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| Publications of Karen C. Wells :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds359490,
Author = {Curry, JF and Kaminer, Y and Goldston, DB and Chan, G and Wells, KC and Burke, RH and Inscoe, AB and Meyer, AE and Cheek,
SM},
Title = {Adaptive Treatment for Youth With Substance Use and
Depression: Early Depression Response and Short-term
Outcomes.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {61},
Number = {4},
Pages = {508-519},
Year = {2022},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.807},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate prevalence and predictors of early
depression response (EDR) in adolescents with substance use
and depression receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
for substance use and to test the efficacy of supplemental
CBT targeting depression (CBT-D) for non-EDR adolescents in
an adaptive treatment approach. METHOD: At 2 sites, 95
youths (ages 14-21, mean [SD] = 17.4 [1.8]) with alcohol or
cannabis use and depressive symptoms received up to 12
sessions of CBT for substance use over 14 weeks. Assessments
were at baseline and weeks 4, 9, and 14. The Children's
Depression Rating Scale-Revised was the primary depression
measure, with a reduction of 50% or more on this scale at
week 4 defining EDR. The primary substance use outcomes of
alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, and cannabis use frequency
were assessed via interview report on the Alcohol
Consumption Questionnaire and the Drug Checklist. Urinalysis
provided a secondary measure of cannabis use. Non-EDR
adolescents were randomly assigned to supplemental CBT-D or
enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU). RESULTS: Thirty-five
adolescents (37%; 95% CI, 27%-47%) demonstrated EDR. Fewer
days of cannabis use (odds ratio 0.977; 95% CI, 0.961-0.992)
and absence of conduct disorder (odds ratio 0.149; 95% CI,
0.031-0.716) predicted EDR. Frequency of drinking (F1,82 =
11.09, η2 = 0.119, p = .001), heavy drinking (F1,82 =
19.91, η2 = 0.195, p < .0001), and cannabis use
(F1,220 = 35.01, η2 = 0.137, p < .001) decreased over
time for EDR, CBT-D, and ETAU adolescents, with EDR
adolescents evidencing earlier lower cannabis use (F2,220 =
4.16, η2 = 0.036, p = .0169). Negative (clean) urine
screens increased over time (F1,219 = 5.10, η2 = 0.023,
p = .0249). Comparison of CBT-D and ETAU indicated that
depression significantly decreased over time in both groups
(F1,48 = 64.20, η2 = 0.572, p < .001), with no advantage
for CBT-D. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of
adolescents with substance use and depression attain EDR
during substance use treatment. Less frequent cannabis use
facilitates depression response. The relatively small sample
may have precluded identification of additional EDR
predictors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION:
Treatment for Teens With Alcohol Abuse and Depression;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02227589.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.807},
Key = {fds359490}
}
@article{fds354152,
Author = {Doyle, O and Weller, BE and Goldston, DB and Breland-Noble, AM and Estroff, SE and Daniel, SS and Curry, JF and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Coping in the Aftermath of Youth's Suicidal Behaviors: A
Comparison of Black Mothers and White Mothers},
Journal = {Family Relations},
Volume = {70},
Number = {1},
Pages = {77-89},
Year = {2021},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12484},
Abstract = {Objective: To better understand Black mothers' and White
mothers' qualitative reactions to their adolescents'
hospitalizations due to suicide attempts. Background:
Caregivers of youth with suicidal behaviors play a vital
role in youth's subsequent treatment and recovery. Yet
little attention has been paid to how they are affected by
youth's psychiatric hospitalizations or how their reactions
may be influenced by race. Method: Twenty Black mothers
(Mage = 42.50; SD = 8.48) and 20 White mothers
(Mage = 44.85; SD = 6.86) were randomly selected from
data originally collected for a larger longitudinal, mixed
method, multisite study. Data analysis was informed by
grounded theory methodology. Results: Four themes emerged
from the data: mothers' emotional distress; mothers' coping,
needs, and supports; mothers' perceived need for increased
monitoring; and improved mother–child relationships.
