Hostility was significantly associated with poorer survival but only in younger (<61.2 years) patients.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.02.046}, Key = {fds277313} } @article{fds277314, Author = {Dilworth-Anderson, P and Brummett, BH and Goodwin, P and Williams, SW and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Effect of race on cultural justifications for caregiving.}, Journal = {The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences}, Volume = {60}, Number = {5}, Pages = {S257-S262}, Year = {2005}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16131626}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Our objective in this study was to explore the effects of caregiver characteristics on cultural reasons given for providing care to dependent elderly family members. METHODS: The sample included 48 African American and 121 White caregivers. Using multivariate analyses, we used caregiver characteristics (e.g., race, gender, education) to predict scores on the Cultural Justifications for Caregiving Scale (CJCS). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the CJCS was appropriate for both African American and White caregivers. African Americans had stronger cultural reasons for providing care than Whites, education levels were inversely related to CJCS scores, and the influences of gender and age on cultural reasons were moderated by race. Compared to females, African American males had lower CJCS scores, whereas White males had higher CJCS scores. Younger as compared to older White caregivers had higher CJCS scores. DISCUSSION: This study supports the long-standing cultural tradition of African American families providing care to dependent elders. Cultural reasons for caregiving need to be interpreted within the context of race and gender socialization. Social roles, such as husband or wife, son or daughter, can also help determine how individuals within a particular cultural group experience cultural expectations and obligations. Information from this study can inform culturally appropriate caregiving interventions.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/60.5.s257}, Key = {fds277314} } @article{fds277228, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Treating depression after myocardial infarction: can selecting patients on the basis of genetic susceptibility improve psychiatric and medical outcomes?}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {150}, Number = {4}, Pages = {617-619}, Year = {2005}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.028}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2005.04.028}, Key = {fds277228} } @article{fds326260, Author = {Zhang, X and Gainetdinov, RR and Beaulieu, J-M and Sotnikova, TD and Burch, LH and Williams, RB and Schwartz, DA and Krishnan, KRR and Caron, MG}, Title = {Response to Correspondence: Loss-of-Function Mutation in Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Identified in Unipolar Major Depression}, Journal = {Neuron}, Volume = {48}, Number = {5}, Pages = {705-706}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2005}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.021}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.021}, Key = {fds326260} } @article{fds277302, Author = {Zhou, Z and Peters, EJ and Hamilton, SP and McMahon, F and Thomas, C and McGrath, PJ and Rush, J and Trivedi, MH and Charney, DS and Roy, A and Wisniewski, S and Lipsky, R and Goldman, D}, Title = {Response to Zhang et al. (2005): loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression. Neuron 45, 11-16.}, Journal = {Neuron}, Volume = {48}, Number = {5}, Pages = {702-703}, Year = {2005}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0896-6273}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.018}, Doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.018}, Key = {fds277302} } @article{fds277277, Author = {Kirby, ED and Williams, VP and Hocking, MC and Lane, JD and Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychosocial benefits of three formats of a standardized behavioral stress management program.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {68}, Number = {6}, Pages = {816-823}, Year = {2006}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132834}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial factors are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in healthy and clinical populations. Behavioral interventions are needed to train the large number of people in the community setting who are affected by stressors to use coping skills that will reduce these risk factors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of three forms of delivery of a standardized, behavioral intervention-the Williams LifeSkills program-designed to reduce levels of psychosocial risk factors in nonclinical populations. METHODS: One hundred ninety-six participants screening positive for elevated psychosocial distress were randomized to either a waitlist control group or one of three intervention groups: the LifeSkills Workshop, the LifeSkills Video, or the LifeSkills Video and Workshop combined. Psychosocial risk factors were evaluated at baseline and at 10 days, 2 months, and 6 months after the training/wait period. RESULTS: At 10 days follow up, the workshop + video and video-only groups showed significant improvements over control subjects in trait anxiety and perceived stress. Moreover, the workshop + video group maintained benefit over control subjects throughout 6 months follow up in both of these measures, whereas the video-only group maintained benefit in trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Because the psychosocial well-being of two of the treated groups improved over that of the control group, it appears that the Williams LifeSkills program accelerates and maintains a normal return to low distress after a stressful time. This is the first study to show that a commercially available, facilitator- or self-administered behavioral training product can have significant beneficial effects on psychosocial well-being in a healthy community sample.}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000238452.81926.d3}, Key = {fds277277} } @article{fds277230, Author = {Schneiderman, N and Williams, RB}, Title = {The great debate editorial, revisited [1]}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {68}, Number = {4}, Pages = {636-638}, Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, Year = {2006}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000227691.88628.69}, Doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000227691.88628.69}, Key = {fds277230} } @article{fds277229, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Blood pressure reactivity to psychological stress: a new risk factor for coronary disease?}, Journal = {Hypertension}, Volume = {47}, Number = {3}, Pages = {329-330}, Year = {2006}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0194-911X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000200688.37802.01}, Doi = {10.1161/01.HYP.0000200688.37802.01}, Key = {fds277229} } @article{fds277361, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Vitaliano, PP and Ballard, EL and Gwyther, LP and Williams, RB}, Title = {Associations among perceptions of social support, negative affect, and quality of sleep in caregivers and noncaregivers.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {220-225}, Year = {2006}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16569114}, Abstract = {The authors used structural equation modeling to examine associations among perceptions of negative affect, social support, and quality of sleep in a sample of caregivers (n = 175) and noncaregiver control participants (n = 169). The authors hypothesized that caregiver status would be related to sleep quality directly and also indirectly by way of negative affect and social support. This hypothesis was partially supported in that caregiving was found to be indirectly related to sleep quality. However, after accounting for the indirect effects of negative affect and social support, the direct effect of caregiving on sleep quality was no longer statistically significant. The structural model accounted for approximately 43% of the variance in sleep quality. The present findings may be useful in the development of successful sleep interventions for caregivers.}, Doi = {10.1037/0278-6133.25.2.220}, Key = {fds277361} } @article{fds277350, Author = {Merritt, MM and Bennett, GG and Williams, RB and Edwards, CL and Sollers, JJ}, Title = {Perceived racism and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to personally relevant stress.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {25}, Number = {3}, Pages = {364-369}, Year = {2006}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16719608}, Abstract = {This study evaluated cardiovascular responses (CVR) to an active speech task with blatantly discriminatory (BRC) versus neutral (NRC) stimuli and an anger recall task in a sample of Black men (N = 73; age 18 to 47). Diastolic blood pressure scores were higher for NRC versus BRC stimuli during anger recall (p = .05). Moreover, persons in the NRC group who perceived high levels of racism (vs. no racism or BRC group) during active speech showed larger increases in blood pressure across postspeech rest, anger recall, and subsequent rest (p = .03). The notable elevation in CVR in response to an ambiguous event extends current models of racism suggesting that subtle racism is a psychosocial stressor that erodes health through chronically elevated CVR.}, Doi = {10.1037/0278-6133.25.3.364}, Key = {fds277350} } @article{fds277362, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC and Costa, PT and Siegler, IC}, Title = {NEO personality domains and gender predict levels and trends in body mass index over 14 years during midlife}, Journal = {Journal of Research in Personality}, Volume = {40}, Number = {3}, Pages = {222-236}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2006}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0092-6566}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.12.002}, Abstract = {Mixed models were used to examine NEO-PI scores as predictors of body mass index (BMI) over a 14 year period during midlife. Average BMI levels during midlife were positively related to Neuroticism and negatively related to Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Relations for three domains were modified by gender. Neuroticism was significantly related to BMI in females only. Extraversion was positively related to BMI in males, whereas, this relation was non-significant in females. The relation between Conscientiousness and BMI was significant in males and females, however, the magnitude of the negative association was stronger in females. Conscientiousness also predicted change in BMI during midlife such that participants who were lower in Conscientiousness tended to show larger gains in BMI with age. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jrp.2004.12.002}, Key = {fds277362} } @article{fds326042, Author = {Surwit, RS and Kuhn, CM and Helms, MJ and Siegler, IC and Feinglos, MN and Williams, RB}, Title = {MAO-uVNTR is related to CNS serotonergic function, glucose metabolism, BMI, and hostility}, Journal = {Diabetes}, Volume = {55}, Pages = {A431-A431}, Publisher = {AMER DIABETES ASSOC}, Year = {2006}, Month = {June}, Key = {fds326042} } @article{fds277368, Author = {Brummett, BH and Krystal, AD and Ashley-Koch, A and Kuhn, CM and Züchner, S and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Ballard, EL and Gwyther, LP and Williams, RB}, Title = {Sleep quality varies as a function of 5-HTTLPR genotype and stress.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {69}, Number = {7}, Pages = {621-624}, Year = {2007}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17766685}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that allelic variation in 5HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype was associated with sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) as a main effect and as moderated by the chronic stress of caregiving. Serotonin (5HT) is involved in sleep regulation and the 5HT transporter (5HTT) regulates 5HT function. A common 44-base pair deletion (s allele) polymorphism in the 5-HTTLPR is associated with reduced 5HTT transcription efficiency and 5HT uptake in vitro. METHODS: Subjects were 142 adult primary caregivers for a spouse or parent with dementia and 146 noncaregiver controls. Subjects underwent genotyping and completed the PSQI. RESULTS: Variation in 5-HTTLPR genotype was not related to sleep quality as a main effect (p > .36). However, there was a caregiver X 5-HTTLPR interaction (p < .009), such that the s allele was associated with poorer sleep quality in caregivers as compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the s allele may moderate sleep disturbance in response to chronic stress.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e31814b8de6}, Key = {fds277368} } @article{fds277263, Author = {Jonassaint, CR and Boyle, SH and Williams, RB and Mark, DB and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Facets of openness predict mortality in patients with cardiac disease.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {69}, Number = {4}, Pages = {319-322}, Year = {2007}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510289}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI) Openness to Experience (O) domain and its facets as predictors of cardiac deaths and all-cause mortality. METHODS: The NEO PI was administered to a sample of 977 coronary catheterization patients with significant coronary artery disease. Over an average 15-year follow-up period, 266 cardiac deaths and 463 total deaths occurred. The relationships of O scores to mortality were examined with Cox proportional hazard models. Each model included age, left ventricular ejection fraction, severity of congestive heart failure, and number of diseased vessels as covariates. RESULTS: The O domain score was not associated with all-cause mortality and only approached significance for decreased cardiac deaths (p = .055). However, a higher score for Openness to Feelings was associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death (p < .01) and all-cause mortality (p < .01). High Openness to Actions was also associated with decreased cardiac mortality (p < .01) and all-cause mortality (p = .03) risk. Higher Openness to Aesthetics and Ideas were only associated with decreased cardiac death risk (both p values <.04). In contrast, Openness to Fantasy and Values were not associated with longevity. Previous evidence suggested that educational achievement may account for the effects of Openness to Experience on mortality; however, controlling for educational achievement did not change the results. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that greater emotional awareness and high curiosity, as indicated by the NEO PI Feelings and Actions facets, are associated with increased patient longevity independently of other risk factors and educational achievement.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e318052e27d}, Key = {fds277263} } @article{fds277367, Author = {Brummett, BH and Krystal, AD and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, C and Surwit, RS and Züchner, S and Ashley-Koch, A and Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Associations of a regulatory polymorphism of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR) with symptoms of depression and sleep quality.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {69}, Number = {5}, Pages = {396-401}, Year = {2007}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17585061}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships among the variable number of tandem repeats in the monoamine oxidase-A linked polymorphic region allelic variation (MAOA-uVNTR) and the symptoms of depression and sleep quality. The monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene, which plays a vital role in degradation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, contains a polymorphism in its promoter region (MAOA-uVNTR) that affects transcriptional efficiency. MAOA-uVNTR genotype has been associated with both psychological and physical measures. METHODS: The sample consisted of 74 males enrolled in a case/control study of caregivers for relatives with dementia. Age- and race-adjusted linear regression models were used to examine the association between low versus high MAOA-uVNTR activity alleles, symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression), and sleep quality ratings (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). RESULTS: MAOA-uVNTR alleles associated with less transcriptional activity were related to increased symptoms of depression (p < .04; Cohen's d = 0.52) and poorer sleep quality (p < .04; Cohen's d = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with less active MAOA-uVNTR alleles may be at increased risk for depressive symptoms and poor sleep.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e31806d040b}, Key = {fds277367} } @article{fds277231, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Lower central nervous system serotonergic function and risk of cardiovascular disease: where are we, what's next?}, Journal = {Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation}, Volume = {38}, Number = {8}, Pages = {2213-2214}, Year = {2007}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0039-2499}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.494088}, Doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.494088}, Key = {fds277231} } @article{fds277232, Author = {Kopp, MS and Skrabski, A and Székely, A and Stauder, A and Williams, R}, Title = {Chronic stress and social changes: socioeconomic determination of chronic stress.}, Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, Volume = {1113}, Pages = {325-338}, Year = {2007}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0077-8923}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1391.006}, Abstract = {In the last decades in the transforming societies of Central and Eastern Europe, premature mortality increased dramatically, especially among men. Increasing disparities in socioeconomic conditions have been accompanied by a widening socioeconomic gradient in mortality among men. Social cohesion and meaning in life may help to counterbalance the widening gap in material circumstances. Not the difficult social situation in itself, but the subjective experience of relative disadvantage, the prolonged negative emotional state, that is, chronic stress seems to be the most important risk factor. The health consequences of a low socioeconomic situation among men might be mostly explained by chronic stress caused by work and close-partner-related factors, and the toxic components of this interaction are depression and hopelessness. In the case of women, the broader personal and family relations are the most important health-related factors. Weekend workload, low social support at work and low control at work accounted for a large part of variation in male premature cardiovascular mortality rates, whereas job insecurity, high weekend workload, and low control at work contribute most markedly to variations in premature cardiovascular mortality rates among women. There are two general approaches that scientists and practitioners might take: train individuals and groups to use skills that will enable them to cope better with the stressful conditions that are damaging their health; and lobby governments to adopt policies that will result in decreased chronic stress on the societal level.}, Doi = {10.1196/annals.1391.006}, Key = {fds277232} } @article{fds277316, Author = {Boyle, SH and Surwit, RS and Georgiades, A and Brummett, BH and Helms, MJ and Williams, RB and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Depressive symptoms, race, and glucose concentrations: the role of cortisol as mediator.}, Journal = {Diabetes Care}, Volume = {30}, Number = {10}, Pages = {2484-2488}, Year = {2007}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630268}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the associations of depressive symptoms with glucose concentrations and morning cortisol levels in 665 African-American and 4,216 Caucasian Vietnam-era veterans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glucose level was measured as a three-level variable (diabetes, impaired glucose, and normal). Depressive symptoms were measured by the Obvious Depression Scale (OBD) from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. RESULTS: Regression models showed significant race x OBD interactions in relation to glucose concentration (P < 0.0001) and cortisol (P < 0.0001). The OBD was positively associated with glucose concentration and cortisol in both racial groups. However, the magnitude of those associations was larger for African Americans. Further analyses suggested that cortisol partially mediated the race difference in the relation of depressive symptoms to glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that enhanced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal activity plays an important role in the relation of depressive symptoms to dysregulated glucose metabolism and may partially explain the differential effects of depressive symptoms on glucose levels in African-American and Caucasian male subjects.}, Doi = {10.2337/dc07-0258}, Key = {fds277316} } @article{fds277351, Author = {Richman, LS and Bennett, GG and Pek, J and Siegler, I and Williams, RB}, Title = {Discrimination, dispositions, and cardiovascular responses to stress.}, Journal = {Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {26}, Number = {6}, Pages = {675-683}, Year = {2007}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18020838}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Recent research suggests that past exposure to discrimination may influence perceptions of, and physiological responses to, new challenges. The authors examined how race and trait levels of hostility and optimism interact with past exposure to discrimination to predict physiological reactivity and recovery during an anger recall task. DESIGN: A community sample of 165 normotensive Black and White adults participated in an anger recall task while having their cardiovascular function monitored. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure and heart rate indicators of physiological reactivity and recovery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Participants had higher reactivity and slower recovery to the anger recall task when they had high past discrimination, low cynicism, or high optimism. The pattern of effects was similar for both racial groups, but Blacks had more acute reactivity and slower recovery than Whites. These results are consistent with the perspective of discrimination as a chronic stressor that is related to acute stress responses, particularly for Blacks.}, Doi = {10.1037/0278-6133.26.6.675}, Key = {fds277351} } @article{fds277233, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Psychosocial and biobehavioral factors and their interplay in coronary heart disease.}, Journal = {Annual Review of Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {4}, Pages = {349-365}, Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS}, Year = {2008}, ISSN = {1548-5943}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716037}, Abstract = {Recent epidemiological research has confirmed that psychosocial factors are associated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), a major cause of death and disability worldwide. This association is probably mediated by changes in health risk behaviors and neuroendocrine and autonomic functions that affect metabolic, hemostatic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular functions that are the proximal agents in CHD pathogenesis over time as well as the precipitation of acute disease events. Recent developments in genomics have now made it possible to begin the process of identifying specific genetic variants that act either independently or via moderation of the impact of exposures to stressful environmental situations to increase the expression of these health-damaging psychosocial factors and the accompanying behavioral and physiological changes that lead to disease. It will be possible ultimately to use the knowledge emerging from research on gene x environment interactions that affect expression of psychosocial risk factors, health risk behaviors, and biological changes inside the body to speed the development of a new field of prospective medicine-a field where instead of spending the majority of health care resources on the treatment of chronic diseases at the end of life, it will be possible to allocate more resources to develop, test, and implement earlier in the disease process cost-effective, proactive interventions that target persons at high risk.}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141237}, Key = {fds277233} } @article{fds277234, Author = {Campo, AE and Williams, V and Williams, RB and Segundo, MA and Lydston, D and Weiss, SM}, Title = {Effects of LifeSkills training on medical students' performance in dealing with complex clinical cases.}, Journal = {Academic Psychiatry : the Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry}, Volume = {32}, Number = {3}, Pages = {188-193}, Year = {2008}, ISSN = {1042-9670}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.32.3.188}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Sound clinical judgment is the cornerstone of medical practice and begins early during medical education. The authors consider the effect of personality characteristics (hostility, anger, cynicism) on clinical judgment and whether a brief intervention can affect this process. METHODS: Two sophomore medical classes (experimental, comparison) were assessed on several personality dimensions and responded to a series of clinical vignettes. The experimental group received cognitive behavior training to improve stress, coping, and interpersonal skills. Participants were reassessed within 1 week of the initial assessment. RESULTS: Significant associations between hostility and cynicism and maladaptive responses to the clinical vignettes were noted. Following the intervention, hostility, cynicism, anger, and aggression were significantly reduced, with concomitant reductions in maladaptive decision-making. CONCLUSION: The relationship between the quality of clinical decision-making and personality characteristics was confirmed. The potential to modify this relationship using a brief cognitive behavior intervention suggests that such interventions should be an essential component of medical education.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ap.32.3.188}, Key = {fds277234} } @article{fds277369, Author = {Williams, RB and Marchuk, DA and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Helms, MJ and Brummett, BH and Surwit, RS and Lane, JD and Kuhn, CM and Gadde, KM and Ashley-Koch, A and Svenson, IK and Suarez, EC and Schanberg, SM}, Title = {Childhood socioeconomic status and serotonin transporter gene polymorphism enhance cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {70}, Number = {1}, Pages = {32-39}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18158371}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that low socioeconomic status (SES) and the 5HTTLPR L allele are associated with increased cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress in a larger sample and that SES and 5HTTLPR genotypes interact to enhance CVR to stress. CVR to mental stress has been proposed as one mechanism linking stress to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The more transcriptionally efficient long (L) allele of a polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR) has been found associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. We found the long allele associated with larger CVR to mental stress in a preliminary study of 54 normal volunteers. METHODS: Subjects included 165 normal community volunteers stratified for race, gender, and SES, who underwent mental stress testing. RESULTS: Childhood SES as indexed by Father's Education Level was associated with larger systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < .05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = .01) responses to mental stress. The L allele was associated with larger SBP (p = .04), DBP (p < .0001), and heart rate (p = .04) responses to mental stress compared with the short (S) allele. Subjects with the SS genotype and high Father's Education exhibited smaller SBP (5.2 mm Hg) and DBP (2.9 mm Hg) responses than subjects with LL genotype and low Father's Education (SBP = 13.3 mm Hg, p = .002; DBP = 9.7 mm Hg, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both the 5HTTLPR long allele and low SES, particularly during childhood, are associated with increased CVR to mental stress, which could account, at least in part, for the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with these characteristics. If confirmed in further research, these characteristics could be used to identify persons who might benefit from preventive interventions.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815f66c3}, Key = {fds277369} } @article{fds277370, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Ashley-Koch, A and Jonassaint, CR and Züchner, S and Collins, A and Williams, RB}, Title = {Effects of environmental stress and gender on associations among symptoms of depression and the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR).}, Journal = {Behavior Genetics}, Volume = {38}, Number = {1}, Pages = {34-43}, Year = {2008}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0001-8244}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17955359}, Abstract = {The short (s) variant of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene linked functional polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with depression. Stressful life events, gender, and race have been shown to moderate this association. We examined the relationship between 5-HTTLPR genotype and symptoms of depression in two samples. Study 1 = 288 participants from a study of caregiver stress; and Study 2 = 142 participants from a study examining psychosocial stressors, genetics, and health. Main effects of 5-HTTLPR on symptoms of depression were examined, along with moderation by stress (caregiving status or low childhood socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and race. The 5-HTTLPR x stress group x gender interaction was significant in both samples (P < 0.003, and P < 0.008, respectively). For females, the s allele, combined with caregiving stress (Study 1) or low childhood SES (Study 2), was associated with higher depression scores as compared to participants in the non-stressor group and those with the long (l) allele; whereas, in males, the l allele, combined with a stressor, was associated with higher depression scores as compared to those in the non-stressor group and those with the s allele. Findings from two independent samples suggest that the association of 5-HTTLPR with depression varies according to gender and stressful life events.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10519-007-9172-1}, Key = {fds277370} } @article{fds277371, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Zuchner, S and Ashley-Koch, A and Williams, RB}, Title = {Lipid levels are associated with a regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR).}, Journal = {Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research}, Volume = {14}, Number = {2}, Pages = {CR57-CR61}, Year = {2008}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {1234-1010}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227761}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene plays a vital role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, e.g, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. A polymorphism in the promoter region (MAOA-uVNTR) affects transcriptional efficiency. Allelic variation in MAOA-uVNTR has been associated with body mass index (BMI). We extended previous work by examining relations among this polymorphism and serum lipid levels. MATERIAL/METHODS: The sample consisted of 74 males enrolled in a study of caregivers for relatives with dementia. Regression models, adjusted for age, race, group status (caregiver/control), and cholesterol lowering medication (yes/no), were used to examine associations between high verses low MAOA-uVNTR activity alleles and total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL ratio, triglycerides, and BMI. RESULTS: Higher total cholesterol (p<0.03), LDL/HDL ratio (p<0.01), triglycerides (p<0.02), and VLDL (p<0.02) were associated with low activity MAOA-uVNTR alleles. HDL and LDL were modestly related to MAOA-uVNTR activity, however, they did not reach the conventional significance level (p<0.07 and p<0.10, respectively). BMI (p<0.74) was unrelated to MAOA-uVNTR transcription. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that MAOA-uVNTR may influence lipid levels and individuals with less active alleles are at increased health risk.}, Key = {fds277371} } @article{fds314989, Author = {Lechner, SC and Schneiderman, N and Williams, RB and Spiegel, D and Spring, B}, Title = {Behavioral medicine interventions for persons with chronic and life-threatening disease: A look at the past and inspiration for the future}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {35}, Pages = {S88-S88}, Publisher = {SPRINGER}, Year = {2008}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0883-6612}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000259245500340&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314989} } @article{fds277317, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender.}, Journal = {Biological Psychology}, Volume = {78}, Number = {2}, Pages = {200-203}, Year = {2008}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0301-0511}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417268}, Abstract = {Serotonergic dysregulation is associated with negative affect. Plasma prolactin responses to a tryptophan enhancement challenge are used as a measure of central nervous system serotonergic activity. We examined prolactin responses to a tryptophan challenge as they relate to the personality domains of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Participants were 67 volunteers. Regression models assessed peak prolactin response to intravenous tryptophan infusion as a predictor of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Prolactinxgender product terms were included to examine moderation by gender. Models were adjusted for baseline levels of prolactin, age, and race. Gender moderated the association between N and prolactin level (p<.03). Higher levels of N were associated with decreased levels of prolactin responses in females, whereas the opposite was true for males. Remaining personality domains were not related to prolactin levels. Findings add to literature suggesting the serotonin system functions differently, in important ways, in males and females.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.002}, Key = {fds277317} } @article{fds277167, Author = {Williams, RB and Williams, VP}, Title = {The Prevention and Treatment of Hostility}, Pages = {259-275}, Publisher = {JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD}, Year = {2008}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470713860.ch12}, Doi = {10.1002/9780470713860.ch12}, Key = {fds277167} } @article{fds277373, Author = {Brummett, BH and Muller, CL and Collins, AL and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Ashley-Koch, A}, Title = {5-HTTLPR and gender moderate changes in negative affect responses to tryptophan infusion.}, Journal = {Behav Genet}, Volume = {38}, Number = {5}, Pages = {476-483}, Year = {2008}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18661222}, Abstract = {Expression of the serotonin transporter is affected by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (short and long forms) as well as the genotype of the SNP rs25531 within this region. Based on the combined genotypes for these polymorphisms, we designated each allele as a high or low expressing allele according to established expression levels-resulting in HiHi, HiLo, & LoLo genotype groups for analysis. We evaluated effects of gender and the promoter genotype on induction of negative affect by intravenous infusion of L: -tryptophan (TRP). The protocol consisted of a day-1 sham saline infusion and a day-2 active TRP infusion. Models assessed 5-HTTLPR composite genotype and gender as predictors of change in ratings of negative emotion during TRP infusion. During sham infusion there were no significant changes from baseline in mood ratings. During TRP infusion all negative affect ratings increased significantly from baseline (P's < .02). The genotype x gender interaction was a significant predictor of depression-dejection (P = .013), and trended towards predicting anger-hostility (P = .084). Males in the HiHi group had greater increases in negative affect during infusion, compared to all groups except LoLo females, who also showed increased negative affect.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10519-008-9219-y}, Key = {fds277373} } @article{fds277372, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Surwit, RS and Garrett, ME and Collins, A and Ashley-Koch, A and Williams, RB}, Title = {HPA axis function in male caregivers: effect of the monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR).}, Journal = {Biol Psychol}, Volume = {79}, Number = {2}, Pages = {250-255}, Year = {2008}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18639608}, Abstract = {Caregiving stress is associated with negative health outcomes. Neuroendocrine functioning may be a mediator of such outcomes. The MAOA gene regulates activity of neurotransmitters involved with neuroendocrine responses to stress. Differences in polymorphisms of this gene have been shown to influence susceptibility to stress. Therefore, we examined allelic variation in MAOA-uVNTR, a functional polymorphism of MAOA, as a moderator of chronic stress effects on urinary cortisol excretion in 74 males enrolled in a case/control study of caregivers for relatives with dementia. Mixed models analysis of variance were used to examine MAOA-uVNTR genotype (3 repeats vs. 3.5/4 repeats) as a moderator of the impact of stress (caregiver vs. non-caregiver) on the urinary excretion pattern (overnight, daytime, evening) of cortisol. Caregivers with MAOA-uVNTR alleles associated with less transcriptional activity (3-repeats) displayed a pattern of cortisol excretion -- a decrease from overnight to daytime -- that was suggestive of HPA axis blunting, as compared to non-caregivers and those caregivers with the more active alleles (3.5/4 repeats) (cortisol p<.043). Individuals with less active MAOA-uVNTR alleles who are under chronic stress may be at increased risk for exhaustion of the HPA response to such stress.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.06.004}, Key = {fds277372} } @article{fds277235, Author = {Dekker, J and Williams, RB}, Title = {Heralding the new publisher: strategic alliance and improved service.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {16}, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-2}, Year = {2009}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-008-9009-1}, Doi = {10.1007/s12529-008-9009-1}, Key = {fds277235} } @article{fds277236, Author = {Williams, VP and Brenner, SL and Helms, MJ and Williams, RB}, Title = {Coping skills training to reduce psychosocial risk factors for medical disorders: a field trial evaluating effectiveness in multiple worksites.}, Journal = {J Occup Health}, Volume = {51}, Number = {5}, Pages = {437-442}, Year = {2009}, ISSN = {1341-9145}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.o8016}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a commercial coping skills training program shown to reduce psychosocial risk factors in randomized clinical trials of patients with coronary heart disease is also effective in achieving similar improvements among stressed workers in a real world corporate setting. METHODS: Conduct an observational trial to evaluate the impact of the Williams LifeSkills Workshop on depression, social support, anxiety, and hostility in a sample of 110 employees working at multiple U.S. sites of a client of Williams LifeSkills, Inc. RESULTS: All psychosocial risk factors showed highly significant improvements from pre- to post-training. Except for social support, these improvements were maintained at six months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide support for the effectiveness of the Williams LifeSkills Workshop by suggesting that its efficacy, as demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, generalizes to real world settings like the multiple U.S. work sites of a corporate client.}, Doi = {10.1539/joh.o8016}, Key = {fds277236} } @article{fds277291, Author = {Saab, PG and Bang, H and Williams, RB and Powell, LH and Schneiderman, N and Thoresen, C and Burg, M and Keefe, F and ENRICHD Investigators}, Title = {The impact of cognitive behavioral group training on event-free survival in patients with myocardial infarction: the ENRICHD experience.}, Journal = {J Psychosom Res}, Volume = {67}, Number = {1}, Pages = {45-56}, Year = {2009}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0022-3999}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.01.015}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) treatment was designed to include individual therapy and cognitive behavioral group training for patients with depression and/or low perceived social support, only 31% of treated participants received group training. Secondary analyses classified intervention participants into two subgroups, (1) individual therapy only or (2) group training (i.e., coping skills training) plus individual therapy, to determine whether medical outcomes differed in participants who received the combination of group training and individual therapy compared to participants who received individual therapy only or usual care. METHODS: Secondary analyses of 1243 usual care, 781 individual therapy only, and 356 group plus individual therapy myocardial infarction (MI) patients were performed. Depression was diagnosed using modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria; low perceived social support was determined by the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument. Psychosocial treatment followed MI, and for participants with severe or unremitting depression, was supplemented with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate intervention effects on time to first occurrence of the composite end point of death plus nonfatal MI. To control for confounding of group participation with survival (because individual sessions preceded group), we used risk set sampling to match minimal survival time of those receiving or not receiving group training. RESULTS: Analyses correcting for differential survival among comparison groups showed that group plus individual therapy was associated with a 33% reduction (hazard ratio=0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.92, P=.01) in medical outcome compared to usual care. No significant effect on event-free survival was associated with individual therapy alone. The group training benefit was reduced to 23% (hazard ratio=0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.07, P=.11) in the multivariate-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that adding group training to individual therapy may be associated with reduction in the composite end point. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to definitively resolve this issue.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.01.015}, Key = {fds277291} } @article{fds277319, Author = {Georgiades, A and Lane, JD and Boyle, SH and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Kuhn, CM and Feinglos, MN and Williams, RB and Merwin, R and Minda, S and Siegler, IC and Suarez, EC and Surwit, RS}, Title = {Hostility and fasting glucose in African American women.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {71}, Number = {6}, Pages = {642-645}, Year = {2009}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553288}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the relationship of hostility (HOST) to fasting glucose indices is moderated by sex and race. HOST has been associated with abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Prior studies suggested that this association may be more prevalent in women and in African American (AA) individuals. METHODS: A total of 565 healthy AA and white (W) men and women (mean age = 33 +/- 6 years) were assessed. HOST was measured by the 27-item version of the Cook Medley HOST Scale. The moderating effects of sex and race were evaluated for the associations of HOST to fasting glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Analysis showed a moderating effect of sex and race on the association of HOST to fasting glucose (p = .03), but not for insulin (p = .12). Analysis of HOMA-IR revealed a trend (p = .06) for the interaction. Stratified analyses by race and sex revealed a positive association between HOST and fasting glucose only in AA women, which remained significant after controlling for age and body mass index. CONCLUSION: A relationship between HOST and fasting glucose was evident in AA women only, a group that has twice the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared with W women. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which HOST may affect glucose metabolism in AA women.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181acee3a}, Key = {fds277319} } @article{fds277320, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Positive affect is associated with cardiovascular reactivity, norepinephrine level, and morning rise in salivary cortisol.}, Journal = {Psychophysiology}, Volume = {46}, Number = {4}, Pages = {862-869}, Year = {2009}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19470128}, Abstract = {Positive affect was examined as a predictor of (1) cardiovascular reactivity during a sadness and an anger recall task and recovery following the protocol, (2) epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NOREPI) reactivity and level during the recall protocol, and (3) the diurnal pattern of salivary cortisol. Sample was 328 individuals. Negative affect, age, race, sex, smoking status, income, and BMI were adjusted. During sadness recall, positive affect was inversely related to systolic blood pressure (p=.007) and diastolic blood pressure (p=.049) reactivity, and unrelated to heart rate (p=.226). Positive affect was unrelated to reactivity during anger recall (ps>.19), and was unrelated to recovery at the end of the recall protocol. Positive affect was inversely related to the mean level of NOREPI (p=.046), and unrelated to EPI (p=.149). Positive affect was inversely related to the increase in cortisol 30 min post awakening (p=.042), and unrelated to the evening decline in cortisol levels (p=.174). Positive emotions may be relevant to good health.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00829.x}, Key = {fds277320} } @article{fds277321, Author = {Belsky, J and Jonassaint, C and Pluess, M and Stanton, M and Brummett, B and Williams, R}, Title = {Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes?}, Journal = {Mol Psychiatry}, Volume = {14}, Number = {8}, Pages = {746-754}, Year = {2009}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1359-4184}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.44}, Abstract = {The classic diathesis-stress framework, which views some individuals as particularly vulnerable to adversity, informs virtually all psychiatric research on behavior-gene-environment (G x E) interaction. An alternative framework of 'differential susceptibility' is proposed, one which regards those most susceptible to adversity because of their genetic make up as simultaneously most likely to benefit from supportive or enriching experiences-or even just the absence of adversity. Recent G x E findings consistent with this perspective and involving monoamine oxidase-A, 5-HTTLPR (5-hydroxytryptamine-linked polymorphic region polymorphism) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) are reviewed for illustrative purposes. Results considered suggest that putative 'vulnerability genes' or 'risk alleles' might, at times, be more appropriately conceptualized as 'plasticity genes', because they seem to make individuals more susceptible to environmental influences-for better and for worse.}, Doi = {10.1038/mp.2009.44}, Key = {fds277321} } @article{fds326789, Author = {Georgiades, A and Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Boyle, SH and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Kuhn, CM and Surwit, RS}, Title = {Plasma Epinephrine Levels Determine Fasting and Stress Induced Glucose Levels in Women With High Central Adiposity}, Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)}, Volume = {17}, Pages = {S54-S54}, Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP}, Year = {2009}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds326789} } @article{fds277300, Author = {Jonassaint, CR and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Copeland, WE and Williams, R}, Title = {Personality and inflammation: the protective effect of openness to experience.}, Journal = {Ethnicity & Disease}, Volume = {20}, Number = {1}, Pages = {11-14}, Year = {2010}, ISSN = {1049-510X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178176}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prior research found reduced mortality in coronary heart patients with higher scores on the Openness to Experience domain and its facets. Decreased C-reactive protein level (CRP) levels may be one mechanism by which higher Openness to Experience leads to decreased mortality. Thus, the current study aimed to test the association between the Openness to Experience domain and its facets, as assessed by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, and CRP in a sample of 165 healthy Black and White, male and female community volunteers. METHODS: Blood samples were taken before and after a 40-minute mental stress protocol. BMI and education were significant predictors of CRP and, in addition to age, were included as covariates in all analyses. Race and sex were tested as possible moderating variables. RESULTS: In a mixed effects model the main effect of time (pre/post-stress), Openness to Experience (O) and their interaction were not significant predictors of CRP. However, results showed a significant race x O effect on CRP (P=.03). In Blacks, higher Openness to Experience domain (r=-.41, P<.01), aesthetics facet (r=-.30, P=.01), feelings facet (r= -.41, P<.01), and ideas facet (r=-.38, P<.01) scores were associated with lower mean CRP levels. In contrast, among White participants, neither the Openness to Experience domain nor its related facets were associated with CRP. DISCUSSION: The Openness to Experience domain and its facets may be associated with markers of the inflammatory process among Blacks but not Whites.}, Key = {fds277300} } @article{fds277292, Author = {Stanton, MV and Jonassaint, CR and Williams, RB and Suarez, EC and James, SA}, Title = {Socioeconomic status moderates the association between John Henryism and NEO PI-R personality domains.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {72}, Number = {2}, Pages = {141-147}, Year = {2010}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100884}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between John Henryism (JH) and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (PI-R) personality domains. JH-a strong behavioral predisposition to engage in high-effort coping with difficult psychosocial and economic stressors-has been associated with poor health, particularly among persons in lower socioeconomic (SES) groups. Unfavorable personality profiles have also been frequently linked to poor health; however, no studies have yet examined what global personality traits characterize JH. METHODS: Hypotheses were examined, using data from a sample of 233 community volunteers (mean age, 33 years; 61% black and 39% white) recruited specifically to represent the full range of the SES gradient. Personality (NEO PI-R) and active coping (12-item JH scale) measures and covariates were derived from baseline interviews. RESULTS: In a multiple regression analysis, independent of SES, JH was positively associated with Conscientiousness (C) (p < .001) and Extraversion (E) (p < .001), whereas the combination of low JH and high SES was associated with Neuroticism (N) (p = .02) When examining associations between JH and combinations of NEO PI-R domains called "styles," high JH was most strongly associated with a high E/high C "Go-Getters" style of activity, whereas low JH was associated with the low E/high Openness (O) "Introspectors" style. In facet level data, the most robust associations with JH were found for five C and five E facets. CONCLUSIONS: High JH was associated with higher scores on C and E, but the combination of low JH and high SES was associated with higher scores on N.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181cdc00e}, Key = {fds277292} } @article{fds277237, Author = {Stauder, A and Konkolÿ Thege and B and Kovács, ME and Balog, P and Williams, VP and Williams, RB}, Title = {Worldwide stress: different problems, similar solutions? Cultural adaptation and evaluation of a standardized stress management program in Hungary.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {17}, Number = {1}, Pages = {25-32}, Year = {2010}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-009-9054-4}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic stress is an important risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality at the individual and societal level. PURPOSE: Our aim was to describe the process of adapting and testing the effectiveness of a structured stress management skills training program in a culture different from the one in which it was first developed. METHOD: We translated an internationally used standardized behavioral intervention program into Hungarian and adapted it for use in a Hungarian cultural setting. We evaluated the changes in stress level and stress-related symptom scores among distressed voluntary participants on the basis of self-reported questionnaires completed before, immediately after, and 4 to 6 months after the 12-h intervention. The following measures were included: PSS-10, STAI-T, BDI-S, PHQ-15, and WBI-5. For statistical analyses, paired sample t test and Cohen's d value for effect size were used. RESULTS: In a sample of 107 distressed individuals, after the training, stress level, psychological and somatic symptoms decreased and well-being increased (p < 0.0001). These positive changes were maintained at follow-up in a subsample of 42 persons tested 4-6 months later. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the long-term positive effects of this standardized behavioral intervention in a different cultural context and in real-world settings, which encourages further dissemination of the program in various community settings.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12529-009-9054-4}, Key = {fds277237} } @article{fds277238, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {How does lower education get inside the body to raise blood pressure? What can we do to prevent this?}, Journal = {Hypertension}, Volume = {55}, Number = {3}, Pages = {617-618}, Year = {2010}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0194-911X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146423}, Doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146423}, Key = {fds277238} } @article{fds277322, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Socioeconomic status moderates associations between CNS serotonin and expression of beta2-integrins CD11b and CD11c.}, Journal = {J Psychiatr Res}, Volume = {44}, Number = {6}, Pages = {373-377}, Year = {2010}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19800635}, Abstract = {One of the first steps in the development of atherogenesis is adhesion of circulating monocytes to the vascular endothelium that is stimulated by beta(2)-integrins. Stress has been associated with enhanced expression of beta(2)-integrins on monocyte cell surface (Greeson et al., 2008). Central nervous system (CNS) serotonin regulates aspects of the stress response that can influence inflammatory processes that increase risk for atherosclerosis. This study examines effects of an environmental stressor (indexed by socioeconomic status (SES)) and CNS serotonin (indexed by CSF 5HIAA level), on the expression of beta(2)-integrins (CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c) on circulating monocytes in 131 volunteers. Participants completed a protocol consisting of a lumbar puncture for assessment of CSF 5HIAA levels (day 1) followed by an experimental protocol (day 2). Blood samples for the present analyses were obtained at baseline on day 2. The interaction of SES x 5HIAA was a significant predictor of levels of CD11b and CD11c expression (p=.02, and p=.05, respectively); the mean CD11b difference between Hi and Lo SES subjects was significant (p=.003) only in those with Lo levels of 5HIAA, while SES differences in CD11b among those with Mid and Hi levels of 5HIAA did not vary statistically. The pattern of findings was similar for CD11c. The present results suggest that the combination of high environmental stress and low CNS serotonin function could contribute to atherogenesis through processes that lead to increased expression of the beta(2)-integrins CD11b and CD11c on monocyte cell surfaces.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.09.004}, Key = {fds277322} } @article{fds277353, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Ortel, TL and Becker, RC and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Associations of depressive symptoms, trait hostility, and gender with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 response after emotion recall.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {72}, Number = {4}, Pages = {333-339}, Year = {2010}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20190126}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of depressive symptoms and hostility on changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in response to an acute laboratory stressor. Depressive symptoms moderate the effect of trait hostility on circulating levels of CRP and IL-6. METHODS: The study included 307 men and 218 women, affording the opportunity to examine moderation by gender. Regression analyses were performed to examine depressive symptoms, hostility ratings, gender, and their interactions as predictors of CRP and IL-6 response to an emotion recall task. Analyses were adjusted for age, race, body mass index, and prerecall task levels of either CRP or IL-6. RESULTS: The product term for Depressive Symptoms x Hostility x Gender was not significantly related to CRP nor IL-6 response. However, Depressive Symptoms x Hostility did interact to predict CRP response (p = .002); those with the combination of high symptoms of depression and hostility had the largest CRP response. The Depressive Symptoms x Gender interaction was also a predictor of both CRP (p = .001) and IL-6 (p = .04) response; for each inflammatory marker, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher CRP response in women, as compared with men. Hostility did not moderate depressive symptoms, nor gender for IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings extend prior research by suggesting that, broadly speaking, depression is related to inflammatory markers; however, this relationship seems complex. Depression seems to be related to inflammation more strongly among hostile individuals and more strongly among women than among men.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d2f104}, Key = {fds277353} } @article{fds277374, Author = {Kring, SII and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, J and Garrett, ME and Ashley-Koch, AE and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Sørensen, TIA and Williams, RB}, Title = {Impact of psychological stress on the associations between apolipoprotein E variants and metabolic traits: findings in an American sample of caregivers and controls.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {72}, Number = {5}, Pages = {427-433}, Year = {2010}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20467002}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants and waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum triglycerides, all metabolic traits known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) endophenotypes, in a population of stressed individuals and controls. Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated serum lipid concentration, and APOE polymorphisms have been associated with CVD risk. Current evidence supports the hypothesis that gene-environment interactions modulate serum lipid concentrations. METHODS: The association between rs769450, rs405509, rs439401, and metabolic traits were analyzed in a U.S. sample of 126 white caregivers of a relative with Alzheimer';s disease or other major dementia and 122 white controls. The associations were analyzed, using multivariate analysis of variance adjusted for age, sex, and medications. RESULTS: Significant multivariate interactions were found, using both additive (p = .009) and dominant (p = .047) models between rs439401 (C/T) and caregiver stress in relation to a profile of metabolic variables. Univariate analyses found the TT genotype to be associated with more adverse levels of waist circumference (interaction, p = .026), triglycerides (interaction, p = .001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (interaction, p = .001) among caregivers but with a more favorable profile of these endophenotypes among controls. There were no significant associations or interactions involving the other two single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: The APOE rs439401 TT genotype is associated with an adverse metabolic profile among chronically stressed individuals compared with individuals not similarly stressed in whom a more favorable profile is expressed. Confirmation of these results in further research would indicate that the TT genotype can be used to identify persons at high risk for CVD when subjected to chronic stress.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181de30ad}, Key = {fds277374} } @article{fds314986, Author = {Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Rimer, BK and Rubin, DC and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Costa, PT}, Title = {WHEN I'M 64: FINDINGS FROM THE UNC ALUMNI HEART STUDY}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {17}, Number = {SUPPL 1}, Pages = {9-10}, Publisher = {SPRINGER}, Year = {2010}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {1070-5503}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000280088500019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314986} } @article{fds277295, Author = {Surwit, RS and Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Feinglos, MN and Kuhn, CM and Georgiades, A}, Title = {Plasma epinephrine predicts fasting glucose in centrally obese African-American women.}, Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring)}, Volume = {18}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1683-1687}, Year = {2010}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20300086}, Abstract = {The high prevalence of diabetes in African-American (AA) women has been widely assumed to be related to the greater prevalence of obesity in this group. Catecholamine release acting on central adipose tissue has been proposed to be a contributing factor. The aim of this article was to examine the interaction of plasma catecholamines and central adiposity on fasting and nonfasting glucose levels in two separate samples. In both studies, the women were healthy, nondiabetic of similar age. In addition, both studies assessed plasma epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NOREPI) levels collected at three time points. In study 1, catecholamines were measured during a standardized laboratory mental stress task and in study 2, they were measured during the initial phase (10 min) of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Results from both studies revealed significant effects of EPI on fasting glucose in the obese women. In study 1, mean EPI levels were significantly related to fasting glucose in AA women with high trunk fat (beta = 0.60, P < 0.001). Because high BMI was associated with high trunk fat in women, we used BMI >30 as a proxy for high trunk fat (>32%) in study 2. In study 2, EPI response to the glucose bolus was a strong predictor of fasting glucose in AA women with BMI >30 (beta = 0.75, P < 0.003). We conclude that the effect of central adiposity on fasting glucose may be moderated by plasma EPI. This suggests that adrenal medullary activity could play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.