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Publications of Scott N. Compton    :chronological  combined listing:

%% Journal Articles   
@article{fds369781,
   Author = {Sabatos-DeVito, M and Rardin, BP and Paisley, E and Major, ST and Stoute, C and Murias, M and Compton, SN and Davlantis, KS and Dawson,
             G},
   Title = {1.23 THE UTILITY OF OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF SOCIAL
             COMMUNICATION DEFICITS IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
             SPECTRUM DISORDER},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {55},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {S107-S107},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.024},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.024},
   Key = {fds369781}
}

@article{fds369778,
   Author = {Sakolsky, D and Compton, SN and Pine, DS},
   Title = {11.0 Results From the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Extended Long-Term Study (CAMELS)},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {S317-S318},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.637},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.637},
   Key = {fds369778}
}

@article{fds302629,
   Author = {Piacentini, J and Bennett, S and Compton, SN and Kendall, PC and Birmaher, B and Albano, AM and March, J and Sherrill, J and Sakolsky, D and Ginsburg, G and Rynn, M and Bergman, RL and Gosch, E and Waslick, B and Iyengar, S and McCracken, J and Walkup, J},
   Title = {24- and 36-week outcomes for the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study (CAMS).},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {53},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {297-310},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.010},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We report active treatment group differences on
             response and remission rates and changes in anxiety severity
             at weeks 24 and 36 for the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study (CAMS). METHOD: CAMS youth (N = 488; 74%
             ≤ 12 years of age) with DSM-IV separation, generalized, or
             social anxiety disorder were randomized to 12 weeks of
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT),
             CBT+SRT (COMB), or medication management/pill placebo (PBO).
             Responders attended 6 monthly booster sessions in their
             assigned treatment arm; youth in COMB and SRT continued on
             their medication throughout this period. Efficacy of COMB,
             SRT, and CBT (n = 412) was assessed at 24 and 36 weeks
             postrandomization. Youth randomized to PBO (n = 76) were
             offered active CAMS treatment if nonresponsive at week 12 or
             over follow-up and were not included here. Independent
             evaluators blind to study condition assessed anxiety
             severity, functioning, and treatment response. Concomitant
             treatments were allowed but monitored over follow-up.
             RESULTS: The majority (>80%) of acute responders maintained
             positive response at both weeks 24 and 36. Consistent with
             acute outcomes, COMB maintained advantage over CBT and SRT,
             which did not differ, on dimensional outcomes; the 3
             treatments did not differ on most categorical outcomes over
             follow-up. Compared to COMB and CBT, youth in SRT obtained
             more concomitant psychosocial treatments, whereas those in
             SRT and CBT obtained more concomitant combined (medication
             plus psychosocial) treatment. CONCLUSIONS: COMB maintained
             advantage over CBT and SRT on some measures over follow-up,
             whereas the 2 monotherapies remained indistinguishable. The
             observed convergence of COMB and monotherapy may be related
             to greater use of concomitant treatment during follow-up
             among youth receiving the monotherapies, although other
             explanations are possible. Although outcomes were variable,
             most CAMS-treated youth experienced sustained treatment
             benefit. Clinical trial registration information-Child and
             Adolescent Anxiety Disorders (CAMS); URL:
             http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:
             NCT00052078.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.010},
   Key = {fds302629}
}

@article{fds369779,
   Author = {Harstad, S and Compton, SN and Villabo, MA},
   Title = {6.67 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Children With
             Anxiety Disorder: Do the Therapists’ Adherence and
             Competence Matter?},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {S300-S300},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.412},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.412},
   Key = {fds369779}
}

@article{fds369782,
   Author = {Strawn, JR and Dobson, ET and Mills, JA and Cornwall, GJ and Sakolsky,
             DJ and Birmaher, B and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J and McCracken, JT and Ginsburg, GS and Kendall, PC and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Rynn,
             MA},
   Title = {6.80 PLACEBO RESPONSE IN PEDIATRIC ANXIETY DISORDERS:
             RESULTS FROM THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT ANXIETY MULTIMODAL
             STUDY},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {55},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {S230-S230},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.399},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.399},
   Key = {fds369782}
}

@article{fds357862,
   Author = {Dawson, G and Sun, JM and Baker, J and Carpenter, K and Compton, S and Deaver, M and Franz, L and Heilbron, N and Herold, B and Horrigan, J and Howard, J and Kosinski, A and Major, S and Murias, M and Page, K and Prasad, VK and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Sanfilippo, F and Sikich, L and Simmons, R and Song, A and Vermeer, S and Waters-Pick, B and Troy, J and Kurtzberg, J},
   Title = {A Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and
             Efficacy of Intravenous Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion for
             Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum
             Disorder.},
   Journal = {J Pediatr},
   Volume = {222},
   Pages = {164-173.e5},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.011},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether umbilical cord blood (CB)
             infusion is safe and associated with improved social and
             communication abilities in children with autism spectrum
             disorder (ASD). STUDY DESIGN: This prospective, randomized,
             placebo-controlled, double-blind study included 180 children
             with ASD, aged 2-7 years, who received a single intravenous
             autologous (n = 56) or allogeneic (n = 63) CB infusion
             vs placebo (n = 61) and were evaluated at 6 months
             postinfusion. RESULTS: CB infusion was safe and well
             tolerated. Analysis of the entire sample showed no evidence
             that CB was associated with improvements in the primary
             outcome, social communication (Vineland Adaptive Behavior
             Scales-3 [VABS-3] Socialization Domain), or the secondary
             outcomes, autism symptoms (Pervasive Developmental Disorder
             Behavior Inventory) and vocabulary (Expressive One-Word
             Picture Vocabulary Test). There was also no overall evidence
             of differential effects by type of CB infused. In a
             subanalysis of children without intellectual disability
             (ID), allogeneic, but not autologous, CB was associated with
             improvement in a larger percentage of children on the
             clinician-rated Clinical Global Impression-Improvement
             scale, but the OR for improvement was not significant.
             Children without ID treated with CB showed significant
             improvements in communication skills (VABS-3 Communication
             Domain), and exploratory measures including attention to
             toys and sustained attention (eye-tracking) and increased
             alpha and beta electroencephalographic power. CONCLUSIONS:
             Overall, a single infusion of CB was not associated with
             improved socialization skills or reduced autism symptoms.
             More research is warranted to determine whether CB infusion
             is an effective treatment for some children with
             ASD.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.011},
   Key = {fds357862}
}

@article{fds271487,
   Author = {Lewin, AB and Murphy, TK and Storch, EA and Conelea, CA and Woods, DW and Scahill, LD and Compton, SN and Zinner, SH and Budman, CL and Walkup,
             JT},
   Title = {A phenomenological investigation of women with Tourette or
             other chronic tic disorders.},
   Journal = {Compr Psychiatry},
   Volume = {53},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {525-534},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0010-440X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.07.004},
   Abstract = {There are little data concerning clinical characteristics of
             women with Tourette disorder and chronic tic disorders in
             the extant literature and what is available mostly focuses
             on treatment-seeking individuals. The present research was
             conducted to provide a phenomenological characterization of
             tic disorders among 185 adult women with tic disorders. In
             addition to providing a descriptive overview of specific tic
             symptoms, tic severity, self-reported history of other
             psychiatric conditions, and impairment/lifestyle impact due
             to tics, this study compares 185 women and 275 men between
             18 and 79 years old with tic disorders (who completed an
             identical battery of measures) based on demographic,
             social/economic status indicators, psychiatric variables
             (comorbidity, family psychiatric history, symptom
             presentation), adaptive functioning/quality of life, and
             impairment variables among a nonclinical adult sample.
             Finally, this research examines the relationship between tic
             severity and impairment indicators among women with tics.
             Sixty-eight percent of women in our sample reported severe
             motor tics and 40% reported severe phonic tics. Our
             exploratory data suggest that a sizeable number of adult
             women with persistent tics are suffering from psychiatric
             comorbidity and psychosocial consequences such as
             underachievement and social distress. Tic severity in women
             may be associated with lifestyle interference as well as
             with symptoms of depression and anxiety, and such symptoms
             may be more common among women with tics than in men with
             tics.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.07.004},
   Key = {fds271487}
}

@article{fds271457,
   Author = {Beidas, RS and Lindhiem, O and Brodman, DM and Swan, A and Carper, M and Cummings, C and Kendall, PC and Albano, AM and Rynn, M and Piacentini,
             J and McCracken, J and Compton, SN and March, J and Walkup, J and Ginsburg,
             G and Keeton, CP and Birmaher, B and Sakolsky, D and Sherrill,
             J},
   Title = {A probabilistic and individualized approach for predicting
             treatment gains: an extension and application to anxiety
             disordered youth.},
   Journal = {Behav Ther},
   Volume = {45},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {126-136},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0005-7894},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.05.001},
   Abstract = {The objective of this study was to extend the probability of
             treatment benefit method by adding treatment condition as a
             stratifying variable, and illustrate this extension of the
             methodology using the Child and Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study data. The probability of treatment benefit
             method produces a simple and practical way to predict
             individualized treatment benefit based on pretreatment
             patient characteristics. Two pretreatment patient
             characteristics were selected in the production of the
             probability of treatment benefit charts: baseline anxiety
             severity, measured by the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale,
             and treatment condition (cognitive-behavioral therapy,
             sertraline, their combination, and placebo). We produced two
             charts as exemplars which provide individualized and
             probabilistic information for treatment response and outcome
             to treatments for child anxiety. We discuss the implications
             of the use of the probability of treatment benefit method,
             particularly with regard to patient-centered outcomes and
             individualized decision-making in psychology and
             psychiatry.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2013.05.001},
   Key = {fds271457}
}

@article{fds349363,
   Author = {Pistorello, J and Jobes, DA and Gallop, R and Compton, SN and Locey, NS and Au, JS and Noose, SK and Walloch, JC and Johnson, J and Young, M and Dickens, Y and Chatham, P and Jeffcoat, T},
   Title = {A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Collaborative
             Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) Versus
             Treatment as Usual (TAU) for Suicidal College
             Students.},
   Journal = {Arch Suicide Res},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {765-789},
   Year = {2021},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742},
   Abstract = {This randomized controlled trial compared the Collaborative
             Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) and
             Treatment as Usual (TAU) for suicidal college students
             within a feasibility trial. Sixty-two suicidal college
             students were randomized to CAMS (n = 33) or TAU
             (n = 29). We hypothesized that those receiving CAMS
             would show more improvement in suicide-related measures, and
             effects would be moderated by borderline personality
             disorder (BPD), prior suicide attempts, and age. Both
             treatment groups showed improvements in all outcome
             variables; CAMS had a significantly higher impact on
             depression and suicidal ideation when measured weekly during
             care and was more likely than TAU to decrease hopelessness
             among students with fewer BPD features, no suicide attempt
             history, and older age. Conversely, TAU did better for
             students with BPD features and history of multiple suicide
             attempts.},
   Doi = {10.1080/13811118.2020.1749742},
   Key = {fds349363}
}

@article{fds358055,
   Author = {Perochon, S and Di Martino and M and Aiello, R and Baker, J and Carpenter,
             K and Chang, Z and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Gagliano, M and Harris, A and Howard, J and Kollins, SH and Perrin, EM and Raj, P and Spanos, M and Walter, B and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G},
   Title = {A scalable computational approach to assessing response to
             name in toddlers with autism.},
   Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
   Volume = {62},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1120-1131},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13381},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study is part of a larger research program
             focused on developing objective, scalable tools for digital
             behavioral phenotyping. We evaluated whether a digital app
             delivered on a smartphone or tablet using computer vision
             analysis (CVA) can elicit and accurately measure one of the
             most common early autism symptoms, namely failure to respond
             to a name call. METHODS: During a pediatric primary care
             well-child visit, 910 toddlers, 17-37 months old, were
             administered an app on an iPhone or iPad consisting of brief
             movies during which the child's name was called three times
             by an examiner standing behind them. Thirty-seven toddlers
             were subsequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
             (ASD). Name calls and children's behavior were recorded by
             the camera embedded in the device, and children's head turns
             were coded by both CVA and a human. RESULTS: CVA coding of
             response to name was found to be comparable to human coding.
             Based on CVA, children with ASD responded to their name
             significantly less frequently than children without ASD. CVA
             also revealed that children with ASD who did orient to their
             name exhibited a longer latency before turning their head.
             Combining information about both the frequency and the delay
             in response to name improved the ability to distinguish
             toddlers with and without ASD. CONCLUSIONS: A digital app
             delivered on an iPhone or iPad in real-world settings using
             computer vision analysis to quantify behavior can reliably
             detect a key early autism symptom-failure to respond to
             name. Moreover, the higher resolution offered by CVA
             identified a delay in head turn in toddlers with ASD who did
             respond to their name. Digital phenotyping is a promising
             methodology for early assessment of ASD symptoms.},
   Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13381},
   Key = {fds358055}
}

@article{fds369350,
   Author = {Perochon, S and Matias Di Martino and J and Carpenter, KLH and Compton,
             S and Davis, N and Espinosa, S and Franz, L and Rieder, AD and Sullivan, C and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G},
   Title = {A tablet-based game for the assessment of visual motor
             skills in autistic children.},
   Journal = {NPJ Digit Med},
   Volume = {6},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {17},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00762-6},
   Abstract = {Increasing evidence suggests that early motor impairments
             are a common feature of autism. Thus, scalable, quantitative
             methods for measuring motor behavior in young autistic
             children are needed. This work presents an engaging and
             scalable assessment of visual-motor abilities based on a
             bubble-popping game administered on a tablet. Participants
             are 233 children ranging from 1.5 to 10 years of age (147
             neurotypical children and 86 children diagnosed with autism
             spectrum disorder [autistic], of which 32 are also diagnosed
             with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
             [autistic+ADHD]). Computer vision analyses are used to
             extract several game-based touch features, which are
             compared across autistic, autistic+ADHD, and neurotypical
             participants. Results show that younger (1.5-3 years)
             autistic children pop the bubbles at a lower rate, and their
             ability to touch the bubble's center is less accurate
             compared to neurotypical children. When they pop a bubble,
             their finger lingers for a longer period, and they show more
             variability in their performance. In older children
             (3-10-years), consistent with previous research, the
             presence of co-occurring ADHD is associated with greater
             motor impairment, reflected in lower accuracy and more
             variable performance. Several motor features are correlated
             with standardized assessments of fine motor and cognitive
             abilities, as evaluated by an independent clinical
             assessment. These results highlight the potential of
             touch-based games as an efficient and scalable approach for
             assessing children's visual-motor skills, which can be part
             of a broader screening tool for identifying early signs
             associated with autism.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41746-023-00762-6},
   Key = {fds369350}
}

@article{fds302620,
   Author = {Nail, JE and Christofferson, J and Ginsburg, GS and Drake, K and Kendall, PC and McCracken, JT and Birmaher, B and Walkup, JT and Compton, SN and Keeton, C and Sakolsky, D},
   Title = {Academic Impairment and Impact of Treatments Among Youth
             with Anxiety Disorders},
   Journal = {Child and Youth Care Forum},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {327-342},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {1053-1890},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-014-9290-x},
   Abstract = {Background: Global academic difficulties have often been
             reported in youth with anxiety disorders, however, little is
             known about the specific academic deficits in this
             population. Objective: To (a) evaluate the prevalence of
             seven specific academic impairments in children and
             adolescents with anxiety disorders, (b) determine whether
             these impairments are associated with demographic (i.e.,
             race, gender and age) and clinical characteristics (i.e.,
             type of disorder, anxiety severity and global impairment)
             and (c) examine the impact of anxiety treatments on these
             impairments. Methods: As part of the Child-Adolescent
             Anxiety Multimodal Study (a randomized controlled trial),
             academic impairments, anxiety severity and global impairment
             were measured in 488 youth (mean age = 10.7 years) with
             separation, social and/or generalized anxiety disorders.
             Results: At baseline, 47 % of the sample was rated as
             impaired on 4 out of 7 items, and nearly 10 % of the sample
             was rated as academically impaired on 6 out of 7 items.
             Conversely, 28 % reported no impairment across the 7 items.
             There were no significant differences in parent-reported
             academic impairments by race, age or gender. Academic
             impairment was significantly, positively correlated with
             anxiety severity and negatively correlated with global
             functioning. Treatment responders were significantly more
             likely than non-responders to evidence improvement across
             all seven specific academic items. Conclusions: Specific
             academic impairments are prevalent among youth with anxiety
             disorders. The benefits of evidence-based treatments (i.e.,
             medication/sertraline; CBT/Coping cat) extend beyond symptom
             relief to include improved academic performance, as
             perceived by parents, in youth with anxiety
             disorders.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10566-014-9290-x},
   Key = {fds302620}
}

@article{fds359115,
   Author = {Babiano-Espinosa, L and Wolters, LH and Weidle, B and Compton, SN and Lydersen, S and Skokauskas, N},
   Title = {Acceptability and feasibility of enhanced cognitive
             behavioral therapy (eCBT) for children and adolescents with
             obsessive-compulsive disorder.},
   Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
   Volume = {15},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {47},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00400-7},
   Abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a
             disabling mental health disorder affecting 1-3% of children
             and adolescents. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is
             recommended as the first-line treatment, but is limited by
             accessibility, availability, and, in some cases, response to
             treatment. Enhancement with Internet technologies may
             mitigate these challenges. METHODS: We developed an enhanced
             CBT (eCBT) treatment package for children and adolescents
             with OCD to improve treatment effect as well as
             user-friendliness. This study aims to explore the
             feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of
             the eCBT intervention. The eCBT protocol consists of 10
             face-to-face and 12 webcam sessions delivered in 14 weeks.
             CBT is enhanced by a smartphone application (app) for
             children and parents to support and monitor treatment,
             psychoeducative videos, and therapist-guided webcam exposure
             exercises conducted at home. Assessments were performed at
             baseline, post-treatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.
             Primary measures of outcomes were the the Client
             Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8) (acceptability),
             treatment drop-out (feasibility) and the Children's
             Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) (preliminary
             effectiveness). RESULTS: This paper describes 25 patients
             with OCD (aged 8-17 years) treated with eCBT. Results
             indicated that children and parents were satisfied with
             eCBT, with CSQ-8 mean scores of 27.58 (SD 0.67) and 29.5 (SD
             3.74), respectively (range 8-32). No patients dropped out
             from treatment. We found a mean of 63.8% symptom reduction
             on the CY-BOCS from baseline to post-treatment. CY-BOCS
             scores further decreased during 3-month and 6-month
             follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this explorative study, eCBT for
             pediatric OCD was a feasible, acceptable intervention
             demonstrating positive treatment outcomes.},
   Doi = {10.1186/s13034-021-00400-7},
   Key = {fds359115}
}

@article{fds347365,
   Author = {Babiano-Espinosa, L and Wolters, LH and Weidle, B and Op de Beek and V and Pedersen, SA and Compton, S and Skokauskas, N},
   Title = {Acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of Internet
             cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for pediatric
             obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic
             review.},
   Journal = {Syst Rev},
   Volume = {8},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {284},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1166-6},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic
             mental health disorder characterized by recurring obsessions
             and compulsions affecting 1-3% of children and adolescents.
             Current treatment options are limited by accessibility,
             availability, and quality of care. New technologies provide
             opportunities to address at least some of these challenges.
             This paper aims to investigate the acceptability,
             feasibility, and efficacy of traditional cognitive
             behavioral therapy with Internet cognitive behavioral
             therapy (iCBT) for pediatric OCD according to Preferred
             Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
             (PRISMA) guidelines. METHOD: We searched EMBASE, Medline,
             PsycINFO, CENTRAL, LILACS, CINAHL, and Scopus. Results
             include articles from 1987 to March 2018. Main inclusion
             criteria were patients aged 4-18, primary diagnosis of OCD,
             and iCBT. RESULTS: Of the 2323 unique articles identified
             during the initial search, six studies with a total of 96
             participants met our inclusion criteria: three randomized
             controlled trials, one single-case multiple-baseline design,
             one open-label trial, and one case series. Four studies
             reported a significant decrease in OCD severity on the
             Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)
             following iCBT, one study reported significant decrease in
             CY-BOCS scores for iCBT relative to waitlist, and the case
             series reported (some) symptom reduction in all
             participants. Six studies reported high rates of
             feasibility, and five studies reported good acceptability of
             iCBT. CONCLUSION: At present, evidence regarding
             acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of iCBT for
             pediatric OCD is limited. Results are promising but need to
             be confirmed and refined in further research. SYSTEMATIC
             REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD4201808587.},
   Doi = {10.1186/s13643-019-1166-6},
   Key = {fds347365}
}

@article{fds366145,
   Author = {Woods, DW and Ely, LJ and Bauer, CC and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Espil, FM and Neal-Barnett, A and Alexander, JR and Walther, MR and Cahill, SP and Deckersbach, T and Franklin,
             ME},
   Title = {Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania in
             adults: A randomized clinical trial.},
   Journal = {Behav Res Ther},
   Volume = {158},
   Pages = {104187},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2022.104187},
   Abstract = {Given the limited treatment options for trichotillomania
             (TTM), or Hair Pulling Disorder, this large randomized
             clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of acceptance-enhanced
             behavior therapy for TTM (AEBT-TTM) in reducing TTM severity
             relative to psychoeducation and supportive therapy (PST).
             Eighty-five adults (78 women) with TTM received 10 sessions
             (over 12 weeks) of either AEBT-TTM or PST. Independent
             evaluators masked to treatment assignment assessed
             participants at baseline (week 0), midpoint (week 6), and
             endpoint (week 12). Consistent with a priori hypotheses, 64%
             of the adults treated with AEBT-TTM were classified as
             clinical responders at post-treatment relative to 38%
             treated with PST. Clinical responders were identified by a
             score of 1 or 2 on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement
             (CGI-I) scale. Relative to the PST group, the AEBT-TTM group
             demonstrated significantly greater pre-to post-treatment
             reductions on the self-report Massachusetts General
             Hospital-Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HS) and the evaluator-rated
             National Institute of Mental Health Trichotillomania
             Severity Scale (NIMH-TSS). There were no significant
             post-treatment group differences on the Clinical Global
             Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale, or rate of TTM
             diagnoses. Results suggest AEBT-TTM provides greater
             treatment benefit than PST. Future research should continue
             to investigate AEBT-TTM along with mediators and moderators
             of its efficacy.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2022.104187},
   Key = {fds366145}
}

@article{fds348089,
   Author = {Neal-Barnett, A and Woods, DW and Espil, FM and Davis, M and Alexander,
             JR and Compton, SN and Walther, MR and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Cahill, SP and Franklin, ME},
   Title = {Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania:
             Randomized controlled trial rationale, method, and
             strategies for recruiting minority participants.},
   Journal = {Bull Menninger Clin},
   Volume = {83},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {399-431},
   Year = {2019},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc_2019_83_04},
   Abstract = {Trichotillomania (TTM) involves the chronic pulling out of
             hair to the point of hair loss or thinning, which continues
             despite repeated attempts to stop. Behavior therapy is a
             promising treatment for the condition, but studies have been
             limited by the lack of a credible control condition, small
             sample sizes, follow-up periods of short duration, and low
             participation by underrepresented populations. In the
             current article, the authors describe the theoretical
             rationale for an acceptance-enhanced form of behavior
             therapy for TTM in adults and describe the methodology used
             to test the efficacy of this intervention against a
             psychoeducation and supportive control condition. In
             addition, the authors discuss the importance of and
             difficulties encountered with enrolling minority
             participants into TTM research, as well as strategies used
             to enhance minority recruitment. Finally, the authors
             discuss the instruments, procedures, and related outcomes of
             the fidelity measures used in the randomized controlled
             trial.},
   Doi = {10.1521/bumc_2019_83_04},
   Key = {fds348089}
}

@article{fds367348,
   Author = {Carpenter, KLH and Davis, NO and Spanos, M and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Aiello, R and Baranek, GT and Compton, SN and Egger, HL and Franz, L and Kim, S-J and King, BH and Kolevzon, A and McDougle, CJ and Sanders, K and Veenstra-VanderWeele, J and Sikich, L and Kollins, SH and Dawson,
             G},
   Title = {Adaptive Behavior in Young Autistic Children: Associations
             with Irritability and ADHD Symptoms.},
   Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05753-2},
   Abstract = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms
             affect 40-60% of autistic children and have been linked to
             differences in adaptive behavior. It is unclear whether
             adaptive behavior in autistic youth is directly impacted by
             co-occurring ADHD symptoms or by another associated feature
             of both autism and ADHD, such as increased irritability. The
             current study examined relationships between irritability,
             ADHD symptoms, and adaptive behavior in 3- to 7-year-old
             autistic children. Results suggest that, after adjusting for
             co-occurring ADHD symptoms, higher levels of irritability
             are associated with differences in social adaptive behavior
             specifically. Understanding relationships between
             irritability, ADHD, and adaptive behavior in autistic
             children is critical because measures of adaptive behavior,
             such as the Vineland Scales of Adaptive Functioning, are
             often used as a proxy for global functioning, as well as for
             developing intervention plans and measuring outcomes as
             primary endpoints in clinical trials.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10803-022-05753-2},
   Key = {fds367348}
}

@article{fds302624,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Rosenfield, D and Hofmann, SG and Smits,
             JAJ},
   Title = {Advances in data analytic methods for evaluating treatment
             outcome and mechanisms of change: introduction to the
             special issue.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {743-745},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037795},
   Abstract = {This series of articles, which provide an overview of
             several advanced statistical methods for evaluating
             treatment outcomes and mechanisms of change, makes up the
             first research methods-oriented special issue to appear in
             the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Like most
             active areas of scientific inquiry, the field of
             biostatistics and quantitative psychology continues to
             innovate and progress at a remarkable pace. These recent
             advancements provide researchers with the tools needed to
             ask and get answers to progressively nuanced and complex
             questions. It is our hope that the articles included in this
             special issue will spark an interest among applied
             researchers to investigate and learn how these and other
             newer statistical methods might be used to enhance their own
             line of research.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0037795},
   Key = {fds302624}
}

@article{fds349362,
   Author = {Kagan, ER and Frank, HE and Norris, LA and Palitz, SA and Chiappini, EA and Knepley, MJ and Crane, ME and Phillips, KE and Ginsburg, GS and Keeton,
             C and Albano, AM and Piacentini, J and Peris, T and Compton, S and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Antidepressant Use in a 3- to 12-Year Follow-up of Anxious
             Youth: Results from the CAMELS Trial.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {52},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {41-48},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00983-w},
   Abstract = {The current study explored whether patient characteristics
             predicted patterns of antidepressant use (i.e., never used,
             single episode of use, or two or more episodes) in a
             naturalistic follow-up. Participants in the child/adolescent
             multimodal (CAMS) extended long-term study. (n = 318)
             indicated medication use over the course of eight follow-up
             visits, 3-12 years after receiving treatment in CAMS. 40.6%
             of participants reported never using an antidepressant
             during follow-up, 41.4% reported a single episode of
             antidepressant use, and 18.0% reported multiple episodes of
             antidepressant use. Greater baseline anxiety severity
             marginally predicted a single episode of antidepressant use;
             baseline depression severity predicted multiple episodes of
             use. Reasons for discontinuing antidepressants included
             perceived ineffectiveness (31.8%), side effects (25.5%), and
             improvement in symptoms (18.5%). Exploratory analyses
             examined predictors of medication use. Findings suggest that
             antidepressant use is common among anxious youth, as is
             discontinuation of antidepressant use. Clinical implications
             and future directions are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-020-00983-w},
   Key = {fds349362}
}

@article{fds302623,
   Author = {Gordon-Hollingsworth, AT and Becker, EM and Ginsburg, GS and Keeton,
             C and Compton, SN and Birmaher, BB and Sakolsky, DJ and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Kendall, PC and Suveg, CM and March,
             JS},
   Title = {Anxiety Disorders in Caucasian and African American
             Children: A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics,
             Treatment Process Variables, and Treatment
             Outcomes.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {643-655},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0009-398X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0507-x},
   Abstract = {This study examined racial differences in anxious youth
             using data from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study (CAMS) [1]. Specifically, the study aims addressed
             whether African American (n = 44) versus Caucasian
             (n = 359) children varied on (1) baseline clinical
             characteristics, (2) treatment process variables, and (3)
             treatment outcomes. Participants were ages 7-17 and met
             DSM-IV-TR criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, social
             phobia, and/or separation anxiety disorder. Baseline data,
             as well as outcome data at 12 and 24 weeks, were obtained
             by independent evaluators. Weekly treatment process
             variables were collected by therapists. Results indicated no
             racial differences on baseline clinical characteristics.
             However, African American participants attended fewer
             psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy sessions, and were rated
             by therapists as less involved and compliant, in addition to
             showing lower mastery of CBT. Once these and other
             demographic factors were accounted for, race was not a
             significant predictor of response, remission, or relapse.
             Implications of these findings suggest African American and
             Caucasian youth are more similar than different with respect
             to the manifestations of anxiety and differences in outcomes
             are likely due to treatment barriers to session attendance
             and therapist engagement.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-014-0507-x},
   Key = {fds302623}
}

@article{fds302613,
   Author = {White, SW and Lerner, MD and McLeod, BD and Wood, JJ and Ginsburg, GS and Kerns, C and Ollendick, T and Kendall, PC and Piacentini, J and Walkup,
             J and Compton, S},
   Title = {Anxiety in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder:
             examination of factorial equivalence.},
   Journal = {Behav Ther},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {40-53},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0005-7894},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.05.005},
   Abstract = {Although anxiety is frequently reported among children and
             adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it has not
             been established that the manifest symptoms of anxiety in
             the context of ASD are the same as those seen in youth
             without ASD. This study sought to examine the metric and
             latent factor equivalence of anxiety as measured by the
             Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, parent-report
             (MASC-P) and child-report (MASC-C), in youth with anxiety
             disorders and ASD with intact verbal ability (n=109,
             M(age)=11.67 years, 99 male) and a gender-matched comparison
             group of typically developing (TD) children and adolescents
             with anxiety disorders but without ASD (n=342, M(age)=11.25
             years, 246 male). Multigroup factorial invariance (MFI)
             using structural equation modeling indicated equivalent
             latent factors in youth with and without ASD on the MASC-C
             (metric invariance). However, the item means and covariances
             along with the relations among the factor scores were
             different for the youth with ASD (i.e., lack of evidence for
             scalar or structural invariance). The MASC-P data did not
             fit the measure's established structure for either the ASD
             or TD group, and post-hoc exploratory factor analysis
             revealed a different factor structure in the ASD group.
             Findings suggest that the MASC-C may not measure identical
             constructs in anxious youth with and without ASD. Further
             research on the structure of the MASC in clinical samples is
             warranted.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2014.05.005},
   Key = {fds302613}
}

@article{fds370238,
   Author = {Bai, S and Rolon-Arroyo, B and Walkup, JT and Kendall, PC and Ginsburg,
             GS and Keeton, CP and Albano, AM and Compton, SN and Sakolsky, D and Piacentini, J and Peris, TS},
   Title = {Anxiety symptom trajectories from treatment to 5- to 12-year
             follow-up across childhood and adolescence.},
   Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1336-1345},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13796},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The current study examined trajectories of
             anxiety during (a) acute treatment and (b) extended
             follow-up to better characterize the long-term symptom
             trajectories of youth who received evidence-based
             intervention for anxiety disorders using a person-centered
             approach. METHOD: Participants were 319 youth (age
             7-17 years at enrollment), who participated in a
             multicenter randomized controlled trial for the treatment of
             pediatric anxiety disorders, Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study, and a 4-year naturalistic follow-up,
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term
             Study, an average of 6.5 years later. Using growth mixture
             modeling, the study identified distinct trajectories of
             anxiety across acute treatment (Weeks 0-12), posttreatment
             (Weeks 12-36), and the 4-year-long follow-up, and identified
             baseline predictors of these trajectories. RESULTS: Three
             nonlinear anxiety trajectories emerged: "short-term
             responders" who showed rapid treatment response but had
             higher levels of anxiety during the extended follow-up;
             "durable responders" who sustained treatment gains; and
             "delayed remitters" who did not show an initial response to
             treatment, but showed low levels of anxiety during the
             maintenance and extended follow-up periods. Worse anxiety
             severity and better family functioning at baseline predicted
             membership in the delayed remitters group. Caregiver strain
             differentiated short-term responders from durable
             responders. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that initial
             response to treatment does not guarantee sustained treatment
             gains over time for some youth. Future follow-up studies
             that track treated youth across key developmental
             transitions and in the context of changing social
             environments are needed to inform best practices for the
             long-term management of anxiety.},
   Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13796},
   Key = {fds370238}
}