Conclusions: Black mothers and White mothers largely had
similar reactions to youth's hospitalizations; however,
nuanced differences also were noted regarding how they
described their experiences and what they emphasized.
Implications: During discharge planning, mothers need
additional support (beyond referrals) in their roles as
caregivers and for their own coping. Additional clinical and
research implications are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1111/fare.12484},
Key = {fds354152}
}
@article{fds359066,
Author = {Goldston, DB and Curry, JF and Wells, KC and Kaminer, Y and Daniel, SS and Esposito-Smythers, C and Doyle, O and Sapyta, J and Tunno, AM and Heilbron, NC and Roley-Roberts, M},
Title = {Feasibility of an Integrated Treatment Approach for Youth
with Depression, Suicide Attempts, and Substance Use
Problems.},
Journal = {Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155-172},
Year = {2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2021.1888664},
Abstract = {Depression, suicidal behaviors and substance use problems
frequently co-occur, and treatment for youth with these
co-occurring problems is often fragmented and challenging.
An integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment approach that
builds upon a relapse prevention framework and applies
common core skills, language, and approach for treating
these related problems may be clinically beneficial.
Following a description of the integrated approach, we
present results of a pilot trial (n = 13) to examine the
acceptability and feasibility of the Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy - Relapse Prevention (CBT-RP) intervention plus
enhanced treatment as usual (TAU) compared to enhanced TAU
alone. The feasibility of the CBT-RP + TAU intervention was
reflected by high rates of retention (86%). The
acceptability was reflected in positive evaluations
regarding the helpfulness of the intervention by adolescents
and families. The majority of youth in both CBT-RP + TAU and
TAU alone groups evidenced reductions in depression and
suicide ideation from study entry to Week 20. Patterns of
reduction were more consistent, however, for youth receiving
CBT-RP + TAU, and reductions were slower to emerge for some
youth receiving TAU alone. Reductions in alcohol and
marijuana problems were similar, but half of the youth in
TAU alone (and none in the CBT-RP + TAU group) had emergency
department visits related to psychiatric crises or substance
related problems. These findings, although based on a small
sample, underscore the feasibility and acceptability of an
integrated cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention approach
for youth with depression, suicide attempt histories, and
substance use problems.},
Doi = {10.1080/23794925.2021.1888664},
Key = {fds359066}
}
@article{fds354258,
Author = {Henriquez-Henriquez, M and Acosta, MT and Martinez, AF and Vélez,
JI and Lopera, F and Pineda, D and Palacio, JD and Quiroga, T and Worgall,
TS and Deckelbaum, RJ and Mastronardi, C and Molina, BSG and MTA
Cooperative Group, and Arcos-Burgos, M and Muenke,
M},
Title = {Mutations in sphingolipid metabolism genes are associated
with ADHD.},
Journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {231},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00881-8},
Abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most
prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children, with
genetic factors accounting for 75-80% of the phenotypic
variance. Recent studies have suggested that ADHD patients
might present with atypical central myelination that can
persist into adulthood. Given the essential role of
sphingolipids in myelin formation and maintenance, we
explored genetic variation in sphingolipid metabolism genes
for association with ADHD risk. Whole-exome genotyping was
performed in three independent cohorts from disparate
regions of the world, for a total of 1520 genotyped
subjects. Cohort 1 (MTA (Multimodal Treatment study of
children with ADHD) sample, 371 subjects) was analyzed as
the discovery cohort, while cohorts 2 (Paisa sample, 298
subjects) and 3 (US sample, 851 subjects) were used for
replication. A set of 58 genes was manually curated based on
their roles in sphingolipid metabolism. A targeted
exploration for association between ADHD and 137 markers
encoding for common and rare potentially functional allelic
variants in this set of genes was performed in the screening
cohort. Single- and multi-locus additive, dominant and
recessive linear mixed-effect models were used. During