}, Doi = {10.1038/oby.2010.43}, Key = {fds277295} } @article{fds277323, Author = {Siegler, IC and Brummett, BH and Williams, RB and Haney, TL and Dilworth-Anderson, P}, Title = {Caregiving, residence, race, and depressive symptoms.}, Journal = {Aging Ment Health}, Volume = {14}, Number = {7}, Pages = {771-778}, Year = {2010}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20635234}, Abstract = {The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychological responses to caregiving between black and white dementia caregivers measured by self-reports of depressive symptoms evaluating the impact of sub-components of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and residential arrangements of the caregiving dyad. The method included 87 intergenerational family caregivers enrolled in the Duke Caregiver Study (50 white and 37 black). Total CES-D and the four sub-components were modeled as dependent measures in separate linear regressions. Three models were examined. The first model tested race, living arrangements, and their interaction. The second model adjusted for age, gender, education, income, health status, cultural justification for caregiving, crime concerns, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and glycosylated hemoglobin. A third model added adjustment for caregiver burden. The results showed that there was a significant race by residence interaction for CES-D, somatic symptoms and depressive affect such that when the dyads are living apart-with the care recipient in their own home or in an institutional setting-whites reported more depressive symptoms than blacks. When the dyads lived together, this was reversed, and blacks reported higher depressive symptoms than whites. To conclude, all the parameters such as race, living arrangements, and the components of depression need to be taken into account to understand the impact of caregiving on the emotional health of caregivers.}, Doi = {10.1080/13607861003713257}, Key = {fds277323} } @article{fds277375, Author = {Williams, RB and Surwit, RS and Siegler, IC and Ashley-Koch, AE and Collins, AL and Helms, MJ and Georgiades, A and Boyle, SH and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Grichnik, K and Stafford-Smith, M and Suarez, EC and Kuhn, CM}, Title = {Central nervous system serotonin and clustering of hostility, psychosocial, metabolic, and cardiovascular endophenotypes in men.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {72}, Number = {7}, Pages = {601-607}, Year = {2010}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595415}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To use measures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and genotype of a functional polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR) to study the role of central nervous system (CNS) serotonin in clustering of hostility, other psychosocial, metabolic and cardiovascular endophenotypes. METHODS: In 86 healthy male volunteers, we evaluated CSF levels of the primary serotonin metabolite 5HIAA and MAOA-uVNTR genotype for association with a panel of 29 variables assessing hostility, other psychosocial, metabolic, and cardiovascular endophenotypes. RESULTS: The correlations of 5HIAA with these endophenotypes in men with more active MAOA-uVNTR alleles were significantly different from those of men with less active alleles for 15 of the 29 endophenotypes. MAOA-uVNTR genotype and CSF 5HIAA interacted to explain 20% and 22% of the variance, respectively, in scores on one factor wherein high scores reflected a less healthy psychosocial profile and a second factor wherein high score reflected increased insulin resistance, body mass index, blood pressure and hostility. In men with less active alleles, higher 5HIAA was associated with more favorable profiles of hostility, other psychosocial, metabolic and cardiovascular endophenotypes; in men with more active alleles, higher 5HIAA was associated with less favorable profiles. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that, in men, indices of CNS serotonin function influence the expression and clustering of hostility, other psychosocial, metabolic and cardiovascular endophenotypes that have been shown to increase risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that increased CNS serotonin is associated with a more favorable psychosocial/metabolic/cardiovascular profile, whereas decreased CNS serotonin function is associated with a less favorable profile.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181eb9d67}, Key = {fds277375} } @article{fds277293, Author = {Williams, VP and Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L and Lane, JD and Gwyther, LP and Ballard, EL and Vendittelli, AP and Hutchins, TC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Video-based coping skills to reduce health risk and improve psychological and physical well-being in Alzheimer's disease family caregivers.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {72}, Number = {9}, Pages = {897-904}, Year = {2010}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978227}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether video-based coping skills (VCS) training with telephone coaching reduces psychosocial and biological markers of distress in primary caregivers of a relative with Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD). METHODS: A controlled clinical trial was conducted with 116 ADRD caregivers who were assigned, alternately as they qualified for the study, to a Wait List control condition or the VCS training arm in which they viewed two modules/week of a version of the Williams LifeSkills Video adapted for ADRD family care contexts, did the exercises and homework for each module presented in an accompanying Workbook, and received one telephone coaching call per week for 5 weeks on each week's two modules. Questionnaire-assessed depressive symptoms, state and trait anger and anxiety, perceived stress, hostility, caregiver self-efficacy, salivary cortisol across the day and before and after a stress protocol, and blood pressure and heart rate during a stress protocol were assessed before VCS training, 7 weeks after training was completed, and at 3 months' and 6 months' follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with controls, participants who received VCS training plus telephone coaching showed significantly greater improvements in depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, perceived stress, and average systolic and diastolic blood pressures that were maintained over the 6-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: VCS training augmented by telephone coaching reduced psychosocial and biological indicators of distress in ADRD caregivers. Future studies should determine the long-term benefits to mental and physical health from this intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; #NCT00396825.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181fc2d09}, Key = {fds277293} } @article{fds277299, Author = {Stanton, MV and Jonassaint, CR and Bartholomew, FB and Edwards, C and Richman, L and DeCastro, L and Williams, R}, Title = {The association of optimism and perceived discrimination with health care utilization in adults with sickle cell disease.}, Journal = {Journal of the National Medical Association}, Volume = {102}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1056-1063}, Year = {2010}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1943-4693}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21141295}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of perceived discrimination, optimism, and their interaction on health care utilization among African American adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). METHODS: Measures of optimism and perceived discrimination were obtained in 49 African American SCD patients. Multiple regression analyses controlling for sex and age tested effects of optimism and perceived discrimination on the number of emergency department visits (ED) and number and duration of hospitalizations over the past year. RESULTS: A perceived discrimination-optimism interaction was associated with number of emergency departments visits (b = .29, p = .052), number of hospitalizations (b = .36, p = .019), and duration of hospitalizations (b = .30, p = .045) such that those with high perceived discrimination/high optimism had the greatest health care utilization. CONCLUSIONS: African American SCD patients with high perceived discrimination/high optimism had greater health care utilization than patients who reported either low perceived discrimination or low optimism. This study suggests that patient personality and coping styles should be considered when evaluating the effects of stress on SCD-related outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30733-1}, Key = {fds277299} } @article{fds277239, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Myocardial infarction and risk of suicide: another reason to develop and test ways to reduce distress in postmyocardial-infarction patients?}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {122}, Number = {23}, Pages = {2356-2358}, Year = {2010}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0009-7322}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.990382}, Doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.990382}, Key = {fds277239} } @article{fds277324, Author = {Iqbal Kring and SI and Barefoot, J and Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Toubro, S and Hansen, T and Astrup, A and Pedersen, O and Williams, RB and Sørensen, TIA}, Title = {Associations between APOE variants and metabolic traits and the impact of psychological stress.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {6}, Number = {1}, Pages = {e15745}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21283811}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we observed that associations between APOE rs439401 and metabolic traits were moderated by chronic stress. Thus, in a population of stressed and non-stressed Danish men, we examined whether associations between APOE rs439401 and a panel of metabolic quantitative traits, all metabolic traits which may lead to T2D and CVD were moderated by psychological stress. METHODS: Obese young men (n = 475, BMI ≥ 31.0 kg/m(2)) and a randomly selected control group (n = 709) identified from a population of 141,800 men were re-examined in two surveys (S-46: mean age 46, S-49: mean age 49 years) where anthropometric and biochemical measures were available. Psychological stress factors were assessed by a self-administered 7-item questionnaire. Each item had the possible response categories "yes" and "no" and assessed familial problems and conflicts. Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score, which was then dichotomized into stressed and non-stressed. Logistic regression analysis, applying a recessive genetic model, was used to assess odds ratios (OR) of the associations between APOE rs439401 genotypes and adverse levels of metabolic traits. RESULTS: The APOE rs439401 TT-genotype associated positively with BMI (OR = 1.09 [1.01; 1.17]), waist circumference (OR = 1.09 [1.02; 1.17]) in stressed men at S-46. Positive associations were observed for fasting plasma glucose (OR = 1.42 [1.07; 1.87]), serum triglycerides (OR = 1.41 [1.05; 1.91]) and with fasting plasma insulin (OR = 1.48 [1.05; 2.08]) in stressed men at S-49. Rs439401 TT-genotype also associated positively with surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; OR = 1.21 [1.03; 1.41]) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (Stumvoll index; OR = 0.90 [0.82; 0.99], BIGTT-S(I); OR = 0.60 [0.43; 0.85]) in stressed men. No significant associations were observed in non-stressed men, albeit the estimates showed similar but weaker trends as in stressed men. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the APOE rs439401 TT-genotype is associated with an adverse metabolic profile in a population of psychologically stressed Danish men.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0015745}, Key = {fds277324} } @article{fds277296, Author = {Jonassaint, CR and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Edwards, CL and Williams, RB}, Title = {Low life course socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with negative NEO PI-R personality patterns.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {18}, Number = {1}, Pages = {13-21}, Year = {2011}, Month = {March}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012811}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor health. One potential pathway accounting for this relationship may be an association between low SES and personality characteristics that affect health. METHODS: Associations among parent's education, current SES (education and income), and personality were examined among 233 African Americans and Caucasian, male and female community volunteers. RESULTS: Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to model neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness simultaneously, participant's education, household income, and father's and mother's education each had significant main effects on personality. When examining the life course--the combination of both current and childhood SES--distinctive patterns emerged for each domain, depending upon whether mother's or father's education was used to index childhood SES. When using mother's education as a childhood SES index, a high life course SES (high participant's SES/high mother's education) was associated with high extraversion and openness. Using father's education as a childhood SES index, a low life course SES (low participant's SES/low father's education) was associated with disproportionately high neuroticism and low conscientiousness. These effects did not differ by race or sex. CONCLUSION: The implications of these findings for the role of personality in the SES-health relationship are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12529-009-9069-x}, Key = {fds277296} } @article{fds277376, Author = {Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Ashley-Koch, A and Williams, RB}, Title = {Effects of 5HTTLPR on cardiovascular response to an emotional stressor.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {73}, Number = {4}, Pages = {318-322}, Year = {2011}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364197}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To replicate a prior main effect of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR) genotype on cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) and explore caregiver stress as a potential moderator of 5HTTLPR effects on CVR. On the basis of prior findings, we hypothesized that the more transcriptionally active allele variants would be associated with increased CVR. METHODS: Expression of the serotonin transporter is affected by the genotype of the 5HTTLPR (S-short and L-long forms) as well as the genotype of the SNP rs25531 within this region. Based on the combined genotypes for these polymorphisms, we designated each allele as a Hi or Lo expressing allele according to expression levels-resulting in HiHi, HiLo, and LoLo groups. We examined the relationship between 5HTTLPR genotype and CVR in 164 caregivers and 158 noncaregivers. Main effects of 5HTTLPR on baseline adjusted blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressures) and heart rate (HR) reactivity were examined, along with moderation by caregiving. RESULTS: The 5HTTLPR × Caregiver Stress interaction moderated both systolic blood pressure (p < .02) and HR (p < .02) reactivity. In controls, the Hi activity allelic variants were associated with greater systolic blood pressure and HR reactivity as compared with the Lo activity variants. In caregivers, 5HTTLPR genotype was not associated with CVR. CONCLUSIONS: Replication in this study's control group of our prior finding that 5HTTLPR alleles associated with Hi activity are associated with increased CVR to an emotion recall stressor strengthens the case that this association is real and could be partially responsible for the increased cardiovascular disease observed in persons carrying the 5HTTLPR L allele.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182118c16}, Key = {fds277376} } @article{fds277325, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Brummett, BH and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Helms, MJ and Boyle, SH and Clapp-Channing, NE and Mark, DB}, Title = {Recovery expectations and long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease.}, Journal = {Arch Intern Med}, Volume = {171}, Number = {10}, Pages = {929-935}, Year = {2011}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21357800}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Expectations of patients regarding their prospects for recovery have been shown to predict subsequent physical and social functioning. Evidence regarding the impact of expectations on clinical outcomes is limited. METHODS: At the inpatient service of a tertiary care hospital, we evaluated beliefs of patients undergoing coronary angiography about their prognosis as predictors of long-term survival and 1-year functional status. Baseline assessments, including a measure of expectations for recovery, were obtained during hospitalization with mortality follow-up for approximately 15 years. Patients with significant obstructive coronary artery disease were interviewed while in the hospital and enrolled in follow-up. Functional status was assessed at baseline and 1 year later with questionnaires reflecting physical capabilities. Analyses controlled for age, sex, disease severity, comorbidities, treatments, demographics, depressive symptoms, social support, and functional status. There were 1637 total deaths, 885 from cardiovascular causes, in the 2818 patients in these analyses. The outcomes were total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and 1-year functional status. RESULTS: Expectations were positively associated with survival after controlling for background and clinical disease indicators. For a difference equivalent to an interquartile range of expectations, the hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.82) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69-0.83) for cardiovascular mortality. The HRs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.91) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.89) with further adjustments for demographic and psychosocial covariates. Similar associations (P < .001) were observed for functional status. CONCLUSION: Recovery expectations at baseline were positively associated with long-term survival and functioning in patients with coronary artery disease.}, Doi = {10.1001/archinternmed.2011.41}, Key = {fds277325} } @article{fds277240, Author = {Williams, RB and Williams, VP}, Title = {Adaptation and implementation of an evidence-based behavioral medicine program in diverse global settings: The Williams LifeSkills experience.}, Journal = {Translational Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {1}, Number = {2}, Pages = {303-312}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {1869-6716}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13142-011-0030-6}, Abstract = {Epidemiological research has documented the health-damaging effects of psychosocial factors like hostility, depression, anxiety, job stress, social isolation and low socioeconomic status. Several studies suggest that behavioral interventions can reduce levels of these psychosocial factors. Herein we describe the translational process whereby the Williams LifeSkills® (WLS(®)) program and products for reducing psychosocial risk factors have been developed and tested in clinical trials in the U.S. and Canada and then adapted for other cultures and tested in clinical trials in other countries around the world. Evidence from published controlled and observational trials of WLS(®) products in the U.S. and elsewhere shows that persons receiving coping skills training using WLS(®) products have consistently reported reduced levels of psychosocial risk factors. In two controlled trials, one for caregivers of a relative with Alzheimer's Disease in the U.S. and one for coronary bypass surgery patients in Singapore, WLS(®) training also produced clinically significant blood pressure reductions. In conclusion, WLS(®) products have been shown in controlled and observational trials to produce reduced levels of both psychosocial and cardiovascular stress indices. Ongoing research has the potential to show that WLS(®) products can be an effective vehicle for the delivery of stress reduction and mental health services in developing countries.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13142-011-0030-6}, Key = {fds277240} } @article{fds277241, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Cardiology Patient Page. Depression after heart attack: why should I be concerned about depression after a heart attack?}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {123}, Number = {25}, Pages = {e639-e640}, Year = {2011}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21709066}, Doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.017285}, Key = {fds277241} } @article{fds277364, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Shanahan, M and Harris, KM and Elder, GH and Williams, RB}, Title = {Systolic blood pressure, socioeconomic status, and biobehavioral risk factors in a nationally representative US young adult sample.}, Journal = {Hypertension}, Volume = {58}, Number = {2}, Pages = {161-166}, Year = {2011}, Month = {August}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730296}, Abstract = {In the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a US longitudinal study of >15 000 young adults, we examined the extent to which socioeconomic status is linked to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and whether biobehavioral risk factors mediate the association. More than 62% of the participants had SBP >120 mm Hg and 12% had SBP >140 mm Hg. More than 66% were classified as at least overweight (body mass index >25 kg/m(2)), with >36% meeting criteria for at least class I obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m(2)). Multivariate models showed that higher household income and being married were independently associated with lower SBP. Higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, smoking, and higher alcohol intake were each independently associated with higher SBP. Meditational analyses suggested that higher education level was associated with lower SBP by way of lower body mass, smaller waist circumference, and lower resting heart rate. When these indirect effects were accounted for, education was not significantly associated with SBP. In contrast, household income remained associated with SBP even with control for all of the covariates. Results reinforce current public health concerns about rates of obesity and high blood pressure among young adults and suggest that disparities in education level and household income may play an important role in the observed decrements in health. Identifying modifiable mechanisms that link socioeconomic status to SBP using data from a large representative sample may improve risk stratification and guide the development of effective interventions.}, Doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.171272}, Key = {fds277364} } @article{fds314982, Author = {Bidwell, LC and Garrett, ME and McClernon, FJ and Fuemmeler, BF and Williams, RB and Ashley-Koch, AE and Kollins, SH}, Title = {Genotype and ADHD symptoms interact to predict adolescents' early smoking experiences in an epidemiological sample}, Journal = {Behavior Genetics}, Volume = {41}, Number = {6}, Pages = {893-893}, Publisher = {SPRINGER}, Year = {2011}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0001-8244}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000295326600022&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314982} } @article{fds326788, Author = {Surwit, RS and Williams, RB and Georgiades, A}, Title = {Adrenal Medullary Function, Adiposity and Fasting Glucose}, Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)}, Volume = {19}, Pages = {S92-S92}, Publisher = {NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP}, Year = {2011}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds326788} } @article{fds277354, Author = {Jiang, W and Velazquez, EJ and Samad, Z and Kuchibhatla, M and Martsberger, C and Rogers, J and Williams, R and Kuhn, C and Ortel, TL and Becker, RC and Pristera, N and Krishnan, R and O'Connor, CM}, Title = {Responses of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia to escitalopram treatment: background, design, and method for the Responses of Mental Stress Induced Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment trial.}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {163}, Number = {1}, Pages = {20-26}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22172432}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is common in patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease (CHD) and is associated with poor outcomes. Depression is a risk factor of MSIMI. The REMIT trial investigates whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment can improve MSIMI. The rationale and outline of the study are described. METHOD: In this single-center randomized clinical trial, adult patients with clinically stable CHD are recruited for baseline mental and exercise stress testing assessed by echocardiography. In addition, psychometric questionnaires are administered, and blood samples are collected for platelet activity analysis. Patients who demonstrate MSIMI, defined by new abnormal wall motion, ejection fraction reduction ≥8%, and/or development of ischemic ST change in electrocardiogram during mental stress testing, are randomized at a 1:1 ratio to escitalopram or placebo for 6 weeks. Approximately 120 patients with MSIMI are enrolled in the trial. The stress testing, platelet activity assessment, and psychometric questionnaires are repeated at the end of the 6-week intervention. The hypothesis of the study is that SSRI treatment improves MSIMI via mood regulation and modification of platelet activity. CONCLUSION: The REMIT study examines the effect of SSRI on MSIMI in vulnerable patients with CHD and probes some potential underlying mechanisms.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2011.09.018}, Key = {fds277354} } @article{fds277363, Author = {Brummett, BH and Kuhn, CM and Boyle, SH and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Cortisol responses to emotional stress in men: association with a functional polymorphism in the 5HTR2C gene.}, Journal = {Biol Psychol}, Volume = {89}, Number = {1}, Pages = {94-98}, Year = {2012}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967853}, Abstract = {The serotonin 5HTR2C receptor has been shown to mediate HPA axis activation during stress. We hypothesized that a functional polymorphism (rs6318) of the 5HTR2C gene would be associated with HPA axis response to a laboratory stress protocol. The present sample consisted of 41 men (22 African Americans, 19 Caucasians). We found that at rest men with the more active rs6318 Ser23 C allele had similar cortisol values compared to those with the less active Cys23 G allele. During laboratory stress, however, men with the Ser23 C allele exhibited the predicted significantly higher cortisol levels (p<0.001), as well as larger increases in anger (p=0.08) and depressive mood (p=0.006) ratings, compared to the Cys23 G carriers. The increase in cortisol was significantly related to the increases in ratings of anger and depression assessed before and after the emotion induction, and these correlations became nonsignificant when rs6318 genotype was covaried. We conclude that genetic variation in 5HTR2C may be associated with HPA axis activation and stimulated by emotional stress, and also with both psychological and physiological endophenotypes that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.013}, Key = {fds277363} } @article{fds277365, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MB and Siegler, IC and Surwit, R and Georgiades, A and Boyle, SH and Williams, RB}, Title = {Systolic blood pressure and adiposity: examination by race and gender in a nationally representative sample of young adults.}, Journal = {Am J Hypertens}, Volume = {25}, Number = {2}, Pages = {140-144}, Year = {2012}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976277}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adiposity, or more specifically, underlying body fat distribution, has been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), and it has been suggested that these associations vary between whites and blacks, as well as by gender. METHODS: Here, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a US study of over 15,000 participants (median age 29.0 years), to characterize the associations between measures of body fat distribution-waist circumference (WC) and WC adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (WC(-bmi))-with SBP within white and black race and gender subgroups. RESULTS: Our findings suggest that, at lower levels of WC(-bmi), white women have significantly higher SBP as compared to black women, whereas black men have higher SBP than white men. Black women with WC(-bmi) >90 cm have higher SBP compared to white women with similar WC(-bmi), whereas among black and white men the associations are essentially similar across the full range of WC(-bmi). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that associations among anthropometric measures of adiposity and blood pressure are nonlinear, and importantly, vary for whites and blacks by gender. In black women, SBP increased more as WC increased from low- to mid-range levels, whereas it was only at higher WC levels that black men exhibited higher SBP than white men.}, Doi = {10.1038/ajh.2011.177}, Key = {fds277365} } @article{fds277377, Author = {Bidwell, LC and Garrett, ME and McClernon, FJ and Fuemmeler, BF and Williams, RB and Ashley-Koch, AE and Kollins, SH}, Title = {A preliminary analysis of interactions between genotype, retrospective ADHD symptoms, and initial reactions to smoking in a sample of young adults.}, Journal = {Nicotine Tob Res}, Volume = {14}, Number = {2}, Pages = {229-233}, Year = {2012}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778150}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Initial reactions to cigarettes predict later regular smoking. Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have also been shown to increase smoking risk and may moderate the relationship between genotype and smoking. We conducted an exploratory study to assess whether ADHD symptoms interact with genetic variation to predict self-reported initial reactions to smoking. METHODS: Participants were a subsample of 1,900 unrelated individuals with genotype data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed from 1995 to 2002. Linear regression was used to examine relationships among self-reported ADHD symptoms, genotype, and self-reported initial reactions to cigarettes (index scores reflecting pleasant and unpleasant reactions). RESULTS: Polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene, SLC6A4 gene, and among males, the MAOA gene interacted with retrospective reports of ADHD symptoms in predicting pleasant initial reaction to cigarettes. Polymorphisms in the CYP2A6 gene and, among females, the MAOA gene interacted with retrospective reports of ADHD symptoms in predicting unpleasant initial reaction to cigarettes. No main effect for any of these polymorphisms was observed nor were any interactions with DRD4 and DAT genes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that genotypes associated with monoamine neurotransmission interact with ADHD symptoms to influence initial reactions to cigarette smoking. Given that an initial pleasant reaction to cigarettes increases risk for lifetime smoking, these results add to a growing body of literature that suggests that ADHD symptoms increase risk for smoking and should be accounted for in genetic studies of smoking.}, Doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntr125}, Key = {fds277377} } @article{fds314988, Author = {Babyak, MA and Schwartz, S and Jiang, R and Brummett, B and Kauwe, JS and Corcoran, C and Munger, R and Welsh-Bohmer, K and Williams, RB and Norton, M}, Title = {PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS IN MIDLIFE MAY MODERATE EFFECTS OF APOE-TOMM40 RS157580 ON METABOLIC TRAITS IN LATE LIFE}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {43}, Pages = {S180-S180}, Publisher = {SPRINGER}, Year = {2012}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0883-6612}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302092400697&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314988} } @article{fds314984, Author = {Surwit, RS and Williams, RB and Lane, JD and Boyle, SH and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Kuhn, CM and Gerogiades, A}, Title = {EPINEPHRINE, TRUNK FAT AND FASTING GLUCOSE}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {43}, Pages = {S155-S155}, Publisher = {SPRINGER}, Year = {2012}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0883-6612}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302092400600&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314984} } @article{fds314980, Author = {Brummett, BH and Helms, M and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {ASSOCIATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS WITH A FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM IN THE 5HTR2C GENE}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {43}, Pages = {S227-S227}, Publisher = {SPRINGER}, Year = {2012}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0883-6612}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302092400884&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314980} } @article{fds277326, Author = {Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Dilworth-Anderson, P}, Title = {Associations of Social Support and 8-Year Follow-Up Depressive Symptoms: Differences in African American and White Caregivers.}, Journal = {Clinical Gerontologist}, Volume = {35}, Number = {4}, Pages = {289-302}, Year = {2012}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0731-7115}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144529}, Abstract = {The present study used data from the Alzheimer's Study of Emotions in Caregivers (ASEC) to evaluate perceptions of social support assessed at baseline, as well as changes in social support assessed at a follow-up eight-years later, as predictors of symptoms of change in depression, with a focus on race as a potential moderator of these relationships. Specifically, multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, income, education, race, living arrangement of care recipient at baseline, death of care recipient, the cultural justification for caregiving scale (CJCS), and baseline depressive symptoms were conducted to assess baseline social support ratings, as well as the change in social support over time as a predictor of depression at follow-up-with a focus on moderation by race. Baseline social support (F(1,77) = 7.60, p=.008) was associated with fewer depressive symptoms at follow-up for all participants. The change in social support over time was also related to depressive symptoms, with effects moderated by race (F(1,77) = 7.97, p = .007), such that when support decreased over time depressive symptoms at follow-up were higher for Whites, as compared with African Americans, whereas, when social support increased over time depressive symptoms tended to be similar for both groups. These findings indicate that research designed to plan interventions in caregivers must not ignore potential racial differences with regard to the effects of caregiving on mental health.}, Doi = {10.1080/07317115.2012.678569}, Key = {fds277326} } @article{fds277418, Author = {Fuemmeler, BF and Yang, C and Costanzo, P and Hoyle, RH and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Ostbye, T}, Title = {Parenting styles and body mass index trajectories from adolescence to adulthood.}, Journal = {Health Psychology}, Volume = {31}, Number = {4}, Pages = {441-449}, Year = {2012}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22545979}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Parenting styles such as authoritarian, disengaged, or permissive are thought to be associated with greater adolescent obesity risk than an authoritative style. This study assessed the relationship between parenting styles and changes in body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to young adulthood. METHOD: The study included self-reported data from adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Factor mixture modeling, a data-driven approach, was used to classify participants into parenting style groups based on measures of acceptance and control. Latent growth modeling (LGM) identified patterns of developmental changes in BMI. After a number of potential confounders were controlled for, parenting style variables were entered as predictors of BMI trajectories. Analyses were also conducted for male and female individuals of 3 racial-ethnic groups (Hispanic, black, white) to assess whether parenting styles were differentially associated with BMI trajectories in these 6 groups. RESULTS: Parenting styles were classified into 4 groups: authoritarian, disengaged, permissive, and balanced. Compared with the balanced parenting style, authoritarian and disengaged parenting styles were associated with a less steep average BMI increase (linear slope) over time, but also less leveling off (quadratic) of BMI over time. Differences in BMI trajectories were observed for various genders and races, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Adolescents who reported having parents with authoritarian or disengaged parenting styles had greater increases in BMI as they transitioned to young adulthood despite having a lower BMI trajectory through adolescence.}, Doi = {10.1037/a0027927}, Key = {fds277418} } @article{fds277378, Author = {Jonassaint, CR and Ashley-Koch, A and Whitfield, KE and Hoyle, RH and Richman, LS and Siegler, IC and Royal, CD and Williams, R}, Title = {The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5HTTLPR) moderates the effect of adolescent environmental conditions on self-esteem in young adulthood: a structural equation modeling approach.}, Journal = {Biol Psychol}, Volume = {91}, Number = {1}, Pages = {111-119}, Year = {2012}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22659377}, Abstract = {Here we examine the effects of both self-reported and independent observer-reported environmental risk indices, the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR) polymorphism, and their interaction on self-esteem. This trait was assessed during early and mid adolescence (mean age=14 and 16.5, respectively) and young adulthood (mean age=21.8) in a prospective cohort of 1214 unrelated participants in the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Using structural equation modeling we identified a gene-environment (G×E) interaction using observer-report but not self-report measures of environmental stress exposure during adolescence: 5HTTLPR genotype and observer-reports of home and neighborhood quality (HNQ) during adolescence interacted to predict self-esteem levels in young adulthood (p<.004). Carriers of the s allele who lived in poor HNQ conditions during adolescence reported lower self-esteem in young adulthood than those with a good HNQ during adolescence. In contrast, among individuals with the l/l genotype, adolescent HNQ did not predict adulthood self-esteem. Genes may moderate the effect of adolescent environmental conditions on adulthood self-esteem.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.05.004}, Key = {fds277378} } @article{fds277242, Author = {Barnes, VA and Johnson, MH and Williams, RB and Williams, VP}, Title = {IMPACT OF WILLIAMS LIFESKILLS® TRAINING ON ANGER, ANXIETY AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE IN ADOLESCENTS.}, Journal = {Translational Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {2}, Number = {4}, Pages = {401-410}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {1869-6716}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13142-012-0162-3}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Williams LifeSkills® (WLS) anger and stress management workshop provides training in strategies to cope with stressful situations and build supportive relationships. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of school-based Williams LifeSkills training on anger, anxiety and blood pressure in adolescents. METHODS: 159 adolescents (mean age±SD=15.7±1.4 years) were randomized to WLS (n=86) or control (CTL, n=73) groups. The WLS group engaged in twelve 50-min WLS training sessions conducted by teachers at school. RESULTS: Anger-in and anxiety scores decreased and anger control scores increased in the WLS group across the six-month follow-up period compared to the CTL group (group x visit, ps<0.05). Daytime diastolic BP was lower across the follow-up in the WLS group (p=0.08). DBP was significantly lower across the follow-up period in the WLS group among those with higher SBP at baseline (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate beneficial impact of WLS upon self-reported anger-in, anger-control, anxiety levels and ambulatory DBP in the natural environment in healthy normotensive youth.}, Doi = {10.1007/s13142-012-0162-3}, Key = {fds277242} } @article{fds277165, Author = {Boyle, SH and Samad, Z and Becker, RC and Williams, R and Kuhn, C and Ortel, TL and Kuchibhatla, M and Prybol, K and Rogers, J and O'Connor, C and Velazquez, EJ and Jiang, W}, Title = {Depressive symptoms and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {75}, Number = {9}, Pages = {822-831}, Year = {2013}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182a893ae}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Adult patients with documented CHD were recruited for baseline mental stress and exercise stress screening testing as a part of the enrollment process of the Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment trial. Patients were administered the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. After a 24-48-hour β-blocker withdrawal, participants completed three mental stress tests followed by a treadmill exercise test. Ischemia was defined as a) any development or worsening of any wall motion abnormality and b) reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction at least 8% by transthoracic echocardiography and/or ischemic ST-segment change by electrocardiography during stress testing. MSIMI was considered present when ischemia occurred in at least one mental test. Data were analyzed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and resting left ventricular ejection fraction. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five (44.2%) of 283 patients were found to have MSIMI, and 93 (32.9%) had ESIMI. Unadjusted analysis showed that Beck Depression Inventory II scores were positively associated with the probability of MSIMI (odds ratio = 0.1.30: 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.60, p = .013) and number of MSIMI-positive tasks (all p < .005). These associations were still significant after adjustment for covariates (p values <.05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CHD, depressive symptoms were associated with a higher probability of MSIMI. These observations may enhance our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the association of depressive symptoms to future cardiovascular events. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00574847.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182a893ae}, Key = {fds277165} } @article{fds277166, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Jiang, R and Shah, SH and Becker, RC and Haynes, C and Chryst-Ladd, M and Craig, DM and Hauser, ER and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Singh, A and Williams, RB}, Title = {A functional polymorphism in the 5HTR2C gene associated with stress responses also predicts incident cardiovascular events.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {8}, Number = {12}, Pages = {e82781}, Editor = {Ahuja, SK}, Year = {2013}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8293 Duke open access}, Abstract = {Previously we have shown that a functional nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6318) of the 5HTR2C gene located on the X-chromosome is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a stress recall task, and with endophenotypes associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). These findings suggest that individuals carrying the rs6318 Ser23 C allele will be at higher risk for CVD compared to Cys23 G allele carriers. The present study examined allelic variation in rs6318 as a predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) among Caucasian participants consecutively recruited through the cardiac catheterization laboratory at Duke University Hospital (Durham, NC) as part of the CATHGEN biorepository. Study population consisted of 6,126 Caucasian participants (4,036 [65.9%] males and 2,090 [34.1%] females). A total of 1,769 events occurred (1,544 deaths and 225 MIs; median follow-up time = 5.3 years, interquartile range = 3.3-8.2). Unadjusted Cox time-to-event regression models showed, compared to Cys23 G carriers, males hemizygous for Ser23 C and females homozygous for Ser23C were at increased risk for the composite endpoint of all-cause death or MI: Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17, 1.84, p = .0008. Adjusting for age, rs6318 genotype was not related to body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking history, number of diseased coronary arteries, or left ventricular ejection fraction in either males or females. After adjustment for these covariates the estimate for the two Ser23 C groups was modestly attenuated, but remained statistically significant: HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.73, p = .005. These findings suggest that this functional polymorphism of the 5HTR2C gene is associated with increased risk for CVD mortality and morbidity, but this association is apparently not explained by the association of rs6318 with traditional risk factors or conventional markers of atherosclerotic disease.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082781}, Key = {fds277166} } @article{fds277170, Author = {Proeschold-Bell, RJ and Swift, R and Moore, HE and Bennett, G and Li, X-F and Blouin, R and Williams, VP and Williams Jr and RB and Toole, D}, Title = {Corrigendum to "Use of a randomized multiple baseline design: Rationale and design of the Spirited Life holistic health intervention study" [Contemp Clin Trials 35 (2013) 138-152] (DOI:10.1016/j.cct.2013.05.005)}, Journal = {Contemporary Clinical Trials}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {165-165}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {2013}, ISSN = {1551-7144}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2013.09.013}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2013.09.013}, Key = {fds277170} } @article{fds277171, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Singh, A and Jiang, R and Williams, RB and Harris, KM and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Socioeconomic indices as independent correlates of C-reactive protein in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {75}, Number = {9}, Pages = {882-893}, Year = {2013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163384}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to understand how SES may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and thus identify targets for prevention measures. METHODS: Path models were used to examine direct and indirect associations of four indices of SES (objective early life built environment ratings, parental and participant education, and income) with CRP measured during early adulthood using data from the National Longitudinal Adolescent Health Study (n = 11,371; mean age = 29 years, range = 24-32 years; 53.8% women, 28.0% black participants). The present study examined potential mediation of the association of SES with CRP by way of body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption within white and black men and women. RESULTS: BMI was a mediator of the relation between parent education and CRP for white men (path coefficient [γ] = -0.05, p < .001) and women (γ = -0.05, p < .001). Smoking mediated the income-CRP (γ = -0.01, p < .01) and the education-CRP (γ = -0.07, p < .001) relation for white men. BMI mediated the relation between all measures of SES and CRP for white women (γ values between -0.02 and -0.05; p values < .01). None of the risk factors mediated the SES-CRP relation in black participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the association of SES with CRP is influenced by both the timing and type of SES measure examined. In addition, race and sex play a role in how potential mediators are involved with the SES-CRP relationship, such that BMI and smoking were mediators in white men, whereas BMI was the sole mediator in white women.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000005}, Key = {fds277171} } @article{fds277175, Author = {Berger, JS and Becker, RC and Kuhn, C and Helms, MJ and Ortel, TL and Williams, R}, Title = {Hyperreactive platelet phenotypes: relationship to altered serotonin transporter number, transport kinetics and intrinsic response to adrenergic co-stimulation.}, Journal = {Thromb Haemost}, Volume = {109}, Number = {1}, Pages = {85-92}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0340-6245}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223800}, Abstract = {The mechanism underlying a hyperreactive platelet phenotype remains unknown. Since serotonin has been shown to influence platelet biology and atherothrombosis, we sought to investigate the association of platelet serotonin transporter number, binding affinity, and uptake kinetics with platelet aggregation. A total of 542 healthy volunteers had light transmittance platelet aggregometry measured in response to varying concentrations of epinephrine, serotonin, epinephrine plus serotonin, ADP and collagen. Transporter-dependent serotonin uptake rate was determined (Vmax), as were serotonin transporter number (Bmax) and binding affinity (Kd) using 3H paroxetine binding in a homologous displacement assay, nonlinear regression and validated algorithms for kinetic modelling. Stimulation with submaximal (2μM) epinephrine concentration elicited a distinct, bimodal pattern of platelet aggregation in this population. In contrast, subjects exhibited minimal aggregation in response to serotonin alone. Co-stimulation with submaximal epinephrine and serotonin induced platelet aggregation to a level beyond that observed with either agonist alone and maintained a bimodal response distribution. Subjects with heightened (>60%) platelet aggregation to both epinephrine alone and epinephrine plus serotonin exhibited increased platelet serotonin uptake, and transporter number and affinity. In a population of healthy subjects, co-stimulation with submaximal concentrations of epinephrine and serotonin identifies a subset of individuals with a hyperreactive platelet aggregation profile that is associated with changes in platelet serotonin function.}, Doi = {10.1160/TH12-03-0202}, Key = {fds277175} } @article{fds326259, Author = {Brummett, BH and Austin, SB and Welsh-Bohmer, KA and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Long-Term Impact of Caregiving and Metabolic Syndrome with Perceived Decline in Cognitive Function 8 Years Later: A Pilot Study Suggesting Important Avenues for Future Research.}, Journal = {Open Journal of Medical Psychology}, Volume = {2}, Number = {1}, Pages = {23-28}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2013.21005}, Abstract = {The chronic stress of caregiving has been associated with increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia. One theoretical model suggests that a group of risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome MET_SYN (e.g. hypertension, poor glucose regulation, central obesity, and high triglyceride levels) that have demonstrated associations with both stress and cognitive decline, may mediate the association between caregiver stress and cognitive decline. It is also possible that caregiving may moderate the association between MET_SYN and cognitive decline. The present study examined these two potential models. The study sample consisted of 53 caregivers for a relative with dementia and 24 participants who did not have caregiving responsibilities at baseline. We examined associations among caregiving history (yes/no), self-reported decline in cognitive function (the AD8) at follow-up, and a MET_SYN factor comprised of increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels at baseline when caregiving was assessed. MET_SYN was associated with AD8 (p = 0.010). Caregiving history was not directly associated with AD8 ratings, however, caregiving did moderate the association between MET_SYN and AD8 (p = 0.043) assessed 8 years later. In caregivers MET_SYN scores reflecting higher risk were associated with scores on the AD8 indicting decline, whereas, in controls MET_SYN was unrelated to AD8 assessment. Thus, it can be concluded that caregiver stress may increase the association between metabolic risk factors and decline in cognitive functioning up to 8 years later.}, Doi = {10.4236/ojmp.2013.21005}, Key = {fds326259} } @article{fds277366, Author = {Jiang, R and Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and adulthood chronic stress interact to affect depressive symptoms.}, Journal = {J Psychiatr Res}, Volume = {47}, Number = {2}, Pages = {233-239}, Year = {2013}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23140671}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: BDNF Val66Met by chronic stress interaction has been studied using childhood stress as a moderator, but has not been widely studied using chronic stress in adulthood. METHODS: Two independent samples were used: Duke-CG (238 Caucasians) and MESA (5524 Caucasians, African Americans and Hispanics). Chronic stress in Duke-CG was operationalized as having primary caregiving responsibility for a spouse or relative with diagnosed Alzheimer's disease or other major dementia; chronic stress in MESA was defined using chronic burden score constructed from self-reported problems of health (self and someone close), job, finance and relationships. CES-D scale was the measure of depression in both samples. The BDNF Val66Met by adulthood chronic stress interaction predicting CES-D was examined using linear regression, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: The main effect of BDNF Val66Met genotype on CES-D scores was non-significant (ps > 0.607) but the adulthood chronic stress indicator was significant (ps < 0.001) in both samples. The BDNF Val66Met genotype by adulthood chronic stress interaction was also significant (ps < 0.039) in both samples. The impact of chronic stress in adulthood on CES-D scores was significantly larger in Val/Val genotype individuals than Met carriers. CONCLUSION: We found in two independent samples that depression levels increased significantly more as a function of adulthood chronic stress Val/Val genotype carriers than Met carriers. Individuals with the Val/Val genotype and chronic stress exposure could be targeted for interventions designed to reduce risk of depression if this finding is confirmed in future studies.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.10.009}, Key = {fds277366} } @article{fds277176, Author = {Jiang, W and Samad, Z and Boyle, S and Becker, RC and Williams, R and Kuhn, C and Ortel, TL and Rogers, J and Kuchibhatla, M and O'Connor, C and Velazquez, EJ}, Title = {Prevalence and clinical characteristics of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease.}, Journal = {J Am Coll Cardiol}, Volume = {61}, Number = {7}, Pages = {714-722}, Year = {2013}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23410543}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia. BACKGROUND: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia is prevalent and a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease, but past studies mainly studied patients with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. METHODS: Eligible patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease, regardless of exercise stress testing status, underwent a battery of 3 mental stress tests followed by a treadmill test. Stress-induced ischemia, assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiography, was defined as: 1) development or worsening of regional wall motion abnormality; 2) left ventricular ejection fraction reduction ≥ 8%; and/or 3) horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression ≥ 1 mm in 2 or more leads lasting for ≥ 3 consecutive beats during at least 1 mental test or during the exercise test. RESULTS: Mental stress-induced ischemia occurred in 43.45%, whereas exercise-induced ischemia occurred in 33.79% (p = 0.002) of the study population (N = 310). Women (odds ratio [OR]: 1.88), patients who were not married (OR: 1.99), and patients who lived alone (OR: 2.24) were more likely to have mental stress-induced ischemia (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with married men or men living with someone, unmarried men (OR: 2.57) and married women (OR: 3.18), or living alone (male OR: 2.25 and female OR: 2.72, respectively) had higher risk for mental stress-induced ischemia (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mental stress-induced ischemia is more common than exercise-induced ischemia in patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease. Women, unmarried men, and individuals living alone are at higher risk for mental stress-induced ischemia. (Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment [REMIT]; NCT00574847).}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.037}, Key = {fds277176} } @article{fds277177, Author = {Jiang, R and Brummett, BH and Hauser, ER and Babyak, MA and Siegler, IC and Singh, A and Astrup, A and Pedersen, O and Hansen, T and Holst, C and Sørensen, TIA and Williams, RB}, Title = {Chronic family stress moderates the association between a TOMM40 variant and triglyceride levels in two independent Caucasian samples.}, Journal = {Biol Psychol}, Volume = {93}, Number = {1}, Pages = {184-189}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435269}, Abstract = {TOMM40 SNP rs157580 has been associated with triglyceride levels in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Chronic caregiving stress moderates the association between triglyceride levels and a nearby SNP rs439401 that is associated with triglyceride levels in GWAS. Here, we report data from two independent Caucasian samples (242 U.S. women and men; 466 Danish men) testing the hypothesis that chronic family stress also moderates the association between rs157580 and triglyceride levels. The interaction of rs157580 and family stress in predicting triglyceride levels was statistically significant in the U.S. sample (p=0.004) and marginally significant (p=0.075) in the Danish sample. The G allele of rs157580 was associated with increased triglyceride levels among family stressed cases in both samples compared with A/A cases, but not among controls. Chronic family stress moderates the association of rs157580 variants with triglyceride levels and should be taken into account for disease risk assessment and potential intervention.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.006}, Key = {fds277177} } @article{fds314993, Author = {Georgiades, A and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Surwit, RS and Kuhn, C and Grichnik, K and Stafford-Smith, M and Williams, RB}, Title = {EFFECT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SEROTONIN FUNCTION ON INFLAMMATION, ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {75}, Number = {3}, Pages = {A69-A69}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000330467400220&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314993} } @article{fds314992, Author = {Babyak, MA and Becker, RC and Helms, MJ and Jiang, R and Singh, A and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Ashley-Koch, A and Ortel, T and Williams, RB}, Title = {ADRENERGIC GENE VARIANTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PLATELET AGGREGATION TO EPINEPHRINE}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {75}, Number = {3}, Pages = {A87-A87}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000330467400276&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314992} } @article{fds314983, Author = {Lane, JD and Kuhn, CM and Surwit, RS and Siegler, IC and Brummett, BH and Williams, RB}, Title = {BLOOD PRESSURE 'NON-DIPPING' STATUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER OVERNIGHT EPINEPHRINE EXCRETION}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {75}, Number = {3}, Pages = {A31-A31}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000330467400104&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314983} } @article{fds314991, Author = {Williams, RB and Bishop, GD and Haberstick, BC and Smolen, A and Helms, MJ and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Babyak, MA and Zhang, X and Tai, ES and Lee, JM and Tan, M and Teo, Y-Y and Cai, S and Chan, E and Halpern, CT and Whitsel, EA and Shanahan, MJ and Bauldry, S and Harris, KM}, Title = {POPULATION DIFFERENCES IN ASSOCIATIONS OF SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM (5HTTLPR) DI- AND TRIALLELIC GENOTYPES WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {75}, Number = {3}, Pages = {A64-A64}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000330467400206&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314991} } @article{fds314981, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Jiang, R and Singh, A and Williams, RB and Harris, KM and Siegler, IC}, Title = {BIOBEHAVIORAL MEDIATORS OF SES EFFECTS ON CRP IN A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE US SAMPLE}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {75}, Number = {3}, Pages = {A70-A71}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000330467400226&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314981} } @article{fds277174, Author = {Jiang, W and Velazquez, EJ and Kuchibhatla, M and Samad, Z and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, C and Becker, RC and Ortel, TL and Williams, RB and Rogers, JG and O'Connor, C}, Title = {Effect of escitalopram on mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia: results of the REMIT trial.}, Journal = {Jama}, Volume = {309}, Number = {20}, Pages = {2139-2149}, Year = {2013}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23695483}, Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Mental stress can induce myocardial ischemia and also has been implicated in triggering cardiac events. However, pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) have not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of 6 weeks of escitalopram treatment vs placebo on MSIMI and other psychological stress-related biophysiological and emotional parameters. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The REMIT (Responses of Mental Stress Induced Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment) study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease and laboratory-diagnosed MSIMI. Enrollment occurred from July 24, 2007, through August 24, 2011, at a tertiary medical center. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to receive escitalopram (dose began at 5 mg/d, with titration to 20 mg/d in 3 weeks) or placebo over 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Occurrence of MSIMI, defined as development or worsening of regional wall motion abnormality; left ventricular ejection fraction reduction of 8% or more; and/or horizontal or down-sloping ST-segment depression of 1 mm or more in 2 or more leads, lasting for 3 or more consecutive beats, during 1 or more of 3 mental stressor tasks. RESULTS: Of 127 participants randomized to receive escitalopram (n = 64) or placebo (n = 63), 112 (88.2%) completed end point assessments (n = 56 in each group). At the end of 6 weeks, more patients taking escitalopram (34.2% [95% CI, 25.4%-43.0%]) had absence of MSIMI during the 3 mental stressor tasks compared with patients taking placebo (17.5% [95% CI, 10.4%-24.5%]), based on the unadjusted multiple imputation model for intention-to-treat analysis. A significant difference favoring escitalopram was observed (odds ratio, 2.62 [95% CI, 1.06-6.44]). Rates of exercise-induced ischemia were slightly lower at 6 weeks in the escitalopram group (45.8% [95% CI, 36.6%-55.0%]) than in patients receiving placebo (52.5% [95% CI, 43.3%-61.8%]), but this difference was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio; 1.24 [95% CI, 0.60-2.58]; P = .56). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with stable coronary heart disease and baseline MSIMI, 6 weeks of escitalopram, compared with placebo, resulted in a lower rate of MSIMI. There was no statistically significant difference in exercise-induced ischemia. Replication of these results in multicenter settings and investigations of other medications for reducing MSIMI are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00574847.}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.2013.5566}, Key = {fds277174} } @article{fds277173, Author = {Proeschold-Bell, RJ and Swift, R and Moore, HE and Bennett, G and Li, X-F and Blouin, R and Williams, VP and Williams, RB and Toole, D}, Title = {Use of a randomized multiple baseline design: rationale and design of the spirited life holistic health intervention study.}, Journal = {Contemp Clin Trials}, Volume = {35}, Number = {2}, Pages = {138-152}, Year = {2013}, Month = {July}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23685205}, Abstract = {Clergy suffer from high rates of obesity, chronic disease, and depression, and simultaneously underestimate the toll these take on their daily functioning. Health interventions are needed for clergy and may be tailored to their occupational context and theological beliefs. Few studies have sought to improve clergy health. No prior studies have utilized a randomized design. Spirited Life is a randomized, multiple baseline study that offered enrollment to nearly all United Methodist Church clergy in North Carolina in fall 2010. A total of 1114 clergy (response rate = 64%) enrolled. Using a multiple baseline design, we randomized participants to three cohorts. Each cohort began the health intervention in one of three consecutive years. The third cohort served as a randomized waitlist control cohort, allowing comparisons between the first and third cohorts. The two-year Spirited Life intervention consists of: 1) a theological underpinning for health stewardship based on incarnation, grace, and response and delivered during workshops; 2) the stress management program Williams LifeSkills; 3) Naturally Slim, an online weight loss program; 4) phone contact with a Wellness Advocate; and 5) $500 small grants for health goals. Metabolic syndrome is the primary endpoint. Stress and depressive severity are secondary endpoints. We measured each construct before, twice during, and at the end of the two-year intervention. Study outcomes, to be published after follow-up data are gathered, will provide evidence of the effectiveness of the combined intervention components of Spirited Life. If successful, the intervention may be considered for use with other clergy and faith populations.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2013.05.005}, Key = {fds277173} } @article{fds277164, Author = {Harris, KM and Halpern, CT and Hussey, J and Whitsel, EA and Killeya-Jones, L and Tabor, J and Elder, G and Hewitt, J and Shanahan, M and Williams, R and Siegler, I and Smolen, A}, Title = {Social, behavioral, and genetic linkages from adolescence into adulthood.}, Journal = {Am J Public Health}, Volume = {103 Suppl 1}, Number = {Suppl 1}, Pages = {S25-S32}, Year = {2013}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301181}, Abstract = {The influence of genetic factors on health and behavior is conditioned by social, cultural, institutional, and physical environments in which individuals live, work, and play. We encourage studies supporting multilevel integrative approaches to understanding these contributions to health, and describe the Add Health study as an exemplar. Add Health is a large sample of US adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in 1994-1995 followed into adulthood with 4 in-home interviews and biomarker collections, including DNA. In addition to sampling multiple environments and measuring diverse social and health behavior, Add Health features a fully articulated behavioral genetic sample (3000 pairs) and ongoing genotyping of 12,000 archived samples. We illustrate approaches to understanding health through investigation of the interplay among biological, psychosocial, and physical, contextual, or cultural experiences.}, Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2012.301181}, Key = {fds277164} } @article{fds314985, Author = {Samad, Z and Boyle, S and Vora, AN and Becker, RC and Ortel, TL and Kuhn, C and Williams, RB and Rogers, JG and O'Connor, C and Velazquez, EJ and Jiang, W}, Title = {Sex Differences in Platelet Reactivity, Cardiovascular and Psychological Response to Mental Stress in Patients With Known Coronary Artery Disease: Data From the Responses of Mental Stress Induced Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment Study}, Journal = {Circulation}, Volume = {128}, Number = {22}, Pages = {2 pages}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2013}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0009-7322}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000332162907153&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds314985} } @article{fds277157, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Williams, RB and Harris, KM and Jiang, R and Kraus, WE and Singh, A and Costa, PT and Georgiades, A and Siegler, IC}, Title = {A putatively functional polymorphism in the HTR2C gene is associated with depressive symptoms in white females reporting significant life stress.}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {9}, Number = {12}, Pages = {e114451}, Year = {2014}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114451}, Abstract = {Psychosocial stress is well known to be positively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. Cortisol response to stress may be one of a number of biological mechanisms that links psychological stress to depressive symptoms, although the precise causal pathway remains unclear. Activity of the x-linked serotonin 5-HTR2C receptor has also been shown to be associated with depression and with clinical response to antidepressant medications. We recently demonstrated that variation in a single nucleotide polymorphism on the HTR2C gene, rs6318 (Ser23Cys), is associated with different cortisol release and short-term changes in affect in response to a series of stress tasks in the laboratory. Based on this observation, we decided to examine whether rs6318 might moderate the association between psychosocial stress and subsequent depressive symptoms. In the present study we use cross-sectional data from a large population-based sample of young adult White men (N = 2,366) and White women (N = 2,712) in the United States to test this moderation hypothesis. Specifically, we hypothesized that the association between self-reported stressful life events and depressive symptoms would be stronger among homozygous Ser23 C females and hemizygous Ser23 C males than among Cys23 G carriers. In separate within-sex analyses a genotype-by-life stress interaction was observed for women (p = .022) but not for men (p = .471). Homozygous Ser23 C women who reported high levels of life stress had depressive symptom scores that were about 0.3 standard deviations higher than female Cys23 G carriers with similarly high stress levels. In contrast, no appreciable difference in depressive symptoms was observed between genotypes at lower levels of stress. Our findings support prior work that suggests a functional SNP on the HTR2C gene may confer an increased risk for depressive symptoms in White women with a history of significant life stress.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0114451}, Key = {fds277157} } @article{fds277163, Author = {Proeschold-Bell, RJ and Swift, R and Moore, HE and Bennett, G and Li, XF and Blouin, R and Williams, VP and Williams, RB and Toole, D}, Title = {Corrigendum to Use of a randomized multiple baseline design: Rationale and design of the Spirited Life holistic health intervention study [Contemp Clin Trials 35 (2013) 138-152]}, Journal = {Contemporary Clinical Trials}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {165}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1551-7144}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2013.09.013}, Doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2013.09.013}, Key = {fds277163} } @article{fds277172, Author = {Haberstick, BC and Lessem, JM and Hewitt, JK and Smolen, A and Hopfer, CJ and Halpern, CT and Killeya-Jones, LA and Boardman, JD and Tabor, J and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Mullan Harris, K}, Title = {MAOA genotype, childhood maltreatment, and their interaction in the etiology of adult antisocial behaviors.}, Journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, Volume = {75}, Number = {1}, Pages = {25-30}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726513}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Maltreatment by an adult or caregiver during childhood is a prevalent and important predictor of antisocial behaviors in adulthood. A functional promoter polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been implicated as a moderating factor in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and antisocial behaviors. Although there have been numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive. METHODS: We examined this gene-environment interaction hypothesis in a sample of 3356 white and 960 black men (aged 24-34) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. RESULTS: Primary analysis indicated that childhood maltreatment was a significant risk factor for later behaviors that violate rules and the rights of others (p < .05), there were no main effects of MAOA genotype, and MAOA genotype was not a significant moderator of the relationship between maltreatment and antisocial behaviors in our white sample. Post hoc analyses identified a similar pattern of results among our black sample in which maltreatment was not a significant predictor of antisocial behavior. Post hoc analyses also revealed a main effect of MAOA genotype on having a disposition toward violence in both samples and for violent convictions among our black sample. None of these post hoc findings, however, survived correction for multiple testing (p > .05). Power analyses indicated that these results were not due to insufficient statistical power. CONCLUSIONS: We could not confirm the hypothesis that MAOA genotype moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult antisocial behaviors.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.028}, Key = {fds277172} } @article{fds277158, Author = {Samad, Z and Boyle, S and Ersboll, M and Vora, AN and Zhang, Y and Becker, RC and Williams, R and Kuhn, C and Ortel, TL and Rogers, JG and O'Connor, CM and Velazquez, EJ and Jiang, W and REMIT Investigators}, Title = {Sex differences in platelet reactivity and cardiovascular and psychological response to mental stress in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: insights from the REMIT study.}, Journal = {J Am Coll Cardiol}, Volume = {64}, Number = {16}, Pages = {1669-1678}, Year = {2014}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0735-1097}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.087}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although emotional stress is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and related clinical events, sex-specific differences in the psychobiological response to mental stress have not been clearly identified. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the differential psychological and cardiovascular responses to mental stress between male and female patients with stable IHD. METHODS: Patients with stable IHD enrolled in the REMIT (Responses of Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram) study underwent psychometric assessments, transthoracic echocardiography, and platelet aggregation studies at baseline and after 3 mental stress tasks. Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) was defined as the development or worsening of regional wall motion abnormality, reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥8% by transthoracic echocardiography, and/or ischemic ST-segment change on electrocardiogram during 1 or more of the 3 mental stress tasks. RESULTS: In the 310 participants with known IHD (18% women, 82% men), most baseline characteristics were similar between women and men (including heart rate, blood pressure, and LVEF), although women were more likely to be nonwhite, living alone (p < 0.001), and unmarried (p < 0.001); they also had higher baseline depression and anxiety (p < 0.05). At rest, women had heightened platelet aggregation responses to serotonin (p = 0.007) and epinephrine (p = 0.004) compared with men. Following mental stress, women had more MSIMI (57% vs. 41%; p < 0.04), expressed more negative (p = 0.02) and less positive emotion (p < 0.001), and demonstrated higher collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation responses (p = 0.04) than men. Men were more likely than women to show changes in traditional physiological measures, such as blood pressure (p < 0.05) and double product. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory analysis, we identified clear, measurable, and differential responses to mental stress in women and men. Further studies should test the association of sex differences in cardiovascular and platelet reactivity in response to mental stress and long-term outcomes. (Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment [REMIT]; NCT00574847).}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.087}, Key = {fds277158} } @article{fds277159, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {A functional polymorphism in the HTR2C gene associated with stress responses: a validation study.}, Journal = {Biol Psychol}, Volume = {103}, Pages = {317-321}, Year = {2014}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0301-0511}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.10.006}, Abstract = {Previously we have shown that a functional nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6318 on the HTR2C gene located on the X-chromosome, is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a laboratory stress recall task. The present paper reports a validation of the cortisol response to stress in a second, independent sample. The study population consisted of 60 adult participants (73.3% males). Consistent with our prior findings, compared to Cys23 G allele carriers, persons homozygous for the Ser23C allele had a significantly greater average cortisol response (p=0.007) and area under the curve (p=0.021) over the course of an emotional stress recall protocol. Also parallel to our prior report, the change in cortisol from baseline to the average during the stress protocol was roughly twice as large among Ser23C homozygotes than among persons with Cys23 G. These findings validate our initial observation of association between rs6318 and cortisol response to an acute stressor, and extend the results to include females.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.10.006}, Key = {fds277159} } @article{fds314990, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Anger and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia: mechanisms and clinical implications.}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {169}, Number = {1}, Pages = {4-5}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0002-8703}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2014.09.003}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2014.09.003}, Key = {fds314990} } @article{fds277162, Author = {Boyle, SH and Georgiades, A and Brummett, BH and Barefoot, JC and Siegler, IC and Matson, WR and Kuhn, CM and Grichnik, K and Stafford-Smith, M and Williams, RB and Kaddurah-Daouk, R and Surwit, RS}, Title = {Associations between central nervous system serotonin, fasting glucose, and hostility in African American females.}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {49-57}, Year = {2015}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0883-6612}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9626-7}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown an association between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women. Central nervous system serotonin activity is implicated both in metabolic processes and in hostility related traits. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether central nervous system serotonin influences the association between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women. METHODS: The study consisted of 119 healthy volunteers (36 African American women, 27 White women, 21 White males, and 35 African American males, mean age 34 ± 8.5 years). Serotonin related compounds were measured in cerebrospinal fluid. Hostility was measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. RESULTS: Hostility was associated with fasting glucose and central nervous system serotonin related compounds in African American women only. Controlling for the serotonin related compounds significantly reduced the association of hostility to glucose. CONCLUSIONS: The positive correlation between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women can partly be explained by central nervous system serotonin function.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12160-014-9626-7}, Key = {fds277162} } @article{fds277156, Author = {Haberstick, BC and Smolen, A and Williams, RB and Bishop, GD and Foshee, VA and Thornberry, TP and Conger, R and Siegler, IC and Zhang, X and Boardman, JD and Frajzyngier, Z and Stallings, MC and Brent Donnellan, M and Halpern, CT and Harris, KM}, Title = {Population frequencies of the Triallelic 5HTTLPR in six Ethnicially diverse samples from North America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.}, Journal = {Behav Genet}, Volume = {45}, Number = {2}, Pages = {255-261}, Year = {2015}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0001-8244}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-014-9703-5}, Abstract = {Genetic differences between populations are potentially an important contributor to health disparities around the globe. As differences in gene frequencies influence study design, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the natural variation of the genetic variant(s) of interest. Along these lines, we characterized the variation of the 5HTTLPR and rs25531 polymorphisms in six samples from North America, Southeast Asia, and Africa (Cameroon) that differ in their racial and ethnic composition. Allele and genotype frequencies were determined for 24,066 participants. Results indicated higher frequencies of the rs25531 G-allele among Black and African populations as compared with White, Hispanic and Asian populations. Further, we observed a greater number of 'extra-long' ('XL') 5HTTLPR alleles than have previously been reported. Extra-long alleles occurred almost entirely among Asian, Black and Non-White Hispanic populations as compared with White and Native American populations where they were completely absent. Lastly, when considered jointly, we observed between sample differences in the genotype frequencies within racial and ethnic populations. Taken together, these data underscore the importance of characterizing the L-G allele to avoid misclassification of participants by genotype and for further studies of the impact XL alleles may have on the transcriptional efficiency of SLC6A4.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10519-014-9703-5}, Key = {fds277156} } @article{fds277155, Author = {Jiang, W and Boyle, SH and Ortel, TL and Samad, Z and Velazquez, EJ and Harrison, RW and Wilson, J and Kuhn, C and Williams, RB and O'Connor, CM and Becker, RC}, Title = {Platelet aggregation and mental stress induced myocardial ischemia: Results from the Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment (REMIT) study.}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {169}, Number = {4}, Pages = {496-507.e1}, Year = {2015}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0002-8703}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2014.12.002}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is common in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and associated with a poorer cardiovascular prognosis. Platelet hyperactivity is an important factor in acute coronary syndrome. This study examined associations between MSIMI and resting and mental stress-induced platelet activity. METHODS: Eligible patients with clinically stable IHD underwent a battery of 3 mental stress tests during the recruitment phase of REMIT study. MSIMI was assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiography. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, collagen, serotonin, and combinations of serotonin plus ADP, epinephrine, and collagen were evaluated as was platelet serotonin transporter expression. RESULTS: Of the 270 participants who completed mental stress testing, and had both resting and post-stress platelet aggregation evaluation , 43.33% (n=117) met criteria for MSIMI and 18.15% (n=49) had normal left ventricular response to stress (NLVR). The MSIMI group, relative to the NLVR groups, demonstrated heightened mental stress-induced aggregation responses, as measured by area under the curve, to collagen 10μM (6.95[5.54] vs. -14.23[8.75].; P=0.045), epinephrine 10μM (12.84[4.84] vs. -6.40[7.61].; P=0.037) and to serotonin 10 μM plus ADP 1 μM (6.64[5.29] vs. -27.34[8.34]; P<.001). The resting platelet aggregation and serotonin transporter expression, however, were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the dynamic change of platelet aggregation caused by mental stress may underlie MSIMI. While the importance of these findings requires additional investigation, they raise concern given the recognized relationship between mental stress-induced platelet hyperactivity and cardiovascular events in patients with IHD.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2014.12.002}, Key = {fds277155} } @article{fds277154, Author = {Boyle, SH and Matson, WR and Velazquez, EJ and Samad, Z and Williams, RB and Sharma, S and Thomas, B and Wilson, JL and O'Connor, C and Jiang, W}, Title = {Metabolomics analysis reveals insights into biochemical mechanisms of mental stress-induced left ventricular dysfunction.}, Journal = {Metabolomics : Official Journal of the Metabolomic Society}, Volume = {11}, Number = {3}, Pages = {571-582}, Year = {2015}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {1573-3882}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-014-0718-y}, Abstract = {Mental stress induced left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) has been associated with a greater risk of adverse events in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients independent of conventional risk indicators. The underlying biochemical mechanisms of this cardiovascular condition are poorly understood. Our objective was to use metabolomics technology to identify biochemical changes that co-occur with mental stress-induced LVD in patients with clinically stable CHD. Participants were adult CHD patients who were recruited for mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia screening. For this study, we randomly selected 30 patients representing the extremes of the mental stress-induced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change distribution; 15 who showed LVD (i.e. LVEF reduction ≥5) and 15 who showed a normal left ventricular response (NLVR; i.e. a LVEF increase of ≥5) to three mental stressors. An electrochemistry based metabolomics platform was used to profile pre- and post-stress serum samples yielding data for 22 known compounds, primarily within the tyrosine, tryptophan, purine and methionine pathways. There were significant stress-induced changes in several compounds. A comparison between the NLVR and LVD groups showed significant effects for kynurenine (p = .036, N-acetylserotonin (p = .054), uric acid (p = .015), tyrosine (p = .019) and a trend for methionine (p = .065); the NLVR group showed a significantly greater stress-induced reduction in all of those compounds compared to the LVD group. Many of these biochemicals have been implicated in other stress-related phenomena and are plausible candidates for mechanisms underlying LVD in response to mental stress.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11306-014-0718-y}, Key = {fds277154} } @article{fds277160, Author = {Singh, A and Babyak, MA and Nolan, DK and Brummett, BH and Jiang, R and Siegler, IC and Kraus, WE and Shah, SH and Williams, RB and Hauser, ER}, Title = {Gene by stress genome-wide interaction analysis and path analysis identify EBF1 as a cardiovascular and metabolic risk gene.}, Journal = {European Journal of Human Genetics : Ejhg}, Volume = {23}, Number = {6}, Pages = {854-862}, Year = {2015}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {1018-4813}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.189}, Abstract = {We performed gene-environment interaction genome-wide association analysis (G × E GWAS) to identify SNPs whose effects on metabolic traits are modified by chronic psychosocial stress in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In Whites, the G × E GWAS for hip circumference identified five SNPs within the Early B-cell Factor 1 (EBF1) gene, all of which were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The gene-by-stress interaction (SNP × STRESS) term P-values were genome-wide significant (Ps = 7.14E-09 to 2.33E-08, uncorrected; Ps = 1.99E-07 to 5.18E-07, corrected for genomic control). The SNP-only (without interaction) model P-values (Ps = 0.011-0.022) were not significant at the conventional genome-wide significance level. Further analysis of related phenotypes identified gene-by-stress interaction effects for waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, type II diabetes status, and common carotid intimal-medial thickness (CCIMT), supporting a proposed model of gene-by-stress interaction that connects cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor endophenotypes such as central obesity and increased blood glucose or diabetes to CVD itself. Structural equation path analysis suggested that the path from chronic psychosocial stress to CCIMT via hip circumference and fasting glucose was larger (estimate = 0.26, P = 0.033, 95% CI = 0.02-0.49) in the EBF1 rs4704963 CT/CC genotypes group than the same path in the TT group (estimate = 0.004, P = 0.34, 95% CI = -0.004-0.012). We replicated the association of the EBF1 SNPs and hip circumference in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (gene-by-stress term P-values = 0.007-0.012) as well as identified similar path relationships. This observed and replicated interaction between psychosocial stress and variation in the EBF1 gene may provide a biological hypothesis for the complex relationship between psychosocial stress, central obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.}, Doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2014.189}, Key = {fds277160} } @article{fds277153, Author = {Singh, A and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Jiang, R and Watkins, LL and Barefoot, JC and Kraus, WE and Shah, SH and Siegler, IC and Hauser, ER and Williams, RB}, Title = {Computing a Synthetic Chronic Psychosocial Stress Measurement in Multiple Datasets and its Application in the Replication of G × E Interactions of the EBF1 Gene.}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {39}, Number = {6}, Pages = {489-497}, Year = {2015}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0741-0395}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.21910}, Abstract = {Chronic psychosocial stress adversely affects health and is associated with the development of disease [Williams, 2008]. Systematic epidemiological and genetic studies are needed to uncover genetic variants that interact with stress to modify metabolic responses across the life cycle that are the proximal contributors to the development of cardiovascular disease and precipitation of acute clinical events. Among the central challenges in the field are to perform and replicate gene-by-environment (G × E) studies. The challenge of measurement of individual experience of psychosocial stress is magnified in this context. Although many research datasets exist that contain genotyping and disease-related data, measures of psychosocial stress are often either absent or vary substantially across studies. In this paper, we provide an algorithm to create a synthetic measure of chronic psychosocial stress across multiple datasets, applying a consistent criterion that uses proxy indicators of stress components. We validated the computed scores of chronic psychosocial stress by observing moderately strong and significant correlations with the self-rated chronic psychosocial stress in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort (Rho = 0.23, P < 0.0001) and with the measures of depressive symptoms in five datasets (Rho = 0.15-0.42, Ps = 0.005 to <0.0001) and by comparing the distributions of the self-rated and computed measures. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this computed chronic psychosocial stress variable by providing three additional replications of our previous finding of gene-by-stress interaction with central obesity traits [Singh et al., 2015].}, Doi = {10.1002/gepi.21910}, Key = {fds277153} } @article{fds314987, Author = {Haberstick, BC and Boardman, JD and Wagner, B and Smolen, A and Hewitt, JK and Killeya-Jones, LA and Tabor, J and Halpern, CT and Brummett, BH and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Hopfer, CJ and Mullan Harris, K}, Title = {Depression, Stressful Life Events, and the Impact of Variation in the Serotonin Transporter: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health).}, Journal = {Plos One}, Volume = {11}, Number = {3}, Pages = {e0148373}, Year = {2016}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148373}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The low transcriptionally efficient short-allele of the 5HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism has been implicated to moderate the relationship between the experience of stressful life events (SLEs) and depression. Despite numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive. METHODS: We examined this relationship in young-adult Non-Hispanic white males and females between the ages of 22 and 26 (n = 4724) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with follow-up information every six years since 1995. RESULTS: Linear and logistic regression models, corrected for multiple testing, indicated that carriers of one or more of the S-alleles were more sensitive to stress than those with two L-alleles and at a higher risk for depression. This relationship behaved in a dose-response manner such that the risk for depression was greatest among those who reported experiencing higher numbers of SLEs. In post-hoc analyses we were not able to replicate an interaction effect for suicide ideation but did find suggestive evidence that the effects of SLEs and 5HTTLPR on suicide ideation differed for males and females. There were no effects of childhood maltreatment. DISCUSSION: Our results provide partial support for the original hypothesis that 5-HTTLPR genotype interacts with the experience of stressful life events in the etiology of depression during young adulthood. However, even with this large sample, and a carefully constructed a priori analysis plan, the results were still not definitive. For the purposes of replication, characterizing the 5HTTLPR in other large data sets with extensive environmental and depression measures is needed.