@article{fds271456,
   Author = {Wei, C and Hoff, A and Villabø, MA and Peterman, J and Kendall, PC and Piacentini, J and McCracken, J and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Rynn,
             M and Sherrill, J and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, G and Keeton, C and Gosch, E and Compton, SN and March,
             J},
   Title = {Assessing anxiety in youth with the multidimensional anxiety
             scale for children.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {43},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {566-578},
   Year = {2014},
   ISSN = {1537-4416},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.814541},
   Abstract = {The present study examined the psychometric properties,
             including discriminant validity and clinical utility, of the
             youth self-report and parent-report forms of the
             Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) among
             youth with anxiety disorders. The sample included parents
             and youth (N = 488, 49.6% male) ages 7 to 17 who
             participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study. Although the typical low agreement between parent and
             youth self-reports was found, the MASC evidenced good
             internal reliability across MASC subscales and informants.
             The main MASC subscales (i.e., Physical Symptoms, Harm
             Avoidance, Social Anxiety, and Separation/Panic) were
             examined. The Social Anxiety and Separation/Panic subscales
             were found to be significantly predictive of the presence
             and severity of social phobia and separation anxiety
             disorder, respectively. Using multiple informants improved
             the accuracy of prediction. The MASC subscales demonstrated
             good psychometric properties and clinical utilities in
             identifying youth with anxiety disorders.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2013.814541},
   Key = {fds271456}
}

@article{fds271492,
   Author = {Chrisman, A and Egger, H and Compton, SN and Curry, J and Goldston,
             DB},
   Title = {Assessment of Childhood Depression.},
   Journal = {Child Adolesc Ment Health},
   Volume = {11},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {111-116},
   Publisher = {WILEY},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {1475-357X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00395.x},
   Abstract = {Depression as a disorder in childhood began to be
             increasingly recognised in the 1970s. Epidemiologic
             community and clinic-based studies have characterised the
             prevalence, clinical course, and complications of this
             illness throughout childhood and adolescence into adulthood.
             This paper reviews two instruments for assessing depression
             in prepubertal children - the Dominic Interactive and The
             Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Both instruments are
             useful in screening for psychiatric disorders and reliably
             identifying the presence of depressive symptoms in young
             children.},
   Doi = {10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00395.x},
   Key = {fds271492}
}

@article{fds373921,
   Author = {Fleischer, NJ and Gosch, E and Roberts, MB and Albano, AM and Ginsburg,
             G and Piacentini, J and Birmaher, B and Compton, SN and Walkup, J and Kendall, PC and Carper, MM},
   Title = {Asthma and anxiety in children and adolescents:
             characteristics and treatment outcomes.},
   Journal = {J Asthma},
   Pages = {1-9},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2023.2280906},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study (a) examined anxious youth with and
             without asthma on measures of negative self-talk, parental
             psychopathology, worry content, physical symptoms, panic
             symptoms, generalized symptoms, and separation anxiety
             symptoms, and (b) tested if outpatient CBT or medication
             were differentially effective in reducing anxiety for youth
             with asthma and anxiety. METHODS: This secondary analysis
             separated youth with an anxiety disorder into asthma and
             non-asthma groups. Youth were also compared on response to
             treatments (i.e. CBT, sertraline, combined, and placebo).
             RESULTS: A total of 488 participants participated in the
             original study, with an average age of 10 years (SD 2.87).
             Youth with comorbid asthma and anxiety demonstrated higher
             rates of negative self-talk. Youth with comorbid asthma and
             anxiety did not differ from the non-asthma group on measures
             of physical symptoms, anxiety disorder specific symptoms,
             parental psychopathology, or worry content. Youth with
             asthma and anxiety responded similarly to the non-asthma
             group to treatment across treatment conditions. CONCLUSIONS:
             Treatment was comparably effective for youth with comorbid
             asthma and anxiety and youth with anxiety. Future research
             could examine the effects of psychopharmaceuticals on asthma
             and anxiety comorbidity.},
   Doi = {10.1080/02770903.2023.2280906},
   Key = {fds373921}
}

@article{fds271474,
   Author = {Roy, AK and Vasa, RA and Bruck, M and Mogg, K and Bradley, BP and Sweeney,
             M and Bergman, RL and McClure-Tone, EB and Pine, DS and CAMS
             Team},
   Title = {Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety
             disorders.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1189-1196},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181825ace},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine attention bias toward threat faces in
             a large sample of anxiety-disordered youths using a
             well-established visual probe task. METHOD: Study
             participants included 101 children and adolescents (ages
             7-18 years) with generalized anxiety disorder, social
             phobia, and/or separation anxiety disorder enrolled in a
             multisite anxiety treatment study. Nonanxious youths (n =
             51; ages 9-18 years) were recruited separately. Participants
             were administered a computerized visual probe task that
             presents pairs of faces portraying threat (angry), positive
             (happy), and neutral expressions. They pressed a response
             key to indicate the spatial location of a probe that
             replaced one of the faces on each trial. Attention bias
             scores were calculated from response times to probes for
             each emotional face type. RESULTS: Compared to healthy
             youths, anxious participants demonstrated a greater
             attention bias toward threat faces. This threat bias in
             anxious patients did not significantly vary across the
             anxiety disorders. There was no group difference in
             attention bias toward happy faces. CONCLUSIONS: These
             results suggest that pediatric anxiety disorders are
             associated with an attention bias toward threat. Future
             research may examine the manner in which cognitive bias in
             anxious youths changes with treatment.},
   Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181825ace},
   Key = {fds271474}
}

@article{fds371650,
   Author = {Nagendran, A and Compton, S and Follette, WC and Golenchenko, A and Compton, A and Grizou, J},
   Title = {Avatar led interventions in the Metaverse reveal that
             interpersonal effectiveness can be measured, predicted, and
             improved.},
   Journal = {Sci Rep},
   Volume = {12},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {21892},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26326-4},
   Abstract = {Experiential learning has been known to be an engaging and
             effective modality for personal and professional
             development. The Metaverse provides ample opportunities for
             the creation of environments in which such experiential
             learning can occur. In this work, we introduce a novel
             interpersonal effectiveness improvement framework (ELAINE)
             that combines Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality to
             create a highly immersive and efficient learning experience
             using avatars. We present findings from a study that uses
             this framework to measure and improve the interpersonal
             effectiveness of individuals interacting with an avatar.
             Results reveal that individuals with deficits in their
             interpersonal effectiveness show a significant improvement
             (p < 0.02) after multiple interactions with an avatar.
             The results also reveal that individuals interact naturally
             with avatars within this framework, and exhibit similar
             behavioral traits as they would in the real world. We use
             this as a basis to analyze the underlying audio and video
             data streams of individuals during these interactions. We
             extract relevant features from these data and present a
             machine-learning based approach to predict interpersonal
             effectiveness during human-avatar conversation. We conclude
             by discussing the implications of these findings to build
             beneficial applications for the real world.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-26326-4},
   Key = {fds371650}
}

@article{fds376564,
   Author = {Walkup, JT and Compton, SN and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or Both in Childhood Anxiety
             Reply},
   Journal = {NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE},
   Volume = {360},
   Number = {23},
   Pages = {2477-2477},
   Publisher = {MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {June},
   Key = {fds376564}
}

@article{fds371745,
   Author = {Krishnappa Babu and PR and Aikat, V and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Espinosa, S and Aiello, R and L H Carpenter and K and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G},
   Title = {Blink rate and facial orientation reveal distinctive
             patterns of attentional engagement in autistic toddlers: a
             digital phenotyping approach.},
   Journal = {Sci Rep},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {7158},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34293-7},
   Abstract = {Differences in social attention are well-documented in
             autistic individuals, representing one of the earliest signs
             of autism. Spontaneous blink rate has been used to index
             attentional engagement, with lower blink rates reflecting
             increased engagement. We evaluated novel methods using
             computer vision analysis (CVA) for automatically quantifying
             patterns of attentional engagement in young autistic
             children, based on facial orientation and blink rate, which
             were captured via mobile devices. Participants were 474
             children (17-36 months old), 43 of whom were diagnosed with
             autism. Movies containing social or nonsocial content were
             presented via an iPad app, and simultaneously, the device's
             camera recorded the children's behavior while they watched
             the movies. CVA was used to extract the duration of time the
             child oriented towards the screen and their blink rate as
             indices of attentional engagement. Overall, autistic
             children spent less time facing the screen and had a higher
             mean blink rate compared to neurotypical children.
             Neurotypical children faced the screen more often and
             blinked at a lower rate during the social movies compared to
             the nonsocial movies. In contrast, autistic children faced
             the screen less often during social movies than during
             nonsocial movies and showed no differential blink rate to
             social versus nonsocial movies.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-34293-7},
   Key = {fds371745}
}

@article{fds271498,
   Author = {Phillips, SD and Kramer, TL and Compton, SN and Burns, BJ and Robbins,
             JM},
   Title = {Case-mix adjustment of adolescent mental health treatment
             outcomes.},
   Journal = {J Behav Health Serv Res},
   Volume = {30},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {125-136},
   Year = {2003},
   ISSN = {1094-3412},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12633009},
   Abstract = {Case-mix adjustment methods are needed to account for
             differences between providers when the youth they treat have
             characteristics that adversely affect treatment success.
             This study explores variables for adjusting mental health
             treatment outcomes for adolescents and the differential
             effects of case-mix adjustment on providers' performance.
             Linear regression modeling was used to identify case-mix
             variables for five outcomes. Predictive equations for each
             outcome were developed for models based on intake clinical
             data alone, clinical data plus administrative data, and
             clinical data plus data describing youth history and family
             environment. Variance explained by intake clinical data
             alone did not increase appreciably with the addition of
             administrative data or data describing youth history and
             family environment. Adjusting outcomes changed the relative
             performance of certain individual providers substantially,
             but had a more moderate impact on the overall interpretation
             of providers' performance.},
   Doi = {10.1007/BF02287818},
   Key = {fds271498}
}

@article{fds271467,
   Author = {Curry, J and Compton, SN and March, JS},
   Title = {CBT VERSUS SUPPORTIVE THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {842-843},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-8567(09)62188-2},
   Doi = {10.1016/s0890-8567(09)62188-2},
   Key = {fds271467}
}

@article{fds326330,
   Author = {Lee, P and Zehgeer, A and Ginsburg, GS and McCracken, J and Keeton, C and Kendall, PC and Birmaher, B and Sakolsky, D and Walkup, J and Peris, T and Albano, AM and Compton, S},
   Title = {Child and Adolescent Adherence With Cognitive Behavioral
             Therapy for Anxiety: Predictors and Associations With
             Outcomes.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {sup1},
   Pages = {S215-S226},
   Year = {2019},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1310046},
   Abstract = {Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders is
             effective, but nonadherence with treatment may reduce the
             benefits of CBT. This study examined (a) four baseline
             domains (i.e., demographic, youth clinical characteristics,
             therapy related, family/parent factors) as predictors of
             youth adherence with treatment and (b) the associations
             between youth adherence and treatment outcomes. Data were
             from 279 youth (7-17 years of age, 51.6% female; 79.6%
             White, 9% African American), with Diagnostic and Statistical
             Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) diagnoses of
             separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder,
             and/or social phobia, who participated in CBT in the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study. Adherence was
             defined in three ways (session attendance, therapist-rated
             compliance, and homework completion). Multiple regressions
             revealed several significant predictors of youth adherence
             with CBT, but predictors varied according to the definition
             of adherence. The most robust predictors of greater
             adherence were living with both parents and fewer youth
             comorbid externalizing disorders. With respect to outcomes,
             therapist ratings of higher youth compliance with CBT
             predicted several indices of favorable outcome: lower
             anxiety severity, higher global functioning, and treatment
             responder status after 12 weeks of CBT. Number of sessions
             attended and homework completion did not predict treatment
             outcomes. Findings provide information about risks for youth
             nonadherence, which can inform treatment and highlight the
             importance of youth compliance with participating in therapy
             activities, rather than just attending sessions or
             completing homework assignments.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2017.1310046},
   Key = {fds326330}
}

@article{fds271477,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Piacentini, JC and Birmaher, B and Sherrill, JT and Ginsburg, GS and Rynn, MA and McCracken, JT and Waslick, BD and Iyengar, S and Kendall, PC and March,
             JS},
   Title = {Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS): rationale,
             design, and methods.},
   Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
   Volume = {4},
   Pages = {1},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051130},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present the design, methods, and rationale of
             the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a
             recently completed federally-funded, multi-site, randomized
             placebo-controlled trial that examined the relative efficacy
             of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT), and
             their combination (COMB) against pill placebo (PBO) for the
             treatment of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized
             anxiety disorder (GAD) and social phobia (SoP) in children
             and adolescents. METHODS: Following a brief review of the
             acute outcomes of the CAMS trial, as well as the
             psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment literature for
             pediatric anxiety disorders, the design and methods of the
             CAMS trial are described. RESULTS: CAMS was a six-year,
             six-site, randomized controlled trial. Four hundred
             eighty-eight (N = 488) children and adolescents (ages 7-17
             years) with DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of SAD, GAD, or SoP were
             randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: CBT,
             SRT, COMB, or PBO. Assessments of anxiety symptoms, safety,
             and functional outcomes, as well as putative mediators and
             moderators of treatment response were completed in a
             multi-measure, multi-informant fashion. Manual-based
             therapies, trained clinicians and independent evaluators
             were used to ensure treatment and assessment fidelity. A
             multi-layered administrative structure with representation
             from all sites facilitated cross-site coordination of the
             entire trial, study protocols and quality assurance.
             CONCLUSIONS: CAMS offers a model for clinical trials methods
             applicable to psychosocial and psychopharmacological
             comparative treatment trials by using state-of-the-art
             methods and rigorous cross-site quality controls. CAMS also
             provided a large-scale examination of the relative and
             combined efficacy and safety of the best evidenced-based
             psychosocial (CBT) and pharmacologic (SSRI) treatments to
             date for the most commonly occurring pediatric anxiety
             disorders. Primary and secondary results of CAMS will hold
             important implications for informing practice-relevant
             decisions regarding the initial treatment of youth with
             anxiety disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov
             NCT00052078.},
   Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-4-1},
   Key = {fds271477}
}

@article{fds302619,
   Author = {Rynn, MA and Walkup, JT and Compton, SN and Sakolsky, DJ and Sherrill,
             JT and Shen, S and Kendall, PC and McCracken, J and Albano, AM and Piacentini, J and Riddle, MA and Keeton, C and Waslick, B and Chrisman,
             A and Iyengar, S and March, JS and Birmaher, B},
   Title = {Child/Adolescent anxiety multimodal study:
             evaluating safety.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {180-190},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.015},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of adverse events (AEs)
             across 4 treatment conditions in the Child/Adolescent
             Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), and to compare the
             frequency of AEs between children and adolescents. METHOD:
             Participants ages 7 to 17 years (mean = 10.7 years) meeting
             the DSM-IV criteria for 1 or more of the following
             disorders: separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety
             disorder, or social phobia were randomized (2:2:2:1) to
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT, n = 139), sertraline
             (SRT, n = 133), a combination of both (COMB, n = 140), or
             pill placebo (PBO, n = 76). Data on AEs were collected via
             a standardized inquiry method plus a self-report Physical
             Symptom Checklist (PSC). RESULTS: There were no differences
             between the double-blinded conditions (SRT versus PBO) for
             total physical and psychiatric AEs or any individual
             physical or psychiatric AEs. The rates of total physical AEs
             were greater in the SRT-alone treatment condition when
             compared to CBT (p < .01) and COMB (p < .01). Moreover,
             those who received SRT alone reported higher rates of
             several physical AEs when compared to COMB and CBT. The rate
             of total psychiatric AEs was higher in children (≤12
             years) across all arms (31.7% versus 23.1%, p < .05). Total
             PSC scores decreased over time, with no significant
             differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The
             results support the tolerability/safety of selective
             serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment for anxiety
             disorders even after adjusting for the number of reporting
             opportunities, leading to no differences in overall rates of
             AEs. Few differences occurred on specific items. Additional
             monitoring of psychiatric AEs is recommended in children
             (≤12 years). Clinical trial registration information-Child
             and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders (CAMS);
             http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00052078.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.015},
   Key = {fds302619}
}

@article{fds328085,
   Author = {Selles, RR and Franklin, M and Sapyta, J and Compton, SN and Tommet, D and Jones, RN and Garcia, A and Freeman, J},
   Title = {Children's and Parents' Ability to Tolerate Child Distress:
             Impact on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric
             Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {49},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {308-316},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0748-6},
   Abstract = {The present study explored the concept of tolerance for
             child distress in 46 children (ages 5-8), along with their
             mothers and fathers, who received family-based CBT for OCD.
             The study sought to describe baseline tolerance, changes in
             tolerance with treatment, and the predictive impact of
             tolerance on symptom improvement. Tolerance was rated by
             clinicians on a single item and the CY-BOCS was used to
             measure OCD severity. Descriptive results suggested that all
             participants had some difficulty tolerating the child's
             distress at baseline while paired t tests indicated large
             improvements were made over treatment (d = 1.2-2.0).
             Fathers' initial tolerance was significantly related to
             symptom improvement in a multivariate regression as were
             fathers' and children's changes in distress tolerance over
             the course of treatment. Overall, results provide support
             for examining tolerance of child distress including its
             predictive impact and potential as a supplemental
             intervention target.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-017-0748-6},
   Key = {fds328085}
}

@article{fds327201,
   Author = {Alexander, JR and Houghton, DC and Twohig, MP and Franklin, ME and Saunders, SM and Neal-Barnett, AM and Compton, SN and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {Clarifying the Relationship between Trichotillomania and
             Anxiety.},
   Journal = {J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {30-34},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.02.004},
   Abstract = {Although research has consistently linked unidimensional
             anxiety with Trichotillomania (TTM) severity, the
             relationships between TTM severity and anxiety dimensions
             (i.e., cognitive and somatic anxiety) are unknown. This
             knowledge gap limits current TTM conceptualization and
             treatment. The current study examined these relationships
             with data collected from ninety-one adults who participated
             in a randomized clinical trial for TTM treatment. To examine
             whether the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck, Epstein,
             Brown, & Steer, 1988) could be used to measure
             multidimensional anxiety in TTM samples, we conducted a
             factor analysis. Results showed four emergent factors,
             including a cognitive factor and three somatic factors
             (neurophysiological, autonomic, and panic). Based on prior
             research, it was hypothesized that TTM severity would be
             related to the cognitive anxiety dimension and that
             psychological inflexibility would mediate the association.
             Hypotheses were not made regarding the relationship between
             TTM severity and somatic anxiety. Regression analyses
             indicated that only cognitive dimensions of anxiety
             predicted TTM severity and that psychological inflexibility
             mediated this relationship. Implications for the
             conceptualization and treatment of TTM are
             discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.02.004},
   Key = {fds327201}
}

@article{fds363902,
   Author = {Casline, EP and Ogle, RR and Peris, TS and Kendall, PC and Piacentini,
             J and Compton, SN and Keeton, C and Ginsburg, GS},
   Title = {Client-rated facilitators and barriers to long-term youth
             anxiety disorder recovery.},
   Journal = {J Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {78},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {2164-2179},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23400},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined client ratings of 26
             facilitators and barriers to anxiety improvement
             approximately 6 years after randomization to treatment for
             anxiety. METHOD: 319 youth (average 17.12 years old; 82.1%
             Caucasian; 58.6% female) participated in the longitudinal
             follow-up study to child and adolescent anxiety multimodal
             study (CAMS), a randomized controlled trial of medication,
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), combination, and
             placebo. RESULTS: Correcting for multiple comparisons, CBT
             components (i.e., problem solving, changing unhelpful
             thoughts, relaxation skills) were rated significantly more
             helpful among youth without, versus with, an anxiety
             disorder at follow-up. Barriers that differentiated youth
             with and without an anxiety disorder included being bullied
             and difficulty applying therapy content to new situations.
             Comparisons between youth with different anxiety disorder
             trajectories (e.g., stable remission, relapsed, or
             chronically ill) also revealed several differences.
             CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that client-rated facilitators
             and barriers covary with anxiety disorder recovery and may
             serve as useful tools when evaluating long-term treatment
             efficacy.},
   Doi = {10.1002/jclp.23400},
   Key = {fds363902}
}

@article{fds271479,
   Author = {Kendall, PC and Compton, SN and Walkup, JT and Birmaher, B and Albano,
             AM and Sherrill, J and Ginsburg, G and Rynn, M and McCracken, J and Gosch,
             E and Keeton, C and Bergman, L and Sakolsky, D and Suveg, C and Iyengar, S and March, J and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Clinical characteristics of anxiety disordered
             youth.},
   Journal = {J Anxiety Disord},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {360-365},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0887-6185},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.01.009},
   Abstract = {Reports the characteristics of a large, representative
             sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N=488).
             Participants, aged 7-17 years (mean 10.7 years), had a
             principal DSM-IV diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder
             (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social phobia
             (SP). Although youth with a co-primary diagnosis for which a
             different disorder-specific treatment would be indicated
             (e.g., major depressive disorder, substance abuse) were not
             included, there were few other exclusion criteria.
             Participants and their parent/guardian underwent an
             extensive baseline assessment using a broad array of
             measures capturing diagnostic status, anxiety symptoms and
             severity, and areas of functional impairment. Means and
             standard deviations of the measures of psychopathology and
             data on diagnostic status are provided. The sample had
             moderate to severe anxiety disorder and was highly comorbid,
             with 55.3% of participants meeting criteria for at least one
             non-targeted DSM-IV disorder. Anxiety disorders in youth
             often do not present as a single/focused disorder: such
             disorders in youth overlap in symptoms and are highly
             comorbid among themselves.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.01.009},
   Key = {fds271479}
}

@article{fds271485,
   Author = {Franklin, ME and Sapyta, J and Freeman, JB and Khanna, M and Compton, S and Almirall, D and Moore, P and Choate-Summers, M and Garcia, A and Edson,
             AL and Foa, EB and March, JS},
   Title = {Cognitive behavior therapy augmentation of pharmacotherapy
             in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric
             OCD Treatment Study II (POTS II) randomized controlled
             trial.},
   Journal = {JAMA},
   Volume = {306},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {1224-1232},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934055},
   Abstract = {CONTEXT: The extant literature on the treatment of pediatric
             obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) indicates that partial
             response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is the norm
             and that augmentation with short-term OCD-specific cognitive
             behavior therapy (CBT) may provide additional benefit.
             OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of augmenting SRIs with
             CBT or a brief form of CBT, instructions in CBT delivered in
             the context of medication management. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
             PARTICIPANTS: A 12-week randomized controlled trial
             conducted at 3 academic medical centers between 2004 and
             2009, involving 124 pediatric outpatients between the ages
             of 7 and 17 years with OCD as a primary diagnosis and a
             Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score of 16
             or higher despite an adequate SRI trial. INTERVENTIONS:
             Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment
             strategies that included 7 sessions over 12 weeks: 42 in the
             medication management only, 42 in the medication management
             plus instructions in CBT, and 42 in the medication
             management plus CBT; the last included 14 concurrent CBT
             sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Whether patients responded
             positively to treatment by improving their baseline
             obsessive-compulsive scale score by 30% or more and
             demonstrating a change in their continuous scores over 12
             weeks. RESULTS: The medication management plus CBT strategy
             was superior to the other 2 strategies on all outcome
             measures. In the primary intention-to-treat analysis, 68.6%
             (95% CI, 53.9%-83.3%) in the plus CBT group were considered
             responders, which was significantly better than the 34.0%
             (95% CI, 18.0%-50.0%) in the plus instructions in CBT group,
             and 30.0% (95% CI, 14.9%-45.1%) in the medication management
             only group. The results were similar in pairwise comparisons
             with the plus CBT strategy being superior to the other 2
             strategies (P < .01 for both). The plus instructions in CBT
             strategy was not statistically superior to medication
             management only (P = .72). The number needed-to-treat
             analysis with the plus CBT vs medication management only in
             order to see 1 additional patient at week 12, on average,
             was estimated as 3; for the plus CBT vs the plus
             instructions in CBT strategy, the number needed to treat was
             also estimated as 3; for the plus instructions in CBT vs
             medication management only the number needed to treat was
             estimated as 25. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients aged 7 to 17
             years with OCD and partial response to SRI use, the addition
             of CBT to medication management compared with medication
             management alone resulted in a significantly greater
             response rate, whereas augmentation of medication management
             with the addition of instructions in CBT did not. TRIAL
             REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:
             NCT00074815.},
   Doi = {10.1001/jama.2011.1344},
   Key = {fds271485}
}

@article{fds271473,
   Author = {Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Piacentini, J and Birmaher, B and Compton,
             SN and Sherrill, JT and Ginsburg, GS and Rynn, MA and McCracken, J and Waslick, B and Iyengar, S and March, JS and Kendall,
             PC},
   Title = {Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination
             in childhood anxiety.},
   Journal = {N Engl J Med},
   Volume = {359},
   Number = {26},
   Pages = {2753-2766},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974308},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric
             conditions affecting children and adolescents. Although
             cognitive behavioral therapy and selective
             serotonin-reuptake inhibitors have shown efficacy in
             treating these disorders, little is known about their
             relative or combined efficacy. METHODS: In this randomized,
             controlled trial, we assigned 488 children between the ages
             of 7 and 17 years who had a primary diagnosis of separation
             anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or social
             phobia to receive 14 sessions of cognitive behavioral
             therapy, sertraline (at a dose of up to 200 mg per day), a
             combination of sertraline and cognitive behavioral therapy,
             or a placebo drug for 12 weeks in a 2:2:2:1 ratio. We
             administered categorical and dimensional ratings of anxiety
             severity and impairment at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and
             12. RESULTS: The percentages of children who were rated as
             very much or much improved on the Clinician Global
             Impression-Improvement scale were 80.7% for combination
             therapy (P<0.001), 59.7% for cognitive behavioral therapy
             (P<0.001), and 54.9% for sertraline (P<0.001); all therapies
             were superior to placebo (23.7%). Combination therapy was
             superior to both monotherapies (P<0.001). Results on the
             Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale documented a similar
             magnitude and pattern of response; combination therapy had a
             greater response than cognitive behavioral therapy, which
             was equivalent to sertraline, and all therapies were
             superior to placebo. Adverse events, including suicidal and
             homicidal ideation, were no more frequent in the sertraline
             group than in the placebo group. No child attempted suicide.
             There was less insomnia, fatigue, sedation, and restlessness
             associated with cognitive behavioral therapy than with
             sertraline. CONCLUSIONS: Both cognitive behavioral therapy
             and sertraline reduced the severity of anxiety in children
             with anxiety disorders; a combination of the two therapies
             had a superior response rate. (ClinicalTrials.gov number,
             NCT00052078.)},
   Doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa0804633},
   Key = {fds271473}
}

@article{fds271466,
   Author = {Compton, SN and March, JS and Brent, D and Albano, AM and Weersing, R and Curry, J},
   Title = {Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and
             depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an
             evidence-based medicine review.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {43},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {930-959},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {August},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266189},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the
             cognitive-behavioral treatment of children and adolescents
             with anxiety and depressive disorders within the conceptual
             framework of evidence-based medicine. METHOD: The
             psychiatric and psychological literature was systematically
             searched for controlled trials applying cognitive-behavioral
             treatment to pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders.
             RESULTS: For both anxiety and depression, substantial
             evidence supports the efficacy of problem-specific
             cognitive-behavioral interventions. Comparisons with
             wait-list, inactive control, and active control conditions
             suggest medium to large effects for symptom reduction in
             primary outcome domains. CONCLUSIONS: From an evidence-based
             perspective, cognitive-behavioral therapy is currently the
             treatment of choice for anxiety and depressive disorders in
             children and adolescents. Future research in this area will
             need to focus on comparing cognitive-behavioral
             psychotherapy with other treatments, component analyses, and
             the application of exportable protocol-driven treatments to
             divergent settings and patient populations.},
   Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000127589.57468.bf},
   Key = {fds271466}
}

@article{fds337699,
   Author = {Villabø, MA and Narayanan, M and Compton, SN and Kendall, PC and Neumer, S-P},
   Title = {Cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: An
             effectiveness evaluation in community practice.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {751-764},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000326},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of individual
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) and group CBT (GCBT) for
             referred children with anxiety disorders within community
             mental health clinics. METHOD: Children (N = 165; ages 7-13
             years) referred to 5 clinics in Norway because of primary
             separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social anxiety disorder
             (SOC), or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on
             Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th
             ed., text rev.) criteria participated in a randomized
             clinical trial. Participants were randomized to ICBT, GCBT,
             or wait list (WL). WL participants were randomized to 1 of
             the 2 active treatment conditions following the wait period.
             Primary outcome was loss of principal anxiety disorder over
             12 weeks and 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Both ICBT and GCBT
             were superior to WL on all outcomes. In the intent-to-treat
             analysis, 52% in ICBT, 65% in GCBT, and 14% in WL were
             treatment responders. Planned pairwise comparisons found no
             significant differences between ICBT and GCBT. GCBT was
             superior to ICBT for children diagnosed with SOC.
             Improvement continued during 2-year follow-up with no
             significant between-groups differences. CONCLUSIONS: Among
             anxiety disordered children, both individual and group CBT
             can be effectively delivered in community clinics. Response
             rates were similar to those reported in efficacy trials.
             Although GCBT was more effective than ICBT for children with
             SOC following treatment, both treatments were comparable at
             2-year follow-up. Dropout rates were lower in GCBT than in
             ICBT, suggesting that GCBT may be better tolerated. Response
             rates continued to improve over the follow-up period, with
             low rates of relapse. (PsycINFO Database
             Record},
   Doi = {10.1037/ccp0000326},
   Key = {fds337699}
}

@article{fds323537,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and Maas, J and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Compton,
             SN and Neal-Barnett, AM and Franklin, ME and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {Comorbidity and quality of life in adults with hair pulling
             disorder.},
   Journal = {Psychiatry Res},
   Volume = {239},
   Pages = {12-19},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.063},
   Abstract = {Hair pulling disorder (HPD; trichotillomania) is thought to
             be associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity and
             functional impairment. However, few methodologically
             rigorous studies of HPD have been conducted, rendering such
             conclusions tenuous. The following study examined
             comorbidity and psychosocial functioning in a
             well-characterized sample of adults with HPD (N=85) who met
             DSM-IV criteria, had at least moderate hair pulling
             severity, and participated in a clinical trial. Results
             revealed that 38.8% of individuals with HPD had another
             current psychiatric diagnosis and 78.8% had another lifetime
             (present and/or past) psychiatric diagnosis. Specifically,
             HPD showed substantial overlap with depressive, anxiety,
             addictive, and other body-focused repetitive behavior
             disorders. The relationships between certain comorbidity
             patterns, hair pulling severity, current mood and anxiety
             symptoms, and quality of life were also examined. Results
             showed that current depressive symptoms were the only
             predictor of quality of life deficits. Implications of these
             findings for the conceptualization and treatment of HPD are
             discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.063},
   Key = {fds323537}
}

@article{fds356951,
   Author = {Harstad, S and Bjaastad, JF and Hjemdal, O and Compton, S and Waaktaar,
             T and Aalberg, M},
   Title = {Competence and Adherence Scale for Cognitive Behavioural
             Therapy (CAS-CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth:
             Reliability and factor structure},
   Journal = {Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465821000217},
   Abstract = {Background: There has been increased research interest into
             the concept of treatment integrity within psychotherapy
             research. The Competence and Adherence Scale for Cognitive
             Behavioural Therapy (CAS-CBT) was developed to measure
             therapists' competence and adherence in cognitive
             behavioural therapy (CBT), when delivered to children and
             youth with anxiety disorders. Aims: The aim of this study
             was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CAS-CBT
             in a naturalistic treatment setting. Method: Ratings of 212
             randomly selected sessions from a clinical effectiveness
             trial for children with anxiety disorders (n = 165, mean age
             = 10.46 years, SD = 1.49) were analysed to assess the
             psychometric properties of CAS-CBT. Therapy format included
             both individual sessions and group sessions. Results:
             Internal consistency for the CAS-CBT was excellent
             (Cronbach's alpha =.88). Factor analysis suggested a
             two-factor solution for the total sample, where the first
             factor was related to CBT structure and session goals, and
             the second factor was associated with process and relational
             skills. The individual CBT treatment condition (ICBT) and
             group CBT treatment condition (GCBT) showed the same factor
             solution. Conclusion: The CAS-CBT is a feasible and reliable
             measure for assessing competence and adherence to CBT in the
             treatment of anxious children. Future research is needed to
             further assess the generalizability of this scale, its
             psychometric properties in different treatment populations
             and with other treatment approaches, and ideally with larger
             sample sizes.},
   Doi = {10.1017/S1352465821000217},
   Key = {fds356951}
}