discovery, we found statistically significant associations
between ADHD and variants in eight genes (GALC, CERS6,
SMPD1, SMPDL3B, CERS2, FADS3, ELOVL5, and CERK). Successful
local replication for associations with variants in GALC,
SMPD1, and CERS6 was demonstrated in both replication
cohorts. Variants rs35785620, rs143078230, rs398607, and
rs1805078, associated with ADHD in the discovery or
replication cohorts, correspond to missense mutations with
predicted deleterious effects. Expression quantitative trait
loci analysis revealed an association between rs398607 and
increased GALC expression in the cerebellum.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41398-020-00881-8},
Key = {fds354258}
}
@article{fds348140,
Author = {Weisz, JR and Bearman, SK and Ugueto, AM and Herren, JA and Evans, SC and Cheron, DM and Alleyne, AR and Weissman, AS and Tweed, JL and Pollack,
AA and Langer, DA and Southam-Gerow, MA and Wells, KC and Jensen-Doss,
A},
Title = {Testing Robustness of Child STEPs Effects with Children and
Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness
Trial.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {49},
Number = {6},
Pages = {883-896},
Year = {2020},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2019.1655757},
Abstract = {A critical task in psychotherapy research is identifying the
conditions within which treatment benefits can be replicated
and outside of which those benefits are reduced. We tested
the robustness of beneficial effects found in two previous
trials of the modular Child STEPs treatment program for
youth anxiety, depression, trauma, and conduct problems. We
conducted a randomized trial, with two significant
methodological changes from previous trials: (a) shifting
from cluster- to person-level randomization, and (b)
shifting from individual to more clinically feasible
group-based consultation with STEPs therapists. Fifty
community clinicians from multiple outpatient clinics were
randomly assigned to receive training and consultation in
STEPs (n= 25) or to provide usual care (UC; n= 25). There
were 156 referred youths-ages 6-16 (M= 10.52, SD = 2.53);
48.1% male; 79.5% Caucasian, 12.8% multiracial, 4.5% Black,
1.9% Latino, 1.3% Other-who were randomized to STEPs
(n= 77) or UC (n= 79). Following previous STEPs trials,
outcome measures included parent- and youth-reported
internalizing, externalizing, total, and idiographic top
problems, with repeated measures collected weekly during
treatment and longer term over 2 years. Participants in both
groups showed statistically significant improvement on all
measures, leading to clinically meaningful problem
reductions. However, in contrast to previous trials, STEPs
was not superior to UC on any measure. As with virtually all
treatments, the benefits of STEPs may depend on the
conditions-for example, of study design and implementation
support-in which it is tested. Identifying those conditions
may help guide appropriate use of STEPs, and other
treatments, in the future.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2019.1655757},
Key = {fds348140}
}
@article{fds332371,
Author = {Mitchell, JT and Weisner, TS and Jensen, PS and Murray, DW and Molina,
BSG and Arnold, LE and Hechtman, L and Swanson, JM and Hinshaw, SP and Victor, EC and Kollins, SH and Wells, KC and Belendiuk, KA and Blonde,
A and Nguyen, C and Ambriz, L and Nguyen, JL},
Title = {How Substance Users With ADHD Perceive the Relationship
Between Substance Use and Emotional Functioning.},
Journal = {J Atten Disord},
Volume = {22},
Number = {9_suppl},
Pages = {49S-60S},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716685842},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although substance use (SU) is elevated in ADHD
and both are associated with disrupted emotional
functioning, little is known about how emotions and SU
interact in ADHD. We used a mixed qualitative-quantitative
approach to explore this relationship. METHOD: Narrative
comments were coded for 67 persistent (50 ADHD, 17 local
normative comparison group [LNCG]) and 25 desistent (20
ADHD, 5 LNCG) substance users from the Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) adult follow-up (21.7-26.7
years-old). RESULTS: SU persisters perceived SU positively
affects emotional states and positive emotional effects
outweigh negative effects. No ADHD group effects emerged.
Qualitative analysis identified perceptions that cannabis
enhanced positive mood for ADHD and LNCG SU persisters, and
improved negative mood and ADHD for ADHD SU persisters.