}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0148373}, Key = {fds314987} } @article{fds320372, Author = {Jiang, R and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Hauser, ER and Singh, A and Siegler, IC and Shah, SH and Haynes, C and Chryst-Ladd, M and Williams, RB}, Title = {Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Variants (RS6265) are Associated with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Outcomes in a Patient Sample}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {40}, Number = {7}, Pages = {643-643}, Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, Year = {2016}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds320372} } @article{fds320373, Author = {Singh, A and Hauser, ER and Johnson, JL and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Jiang, R and Slentz, CA and Huffman, KM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Kraus, WE}, Title = {Follow-up of GxE Interactions: EBF1 GxE Association, Synthetic Chronic Psychosocial Stress, and Dropout from a Structured Exercise Program}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {40}, Number = {7}, Pages = {662-663}, Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL}, Year = {2016}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds320373} } @article{fds322776, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Loneliness and social isolation and increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: clinical implications.}, Journal = {Heart}, Volume = {102}, Number = {24}, Pages = {2016}, Year = {2016}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310073}, Doi = {10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310073}, Key = {fds322776} } @article{fds323971, Author = {Feigal, JP and Boyle, SH and Samad, Z and Velazquez, EJ and Wilson, JL and Becker, RC and Williams, RB and Kuhn, CM and Ortel, TL and Rogers, JG and O'Connor, CM and Jiang, W}, Title = {Associations between positive emotional well-being and stress-induced myocardial ischemia: Well-being scores predict exercise-induced ischemia.}, Journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, Volume = {93}, Pages = {14-18}, Year = {2017}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.11.012}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Depressive symptoms have been associated with myocardial ischemia induced by mental (MSIMI) and exercise (ESIMI) stress in clinically stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients, but the association between positive emotions and inducible ischemia is less well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between ratings of well-being and stress-induced ischemia.<h4>Methods</h4>Subjects were adult patients with documented IHD underwent mental and exercise stress testing for the Responses of Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment (REMIT) trial. The General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS), with higher scores reflecting greater subjective well-being, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were obtained from the REMIT participants. Echocardiography was used to measure ischemic responses to mental stress and Bruce protocol treadmill exercise testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, resting left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and resting wall motion score index, as well as health-related behaviors.<h4>Results</h4>GWBS scores were obtained for 210 individuals, with MSIMI present in 92 (43.8%) and ESIMI present in 64 (30.5%). There was a significant inverse correlation between GWBS-PE (Positive Emotion subscale) scores and probability of ESIMI (OR=0.55 (95%CI 0.36-0.83), p=0.005). This association persisted after additional control for CESD subscales measuring negative and positive emotions and for variables reflecting health-related behaviors. A similar inverse correlation between GWBS-PE and MSIMI was observed, but did not reach statistical significance (OR=0.81 (95%CI 0.54-1.20), p=0.28).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This is, to our knowledge, the first study demonstrating that greater levels of self-reported positive emotions are associated with a lower likelihood of ESIMI among patients with known IHD. Our results highlight the important interface functions of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and underscore areas for future investigation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.11.012}, Key = {fds323971} } @article{fds324877, Author = {Williams, RB and Bishop, GD and Haberstick, BC and Smolen, A and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Babyak, MA and Zhang, X and Tai, ES and Lee, JJ-M and Tan, M and Teo, YY and Cai, S and Chan, E and Halpern, CT and Whitsel, EA and Bauldry, S and Harris, KM}, Title = {Population differences in associations of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) di- and triallelic genotypes with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence.}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {185}, Pages = {110-122}, Year = {2017}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2016.12.013}, Abstract = {UNLABELLED: Based on prior research finding the 5HTTLPR L allele associated with increased cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors and increased risk of myocardial infarction, we hypothesized that the 5HTTLPR L allele will be associated with increased blood pressure (BP) and increased hypertension prevalence in 2 large nationally representative samples in the United States and Singapore. METHODS: Logistic regression and linear models tested associations between triallelic (L'S', based on rs25531) 5HTTLPR genotypes and hypertension severity and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) collected during the Wave IV survey of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, N=11,815) in 2008-09 and during 2004-07 in 4196 Singaporeans. RESULTS: In US Whites, L' allele carriers had higher SBP (0.9 mm Hg, 95% CI=0.26-1.56) and greater odds (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.10-1.38) of more severe hypertension than those with S'S' genotypes. In African Americans, L' carriers had lower mean SBP (-1.27mm Hg, 95% CI=-2.53 to -0.01) and lower odds (OR = 0.78, 95% CI=0.65-0.94) of more severe hypertension than those with the S'S' genotype. In African Americans, those with L'L' genotypes had lower DBP (-1.13mm Hg, 95% CI=-2.09 to -0.16) than S' carriers. In Native Americans, L' carriers had lower SBP (-6.05mm Hg, 95% CI=-9.59 to -2.51) and lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.34, 95% CI=0.13-0.89) than those with the S'S' genotype. In Asian/Pacific Islanders those carrying the L' allele had lower DBP (-1.77mm Hg, 95% CI=-3.16 to -0.38) and lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.68, 95% CI=0.48-0.96) than those with S'S'. In the Singapore sample S' carriers had higher SBP (3.02mm Hg, 95% CI=0.54-5.51) and DBP (1.90mm Hg, 95% CI=0.49-3.31) than those with the L'L' genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Whites carrying the L' allele, African Americans and Native Americans with the S'S' genotype, and Asians carrying the S' allele will be found to be at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and may benefit from preventive measures.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2016.12.013}, Key = {fds324877} } @article{fds323972, Author = {Sun, JL and Boyle, SH and Samad, Z and Babyak, MA and Wilson, JL and Kuhn, C and Becker, RC and Ortel, TL and Williams, RB and Rogers, JG and O'Connor, CM and Velazquez, EJ and Jiang, W}, Title = {Mental stress-induced left ventricular dysfunction and adverse outcome in ischemic heart disease patients.}, Journal = {Eur J Prev Cardiol}, Volume = {24}, Number = {6}, Pages = {591-599}, Year = {2017}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487316686435}, Abstract = {Aims Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) occurs in up to 70% of patients with clinically stable ischemic heart disease and is associated with increased risk of adverse prognosis. We aimed to examine the prognostic value of indices of MSIMI and exercise stress-induced myocardial ischemia (ESIMI) in a population of ischemic heart disease patients that was not confined by having a recent positive physical stress test. Methods and results The Responses of Mental Stress Induced Myocardial Ischemia to Escitalopram Treatment (REMIT) study enrolled 310 subjects who underwent mental and exercise stress testing and were followed annually for a median of four years. Study endpoints included time to first and total rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as all-cause mortality and hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes. Cox and negative binomial regression adjusting for age, sex, resting left ventricular ejection fraction, and heart failure status were used to examine associations of indices of MSIMI and ESIMI with study endpoints. The continuous variable of mental stress-induced left ventricular ejection fraction change was significantly associated with both endpoints (all p values < 0.05). For every reduction of 5% in left ventricular ejection fraction induced by mental stress, patients had a 5% increase in the probability of a major adverse cardiovascular event at the median follow-up time and a 20% increase in the number of major adverse cardiovascular events endured over the follow-up period of six years. Indices of ESIMI did not predict endpoints ( ps > 0.05). Conclusion In patients with stable ischemic heart disease, mental, but not exercise, stress-induced left ventricular ejection fraction change significantly predicts risk of future adverse cardiovascular events.}, Doi = {10.1177/2047487316686435}, Key = {fds323972} } @article{fds326041, Author = {Jiang, R and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism interacts with gender to influence cortisol responses to mental stress.}, Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, Volume = {79}, Pages = {13-19}, Year = {2017}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.005}, Abstract = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with cortisol responses to stress with gender differences reported, although the findings are not entirely consistent. To evaluate the role of Val66Met genotype and gender on cortisol responses to stress, we conducted a 45-min mental stress protocol including four tasks and four rest periods. Blood cortisol was collected for assay immediately before and after each task and rest period. A significant two-way interaction of Val66Met genotype×gender (P=0.022) was observed on the total area under the curve (AUC), a total cortisol response over time, such that the Val/Val genotype was associated with a larger cortisol response to stress as compared to the Met group in women but not in men. Further contrast analyses between the Val/Val and Met group for each stress task showed a similar increased cortisol pattern among women Val/Val genotype but not among men. The present findings indicate the gender differences in the effect of Val66Met genotype on the cortisol responses to stress protocol, and extend the evidence for the importance of gender and the role of Val66Met in the modulation of stress reactivity and subsequent depression prevalence. Further studies and the underlying mechanism need to be investigated, which may provide an insight for prevention, intervention, and treatment strategies that target those at high risk.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.005}, Key = {fds326041} } @article{fds327309, Author = {Jiang, R and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Hauser, ER and Shah, SH and Becker, RC and Siegler, IC and Singh, A and Haynes, C and Chryst-Ladd, M and Craig, DM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265 (Val66Met) polymorphism is associated with disease severity and incidence of cardiovascular events in a patient cohort.}, Journal = {American Heart Journal}, Volume = {190}, Pages = {40-45}, Year = {2017}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2017.05.002}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rs6265 (Val66Met) single-nucleotide polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been related to a number of endophenotypes that have in turn been shown to confer risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, however, very few studies have examined the association of the Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism with CVD clinical outcomes. METHODS: In a cohort of 5,510 Caucasian patients enrolled in the CATHeterization GENetics (CATHGEN) study at Duke University Hospital between 2001 and 2011, we determined the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and CVD event incidence through up to 11.8years of follow-up. We examined the association of Val66Met genotype with time-to-death or myocardial infarction, adjusting for age, sex, CAD risk variables, and CAD severity measures. RESULTS: The Val/Val genotype was associated with a higher risk than Met carriers for clinical CVD events (P=.034, hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). In addition, compared with Met carriers, individuals with the Val/Val genotype had a greater odds of having more diseased vessels (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.30, P=.002), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (β=-0.72, 95% CI, -1.42 to -0.02, P=.044). CONCLUSIONS: The Val/Val genotype was associated with greater severity of CAD and incidence of CVD-related clinical events in a patient sample. If these findings are confirmed in further research, intervention studies in clinical groups with the Val/Val genotype could be undertaken to prevent disease and improve prognosis.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2017.05.002}, Key = {fds327309} } @article{fds326787, Author = {Proeschold-Bell, RJ and Turner, EL and Bennett, GG and Yao, J and Li, X-F and Eagle, DE and Meyer, RA and Williams, RB and Swift, RY and Moore, HE and Kolkin, MA and Weisner, CC and Rugani, KM and Hough, HJ and Williams, VP and Toole, DC}, Title = {A 2-Year Holistic Health and Stress Intervention: Results of an RCT in Clergy.}, Journal = {Am J Prev Med}, Volume = {53}, Number = {3}, Pages = {290-299}, Year = {2017}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.009}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study sought to determine the effect of a 2-year, multicomponent health intervention (Spirited Life) targeting metabolic syndrome and stress simultaneously. DESIGN: An RCT using a three-cohort multiple baseline design was conducted in 2010-2014. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Participants were United Methodist clergy in North Carolina, U.S., in 2010, invited based on occupational status. Of invited 1,745 clergy, 1,114 consented, provided baseline data, and were randomly assigned to immediate intervention (n=395), 1-year waitlist (n=283), or 2-year waitlist (n=436) cohorts for a 48-month trial duration. INTERVENTION: The 2-year intervention consisted of personal goal setting and encouragement to engage in monthly health coaching, an online weight loss intervention, a small grant, and three workshops delivering stress management and theological content supporting healthy behaviors. Participants were not blinded to intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trial outcomes were metabolic syndrome (primary) and self-reported stress and depressive symptoms (secondary). Intervention effects were estimated in 2016 in an intention-to-treat framework using generalized estimating equations with adjustment for baseline level of the outcome and follow-up time points. Log-link Poisson generalized estimating equations with robust SEs was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for binary outcomes; mean differences were used for continuous/score outcomes. RESULTS: Baseline prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 50.9% and depression was 11.4%. The 12-month intervention effect showed a benefit for metabolic syndrome (PR=0.86, 95% CI=0.79, 0.94, p<0.001). This benefit was sustained at 24 months of intervention (PR=0.88; 95% CI=0.78, 1.00, p=0.04). There was no significant effect on depression or stress scores. CONCLUSIONS: The Spirited Life intervention improved metabolic syndrome prevalence in a population of U.S. Christian clergy and sustained improvements during 24 months of intervention. These findings offer support for long-duration behavior change interventions and population-level interventions that allow participants to set their own health goals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01564719.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.009}, Key = {fds326787} } @article{fds330191, Author = {Jiang, R and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Hauser, ER and Haberstick, BC and Smolen, A and Siegler, IC and Harris, KM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Gender Differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met Variants and Stressful Life Events on Psychological and Metabolic Phenotypes}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {41}, Number = {7}, Pages = {665-665}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2017}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds330191} } @article{fds330190, Author = {Jiang, R and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Hauser, ER and Singh, A and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {The effect of Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met Variants on the Path from Psychosocial Stress to Depression, Body Mass Index and Pre-Clinical Atherosclerosis}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {41}, Number = {7}, Pages = {665-666}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2017}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds330190} } @article{fds339438, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Singh, A and Hauser, ER and Jiang, R and Huffman, KM and Kraus, WE and Shah, SH and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Lack of Association of a Functional Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptor Gene With Body Mass Index and Depressive Symptoms in a Large Meta-Analysis of Population Based Studies.}, Journal = {Frontiers in Genetics}, Volume = {9}, Pages = {423}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00423}, Abstract = {The serotonin receptor 5-HTR2C is thought to be involved in the function of multiple brain structures. Consequently, the HTR2C gene has been studied extensively with respect to its association with a variety of phenotypes. One coding variant in the HTR2C gene, Cys23Ser (rs6318), has been associated with depressive symptoms. and adiposity; however, these findings have been inconsistent. The reasons for this mixed picture may be due to low statistical power or due to other factors such as failure to account for possible interacting environmental factors, such as psychosocial stress. Further, the literature around this polymorphism is marked by limited inclusion of persons of African ancestry. The present study sought to overcome these limitations and definitively determine the relationship of this polymorphism with depressive and obesity phenotypes in a large sample meta-analysis. Thus, we harmonized individual level data from 10 studies including the Women's Health Initiative, CARDIA, ARIC, Framingham Offspring, and the Jackson Heart Study, resulting in a sample of 27,161 individuals (10,457 Black women, 2,819 Black men, 7,419 White women, and 6,466 White men). We conducted a random effects meta-analysis using individual level data to examine whether the Cys23Ser variant-either directly, or conditionally depending on the level of psychosocial stress-was associated with depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI). We found that psychosocial stress was associated with both depression and BMI, but that Cys23Ser was not directly associated with, nor did it modify the associations of psychosocial stress with depression or BMI. Thus, in the largest study of this polymorphism, we have determined that rs6318 is not associated with depression, or BMI.}, Doi = {10.3389/fgene.2018.00423}, Key = {fds339438} } @article{fds336099, Author = {Georgiades, A and Surwit, RS and Lane, JD and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Babyak, MA and Costa, P and Williams, RB}, Title = {REDUCED ADRENAL MEDULLARY ACTIVITY MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL GLUCOSE REGULATION IN THE OBESE STATE}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {80}, Number = {3}, Pages = {A65-A65}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2018}, Month = {April}, Key = {fds336099} } @article{fds336098, Author = {Singh, A and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Kraus, WE and Siegler, IC and Hauser, ER and Williams, RB}, Title = {Developing a synthetic psychosocial stress measure and harmonizing CVD-risk data: a way forward to GxE meta- and mega-analyses.}, Journal = {Bmc Research Notes}, Volume = {11}, Number = {1}, Pages = {504}, Year = {2018}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3595-z}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Among many challenges in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction are interactions of genes with stress, race, and/or sex and developing robust estimates of these interactions. Improved power with larger sample size contributed by the accumulation of epidemiological data could be helpful, but integration of these datasets is difficult due the absence of standardized phenotypic measures. In this paper, we describe the details of our undertaking to harmonize a dozen datasets and provide a detailed account of a number of decisions made in the process. RESULTS: We harmonized candidate genetic variants and CVD-risk variables related to demography, adiposity, hypertension, lipodystrophy, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, depressive symptom, and chronic psychosocial stress from a dozen studies. Using our synthetic stress algorithm, we constructed a synthetic chronic psychosocial stress measure in nine out of twelve studies where a formal self-rated stress measure was not available. The mega-analytic partial correlation between the stress measure and depressive symptoms while controlling for the effect of study variable in the combined dataset was significant (Rho = 0.27, p < 0.0001). This evidence of the validity and the detailed account of our data harmonization approaches demonstrated that it is possible to overcome the inconsistencies in the collection and measurement of human health risk variables.}, Doi = {10.1186/s13104-018-3595-z}, Key = {fds336098} } @article{fds338217, Author = {Clemow, LP and Pickering, TG and Davidson, KW and Schwartz, JE and Williams, VP and Shaffer, JA and Williams, RB and Gerin, W}, Title = {Stress management in the workplace for employees with hypertension: a randomized controlled trial.}, Journal = {Transl Behav Med}, Volume = {8}, Number = {5}, Pages = {761-770}, Year = {2018}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby018}, Abstract = {While behavioral interventions can improve blood pressure (BP) in individuals with hypertension, getting such services to people who could benefit remains difficult. Workplace programs have potential as dissemination vehicles. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized stress management program delivered in groups at the workplace for reducing BP compared with enhanced usual care. This randomized controlled trial studied 92 urban medical center employees with hypertension randomized into two groups. The intervention was a 10-week group workshop on cognitive-behavioral coping skills. Enhanced usual care included self-help materials for BP reduction and physician referral. Intervention group participants' systolic BP (SBP) decreased 7.5 mm Hg over controls between baseline and follow-up, from 149.1 (95% CI: 146.0-152.1) to 140.0 (95% CI: 134.7-145.2), p < .001. The differential change between intervention and enhanced usual care groups (Group × Time interaction) was 7.5 mm Hg (t = -2.05; p = .04). Diastolic BP reductions were not significantly different. Scores on measures of emotional exhaustion and depressive rumination showed significant improvements and correlated with reductions in SBP. There was no significant change in the usual care group. A standardized worksite group intervention produced clinically meaningful reductions in SBP in participants with hypertension.}, Doi = {10.1093/tbm/iby018}, Key = {fds338217} } @article{fds339436, Author = {Jiang, R and Kwee, L and Shah, SH and Singh, A and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Hauser, ER}, Title = {Understanding of DNA methylation in the biological basis of stress related cardiovascular disease}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {42}, Number = {7}, Pages = {708-708}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2018}, Month = {October}, Key = {fds339436} } @article{fds339437, Author = {Singh, A and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Kraus, WE and Siegler, IC and Hauser, ER and Williams, RB}, Title = {Harmonizing psychosocial stress and CVD-risk variables for developing robust estimates of GxE analyses}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {42}, Number = {7}, Pages = {731-731}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {2018}, Month = {October}, Key = {fds339437} } @article{fds355733, Author = {Jiang, R and Huffman, KM and Hauser, ER and Hubal, MJ and Slentz, CA and Johnson, JL and Babyak, M and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Kraus, WE}, Title = {Genome-wide Analysis of Non-completion of Controlled Exercise Trials in Sedentary Adults}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {43}, Number = {7}, Pages = {885-886}, Year = {2019}, Key = {fds355733} } @article{fds339435, Author = {Do, EK and Haberstick, BC and Williams, RB and Lessem, JM and Smolen, A and Siegler, IC and Fuemmeler, BF}, Title = {The role of genetic and environmental influences on the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and BMI.}, Journal = {Int J Obes (Lond)}, Volume = {43}, Number = {1}, Pages = {33-42}, Year = {2019}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0236-5}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been previously associated with concurrent and later obesity in adulthood, the etiology of this association remains unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the shared genetic effects of ADHD symptoms and BMI in a large sample of sibling pairs, consider how these shared effects may vary over time, and examine potential sex differences. SUBJECT/METHODS: Sibling pair data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health); childhood ADHD symptoms were reported retrospectively during young adulthood, while three prospective measurements of BMI were available from young adulthood to later adulthood. Cholesky decomposition models were fit to this data using Mx and maximum-likelihood estimation. The twin and sibling sample for these analyses included: 221 monozygotic (MZ) pairs (92 male-male, 139 female-female), 228 dizygotic (DZ) pairs (123 male-male, 105 female-female), 471 full-sibling (FS) pairs (289 male-male, 182 female-female), 106 male-female DZ twin pairs, and 234 male-female FS pairs. RESULTS: The magnitude of the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and BMI changed over time and by sex. The etiological relationship between childhood ADHD symptoms and the three prospective measurements of BMI differed for males and females, such that unique or non-shared environmental influences contributed to the relationship within males and genetic factors contributed to the relationship within females. Specifically, among females, genetic influences on childhood ADHD symptoms were partially shared with those effecting BMI and increased from adolescence to later adulthood (genetic correlation = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.07-0.36) in adolescence and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.41) in adulthood). CONCLUSION: Genetic influences on ADHD symptoms in childhood are partially shared with those effecting obesity. However, future research is needed to determine why this association is limited to females.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41366-018-0236-5}, Key = {fds339435} } @article{fds338216, Author = {Boyle, SH and Brummett, BH and Kuhn, CM and Barefoot, JC and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Georgiades, A}, Title = {The Effects of Tryptophan Enhancement and Depletion on Plasma Catecholamine Levels in Healthy Individuals.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {81}, Number = {1}, Pages = {34-40}, Year = {2019}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000637}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Central nervous system (CNS) serotonin (5-HT) exerts both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in animals. In this study, we examine the effects of tryptophan enhancement and depletion on plasma catecholamine levels in humans. METHODS: The total sample consisted of 164 healthy men and women who were tested for 2 days. Seventy-nine participants were randomized to a tryptophan enhancement condition and 85 to a tryptophan depletion condition. Both protocols consisted of a "sham day," followed by an "active day." Blood samples for assessment of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were collected before and after tryptophan enhancement/depletion. Data were analyzed using general linear models. Separate analyses were conducted for each study arm and for each measure. RESULTS: In the depletion condition, both epinephrine (F(5,330) = 2.69, p = .021) and norepinephrine (F(5,335) = 2.79, p = .018) showed small increases on active versus "sham" depletion days. There were also significant day by time interactions for epinephrine (F(3,171) = 39.32, p < .0001) and norepinephrine (F(3,195) = 31.09, p < .0001) levels in the enhancement arm. Tryptophan infusion resulted in a marked increase in epinephrine (Premean = 23.92 (12.23) versus Postmean = 81.57 (62.36)) and decrease in norepinephrine (Premean = 257.2 (106.11) versus Postmean = 177.04 (87.15)), whereas levels of both catecholamines were stable on the "sham day." CONCLUSIONS: CNS 5-HT exerts both inhibitory and excitatory effects on SNS activity in humans, potentially due to stimulation of CNS 5-HT receptors that have shown to have inhibitory (5-HT1A) and excitatory (5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2) SNS effects in animal models.}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000637}, Key = {fds338216} } @article{fds341568, Author = {Fanaroff, AC and Prather, K and Brucker, A and Wojdyla, D and Davidson-Ray, L and Mark, DB and Williams, RB and Barefoot, J and Weisz, G and Ben-Yehuda, O and Stone, GW and Ohman, EM and Alexander, KP}, Title = {Relationship Between Optimism and Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Angina Pectoris.}, Journal = {Am J Cardiol}, Volume = {123}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1399-1405}, Year = {2019}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.01.036}, Abstract = {Greater optimism regarding recovery from chronic illness is associated with improved quality of life and clinical outcomes. We performed a post-hoc analysis on the association between optimism and outcomes in Ranolazine in Patients with Incomplete Revascularization after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (RIVER-PCI), a randomized trial in patients with chronic angina pectoris who had incomplete revascularization following percutaneous coronary intervention. At baseline, patients answered how much they agreed with the phrase, "I am optimistic about my future and returning to a normal lifestyle." We evaluated the association between baseline optimism and time to ischemia-driven hospitalization or revascularization using a Cox model, and the association between baseline optimism and change in frequency of angina pectoris using a mixed measures model. Of 2,389 patients, 782 (33.2%) were very optimistic ("strongly agree"), 1,000 (42.4%) were optimistic ("agree"), 451 (19.1%) were neutral ("undecided"), and 123 (5.2%) were not optimistic ("disagree" or "strongly disagree"). Very optimistic patients had a lower prevalence of co-morbidities and less severe angina at baseline than less optimistic patients. The rate of ischemia-driven revascularization or hospitalization was higher in neutral and not optimistic patients compared with very optimistic patients; this finding persisted after adjustment for co-morbidities and baseline angina frequency (hazard ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.77 for neutral vs very optimistic; hazard ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.94 for not optimistic vs very optimistic). Neutral and not optimistic patients also had less improvement in angina than very optimistic patients. In conclusion, in patients with angina, those with more self-reported optimism had better health status outcomes. Whether structured interventions targeting optimism improve outcomes in these patients warrants further study.