@article{fds365567,
   Author = {Krishnappa Babu and PR and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Aiello, R and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Franz, L and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Dawson, G and Sapiro,
             G},
   Title = {Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic
             toddlers.},
   Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
   Volume = {64},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {156-166},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13681},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early differences in sensorimotor functioning
             have been documented in young autistic children and infants
             who are later diagnosed with autism. Previous research has
             demonstrated that autistic toddlers exhibit more frequent
             head movement when viewing dynamic audiovisual stimuli,
             compared to neurotypical toddlers. To further explore this
             behavioral characteristic, in this study, computer vision
             (CV) analysis was used to measure several aspects of head
             movement dynamics of autistic and neurotypical toddlers
             while they watched a set of brief movies with social and
             nonsocial content presented on a tablet. METHODS: Data were
             collected from 457 toddlers, 17-36 months old, during
             their well-child visit to four pediatric primary care
             clinics. Forty-one toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with
             autism. An application (app) displayed several brief movies
             on a tablet, and the toddlers watched these movies while
             sitting on their caregiver's lap. The front-facing camera in
             the tablet recorded the toddlers' behavioral responses. CV
             was used to measure the participants' head movement rate,
             movement acceleration, and complexity using multiscale
             entropy. RESULTS: Autistic toddlers exhibited significantly
             higher rate, acceleration, and complexity in their head
             movements while watching the movies compared to neurotypical
             toddlers, regardless of the type of movie content (social
             vs. nonsocial). The combined features of head movement
             acceleration and complexity reliably distinguished the
             autistic and neurotypical toddlers. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic
             toddlers exhibit differences in their head movement dynamics
             when viewing audiovisual stimuli. Higher complexity of their
             head movements suggests that their movements were less
             predictable and less stable compared to neurotypical
             toddlers. CV offers a scalable means of detecting subtle
             differences in head movement dynamics, which may be helpful
             in identifying early behaviors associated with autism and
             providing insight into the nature of sensorimotor
             differences associated with autism.},
   Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13681},
   Key = {fds365567}
}

@article{fds357891,
   Author = {Chang, Z and Di Martino and JM and Aiello, R and Baker, J and Carpenter, K and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Harris, A and Howard, J and Perochon, S and Perrin, EM and Krishnappa Babu and PR and Spanos, M and Sullivan, C and Walter, BK and Kollins, SH and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G},
   Title = {Computational Methods to Measure Patterns of Gaze in
             Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder.},
   Journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
   Volume = {175},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {827-836},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0530},
   Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Atypical eye gaze is an early-emerging symptom
             of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and holds promise for
             autism screening. Current eye-tracking methods are expensive
             and require special equipment and calibration. There is a
             need for scalable, feasible methods for measuring eye gaze.
             OBJECTIVE: Using computational methods based on computer
             vision analysis, we evaluated whether an app deployed on an
             iPhone or iPad that displayed strategically designed brief
             movies could elicit and quantify differences in eye-gaze
             patterns of toddlers with ASD vs typical development.
             DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective study in
             pediatric primary care clinics was conducted from December
             2018 to March 2020, comparing toddlers with and without ASD.
             Caregivers of 1564 toddlers were invited to participate
             during a well-child visit. A total of 993 toddlers (63%)
             completed study measures. Enrollment criteria were aged 16
             to 38 months, healthy, English- or Spanish-speaking
             caregiver, and toddler able to sit and view the app.
             Participants were screened with the Modified Checklist for
             Autism in Toddlers-Revised With Follow-up during routine
             care. Children were referred by their pediatrician for
             diagnostic evaluation based on results of the checklist or
             if the caregiver or pediatrician was concerned. Forty
             toddlers subsequently were diagnosed with ASD. EXPOSURES: A
             mobile app displayed on a smartphone or tablet. MAIN
             OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Computer vision analysis quantified
             eye-gaze patterns elicited by the app, which were compared
             between toddlers with ASD vs typical development. RESULTS:
             Mean age of the sample was 21.1 months (range, 17.1-36.9
             months), and 50.6% were boys, 59.8% White individuals, 16.5%
             Black individuals, 23.7% other race, and 16.9%
             Hispanic/Latino individuals. Distinctive eye-gaze patterns
             were detected in toddlers with ASD, characterized by reduced
             gaze to social stimuli and to salient social moments during
             the movies, and previously unknown deficits in coordination
             of gaze with speech sounds. The area under the receiver
             operating characteristic curve discriminating ASD vs non-ASD
             using multiple gaze features was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.97).
             CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The app reliably measured both
             known and new gaze biomarkers that distinguished toddlers
             with ASD vs typical development. These novel results may
             have potential for developing scalable autism screening
             tools, exportable to natural settings, and enabling data
             sets amenable to machine learning.},
   Doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0530},
   Key = {fds357891}
}

@article{fds370624,
   Author = {Isaev, DY and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Di Martino and JM and Carpenter, K and Aiello, R and Compton, S and Davis, N and Franz, L and Sullivan, C and Dawson, G and Sapiro, G},
   Title = {Computer Vision Analysis of Caregiver-Child Interactions in
             Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Preliminary
             Report.},
   Journal = {J Autism Dev Disord},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05973-0},
   Abstract = {We report preliminary results of computer vision analysis of
             caregiver-child interactions during free play with children
             diagnosed with autism (N = 29, 41-91 months),
             attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, N = 22,
             48-100 months), or combined autism + ADHD (N = 20,
             56-98 months), and neurotypical children (NT, N = 7,
             55-95 months). We conducted micro-analytic analysis of
             'reaching to a toy,' as a proxy for initiating or responding
             to a toy play bout. Dyadic analysis revealed two clusters of
             interaction patterns, which differed in frequency of
             'reaching to a toy' and caregivers' contingent responding to
             the child's reach for a toy by also reaching for a toy.
             Children in dyads with higher caregiver responsiveness had
             less developed language, communication, and socialization
             skills. Clusters were not associated with diagnostic groups.
             These results hold promise for automated methods of
             characterizing caregiver responsiveness in dyadic
             interactions for assessment and outcome monitoring in
             clinical trials.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10803-023-05973-0},
   Key = {fds370624}
}

@article{fds302622,
   Author = {Skarphedinsson, G and Weidle, B and Thomsen, PH and Dahl, K and Torp,
             NC and Nissen, JB and Melin, KH and Hybel, K and Valderhaug, R and Wentzel-Larsen, T and Compton, SN and Ivarsson,
             T},
   Title = {Continued cognitive-behavior therapy versus sertraline for
             children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
             that were non-responders to cognitive-behavior therapy: a
             randomized controlled trial.},
   Journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {24},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {591-602},
   Publisher = {SPRINGER},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {1018-8827},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0613-0},
   Abstract = {Expert guidelines recommend cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
             as a first-line treatment in pediatric obsessive-compulsive
             disorder (OCD) and the addition of selective serotonin
             reuptake inhibitors when CBT is not effective. However, the
             recommendations for CBT non-responders are not supported by
             empirical data. Our objective was to investigate the
             effectiveness of sertraline (SRT) versus continued CBT in
             children and adolescents that did not respond to an initial
             course of CBT. Randomized controlled trial conducted in five
             sites in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 54 children and
             adolescents, age 7-17 years, with DSM-IV primary OCD were
             randomized to SRT or continued CBT for 16 weeks. These
             participants had been classified as non-responders to CBT
             following 14 weekly sessions. Primary outcomes were the
             CY-BOCS total score and clinical response (CY-BOCS <16). The
             study was a part of the Nordic Long-Term OCD Treatment Study
             (NordLOTS). Intent-to-treat sample included 50 participants,
             mean age 14.0 (SD = 2.7) and 48 (n = 24) males. Twenty-one
             of 28 participants (75%) completed continued CBT and 15 of
             22 participants (69.2%) completed SRT. Planned pairwise
             comparison of the CY-BOCS total score did not reveal a
             significant difference between the treatments (p = .351),
             the response rate was 50.0% in the CBT group and 45.4% in
             the SRT group. The multivariate χ (2) test suggested that
             there were no statistically significant differences between
             groups (p = .727). Within-group effect sizes were large and
             significant across both treatments. These large within-group
             effect sizes suggest that continued treatment for CBT
             non-responders is beneficial. However, there was no
             significant between-group differences in SRT or continued
             CBT at post-treatment.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s00787-014-0613-0},
   Key = {fds302622}
}

@article{fds339514,
   Author = {Gonzalez, A and Rozenman, M and Langley, AK and Kendall, PC and Ginsburg, GS and Compton, S and Walkup, JT and Birmaher, B and Albano,
             AM and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Correction to: Social Interpretation Bias in Children and
             Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders: Psychometric Examination
             of the Self-report of Ambiguous Social Situations for Youth
             (SASSY) Scale (Child & Youth Care Forum, (2017), 46, 3,
             (395-412), 10.1007/s10566-016-9381-y)},
   Journal = {Child and Youth Care Forum},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {769-770},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-018-9466-x},
   Abstract = {The original version of this article unfortunately contains
             the following errors. This has been corrected with this
             erratum.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10566-018-9466-x},
   Key = {fds339514}
}

@article{fds271496,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Cuffel, BJ and Burns, BJ and Goldman,
             W},
   Title = {Datapoints: Effects of changing from five to ten
             preauthorized outpatient sessions.},
   Journal = {Psychiatr Serv},
   Volume = {51},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {1223},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.10.1223},
   Doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.51.10.1223},
   Key = {fds271496}
}

@article{fds271488,
   Author = {Caporino, NE and Brodman, DM and Kendall, PC and Albano, AM and Sherrill, J and Piacentini, J and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Compton, SN and Ginsburg, G and Rynn, M and McCracken, J and Gosch, E and Keeton, C and March, J and Walkup, JT},
   Title = {Defining treatment response and remission in child anxiety:
             signal detection analysis using the pediatric anxiety rating
             scale.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {52},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {57-67},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.006},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine optimal Pediatric Anxiety Rating
             Scale (PARS) percent reduction and raw score cut-offs for
             predicting treatment response and remission among children
             and adolescents with anxiety disorders. METHOD: Data were
             from a subset of youth (N = 438; 7-17 years of age) who
             participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study (CAMS), a multi-site, randomized controlled trial that
             examined the relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral
             therapy (CBT; Coping Cat), medication (sertraline [SRT]),
             their combination, and pill placebo for the treatment of
             separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder,
             and social phobia. The clinician-rated PARS was administered
             pre- and posttreatment (delivered over 12 weeks). Quality
             receiver operating characteristic methods assessed the
             performance of various PARS percent reductions and absolute
             cut-off scores in predicting treatment response and
             remission, as determined by posttreatment ratings on the
             Clinical Global Impression scales and the Anxiety Disorders
             Interview Schedule for DSM-IV. Corresponding change in
             impairment was evaluated using the Child Anxiety Impact
             Scale. RESULTS: Reductions of 35% and 50% on the six-item
             PARS optimally predicted treatment response and remission,
             respectively. Post-treatment PARS raw scores of 8 to 10
             optimally predicted remission. Anxiety improved as a
             function of PARS-defined treatment response and remission.
             CONCLUSIONS: Results serve as guidelines for
             operationalizing treatment response and remission in future
             research and in making cross-study comparisons. These
             guidelines can facilitate translation of research findings
             into clinical practice.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.006},
   Key = {fds271488}
}

@article{fds336058,
   Author = {Palitz, SA and Caporino, NE and McGuire, JF and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Birmaher, B and Walkup, JT and Compton, SN and Ginsburg,
             GS and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Defining Treatment Response and Remission in Youth Anxiety:
             A Signal Detection Analysis With the Multidimensional
             Anxiety Scale for Children.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {57},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {418-427},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.013},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the percent reduction cutoffs on the
             Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) that
             optimally predict treatment response and remission in youth
             with anxiety disorders. METHOD: Youths and their parents
             completed the MASC-C/P before and after treatment, and the
             Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child and
             Parent Versions (ADIS-IV-C/P) and the Clinical Global
             Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I) were administered by
             independent evaluators. Treatment response and remission
             were defined by post-treatment ratings on the CGI-I and the
             ADIS-IV-C/P, respectively. Quality receiver operating
             characteristic methods determined the optimal cutoff on the
             MASC-P for predicting overall remission (loss of all study
             entry diagnoses) and optimal percent reductions on the
             MASC-P for predicting treatment response and remission of
             separation anxiety, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety.
             RESULTS: A post-treatment raw score of 42 optimally
             predicted remission. A reduction of 35% on the total MASC-P
             predicted treatment response. A reduction of 30% on the
             Separation Anxiety/Panic subscale of the MASC-P predicted
             separation anxiety remission. A reduction of 35% on the
             Social Anxiety subscale of the MASC-P predicted social
             anxiety remission. The MASC did not evidence a cutoff for
             remission of generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: MASC
             cutoffs can facilitate comparison across studies and guide
             practice, aiding clinicians in assessing progress and
             informing treatment plans.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.013},
   Key = {fds336058}
}

@article{fds302616,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and Capriotti, MR and De Nadai and AS and Compton, SN and Twohig, MP and Neal-Barnett, AM and Saunders, SM and Franklin, ME and Woods, DW},
   Title = {Defining treatment response in trichotillomania: a signal
             detection analysis.},
   Journal = {J Anxiety Disord},
   Volume = {36},
   Pages = {44-51},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0887-6185},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.09.008},
   Abstract = {The Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale
             (MGH-HPS) and the NIMH Trichotillomania Severity Scale
             (NIMH-TSS) are two widely used measures of trichotillomania
             severity. Despite their popular use, currently no
             empirically-supported guidelines exist to determine the
             degrees of change on these scales that best indicate
             treatment response. Determination of such criteria could aid
             in clinical decision-making by defining clinically
             significant treatment response/recovery and producing
             accurate power analyses for use in clinical trials research.
             Adults with trichotillomania (N=69) participated in a
             randomized controlled trial of psychotherapy and were
             assessed before and after treatment. Response status was
             measured via the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement
             Scale, and remission status was measured via the Clinical
             Global Impressions-Severity Scale. For treatment response, a
             45% reduction or 7-point raw score change on the MGH-HPS was
             the best indicator of clinically significant treatment
             response, and on the NIMH-TSS, a 30-40% reduction or 6-point
             raw score difference was most effective cutoff. For disorder
             remission, a 55-60% reduction or 7-point raw score change on
             the MGH-HPS was the best predictor, and on the NIMH-TSS, a
             65% reduction or 6-point raw score change was the best
             indicator of disorder remission. Implications of these
             findings are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.09.008},
   Key = {fds302616}
}

@article{fds271459,
   Author = {Vitiello, B and Brent, DA and Greenhill, LL and Emslie, G and Wells, K and Walkup, JT and Stanley, B and Bukstein, O and Kennard, BD and Compton,
             S and Coffey, B and Cwik, MF and Posner, K and Wagner, A and March, JS and Riddle, M and Goldstein, T and Curry, J and Capasso, L and Mayes, T and Shen, S and Gugga, SS and Turner, JB and Barnett, S and Zelazny,
             J},
   Title = {Depressive symptoms and clinical status during the Treatment
             of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA) Study.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {997-1004},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5db66},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the course of depression during the
             treatment of adolescents with depression who had recently
             attempted suicide. METHOD: Adolescents (N = 124), ages 12 to
             18 years, with a 90-day history of suicide attempt, a
             current diagnosis of depressive disorder (96.0% had major
             depressive disorder), and a Children's Depression Rating
             Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) score of 36 or higher, entered a
             6-month treatment with antidepressant medication,
             cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on suicide prevention,
             or their combination (Comb), at five academic sites.
             Treatment assignment could be either random or chosen by
             study participants. Intent-to-treat, mixed effects
             regression models of depression and other relevant ratings
             were estimated. Improvement and remission rates were
             computed with the last observation carried forward. RESULTS:
             Most patients (n = 104 or 84%) chose treatment assignment,
             and overall, three fourths (n = 93) received Comb. In Comb,
             CDRS-R declined from a baseline adjusted mean of 49.6 (SD
             12.3) to 38.3 (8.0) at week 12 and to 27.0 (10.1) at week 24
             (p < .0001), with a Clinical Global Impression -defined
             improvement rate of 58.0% at week 12 and 72.2% at week 24
             and a remission (CDRS-R ≤ 28) rate of 32.5% at week 12 and
             50.0% at week 24. The CDRS-R and the Scale for Suicidal
             Ideation scores were correlated at baseline (r = 0.43, p <
             .0001) and declined in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: When
             vigorously treated with a combination of medication and
             psychotherapy, adolescents with depression who have recently
             attempted suicide show rates of improvement and remission of
             depression that seem comparable to those observed in
             nonsuicidal adolescents with depression.},
   Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5db66},
   Key = {fds271459}
}

@article{fds271490,
   Author = {Almirall, D and Compton, SN and Gunlicks-Stoessel, M and Duan, N and Murphy, SA},
   Title = {Designing a pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized
             trial for developing an adaptive treatment
             strategy.},
   Journal = {Stat Med},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {1887-1902},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0277-6715},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4512},
   Abstract = {There is growing interest in how best to adapt and readapt
             treatments to individuals to maximize clinical benefit. In
             response, adaptive treatment strategies (ATS), which
             operationalize adaptive, sequential clinical decision
             making, have been developed. From a patient's perspective an
             ATS is a sequence of treatments, each individualized to the
             patient's evolving health status. From a clinician's
             perspective, an ATS is a sequence of decision rules that
             input the patient's current health status and output the
             next recommended treatment. Sequential multiple assignment
             randomized trials (SMART) have been developed to address the
             sequencing questions that arise in the development of ATSs,
             but SMARTs are relatively new in clinical research. This
             article provides an introduction to ATSs and SMART designs.
             This article also discusses the design of SMART pilot
             studies to address feasibility concerns, and to prepare
             investigators for a full-scale SMART. We consider an example
             SMART for the development of an ATS in the treatment of
             pediatric generalized anxiety disorders. Using the example
             SMART, we identify and discuss design issues unique to
             SMARTs that are best addressed in an external pilot study
             prior to the full-scale SMART. We also address the question
             of how many participants are needed in a SMART pilot study.
             A properly executed pilot study can be used to effectively
             address concerns about acceptability and feasibility in
             preparation for (that is, prior to) executing a full-scale
             SMART.},
   Doi = {10.1002/sim.4512},
   Key = {fds271490}
}

@article{fds336060,
   Author = {Pistorello, J and Jobes, DA and Compton, SN and Locey, NS and Walloch,
             JC and Gallop, R and Au, JS and Noose, SK and Young, M and Johnson, J and Dickens, Y and Chatham, P and Jeffcoat, T and Dalto, G and Goswami,
             S},
   Title = {Developing Adaptive Treatment Strategies to Address Suicidal
             Risk in College Students: A Pilot Sequential, Multiple
             Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART).},
   Journal = {Arch Suicide Res},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {644-664},
   Year = {2017},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2017.1392915},
   Abstract = {This pilot study investigated the potential to utilize
             adaptive treatment strategies for treating moderate to
             severe suicidal risk among college students. This article
             will describe the unique study design and report on
             feasibility and acceptability findings. A 2-stage Sequential
             Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) was conducted:
             In Stage 1, 62 suicidal college students were randomized to
             either a suicide-focused or a treatment-as-usual condition
             (4-8 weeks). Those deemed insufficient responders were
             re-randomized to one of two Stage 2 interventions-both
             suicide-focused but one comprehensive and multimodal and the
             other flexible and theoretically agnostic (4-16 additional
             weeks). Recruitment rates were high, treatment dropout
             levels were lower than expected for the setting, study
             dropouts were rare, and counselors were able to deliver
             suicide-focused approaches with fidelity. Treatment
             satisfaction was high among clients and moderately high
             among counselors. Findings from this pilot show that a SMART
             is highly feasible and acceptable to suicidal college
             students, counselors, and campuses.},
   Doi = {10.1080/13811118.2017.1392915},
   Key = {fds336060}
}

@article{fds369783,
   Author = {Almirall, D and Compton, S and Murphy, SA},
   Title = {Development of adaptive treatment strategies in mood
             disorders: Rethinking maintenance therapy
             trials},
   Journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {29-29},
   Publisher = {CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {January},
   Key = {fds369783}
}

@article{fds327204,
   Author = {Hoff, AL and Kendall, PC and Langley, A and Ginsburg, G and Keeton, C and Compton, S and Sherrill, J and Walkup, J and Birmaher, B and Albano, AM and Suveg, C and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Developmental Differences in Functioning in Youth With
             Social Phobia.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {686-694},
   Year = {2017},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1079779},
   Abstract = {Social phobia (SoP) in youth may manifest differently across
             development as parent involvement in their social lives
             changes and social and academic expectations increase. This
             cross-sectional study investigated whether self-reported and
             parent-reported functioning in youth with SoP changes with
             age in social, academic, and home/family domains. Baseline
             anxiety impairment data from 488 treatment-seeking
             anxiety-disordered youth (ages 7-17, N = 400 with a SoP
             diagnosis) and their parents were gathered using the Child
             Anxiety Impact Scale and were analyzed using generalized
             estimating equations. According to youth with SoP and their
             parents, overall difficulties, social difficulties, and
             academic difficulties increased with age, even when
             controlling for SoP severity. These effects significantly
             differed for youth with anxiety disorders other than SoP.
             Adolescents may avoid social situations as parental
             involvement in their social lives decreases, and their
             withdrawn behavior may result in increasing difficulty in
             the social domain. Their avoidance of class participation
             and oral presentations may increasingly impact their
             academic performance as school becomes more demanding.
             Implications are discussed for the early detection and
             intervention of SoP to prevent increased impairment over the
             course of development.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2015.1079779},
   Key = {fds327204}
}

@article{fds347050,
   Author = {Jensen, S and Højgaard, DRMA and Hybel, KA and Mortensen, EL and Skarphedinsson, G and Melin, K and Ivarsson, T and Nissen, JB and Weidle, B and Valderhaug, R and Torp, NC and Dahl, K and Compton, S and Thomsen, PH},
   Title = {Distinct trajectories of long-term symptom severity in
             pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder during and after
             stepped-care treatment.},
   Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
   Volume = {61},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {969-978},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13155},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: First-line treatments for pediatric
             obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include exposure-based
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin
             reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). No studies have thus far
             identified distinct classes and associated predictors of
             long-term symptom severity during and after treatment. Yet,
             these could form the basis for more personalized treatment
             in pediatric OCD. METHOD: The study included 269 OCD
             patients aged 7-17 years from the Nordic Long-term OCD
             Treatment Study (NordLOTS). All participants received
             stepped-care treatment starting with 14 weekly sessions of
             manualized CBT. Nonresponders were randomized to either
             prolonged CBT or SSRIs. Symptom severity was assessed using
             the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale at
             seven time points from pre- to post-treatment and over a
             three-year follow-up. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA)
             was performed to identify latent classes of symptom severity
             trajectories. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used
             to detect differences between classes and identify
             predictors of trajectory class membership including several
             clinical and demographic variables. TRIAL REGISTRY: Nordic
             Long-term Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment
             Study; www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN66385119. RESULTS:
             Three LCGA classes were identified: (a) acute, sustained
             responders (54.6%); (b) slow, continued responders (23.4%);
             and (c) limited long-term responders (21.9%). Class
             membership was predicted by distinct baseline
             characteristics pertaining to age, symptom severity,
             contamination/cleaning and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:
             The LCGA suggests three distinct trajectory classes of
             long-term symptom severity during and after treatment in
             pediatric OCD with different clinical profiles at
             pretreatment. The results point to required clinical
             attention for adolescent patients with contamination/cleaning
             and anxiety symptoms who do not show convincing responses to
             first-line treatment even though they may have reached the
             established cutoff for treatment response.},
   Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13155},
   Key = {fds347050}
}

@article{fds369896,
   Author = {Rabner, JC and Olino, TM and Albano, AM and Ginsburg, GS and Compton,
             SN and Piacentini, J and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Gosch, E and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Do youth anxiety measures assess the same construct
             consistently throughout treatment? Results
             are...complicated.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01515-y},
   Abstract = {Interventionists interpret changes in symptoms as reflecting
             response to treatment. However, changes in symptom
             functioning and the measurement of the underlying constructs
             may be reflected in reported change. Longitudinal
             measurement invariance (LMI) is a statistical approach that
             assesses the degree to which measures consistently capture
             the same construct over time. We examined LMI in measures of
             anxiety severity/symptoms [i.e., Pediatric Anxiety Rating
             Scale (PARS), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
             (MASC), Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders
             (SCARED)] in anxious youth at baseline and posttreatment.
             Initial fit was inadequate for 27 of 38 baseline and
             posttreatment models, but model modifications resulted in
             acceptable fit. Tests of LMI supported scalar invariance for
             the PARS and many, but not all, MASC and SCARED subscales.
             Findings suggest that the PARS, and many MASC and SCARED
             subscales can accurately be used to measure change over
             time, however, others may reflect changes in measurement
             properties.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-023-01515-y},
   Key = {fds369896}
}

@article{fds323538,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and McFarland, CS and Franklin, ME and Twohig, MP and Compton, SN and Neal-Barnett, AM and Saunders, SM and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {DSM-5 Trichotillomania: Perception of Adults With
             Trichotillomania After Psychosocial Treatment.},
   Journal = {Psychiatry},
   Volume = {79},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {164-169},
   Year = {2016},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2016.1144438},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Trichotillomania (TTM) is associated with
             significant embarrassment and is viewed negatively by
             others. A potentially important outcome variable that is
             often overlooked in treatment for TTM is appearance and
             social perception. METHOD: The present study tested whether
             participants in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of
             psychotherapy for TTM are viewed more positively by others.
             All participants in the trial were photographed at baseline
             and posttreatment. Three treatment responders and three
             treatment nonresponders were selected randomly for the
             present study. Several healthy controls were also
             photographed in a similar manner. Undergraduate college
             students (N = 245) assessed whether they would reject the
             person socially, whether the individual has a psychological
             or medical problem, and attractiveness. RESULTS: Individuals
             with TTM were viewed more negatively than healthy controls
             at baseline, but treatment responders showed positive
             improvements on all perceptions relative to nonresponders.
             While treatment responders were still perceived more poorly
             than controls on social rejection and perceptions of
             problems at posttreatment, responders where rated no
             differently than controls on attractiveness at
             posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that persons
             with TTM who respond to treatment are rated by others as
             significantly improved in appearance, but they might be
             still stigmatized or socially rejected.},
   Doi = {10.1080/00332747.2016.1144438},
   Key = {fds323538}
}

@article{fds271472,
   Author = {Freeman, JB and Garcia, AM and Coyne, L and Ale, C and Przeworski, A and Himle, M and Compton, S and Leonard, HL},
   Title = {Early childhood OCD: preliminary findings from a
             family-based cognitive-behavioral approach.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {593-602},
   Year = {2008},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816765f9},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative efficacy of family-based
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus family-based
             relaxation treatment (RT) for young children ages 5 to 8
             years with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD:
             Forty-two young children with primary OCD were randomized to
             receive 12 sessions of family-based CBT or family-based RT.
             Assessments were conducted before and after treatment by
             independent raters blind to treatment assignment. Primary
             outcomes included scores on the Children's Yale-Brown
             Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Clinical Global
             Impressions-Improvement. RESULTS: For the intent-to-treat
             sample, CBT was associated with a moderate treatment effect
             (d = 0.53), although there was not a significant difference
             between the groups at conventional levels. For the completer
             sample, CBT had a large effect (d = 0.85), and there was a
             significant group difference favoring CBT. In the
             intent-to-treat sample, 50% of children in the CBT group
             achieved remission as compared to 20% in the RT group. In
             the completer sample, 69% of children in the CBT group
             achieved a clinical remission compared to 20% in the RT
             group. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that children with
             early-onset OCD benefit from a treatment approach tailored
             to their developmental needs and family context. CBT was
             effective in reducing OCD symptoms and in helping a large
             number of children achieve a clinical remission.},
   Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816765f9},
   Key = {fds271472}
}

@article{fds373395,
   Author = {Perochon, S and Di Martino and JM and Carpenter, KLH and Compton, S and Davis, N and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Franz, L and Krishnappa
             Babu, PR and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G},
   Title = {Early detection of autism using digital behavioral
             phenotyping.},
   Journal = {Nat Med},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {2489-2497},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3},
   Abstract = {Early detection of autism, a neurodevelopmental condition
             associated with challenges in social communication, ensures
             timely access to intervention. Autism screening
             questionnaires have been shown to have lower accuracy when
             used in real-world settings, such as primary care, as
             compared to research studies, particularly for children of
             color and girls. Here we report findings from a multiclinic,
             prospective study assessing the accuracy of an autism
             screening digital application (app) administered during a
             pediatric well-child visit to 475 (17-36 months old)
             children (269 boys and 206 girls), of which 49 were
             diagnosed with autism and 98 were diagnosed with
             developmental delay without autism. The app displayed
             stimuli that elicited behavioral signs of autism, quantified
             using computer vision and machine learning. An algorithm
             combining multiple digital phenotypes showed high diagnostic
             accuracy with the area under the receiver operating
             characteristic curve = 0.90, sensitivity = 87.8%,
             specificity = 80.8%, negative predictive
             value = 97.8% and positive predictive value = 40.6%.
             The algorithm had similar sensitivity performance across
             subgroups as defined by sex, race and ethnicity. These
             results demonstrate the potential for digital phenotyping to
             provide an objective, scalable approach to autism screening
             in real-world settings. Moreover, combining results from
             digital phenotyping and caregiver questionnaires may
             increase autism screening accuracy and help reduce
             disparities in access to diagnosis and intervention.},
   Doi = {10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3},
   Key = {fds373395}
}

@article{fds363252,
   Author = {Babiano-Espinosa, L and Skarphedinsson, G and Weidle, B and Wolters,
             LH and Compton, S and Ivarsson, T and Skokauskas,
             N},
   Title = {eCBT Versus Standard Individual CBT for Paediatric
             Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1567-1576},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01350-7},
   Abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by
             recurring obsessions and compulsions often with severe
             impairment affecting 1-3% of children and adolescents.
             Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the therapeutic
             golden standard for paediatric OCD. However, face-to-face
             CBT is limited by accessibility, availability, and quality
             of delivery. Enhanced CBT (eCBT) a combination of
             face-to-face sessions at the clinic and treatment at home
             via webcam and a supportive app system aims to address some
             of these barriers. In this pilot study, we compared eCBT
             outcomes of 25 paediatric patients with OCD benchmarked
             against traditional face-to-face CBT (n = 269) from the
             Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study, the largest paediatric
             OCD CBT study to date. Pairwise comparisons showed no
             difference between eCBT and NordLOTS treatment outcomes.
             Mean estimate difference was 2.5 in favour of eCBT (95% CI
             - 0.3 to 5.3). eCBT compared to NordLOTS showed no
             significant differences between response and remission
             rates, suggesting similar effectiveness.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-022-01350-7},
   Key = {fds363252}
}

@article{fds271460,
   Author = {Barlow, A and Mullany, B and Neault, N and Compton, S and Carter, A and Hastings, R and Billy, T and Coho-Mescal, V and Lorenzo, S and Walkup,
             JT},
   Title = {Effect of a paraprofessional home-visiting intervention on
             American Indian teen mothers’ and infants’ behavioral
             risks: a randomized controlled trial.},
   Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
   Volume = {170},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {83-93},
   Publisher = {American Psychiatric Publishing},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0002-953X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010121},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to examine the effectiveness
             of Family Spirit, a paraprofessional-delivered,
             home-visiting pregnancy and early childhood intervention,in
             improving American Indian teen mothers’ parenting outcomes
             and mothers’and children’s emotional and behavioral
             functioning 12 months postpartum. METHOD: Pregnant American
             Indian teens(N=322) from four southwestern tribal
             reservation communities were randomlyassigned in equal
             numbers to the Family Spirit intervention plus optimized
             standard care or to optimized standard care alone. Parent
             and child emotional and behavioral outcome data were
             collected at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum
             using self-reports, interviews,and observational measures.
             RESULTS: At 12 months postpartum, mothers in the
             intervention group had significantly greater parenting
             knowledge parenting self-efficacy, and home safety attitudes
             and fewer externalizing behaviors,and their children had
             fewer externalizing problems. In a subsample of mothers with
             any lifetime substance use at baseline (N=285; 88.5%),
             children in the intervention group had fewer externalizing
             and dysregulation problems than those in the standard care
             group, and fewer scored in the clinically “at risk”
             range ($10th percentile) for externalizing and internalizing
             problems. No between-group differences were observed for
             outcomes measured by the Home Observation for Measurement of
             the Environment scale. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes 12 months
             postpartum suggest that the Family Spirit intervention
             improves parenting and infant outcomes that predict lower
             lifetime behavioral and drug use risk for participating teen
             mothers and children.},
   Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010121},
   Key = {fds271460}
}