CONCLUSION: Perceptions about SU broadly and mood do not
differentiate ADHD and non-ADHD SU persisters. However,
perceptions that cannabis is therapeutic may inform
ADHD-related risk for cannabis use.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054716685842},
Key = {fds332371}
}
@article{fds332665,
Author = {Weisner, TS and Murray, DW and Jensen, PS and Mitchell, JT and Swanson,
JM and Hinshaw, SP and Wells, K and Hechtman, L and Molina, BSG and Arnold,
LE and Sorensen, P and Stehli, A},
Title = {Follow-Up of Young Adults With ADHD in the MTA: Design and
Methods for Qualitative Interviews.},
Journal = {J Atten Disord},
Volume = {22},
Number = {9_suppl},
Pages = {10S-20S},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054717713639},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Qualitative interviews with 183 young adults (YA)
in the follow-up of the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children With and Without ADHD (MTA) provide rich
information on beliefs and expectations regarding ADHD,
life's turning points, medication use, and substance use
(SU). METHOD: Participants from four MTA sites were sampled
to include those with persistent and atypically high SU, and
a local normative comparison group (LNCG). Respondents were
encouraged to "tell their story" about their lives, using a
semistructured conversational interview format. RESULTS:
Interviews were reliably coded for interview topics. ADHD
youth more often desisted from SU because of seeing others
going down wrong paths due to SU. Narratives revealed very
diverse accounts and explanations for SU-ADHD influences.
CONCLUSION: Qualitative methods captured the perspectives of
YAs regarding using substances. This information is
essential for improving resilience models in drug prevention
and treatment programs and for treatment development for
this at-risk population.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054717713639},
Key = {fds332665}
}
@article{fds332666,
Author = {Jensen, PS and Yuki, K and Murray, D and Mitchell, JT and Weisner, T and Hinshaw, S and Molina, B and Swanson, J and Arnold, LE and Hechtman, L and Wells, K},
Title = {Turning Points in the Lives of Youth of With/Without ADHD:
Are They Linked to Changes in Substance Use?},
Journal = {J Atten Disord},
Volume = {22},
Number = {9_suppl},
Pages = {38S-48S},
Year = {2018},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054717700977},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examines the behavior beliefs, social
supports, and turning points in individuals with/without
ADHD related to their substance use/abuse (SU/A) decisions.
METHOD: The coded interviews from 60 participants
with/without ADHD were compared for their SU/A decisions and
precipitants with these decisions among abstainers,
persisters, and desisters. RESULTS: ADHD participants
reported fewer social advantages to avoid SU/A than non-ADHD
participants. Desisters and persisters reported more social
advantages of using drugs than abstainers. Persisters
reported both more negative and positive
psychological/physiological effects of SU/A. ADHD
participants reported fewer positive role models in their
lives. Non-ADHD patients reported more positive turning
points than ADHD participants, regardless of SU/A status.
CONCLUSION: ADHD individuals face challenges in making
healthy decisions about SU/A due to lack of positive role
models. Reinforcing accurate behavioral beliefs may be
important to change behaviors in individuals with SU/A or to
prevent SU/A initiation in ADHD individuals.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054717700977},
Key = {fds332666}
}
@article{fds332664,
Author = {Sibley, MH and Rohde, LA and Swanson, JM and Hechtman, LT and Molina,
BSG and Mitchell, JT and Arnold, LE and Caye, A and Kennedy, TM and Roy, A and Stehli, A and Multimodal Treatment Study of Children and ADHD
(MTA) Cooperative Group},
Title = {Late-Onset ADHD Reconsidered With Comprehensive Repeated
Assessments Between Ages 10 and 25.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {175},
Number = {2},
Pages = {140-149},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17030298},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Adolescents and young adults without childhood
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often
present to clinics seeking stimulant medication for
late-onset ADHD symptoms. Recent birth-cohort studies
support the notion of late-onset ADHD, but these
investigations are limited by relying on screening
instruments to assess ADHD, not considering alternative
causes of symptoms, or failing to obtain complete
psychiatric histories. The authors address these limitations
by examining psychiatric assessments administered
longitudinally to the local normative comparison group of
the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD. METHOD: Individuals
without childhood ADHD (N=239) were administered eight
assessments from comparison baseline (mean age=9.89 years)
to young adulthood (mean age=24.40 years). Diagnostic
procedures utilized parent, teacher, and self-reports of
ADHD symptoms, impairment, substance use, and other mental
disorders, with consideration of symptom context and timing.