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.01.036}, Key = {fds341568} } @article{fds343496, Author = {Georgiades, A and Reavis, ZW and Williams, RB and Kuhn, CM and Kraus, WE and Huffman, KM and Lane, JD and Costa, P and Siegler, IC and Surwit, RS}, Title = {EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL AND NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID LEVELS DURING AN INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACUTE INSULIN RESPONSE (AIR), AN EARLY RISK MARKER FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {81}, Number = {4}, Pages = {A42-A42}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2019}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds343496} } @article{fds343495, Author = {Reavis, ZW and Kuhn, CM and Williams, RB and Surwit, RS and Kraus, WE and Huffman, KM and Lane, JD and Costa, P and Siegler, IC and Georgiades, A}, Title = {EIGHT-MONTH STABILITY OF PLASMA EPINEPHRINE AND CORTISOL IN FASTED ADULTS AT BASELINE AND IN RESPONSE TO A GLUCOSE BOLUS}, Journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine}, Volume = {81}, Number = {4}, Pages = {A41-A42}, Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {2019}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds343495} } @article{fds346904, Author = {Abdulrahim, JW and Kwee, LC and Grass, E and Siegler, IC and Williams, R and Karra, R and Kraus, WE and Gregory, SG and Shah, SH}, Title = {Epigenome-Wide Association Study for All-Cause Mortality in a Cardiovascular Cohort Identifies Differential Methylation in Castor Zinc Finger 1 (CASZ1).}, Journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association}, Volume = {8}, Number = {21}, Pages = {e013228}, Year = {2019}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013228}, Abstract = {Background DNA methylation is implicated in many chronic diseases and may contribute to mortality. Therefore, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for all-cause mortality with whole-transcriptome data in a cardiovascular cohort (CATHGEN [Catheterization Genetics]). Methods and Results Cases were participants with mortality≥7 days postcatheterization whereas controls were alive with≥2 years of follow-up. The Illumina Human Methylation 450K and EPIC arrays (Illumina, San Diego, CA) were used for the discovery and validation sets, respectively. A linear model approach with empirical Bayes estimators adjusted for confounders was used to assess difference in methylation (Δβ). In the discovery set (55 cases, 49 controls), 25 629 (6.5%) probes were differently methylated (P<0.05). In the validation set (108 cases, 108 controls), 3 probes were differentially methylated with a false discovery rate-adjusted P<0.10: cg08215811 (SLC4A9; log2 fold change=-0.14); cg17845532 (MATK; fold change=-0.26); and cg17944110 (castor zinc finger 1 [CASZ1]; FC=0.26; P<0.0001; false discovery rate-adjusted P=0.046-0.080). Meta-analysis identified 6 probes (false discovery rate-adjusted P<0.05): the 3 above, cg20428720 (intergenic), cg17647904 (NCOR2), and cg23198793 (CAPN3). Messenger RNA expression of 2 MATK isoforms was lower in cases (fold change=-0.24 [P=0.007] and fold change=-0.61 [P=0.009]). The CASZ1, NCOR2, and CAPN3 transcripts did not show differential expression (P>0.05); the SLC4A9 transcript did not pass quality control. The cg17944110 probe is located within a potential regulatory element; expression of predicted targets (using GeneHancer) of the regulatory element, UBIAD1 (P=0.01) and CLSTN1 (P=0.03), were lower in cases. Conclusions We identified 6 novel methylation sites associated with all-cause mortality. Methylation in CASZ1 may serve as a regulatory element associated with mortality in cardiovascular patients. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these observations.}, Doi = {10.1161/JAHA.119.013228}, Key = {fds346904} } @article{fds346730, Author = {Brummett, BH and Babyak, MA and Jiang, R and Huffman, KM and Kraus, WE and Singh, A and Hauser, ER and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Systolic Blood Pressure and Socioeconomic Status in a large multi-study population.}, Journal = {Ssm Population Health}, Volume = {9}, Pages = {100498}, Year = {2019}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100498}, Abstract = {The present study used harmonized data from eight studies (N = 28,891) to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP). The study replicates and extends our prior work on this topic by examining potential moderation of this association by race and gender. We also examined the extent to which body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and smoking might explain the association between SES and SBP. Data were available from six race/gender groups: 9200 Black women; 2337 Black men; 7248 White women; 6519 White men; 2950 Hispanic women; and 637 Hispanic men. Multivariable regression models showed that greater annual household income was associated with lower SBP in all groups except Hispanic men. The magnitude and form of this negative association differed across groups, with White women showing the strongest linear negative association. Among Black men and Hispanic women, the association was curvilinear: relatively flat among lower income levels, but then negative among higher income ranges. Education also was independently, negatively related to SBP, though evidence was weaker for race and gender differences in the strength of the association. Higher BMI and WC were associated with higher SBP, and current smoking with lower SBP. Inclusion of these risk factors resulted in only a modest change in the magnitude of the SBP and SES relation, accounting on average about 0.4 mmHg of the effect of income and 0.2 mmHg of the effect of education-effects unlikely to be clinically significant. Further understanding of mechanisms underlying the association between SBP and SES may improve risk stratification in clinical settings and potentially inform interventions aimed at reductions in social disparities in health.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100498}, Key = {fds346730} } @article{fds351014, Author = {Jiang, R and Huffman, KM and Hauser, ER and Huebner, JL and Hubal, MJ and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Kraus, WE}, Title = {The role of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) genetic variants in exercise training}, Journal = {Genetic Epidemiology}, Volume = {44}, Number = {5}, Pages = {491-492}, Year = {2020}, Key = {fds351014} } @article{fds351015, Author = {Williams, RB and Williams, V}, Title = {THE WILLIAMS LIFESKILLS PROGRAM - A MEANS OF DELIVERING COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL STRESS MANAGEMENT AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TRAINING IN DIVERSE CULTURES AROUND THE WORLD}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {54}, Pages = {S206-S206}, Year = {2020}, Key = {fds351015} } @article{fds351016, Author = {Fisher, EB and Lorig, K and Williams, RB and Dekker, J and Tang, PY}, Title = {DEFINING THE "IT" IN DISSEMINATION - CONCEPTUALIZATIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL EFFORTS}, Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {54}, Pages = {S205-S205}, Year = {2020}, Key = {fds351016} } @article{fds349305, Author = {Surwit, RS and Williams, RB and Siegler, IC and Lane, JD and Helms, M and Applegate, KL and Zucker, N and Feinglos, MN and McCaskill, CM and Barefoot, JC}, Title = {Erratum. Hostility, race, and glucose metabolism in nondiabetic individuals. Diabetes Care 2002;25:835-839.}, Journal = {Diabetes Care}, Volume = {43}, Number = {3}, Pages = {691}, Year = {2020}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc20-er03}, Doi = {10.2337/dc20-er03}, Key = {fds349305} } @article{fds347364, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Suarez, EC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Corrigendum to "Socioeconomic status moderates associations between CNS serotonin and expression of beta2-integrins CD11b and CD11c" [J. Psychiatr Res. (2010) 44:373-377].}, Journal = {J Psychiatr Res}, Volume = {126}, Pages = {142}, Year = {2020}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.003}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.003}, Key = {fds347364} } @article{fds349791, Author = {Meyer, T and Rothe, I and Staab, J and Deter, H-C and Fangauf, SV and Hamacher, S and Hellmich, M and Jünger, J and Ladwig, K-H and Michal, M and Petrowski, K and Ronel, J and Söllner, W and Weber, C and de Zwaan, M and Williams, RB and Albus, C and Herrmann-Lingen, C and SPIRR-CAD Investigators}, Title = {Length Polymorphisms in the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene and the Serotonin-Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region Constitute a Risk Haplotype for Depression in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.}, Journal = {Biochem Genet}, Volume = {58}, Number = {4}, Pages = {631-648}, Year = {2020}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10528-020-09967-w}, Abstract = {Genetic variations affecting the course of depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have not yet been well studied. Therefore, we set out to investigate whether distinct haplotypes of the two insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene located on chromosome 17 can be identified as risk factors for trajectories of depression. Clinical and genotyping data were derived from 507 depressed CAD patients participating in the randomized, controlled, multicenter Stepwise Psychotherapy Intervention for Reducing Risk in Coronary Artery Disease (SPIRR-CAD) trial, of whom the majority had an acute cardiac event before study inclusion. Depression scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were assessed at baseline and at five follow-up time points up to 2 years after study entrance. At baseline, depression scores did not significantly differ between patients carrying the risk haplotype ACE D/D, 5-HTTLPR I/I (n = 46) and the non-risk haplotypes (n = 461, 10.9 ± 2.7 versus 10.4 ± 2.5, p = 0.254). HADS-depression scores declined from study inclusion during the first year irrespective of the genotype. At each follow-up time point, HADS-depression scores were significantly higher in ACE D/D, 5-HTTLPR I/I carriers than in their counterparts. Two years after study inclusion, the mean HADS depression score remained 1.8 points higher in patients with the risk haplotype as compared to subjects not carrying this haplotype (9.9 ± 4.2 versus 8.1 ± 4.0, p = 0.009). In summary, the presence of the ACE D/D, 5-HTTLPR I/I haplotype may be a vulnerability factor for comorbid depressive symptoms in CAD patients.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10528-020-09967-w}, Key = {fds349791} } @article{fds352829, Author = {Singh, A and Babyak, MA and Sims, M and Musani, SK and Brummett, BH and Jiang, R and Kraus, WE and Shah, SH and Siegler, IC and Hauser, ER and Williams, RB}, Title = {Evaluating the precision of EBF1 SNP x stress interaction association: sex, race, and age differences in a big harmonized data set of 28,026 participants.}, Journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {1}, Pages = {351}, Year = {2020}, Month = {October}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01028-5}, Abstract = {In prior work, we identified a novel gene-by-stress association of EBF1's common variation (SNP rs4704963) with obesity (i.e., hip, waist) in Whites, which was further strengthened through multiple replications using our synthetic stress measure. We now extend this prior work in a precision medicine framework to find the risk group using harmonized data from 28,026 participants by evaluating the following: (a) EBF1 SNPxSTRESS interaction in Blacks; (b) 3-way interaction of EBF1 SNPxSTRESS with sex, race, and age; and (c) a race and sex-specific path linking EBF1 and stress to obesity to fasting glucose to the development of cardiometabolic disease risk. Our findings provided additional confirmation that genetic variation in EBF1 may contribute to stress-induced human obesity, including in Blacks (P = 0.022) that mainly resulted from race-specific stress due to "racism/discrimination" (P = 0.036) and "not meeting basic needs" (P = 0.053). The EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction differed significantly (P = 1.01e-03) depending on the sex of participants in Whites. Race and age also showed tentative associations (Ps = 0.103, 0.093, respectively) with this interaction. There was a significant and substantially larger path linking EBF1 and stress to obesity to fasting glucose to type 2 diabetes for the EBF1 minor allele group (coefficient = 0.28, P = 0.009, 95% CI = 0.07-0.49) compared with the same path for the EBF1 major allele homozygotes in White females and also a similar pattern of the path in Black females. Underscoring the race-specific key life-stress indicators (e.g., racism/discrimination) and also the utility of our synthetic stress, we identified the potential risk group of EBF1 and stress-induced human obesity and cardiometabolic disease.}, Doi = {10.1038/s41398-020-01028-5}, Key = {fds352829} } @article{fds352413, Author = {Jiang, R and Babyak, MA and Brummett, BH and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Williams, RB}, Title = {Corrigendum to "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism interacts with gender to influence cortisol responses to mental stress" [Psychoneuroendocrinology 79 (2017) (May) 13-19].}, Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, Volume = {121}, Pages = {104861}, Year = {2020}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104861}, Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104861}, Key = {fds352413} } @article{fds351216, Author = {Jonassaint, CR and Siegler, IC and Barefoot, JC and Edwards, CL and Suarez, EC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Correction to: Low Life Course Socioeconomic Status (SES) Is Associated with Negative NEO PI-R Personality Patterns.}, Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Medicine}, Volume = {27}, Number = {6}, Pages = {737}, Year = {2020}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09923-3}, Abstract = {After the publication of the original article, the Editor was notified by Duke University that they have determined the authorship to be incomplete. Consequently, Dr Edward Suarez has been added as a co-author to represent his contribution to the conception and design of the work and acquisition of the data.}, Doi = {10.1007/s12529-020-09923-3}, Key = {fds351216} } @article{fds355094, Author = {Reavis, ZW and Mirjankar, N and Sarangi, S and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Matson, WR and Babyak, MA and Matson, SA and Siegler, IC and Kaddurah-Daouk, R and Suarez, EC and Williams, RB and Grichnik, K and Stafford-Smith, M and Georgiades, A}, Title = {Sex and race differences of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in healthy individuals.}, Journal = {Metabolomics}, Volume = {17}, Number = {2}, Pages = {13}, Year = {2021}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01757-0}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites in large, healthy samples have been limited and potential demographic moderators of brain metabolism are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: Our objective in this study was to examine sex and race differences in 33 CSF metabolites within a sample of 129 healthy individuals (37 African American women, 29 white women, 38 African American men, and 25 white men). METHODS: CSF metabolites were measured with a targeted electrochemistry-based metabolomics platform. Sex and race differences were quantified with both univariate and multivariate analyses. Type I error was controlled for by using a Bonferroni adjustment (0.05/33 = .0015). RESULTS: Multivariate Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of the 33 metabolites showed correct classification of sex at an average rate of 80.6% and correct classification of race at an average rate of 88.4%. Univariate analyses revealed that men had significantly higher concentrations of cysteine (p < 0.0001), uric acid (p < 0.0001), and N-acetylserotonin (p = 0.049), while women had significantly higher concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (p = 0.001). African American participants had significantly higher concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine (p = 0.018), while white participants had significantly higher concentrations of kynurenine (p < 0.0001), indoleacetic acid (p < 0.0001), xanthine (p = 0.001), alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.007), cysteine (p = 0.029), melatonin (p = 0.036), and 7-methylxanthine (p = 0.037). After the Bonferroni adjustment, the effects for cysteine, uric acid, and 5-HIAA were still significant from the analysis of sex differences and kynurenine and indoleacetic acid were still significant from the analysis of race differences. CONCLUSION: Several of the metabolites assayed in this study have been associated with mental health disorders and neurological diseases. Our data provide some novel information regarding normal variations by sex and race in CSF metabolite levels within the tryptophan, tyrosine and purine pathways, which may help to enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying sex and race differences and potentially prove useful in the future treatment of disease.}, Doi = {10.1007/s11306-020-01757-0}, Key = {fds355094} } @article{fds355385, Author = {Schneiderman, N and Chesney, MA and Williams, RB and Lane, RD and Deter, H-C}, Title = {A Tribute to Kristina Orth-Gomér - an Outstanding Scientist for Women's Health in Behavioral and Psychosomatic Medicine.}, Journal = {Psychosom Med}, Volume = {83}, Number = {2}, Pages = {106-108}, Year = {2021}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000906}, Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000906}, Key = {fds355385} } @article{fds354177, Author = {Brummett, BH and Muller, CL and Collins, AL and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Siegler, IC and Williams, RB and Suarez, EC and Ashley-Koch, A}, Title = {Correction to: 5-HTTLPR and Gender Moderate Changes in Negative Affect Responses to Tryptophan Infusion.}, Journal = {Behav Genet}, Volume = {51}, Number = {2}, Pages = {163}, Year = {2021}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-020-10030-y}, Abstract = {© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. After the publication of original article, the Editor was notified by Duke University that they have determined the authorship to be incomplete. Consequently, Dr. Edward Suarez has been added as a co-author to this article to represent his contribution to the conception and design of the work and acquisition of the data.}, Doi = {10.1007/s10519-020-10030-y}, Key = {fds354177} } @article{fds354285, Author = {Brummett, BH and Boyle, SH and Siegler, IC and Kuhn, CM and Ashley-Koch, A and Jonassaint, CR and Züchner, S and Collins, A and Suarez, EC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Correction to: Effects of Environmental Stress and Gender on Associations among Symptoms of Depression and the Serotonin Transporter Gene Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR).}, Journal = {Behav Genet}, Volume = {51}, Number = {2}, Pages = {162}, Year = {2021}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-020-10029-5}, Doi = {10.1007/s10519-020-10029-5}, Key = {fds354285} } @article{fds357275, Author = {Reavis, ZW and Mirjankar, N and Sarangi, S and Boyle, SH and Kuhn, CM and Matson, WR and Babyak, MA and Matson, SA and Siegler, IC and Kaddurah-Daouk, R and Suarez, EC and Williams, RB and Grichnik, K and Stafford-Smith, M and Georgiades, A}, Title = {Correction to: Sex and race differences of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in healthy individuals.}, Journal = {Metabolomics}, Volume = {17}, Number = {6}, Pages = {56}, Year = {2021}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-021-01809-z}, Doi = {10.1007/s11306-021-01809-z}, Key = {fds357275} } @article{fds359361, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {It's Not the Genes OR the Environment, It's the Genes AND the Environment!}, Journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association}, Volume = {10}, Number = {17}, Pages = {e022422}, Year = {2021}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.022422}, Doi = {10.1161/JAHA.121.022422}, Key = {fds359361} } @article{fds364985, Author = {Nwanaji-Enwerem, U and Onsomu, EO and Roberts, D and Singh, A and Brummett, BH and Williams, RB and Dungan, JR}, Title = {Relationship Between Psychosocial Stress and Blood Pressure: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.}, Journal = {Sage Open Nurs}, Volume = {8}, Pages = {23779608221107589}, Year = {2022}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608221107589}, Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Various domains of psychosocial stress have been significantly related to blood pressure. However, ambiguity is present in how these relationships are defined in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To add to the existing literature and examine the relationship between psychosocial stress (financial strain and job strain) and other cofactors on blood pressure. METHODS: This secondary analysis is designed to analyze the relationship between levels of job and financial stress and blood pressure outcomes among participants in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study 2004-2008. The descriptive, cross-sectional design uses data from a subset of study participants, 350 White and 195 Black (n = 545), 338 female (62%), and all aged 18-56 years. Psychosocial stress was measured using the Singh Stress Scale. Resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure values obtained on a stress reactivity protocol day in the primary study, as well as calculated mean arterial pressure (MAP) were used for this analysis. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between psychosocial stress and blood pressure. RESULTS: In this young cohort, self-report of either financial strain or job strain was associated with lower blood pressure levels than those of participants who reported neither stressor. Differential sex and race effects appear to contribute to these results. Blood pressure levels were not significantly associated with self-report of both stressors. CONCLUSION: Understanding the effects of various forms of stress on blood pressure may inform more precise HTN risk-factor screening and interventions to improve BP management.}, Doi = {10.1177/23779608221107589}, Key = {fds364985} } %% Papers Published @article{fds135137, Title = {Williams, R.B., Haney, T.L., Blumenthal, J.A., & Kong, Y. Type A behavior, hostility, and coronary atherosclerosis. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 42(6): 539-549, 1980.}, Year = {1980}, Key = {fds135137} } @article{fds135173, Title = {Williams, R.B., Lane, J.D., Kuhn, C.M., Melosh, W., White, A.D. & Schanberg, S.M. Type A behavior and elevated physiological and neuroendocrine responses to cognitive tasks. SCIENCE, 218: 483-485, 1982.}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds135173} } @article{fds135174, Title = {Williams, R.B. Psychological factors in coronary artery disease: Epidemiologic evidence. CIRCULATION, 76: 117-123, 1987.}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds135174} } @article{fds135175, Title = {Williams, R.B., Barefoot, J.C., Califf, R.M., Haney, T.L., Saunders, W.B., Pryor, D.B., Hlatky, M.A., Siegler, I.C., & Mark, D.B. Prognostic importance of social and economic resources among medically treated patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 267: 520-524, 1992.}, Year = {1992}, Key = {fds135175} } @article{fds135139, Title = {Zonderman, A., Siegler, I.C., Barefoot, J.C., Williams, R.B., & Costa, P.T.: Age and gender differences in MMPI content scales. EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH, 19: 241-257, 1993.}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds135139} } @article{fds135140, Title = {Williams, R.B., & William, V.p. ANGER KILLS: SEVENTEEN STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING THE HOSTILITY THAT CAN HARM YOUR HEALTH. New York: Times Books, 1993.}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds135140} } @article{fds135176, Title = {Williams, R.B., Barefoot, J.C., Califf, R.M., Haney, T.L., Saunders, W.B., Pryor, D.B., Hlatky, M.A., Siegler, I.C., & Mark, D.B. Importancia pronostica de los recursos economicos y sociales entre los pacientes con enfermedad coronaria documentada angiograficamente tratadoes medicamente. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (ED. ESP., 1: 103-110, 1993.}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds135176} } @article{fds135177, Title = {Williams, R.B & Chesney, M.A. Psychosocial factors and prognosis in established coronary artery disease. The need for research on interventions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 270: 1860-1861, (Editorial) 1993.}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds135177} } @article{fds135178, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Harlan, E.S., Peoples, M.C., & Williams, R.B. Cardiovascular and Emotional Responses in Women: The Role of Hostility and Harassment. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 12: 459-468, 1993.}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds135178} } @article{fds135179, Title = {Suarez, E.C., & Williams, R.B. Interactive models of reactivity: The relationship between hostility and potentially pathogenic physiological responses to social stressors. In N. Schneiderman, P. McCabe, & A. Baum (Eds.). STRESS AND DISEASE PROCESSES: PERSPECTIVE IN BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, Hillsdale, NJ: Larence Erlbaum Associates, 1993.}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds135179} } @article{fds135138, Title = {Williams, R.B. Neurobiology, cellular and molecular biology, and psychosomatic medicine. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 56: 308-315, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135138} } @article{fds135141, Title = {Lipkus, I.M., Barefoot, J.C., Feaganes, J., Williams, R.B., & Siegler, I.C. A short MMPI scale to identify people likely to begin smoking. JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, 62(2): 213-222, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135141} } @article{fds135142, Title = {Williams, R.B. Neurobiology, cellular and molecular biology, and psychosomatic medicine. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 56: 308-315, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135142} } @article{fds135143, Title = {Williams, R.B. Psychosocial Factors in Health and Disease: What do we know, what can we do? Proceedings of the Danish National Symposium on Social Networks and Health. Copenhagen, November 24-25, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135143} } @article{fds135180, Title = {Williams, R.B., Chesney, M., Cohen, S., Frasure-Smith, N., Kaplan, G., Krantz, D., Manuck, S., Muller, J., Powell, L., Schnall, P., & Wortman, C. Behavior change and compliance: Keys to improving cardiovascular health: Workshop VI: Stress. CIRCULATION, 90: 1406-1407, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135180} } @article{fds135181, Title = {Lane, J.D., Pieper, C.F., Barefoot, J.C., Williams, Jr., R.B., & Siegler, I.C. Caffeine and cholesterol: Interactions with hostility. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 56, 260-266, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135181} } @article{fds135182, Title = {Lipkus, I.M., Barefoot, J.C., Williams, R.B., & Siegler, I.C.: Personality measures as predictors of smoking initiation and cessation in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, 13(2): 149-155, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135182} } @article{fds135183, Title = {Mark D.B., Lam, L.C., Lee, K.L., Jones, R.H., Pryor D.B., Stack, R.S., Williams, R.B., Clapp-Channing, N.E., Califf, R.M., & Hlatky, M.A. Effects of coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, and medical therapy on employment in patients with coronary artery disease: A prospective comparison study. ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 120: 111-117, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135183} } @article{fds135184, Title = {Barefoot, J.C., Patterson, J.C., Haney, T.L., Cayton, T.G., Hickman, Jr., J. R., & Williams, R.B. Hostility in asymptomatic men with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 74: 439-442, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135184} } @article{fds135185, Title = {Beckham, J.C., Barefoot, J.C., Haney, T.L., Williams, R.B., & Mark, D.B.: Pain coping strategies in patients referred for evaluation of angina pectoris. JOURNAL OF CARDIOPULMONARY REHABILITATION, 14: 1-8, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135185} } @article{fds135186, Title = {Williams, R.B., Jr. Basic biological mechanisms. ANGER, HOSTILITY, AND THE HEART. Siegman, L., & Smith, T (eds). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135186} } @article{fds135187, Title = {Williams, R.B., & William, V.P. ANGER KILLS: SEVENTEEN STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING THE HOSTILITY THAT CAN HARM YOUR HEALTH. Trade paperback edition published by Harper-Perennial, Spring, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135187} } @article{fds135188, Title = {Williams, R.B., & William, V.P. ANGER KILLS: SEVENTEEN STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING THE HOSTILITY THAT CAN HARM YOUR HEALTH. Paperback edition published by Harper-Perennial, Spring, 1994.}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds135188} } @article{fds135144, Title = {Williams, R. B. A commentary on Pincus and Callahan (1995). ADVANCES.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135144} } @article{fds135145, Title = {Submitted}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135145} } @article{fds135146, Title = {Williams, R.B., Williams, V.P., Suarez, E.C., & Lincoln, J.E. Personality and Public Opinion: Hostility scores and the choice of military active vs. economic sanctions against Iraq prior to the Gulf War in January, 1991. JASP (submitted).}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135146} } @article{fds135147, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. Neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses of hostile men: The role of interpersonal challenge. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. (Submitted).}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135147} } @article{fds135148, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Bartholome, J.A., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The effect of dietary cholesterol on beta adrenergic receptor functiong in cardiac and hepatic tissue. (To be submitted).}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135148} } @article{fds135189, Title = {Thai, S.F., Lewis, J.G., Williams, R.B., Johnson, S.P., & Adams, D.O. Effects of oxidized LDL on mononuclear phagocytes: inhibition of induction of four inflammatory cytokine gene RNAs, release of NO, and cytolysis of tumor cells. JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, 57, 427-433, 1995.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135189} } @article{fds135190, Title = {Hlatky, M.A., Lam L.C., Lee K.L., Clapp-Channing, N.E., Williams, R.B., Pryor, D.B., Califf, R.M., & Mark, D.B. Job strain and the prevalence and outcome of coronary artery disease. CIRCULATION, 92: 327-333, 1995.