@article{fds327207,
   Author = {Costello, EJ and Compton, SN and Keeler, G and Angold,
             A},
   Title = {Effect of poverty on emotional symptoms in children -
             Reply},
   Journal = {JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION},
   Volume = {291},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {424-424},
   Year = {2004},
   Key = {fds327207}
}

@article{fds271501,
   Author = {Case, B},
   Title = {Effect of poverty on emotional symptoms in
             children.},
   Journal = {JAMA},
   Volume = {291},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {424},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.4.424-a},
   Doi = {10.1001/jama.291.4.424-a},
   Key = {fds271501}
}

@article{fds369776,
   Author = {Kolitsopoulos, F and Ramaker, S and Compton, SN and Broderick, S and Orazem, J and Bao, W and Lokhnygina, Y and Marschall, K and Chappell,
             P},
   Title = {Effects of Long-Term Sertraline Use on Pediatric Growth and
             Development: The Sertraline Pediatric Registry for The
             Evaluation of Safety (SPRITES).},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {33},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {2-13},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2022.0048},
   Abstract = {Objective: To describe the results of the Sertraline
             Pediatric Registry for The Evaluation of Safety (SPRITES)
             outcome measures of cognitive, emotional, and physical
             development following long-term treatment with sertraline
             (for up to 3 years) in children and adolescents aged 6-16
             years. Methods: SPRITES was a long-term, multicenter,
             open-label, prospective observational study designed to
             compare physical and psychological development in pediatric
             patients exposed to sertraline (with or without
             psychotherapy) or psychotherapy alone in usual care
             settings. Data were summarized descriptively, and outcomes
             were evaluated using a marginal structural model. Results:
             Between April 2012 and September 2020, 941 patients across
             44 U.S. sites participated in the study. At baseline, 695
             participants were exposed to sertraline (physician
             prescribed) with or without psychotherapy, and 245
             participants were exposed to psychotherapy alone. Of these,
             432 participants (46.0%) completed the full 3-year study
             follow-up. No significant changes across time were found in
             standardized height, BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of
             Executive Function), Trails B, and Tanner stage based on
             cumulative sertraline exposure or exposure since the last
             visit. Change in mean standardized weight across time was
             positively associated with both cumulative sertraline
             exposure (p = 0.02) and exposure since the last visit
             (p = 0.029). The mean changes from baseline across time
             in standardized weight were standard deviations of 0.02,
             0.03, 0.16, and 0.17 at months 3, 6, 30, and 36,
             respectively. However, this finding was not observed in the
             mean change across time in standardized body mass index,
             which was not statistically significant. Conclusions:
             Results are consistent with normal development. Although a
             statistically significant finding for standardized weight
             was observed in comparative analyses, the magnitude of the
             change is small and observed at higher doses of sertraline
             only. No other significant differences were observed between
             the "sertraline" group and the "no pharmacological therapy"
             group on other primary outcome measures. ClinicalTrials.gov
             identifier: NCT01302080.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2022.0048},
   Key = {fds369776}
}

@article{fds341760,
   Author = {Murias, M and Major, S and Compton, S and Buttinger, J and Sun, JM and Kurtzberg, J and Dawson, G},
   Title = {Electrophysiological Biomarkers Predict Clinical Improvement
             in an Open-Label Trial Assessing Efficacy of Autologous
             Umbilical Cord Blood for Treatment of Autism.},
   Journal = {Stem Cells Transl Med},
   Volume = {7},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {783-791},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sctm.18-0090},
   Abstract = {This study was a phase I, single-center, and open-label
             trial of a single intravenous infusion of autologous
             umbilical cord blood in young children with autism spectrum
             disorder (ASD). Twenty-five children between the ages of 2
             and 6 with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and a qualified
             banked autologous umbilical cord blood unit were enrolled.
             Safety results and clinical outcomes measured at 6 and 12
             months post-infusion have been previously published. The
             purpose of the present analysis was to explore whether
             measures of electroencephalography (EEG) theta, alpha, and
             beta power showed evidence of change after treatment and
             whether baseline EEG characteristics were predictive of
             clinical improvement. The primary endpoint was the
             parent-reported Vineland adaptive behavior scales-II
             socialization subscale score, collected at baseline, 6- and
             12-month visits. In addition, the expressive one word
             picture vocabulary test 4 and the clinical global
             impression-improvement scale were administered.
             Electrophysiological recordings were taken during viewing of
             dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli at 6 and 12 months
             post-treatment. Significant changes in EEG spectral
             characteristics were found by 12 months post-infusion, which
             were characterized by increased alpha and beta power and
             decreased EEG theta power. Furthermore, higher baseline
             posterior EEG beta power was associated with a greater
             degree of improvement in social communication symptoms,
             highlighting the potential for an EEG biomarker to predict
             variation in outcome. Taken together, the results suggest
             that EEG measures may be useful endpoints for future ASD
             clinical trials. Stem Cells Translational Medicine
             2018;7:783-791.},
   Doi = {10.1002/sctm.18-0090},
   Key = {fds341760}
}

@article{fds302617,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and Balsis, S and Stein, DJ and Compton, SN and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Franklin, ME and Neal-Barnett, AM and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {Examining DSM criteria for trichotillomania in a dimensional
             framework: implications for DSM-5 and diagnostic
             practice.},
   Journal = {Compr Psychiatry},
   Volume = {60},
   Pages = {9-16},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {July},
   ISSN = {0010-440X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.011},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of trichotillomania (TTM) requires
             meeting several criteria that aim to embody the core
             pathology of the disorder. These criteria are traditionally
             interpreted monothetically, in that they are all equally
             necessary for diagnosis. Alternatively, a dimensional
             conceptualization of psychopathology allows for examination
             of the relatedness of each criterion to the TTM latent
             continuum. OBJECTIVES: First, to examine the ability of
             recently removed criteria (B and C) to identify the latent
             dimensions of TTM psychopathology, such that they
             discriminate between individuals with low and high degrees
             of hair pulling severity. Second, to determine the impact of
             removing criteria B and C on the information content of
             remaining diagnostic criteria. Third, to determine the
             psychometric properties of remaining TTM diagnostic criteria
             that remain largely unchanged in DSM-5; that is, whether
             they measure distinct or overlapping levels of TTM
             psychopathology. Fourth, to determine whether information
             content derived from diagnostic criteria aid in the
             prediction of disease trajectory (i.e., can relapse
             propensity be predicted from criteria endorsement patterns).
             METHOD: Statistics derived from item response theory were
             used to examine diagnostic criteria endorsement in 91 adults
             with TTM who underwent psychotherapy. RESULTS: The removal
             of two criteria in DSM-5 and psychometric validity of
             remaining criteria was supported. Additionally, individual
             trait parameters were used to predict treatment progress,
             uncovering predictive power where none previously existed.
             CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic criteria for TTM should be examined
             in dimensional models, which allow for nuanced and sensitive
             measurement of core symptomology in treatment
             contexts.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.011},
   Key = {fds302617}
}

@article{fds369780,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Brookhart, MA and Gaynes, BN and Compton, SN and Dusetzina, SB and Sturmer, T},
   Title = {Examining Parental Adherence as a Predictor of Child SSRI
             Adherence in Pediatric Anxiety},
   Journal = {PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY},
   Volume = {26},
   Pages = {240-241},
   Publisher = {WILEY},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {August},
   Key = {fds369780}
}

@article{fds336057,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Brookhart, MA and Gaynes, BN and Compton, SN and Dusetzina, SB and Stürmer, T},
   Title = {Examining Parental Medication Adherence as a Predictor of
             Child Medication Adherence in Pediatric Anxiety
             Disorders.},
   Journal = {Med Care},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {510-519},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000911},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
             are the recommended first-line pharmacotherapy for pediatric
             anxiety disorders but adherence remains difficult to
             predict. OBJECTIVES: To estimate SSRI adherence in children
             with anxiety disorders and determine if prior parental
             medication adherence is predictive of child high SSRI
             adherence. METHODS: We identified children (3-17 y)
             initiating SSRI treatment after an anxiety disorder
             diagnosis in a commercial claims database (2005-2014). We
             evaluated parent SSRI, statin, and antihypertensive
             adherence [6-mo proportion days covered (PDC), high
             adherence=PDC≥0.80] in the year before child SSRI
             initiation. We estimated risk differences (RD) of child high
             SSRI adherence (6-mo PDC) stratified by parent adherence and
             multivariable risk ratios using modified Poisson regression.
             We estimated change in c-statistic and risk reclassification
             when adding parent-level covariates with child-level
             covariates to predict child adherence. RESULTS: In 70,979
             children with an anxiety disorder (59%=female, 14=median
             age), the mean 6-month SSRI PDC was 0.72, with variation by
             anxiety disorder. Overall 64% of children had high adherence
             if their parent had high SSRI adherence versus 53% of
             children with parents with low SSRI adherence (RD, 12%;
             multivariable risk ratios, 1.17; 95% confidence interval,
             1.14-1.20). Findings were similar for parent statin (RD=10%)
             and antihypertensive adherence (RD=8%) and when stratified
             by child age and parent sex. There was minor improvement in
             risk reclassification and the c-statistic after adding
             parent adherence and parent-level covariates. CONCLUSIONS:
             Parental medication adherence could help providers identify
             children at risk of nonadherence to inform the treatment
             decision, reduce unnecessary medication switches, and lead
             to broader effective interventions.},
   Doi = {10.1097/MLR.0000000000000911},
   Key = {fds336057}
}

@article{fds359489,
   Author = {Babu, PRK and Di Martino and JM and Chang, Z and Perochon, S and Carpenter,
             KLH and Compton, S and Espinosa, S and Dawson, G and Sapiro,
             G},
   Title = {Exploring Complexity of Facial Dynamics in Autism Spectrum
             Disorder.},
   Journal = {IEEE Trans Affect Comput},
   Volume = {14},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {919-930},
   Year = {2023},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2021.3113876},
   Abstract = {Atypical facial expression is one of the early symptoms of
             autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characterized by reduced
             regularity and lack of coordination of facial movements.
             Automatic quantification of these behaviors can offer novel
             biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and treatment
             monitoring of ASD. In this work, 40 toddlers with ASD and
             396 typically developing toddlers were shown
             developmentally-appropriate and engaging movies presented on
             a smart tablet during a well-child pediatric visit. The
             movies consisted of social and non-social dynamic scenes
             designed to evoke certain behavioral and affective
             responses. The front-facing camera of the tablet was used to
             capture the toddlers' face. Facial landmarks' dynamics were
             then automatically computed using computer vision
             algorithms. Subsequently, the complexity of the landmarks'
             dynamics was estimated for the eyebrows and mouth regions
             using multiscale entropy. Compared to typically developing
             toddlers, toddlers with ASD showed higher complexity (i.e.,
             less predictability) in these landmarks' dynamics. This
             complexity in facial dynamics contained novel information
             not captured by traditional facial affect analyses. These
             results suggest that computer vision analysis of facial
             landmark movements is a promising approach for detecting and
             quantifying early behavioral symptoms associated with
             ASD.},
   Doi = {10.1109/taffc.2021.3113876},
   Key = {fds359489}
}

@article{fds271483,
   Author = {Conelea, CA and Woods, DW and Zinner, SH and Budman, C and Murphy, T and Scahill, LD and Compton, SN and Walkup, J},
   Title = {Exploring the impact of chronic tic disorders on youth:
             results from the Tourette Syndrome Impact
             Survey.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {219-242},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0009-398X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0211-4},
   Abstract = {Prior research has demonstrated that chronic tic disorders
             (CTD) are associated with functional impairment across
             several domains. However, methodological limitations, such
             as data acquired by parental report, datasets aggregated
             across child and adult samples, and small treatment-seeking
             samples, curtail interpretation. The current study explored
             the functional impact of tics among youth in a large,
             "virtual" community sample. An Internet-based survey was
             completed by families with children who had CTD. The sample
             included 740 parents and 232 of their children (ages 10-17
             years). The survey assessed impact across five functional
             domains: physical, social, familial, academic, and
             psychological. Health-related quality of life and
             perceptions of discrimination resulting from tics were also
             assessed. Results suggest that (1) youth with CTD experience
             mild to moderate functional impairment, (2) impairment is
             generally positively correlated with tic severity, (3)
             children with CTD plus one or more co-occurring psychiatric
             conditions tend to have greater functional impairment, and
             (4) a notable portion of youth with CTD experience
             discrimination due to tics. Implications and limitations of
             these findings are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-010-0211-4},
   Key = {fds271483}
}

@article{fds327203,
   Author = {Strawn, JR and Compton, SN and Robertson, B and Albano, AM and Hamdani,
             M and Rynn, MA},
   Title = {Extended Release Guanfacine in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders:
             A Pilot, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {27},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {29-37},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2016.0132},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This is a feasibility study evaluating the
             safety, tolerability, and potential anxiolytic efficacy of
             the α2 agonist guanfacine extended-release (GXR) in
             children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder
             (GAD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), or social
             phobia/social anxiety disorder. METHODS: Youth aged 6-17
             years with a primary diagnosis of GAD, SAD, and/or social
             anxiety disorder were treated with flexibly dosed GXR
             (1-6 mg daily, n = 62) or placebo (n = 21) for 12
             weeks. The primary aim of this study was to determine the
             safety and tolerability of GXR in youth with anxiety
             disorders, which involved the analysis of treatment-emergent
             adverse events (TEAEs), the emergence of suicidal ideation
             and behaviors, vital signs, and electrocardiographic/laboratory
             parameters. Exploratory efficacy measures included
             dimensional anxiety scales (Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale
             [PARS] and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional
             Disorders [SCARED]), as well as the Clinical Global
             Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. As this was an
             exploratory study, no inferential statistical analyses were
             performed. RESULTS: GXR was safe and well tolerated.
             Treatment-related mean ± standard deviation changes in
             heart rate (GXR: 1.8 ± 12 beats per minute [bpm]
             decrease; placebo: 0.5 ± 11 bpm decrease), systolic
             blood pressure (GXR: 2.3 ± 11 mm Hg decrease;
             placebo: 1.7 ± 11 mm Hg decrease), or diastolic blood
             pressure (GXR: 1.3 ± 9 mm Hg decrease; placebo:
             0.9 ± 7 mm Hg increase) were similar between
             treatment groups. TEAEs, including headache,
             somnolence/fatigue, abdominal pain, and dizziness, were
             consistent with the known safety profile of GXR. No
             differences were observed between treatment groups for PARS
             and SCARED scores, although at endpoint, a higher proportion
             of subjects receiving GXR versus placebo demonstrated CGI-I
             scores ≤2 (54.2% vs. 31.6%), as rated by the clinician
             investigator. CONCLUSIONS: GXR was well tolerated in
             pediatric subjects with GAD, SAD, and/or social anxiety
             disorder. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
             NCT01470469.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2016.0132},
   Key = {fds327203}
}

@article{fds323534,
   Author = {Alexander, JR and Houghton, DC and Twohig, MP and Franklin, ME and Saunders, SM and Neal-Barnett, AM and Compton, SN and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {Factor analysis of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of
             Trichotillomania-Adult Version.},
   Journal = {J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord},
   Volume = {11},
   Pages = {31-38},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.08.001},
   Abstract = {The Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult
             Version (MIST-A; Flessner et al., 2008) measures the degree
             to which hair pulling in Trichotillomania (TTM) can be
             described as "automatic" (i.e., done without awareness and
             unrelated to affective states) and/or "focused" (i.e., done
             with awareness and to regulate affective states). Despite
             preliminary evidence in support of the psychometric
             properties of the MIST-A, emerging research suggests the
             original factor structure may not optimally capture TTM
             phenomenology. Using data from a treatment-seeking TTM
             sample, the current study examined the factor structure of
             the MIST-A via exploratory factor analysis. The resulting
             two factor solution suggested the MIST-A consists of a
             5-item "awareness of pulling" factor that measures the
             degree to which pulling is done with awareness and an 8-item
             "internal-regulated pulling" factor that measures the degree
             to which pulling is done to regulate internal stimuli (e.g.,
             emotions, cognitions, and urges). Correlational analyses
             provided preliminary evidence for the validity of these
             derived factors. Findings from this study challenge the
             notions of "automatic" and "focused" pulling styles and
             suggest that researchers should continue to explore TTM
             subtypes.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.08.001},
   Key = {fds323534}
}

@article{fds302614,
   Author = {Freeman, J and Sapyta, J and Garcia, A and Compton, S and Khanna, M and Flessner, C and FitzGerald, D and Mauro, C and Dingfelder, R and Benito,
             K and Harrison, J and Curry, J and Foa, E and March, J and Moore, P and Franklin, M},
   Title = {Family-based treatment of early childhood
             obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric
             Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Study for Young
             Children (POTS Jr)--a randomized clinical
             trial.},
   Journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
   Volume = {71},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {689-698},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {2168-622X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.170},
   Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been
             established as efficacious for obsessive-compulsive disorder
             (OCD) among older children and adolescents, yet its effect
             on young children has not been evaluated sufficiently.
             OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative efficacy of family-based
             CBT (FB-CBT) involving exposure plus response prevention vs
             an FB relaxation treatment (FB-RT) control condition for
             children 5 to 8 years of age. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
             PARTICIPANTS: A 14-week randomized clinical trial (Pediatric
             Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Study for Young
             Children [POTS Jr]) conducted at 3 academic medical centers
             between 2006 and 2011, involving 127 pediatric outpatients 5
             to 8 years of age who received a primary diagnosis of OCD
             and a Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total
             score of 16 or higher. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were
             randomly assigned to 14 weeks of (1) FB-CBT, including
             exposure plus response prevention, or (2) FB-RT. MAIN
             OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Responder status defined as an
             independent evaluator-rated Clinical Global
             Impression-Improvement scale score of 1 (very much improved)
             or 2 (much improved) and change in independent
             evaluator-rated continuous Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive
             Compulsive Scale total score. RESULTS Family-based CBT was
             superior to FB-RT on both primary outcome measures. The
             percentages of children who were rated as 1 (very much
             improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global
             Impression-Improvement scale at 14 weeks were 72% for FB-CBT
             and 41% for FB-RT. The effect size difference between FB-CBT
             and FB-RT on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement
             scale was 0.31 (95% CI, 0.17-0.45). The number needed to
             treat (NNT) with FB-CBT vs FB-RT was estimated as 3.2 (95%
             CI, 2.2-5.8). The effect size difference between FB-CBT and
             FB-RT on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive
             Scale at week 14 was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.62-1.06). CONCLUSIONS
             AND RELEVANCE: A comprehensive FB-CBT program was superior
             to a relaxation program with a similar format in reducing
             OCD symptoms and functional impairment in young children
             (5-8 years of age) with OCD. TRIAL REGISTRATION:
             clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00533806.},
   Doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.170},
   Key = {fds302614}
}

@article{fds302631,
   Author = {Drysdale, AT and Hartley, CA and Pattwell, SS and Ruberry, EJ and Somerville, LH and Compton, SN and Lee, FS and Casey, BJ and Walkup,
             JT},
   Title = {Fear and anxiety from principle to practice: implications
             for when to treat youth with anxiety disorders.},
   Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
   Volume = {75},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {e19-e20},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0006-3223},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.015},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.015},
   Key = {fds302631}
}

@article{fds271465,
   Author = {Pine, DS and Walkup, JT and Labellarte, MJ and Riddle, MA and Greenhill,
             L and Klein, R and Davies, M and Sweeney, M and Abikoff, H and Hack, S and al,
             E},
   Title = {Fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in
             children and adolescents. The Research Unit on Pediatric
             Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group.},
   Journal = {N Engl J Med},
   Volume = {344},
   Number = {17},
   Pages = {1279-1285},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0028-4793},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200104263441703},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Drugs that selectively inhibit serotonin
             reuptake are effective treatments for adults with mood and
             anxiety disorders, but limited data are available on the
             safety and efficacy of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in
             children with anxiety disorders. METHODS: We studied 128
             children who were 6 to 17 years of age; who met the criteria
             for social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, or
             generalized anxiety disorder; and who had received
             psychological treatment for three weeks without improvement.
             The children were randomly assigned to receive fluvoxamine
             (at a maximum of 300 mg per day) or placebo for eight weeks
             and were evaluated with rating scales designed to assess the
             degree of anxiety and impairment. RESULTS: Children in the
             fluvoxamine group had a mean (+/-SD) decrease of 9.7+/-6.9
             points in symptoms of anxiety on the Pediatric Anxiety
             Rating Scale (range of possible scores, 0 to 25, with higher
             scores indicating greater anxiety), as compared with a
             decrease of 3.1+/-4.8 points among children in the placebo
             group (P<0.001). On the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement
             scale, 48 of 63 children in the fluvoxamine group (76
             percent) responded to the treatment, as indicated by a score
             of less than 4, as compared with 19 of 65 children in the
             placebo group (29 percent, P<0.001). Five children in the
             fluvoxamine group (8 percent) discontinued treatment because
             of adverse events, as compared with one child in the placebo
             group (2 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Fluvoxamine is an effective
             treatment for children and adolescents with social phobia,
             separation anxiety disorder, or generalized anxiety
             disorder.},
   Doi = {10.1056/NEJM200104263441703},
   Key = {fds271465}
}

@article{fds271481,
   Author = {Franklin, ME and Best, SH and Wilson, MA and Loew, B and Compton,
             SN},
   Title = {Habit Reversal Training and Acceptance and Commitment
             Therapy for Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Project},
   Journal = {Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {49-60},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {1056-263X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10882-010-9221-1},
   Abstract = {Chronic tic disorders (CTDs), including Tourette Syndrome,
             affect approximately 1 in 100 individuals, and pediatric
             onset is the norm. Pharmacotherapy has traditionally been
             the first line of treatment for CTD. However, given that
             partial response to pharmacotherapy is typical and that the
             side effect profile for efficacious medications warrants
             consideration before initiating treatment, there is a clear
             need to develop and disseminate psychosocial treatments to
             enhance outcomes among individuals with CTDs. The current
             report describes findings from a pilot project designed to:
             (a) train two sites in behavior therapy involving Habit
             Reversal Training (HRT) for CTDs; (b) pilot test the HRT
             protocol in adolescents and young adults with CTDs; (c)
             develop and refine a combined Habit Reversal Training plus
             Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (HRT+ACT) protocol for
             CTDs; and (d) pilot test the combined protocol in
             adolescents and young adults with CTDs. Results indicated
             that, on average, both the HRT alone and the HRT+ACT groups
             experienced substantial, clinically relevant, durable, and
             comparable reductions in tic symptoms through the 1 month
             follow-up, as well as improvements in participant and
             parent-rated global functioning over this same period. ©
             2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10882-010-9221-1},
   Key = {fds271481}
}

@article{fds364013,
   Author = {Webb, SJ and Emerman, I and Sugar, C and Senturk, D and Naples, AJ and Faja, S and Benton, J and Borland, H and Carlos, C and Levin, AR and McAllister, T and Santhosh, M and Bernier, RA and Chawarska, K and Dawson, G and Dziura, J and Jeste, S and Kleinhans, N and Murias, M and Sabatos-DeVito, M and Shic, F and McPartland, JC and Autism
             Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials},
   Title = {Identifying Age Based Maturation in the ERP Response to
             Faces in Children With Autism: Implications for Developing
             Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Trials.},
   Journal = {Front Psychiatry},
   Volume = {13},
   Pages = {841236},
   Year = {2022},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841236},
   Abstract = {Recent proposals have suggested the potential for neural
             biomarkers to improve clinical trial processes in
             neurodevelopmental conditions; however, few efforts have
             identified whether chronological age-based adjustments will
             be necessary (as used in standardized behavioral
             assessments). Event-related potentials (ERPs) demonstrate
             early differences in the processing of faces vs. objects in
             the visual processing system by 4 years of age and age-based
             improvement (decreases in latency) through adolescence.
             Additionally, face processing has been proposed to be
             related to social skills as well as autistic
             social-communication traits. While previous reports suggest
             delayed latency in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
             (ASD), extensive individual and age based heterogeneity
             exists. In this report, we utilize a sample of 252 children
             with ASD and 118 children with typical development (TD), to
             assess the N170 and P100 ERP component latencies (N170L and
             P100L, respectively), to upright faces, the face specificity
             effect (difference between face and object processing), and
             the inversion effect (difference between face upright and
             inverted processing) in relation to age. First, linear mixed
             models (LMMs) were fitted with fixed effect of age at
             testing and random effect of participant, using all
             available data points to characterize general age-based
             development in the TD and ASD groups. Second, LMM models
             using only the TD group were used to calculate age-based
             residuals in both groups. The purpose of residualization was
             to assess how much variation in ASD participants could be
             accounted for by chronological age-related changes. Our data
             demonstrate that the N170L and P100L responses to upright
             faces appeared to follow a roughly linear relationship with
             age. In the ASD group, the distribution of the age-adjusted
             residual values suggest that ASD participants were more
             likely to demonstrate slower latencies than would be
             expected for a TD child of the same age, similar to what has
             been identified using unadjusted values. Lastly, using
             age-adjusted values for stratification, we found that
             children who demonstrated slowed age-adjusted N170L had
             lower verbal and non-verbal IQ and worse face memory. These
             data suggest that age must be considered in assessing the
             N170L and P100L response to upright faces as well, and these
             adjusted values may be used to stratify children within the
             autism spectrum.},
   Doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841236},
   Key = {fds364013}
}

@article{fds355575,
   Author = {Crane, ME and Norris, LA and Frank, HE and Klugman, J and Ginsburg, GS and Keeton, C and Albano, AM and Piacentini, J and Peris, TS and Compton,
             SN and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Impact of treatment improvement on long-term anxiety:
             Results from CAMS and CAMELS.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {89},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {126-133},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000523},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article examined associations between change
             in youth and family characteristics during youth anxiety
             treatment and long-term anxiety severity and overall
             functioning. METHOD: Participants (N = 488; age 7-17 years;
             45% male; 82% white) were randomized to 12 weeks of
             cognitive behavioral therapy (Coping Cat), medication
             (sertraline), their combination, or pill placebo in the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS). A subset
             participated in the naturalistic follow-up Child/Adolescent
             Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS; n =
             319; 3.70-11.83 years post-treatment). The current secondary
             analyses examined how change in anxiety severity (Child
             Global Impression-Severity), overall functioning (Children's
             Global Assessment Scale), caregiver psychopathology (Brief
             Symptom Inventory), caregiver strain (Family Burden
             Assessment Scale), and family dysfunction (Brief Family
             Assessment Measure) during CAMS was associated with anxiety
             severity and overall functioning years later (M = 7.72
             years). CAMS procedures were registered on
             clinialtrials.gov. RESULTS: Improvements in factors related
             to functioning (i.e., overall functioning, family
             dysfunction, caregiver strain) were associated with
             improvements in anxiety severity in CAMELS (|βys| ≥ .04,
             ps ≤ .04). Improvements in factors related to
             psychopathology (i.e., anxiety severity, caregiver
             psychopathology) were associated with improvements in
             overall functioning in CAMELS (|βys| ≥ .23, ps ≤ .04).
             It was changes in each of the variables examined (rather
             than baseline values) that predicted anxiety severity and
             overall functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Both youth and family
             factors play a significant role in long-term treatment
             outcomes. Therapists would be wise to monitor how these
             factors change throughout treatment. (PsycInfo Database
             Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).},
   Doi = {10.1037/ccp0000523},
   Key = {fds355575}
}

@article{fds349945,
   Author = {Chiappini, EA and Gosch, E and Compton, SN and Olino, TM and Birmaher,
             B and Sakolsky, D and Peris, TS and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Keeton, CP and Walkup, JT and Ginsburg, G and Kendall,
             PC},
   Title = {In-Session Involvement in Anxious Youth Receiving CBT
             with/without Medication},
   Journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
             Assessment},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {615-626},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09810-x},
   Abstract = {Although in-session factors of CBT for youth anxiety (e.g.,
             youth involvement; therapist behaviors) have demonstrated
             significant associations with treatment outcomes, no study
             has examined the role of concurrent selective-serotonin
             reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) on in-session behavior affecting
             youth outcomes. The combination of SSRI and CBT have
             demonstrated robust outcomes over either treatment alone.
             Research has also neglected to examine in-session behavior
             based on treatment phase (i.e., psychoeducation, exposure)
             and the association between in-session factors and treatment
             outcome. Youth (N = 190) were participants in the
             Children/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (Walkup et al.
             New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753-2766, 2008) who
             completed CBT; of these, n = 94 received concurrent
             sertraline. Tapes of psychoeducation/skill-building (first
             half) and exposure sessions (second half) were rated by
             reliable coders for positive youth involvement (e.g.,
             participation, understanding), negative youth involvement
             (e.g., safety-behaviors, negative affect), and therapist
             behaviors. Youth and therapist in-session behaviors were
             examined as predictors of the trajectory of anxiety outcomes
             using multilevel modeling. Medication (sertraline) was
             examined as a moderator. Results indicated that positive and
             negative youth involvement in CBT was significantly
             associated with outcomes. Positive youth involvement during
             psychoeducation and exposure sessions predicted better
             outcomes, and negative youth involvement during
             psychoeducation sessions predicted less favorable outcomes.
             Sertraline did not moderate these findings. Therapist
             behaviors were not significantly associated with outcomes,
             likely due to limited variability and low frequency of
             observed behaviors. Youth in-sessions behaviors are
             associated with treatment outcomes in anxiety treatment.
             However, medication does not appear to have a differential
             impact on youth in-session behaviors.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10862-020-09810-x},
   Key = {fds349945}
}

@article{fds339604,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Gaynes, BN and Compton, SN and Dusetzina, SB and Brookhart, MA and Stürmer, T},
   Title = {Incidence of mental health hospitalizations, treated
             self-harm, and emergency room visits following new anxiety
             disorder diagnoses in privately insured U.S.
             children.},
   Journal = {Depress Anxiety},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {179-189},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22849},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are one of the most common
             mental illnesses in children and associated with high
             healthcare utilization. We aimed to estimate 2-year
             cumulative incidence of mental health-related
             hospitalizations, treated self-harm, and emergency room (ER)
             visits in children newly diagnosed with anxiety disorders
             and, for context, in children without anxiety disorders.
             METHODS: We identified commercially insured treatment naïve
             children (3-17 years) with a new office-based anxiety
             disorder diagnosis (ICD-9-CM) from 2005-2014 in the
             MarketScan claims database. We followed children for up to 2
             years after diagnosis for the first of each event: mental
             health-related hospitalization, inpatient, treated
             self-harm, and ER visits (any, anxiety-related,
             injury-related). Children without anxiety diagnoses were
             included as comparators, matched on age, sex, date, and
             region. We estimated cumulative incidence of each event
             using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: From 2005-2014, we
             identified 198,450 children with a new anxiety diagnosis.
             One-year after anxiety diagnosis, 2.0% of children had a
             mental health-related hospitalization, 0.08% inpatient,
             treated self-harm, 1.4% anxiety-related ER visit, and 20%
             any ER visit; incidence was highest in older children with
             baseline comorbid depression. One-year cumulative incidence
             of each event was lower in the comparison cohort without
             anxiety (e.g., mental health-related hospitalizations = 0.5%,
             treated self-harm = 0.01%, and ER visits = 13%).
             CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of anxiety disorders,
             2-year incidence estimates translate to a significant number
             of children experiencing each event. Our findings offer
             caregivers, providers, and patients information to better
             understand the burden of anxiety disorders and can help
             anticipate healthcare utilization and inform efforts to
             prevent these serious events.},
   Doi = {10.1002/da.22849},
   Key = {fds339604}
}

@article{fds344883,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Gaynes, BN and Compton, SN and Dusetzina, SB and Olfson, M and Stürmer, T},
   Title = {Incident Substance Use Disorder Following Anxiety Disorder
             in Privately Insured Youth.},
   Journal = {J Adolesc Health},
   Volume = {65},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {536-542},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.007},
   Abstract = {PURPOSE: Anxiety disorders in childhood might be associated
             with an increased risk of substance use disorders. Incident
             substance use-related diagnoses were quantified in the 2
             years after youth were newly diagnosed with an anxiety
             disorder and in a similar cohort of youth without diagnosed
             anxiety. METHODS: Privately insured youth (10-17 years)
             were identified in a commercial claims database who were
             newly diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (2005-2014),
             treatment naïve, and without baseline substance-related
             disorder diagnoses. The comparison cohort included age, sex,
             region, and date matched youth with equivalent baseline
             exclusions. We used Kaplan-Meier estimator to calculate
             2-year cumulative incidence of substance use disorder
             diagnosis following a new office-based anxiety disorder
             diagnosis (or match date for comparison cohort). RESULTS: In
             131,271 youth with a new anxiety disorder diagnosis (male =
             41%, median age = 14 years), 1.5% (95% confidence
             interval = 1.5-1.6) had an incident substance use disorder
             diagnosis 1 year after their anxiety diagnosis, 2.9% (95%
             confidence interval = 2.8-3.0) by 2 years. Over the same
             period, .5% and 1.1% of the comparison cohort had incident
             substance use disorder diagnoses (n = 1,321,701). In the
             anxiety cohort, 2-year incidence was higher in youth aged
             14-17 years (4.6%) versus 10-13 years (.7%). Incidence of
             substance use diagnosis varied by anxiety disorder (e.g.,
             2-year incidence: 4.3% for post-traumatic stress disorder,
             3.0% for generalized anxiety disorder). CONCLUSION:
             Approximately 3% of youth newly diagnosed with anxiety
             received an incident substance use disorder diagnosis within
             2 years, almost threefold the incidence in youth without an
             anxiety diagnosis, emphasizing the need for increased
             awareness and prevention of substance-related disorders in
             pediatric anxiety.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.007},
   Key = {fds344883}
}