RESULTS: Approximately 95% of individuals who initially
screened positive on symptom checklists were excluded from
late-onset ADHD diagnosis. Among individuals with impairing
late-onset ADHD symptoms, the most common reason for
diagnostic exclusion was symptoms or impairment occurring
exclusively in the context of heavy substance use. Most
late-onset cases displayed onset in adolescence and an
adolescence-limited presentation. There was no evidence for
adult-onset ADHD independent of a complex psychiatric
history. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals seeking treatment for
late-onset ADHD may be valid cases; however, more commonly,
symptoms represent nonimpairing cognitive fluctuations, a
comorbid disorder, or the cognitive effects of substance
use. False positive late-onset ADHD cases are common without
careful assessment. Clinicians should carefully assess
impairment, psychiatric history, and substance use before
treating potential late-onset cases.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17030298},
Key = {fds332664}
}
@article{fds330460,
Author = {Roy, A and Hechtman, L and Arnold, LE and Swanson, JM and Molina, BSG and Sibley, MH and Howard, AL and MTA Cooperative Group},
Title = {Childhood Predictors of Adult Functional Outcomes in the
Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {56},
Number = {8},
Pages = {687-695.e7},
Year = {2017},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.020},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Recent results from the Multimodal Treatment
Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD;
MTA) have demonstrated impairments in several functioning
domains in adults with childhood ADHD. The childhood
predictors of these adult functional outcomes are not
adequately understood. The objective of the present study
was to determine the effects of childhood demographic,
clinical, and family factors on adult functional outcomes in
individuals with and without childhood ADHD from the MTA
cohort. METHOD: Regressions were used to determine
associations of childhood factors (age range 7-10 years) of
family income, IQ, comorbidity (internalizing,
externalizing, and total number of non-ADHD diagnoses),
parenting styles, parental education, number of household
members, parental marital problems, parent-child
relationships, and ADHD symptom severity with adult outcomes
(mean age 25 years) of occupational functioning, educational
attainment, emotional functioning, sexual behavior, and
justice involvement in participants with (n = 579) and
without (n = 258) ADHD. RESULTS: Predictors of adult
functional outcomes in ADHD included clinical factors such
as baseline ADHD severity, IQ, and comorbidity; demographic
factors such as family income, number of household members
and parental education; and family factors such as parental
monitoring and parental marital problems. Predictors of
adult outcomes were generally comparable for children with
and without ADHD. CONCLUSION: Childhood ADHD symptoms, IQ,
and household income levels are important predictors of
adult functional outcomes. Management of these areas early
on, through timely treatments for ADHD symptoms, and
providing additional support to children with lower IQ and
from households with low incomes, could assist in improving
adult functioning.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.020},
Key = {fds330460}
}
@article{fds330163,
Author = {Sibley, MH and Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Hechtman, LT and Owens,
EB and Stehli, A and Abikoff, H and Hinshaw, SP and Molina, BSG and Mitchell, JT and Jensen, PS and Howard, AL and Lakes, KD and Pelham, WE and MTA Cooperative Group},
Title = {Defining ADHD symptom persistence in adulthood: optimizing
sensitivity and specificity.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {58},
Number = {6},
Pages = {655-662},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12620},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal studies of children diagnosed with
ADHD report widely ranging ADHD persistence rates in
adulthood (5-75%). This study documents how information
source (parent vs. self-report), method (rating scale vs.
interview), and symptom threshold (DSM vs. norm-based)
influence reported ADHD persistence rates in adulthood.