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135190} } @article{fds135191, Title = {Williams, R.B. Somatic Consequences of Stress. NEUROBIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS: FROM NORMAL ADAPTATION TO PTSD. Friedman, M.J., Charney, D.S., Deutch, A., (eds.). New York: Raven Press, 1995.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135191} } @article{fds135192, Title = {Williams, R.B. Coronary-Prone Behaviors, Hostility, and Cardiovascular Health: Implications for Behavioral and Pharmacological Interventions. BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE APPROACHES TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION. Schneiderman, N., Orth-Gomer, K. (eds). Chapter 11. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1995.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135192} } @article{fds135193, Title = {Kussin, P.S., Brown, T.M., Oxley, S.L., & Williams, R. A Prospective study of premorbid personality and mental status in critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, (submitted).}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135193} } @article{fds135194, Title = {Williams, R.B. Socioeconomic inequalities, health, and disease: An integrative theoretical review of potential neurobiological, psychosocial, biobehavioral, and cellular/molecular mediators. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRIARY, submitted.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135194} } @article{fds135195, Title = {Williams, R.B., Barefoot, J.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Helms, M.J., Luecken, L., Pieper, C.F., Siegler, I.C., & Suarez, E.C. Psychosocial correlates of job strain in a sample of working women. ARCHIVES GENERAL PSYCHIATRY. Submitted.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135195} } @article{fds135196, Title = {Schiller, A.M., Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, J. R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The relationship between hostility and beta-adrenergic receptor physiology in healthy young males. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. (Submitted).}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135196} } @article{fds135197, Title = {Luecken, L.J. Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Barefoot, J.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Siegler, I.C., & Williams, R.B. Stress and employed women. I. Impact of marriage and children on perceived stress and neuroendocrine output. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. (Submitted).}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135197} } @article{fds135198, Title = {Von Dras, D.D., Williams, R.B., Kaplan, B.H., & Siegler, I.C. (in press). Correlates of perceived social support and equality of interpersonal relationships at midlife. International Journal of Aging and Human Development.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135198} } @article{fds135199, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Sasaki, M., Williams, R.B., & Adams, D.O. (1995). Stress- induced increase in interleukin-lb expression on monocytes is associated with depression in women. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association, San Diego, CA.}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds135199} } @article{fds135149, Title = {Mark, D.B., Clapp-Channing, N., Lam, L.C., Barefoot, J.C., Siegler, I.C., & Williams, R.B. (1995). Medical Care: Access, Utilization and Cost (pp. 133-144). In Report of the Conference on Socio-economic Status and Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Bethesda, MD. November 5-6.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135149} } @article{fds135150, Title = {Chapters:}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135150} } @article{fds135151, Title = {Williams, R.B., & Littman, A.B. Psychosocial factors: Role in cardiac risk and treatment strategies. IN Abrams, J., Pasternak, R.C. (Eds). CARDIOLOGY CLINICS. (pp. 97-104). Philadepha: W.B. Saunders Company, 1996.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135151} } @article{fds135152, Title = {In press}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135152} } @article{fds135153, Title = {Williams, R.B., Barefoot, J.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Helms, M.J., Luecken, L., Pieper, C.F., Sieler, I.C., & Suarez, E.C. Psychosocial correlates of job strain in a sample of working women. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, in press.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135153} } @article{fds135154, Title = {Submitted}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135154} } @article{fds135155, Title = {Kussin, P.S., Brown, T.M., Oxley, S.L., & Williams, R. A prospective study of premorbid personality and mental status in critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (submitted).}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135155} } @article{fds135156, Title = {Shiller, A.M., Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, Jr., R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The relationship between hostility and beta-adrenergic receptor physiology in healthy young males. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE (submitted).}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135156} } @article{fds135200, Title = {Von Dras DD, Williams RB, Kaplan BH, Siegler IC: Correlates of perceived social support and equality of interpersonal relationships at midlife. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 43 (3): 199-127, 1996.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135200} } @article{fds135201, Title = {Barefoot, J.C., Helms, M.J., Mark, D.M., Blumenthal, J.A., Califf, R.M., Haney, T.L., O'Connor, C.M., Siegler, I.C., Williams, R.B. Depression and long term mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 78, 613-617, 1996.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135201} } @article{fds135202, Title = {Haney, T.L., Maynard, K.E., Houseworth, S.J., Scherwitz, L.W., Williams, R.B., Barefoot, J.C. The Interpersonal Hostility Assessment Technique: Description and validation against the criterion of coronary artery disease. JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, 66(2): 386-401, 1996.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135202} } @article{fds135203, Title = {Tabrizi, K., Littman, A., & Williams, R.B. Psycopharmacology and cardiac disease. IN Allen, R., Scheidt, S. HEART & MIND. THE PRACTICE OF CARDIAC PSYCHOLOGY. (pp. 397-419). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135203} } @article{fds135204, Title = {Von Dras, D.D., Williams, R.B., Kaplan, B.H., & Siegler, I.C. Correlates of perceived social support and equality of interpersonal relationships at midlife. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, 43(3), in press.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135204} } @article{fds135205, Title = {Szczepanski, R., Napolitano, M., Feaganes, J.R., Kuhn, C., Swoap, R., Suarez, E.C., Barefoot, J.C., Siegler, I.C., Williams, R.B., & Blumenthal, J.A. Relationship of mood ratings and neurohormonal responses during daily life in employed females, in press.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135205} } @article{fds135206, Title = {Von Dras, D.D., Siegler, I.C., Williams, Jr., R.B., Clapp-Channing, N., Haney, T., & Mark, D.B. Surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease patients' functional capacity. SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE, in press.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135206} } @article{fds135207, Title = {Luecken, L.J., Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Barefoot, J.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Siegler, I.C., & Williams, R.B. Stress and employed women. I. Impact of marriage and children on perceived stress and neuroendocrine output. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, in press.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135207} } @article{fds135208, Title = {Siegler, I.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Barefoot, J.C., Saunders, W.B., Peterson, B.L., Dahlstrom, W.G., Costa Jr., P.T., Suarez, E.C., Helms, M.J., Maynard, K.E., & Williams, Redford B. Personality factors differentially predict exercise behavior in men and women. WOMEN'S HEALTH: RESEARCH ON GENDER, BEHAVIOR, AND POLICY, in press.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135208} } @article{fds135209, Title = {Williams, R.B., Williams, V.P., Suarez, E.C., & Lincoln, J.E. Personality and public opinion: Hostility-scores and the choice of military active vs. Economic sanction against Iraq prior to the Gulf War in January, 1991. JASP (submitted).}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135209} } @article{fds135210, Title = {Williams, R.B. Socioeconomic inequalities, health, and disease: An integrative theoretical review of potential experimental neurobiological, psychosocial, biobehavioral, and cellular/molecular mediators. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY (submitted).}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135210} } @article{fds135211, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. Neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses of hostile men: The role of interpersonal challenge. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE (submitted).}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135211} } @article{fds135212, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Bartolome, J.V., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The effect of dietary cholesterol on beta adrenergic receptor functioning in cardiac and hepatic tissues. (To be submitted).}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135212} } @article{fds135213, Title = {Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, Jr., R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. Neuroendocrine, cardiovasuclar, and emotional responses of hostile men: The role of interpersonal challenge. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, submitted.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135213} } @article{fds135214, Title = {Barefoot, J.C., Heitmann, B.L., Helms, M.J., Williams, R.B., & Siegler, I.C. Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, submitted.}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds135214} } @article{fds135157, Title = {Von Dras, D.D., Siegler, I.C., Williams, Jr., R.B., Clapp-Channing, N., Haney, T., & Mark, D.B. Surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease patients' functional capacity. SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE, 44(10): 1491-1502, 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135157} } @article{fds135158, Title = {Luecken, L.J., Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Barefoot, J.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Siegler, I.C., & Williams, R.B. Stress and employed women. I. Impact of marital status and children at home on neurohormone output and home strain. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 59: 352-359, 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135158} } @article{fds135159, Title = {4. Williams, R.B., Sasaki, M., Lewis, J.G., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Suarez, E.C., Feaganes, J.R., & Adams, D.O. Differential responsivity of monocyte cytokine and adhesion proteins in high and low hostile human: A pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (in press).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135159} } @article{fds135160, Title = {7. Barefoot, J.C., Heitmann, B.L., Helms, M.J., Williams, R.B., & Siegler, I.C. Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (submitted).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135160} } @article{fds135161, Title = {Chapters}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135161} } @article{fds135162, Title = {Williams, V.P. & Williams, R.B. LIFESKILLS. Times Books/Random House, in press, Spring 1998.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135162} } @article{fds135215, Title = {Siegler, I.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Barefoot, J.C., Saunders, W.B., Peterson, B.L., Dahlstrom, W.G., Costa Jr., P.T., Suarez, E.C., Helms, M.J., Maynard, K.E., & Williams, Redford B. Personality factors differentially predict exercise behavior in men and women. WOMEN'S HEALTH: RESEARCH ON GENDER, BEHAVIOR, AND POLICY, 3(1): 61-70, 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135215} } @article{fds135216, Title = {Williams, R.B., Barefoot, J.C., Blumenthal, J.A., Helms, M.J., Luecken, L., Pieper, C.F., Sieler, I.C., & Suarez, E.C. Psychosocial correlates of job strain in a sample of working women. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 54: 543-548. 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135216} } @article{fds135217, Title = {Szczepanski, R., Napolitano, M., Feaganes, J.R., Barefoot, J.C., Luecken, L., Swoap, R., Kuhn, C., Suarez, E., Siegler, I., Williams, R.B., Blumenthal, J.A. Relation of mood ratings and neurohormonal responses during daily life in employed women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 4: 1-16, 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135217} } @article{fds135218, Title = {Shiller, A.M., Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, Jr., R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The relationship between hostility and beta-adrenergic receptor physiology in healthy young males. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 59: 481-487, 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135218} } @article{fds135219, Title = {1. Williams, R.B. The role of psychosocial factors in human disease: Lessons from animal models. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA Supplement (in press).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135219} } @article{fds135220, Title = {2. Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. Neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses of hostile men: The role of interpersonal challenge. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE (in press).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135220} } @article{fds135221, Title = {3. Suarez, E.C., Bartolome, J.V., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The effect of dietary cholesterol on beta adrenergic receptor functioning in cardiac and hepatic tissues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (in press).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135221} } @article{fds135222, Title = {5. Williams, R.B. Socioeconomic inequalities, health, and disease: An integrative theoretical review of potential experimental neurobiological, psychosocial, biobehavioral, and cellular/molecular mediators. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY (revise and resubmit).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135222} } @article{fds135223, Title = {6. Kussin, P.S., Brown, T.M., Oxley, S.L., & Williams, R. A prospective study of premorbid personality and mental status in critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (submitted).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135223} } @article{fds135224, Title = {8. Tanaka, Y., Williams, R.B., Kuhn, C.M., Surwit, R.S., Muranaka, M., & Tanaka, A. Central nervous system serotonin deficiency produces glucose intolerance in rats. NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACY (submitted).}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135224} } @article{fds135225, Title = {Williams, R.B. & Williams, V.P. Lifeskills training to ameliorate the impact of psychosocial factors on the development and course of medical illness. IN Cummings, N.A., Cummings, J.L., & Johnson, J. (Eds). BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IN PRIMARY CARE: A GUIDE FOR CLINICAL INTERGRATION. (Chapter 13). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press, in press, 1997.}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds135225} } @article{fds135163, Title = {1. Williams, R.B. The role of psychosocial factors in human disease: Lessons from animal models. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA., 161: 100-102, 1997.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135163} } @article{fds135164, Title = {6. Williams, R.B. The mind, the body, health, and disease. What do we know, what should we do? NORTH CAROLINA MEDICAL JOURNAL, 59(3): 2-4, 1998}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135164} } @article{fds135165, Title = {7. Williams, R.B. Lower socioeconomic status and increased mortality. Early childhood roots and the potential for successful interventions. JAMA, 279: 1745-1746, 1998.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135165} } @article{fds135166, Title = {10. Williams, R.B. (in press). Social Ties and Health. THE HARVARD MENTAL HEALTH LETTER.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135166} } @article{fds135167, Title = {Chapters}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135167} } @article{fds135168, Title = {1. Williams, V.P. & Williams, R.B. LIFESKILLS: 8 SIMPLE WAYS TO BUILD STRONGER RELATIONSHIPS, COMMUNICATE MORE CLEARLY, IMPROVE YOUR HEALTH, AND EVEN THE HEALTH OF THOSE AROUND YOU. New York: Times Books/Random House, Spring, 1998.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135168} } @article{fds135169, Title = {1/13/99}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135169} } @article{fds135226, Title = {2. Blumenthal, J.A., O'Connor, C., Hinderliter, A., Fath, K., Hegde, S.B., Miller, G., Puma, J., Sessions, W., Sheps, D., Zakhary, B., & Williams, R.B. Psychosocial factors and coronary disease. A National Multicenter Clinical Trial (ENRICHD) with a North Carolina focus. NORTH CAROLINA MEDICAL JOURNAL, 58: 802-808, 1997.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135226} } @article{fds135227, Title = {3. Suarez, E.C., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. Neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and emotional responses of hostile men: The role of interpersonal challenge. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 60: 78-88, 1998.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135227} } @article{fds135228, Title = {4. Suarez, E.C., Bartolome, J.V., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Williams, R.B., & Zimmermann, E.A. The influence of dietary cholesterol on beta-adrenergic receptors in Egyptian Sand Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 4(2): 179-188, 1998.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135228} } @article{fds135229, Title = {5. Williams, R.B., Sasaki, M., Lewis, J.G., Kuhn, C.M., Schanberg, S.M., Suarez, E.C., Feaganes, J.R., & Adams, D.O. Differential responsivity of monocyte cytokine and adhesion proteins in high and low hostile human: A pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 4(3): 264-272, 1998.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135229} } @article{fds135230, Title = {8. Barefoot, J.C., Heitmann, B.L., Helms, M.J., Williams, R.B., & Siegler, I.C. Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 22: 688-694, 1998.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135230} } @article{fds135231, Title = {9. Brummett, B.H., Babyak, M.A., Barefoot, J.C., Bosworth, H.B., Clapp-Channing, N.E., Siegler, I.C., Williams, Jr., R.B., & Mark, D.B. (in press). Social support, hostility and depressive symptoms in cardiac patients one month following hospitalization: A Prospective study. Psychosomatic Medicine.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135231} } @article{fds135232, Title = {11. Williams, R.B. Socioeconomic inequalities, health, and disease: An integrative theoretical review of potential experimental neurobiological, psychosocial, biobehavioral, and cellular/molecular mediators. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY (revise and resubmit).}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135232} } @article{fds135233, Title = {12. Tanaka, Y., Williams, R.B., Kuhn, C.M., Surwit, R.S., Muranaka, M., & Tanaka, A. Central nervous system serotonin deficiency produces glucose intolerance in rats. NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACY (submitted).}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135233} } @article{fds135234, Title = {1. Williams, R.B. & Williams, V.P. Lifeskills training to ameliorate the impact of psychosocial factors on the development and course of medical illness. IN Cummings, N.A., Cummings, J.L., & Johnson, J. (Eds.), BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IN PRIMARY CARE: A GUIDE FOR CLINICAL INTERGRATION. (Chapter 11), pp. 205-218. Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press, 1997.}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds135234} } @article{fds135170, Title = {Williams, R.B. & Williams, V.P. (submitted). Managing hostile thoughts, feelings, and actions: The Lifeskills approach. IN: Snyder, C.R. (Ed.), COPING AND COPERS: ADAPTIVE PROCESSES & PEOPLE. Oxford University Press.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135170} } @article{fds135171, Title = {Williams, R.B. (in press). Social Ties and Health. THE HARVARD MENTAL HEALTH LETTER.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135171} } @article{fds135172, Title = {Tanaka, Y., Williams, R.B., Kuhn, C.M., Surwit, R.S., Muranaka, M., & Tanaka, A. Central nervous system serotonin deficiency produces glucose intolerance in rats. NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACY (submitted).}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135172} } @article{fds135235, Title = {Williams, R.B., Marchuk, D.A., Gadde, K.M., Barefoot, J.C., Grichnik, K., Helms, M.J., Kuhn, C.M., Lewis, J.G., Schanberg, S.M., Stafford-Smith, M., Suarez, E.C., Clary, G.L., Svenson, I.K., & Siegler, I.C. Central nervous system serotonin function and cardiovascular responses to stress. PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 63, 300-305, 2001.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135235} } @article{fds135236, Title = {Barefoot, J.C., Gronbaek, M., Feaganes, J.R., McPherson, R.S., Williams, R.B., & Siegler, I.C. (in press). Alcoholic beverage preference, diet, and health habits in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135236} } @article{fds135237, Title = {Williams, R.B. (in press). Hostility (and other psychosocial risk factors): Effects on health and the potential for successful behavioral approaches to prevention and treatment. IN: Baum, A., Revenson, T.R., Singer, J.E. (Eds.), HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY AND HEALTH. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135237} } @article{fds135238, Title = {Williams, R.B. (submitted). Hostility and heart disease. IN: Stansfeld, S. & Marmot, M. (Eds.), STRESS AND HEART DISEASE, London: BMJ Books.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135238} } @article{fds135239, Title = {Bosworth, H.B., Siegler, I.C., Brummett, B., Barefoot, J.C., Williams, R.B., Vitaliano, P.P., Clapp-Channing, N., Lytle, B.L., & Mark D.B. (in press). The relationship between self-rated health and health status among coronary artery patients. JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH.}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135239} } @article{fds135240, Title = {Bosworth, H.B., Siegler, I.C., Brummett, B.H., Barefoot, J.C., Haney, T.L., Williams, R.B., Clapp-Channing, N.E., & Mark, D.B. The association of age, gender, coronary artery disease treatment, and perceived social support with health-related quality of life in the Mediators of Social Support (MOSS) study. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: SOCIAL SCIENCES (under review).}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135240} } @article{fds135241, Title = {Williams, R.B. Socioeconomic inequalities, health, and disease: An integrative theoretical review of potential experimental neurobiological, psychosocial, biobehavioral, and cellular/molecular mediators. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY (revise and resubmit).}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds135241} } %% Chapters in Books @misc{fds367153, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility and Health}, Pages = {169-183}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Behavioral Medicine}, Publisher = {Springer New York}, Year = {2010}, ISBN = {9780387094878}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09488-5_13}, Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-09488-5_13}, Key = {fds367153} } @misc{fds277152, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility, Neuroendocrine Changes, and Health Outcomes}, Pages = {160-173}, Booktitle = {The Link Between Religion and Health: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Faith Factor}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2010}, Month = {April}, ISBN = {9780195143607}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143607.003.0010}, Abstract = {Research conducted over the past several decades has documented a moderately strong association between chronic negative emotional states such as hostility and anger, and negative health outcomes. The interdisciplinary field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) provides a good environment for studying the effects of hostility on health because of the complex sequelae of events in the central nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, blood and heart, all of which are set in motion as a consequence of chronic negative emotions. This chapter examines the relationships between hostility and anger, neuroendocrine changes, and health outcome. It explores how anger and hostile aggression can have devastating cardiovascular effects which shorten survival. The role which religion and spirituality play in the mastery and control of negative emotions may offer opportunities not only for studying the phenomenon of hostility itself but also for understanding the ways in which the health-damaging effects of hostility might bethwarted.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143607.003.0010}, Key = {fds277152} } @misc{fds291345, Author = {Williams, RB}, Title = {Gene by environment interactions: Impact on women’s health}, Pages = {151-160}, Booktitle = {Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Concepts, Findings, Future Perspectives}, Publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9783319092409}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09241-6_10}, Abstract = {There is growing appreciation that a particular gene variant can have quite different effects on the expression of a particular phenotype in persons exposed to varying levels of environmental stress. It has been reported, for example, that among persons exposed to a large number of stressful life events those carrying the short (S) allele of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) will have higher levels of depressive symptoms than those homozygous for the long (L) allele, while in those not so exposed depressive symptoms do not vary as a function of genotype. In this chapter I review extensive evidence from research in my laboratory that shows it is important, at least for some gene variants, to consider sex/gender as another factor in addition to environmental factors that can moderate the impact of a given gene variant on expression of phenotypes that can influence the development and course of major diseases. We have shown, for example, in two independent samples that, among men exposed to chronic stress in present day life or childhood, those with the 5HTTLPR LL genotype have increased depressive symptom levels; in contrast, among women exposed to the same stressors, it is those with the SS genotype who have higher depressive symptom levels. In research aiming to identify genetic variants that can be used to identify persons at high risk of developing disease it will be important, therefore, to evaluate not only environmental exposures but also sex/gender as moderators of gene effects on phenotype expression.}, Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-09241-6_10}, Key = {fds291345} } @misc{fds366621, Author = {Suarez, EC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Interactive models of reactivity: The relationship between hostility and potentially pathogenic physiological responses to social stressors}, Pages = {175-195}, Booktitle = {Stress and Disease Processes: Perspectives in Behavioral Medicine}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {0805811613}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315827490-10}, Abstract = {The influence of behaviors on the development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) is thought to involve both psychosocial and physiological processes. For example, high blood pressure, high serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking, considered to be risk factors for CHD, are each affected by behavior. One avenue of research has attempted to determine the direct effects of coronary-prone behaviors on physiological responses to environmental stimuli. It has been hypothesized that the link between coronary-prone behaviors and CHD involves excessive or prolonged hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS; Krantz & Manuck, 1984). It is believed that pronounced and recurrent activation of the SNS by particular behavioral stimuli can precipitate endothelial injury, and thus promote atherosclerotic plaque build-up (Ross & Glomset, 1973). Animal studies (Manuck, Muldoon, Kaplan, Adams, & Polefrone, 1989) have indicated that behaviorally induced cardiovascular (CV) hyperactivity is significantly positively associated with degree of intimal damage and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although there is a paucity of evidence suggesting a direct link between behaviorally induced CV changes and CHD in man, results from two longitudinal studies have indicated that the cold pressor test (Keys, Taylor, Blackburn, Brozck, Anderson, & Somonson, 1971) and changes in posture (Sparrow, Tifft, Rosner, & Weiss, 1984) evoke diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses that are positively associated with risk of CHD. Consistent with the notion of hyperresponsitivity as a contributing factor for CHD, some studies (Corse, Manuck, Cantwell, Giordani, & Matthews, 1982; Dembroski, MacDougall, & Lushene, 1979) have shown that cardiac patients, relative to noncoronary 176patient controls, respond with greater physiological increases to behavioral stressors.}, Doi = {10.4324/9781315827490-10}, Key = {fds366621} } @misc{fds370646, Author = {Barefoot, JC and Williams, RB}, Title = {Hostility and Health}, Pages = {503-524}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine}, Year = {2022}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780387859590}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85960-6_20}, Abstract = {Hostility has verified links to poor health outcomes with a particular impact on coronary artery disease and mortality due to all causes. Hostility is a global term encapsulating hostile interpretations of the actions of others, angry reactions to perceived slights, and aggressive tendencies. These emotional and behavioral characteristics are thought to be traits that form consistent patterns of interacting in the social environment. Persons judged to possess high levels of hostile tendencies tested in the laboratory have large cardiovascular and endocrine reactions to social provocations. These physiological reactions represent fight-orflight states accompanied by angry and aggressive responses toward other individuals. Similar reactions are seen in hostile persons going about their daily lives. Hostile persons are prone to acute episodes of extreme anger due to interpersonal conflict, and they may engage in unhealthy lifestyles including cigarette smoking. Persons high in trait hostility have increased rates of mortality, higher levels of myocardial infarction, and greater progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Understanding the nature of hostile reactions and their health consequences has led to the development of training programs that improve interpersonal coping skills helping the hostile person to reinterpret social situations and avoid toxic reactions, with potentially improved health outcomes.}, Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-85960-6_20}, Key = {fds370646} } | |
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