@article{fds327205,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Dusetzina, SB and Gaynes, BN and Compton, SN and White,
             AD and Stuermer, T},
   Title = {Initial Prescription Medication for Children with Anxiety:
             Concordance with Evidence},
   Journal = {PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY},
   Volume = {24},
   Pages = {283-284},
   Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {September},
   Key = {fds327205}
}

@article{fds359116,
   Author = {Hollmann, K and Allgaier, K and Hohnecker, CS and Lautenbacher, H and Bizu, V and Nickola, M and Wewetzer, G and Wewetzer, C and Ivarsson, T and Skokauskas, N and Wolters, LH and Skarphedinsson, G and Weidle, B and de
             Haan, E and Torp, NC and Compton, SN and Calvo, R and Lera-Miguel, S and Haigis, A and Renner, TJ and Conzelmann, A},
   Title = {Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in children and
             adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a
             feasibility study.},
   Journal = {J Neural Transm (Vienna)},
   Volume = {128},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1445-1459},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02409-w},
   Abstract = {Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first choice of
             treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children
             and adolescents. However, there is often a lack of access to
             appropriate treatment close to the home of the patients. An
             internet-based CBT via videoconferencing could facilitate
             access to state-of-the-art treatment even in remote areas.
             The aim of this study was to investigate feasibility and
             acceptability of this telemedical approach. A total of nine
             children received 14 sessions of CBT. The first session took
             place face-to-face, the remaining 13 sessions via
             videoconference. OCD symptoms were recorded with a
             smartphone app and therapy materials were made accessible in
             a data cloud. We assessed diagnostic data before and after
             treatment and obtained measures to feasibility, treatment
             satisfaction and acceptability. Outcomes showed high
             acceptance and satisfaction on the part of patients with
             online treatment (89%) and that face-to-face therapy was not
             preferred over an internet-based approach (67%). The
             majority of patients and their parents classified the
             quality of treatment as high. They emphasized the usefulness
             of exposures with response prevention (E/RP) in triggering
             situations at home. The app itself was rated as easy to
             operate and useful. In addition to feasibility, a
             significant decrease in obsessive-compulsive symptoms was
             also achieved. Internet-based CBT for pediatric OCD is
             feasible and well received by the patients and their
             parents. Furthermore, obsessive-compulsive symptomatology
             decreased in all patients. The results of this study are
             encouraging and suggest the significance of further research
             regarding this technology-supported approach, with a
             specific focus on efficacy.Trial registration number:
             Clinical trials AZ53-5400.1-004/44.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s00702-021-02409-w},
   Key = {fds359116}
}

@article{fds362406,
   Author = {Conzelmann, A and Hollmann, K and Haigis, A and Lautenbacher, H and Bizu, V and App, R and Nickola, M and Wewetzer, G and Wewetzer, C and Ivarsson, T and Skokauskas, N and Wolters, LH and Skarphedinsson, G and Weidle, B and de Haan, E and Torp, NC and Compton, SN and Calvo, R and Lera-Miguel, S and Alt, A and Hohnecker, CS and Allgaier, K and Renner,
             TJ},
   Title = {Internet-based psychotherapy in children with
             obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): protocol of a
             randomized controlled trial.},
   Journal = {Trials},
   Volume = {23},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {164},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06062-w},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children
             can lead to a huge burden on the concerned patients and
             their family members. While successful state-of-the art
             cognitive behavioral interventions exist, there is still a
             lack of available experts for treatment at home, where most
             symptoms manifest. Internet-based cognitive behavioral
             therapy (iCBT) could overcome these restrictions; however,
             studies about iCBT in children with OCD are rare and mostly
             target computerized self-help resources and only email
             contact with the therapist. Therefore, we intended to build
             up and to evaluate an iCBT approach for children with OCD,
             replacing successful elements of traditional in-office
             face-to-face CBT, with face-to-face teleconferences, online
             materials, and apps. METHODS: With the help of a pilot
             feasibility study, we developed the iCBT consisting of 14
             teleconference sessions with the child and parents. The
             sessions are supported by an app assessing daily and weekly
             symptoms and treatment course completed by children and
             parents. Additionally, we obtain heart rate and activity
             scores from the child via wristbands during several days and
             exposure sessions. Using a waiting list randomized control
             trial design, we aim to treat and analyze 20 children with
             OCD immediately after a diagnostic session whereas the
             control group of another set of 20 OCD patients will be
             treated after waiting period of 16 weeks. We will recruit
             30 patients in each group to take account for potential
             dropouts. Outcomes for the treatment group are evaluated
             before randomization (baseline, t0), 16 weeks (end of
             treatment, t1), 32 weeks (follow-up 1, t2), and 48 weeks
             after randomization (follow-up 2, t3). For the waiting list
             group, outcomes are measured before the first randomization
             (baseline), at 16 weeks (waiting list period), 32 weeks
             (end of treatment), 48 weeks after the first randomization
             (follow-up I), and 64 weeks after the first randomization
             (follow-up II). DISCUSSION: Based on our experience of
             feasibility during the pilot study, we were able to develop
             the iCBT approach and the current study will investigate
             treatment effectiveness. Building up an iCBT approach,
             resembling traditional in-office face-to-face therapy, may
             ensure the achievement of well-known therapy effect factors,
             the acceptance in both patients and clinicians, and the wide
             distribution within the health system. TRIAL REGISTRATION:
             ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05037344 . Registered May 2019, last
             release August 13th, 2021.},
   Doi = {10.1186/s13063-022-06062-w},
   Key = {fds362406}
}

@article{fds271499,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Swanson, JW and Wagner, HR and Swartz, MS and Burns, BJ and Elbogen, EB},
   Title = {Involuntary outpatient commitment and homelessness in
             persons with severe mental illness.},
   Journal = {Ment Health Serv Res},
   Volume = {5},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {27-38},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {1522-3434},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12602644},
   Abstract = {This study took preliminary steps to explore the
             relationship between involuntary outpatient commitment (OPC)
             and the risk of homelessness among individuals with severe
             mental disorders. Involuntarily hospitalized patients were
             randomly assigned to be released or maintained under OPC
             following hospital discharge. Multivariate analyses
             demonstrated that involuntary OPC was associated with a
             significant decrease in the risk of homelessness during the
             first 4 months following hospital discharge for participants
             with severe functional impairment at baseline. OPC did not
             appear to affect risk of homelessness among participants
             with mild-to-moderate functional impairment. Co-occurring
             substance abuse, treatment nonadherence, and outpatient
             services intensity were found to be strongly associated with
             episodes of homelessness. This study suggests that
             involuntary OPC may provide a short-term reduction in the
             risk of homelessness among a subgroup of treatment-reluctant
             individuals with severe mental disorders combined with
             severe functional impairment.},
   Doi = {10.1023/a:1021755408267},
   Key = {fds271499}
}

@article{fds376089,
   Author = {Barber, KE and Woods, DW and Ely, LJ and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Neal-Barnett, A and Franklin, ME and Capriotti, MR and Conelea, CA and Twohig, MP},
   Title = {Long-term follow-up of acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy
             for trichotillomania.},
   Journal = {Psychiatry Res},
   Volume = {333},
   Pages = {115767},
   Year = {2024},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115767},
   Abstract = {Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania
             (AEBT-TTM) is effective in reducing trichotillomania (TTM)
             symptoms, but the durability of treatment effects remains in
             question. This study analyzed 6-month follow-up data from a
             large randomized clinical trial comparing AEBT-TTM to an
             active psychoeducation and supportive therapy control (PST).
             Adults with TTM (N=85; 92% women) received 10 sessions of
             AEBT-TTM or PST across 12 weeks. Independent evaluators
             assessed participants at baseline, post-treatment, and 6
             months follow-up. For both AEBT-TTM and PST, self-reported
             and evaluator-rated TTM symptom severity decreased from
             baseline to follow-up. TTM symptoms did not worsen from
             post-treatment to follow-up. At follow-up, AEBT-TTM and PST
             did not differ in rates of treatment response, TTM
             diagnosis, or symptom severity. High baseline TTM symptom
             severity was a stronger predictor of high follow-up severity
             for PST than for AEBT-TTM, suggesting AEBT-TTM may be a
             better option for more severe TTM. Results support the
             efficacy of AEBT-TTM and show that treatment gains were
             maintained over time. Although AEBT-TTM yielded lower
             symptoms at post-treatment, 6-month follow-up outcomes
             suggest AEBT-TTM and PST may lead to similar symptom levels
             in the longer term. Future research should examine
             mechanisms that contribute to long-term gain
             maintenance.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115767},
   Key = {fds376089}
}

@article{fds355634,
   Author = {Peris, TS and Sugar, CA and Rozenman, MS and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Compton, S and Sakolsky, D and Ginsburg, G and Keeton, C and Kendall,
             PC and McCracken, JT and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Long-term Service Use Among Youths Previously Treated for
             Anxiety Disorder.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {501-512},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.911},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: (1) To describe rates of long-term service use
             among subjects previously enrolled in a landmark study of
             youth anxiety disorder treatment and followed into early
             adulthood; (2) to examine predictors of long-term service
             use; and (3) to examine the relationship between anxiety
             diagnosis and service use over time. METHOD: The
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study
             prospectively assessed youths treated through the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study at ages 7-17 years
             into early adulthood. A total of 319 youths (mean age 17.7,
             55.2% female) previously randomized to cognitive-behavioral
             therapy, sertraline, combination, or placebo for the
             treatment of anxiety participated; 318 had service use data.
             Four annual clinic assessments were conducted along with
             telephone check-ins every 6 months. RESULTS: Overall, 65.1%
             of participants endorsed receiving some form of anxiety
             treatment over the course of the follow-up period, with more
             subjects reporting medication use than psychotherapy; 35.2%
             reported consistent use of services over the course of the
             study. Overall, service use declined over time in subjects
             with less severe anxiety but remained more steady in those
             with recurrent/chronic symptoms. Levels of life stress and
             depressive symptoms were associated with amount of service
             use over time whereas treatment-related variables (type of
             initial intervention, acute response, remission) were not. A
             subset of youths remained chronically anxious despite
             consistent service use. CONCLUSION: These findings point to
             the need to develop models of care that approach anxiety
             disorders as chronic health conditions in need of active
             long-term management.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.911},
   Key = {fds355634}
}

@article{fds346442,
   Author = {Bai, S and Ricketts, EJ and Thamrin, H and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Compton, SN and Ginsburg, GS and Sakolsky, D and Keeton, CP and Kendall,
             PC and Peris, TS},
   Title = {Longitudinal Study of Sleep and Internalizing Problems in
             Youth Treated for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders.},
   Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {67-77},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00582-x},
   Abstract = {The current study examined prospective bidirectional links
             between dysregulated sleep, and anxiety and depression
             severity across 4 years, among youth with a history of
             anxiety disorder. Participants were 319 youth (age
             11-26 years), who previously participated in a large
             multisite randomized controlled trial for the treatment of
             pediatric anxiety disorders, Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study (CAMS), and subsequently enrolled in a
             naturalistic follow-up, Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS), an average of 6.5 years
             later. They participated in four annual visits that included
             self-report items of dysregulated sleep and semi-structured
             multi-informant interviews of anxiety and depression.
             Dysregulated sleep was bidirectionally associated with
             clinician-rated anxiety and depression symptom severity
             across adolescence and young adulthood. However, these
             bidirectional relationships were attributable to youth mean
             levels of dysregulated sleep, and anxiety and depression
             severity over the 4 years. Elevations in dysregulated sleep
             at each visit, relative to mean levels, did not predict
             worse anxiety or depression severity 1 year later. Likewise
             visit-specific elevations in anxiety and depression
             severity, as opposed to average levels, did not predict
             higher levels of dysregulated sleep at the next visit.
             Having higher levels of dysregulated sleep or more severe
             internalizing problems across the four-year period, as
             opposed to reporting a relative increase in symptom severity
             at a particular visit, posed greater risk for poor mental
             health. Interventions should continue to assess and treat
             persistent sleep problems alongside anxiety and
             depression.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10802-019-00582-x},
   Key = {fds346442}
}

@article{fds302625,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and Compton, SN and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Franklin, ME and Neal-Barnett, AM and Ely, L and Capriotti, MR and Woods, DW},
   Title = {Measuring the role of psychological inflexibility in
             Trichotillomania.},
   Journal = {Psychiatry Res},
   Volume = {220},
   Number = {1-2},
   Pages = {356-361},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0165-1781},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.003},
   Abstract = {Psychological Inflexibility (PI) is a construct that has
             gained recent attention as a critical theoretical component
             of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). PI is typically
             measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II
             (AAQ-II). However, the AAQ-II has shown questionable
             reliability in clinical populations with specific diagnoses,
             leading to the creation of content-specific versions of the
             AAQ-II that show stronger psychometric properties in their
             target populations. A growing body of the literature
             suggests that PI processes may contribute to hair pulling,
             and the current study sought to examine the psychometric
             properties and utility of a Trichotillomania-specific
             version of the AAQ-II, the AAQ-TTM. A referred sample of 90
             individuals completed a battery of assessments as part of a
             randomized clinical trial of Acceptance-Enhanced Behavior
             Therapy for Trichotillomania. Results showed that the
             AAQ-TTM has two intercorrelated factors, adequate
             reliability, concurrent validity, and incremental validity
             over the AAQ-II. Furthermore, mediational analysis between
             emotional variables and hair pulling outcomes provides
             support for using the AAQ-TTM to measure the therapeutic
             process. Implications for the use of this measure will be
             discussed, including the need to further investigate the
             role of PI processes in Trichotillomania.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.003},
   Key = {fds302625}
}

@article{fds323539,
   Author = {Kendall, PC and Cummings, CM and Villabø, MA and Narayanan, MK and Treadwell, K and Birmaher, B and Compton, S and Piacentini, J and Sherrill, J and Walkup, J and Gosch, E and Keeton, C and Ginsburg, G and Suveg, C and Albano, AM},
   Title = {Mediators of change in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Treatment Study.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {84},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {1-14},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039773},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Test changes in (a) coping efficacy and (b)
             anxious self-talk as potential mediators of treatment gains
             at 3-month follow-up in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Treatment Study (CAMS). METHOD: Participants were
             488 youth (ages 7-17; 50.4% male) randomized to
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; Coping cat program),
             pharmacotherapy (sertraline), their combination, or pill
             placebo. Participants met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
             for Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for
             generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and/or
             separation anxiety disorder. Coping efficacy (reported
             ability to manage anxiety provoking situations) was measured
             by youth and parent reports on the Coping Questionnaire, and
             anxious self-talk was measured by youth report on the
             Negative Affectivity Self-Statement Questionnaire. Outcome
             was measured using the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale
             (completed by Independent Evaluators blind to condition).
             For temporal precedence, residualized treatment gains were
             assessed at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Residualized gains
             in coping efficacy mediated gains in the CBT, sertraline,
             and combination conditions. In the combination condition,
             some unique effect of treatment remained. Treatment
             assignment was not associated with a reduction in anxious
             self-talk, nor did anxious self-talk predict changes in
             anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that
             improvements in coping efficacy are a mediator of treatment
             gains. Anxious self-talk did not emerge as a
             mediator.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0039773},
   Key = {fds323539}
}

@article{fds327202,
   Author = {Hale, AE and Ginsburg, GS and Chan, G and Kendall, PC and McCracken, JT and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Compton, SN and Albano, AM and Walkup,
             JT},
   Title = {Mediators of Treatment Outcomes for Anxious Children and
             Adolescents: The Role of Somatic Symptoms.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {94-104},
   Year = {2018},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1280804},
   Abstract = {Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin
             reuptake inhibitors are effective treatments for pediatric
             anxiety disorders. However, the mechanisms of these
             treatments are unknown. Previous research indicated that
             somatic symptoms are reduced following treatment, but it is
             unclear if their reductions are merely a consequence of
             treatment gains. This study examined reductions in somatic
             symptoms as a potential mediator of the relationship between
             treatment and anxiety outcomes. Participants were 488
             anxious youth ages 7-17 (M = 10.7), 50.4% male, 78.9%
             Caucasian, enrolled in Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study, a large randomized control trial comparing 12-week
             treatments of CBT, sertraline, a combination of CBT and
             sertraline, and a pill placebo. Causal mediation models were
             tested in R using data from baseline, 8-, and 12-week
             evaluations. Somatic symptoms were assessed using the
             Panic/Somatic subscale from the Screen for Child Anxiety
             Related Emotional Disorders. Youth outcomes were assessed
             using the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale and Children's
             Global Assessment Scale. Reductions in somatic symptoms
             mediated improvement in anxiety symptoms and global
             functioning for those in the sertraline-only condition based
             on parent report. Conditions involving CBT and data based on
             child reported somatic symptoms did not show a mediation
             effect. Findings indicate that reductions in somatic
             symptoms may be a mediator of improvements for treatments
             including pharmacotherapy and not CBT. Although the overall
             efficacy of sertraline and CBT for anxiety may be similar,
             the treatments appear to function via different
             mechanisms.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2017.1280804},
   Key = {fds327202}
}

@article{fds366293,
   Author = {Makover, HB and Kendall, PC and Olino, T and Carper, MM and Albano, AM and Piacentini, J and Peris, T and Langley, AK and Gonzalez, A and Ginsburg,
             GS and Compton, S and Birmaher, B and Sakolsky, D and Keeton, C and Walkup,
             J},
   Title = {Mediators of youth anxiety outcomes 3 to 12 years after
             treatment.},
   Journal = {J Anxiety Disord},
   Volume = {70},
   Pages = {102188},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102188},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Test changes in perceived coping efficacy,
             negative self-statements, and interpretive biases to threat
             during treatment as potential mediators of the relationship
             between randomly assigned treatment conditions and long-term
             anxiety follow-ups. Age at randomization was also tested as
             a moderator of mediational relationships. METHOD:
             Participants included 319 youth (ages 7-17) from the
             Child/Adolescent Multimodal Study (CAMS) who participated in
             a naturalistic follow-up beginning an average of 6.5 years
             after the end of the CAMS intervention. The intervention
             conditions included cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT;
             Coping Cat), pharmacotherapy (sertraline), combined CBT and
             sertraline, and pill placebo. Putative mediators were
             measured four times during the intervention phase. Follow-up
             consisted of four annual assessments of current anxiety.
             RESULTS: Reductions on a measure of interpretive bias to
             threat over the course of the combined condition
             intervention, as compared to the placebo condition, mediated
             anxiety outcomes at the first follow-up visit. This mediated
             effect was not significant for the CBT-only or
             sertraline-only conditions when compared to the placebo
             condition. No other significant mediated effects were found
             for putative mediators. Age did not significantly moderate
             any mediated effects. CONCLUSION: Changes in youth-reported
             interpretive biases to threat over the course of combined
             youth anxiety interventions, as compared to a placebo
             intervention, may be associated with lower anxiety an
             average of 6.5 years following treatment.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102188},
   Key = {fds366293}
}

@article{fds345468,
   Author = {Keeton, CP and Caporino, NE and Kendall, PC and Iyengar, S and Lee, P and Peris, T and Sakolsky, D and Piacentini, J and Compton, SN and Albano,
             AM and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, GS},
   Title = {Mood and suicidality outcomes 3-11 years following pediatric
             anxiety disorder treatment.},
   Journal = {Depress Anxiety},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {930-940},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22944},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Youth anxiety interventions have potential to
             reduce risk for depression and suicidality. METHODS: This
             naturalistic follow-up of the multi-site, comparative
             treatment trial, inking and behavior, and depressive
             symptoms 3-11 years (mean 6.25 years) following 12-week
             evidence-based youth anxiety treatment. Participants
             (N = 319; 10-26 years, mean 17 years) completed
             semiannual questionnaires and annual diagnostic interviews
             for 4 years. RESULTS: One-fifth (20.4%) of the sample met
             DSM-IV criteria for a mood disorder, 32.1% endorsed suicidal
             ideation, and 8.2% reported suicidal behavior. Latent class
             growth analysis yielded two linear trajectories of
             depressive symptoms, and 85% of the sample demonstrated a
             persistent low-symptom course over seven assessments.
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) 12-week
             treatment outcome (positive response, remission) and
             treatment condition (cognitive behavior therapy [CBT],
             medication, CBT + medication, pill placebo) were not
             associated with subsequent mood disorder or suicidal
             thinking. CAMS remission predicted absence of suicidal
             behavior, and treatment response and remission predicted low
             depressive symptom trajectory. Greater baseline
             self-reported depressive symptoms predicted all long-term
             mood outcomes, and more negative life events predicted
             subsequent mood disorder, depressive symptom trajectory, and
             suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Effective early treatment of
             youth anxiety, including CBT, medication, or
             CBT + medication, reduces risk for subsequent chronic
             depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Attention to
             (sub)clinical depressive symptoms and management of negative
             life events may reduce odds of developing a mood disorder,
             chronic depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Findings
             contribute to evidence that early intervention for a primary
             disorder can serve as secondary prevention.},
   Doi = {10.1002/da.22944},
   Key = {fds345468}
}

@article{fds343763,
   Author = {Norris, LA and Rifkin, LS and Olino, TM and Piacentini, J and Albano,
             AM and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, G and Walkup, J and Compton, SN and Gosch,
             E and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Multi-informant Expectancies and Treatment Outcomes for
             Anxiety in Youth.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {50},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1002-1010},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00900-w},
   Abstract = {Expectancies for a favorable treatment outcome have been
             associated with actual favorable outcomes but have been
             understudied in youth with anxiety. The current study
             applied structural equation modeling in a sample of anxious
             youth (N = 488; 7-17 years, M = 10.69,
             SD = 2.80) to examine whether a multi-informant latent
             expectancies factor, indicated by youth, parent, and
             therapist reports, predicted a latent posttreatment anxiety
             factor, controlling for a latent pretreatment anxiety
             factor. Both anxiety latent factors were indicated by youth,
             parent, and independent evaluator (IE) reports. Analyses
             also examined whether treatment condition (cognitive
             behavioral therapy, sertraline, combination, pill placebo)
             moderated the association between expectancies and outcome,
             and whether this association differed across development.
             Findings indicated that informant reports loaded similarly
             onto the latent factors. Results also demonstrated that
             treatment expectancies were positively associated with
             outcomes, and that this relationship held across treatment
             type and age group. Treatment implications and future
             research directions are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-019-00900-w},
   Key = {fds343763}
}

@article{fds302630,
   Author = {Ginsburg, GS and Becker, EM and Keeton, CP and Sakolsky, D and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Compton, SN and Iyengar, S and Sullivan, K and Caporino, N and Peris, T and Birmaher, B and Rynn, M and March, J and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Naturalistic follow-up of youths treated for pediatric
             anxiety disorders.},
   Journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
   Volume = {71},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {310-318},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {2168-622X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4186},
   Abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Pediatric anxiety disorders are highly prevalent
             and impairing and are considered gateway disorders in that
             they predict adult psychiatric problems. Although they can
             be effectively treated in the short term, data are limited
             on the long-term outcomes in treated children and
             adolescents, particularly those treated with medication.
             OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acute clinical improvement
             and treatment type (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy,
             medication, or their combination) predicted remission of
             anxiety and improvement in global functioning at a mean of 6
             years after randomization and to examine predictors of
             outcomes at follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
             This naturalistic follow-up study, as part of the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study
             (CAMELS), was conducted at 6 academic sites in the United
             States and included 288 youths (age range, 11-26 years;
             mean age, 17 years). Youths were randomized to 1 of 4
             interventions (cognitive behavioral therapy, medication,
             combination, or pill placebo) in the Child/Adolescent
             Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) and were evaluated a mean of
             6 years after randomization. Participants in this study
             constituted 59.0% of the original CAMS sample. EXPOSURES:
             Participants were assessed by independent evaluators using a
             semistructured diagnostic interview to determine the
             presence of anxiety disorders, the severity of anxiety, and
             global functioning. Participants and their parents completed
             questionnaires about mental health symptoms, family
             functioning, life events, and mental health service use.
             MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Remission, defined as the
             absence of all study entry anxiety disorders. RESULTS Almost
             half of the sample (46.5%) were in remission a mean of 6
             years after randomization. Responders to acute treatment
             were significantly more likely to be in remission (odds
             ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.08-3.09) and had less severe
             anxiety symptoms and higher functioning; the assigned
             treatment arm was unrelated to outcomes. Several predictors
             of remission and functioning were identified. CONCLUSIONS
             AND RELEVANCE: Youths rated as responders during the acute
             treatment phase of CAMS were more likely to be in remission
             a mean of 6 years after randomization, although the effect
             size was small. Relapse occurred in almost half (48%) of
             acute responders, suggesting the need for more intensive or
             continued treatment for a sizable proportion of youths with
             anxiety disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov
             Identifier: NCT00052078.},
   Doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4186},
   Key = {fds302630}
}

@article{fds352830,
   Author = {Casline, EP and Ginsburg, GS and Piacentini, J and Compton, S and Kendall, P},
   Title = {Negative Life Events as Predictors of Anxiety Outcomes: An
             Examination of Event Type.},
   Journal = {Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol},
   Volume = {49},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {91-102},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00711-x},
   Abstract = {Long-term follow-up studies of anxiety treatment have found
             that greater exposure to negative life events (NLEs)
             predicts poorer anxiety outcomes, but none have examined
             whether specific types of NLEs are differentially associated
             with child outcomes. This study examined the frequency of
             NLEs and whether specific types of NLEs were associated with
             increased risk of having an anxiety disorder 6.5 years
             post randomization. Participants were 319 adolescents and
             adults, ages 11 to 26 (M = 17), enrolled in
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study.
             At their first follow-up visit, participants completed a
             diagnostic interview and a 40-item Life Events Scale that
             reflected whether specific events occurred since their last
             post treatment assessment. Life events were categorized into
             domains (i.e., family, academic, health, and social) via
             researcher consensus. Participants reported having
             experienced an average of four NLEs. Participants with an
             anxiety disorder at follow-up were significantly more likely
             to have failed a grade in school (OR = 5.9) and
             experienced a negative change in acceptance by peers
             (OR = 4.9; ps < 0.001). After controlling for
             gender, age, race, and SES, a greater number of NLEs in the
             academic domain increased the odds of having an anxiety
             disorder at follow-up (OR = 2.4, p < 0.001). No
             other domains were predictive of disorder status at
             follow-up. Findings highlight the value of examining
             specific NLEs in relation to the long-term child anxiety
             outcomes.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10802-020-00711-x},
   Key = {fds352830}
}

@article{fds330044,
   Author = {Højgaard, DRMA and Hybel, KA and Ivarsson, T and Skarphedinsson, G and Becker Nissen and J and Weidle, B and Melin, K and Torp, NC and Valderhaug,
             R and Dahl, K and Mortensen, EL and Compton, S and Jensen, S and Lenhard,
             F and Thomsen, PH},
   Title = {One-Year Outcome for Responders of Cognitive-Behavioral
             Therapy for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive
             Disorder.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {11},
   Pages = {940-947.e1},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {November},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.002},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study describes 1-year treatment outcomes
             from a large sample of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
             responders, investigates age as a possible moderator of
             these treatment outcomes, and evaluates clinical relapse at
             the 1-year follow-up. METHOD: This study is the planned
             follow-up to the Nordic Long-term OCD [obsessive-compulsive
             disorder] Treatment Study (NordLOTS), which included 177
             children and adolescents who were rated as treatment
             responders following CBT for OCD. Participants
             were assessed with the Children's Yale-Brown
             Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) at 6- and 12-month
             follow-up. Treatment response and remission were defined as
             CY-BOCS total scores ≤15 and ≤10, respectively. Linear
             mixed-effects models were used to analyze all outcomes.
             RESULTS: At 1 year, a total of 155 children and adolescents
             (87.6%) were available for follow-up assessment, with 142 of
             these (91.6%) rated below a total score of ≤15 on the
             CY-BOCS. At 1-year follow-up, 121 (78.1%) were in remission.
             On average, CY-BOCS total scores dropped by 1.72 points
             during the first year after terminating treatment (p =
             .001). A total of 28 participants (15.8%) relapsed
             (CY-BOCS ≥ 16) at either the 6- or 12-month assessment;
             only 2 patients required additional CBT. CONCLUSION: Results
             suggest that manualized CBT in a community setting for
             pediatric OCD has durable effects for those who respond to
             an initial course of treatment; children and adolescents who
             respond to such treatment can be expected to maintain their
             treatment gains for at least 1 year following acute care.
             Clinical trial registration information- Nordic Long-term
             Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment Study;
             www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN66385119.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.002},
   Key = {fds330044}
}

@article{fds302628,
   Author = {Gonzalez, A and Peris, TS and Vreeland, A and Kiff, CJ and Kendall, PC and Compton, SN and Albano, AM and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, GS and Keeton,
             CP and March, J and McCracken, J and Rynn, M and Sherrill, J and Walkup,
             JT and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Parental anxiety as a predictor of medication and CBT
             response for anxious youth.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {84-93},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0009-398X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0454-6},
   Abstract = {The aim of this investigation was to evaluate how parental
             anxiety predicted change in pediatric anxiety symptoms
             across four different interventions: cognitive-behavioral
             therapy, medication (sertraline; SRT), their combination
             (COMB), and pill placebo. Participants were 488 youths (ages
             7-17) with separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety
             disorder, and/or social phobia and their primary caregivers.
             Latent growth curve modeling assessed how pre-treatment
             parental trait anxiety symptoms predicted trajectories of
             youth anxiety symptom change across 12 weeks of treatment at
             four time points. Interactions between parental anxiety and
             treatment condition were tested. Parental anxiety was not
             associated with youth's pre-treatment anxiety symptom
             severity. Controlling for parental trait anxiety, youth
             depressive symptoms, and youth age, youths who received COMB
             benefitted most. Counter to expectations, parental anxiety
             influenced youth anxiety symptom trajectory only within the
             SRT condition, whereas parental anxiety was not
             significantly associated with youth anxiety trajectories in
             the other treatment conditions. Specifically, within the SRT
             condition, higher levels of parental anxiety predicted a
             faster and greater reduction in youth anxiety over the acute
             treatment period compared to youths in the SRT condition
             whose parents had lower anxiety levels. While all active
             treatments produced favorable outcomes, results provide
             insight regarding the treatment-specific influence of
             parental anxiety on the time course of symptom
             change.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-014-0454-6},
   Key = {fds302628}
}

@article{fds342836,
   Author = {Norris, LA and Olino, TM and Gosch, EA and Compton, SN and Piacentini,
             J and Ginsburg, GS and Albano, AM and Walkup, JT and Birmaher, B and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Person-Centered Profiles Among Treatment-Seeking Children
             and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {49},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {626-638},
   Year = {2020},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2019.1602839},
   Abstract = {Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to derive homogeneous
             subgroups within the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study sample (N = 488; 7-17 years, M = 10.69,
             SD = 2.80) and examine whether class membership predicted
             or moderated treatment response. Subgroups were identified
             on baseline multi-informant measures of variables most
             consistently associated with outcome (youth
             anxiety/diagnosis, impairment, family psychopathology/functioning).
             Subgroup membership was examined as a predictor/moderator of
             outcome across the four treatment conditions (CBT,
             Sertraline, CBT+Sertraline, pill placebo) at posttreatment
             (12 weeks) and open-extension follow-up (24 weeks). Four
             subgroups emerged: mild symptoms/impairment, moderate
             symptoms/impairment, moderate symptoms/impairment with
             family dysfunction/parental psychopathology, and severe
             symptoms/impairment. There were significant between-class
             differences on socioeconomic status (SES; lower reported SES
             in the moderate with family dysfunction/parental
             psychopathology class compared to the mild and moderate
             class) and age (older age in the severe symptoms class
             compared to the other three classes). Youth in the mild
             symptoms/impairment class showed lower posttreatment anxiety
             across conditions but reported significantly lower symptom
             severity at baseline. Controlling for demographic
             differences, response to treatment type did not differ
             across classes. Analyses indicate that elevated family
             dysfunction/parental psychopathology clusters primarily
             within one subgroup of anxious youth rather than mapping
             onto symptom severity, highlighting the utility of LPA for
             clarifying within-person combinations of predictor/moderator
             variables. Implications for development of interventions
             targeting class-relevant variables are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2019.1602839},
   Key = {fds342836}
}