METHOD: Five hundred seventy-nine children were diagnosed
with DSM-IV ADHD-Combined Type at baseline (ages
7.0-9.9 years) 289 classmates served as a local normative
comparison group (LNCG), 476 and 241 of whom respectively
were evaluated in adulthood (Mean Age = 24.7). Parent and
self-reports of symptoms and impairment on rating scales
and structured interviews were used to investigate ADHD
persistence in adulthood. RESULTS: Persistence rates were
higher when using parent rather than self-reports,
structured interviews rather than rating scales (for
self-report but not parent report), and a norm-based (NB)
threshold of 4 symptoms rather than DSM criteria.
Receiver-Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses revealed
that sensitivity and specificity were optimized by combining
parent and self-reports on a rating scale and applying a NB
threshold. CONCLUSION: The interview format optimizes young
adult self-reporting when parent reports are not available.
However, the combination of parent and self-reports from
rating scales, using an 'or' rule and a NB threshold
optimized the balance between sensitivity and specificity.
With this definition, 60% of the ADHD group demonstrated
symptom persistence and 41% met both symptom and impairment
criteria in adulthood.},
Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12620},
Key = {fds330163}
}
@article{fds330164,
Author = {Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Molina, BSG and Sibley, MH and Hechtman,
LT and Hinshaw, SP and Abikoff, HB and Stehli, A and Owens, EB and Mitchell, JT and Nichols, Q and Howard, A and Greenhill, LL and Hoza, B and Newcorn, JH and Jensen, PS and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T and Epstein, JN and Tamm, L and Lakes, KD and Waxmonsky, J and Lerner, M and Etcovitch, J and Murray, DW and Muenke, M and Acosta, MT and Arcos-Burgos, M and Pelham,
WE and Kraemer, HC and MTA Cooperative Group},
Title = {Young adult outcomes in the follow-up of the multimodal
treatment study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:
symptom persistence, source discrepancy, and height
suppression.},
Journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {58},
Number = {6},
Pages = {663-678},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12684},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Multimodal Treatment Study (MTA) began as a
14-month randomized clinical trial of behavioral and
pharmacological treatments of 579 children (7-10 years of
age) diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)-combined type. It transitioned into an observational
long-term follow-up of 515 cases consented for continuation
and 289 classmates (258 without ADHD) added as a local
normative comparison group (LNCG), with assessments
2-16 years after baseline. METHODS: Primary (symptom
severity) and secondary (adult height) outcomes in adulthood
were specified. Treatment was monitored to age 18, and
naturalistic subgroups were formed based on three patterns
of long-term use of stimulant medication (Consistent,
Inconsistent, and Negligible). For the follow-up,
hypothesis-generating analyses were performed on outcomes in
early adulthood (at 25 years of age). Planned comparisons
were used to estimate ADHD-LNCG differences reflecting
persistence of symptoms and naturalistic subgroup
differences reflecting benefit (symptom reduction) and cost
(height suppression) associated with extended use of
medication. RESULTS: For ratings of symptom severity, the
ADHD-LNCG comparison was statistically significant for the
parent/self-report average (0.51 ± 0.04, p < .0001,
d = 1.11), documenting symptom persistence, and for the
parent/self-report difference (0.21 ± 0.04, p < .0001,
d = .60), documenting source discrepancy, but the
comparisons of naturalistic subgroups reflecting medication
effects were not significant. For adult height, the ADHD
group was 1.29 ± 0.55 cm shorter than the LNCG
(p < .01, d = .21), and the comparisons of the
naturalistic subgroups were significant: the treated group
with the Consistent or Inconsistent pattern was
2.55 ± 0.73 cm shorter than the subgroup with the
Negligible pattern (p < .0005, d = .42), and within the
treated group, the subgroup with the Consistent pattern was
2.36 ± 1.13 cm shorter than the subgroup with the
Inconsistent pattern (p < .04, d = .38). CONCLUSIONS: In
the MTA follow-up into adulthood, the ADHD group showed
symptom persistence compared to local norms from the LNCG.