@article{fds271470,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Kratochvil, CJ and March, JS},
   Title = {Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and
             adolescents: An evidence-based medicine review},
   Journal = {Psychiatric Annals},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {504-517},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0048-5713},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20070701-05},
   Abstract = {These studies generally support the use of the SSRIs
             fluvoxamine, sertraline, and fluoxetine in the acute
             treatment of pediatric non-OCD anxiety disorders. Two large
             multicenter studies suggest a favorable outcome for
             paroxetine in the treatment of pediatric social anxiety
             disorder. Mixed results currently exist for the use of
             extended-release venlafaxine in the treatment of pediatric
             generalized anxiety disorder. In both of these latter
             studies, concerns with safety were present.},
   Doi = {10.3928/00485713-20070701-05},
   Key = {fds271470}
}

@article{fds271471,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Kratochvil, CJ and March, JS},
   Title = {Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and
             adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review.},
   Journal = {Pediatr Ann},
   Volume = {36},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {586-598},
   Year = {2007},
   Month = {September},
   ISSN = {0090-4481},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17910206},
   Doi = {10.3928/0090-4481-20070901-10},
   Key = {fds271471}
}

@article{fds323536,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and Franklin, MR and Twohig, MP and Franklin, ME and Compton, SN and Neal-Barnett, AM and Saunders, SM and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {Photographic Assessment of Change in Trichotillomania:
             Psychometric Properties and Variables Influencing
             Interpretation},
   Journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
             Assessment},
   Volume = {38},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {505-513},
   Publisher = {Springer Nature},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-016-9536-z},
   Abstract = {Although photographic assessment has been found to be
             reliable in assessing hair loss in Trichotillomania, the
             validity of this method is unclear, particularly for gauging
             progress in treatment. The current study evaluated the
             psychometric properties of photographic assessment of change
             in Trichotillomania. Photographs showing hair loss of adults
             with Trichotillomania were taken before and after
             participating in a clinical trial for the condition.
             Undergraduate college students (N = 211) rated treatment
             response according to the photos, and additional archival
             data on hair pulling severity and psychosocial health were
             retrieved from the clinical trial. Photographic assessment
             of change was found to possess fair reliability (ICC =
             0.53), acceptable criterion validity (r = 0.51), good
             concurrent validity (r = 0.30–0.36), and excellent
             incremental validity (ΔR2 = 8.67, p < 0.01). In addition,
             photographic measures were significantly correlated with
             change in quality of life (r = 0.42), and thus could be
             considered an index of the social validity of
             Trichotillomania treatment. Gender of the photo rater and
             pulling topography affected the criterion validity of
             photographic assessment (partial η2 = 0.05–0.11).
             Recommendations for improving photographic assessment and
             future directions for hair pulling research are
             discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10862-016-9536-z},
   Key = {fds323536}
}

@article{fds327200,
   Author = {Strawn, JR and Dobson, ET and Mills, JA and Cornwall, GJ and Sakolsky,
             D and Birmaher, B and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J and McCracken, JT and Ginsburg, GS and Kendall, PC and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Rynn,
             MA},
   Title = {Placebo Response in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Results
             from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study.},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {27},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {501-508},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2016.0198},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to identify predictors
             of pill placebo response and to characterize the temporal
             course of pill placebo response in anxious youth. METHODS:
             Data from placebo-treated patients (N = 76) in the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a
             multisite, randomized controlled trial that examined the
             efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, their
             combination, and placebo for the treatment of separation,
             generalized, and social anxiety disorders, were evaluated.
             Multiple linear regression models identified features
             associated with placebo response and models were confirmed
             with leave-one-out cross-validation. The likelihood of
             improvement in patients receiving pill placebo-over
             time-relative to improvement associated with active
             treatment was determined using probabilistic Bayesian
             analyses. RESULTS: Based on a categorical definition of
             response (Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale
             score ≤2), nonresponders (n = 48), and pill placebo
             responders (n = 18) did not differ in age
             (p = 0.217), sex (p = 0.980), race (p = 0.743),
             or primary diagnosis (all ps > 0.659). In terms of change in
             anxiety symptoms, separation anxiety disorder and treatment
             expectation were associated with the degree of pill placebo
             response. Greater probability of placebo-related anxiety
             symptom improvement was observed early in the course of
             treatment (baseline to week 4, p < 0.0001). No
             significant change in the probability of placebo-related
             improvement was observed after week 4 (weeks 4-8,
             p = 0.07; weeks 8-12, p = 0.85), whereas the
             probability of improvement, in general, significantly
             increased week over week with active treatment. CONCLUSIONS:
             Pill placebo-related improvement occurs early in the course
             of treatment and both clinical factors and expectation
             predict this improvement. Additionally, probabilistic
             approaches may refine our understanding and prediction of
             pill placebo response.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2016.0198},
   Key = {fds327200}
}

@article{fds302612,
   Author = {Read, KL and Settipani, CA and Peterman, J and Kendall, PC and Compton,
             S and Piacentini, J and McCracken, J and Bergman, L and Walkup, J and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Albano, AM and Rynn, M and Ginsburg, G and Keeton, C and Gosch, E and Suveg, C and Sherrill, J and March,
             J},
   Title = {Predicting Anxiety Diagnoses and Severity with the CBCL-A:
             Improvement Relative to Other CBCL Scales?},
   Journal = {J Psychopathol Behav Assess},
   Volume = {37},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {100-111},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0882-2689},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9439-9},
   Abstract = {The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used
             parent-report of child and adolescent behavior. We examined
             the ability of the CBCL-A scale, a previously published
             subset of CBCL items, to predict the presence of generalized
             anxiety disorder (GAD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD),
             and social phobia (SoP), as well as anxiety severity, among
             488 youth randomized in the Child Anxiety Multimodal Study
             (CAMS). We predicted that the CBCL-A's unique inclusion of
             items related to somatic symptoms would better identify
             anxiety disorder and severity than other CBCL scales, given
             that somatic complaints are often key features of anxiety
             among youth. Results support the use of the anxiety-based
             CBCL subscales as first-line screeners for generally
             elevated symptoms of anxiety, rather than tools to identify
             specific anxiety disorders. Although somatic symptoms are
             often reported and included in diagnostic criteria for
             certain anxiety disorders (e.g., SAD, GAD), the unique
             combination of somatic and non-somatic symptoms for the
             CBCL-A subscale did not increase its ability to consistently
             predict the presence of specific anxiety
             disorders.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10862-014-9439-9},
   Key = {fds302612}
}

@article{fds302627,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Peris, TS and Almirall, D and Birmaher, B and Sherrill,
             J and Kendall, PC and March, JS and Gosch, EA and Ginsburg, GS and Rynn,
             MA and Piacentini, JC and McCracken, JT and Keeton, CP and Suveg, CM and Aschenbrand, SG and Sakolsky, D and Iyengar, S and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM},
   Title = {Predictors and moderators of treatment response in childhood
             anxiety disorders: results from the CAMS
             trial.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {82},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {212-224},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035458},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine predictors and moderators of
             treatment outcomes among 488 youths ages 7-17 years (50%
             female; 74% ≤ 12 years) meeting Diagnostic and Statistical
             Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American
             Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for diagnoses of
             separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, or generalized
             anxiety disorder who were randomly assigned to receive
             either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT),
             their combination (COMB), or medication management with pill
             placebo (PBO) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study (CAMS). METHOD: Six classes of predictor and moderator
             variables (22 variables) were identified from the literature
             and examined using continuous (Pediatric Anxiety Ratings
             Scale; PARS) and categorical (Clinical Global Impression
             Scale-Improvement; CGI-I) outcome measures. RESULTS: Three
             baseline variables predicted better outcomes (independent of
             treatment condition) on the PARS, including low anxiety
             severity (as measured by parents and independent evaluators)
             and caregiver strain. No baseline variables were found to
             predict Week 12 responder status (CGI-I). Participants'
             principal diagnosis moderated treatment outcomes but only on
             the PARS. No baseline variables were found to moderate
             treatment outcomes on Week 12 responder status (CGI-I).
             DISCUSSION: Overall, anxious children responded favorably to
             CAMS treatments. However, having more severe and impairing
             anxiety, greater caregiver strain, and a principal diagnosis
             of social phobia were associated with less favorable
             outcomes. Clinical implications of these findings are
             discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0035458},
   Key = {fds302627}
}

@article{fds302611,
   Author = {Torp, NC and Dahl, K and Skarphedinsson, G and Compton, S and Thomsen,
             PH and Weidle, B and Hybel, K and Valderhaug, R and Melin, K and Nissen,
             JB and Ivarsson, T},
   Title = {Predictors associated with improved cognitive-behavioral
             therapy outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive
             disorder.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {54},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {200-207.e1},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.007},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of treatment response
             in a large sample of pediatric participants with
             obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Nordic Long-term
             Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Treatment Study
             (NordLOTS) included 269 children and adolescents, 7 to 17
             years of age, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD. Outcomes were
             evaluated after 14 weekly sessions of exposure-based
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). METHOD: The association
             of 20 potential predictors, identified by literature review,
             along with their outcomes, was evaluated using the
             Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)
             posttreatment. A CY-BOCS total score of ≤15 was the
             primary outcome measure. RESULTS: The univariate analyses
             showed that children and adolescents who were older had more
             severe OCD, greater functional impairment, higher rates of
             internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and higher levels
             of anxiety and depression symptoms before treatment had
             significantly poorer outcomes after 14 weeks of treatment.
             However, only age was a significant predictor in the
             multivariate model. CONCLUSION: In the multivariate
             analysis, only age predicted better treatment outcome. Using
             univariate analysis, a variety of predictors of poorer
             treatment outcome after CBT was identified. The high impact
             of comorbid symptoms on outcome in pediatric OCD suggests
             that treatment should address comorbidity issues. The lack
             of a family predictor may be related to high family
             involvement in this study. Future research strategies should
             focus on optimizing intervention in the presence of these
             characteristics to achieve greater benefits for patients
             with OCD. Clinical trial registration information-Nordic
             Long-term Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Treatment
             Study; www.controlled-trials.com; ISRCTN66385119.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.007},
   Key = {fds302611}
}

@article{fds271468,
   Author = {Gosch, EA and Flannery-Schroeder, E and Mauro, CF and Compton,
             SN},
   Title = {Principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety
             disorders in children},
   Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy},
   Volume = {20},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {247-262},
   Publisher = {Springer Publishing Company},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {January},
   ISSN = {0889-8391},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcop.20.3.247},
   Abstract = {This article elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of
             cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as applied to the treatment
             of anxiety disorders in children, focusing on social phobia,
             generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety
             disorder. It reviews behavioral and cognitive theories that
             have influenced this approach. We argue that it is necessary
             to understand the essential components of this approach in
             the context of these theories in order to provide effective,
             clinically sensitive, and child-focused treatment.
             Components discussed include assessment, psychoeducation,
             affective education, self-instruction training, cognitive
             restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training,
             modeling, contingency management, and exposure procedures.
             Hypothesized key processes, such as the need to be
             experiential in treatment, are presented for consideration.
             © 2006 Springer Publishing Company.},
   Doi = {10.1891/jcop.20.3.247},
   Key = {fds271468}
}

@article{fds371870,
   Author = {Barber, KE and Woods, DW and Bauer, CC and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Franklin, ME},
   Title = {Psychometric Properties of Trichotillomania Severity
             Measures},
   Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {18-29},
   Year = {2024},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10406-4},
   Abstract = {Background: Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder
             that leads to significant hair loss, distress, and
             impairment. Few validated measures exist to assess TTM, and
             psychometric research examining these tools is sparse. This
             study evaluated the psychometric properties of commonly used
             TTM severity measures and extended prior research by
             including hair loss severity ratings in our analyses.
             Methods: Participants included 91 adults (92.3% Female; M
             age = 35.0) with TTM who completed baseline assessments as
             part of a randomized clinical trial of psychotherapy for
             TTM. TTM measures included the Massachusetts General
             Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HS) and National Institute
             of Mental Health Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH-TSS).
             Independent evaluators rated photos of participants’ most
             severely affected pulling sites using a one-item hair loss
             severity scale. Results: Results showed mixed psychometric
             properties for TTM measures. The MGH-HS showed acceptable
             internal consistency (alpha = 0.83; omega = 0.89), while the
             NIMH-TSS had lower internal consistency (alpha = 0.52; omega
             = 0.73). Both the MGH-HS and NIMH-TSS demonstrated low
             test-retest reliability. Total scores on the MGH-HS and
             NIMH-TSS were not associated with hair loss severity.
             Conclusions: Given these findings, it is imperative to
             develop new, psychometrically-sound TTM measures. These
             results also emphasize the importance of a multi-method
             approach to TTM assessment. In addition to self-report and
             clinician-administered measures, hair loss severity ratings
             may offer valuable information as part of a comprehensive
             assessment of TTM.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10608-023-10406-4},
   Key = {fds371870}
}

@article{fds342200,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Dusetzina, SB and Compton, SN and Gaynes, BN and Brookhart, MA and Stürmer, T},
   Title = {Psychotherapy Claims Surrounding Pharmacotherapy Initiation
             in Children and Adolescents with Anxiety
             Disorders.},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {29},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {100-106},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2018.0108},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Psychotherapy is an effective, recommended
             treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders. Nevertheless,
             individuals with mental health conditions often do not
             receive psychotherapy, with variation across provider types.
             This study sought to examine psychotherapy claims
             surrounding medication initiation in U.S. children with
             diagnosed anxiety disorders. METHODS: The study cohort
             included privately insured children (3-17 years) with a
             diagnosed anxiety disorder initiating a medication to treat
             anxiety from 2004 to 2014. We examined psychotherapy claims
             in the 3 months before and 3 months after medication
             initiation and described children with multiple (2+)
             psychotherapy claims per 3-month period. RESULTS: Of the
             75,024 children initiating a medication for anxiety (median
             age = 14 years, 58% female), 35% had multiple
             psychotherapy claims before medication initiation, with
             variation by age, anxiety disorder, and psychiatric
             comorbidity and with little change across time.
             Psychotherapy claims after medication initiation varied by
             whether the child had prior psychotherapy: 80% in children
             with prior psychotherapy and 30% in children without prior
             psychotherapy claims (44% of children diagnosed by a
             psychiatrist, 21% of children diagnosed by a pediatrician).
             CONCLUSION: Many privately insured children do not have
             claims for psychotherapy before or after pharmacotherapy
             initiation for anxiety. Findings can inform future research
             and efforts to ultimately increase appropriate psychotherapy
             utilization in children with anxiety disorders.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2018.0108},
   Key = {fds342200}
}

@article{fds372713,
   Author = {Barber, KE and Capel, LK and Merl, N and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Compton, SN and Franklin, ME and Woods, DW},
   Title = {Pulling Sites in Trichotillomania: Exploring Differences in
             Characteristics, Phenomenology, and Contextual
             Variables},
   Journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {164-176},
   Year = {2024},
   Month = {February},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10419-z},
   Abstract = {Introduction: Trichotillomania is a heterogeneous disorder
             with a wide range of presentations. Past studies have
             described the phenomenology of trichotillomania, but
             individual differences based on the body site from which
             hair is pulled have not been thoroughly explored. Contextual
             variables relevant to pulling (e.g., settings, tool use) may
             vary as a function of pulling site. We constructed a
             detailed profile of individual and clinical characteristics
             based on pulling site and describe contextual factors
             associated with different pulling sites. Methods: Data were
             drawn from two randomized control trials of psychotherapy
             for trichotillomania. Participants included
             treatment-seeking adults with trichotillomania (N = 153; 89%
             women; Mage=33.41) who took part in either a face-to-face (n
             = 92) or an online (n = 61) trial. Study 1 explored
             differences in age, gender, trichotillomania symptom
             severity, and levels of automatic and focused pulling as a
             function of pulling site. Study 2 included a subset of Study
             1 participants (n = 65) and examined pulling site
             differences for relevant contextual variables. Results:
             Study 1 revealed differences in age, gender, and level of
             automatic vs. focused pulling based on pulling site. Study 2
             showed that pulling from different bodily sites was more
             likely to occur in specific settings and with certain tools.
             Discussion: These results reflect considerable variability
             in the phenomenology of trichotillomania across pulling
             sites and contribute to the overall understanding of
             trichotillomania. A clearer picture of contextual cues and
             clinical characteristics for different hair pulling sites
             has treatment implications. Clinical applications and future
             research directions are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10608-023-10419-z},
   Key = {fds372713}
}

@article{fds355970,
   Author = {Jensen, S and Hybel, KA and Højgaard, DRMA and Nissen, JB and Weidle,
             B and Ivarsson, T and Skarphedinsson, G and Melin, K and Torp, NC and Carlsen, AH and Mortensen, EL and Lenhard, F and Compton, S and Thomsen,
             PH},
   Title = {Quality of life in pediatric patients with
             obsessive-compulsive disorder during and 3 years after
             stepped-care treatment.},
   Journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1377-1389},
   Year = {2022},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01775-w},
   Abstract = {The present study aimed to investigate the long-term quality
             of life (QoL) in a large sample of pediatric
             obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. The study
             included 220 pediatric OCD patients from the Nordic
             Long-term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS) who were evaluated
             at seven time points before, during, and after stepped-care
             treatment over a 3-year follow-up period. Data from three
             symptom severity trajectory classes formed the basis of the
             QoL evaluation: acute (n = 127, N = 147), slow
             (n = 46, N = 63), and limited responders
             (n = 47, N = 59). Patients' QoL was assessed using
             parent and child ratings of the revised Questionnaire for
             Measuring Health-related Quality of Life in Children and
             Adolescents (KINDL-R). QoL was analyzed by trajectory class
             using a random mixed effects model. The association between
             pre-treatment factors and long-term QoL was investigated
             across classes in a multivariate model. Three years after
             treatment, the acute responder class had reached QoL levels
             from a general population, whereas the limited responder
             class had not. The slow responder class reached norm levels
             for the child-rated QoL only. Higher levels of co-occurring
             externalizing symptoms before treatment were associated with
             lower parent-rated QoL during follow-up, while adolescence
             and higher levels of co-occurring internalizing symptoms
             were associated with lower child-rated QoL during follow-up.
             For some patients, residual OCD symptoms in the years after
             treatment, even at levels below assumed clinical
             significance, are associated with compromised QoL.
             Co-occurring symptoms could be part of the explanation.
             Assessing QoL after OCD treatment, beyond the
             clinician-rated symptom severity, could detect patients in
             need of further treatment and/or assessment. Trial registry:
             Nordic Long-term Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
             Treatment Study; www.controlled-trials.com ;
             ISRCTN66385119.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s00787-021-01775-w},
   Key = {fds355970}
}

@article{fds371262,
   Author = {Coffman, M and Di Martino and JM and Aiello, R and Carpenter, KLH and Chang, Z and Compton, S and Eichner, B and Espinosa, S and Flowers, J and Franz, L and Perochon, S and Krishnappa Babu and PR and Sapiro, G and Dawson, G},
   Title = {Relationship between quantitative digital behavioral
             features and clinical profiles in young autistic
             children.},
   Journal = {Autism Res},
   Volume = {16},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {1360-1374},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2955},
   Abstract = {Early behavioral markers for autism include differences in
             social attention and orienting in response to one's name
             when called, and differences in body movements and motor
             abilities. More efficient, scalable, objective, and reliable
             measures of these behaviors could improve early screening
             for autism. This study evaluated whether objective and
             quantitative measures of autism-related behaviors elicited
             from an app (SenseToKnow) administered on a smartphone or
             tablet and measured via computer vision analysis (CVA) are
             correlated with standardized caregiver-report and clinician
             administered measures of autism-related behaviors and
             cognitive, language, and motor abilities. This is an
             essential step in establishing the concurrent validity of a
             digital phenotyping approach. In a sample of 485 toddlers,
             43 of whom were diagnosed with autism, we found that
             CVA-based gaze variables related to social attention were
             associated with the level of autism-related behaviors. Two
             language-related behaviors measured via the app, attention
             to people during a conversation and responding to one's name
             being called, were associated with children's language
             skills. Finally, performance during a bubble popping game
             was associated with fine motor skills. These findings
             provide initial support for the concurrent validity of the
             SenseToKnow app and its potential utility in identifying
             clinical profiles associated with autism. Future research is
             needed to determine whether the app can be used as an autism
             screening tool, can reliably stratify autism-related
             behaviors, and measure changes in autism-related behaviors
             over time.},
   Doi = {10.1002/aur.2955},
   Key = {fds371262}
}

@article{fds271500,
   Author = {Costello, EJ and Compton, SN and Keeler, G and Angold,
             A},
   Title = {Relationships between poverty and psychopathology: a natural
             experiment.},
   Journal = {JAMA},
   Volume = {290},
   Number = {15},
   Pages = {2023-2029},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14559956},
   Abstract = {CONTEXT: Social causation (adversity and stress) vs social
             selection (downward mobility from familial liability to
             mental illness) are competing theories about the origins of
             mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To test the role of social
             selection vs social causation of childhood psychopathology
             using a natural experiment. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental,
             longitudinal study. POPULATION AND SETTING: A representative
             population sample of 1420 rural children aged 9 to 13 years
             at intake were given annual psychiatric assessments for 8
             years (1993-2000). One quarter of the sample were American
             Indian, and the remaining were predominantly white. Halfway
             through the study, a casino opening on the Indian
             reservation gave every American Indian an income supplement
             that increased annually. This increase moved 14% of study
             families out of poverty, while 53% remained poor, and 32%
             were never poor. Incomes of non-Indian families were
             unaffected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of Diagnostic and
             Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition,
             psychiatric symptoms in the never-poor, persistently poor,
             and ex-poor children were compared for the 4 years before
             and after the casino opened. RESULTS: Before the casino
             opened, the persistently poor and ex-poor children had more
             psychiatric symptoms (4.38 and 4.28, respectively) than the
             never-poor children (2.75), but after the opening levels
             among the ex-poor fell to those of the never-poor children,
             while levels among those who were persistently poor remained
             high (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.09;
             and odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.07,
             respectively). The effect was specific to symptoms of
             conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. Anxiety and
             depression symptoms were unaffected. Similar results were
             found in non-Indian children whose families moved out of
             poverty during the same period. CONCLUSIONS: An income
             intervention that moved families out of poverty for reasons
             that cannot be ascribed to family characteristics had a
             major effect on some types of children's psychiatric
             disorders, but not on others. Results support a social
             causation explanation for conduct and oppositional disorder,
             but not for anxiety or depression.},
   Doi = {10.1001/jama.290.15.2023},
   Key = {fds271500}
}

@article{fds271486,
   Author = {Ginsburg, GS and Kendall, PC and Sakolsky, D and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Walkup, JT and Sherrill, J and Coffey,
             KA and Rynn, MA and Keeton, CP and McCracken, JT and Bergman, L and Iyengar, S and Birmaher, B and March, J},
   Title = {Remission after acute treatment in children and adolescents
             with anxiety disorders: findings from the
             CAMS.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {79},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {806-813},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025933},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To report on remission rates in anxious youth who
             participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Study (CAMS). The CAMS, a multisite clinical trial,
             randomized 488 children and adolescents (ages 7-17 years;
             79% Caucasian; 50% female) with separation, social, and/or
             generalized anxiety disorder to a 12-week treatment of
             sertraline (SRT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), their
             combination (COMB), or clinical management with pill placebo
             (PBO). METHOD: The primary definition of remission was loss
             of all study-entry anxiety disorder diagnoses; additional
             definitions of remission were used. All outcomes were rated
             by independent evaluators blind to treatment assignment.
             Predictors of remission were also examined. RESULTS:
             Remission rates after 12 weeks of treatment ranged from 46%
             to 68% for COMB, 34% to 46% for SRT, 20% to 46% for CBT, and
             15% to 27% for PBO. Rates of remission (i.e., achieving a
             nearly symptom-free state) were significantly lower than
             rates of response (i.e., achieving a clinically meaningful
             improvement relative to baseline) for the entire sample.
             Youth who received COMB had significantly higher rates of
             remission compared to all other treatment groups. Both
             monotherapies had higher remission rates compared to PBO,
             but rates were not different from each other. Predictors of
             remission were younger age, nonminority status, lower
             baseline anxiety severity, absence of other internalizing
             disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression), and absence of social
             phobia. CONCLUSIONS: For the majority of children, some
             symptoms of anxiety persisted, even among those showing
             improvement after 12 weeks of treatment, suggesting a need
             to augment or extend current treatments for some
             children.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0025933},
   Key = {fds271486}
}

@article{fds337698,
   Author = {Swan, AJ and Kendall, PC and Olino, T and Ginsburg, G and Keeton, C and Compton, S and Piacentini, J and Peris, T and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher,
             B and Albano, AM},
   Title = {Results from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
             Longitudinal Study (CAMELS): Functional outcomes.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {86},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {738-750},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000334},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To report functional outcomes from the multisite
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study
             (CAMELS), which examined the impact of youth anxiety
             treatment (cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT], coping cat;
             Sertraline, SRT; COMB [CBT + SRT]; pill placebo) on (a)
             global and (b) domain-specific functioning assessed an
             average of 3.1 times, 3- to 12-years postrandomization
             (first assessment = mean 6.5 years postrandomization).
             METHOD: Three-hundred and 19 of 488 families from the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; Walkup et
             al., 2008) participated. Growth curve modeling examined the
             impact of treatment condition and acute treatment outcomes
             (i.e., response, remission) on global functioning, global
             and domain-specific impairment, and life satisfaction across
             follow-up visits. Logistic regressions explored the impact
             of treatment remission and condition on low frequency events
             (arrests/convictions) and education. RESULTS: Treatment
             responders and remitters demonstrated better global
             functioning, decreased overall impairment, and increased
             life satisfaction at follow-up. Treatment remission, but not
             response, predicted decreased domain-specific impairment
             (social relationships, self-care/independence, academic
             functioning), and maintenance of increased life satisfaction
             across follow-ups. Participants in the CBT condition,
             compared with pill placebo, demonstrated improved
             trajectories pertaining to life satisfaction, overall
             impairment, and impairment in academic functioning.
             Randomization to CBT or COMB treatment was associated with
             increasing employment rates. Trajectories for participants
             randomized to SRT was not significantly different from
             placebo. Treatment outcome and condition did not predict
             legal outcomes, school/work variables, or family life.
             CONCLUSION: Positive early intervention outcomes are
             associated with improved overall functioning, life
             satisfaction, and functioning within specific domains 6.5
             years posttreatment. Treatment type differentially predicted
             trajectories of functioning. Findings support the positive
             impact of pediatric anxiety treatment into adolescence and
             early adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record},
   Doi = {10.1037/ccp0000334},
   Key = {fds337698}
}

@article{fds336055,
   Author = {Ginsburg, GS and Becker-Haimes, EM and Keeton, C and Kendall, PC and Iyengar, S and Sakolsky, D and Albano, AM and Peris, T and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Results From the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Extended Long-Term Study (CAMELS): Primary
             Anxiety Outcomes.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {57},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {471-480},
   Year = {2018},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.017},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To report anxiety outcomes from the multisite
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study
             (CAMELS). Rates of stable anxiety remission (defined
             rigorously as the absence of all DSM-IV TR anxiety disorders
             across all follow-up years) and predictors of anxiety
             remission across a 4-year period, beginning 4 to 12 years
             after randomization to 12 weeks of medication,
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination, or
             pill placebo were examined. Examined predictors of remission
             included acute treatment response, treatment assignment,
             baseline child and family variables, and interim negative
             life events. METHOD: Data were from 319 youths (age range
             10.9-25.2 years; mean age 17.12 years) originally diagnosed
             with separation, social, and/or generalized anxiety
             disorders and enrolled in the multi-site Child/Adolescent
             Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS). Participants were assessed
             annually by independent evaluators using the age-appropriate
             version of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule and
             completed questionnaires (eg, about family functioning, life
             events, and mental health service use). RESULTS: Almost 22%
             of youth were in stable remission, 30% were chronically ill,
             and 48% were relapsers. Acute treatment responders were less
             likely to be in the chronically ill group (odds ratio =
             2.73; confidence interval = 1.14-6.54; p < .02); treatment
             type was not associated with remission status across the
             follow-up. Several variables (eg, male gender) predicted
             stable remission from anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION:
             Findings suggest that acute positive response to anxiety
             treatment may reduce risk for chronic anxiety disability;
             identified predictors can help tailor treatments to youth at
             greatest risk for chronic illness. CLINICAL TRIAL
             REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Child and Adolescent Anxiety
             Disorders (CAMS). http://clinicaltrials.gov/;
             NCT00052078.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2018.03.017},
   Key = {fds336055}
}

@article{fds271497,
   Author = {Farmer, EMZ and Compton, SN and Bums, BJ and Robertson,
             E},
   Title = {Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood
             psychopathology: externalizing disorders.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1267-1302},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12472301},
   Abstract = {This article reviews controlled research on treatments for
             childhood externalizing behavior disorders. The review is
             organized around 2 subsets of such disorders: disruptive
             behavior disorders (i.e., conduct disorder, oppositional
             defiant disorder) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity
             disorder (ADHD). The review was based on a literature review
             of nonresidential treatments for youths ages 6-12. The pool
             of studies for this age group was limited, but results
             suggest positive outcomes for a variety of interventions
             (particularly parent training and community-based
             interventions for disruptive behavior disorders and
             medication for ADHD). The review also highlights the need
             for additional research examining effectiveness of
             treatments for this age range and strategies to enhance the
             implementation of effective practices.},
   Doi = {10.1037//0022-006x.70.6.1267},
   Key = {fds271497}
}

@article{fds271464,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Burns, BJ and Helen, LE and Robertson,
             E},
   Title = {Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood
             psychopathology: internalizing disorders.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {70},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1240-1266},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12472300},
   Abstract = {This article reviews the empirical literature on
             psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and adjunctive
             treatments for children between the ages of 6 and 12 with
             internalizing disorders. The aim of this review was to
             identify interventions that have potential to prevent
             substance use disorders in adolescence by treating
             internalizing disorders in childhood. Results suggest that a
             variety of behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and
             pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing
             symptoms of childhood depression, phobias, and anxiety
             disorders. None of the studies reviewed included substance
             abuse outcomes. Thus, little can be said about the
             relationship between early treatment and the prevention of
             later substance use. The importance of evaluating the
             generalizability of research-supported interventions to
             community settings is highlighted and recommendations for
             future research are offered.},
   Doi = {10.1037//0022-006x.70.6.1240},
   Key = {fds271464}
}

@article{fds271480,
   Author = {Walkup, JT and Compton, S},
   Title = {Review: Pharmacotherapy increases response and reduces
             symptom severity in paediatric anxiety disorders},
   Journal = {Evidence-Based Mental Health},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {19},
   Publisher = {BMJ},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {1362-0347},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.13.1.19},
   Doi = {10.1136/ebmh.13.1.19},
   Key = {fds271480}
}

@article{fds327208,
   Author = {Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP)
             Anxiety Study Group},
   Title = {Searching for Moderators and Mediators of Pharmacological
             Treatment Effects in Children and Adolescents With Anxiety
             Disorders},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {42},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {13-21},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2003},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200301000-00006},
   Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200301000-00006},
   Key = {fds327208}
}

@article{fds368898,
   Author = {Albano, AM and Comer, JS and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J and Kendall,
             PC and Birmaher, B and Walkup, JT and Ginsburg, GS and Rynn, MA and McCracken, J and Keeton, C and Sakolsky, DJ and Sherrill,
             JT},
   Title = {Secondary Outcomes From the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study: Implications for Clinical
             Practice.},
   Journal = {Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {30-41},
   Year = {2018},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2017.1399485},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Controlled evaluations comparing medication,
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination in
             the treatment of youth anxiety have predominantly focused on
             global ratings by independent evaluators. Such ratings are
             resource-intensive, may be of limited generalizability, and
             do not directly inform our understanding of treatment
             responses from the perspective of treated families. We
             examined outcomes from the perspective of treated youth and
             parents in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study
             (CAMS). METHODS: Participants (N=488; ages 7-17 years) who
             had a primary diagnosis of separation, social, and/or
             generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to a
             treatment condition in the CAMS trial. Linear mixed-effects
             and ANCOVA models examined parent- and youth-reported
             anxiety symptoms, impact of anxiety, broader internalizing
             and externalizing psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and
             family burden throughout the 12-week acute treatment phase
             and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: At week 12, combination
             treatment showed superiority over placebo, sertraline, and
             CBT with regard to parent-reported youth anxiety symptoms,
             and sertraline and CBT as monotherapies showed superiority
             over placebo with regard to parent-reported youth anxiety.
             Combination therapy and sertraline also showed week 12
             superiority over placebo with regard to parent-reported
             internalizing psychopathology, and superiority over placebo
             and CBT with regard to parent-reported impact of anxiety,
             family burden, and youth depressive symptoms. By week 36,
             parent reports of many youth outcomes were comparable across
             active conditions. Youth measures tracked parent measures on
             many outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings were drawn on brief,
             readily available questionnaires that in conjunction with
             clinician measures can inform patient-centered care and
             collaborative decision-making.Trial Registry Name: Child and
             Adolescent Anxiety Disorders (CAMS)Registry identification
             number: NCT00052078Registry URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00052078.},
   Doi = {10.1080/23794925.2017.1399485},
   Key = {fds368898}
}

@article{fds340611,
   Author = {Carpenter, KLH and Baranek, GT and Copeland, WE and Compton, S and Zucker, N and Dawson, G and Egger, HL},
   Title = {Sensory Over-Responsivity: An Early Risk Factor for Anxiety
             and Behavioral Challenges in Young Children.},
   Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {1075-1088},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0502-y},
   Abstract = {Anxiety disorders are prevalent and significantly impact
             young children and their families. One hypothesized risk
             factor for anxiety is heightened responses to sensory input.
             Few studies have explored this hypothesis prospectively.
             This study had two goals: (1) examine whether sensory
             over-responsivity is predictive of the development of
             anxiety in a large prospective sample of children, and (2)
             identify whether anxiety mediates the relationship between
             sensory over-responsivity and behavioral challenges.
             Children's sensory and anxiety symptoms were assessed in a
             community sample of 917 at 2-5 and again in 191 of these
             children at 6 years old. Parents also reported on a number
             of additional behavioral challenges previously found to be
             associated with both sensory over-responsivity and anxiety
             separately: irritability, food selectivity, sleep problems,
             and gastrointestinal problems. Forty three percent of
             preschool children with sensory over-responsivity also had a
             concurrent impairing anxiety disorder. Preschool sensory
             over-responsivity symptoms significantly and positively
             predicted anxiety symptoms at age six. This relationship was
             both specific and unidirectional. Finally, school-age
             anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between preschool
             sensory over-responsivity symptoms and both irritability and
             sleep problems at school-age. These results suggest sensory
             over-responsivity is a risk factor for anxiety disorders.
             Furthermore, children who have symptoms of sensory
             over-responsivity as preschoolers have higher levels of
             anxiety symptoms at school-age, which in turn is associated
             with increased levels of school-age behavioral
             challenges.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10802-018-0502-y},
   Key = {fds340611}
}

@article{fds271491,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Grant, PJ and Chrisman, AK and Gammon, PJ and Brown, VL and March, JS},
   Title = {Sertraline in children and adolescents with social anxiety
             disorder: an open trial.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {40},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {564-571},
   Year = {2001},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349701},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this open-label study was to assess
             the therapeutic benefits, response pattern, and safety of
             sertraline in children with social anxiety disorder. METHOD:
             Fourteen outpatient subjects with a primary Axis I diagnosis
             of social anxiety disorder were treated in an 8-week open
             trial of sertraline. Diagnostic and primary outcome measures
             included the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for
             Children, Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI), Social
             Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children, and a
             standardized behavioral avoidance test. RESULTS: As measured
             by the CGI (Improvement subscale), 36% (5/14) of subjects
             were classified as treatment responders and 29% (4/14) as
             partial responders by the end of the 8-week trial. A
             significant clinical response appeared by week 6.
             Self-report and behavioral measures showed significant
             clinical improvement into normal range across all domains
             measured. The mean dose of sertraline was 123.21+/-37.29 mg
             per day. Sertraline was generally well tolerated.
             CONCLUSION: In open treatment, sertraline resulted in
             significant improvement in symptoms of childhood social
             anxiety disorder. Absolute response rates varied depending
             on rating scales used. Findings from this study are
             sufficiently strong to warrant a future multisite,
             randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of
             sertraline for treatment of childhood social anxiety
             disorder.},
   Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200105000-00016},
   Key = {fds271491}
}

@article{fds359117,
   Author = {Kolitsopoulos, F and Ramaker, S and Compton, S and Broderick, S and Orazem, J and Bao, W and Lokhnygina, Y and Chappell,
             P},
   Title = {Sertraline Pediatric Registry for the Evaluation of Safety:
             Design and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients
             Prescribed Sertraline.},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {31},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {411-420},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {August},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2020.0170},
   Abstract = {Objectives: To describe the study design and clinical
             characteristics of patients in the Sertraline Pediatric
             RegIstry for The Evaluation of Safety (SPRITES). Methods:
             SPRITES is an open-label postmarketing study of development
             and safety outcomes in patients aged 6 to 16 years treated
             with sertraline (with or without psychotherapy) compared
             with psychotherapy alone for up to 3 years in the United
             States. Baseline data included demographics and psychiatric
             history. Primary outcomes included measures of cognitive and
             emotional development (Trails B, Behavior Rating Inventory
             of Executive Function [BRIEF]), physical development (height
             and weight), and pubertal status (Tanner Stage). Data were
             also collected on present/lifetime risk of suicide-related
             events using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale.
             Results: SPRITES enrolled 941 patients between the ages of 6
             and 16 years. Patients' baseline mean age was 11.9 years
             (2.9), 57.2% were female, and 84.8% were white. Most
             patients (78.4%) had an anxiety disorder, and 15.6% were
             diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The mean age
             at onset of first mental illness was 7.9 years. A higher
             percentage of sertraline-treated patients compared with
             patients who received no pharmacological treatment received
             prior psychotherapy (59.0% vs. 34.4%, p < 0.001),
             psychotropic medications for a psychiatric disorder (14.1%
             vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001), and other non-sertraline selective
             serotonin reuptake inhibitors (8.6% vs. 1.2%,
             p < 0.001). Most patients were moderately ill on the
             Clinical Global Impressions-Severity scale, and a higher
             (p < 0.001) percentage of sertraline-treated patients
             had a moderate-to-severe mental illness score compared with
             the no pharmacological treatment group (73.0% vs. 57.8%,
             respectively). Although patients at high and imminent risk
             of a suicidal event were excluded at study entry, the
             sertraline-treated patients reported higher levels of
             lifetime suicidal behavior compared with patients treated
             with no pharmacological treatment (5.8% vs. 2.5%,
             p = 0.039). Conclusions: Baseline data from this
             nonrandomized observational study suggest that patients
             prescribed sertraline are reflective of a more mentally ill
             study population compared with patients receiving
             psychotherapy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
             NCT01302080.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2020.0170},
   Key = {fds359117}
}

@article{fds323540,
   Author = {Caporino, NE and Read, KL and Shiffrin, N and Settipani, C and Kendall,
             PC and Compton, SN and Sherrill, J and Piacentini, J and Walkup, J and Ginsburg, G and Keeton, C and Birmaher, B and Sakolsky, D and Gosch, E and Albano, AM},
   Title = {Sleep-Related Problems and the Effects of Anxiety Treatment
             in Children and Adolescents.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {675-685},
   Year = {2017},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1063429},
   Abstract = {This study examined (a) demographic and clinical
             characteristics associated with sleep-related problems
             (SRPs) among youth with anxiety disorders, and (b) the
             impact of anxiety treatment: cognitive-behavioral therapy
             (CBT; Coping Cat), medication (sertraline), their
             combination, and pill placebo on SRPs. Youth (N = 488,
             ages 7-17, 50% female, 79% White) with a principal diagnosis
             of generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety
             disorder, or social phobia participated. SRPs were reported
             by parents and youth. Findings differed by informant and by
             type of SRP, with evidence that SRPs are associated with
             age, anxiety severity, externalizing problems, functional
             impairment, and family burden at pretreatment. Anxiety
             treatment reduced SRPs; effect sizes were small to medium.
             Reductions in parent-reported separation-related sleep
             difficulties were significantly greater in active treatment
             than in the placebo condition, with the greatest reductions
             reported by parents of youth whose active treatment was
             multimodal or included sertraline. Youth whose anxiety
             treatment involved CBT reported significantly greater
             decreases in dysregulated sleep (e.g., sleeplessness). Both
             CBT for anxiety and sertraline appear to be somewhat
             effective in reducing SRPs, and multimodal treatment may be
             preferable depending on the symptom presentation. To inform
             practice, future research should examine a broad range of
             SRPs, incorporate objective measures of sleep, and evaluate
             the impact of behavioral strategies that directly target
             SRPs in youth with anxiety disorders.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2015.1063429},
   Key = {fds323540}
}

@article{fds271489,
   Author = {Almirall, D and Compton, SN and Rynn, MA and Walkup, JT and Murphy,
             SA},
   Title = {SMARTer discontinuation trial designs for developing an
             adaptive treatment strategy.},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {22},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {364-374},
   Year = {2012},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {1044-5463},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2011.0073},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Developing evidenced-based practices for the
             management of childhood psychiatric disorders requires
             research studies that address how to treat children during
             both the acute phase of the disorder and beyond. Given the
             selection of a medication for acute treatment,
             discontinuation trials are used to evaluate the effects of
             treatment duration (e.g., time on medication) and/or
             maintenance strategies following successful acute-phase
             treatment. Recently, sequential multiple assignment
             randomized trials (SMART) have been proposed for use in
             informing sequences of critical clinical decisions such as
             those mentioned. The objective of this article is to
             illustrate how a SMART study is related to the standard
             discontinuation trial design, while addressing additional
             clinically important questions with similar trial resources.
             METHOD: The recently completed Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study (CAMS), a randomized trial that examined
             the relative efficacy of three acute-phase treatments for
             pediatric anxiety disorders, along with a next logical step,
             a standard discontinuation trial design, is used to clarify
             the ideas. This example is used to compare the
             discontinuation trial design relative to the SMART design.
             RESULTS: We find that the standard discontinuation trial can
             be modified slightly using a SMART design to yield
             high-quality data that can be used to address a wider
             variety of questions in addition to the impact of treatment
             duration. We discuss how this innovative trial design is
             ultimately more efficient and less costly than the standard
             discontinuation trial, and may result in more representative
             comparisons between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health
             researchers who are interested in addressing questions
             concerning the effects of continued treatment (for different
             durations) following successful acute-phase treatment should
             consider SMART designs in place of discontinuation trial
             designs in their research. SMART designs can be used to
             address these and other questions concerning individualized
             sequences of treatment, such as the choice of a rescue
             treatment in case of postacute phase relapse.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2011.0073},
   Key = {fds271489}
}

@article{fds326112,
   Author = {Gonzalez, A and Rozenman, M and Langley, AK and Kendall, PC and Ginsburg, GS and Compton, S and Walkup, JT and Birmaher, B and Albano,
             AM and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {Social Interpretation Bias in Children and Adolescents with
             Anxiety Disorders: Psychometric Examination of the
             Self-report of Ambiguous Social Situations for Youth (SASSY)
             Scale.},
   Journal = {Child Youth Care Forum},
   Volume = {46},
   Number = {3},
   Pages = {395-412},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {June},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9381-y},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are among the most common
             mental health problems in youth, and faulty interpretation
             bias has been positively linked to anxiety severity, even
             within anxiety-disordered youth. Quick, reliable assessment
             of interpretation bias may be useful in identifying youth
             with certain types of anxiety or assessing changes on
             cognitive bias during intervention. OBJECTIVE: This study
             examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of
             the Self-report of Ambiguous Social Situations for Youth
             (SASSY) scale, a self-report measure developed to assess
             interpretation bias in youth. METHODS: Participants (N=488,
             age 7 to 17) met diagnostic criteria for Social Phobia,
             Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and/or Separation Anxiety
             Disorder. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on
             baseline data from youth participating in a large randomized
             clinical trial. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded
             two factors (Accusation/Blame, Social Rejection). The SASSY
             full scale and Social Rejection factor demonstrated adequate
             internal consistency, convergent validity with social
             anxiety, and discriminant validity as evidenced by
             non-significant correlations with measures of non-social
             anxiety. Further, the SASSY Social Rejection factor
             accurately distinguished children and adolescents with
             Social Phobia from those with other anxiety disorders,
             supporting its criterion validity, and revealed sensitivity
             to changes with treatment. Given the relevance to youth with
             social phobia, pre- and post-intervention data were examined
             for youth social phobia to test sensitivity to treatment
             effects; results suggested that SASSY scores reduced for
             treatment responders. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the
             potential utility of the SASSY Social Rejection factor as a
             quick, reliable, and efficient way of assessing
             interpretation bias in anxious youth, particularly as
             related to social concerns, in research and clinical
             settings.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10566-016-9381-y},
   Key = {fds326112}
}

@article{fds271463,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Nelson, AH and March, JS},
   Title = {Social phobia and separation anxiety symptoms in community
             and clinical samples of children and adolescents.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {39},
   Number = {8},
   Pages = {1040-1046},
   Year = {2000},
   Month = {August},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939233},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the developmental progression and
             pattern of self-reported symptoms of social phobia (SP) and
             separation anxiety (SA) in community (n = 2,384) and
             clinical (n = 217) samples of children and adolescents,
             using a cross-sectional method. METHOD: Subjects were
             cross-classified by age, gender, and race. Using mean scores
             on the SP and SA subscales of the Multidimensional Anxiety
             Scale for Children, 4 categories of children were
             established: HighSP/HighSA, HighSP/LowSA, LowSP/HighSA, and
             LowSP/LowSA. Data were analyzed using a generalized logit
             model. RESULTS: Community sample: Preadolescents and females
             reported more symptoms of HighSP/HighSA and LowSP/HighSA
             than adolescents and males. White children reported more
             symptoms of HighSP/LowSA, while the opposite pattern was
             found among African-American children. Clinical sample:
             Similar to the community sample, preadolescents reported
             more symptoms of HighSP/HighSA. However, clinical males
             reported more symptoms of LowSP/HighSA than clinical
             females. CONCLUSIONS: In general, adolescents endorsed more
             symptoms of SP and fewer symptoms of SA than preadolescent
             children. Irrespective of age, white children endorsed more
             symptoms of SP and fewer symptoms of SA than
             African-American children. In the community sample,
             preadolescent boys endorsed more symptoms of SA and fewer
             symptoms of SP, suggesting a possible referral
             bias.},
   Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200008000-00020},
   Key = {fds271463}
}

@article{fds302626,
   Author = {Crawley, SA and Caporino, NE and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, G and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Sherrill, J and Sakolsky, D and Compton, SN and Rynn, M and McCracken, J and Gosch, E and Keeton, C and March, J and Walkup, JT and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Somatic complaints in anxious youth.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {45},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {398-407},
   Year = {2014},
   Month = {August},
   ISSN = {0009-398X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0410-x},
   Abstract = {This study examined (a) demographic and clinical
             characteristics associated with physical symptoms in
             anxiety-disordered youth and (b) the impact of
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (Coping Cat), medication
             (sertraline), their combination, and pill placebo on
             physical symptoms. Youth (N = 488, ages 7-17 years) with a
             principal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder,
             separation anxiety disorder, or social phobia participated
             as part of a multi-site, randomized controlled trial and
             received treatment delivered over 12 weeks. Diagnostic
             status, symptom severity, and impairment were assessed at
             baseline and week 12. The total number and severity of
             physical symptoms was associated with age, principal
             diagnosis, anxiety severity, impairment, and the presence of
             comorbid internalizing disorders. Common somatic complaints
             were headaches, stomachaches, head cold or sniffles,
             sleeplessness, and feeling drowsy or too sleepy. Physical
             symptoms decreased over the course of treatment, and were
             unrelated to treatment condition. Clinical implications and
             directions for future research are discussed
             (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00052078).},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-013-0410-x},
   Key = {fds302626}
}

@article{fds327206,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Atkins, DC},
   Title = {Statistics and research methodology at ABCT: AMASS and
             beyond},
   Journal = {the Behavior Therapist},
   Volume = {33},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {140-141},
   Year = {2010},
   Abstract = {Twenty years ago, hierarchical regression and analysis of
             covariance were the established statistical methods commonly
             found in clinical psychology research studies. At present,
             these methods have largely given way to hierarchical linear
             models (HLM) and structural equation models (SEM), which are
             used in many—if not most—research studies. For more than
             two decades, ABCT has attempted to meet the ever-widening
             gap by offering a series of workshops during its annual
             conference that focus on topics related to statistics and
             research methodology. The primary motivation for applied
             researchers to stay on top of advances made in statistics
             and research methodology is that as our field matures, we
             are asking increasingly complex questions about human
             behavior that require more sophisticated research designs
             and statistical techniques. Here we present findings from
             this survey, address a frequent misunderstanding about AMASS
             sessions, and introduce the creation of a new Special
             Interest Group (SIG) devoted to Clinical Research Methods
             and Statistics. Results show that respondents expressed the
             most interest for workshops focused on HLM for continuous
             and nonnormal outcomes, power analyses, longitudinal
             mediation, missing data, and SEM approaches. (PsycINFO
             Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights
             reserved)},
   Key = {fds327206}
}

@article{fds375366,
   Author = {Rabner, J and Olino, TM and Albano, AM and Keeton, CP and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Piacentini, J and Peris, TS and Compton, SN and Gosch,
             E and Ginsburg, GS and Pinney, EL and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {Substance use outcomes from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS).},
   Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
   Year = {2024},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13926},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Substance use problems and anxiety disorders are
             both highly prevalent and frequently cooccur in youth. The
             present study examined the benefits of successful anxiety
             treatment at 3-12 years after treatment completion on
             substance use outcomes (i.e. diagnoses and lifetime expected
             use). METHODS: The sample was from the Child/Adolescent
             Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS), a
             naturalistic follow-up study to the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study (CAMS) which randomized youth to cognitive
             behavioral therapy (CBT; Coping cat), medication
             (sertraline), their combination, or pill placebo. The first
             CAMELS visit occurred an average of 6.5 years following
             CAMS randomization. Participants were 319 youth (65.4% of
             the CAMS sample), aged 7-17 years at CAMS baseline
             assessment with a mean age of 17.6 years (range:
             11-26 years) at the time of the first CAMELS follow-up.
             Substance use outcomes included diagnoses as well as
             lifetime substance use (i.e. alcohol and tobacco use).
             RESULTS: Eleven of 319 (3.4%) CAMELS participants were
             diagnosed with a substance use disorder at the initial
             follow-up visit. When compared to the population lifetime
             rate of 11.4%, the rate of diagnoses in the posttreated
             sample was significantly lower. Additionally, rates of
             lifetime alcohol use were lower than population rates at the
             initial and final follow-up visits. Rates of lifetime
             tobacco use were similarly lower than lifetime population
             rates at the initial visit (driven by significantly lower
             rates in the CBT treatment condition), but higher by the
             final visit. Furthermore, treatment remission (but not
             treatment response) was associated with a lower rate of
             substance use diagnoses at the initial follow-up visit,
             although rates of lifetime alcohol and tobacco use did not
             differ by treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety treatments
             confer a beneficial impact on problematic substance use
             (i.e. diagnoses) as well as on expected substance use (i.e.
             alcohol and tobacco use) for on average, a period of
             6.5 years.},
   Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13926},
   Key = {fds375366}
}

@article{fds346443,
   Author = {Cervin, M and Storch, EA and Piacentini, J and Birmaher, B and Compton,
             SN and Albano, AM and Gosch, E and Walkup, JT and Kendall,
             PC},
   Title = {Symptom-specific effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy,
             sertraline, and their combination in a large randomized
             controlled trial of pediatric anxiety disorders.},
   Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
   Volume = {61},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {492-502},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {April},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13124},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pediatric anxiety disorders are highly prevalent
             and associated with significant functional disabilities and
             lifelong morbidity. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),
             sertraline, and their combination are effective treatments,
             but little is known about how these treatments exert their
             effects. METHODS: Using network intervention analysis (NIA),
             we analyzed data from the largest randomized controlled
             treatment trial of pediatric anxiety disorders
             (Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study, NCT00052078,
             clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00052078) and outlined the
             causal symptom domain-specific effects of CBT, sertraline,
             and their combination over the course of the 12-week
             treatment while taking into account both specificity and
             overlap between symptom domains. RESULTS: All active
             treatments produced positive effects with the most
             pronounced and consistent effects emerging in relation to
             psychological distress, family interference, and avoidance.
             Psychological distress was consistently the most and
             physical symptoms the least central symptom domain in the
             disorder network. CONCLUSIONS: All active treatments showed
             beneficial effects when compared to placebo, and NIA
             identified that these effects were exerted similarly across
             treatments and primarily through a reduction of
             psychological distress, family interference, and avoidance.
             CBT and sertraline may have differential mechanisms of
             action in relation to psychological distress. Given the lack
             of causal effects on interference outside family and
             physical symptoms, interventions tailored to target these
             domains may aid in the building of more effective
             treatments. Psychological distress and avoidance should
             remain key treatment focuses because of their central roles
             in the disorder network. The findings inform and promote
             developing more effective interventions.},
   Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13124},
   Key = {fds346443}
}

@article{fds271475,
   Author = {Walkup, JT and Compton, SN and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {The authors reply},
   Journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
   Volume = {360},
   Number = {23},
   Pages = {2477},
   Publisher = {MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {0028-4793},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc090635},
   Doi = {10.1056/NEJMc090635},
   Key = {fds271475}
}

@article{fds271495,
   Author = {March, JS and Silva, SG and Compton, S and Shapiro, M and Califf, R and Krishnan, R},
   Title = {The case for practical clinical trials in
             psychiatry.},
   Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
   Volume = {162},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {836-846},
   Year = {2005},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0002-953X},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863782},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Clinical trials in psychiatry frequently fail to
             maximize clinical utility for practicing clinicians, or,
             stated differently, available evidence is not perceived by
             clinicians (and other decision makers) as sufficiently
             relevant to clinical practice, thereby diluting its impact.
             To attain maximum clinical relevance and acceptability,
             researchers must conduct clinical trials designed to meet
             the needs of clinicians and others who are making decisions
             about patients' care. The authors present the case for
             psychiatry's adoption of the practical clinical trials
             model, which is widely used in research in other areas of
             medicine. METHOD: The authors outline the characteristics
             and scope of practical clinical trials, give examples of
             practical clinical trials, and discuss the challenges of
             using the practical clinical trials model in psychiatry,
             including issues of funding. RESULTS: Practical clinical
             trials, which are intended to provide generalizable answers
             to important clinical questions without bias, are
             characterized by eight key features: a straightforward
             clinically relevant question, a representative sample of
             patients and practice settings, sufficient power to identify
             modest clinically relevant effects, randomization to protect
             against bias, clinical uncertainty regarding the outcome of
             treatment at the patient level, assessment and treatment
             protocols that enact best clinical practices, simple and
             clinically relevant outcomes, and limited subject and
             investigator burden. CONCLUSIONS: To implement the practical
             clinical trials model in psychiatry will require stable
             funding for network construction and maintenance plus
             methodological innovation in governance and trial selection,
             assessment, treatment, data management, site management, and
             data analytic procedures.},
   Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.162.5.836},
   Key = {fds271495}
}

@article{fds271494,
   Author = {March, JS and Silva, SG and Compton, S and Anthony, G and DeVeaugh-Geiss, J and Califf, R and Krishnan, R},
   Title = {The Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials Network
             (CAPTN).},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {43},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {515-518},
   Year = {2004},
   Month = {May},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15100557},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The current generation of clinical trials in
             pediatric psychiatry often fails to maximize clinical
             utility for practicing clinicians, thereby diluting its
             impact. METHOD: To attain maximum clinical relevance and
             acceptability, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials
             Network (CAPTN) will transport to pediatric psychiatry the
             practical clinical trials model widely used in other areas
             of medicine. RESULTS: CAPTN, a collaborative effort of the
             Duke Clinical Research Institute and the American Academy of
             Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, will conduct large, simple
             "practical" trials that provide generalizable answers to
             important clinical questions without bias. "Large" in this
             case means the random allocation of thousands of patients in
             hundreds of clinical centers to different treatments as they
             are delivered in community settings. "Simple" means that the
             number and type of data elements (and, hence, subject and
             investigator burden) is small and straightforward so as not
             to discourage provider or patient participation and to
             maximize the number of subjects per dollar spent.
             CONCLUSION: With 200 to 400 child and adolescent
             psychiatrists each participating in two or three practical
             clinical trials over 4 years, CAPTN promises to advance both
             the evidence base and research capacity in child and
             adolescent psychiatry.},
   Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200405000-00004},
   Key = {fds271494}
}

@article{fds271493,
   Author = {Shapiro, M and Silva, SG and Compton, S and Chrisman, A and DeVeaugh-Geiss, J and Breland-Noble, A and Kondo, D and Kirchner, J and March, JS},
   Title = {The child and adolescent psychiatry trials network (CAPTN):
             infrastructure development and lessons learned.},
   Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
   Volume = {3},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {12},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {March},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19320979},
   Abstract = {BACKGROUND: In 2003, the National Institute of Mental Health
             funded the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials Network
             (CAPTN) under the Advanced Center for Services and
             Intervention Research (ACSIR) mechanism. At the time, CAPTN
             was believed to be both a highly innovative undertaking and
             a highly speculative one. One reviewer even suggested that
             CAPTN was "unlikely to succeed, but would be a valuable
             learning experience for the field." OBJECTIVE: To describe
             valuable lessons learned in building a clinical research
             network in pediatric psychiatry, including innovations
             intended to decrease barriers to research participation.
             METHODS: The CAPTN Team has completed construction of the
             CAPTN network infrastructure, conducted a large,
             multi-center psychometric study of a novel adverse event
             reporting tool, and initiated a large antidepressant safety
             registry and linked pharmacogenomic study focused on severe
             adverse events. Specific challenges overcome included
             establishing structures for network organization and
             governance; recruiting over 150 active CAPTN participants
             and 15 child psychiatry training programs; developing and
             implementing procedures for site contracts, regulatory
             compliance, indemnification and malpractice coverage, human
             subjects protection training and IRB approval; and
             constructing an innovative electronic casa report form
             (eCRF) running on a web-based electronic data capture
             system; and, finally, establishing procedures for audit
             trail oversight requirements put forward by, among others,
             the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). CONCLUSION: Given
             stable funding for network construction and maintenance, our
             experience demonstrates that judicious use of web-based
             technologies for profiling investigators, investigator
             training, and capturing clinical trials data, when coupled
             to innovative approaches to network governance, data
             management and site management, can reduce the costs and
             burden and improve the feasibility of incorporating clinical
             research into routine clinical practice. Having successfully
             achieved its initial aim of constructing a network
             infrastructure, CAPTN is now a capable platform for large
             safety registries, pharmacogenetic studies, and randomized
             practical clinical trials in pediatric psychiatry.},
   Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-3-12},
   Key = {fds271493}
}

@article{fds352831,
   Author = {Jensen, S and Hybel, KA and Højgaard, DRMA and Nissen, JB and Skarphedinsson, G and Torp, NC and Ivarsson, T and Weidle, B and Mortensen, EL and Carlsen, AH and Melin, K and Compton, S and Thomsen,
             PH},
   Title = {The Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale's
             auxiliary items: Long-term outcome},
   Journal = {Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
             Disorders},
   Volume = {27},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100589},
   Abstract = {Objective: Standard assessment of pediatric
             obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients includes
             ratings of insight, avoidance, indecisiveness, sense of
             responsibility, pervasive slowness, pathological doubting,
             and obsession-free intervals. The present study aims to
             identify pre-treatment associations of these clinical
             features to symptom severity and symptom dimensions as well
             as to describe and analyze the long-term levels and
             distribution in different treatment responder groups.
             Method: Severity ratings as well as clinical feature ratings
             were evaluated in 268 pediatric OCD patients using the
             Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)
             at seven time points before, during, and up to three years
             after first-line cognitive-behavioral therapy. The CY-BOCS
             auxiliary items were evaluated on the basis of three symptom
             severity trajectory classes: acute, slow, and limited
             responders. Results: Insight, avoidance, pervasive slowness,
             and obsession-free intervals were positively associated with
             pre-treatment symptom severity. Symptom dimensions were
             associated with different auxiliary items. At three-year
             follow-up, the limited responder class had higher scores
             than the acute and slow responder classes on all items
             except for responsibility. Conclusion: The CY-BOCS auxiliary
             items are closely related to symptom dimensions and partly
             to symptom severity. The features appear to be dynamic
             concepts prone to change, yet, less so in patients showing
             limited long-term treatment response.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100589},
   Key = {fds352831}
}

@article{fds343375,
   Author = {Sanchez, AL and Comer, JS and Coxe, S and Albano, AM and Piacentini, J and Compton, SN and Ginsburg, GS and Rynn, MA and Walkup, JT and Sakolsky,
             DJ and Birmaher, B and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {The Effects of Youth Anxiety Treatment on School Impairment:
             Differential Outcomes Across CBT, Sertraline, and their
             Combination.},
   Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
   Volume = {50},
   Number = {6},
   Pages = {940-949},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00896-3},
   Abstract = {Youth anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and are
             associated with considerable school impairment. Despite the
             identification of well-supported strategies for treating
             youth anxiety, research has yet to evaluate the differential
             effects of these treatments on anxiety-related school
             impairment. The present study leveraged data from the
             Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study to examine
             differential treatment effects of CBT, sertraline, and their
             combination (COMB), relative to placebo (PBO), on
             anxiety-related school impairment among youth (N = 488).
             Latent growth modeling revealed that all three active
             treatments demonstrated superiority over PBO in reducing
             anxiety-related school impairment over time, with COMB
             showing the most robust effects. According to parent report,
             medication strategies may have stronger effects on
             anxiety-related school impairment among males than among
             females. Results were discrepant across parents and youth.
             Findings are discussed in terms of clinical implications for
             anxious youth and the need for continued research to examine
             treatment effects on anxiety-related school
             impairment.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10578-019-00896-3},
   Key = {fds343375}
}

@article{fds345915,
   Author = {O'Rourke, SR and Branford, KR and Brooks, TL and Ives, LT and Nagendran,
             A and Compton, SN},
   Title = {The Emotional and Behavioral Impact of Delivering Bad News
             to Virtual versus Real Standardized Patients: A Pilot
             Study.},
   Journal = {Teach Learn Med},
   Volume = {32},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {139-149},
   Year = {2020},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2019.1652180},
   Abstract = {Phenomenon: Virtual standardized patients (vSPs) are
             becoming increasingly common in medical education, though
             one limitation of vSPs is the artificiality of
             computer-based simulators. Past research on the use of vSPs
             has not clearly established whether learners have different
             emotional responses to real SPs (rSPs) compared with vSPs;
             however, understanding learners' emotional responses to vSPs
             is important in providing realistic learning experiences and
             establishing the validity of this teaching and assessment
             tool. This study compared the emotional experiences of
             individuals who interacted with rSPs and vSPs. Approach:
             Sixty medical students at a medical school in the
             southeastern United States participated in the study.
             Participants were randomly assigned to deliver bad news to
             an rSP or vSP. The vSP for this study used a hybrid
             intelligence model that allowed a person to "inhabit" the
             vSP. Salivary cortisol and a self-report measure of mood-the
             Profile of Mood States, Second Edition (POMS 2)-were
             gathered before and after delivering the bad news. The SP
             and 2 independent evaluators rated the behavioral
             performance of each participant in real and virtual
             conditions. Participants also rated the performance of the
             SP. Findings: Participants in both conditions reported
             increased negative emotionality on the POMS 2 following the
             SP interaction. There were no significant between-group
             differences on the POMS 2 or salivary cortisol concentration
             following the SP interaction. Ratings by the SP and
             independent evaluators indicated that participants performed
             similarly on most interpersonal dimensions, except tone of
             voice. Participants perceived the vSP as less realistic than
             the rSP. Insights: These results suggest that medical
             students may have similar emotional and behavioral responses
             when delivering bad news to a vSP when compared to an rSP.
             These findings provide support for the continued use of vSPs
             in training learners to deliver bad news and other
             communication-based skills and to assess their performance
             on these tasks.},
   Doi = {10.1080/10401334.2019.1652180},
   Key = {fds345915}
}

@article{fds271482,
   Author = {Conelea, CA and Woods, DW and Zinner, SH and Budman, CL and Murphy, TK and Scahill, LD and Compton, SN and Walkup, JT},
   Title = {The impact of Tourette Syndrome in adults: results from the
             Tourette Syndrome impact survey.},
   Journal = {Community Ment Health J},
   Volume = {49},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {110-120},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0010-3853},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-011-9465-y},
   Abstract = {Chronic tic disorders (CTD) are characterized by motor
             and/or vocal tics. Existing data on the impact of tics in
             adulthood is limited by small, treatment-seeking samples or
             by data aggregated across adults and children. The current
             study explored the functional impact of tics in adults using
             a nationwide sample of 672 participants with a self-reported
             CTD. The impact of tics on physical, social,
             occupational/academic, and psychological functioning was
             assessed. Results suggested mild to moderate functional
             impairment and positive correlations between impairment and
             tic severity. Notable portions of the sample reported social
             or public avoidance and experiences of discrimination
             resulting from tics. Compared to previously reported
             population norms, participants had more psychological
             difficulties, greater disability, and lower quality of life.
             The current study suggests that CTDs can adversely impact
             functioning in adults and highlights the need for clinical
             interventions and systemic efforts to address tic-related
             impairments.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10597-011-9465-y},
   Key = {fds271482}
}

@article{fds345469,
   Author = {Wu, MS and Caporino, NE and Peris, TS and Pérez, J and Thamrin, H and Albano, AM and Kendall, PC and Walkup, JT and Birmaher, B and Compton,
             SN and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {The Impact of Treatment Expectations on Exposure Process and
             Treatment Outcome in Childhood Anxiety Disorders.},
   Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {1},
   Pages = {79-89},
   Year = {2020},
   Month = {January},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00574-x},
   Abstract = {This study examined the relationship between caregivers' and
             youths' treatment expectations and characteristics of
             exposure tasks (quantity, mastery, compliance) in
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety.
             Additionally, compliance with exposure tasks was tested as a
             mediator of the relationship between treatment expectations
             and symptom improvement. Data were from youth (N = 279;
             7-17 years old) enrolled in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety
             Multimodal Study (CAMS) and randomized to
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or the combination of CBT
             and sertraline for the treatment of separation anxiety
             disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia.
             Caregivers and youth independently reported treatment
             expectations prior to randomization, anxiety was assessed
             pre- and post-treatment by independent evaluators blind to
             treatment condition, and exposure characteristics were
             recorded by the cognitive-behavioral therapists following
             each session. For both caregivers and youths, more positive
             expectations that anxiety would improve with treatment were
             associated with greater compliance with exposure tasks, and
             compliance mediated the relationship between treatment
             expectations and change in anxiety symptoms following
             treatment. Additionally, more positive parent treatment
             expectations were related to a greater number and percentage
             of sessions with exposure. More positive youth treatment
             expectations were associated with greater mastery during
             sessions focused on exposure. Findings underscore the
             importance of addressing parents' and youths' treatment
             expectations at the outset of therapy to facilitate
             engagement in exposure and maximize therapeutic
             gains.},
   Doi = {10.1007/s10802-019-00574-x},
   Key = {fds345469}
}

@article{fds336056,
   Author = {Kiff, CJ and Ernestus, S and Gonzalez, A and Kendall, PC and Albano, AM and Compton, SN and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, GS and Rynn, M and Walkup, JT and McCracken, J and Piacentini, J},
   Title = {The Interplay of Familial and Individual Risk in Predicting
             Clinical Improvements in Pediatric Anxiety
             Disorders.},
   Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
   Volume = {47},
   Number = {sup1},
   Pages = {S542-S554},
   Year = {2018},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1460848},
   Abstract = {Bioecological models of developmental psychopathology
             underscore the role of familial experiences of adversity and
             children's individual-level characteristics in heightening
             risk for pediatric anxiety through direct, combined, and
             interactive effects. To date, much of the existing research
             dedicated to pediatric anxiety disorders has largely been
             examined in bioecological models of diathesis-stress using
             community samples. This study extends our understanding of
             children's differential responsiveness to familial adversity
             by examining the diathesis-stress interaction of cumulative
             risk and children's individual-level vulnerabilities
             (negative affectivity and coping efficacy) within a
             clinic-referred treatment study for pediatric anxiety
             disorders. A cumulative risk index assessing exposure to
             familial adversity (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES], parent
             psychiatric illness) and self-reported measures of
             children's negative affectivity and coping efficacy were
             each measured at the intake of a randomized controlled
             clinical trial for the treatment of pediatric anxiety
             disorders (N = 488; 7-17 years of age). Trajectories of
             interviewer-rated anxiety symptoms were assessed across 12
             weeks of treatment at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and
             12 weeks. Consistent with models of temperamental risk for
             mental health problems, negative affectivity predicted
             higher anxiety symptoms at intake. A significant
             diathesis-stress interaction between cumulative risk and
             coping efficacy emerged, as high risk and perceptions of
             lower coping efficacy attenuated declines in anxiety across
             12 weeks. These patterns did not differ across treatment
             conditions. The results indicate that for youth experiencing
             high levels of stress, additional treatment efforts
             targeting familial stressors and coping efficacy may be
             important in maximizing treatment outcomes.},
   Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2018.1460848},
   Key = {fds336056}
}

@article{fds354286,
   Author = {Cervin, M and Norris, LA and Ginsburg, G and Gosch, EA and Compton, SN and Piacentini, J and Albano, AM and Sakolsky, D and Birmaher, B and Keeton,
             C and Storch, EA and Kendall, PC},
   Title = {The p Factor Consistently Predicts Long-Term Psychiatric and
             Functional Outcomes in Anxiety-Disordered
             Youth.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {60},
   Number = {7},
   Pages = {902-912.e5},
   Year = {2021},
   Month = {July},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.440},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Pediatric anxiety disorders can have a chronic
             course and are considered gateway disorders to adult
             psychopathology, but no consistent predictors of long-term
             outcome have been identified. A single latent symptom
             dimension that reflects features shared by all mental health
             disorders, the p factor, is thought to reflect mechanisms
             that cut across mental disorders. Whether p predicts outcome
             in youth with psychiatric disorders has not been examined.
             We tested whether the p factor predicted long-term
             psychiatric and functional outcomes in a large,
             naturalistically followed-up cohort of anxiety-disordered
             youth. METHOD: Children and adolescents enrolled in a
             randomized controlled treatment trial of pediatric anxiety
             were followed-up on average 6 years posttreatment and then
             annually for 4 years. Structural equation modeling was used
             to estimate p at baseline. Both p and previously established
             predictors were modeled as predictors of long-term outcome.
             RESULTS: Higher levels of p at baseline were related to more
             mental health disorders, poorer functioning, and greater
             impairment across all measures at all follow-up time points.
             p Predicted outcome above and beyond previously identified
             predictors, including diagnostic comorbidity at baseline.
             Post hoc analyses showed that p predicted long-term anxiety
             outcome, but not acute treatment outcome, suggesting that p
             may be uniquely associated with long-term outcome.
             CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
             who present with a liability toward broad mental health
             problems may be at a higher risk for poor long-term outcome
             across mental health and functional domains. Efforts to
             assess and to address this broad liability may enhance
             long-term outcome.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.440},
   Key = {fds354286}
}

@article{fds327209,
   Author = {THE RESEARCH UNITS ON PEDIATRIC PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (RUPP)
             ANXIETY STUDY GROUP},
   Title = {The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS): development and
             psychometric properties.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {41},
   Number = {9},
   Pages = {1061-1069},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2002},
   Month = {September},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200209000-00006},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and psychometric
             properties of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS), a
             clinician-rated instrument for assessing the severity of
             anxiety symptoms associated with common DSM-IV anxiety
             disorders (social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, and
             generalized anxiety disorder) in children. METHOD: As part
             of a multisite study of the efficacy of fluvoxamine, 128
             children (aged 6-17) and their parents were interviewed
             weekly with the PARS. Data from multiple raters on a
             subsample of children (using live and videotaped interviews)
             were used to evaluate interrater reliability. Internal
             consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity
             (convergent, divergent) also were evaluated. RESULTS: The
             PARS showed high interrater reliability, adequate
             test-retest reliability, and fair internal consistency.
             Convergent and divergent validity were satisfactory. PARS
             scores were sensitive to treatment and paralleled change in
             other measures of anxiety symptoms and global improvement.
             CONCLUSIONS: The PARS is a useful clinician-rated instrument
             for assessing pediatric anxiety symptoms, severity, and
             impairment, particularly in treatment studies. Further study
             of the psychometric properties is warranted.},
   Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200209000-00006},
   Key = {fds327209}
}

@article{fds370239,
   Author = {Ong, CW and Woods, DW and Franklin, ME and Saunders, SM and Neal-Barnett, AM and Compton, SN and Twohig, MP},
   Title = {The role of psychological flexibility in acceptance-enhanced
             behavior therapy for trichotillomania: Moderation and
             mediation findings.},
   Journal = {Behav Res Ther},
   Volume = {164},
   Pages = {104302},
   Year = {2023},
   Month = {May},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302},
   Abstract = {Trichotillomania is characterized by recurrent pulling out
             of one's hair, leading to significant hair loss and
             accompanied by clinically significant distress and/or
             functional impairment. The current study used data from a
             randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of
             acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) to
             psychoeducation plus supportive therapy (PST; active
             control) for trichotillomania in an adult sample. The
             objectives were to examine the moderating and mediating
             influence of trichotillomania-specific psychological
             flexibility in treatment for trichotillomania. Participants
             with lower baseline flexibility performed better in AEBT
             than PST in terms of greater symptom reduction and quality
             of life. Lower baseline flexibility also predicted higher
             likelihood of disorder recovery in AEBT relative to PST. In
             addition, relative to PST, symptom reduction in AEBT was
             mediated by psychological flexibility, controlling for
             anxiety and depression. These findings suggest that
             psychological flexibility is a relevant process of change in
             the treatment of trichotillomania. Clinical implications and
             directions for future research are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302},
   Key = {fds370239}
}

@article{fds271484,
   Author = {Lewin, AB and Storch, EA and Conelea, CA and Woods, DW and Zinner, SH and Budman, CL and Scahill, LD and Compton, SN and Walkup, JT and Murphy,
             TK},
   Title = {The roles of anxiety and depression in connecting tic
             severity and functional impairment.},
   Journal = {J Anxiety Disord},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {164-168},
   Year = {2011},
   Month = {March},
   ISSN = {0887-6185},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.016},
   Abstract = {The current study examined relationships between tic
             severity and both functional impairment and perceived
             quality of life (QOL) in adults with a chronic tic disorder.
             The authors explored whether these relationships were
             moderated by anxiety and depressive symptoms. Five-hundred
             adults with Tourette's Disorder, Chronic Motor Tic Disorder,
             or Chronic Vocal Tic Disorder participated in a
             comprehensive self-report internet-based survey. Anxiety and
             depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between tic
             severity and functional impairment such that stronger
             relationships were documented in participants with elevated
             depressive or anxious symptoms. Limitations and implications
             for research and clinical practice are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.016},
   Key = {fds271484}
}

@article{fds302632,
   Author = {Cummings, CM and Caporino, NE and Settipani, CA and Read, KL and Compton, SN and March, J and Sherrill, J and Piacentini, J and McCracken, J and Walkup, JT and Ginsburg, G and Albano, AM and Rynn, M and Birmaher, B and Sakolsky, D and Gosch, E and Keeton, C and Kendall,
             PC},
   Title = {The therapeutic relationship in cognitive-behavioral therapy
             and pharmacotherapy for anxious youth.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {81},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {859-864},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {October},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000324780500012&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the therapeutic relationship with
             cognitive-behavioral therapists and with pharmacotherapists
             for youth from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study
             (Walkup et al., 2008). The therapeutic relationship was
             examined in relation to treatment outcomes. METHOD:
             Participants were 488 youth (ages 7-17 years; 50% male)
             randomized to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; Coping
             Cat), pharmacotherapy (sertraline), their combination, or
             placebo pill. Participants met criteria for generalized
             anxiety disorder, social phobia, and/or separation anxiety
             disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
             of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric
             Association, 1994). The therapeutic relationship was
             assessed by youth report at Weeks 6 and 12 of treatment
             using the Child's Perception of Therapeutic Relationship
             scale (Kendall et al., 1997). Outcome measures (Pediatric
             Anxiety Rating Scale; Research Units on Pediatric
             Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group, 2002; and Clinical
             Global Impressions Scales; Guy, 1976) were completed by
             independent evaluators blind to condition. RESULTS: For
             youth who received CBT only, a stronger therapeutic
             relationship predicted positive treatment outcome. In
             contrast, the therapeutic relationship did not predict
             outcome for youth receiving sertraline, combined treatment,
             or placebo. CONCLUSION: A therapeutic relationship may be
             important for anxious youth who receive CBT
             alone.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0033294},
   Key = {fds302632}
}

@article{fds271478,
   Author = {Brent, DA and Greenhill, LL and Compton, S and Emslie, G and Wells, K and Walkup, JT and Vitiello, B and Bukstein, O and Stanley, B and Posner, K and Kennard, BD and Cwik, MF and Wagner, A and Coffey, B and March, JS and Riddle, M and Goldstein, T and Curry, J and Barnett, S and Capasso, L and Zelazny, J and Hughes, J and Shen, S and Gugga, SS and Turner,
             JB},
   Title = {The Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters study (TASA):
             predictors of suicidal events in an open treatment
             trial.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {48},
   Number = {10},
   Pages = {987-996},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19730274},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of suicidal events and
             attempts in adolescent suicide attempters with depression
             treated in an open treatment trial. METHOD: Adolescents who
             had made a recent suicide attempt and had unipolar
             depression (n =124) were either randomized (n = 22) or given
             a choice (n = 102) among three conditions. Two participants
             withdrew before treatment assignment. The remaining 124
             youths received a specialized psychotherapy for suicide
             attempting adolescents (n = 17), a medication algorithm (n =
             14), or the combination (n = 93). The participants were
             followed up 6 months after intake with respect to rate,
             timing, and predictors of a suicidal event (attempt or acute
             suicidal ideation necessitating emergency referral).
             RESULTS: The morbid risks of suicidal events and attempts on
             6-month follow-up were 0.19 and 0.12, respectively, with a
             median time to event of 44 days. Higher self-rated
             depression, suicidal ideation, family income, greater number
             of previous suicide attempts, lower maximum lethality of
             previous attempt, history of sexual abuse, and lower family
             cohesion predicted the occurrence, and earlier time to
             event, with similar findings for the outcome of attempts. A
             slower decline in suicidal ideation was associated with the
             occurrence of a suicidal event. CONCLUSIONS: In this open
             trial, the 6-month morbid risks for suicidal events and for
             reattempts were lower than those in other comparable
             samples, suggesting that this intervention should be studied
             further. Important treatment targets include suicidal
             ideation, family cohesion, and sequelae of previous abuse.
             Because 40% of events occurred with 4 weeks of intake, an
             emphasis on safety planning and increased therapeutic
             contact early in treatment may be warranted.},
   Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbe4},
   Key = {fds271478}
}

@article{fds271458,
   Author = {Podell, JL and Kendall, PC and Gosch, EA and Compton, SN and March, JS and Albano, A-M and Rynn, MA and Walkup, JT and Sherrill, JT and Ginsburg,
             GS and Keeton, CP and Birmaher, B and Piacentini,
             JC},
   Title = {Therapist Factors and Outcomes in CBT for Anxiety in
             Youth.},
   Journal = {Prof Psychol Res Pr},
   Volume = {44},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {89-98},
   Year = {2013},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0735-7028},
   url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318146500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
   Abstract = {This study examined the relationship between therapist
             factors and child outcomes in anxious youth who received
             cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of the
             Child-Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS). Of the 488
             youth who participated in the CAMS project, 279 were
             randomly assigned to one of the CBT conditions (CBT only or
             CBT plus sertraline). Participants included youth (ages
             7-17; M = 10.76) who met criteria for a principal anxiety
             disorder. Therapists included 38 cognitive-behavioral
             therapists. Therapist style, treatment integrity, and
             therapist experience were examined in relation to child
             outcome. Child outcome was measured via child, parent, and
             independent evaluator report. Therapists who were more
             collaborative and empathic, followed the treatment manual,
             and implemented it in a developmentally appropriate way had
             youth with better treatment outcomes. Therapist "coach"
             style was a significant predictor of child-reported outcome,
             with the collaborative "coach" style predicting fewer
             child-reported symptoms. Higher levels of therapist prior
             clinical experience and lower levels of prior
             anxiety-specific experience were significant predictors of
             better treatment outcome. Findings suggest that although all
             therapists used the same manual-guided treatment, therapist
             style, experience, and clinical skills were related to
             differences in child outcome. Clinical implications and
             recommendations for future research are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0031700},
   Key = {fds271458}
}

@article{fds330474,
   Author = {Peris, TS and Caporino, NE and O'Rourke, S and Kendall, PC and Walkup,
             JT and Albano, AM and Bergman, RL and McCracken, JT and Birmaher, B and Ginsburg, GS and Sakolsky, D and Piacentini, J and Compton,
             SN},
   Title = {Therapist-Reported Features of Exposure Tasks That Predict
             Differential Treatment Outcomes for Youth With
             Anxiety.},
   Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
   Volume = {56},
   Number = {12},
   Pages = {1043-1052},
   Year = {2017},
   Month = {December},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.001},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Exposure tasks are recognized widely as a key
             component of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for child
             and adolescent anxiety. However, little research has
             examined specific exposure characteristics that predict
             outcomes for youth with anxiety and that may guide its
             application in therapy. METHOD: This study draws on a sample
             of 279 children and adolescents (48.4% male; 79.6% white)
             with a principal anxiety disorder who received 14 sessions
             of CBT, either alone or in combination with medication,
             through the Child/adolescent Anxiety Multimodal treatment
             Study (CAMS). The present study examines therapist-reported
             quantity, difficulty level, compliance, and mastery of
             exposure tasks as they related to CBT response (i.e.,
             Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement ratings). Secondary
             treatment outcomes included reduction in anxiety symptom
             severity on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale, global
             impairment measured via the Children's Global Assessment
             Scale, and parent-report of anxiety-specific functional
             impairment on the Child Anxiety Impairment Scale. RESULTS:
             Regression analyses indicated a dose-response relationship
             between therapist-reported quantity of exposure and
             independent evaluations of treatment outcome, with more time
             devoted to exposure linked to better outcomes. Similarly,
             greater time spent on more difficult (rather than mild or
             moderate) exposure tasks predicted better outcomes, as did
             therapist ratings of child compliance and mastery.
             CONCLUSION: The present findings highlight the importance of
             challenging children and adolescents with difficult exposure
             tasks and of collaborating to ensure compliance and
             mastery.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.001},
   Key = {fds330474}
}

@article{fds302610,
   Author = {Skarphedinsson, G and Compton, S and Thomsen, PH and Weidle, B and Dahl,
             K and Nissen, JB and Torp, NC and Hybel, K and Melin, KH and Valderhaug, R and Wentzel-Larsen, T and Ivarsson, T},
   Title = {Tics Moderate Sertraline, but Not Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
             Response in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients
             Who Do Not Respond to Cognitive-Behavior
             Therapy.},
   Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
   Volume = {25},
   Number = {5},
   Pages = {432-439},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {June},
   ISSN = {1044-5463},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2014.0167},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate
             whether the presence of tic disorder is negatively
             associated with sertraline (SRT) outcomes, but not with
             continued cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), in a sample of
             youth who were unresponsive to an initial full course of
             CBT. METHODS: In the Nordic Long-Term OCD Study, children
             and adolescents with OCD who were rated as nonresponders to
             14 weeks of open-label CBT were randomized to continued CBT
             (n=28) or SRT treatment (n=22) for an additional 16 weeks of
             treatment. We investigated whether the presence or absence
             of comorbid tic disorder moderated treatment outcomes on the
             Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS).
             RESULTS: Twelve out of 50 (24.0%) participants were
             diagnosed with comorbid tic disorder, with 7 receiving
             continued CBT and 5 receiving SRT, respectively. In patients
             without tic disorder, results showed no significant
             between-group differences on average CY-BOCS scores.
             However, in patients with comorbid tic disorder, those who
             received SRT had significantly lower average CY-BOCS scores
             than those who received continued CBT. CONCLUSIONS: Children
             and adolescents with OCD and comorbid tic disorder, who are
             nonresponders to an initial 14 week course of CBT, may
             benefit more from a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) than
             from continued CBT.},
   Doi = {10.1089/cap.2014.0167},
   Key = {fds302610}
}

@article{fds302618,
   Author = {Peris, TS and Compton, SN and Kendall, PC and Birmaher, B and Sherrill,
             J and March, J and Gosch, E and Ginsburg, G and Rynn, M and McCracken, JT and Keeton, CP and Sakolsky, D and Suveg, C and Aschenbrand, S and Almirall,
             D and Iyengar, S and Walkup, JT and Albano, AM and Piacentini,
             J},
   Title = {Trajectories of change in youth anxiety during
             cognitive-behavior therapy.},
   Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
   Volume = {83},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {239-252},
   Year = {2015},
   Month = {April},
   ISSN = {0022-006X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038402},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the trajectory of youth
             anxiety following the introduction of specific
             cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) components: relaxation
             training, cognitive restructuring, and exposure tasks.
             METHOD: Four hundred eighty-eight youths ages 7-17 years
             (50% female; 74% ≤ 12 years) were randomly assigned to
             receive either CBT, sertraline (SRT), their combination
             (COMB), or pill placebo (PBO) as part of their participation
             in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS).
             Youths in the CBT conditions were evaluated weekly by
             therapists using the Clinical Global Impression
             Scale-Severity (CGI-S; Guy, 1976) and the Children's Global
             Assessment Scale (CGAS; Shaffer et al., 1983) and every 4
             weeks by blind independent evaluators (IEs) using the
             Pediatric Anxiety Ratings Scale (PARS; RUPP Anxiety Study
             Group, 2002). Youths in SRT and PBO were included as
             controls. RESULTS: Longitudinal discontinuity analyses
             indicated that the introduction of both cognitive
             restructuring (e.g., changing self-talk) and exposure tasks
             significantly accelerated the rate of progress on measures
             of symptom severity and global functioning moving forward in
             treatment; the introduction of relaxation training had
             limited impact. Counter to expectations, no strategy altered
             the rate of progress in the specific domain of anxiety that
             it was intended to target (i.e., somatic symptoms, anxious
             self-talk, avoidance behavior). CONCLUSIONS: Findings
             support CBT theory and suggest that cognitive restructuring
             and exposure tasks each make substantial contributions to
             improvement in youth anxiety. Implications for future
             research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database
             Record},
   Doi = {10.1037/a0038402},
   Key = {fds302618}
}

@article{fds323535,
   Author = {Houghton, DC and Mathew, AS and Twohig, MP and Saunders, SM and Franklin, ME and Compton, SN and Neal-Barnett, AM and Woods,
             DW},
   Title = {Trauma and trichotillomania: A tenuous relationship},
   Journal = {Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
             Disorders},
   Volume = {11},
   Pages = {91-95},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2016},
   Month = {October},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.09.003},
   Abstract = {Some have argued that hair pulling in trichotillomania (TTM)
             is triggered by traumatic events, but reliable evidence
             linking trauma to TTM is limited. However, research has
             shown that hair pulling is associated with emotion
             regulation, suggesting a connection between negative affect
             and TTM. We investigated the associations between trauma,
             negative affect, and hair pulling in a cross-sectional
             sample of treatment seeking adults with TTM (N=85). In the
             current study, participants’ self-reported traumatic
             experiences were assessed during a structured clinical
             interview, and participants completed several measures of
             hair pulling severity, global TTM severity, depression,
             anxiety, experiential avoidance, and quality of life. Those
             who experienced trauma had more depressive symptoms,
             increased experiential avoidance, and greater global TTM
             severity. Although the presence of a trauma history was not
             related to the severity of hair pulling symptoms in the past
             week, depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between
             traumatic experiences and global TTM severity. These
             findings cast doubt on the notion that TTM is directly
             linked to trauma, but suggest that trauma leads to negative
             affect that individuals cope with through hair pulling.
             Implications for the conceptualization and treatment of TTM
             are discussed.},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jocrd.2016.09.003},
   Key = {fds323535}
}

@article{fds336059,
   Author = {Bushnell, GA and Compton, SN and Dusetzina, SB and Gaynes, BN and Brookhart, MA and Walkup, JT and Rynn, MA and Stürmer,
             T},
   Title = {Treating Pediatric Anxiety: Initial Use of SSRIs and Other
             Antianxiety Prescription Medications.},
   Journal = {J Clin Psychiatry},
   Volume = {79},
   Number = {1},
   Year = {2018},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16m11415},
   Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Multiple pharmacotherapies for treating anxiety
             disorders exist, including selective serotonin reuptake
             inhibitors (SSRIs), the recommended first-line
             pharmacotherapy for pediatric anxiety. We sought to describe
             initial antianxiety medication use in children and estimate
             how long antianxiety medications were continued. METHODS: In
             a large commercial claims database, we identified children
             (3-17 years) initiating prescription antianxiety medication
             from 2004 to 2014 with a recent anxiety diagnosis (ICD-9-CM
             = 293.84, 300.0x, 300.2x, 300.3x, 309.21, 309.81, 313.23).
             We estimated the proportion of children initiating each
             medication class across the study period and used
             multivariable regression to evaluate factors associated with
             initiation with an SSRI. We evaluated treatment length for
             each initial medication class. RESULTS: Of 84,500 children
             initiating antianxiety medication, 70% initiated with an
             SSRI (63% [95% CI, 62%-63%] SSRI alone, 7% [95% CI, 7%-7%]
             SSRI + another antianxiety medication). Non-SSRI medications
             initiated included benzodiazepines (8%), non-SSRI
             antidepressants (7%), hydroxyzine (4%), and atypical
             antipsychotics (3%). Anxiety disorder, age, provider type,
             and comorbid diagnoses were associated with initial
             medication class. The proportion of children refilling their
             initial medication ranged from 19% (95% CI, 18%-20%) of
             hydroxyzine initiators and 25% (95% CI, 24%-26%) of
             benzodiazepine initiators to 81% (95% CI, 80%-81%) of SSRI
             initiators. Over half (55%, 95% CI, 55%-56%) of SSRI
             initiators continued SSRI treatment for 6 months.
             CONCLUSIONS: SSRIs are the most commonly used first-line
             medication for pediatric anxiety disorders, with about half
             of SSRI initiators continuing treatment for 6 months. Still,
             a third began therapy on a non-SSRI medication, for which
             there is limited evidence of effectiveness for pediatric
             anxiety, and a notable proportion of children initiated with
             2 antianxiety medication classes.},
   Doi = {10.4088/JCP.16m11415},
   Key = {fds336059}
}

@article{fds271476,
   Author = {Walkup, JT and Compton, S},
   Title = {Use of Antidepressants in Children: Is It Time for a
             Comparative Effectiveness Trial? Deputy Editor's
             Comment},
   Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
             Psychiatry},
   Volume = {49},
   Number = {2},
   Pages = {186-188},
   Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
   Year = {2010},
   Month = {February},
   ISSN = {0890-8567},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2009.11.007},
   Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2009.11.007},
   Key = {fds271476}
}

@article{fds271469,
   Author = {Franklin, M and Cahill, SP and Compton, SN},
   Title = {What is the question? A comment on "investigating treatment
             mediators when simple random assignment to a control group
             is not possible"},
   Journal = {Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice},
   Volume = {13},
   Number = {4},
   Pages = {337-341},
   Publisher = {WILEY},
   Year = {2006},
   Month = {December},
   ISSN = {0969-5893},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00046.x},
   Abstract = {Debate about psychotherapy research methods in the last
             decade has helped to highlight important issues related to
             the clinical utility of randomized controlled trials. Out of
             this debate, significant recent advances have been made in
             using randomized designs to examine treatment efficacy in
             settings more akin to those in the "real world" where most
             patients access mental health care. Doss and Atkins (2006)
             accurately note several potential limitations of
             treatment-treatment designs for testing mediation,
             especially when the same mediator may be operating in both
             active treatments, and they propose several ways that
             correlational methods can be useful in pursuing mediational
             hypotheses. These proposed methods are discussed and, using
             several specific psychotherapy research examples, the
             continuing relevance of randomized designs in answering
             specific questions about causality is underscored. © 2006
             American Psychological Association.},
   Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00046.x},
   Key = {fds271469}
}


%% Books   
@book{fds348810,
   Author = {Compton, SN and Kristensen, H and Villabø, MA},
   Title = {Pediatric anxiety disorders},
   Pages = {1-551},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9780128130056},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-04425-X},
   Abstract = {Pediatric Anxiety Disorders provides a critical, updated and
             comprehensive overview of anxiety disorders in children and
             adolescents based on the current state of empirical
             research. The book provides specific clinical
             recommendations which integrate new knowledge from
             neuroscience and innovative delivery formats for
             interventions. This is the first reference to examine
             anxiety diagnoses in accordance with the latest edition of
             the DSM-5, including childhood onset disorders, such as
             Separation Anxiety Disorder, Selective Mutism, Specific
             Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia
             and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The book assists
             clinicians in critically appraising the certainty of the
             evidence-base and the strength of clinical
             recommendations.},
   Doi = {10.1016/C2016-0-04425-X},
   Key = {fds348810}
}


%% Chapters in Books   
@misc{fds302615,
   Author = {Burns, BJ and Compton, SN and Egger, HL and Fanner, EMZ and Robertson,
             EB},
   Title = {An Annotated Bibliography of Evidence for
             Diagnostic-Specific Psychosocial and Psychopharmacological
             Interventions},
   Pages = {212-276},
   Booktitle = {Community Treatment for Youth: Evidence-Based Interventions
             for Severe Emotional and Behavioral Disorders},
   Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
   Year = {2009},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9780195134575},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0011},
   Abstract = {This chapter presents the evidence base for clinic and
             school-based interventions for four common childhood
             disorders or related symptom patterns: attention-deficit/hyperactivity
             disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), disruptive
             behavior disorders, and anxiety disorders and related
             symptoms. It shows that within the existing base for each
             disorder, psychosocial interventions include an array of
             behavioral approaches. The psychopharmacology evidence base
             is strongest for ADHD, weaker for other disorders, and
             virtually nonexistent for anxiety disorders. Adjunctive
             studies examining a combination of psychosocial and
             psychopharmacological interventions were rare, with the
             largest and most sophisticated one for ADHD.},
   Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0011},
   Key = {fds302615}
}

@misc{fds348811,
   Author = {Villabø, MA and Compton, SN},
   Title = {Cognitive behavioral therapy},
   Pages = {317-334},
   Booktitle = {Pediatric Anxiety Disorders},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {January},
   ISBN = {9780128130056},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813004-9.00015-3},
   Abstract = {In this chapter, we provide an overview of the theoretical
             foundations of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for
             pediatric anxiety disorders. Building on principles from
             classical and operant conditioning paired with cognitive and
             social learning theories, treatment principles for anxiety
             disorders have been developed. We describe core CBT
             principles and provide examples of how these can be applied
             in clinical practice with anxious youth. Although the
             empirical support for the effectiveness and efficacy of CBT
             for pediatric anxiety disorders is strong, there is still
             room for improvement. We discuss some recent developments
             and point to areas in need of more research.},
   Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-813004-9.00015-3},
   Key = {fds348811}
}

@misc{fds348809,
   Author = {Almeida, CES and Lopes, RD and Guimaraes, HP},
   Title = {Introduction},
   Pages = {3-11},
   Booktitle = {Acid-base and Hydro-electrolytic Balance},
   Publisher = {Editora Atheneu},
   Year = {2005},
   ISBN = {9780128130056},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813004-9.00001-3},
   Abstract = {This introductory chapter presents an overview of the book,
             Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. We describe the purpose of this
             volume and provide a description of the included chapters,
             which are presented under the following section headings:
             Foundations; Disorders; Interventions; Special Issues. The
             contributors of the chapters in each section of the volume
             represent the most prominent names in the field of pediatric
             anxiety disorders, research, and evidence-based clinical
             treatment.},
   Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-813004-9.00001-3},
   Key = {fds348809}
}

@misc{fds369777,
   Author = {Merwin, R and O'Rourke, S and Ives, L and Harstad, S and Brooks,
             T},
   Title = {Third-wave cognitive behavioral therapies for the treatment
             of anxiety among children and adolescents},
   Booktitle = {Pediatric Anxiety Disorders},
   Publisher = {Academic Press},
   Editor = {Compton, S and Villabo, M and Kristensen, H},
   Year = {2019},
   Month = {March},
   ISBN = {9780128130056},
   Abstract = {This is the first reference to examine anxiety diagnoses in
             accordance with the latest edition of the DSM-5, including
             childhood onset disorders, such as Separation Anxiety
             Disorder, Selective Mutism, Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety
             ...},
   Key = {fds369777}
}


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