Within naturalistic subgroups of ADHD cases, extended use of
medication was associated with suppression of adult height
but not with reduction of symptom severity.},
Doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12684},
Key = {fds330164}
}
@article{fds322218,
Author = {Hechtman, L and Swanson, JM and Sibley, MH and Stehli, A and Owens, EB and Mitchell, JT and Arnold, LE and Molina, BSG and Hinshaw, SP and Jensen,
PS and Abikoff, HB and Perez Algorta and G and Howard, AL and Hoza, B and Etcovitch, J and Houssais, S and Lakes, KD and Nichols, JQ and MTA
Cooperative Group},
Title = {Functional Adult Outcomes 16 Years After Childhood Diagnosis
of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: MTA
Results.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {55},
Number = {11},
Pages = {945-952.e2},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.774},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare educational, occupational, legal,
emotional, substance use disorder, and sexual behavior
outcomes in young adults with persistent and desistent
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and
a local normative comparison group (LNCG) in the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA). METHOD: Data
were collected 12, 14, and 16 years postbaseline (mean age
24.7 years at 16 years postbaseline) from 476 participants
with ADHD diagnosed at age 7 to 9 years, and 241 age- and
sex-matched classmates. Probands were subgrouped on
persistence versus desistence of DSM-5 symptom count.
Orthogonal comparisons contrasted ADHD versus LNCG and
symptom-persistent (50%) versus symptom-desistent (50%)
subgroups. Functional outcomes were measured with
standardized and demographic instruments. RESULTS: Three
patterns of functional outcomes emerged. Post-secondary
education, times fired/quit a job, current income, receiving
public assistance, and risky sexual behavior showed the most
common pattern: the LNCG group fared best,
symptom-persistent ADHD group worst, and symptom-desistent
ADHD group between, with the largest effect sizes between
LNCG and symptom-persistent ADHD. In the second pattern,
seen with emotional outcomes (emotional lability,
neuroticism, anxiety disorder, mood disorder) and substance
use outcomes, the LNCG and symptom-desistent ADHD group did
not differ, but both fared better than the
symptom-persistent ADHD group. In the third pattern, noted
with jail time (rare), alcohol use disorder (common), and
number of jobs held, group differences were not significant.
The ADHD group had 10 deaths compared to one death in the
LNCG. CONCLUSION: Adult functioning after childhood ADHD
varies by domain and is generally worse when ADHD symptoms
persist. It is important to identify factors and
interventions that promote better functional
outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.774},
Key = {fds322218}
}
@article{fds323350,
Author = {Roy, A and Hechtman, L and Arnold, LE and Sibley, MH and Molina, BSG and Swanson, JM and Howard, AL and MTA Cooperative
Group},
Title = {Childhood Factors Affecting Persistence and Desistence of
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in
Adulthood: Results From the MTA.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {55},
Number = {11},
Pages = {937-944.e4},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.027},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine childhood factors that predict
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persistence
and desistence in adulthood. METHOD: Regression analyses
were used to determine associations between childhood
factors and adult ADHD symptom persistence in 453
participants (mean age, 25 years) from the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA). Childhood IQ,
total number of comorbidities, child-perceived parenting
practices, child-perceived parent-child relationships,
parental mental health problems, marital problems of
parents, household income levels, and parental education
were assessed at a mean age of 8 years in all participants.
Adult ADHD persistence was defined using DSM-5 symptom
counts either with or without impairment, as well as mean
ADHD symptom scores on the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale
(CAARS). Age, sex, MTA site, and childhood ADHD symptoms
were covaried. RESULTS: The most important childhood
predictors of adult ADHD symptom persistence were initial
ADHD symptom severity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89, standard
error [SE] = 0.28, p = .025), comorbidities (OR = 1.19,
SE = 0.07, p = .018), and parental mental health problems
(OR = 1.30, SE = 0.09, p = .003). Childhood IQ,
socioeconomic status, parental education, and parent-child
relationships showed no associations with adult ADHD symptom
persistence. CONCLUSION: Initial ADHD symptom severity,
parental mental health, and childhood comorbidity affect
persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood. Addressing
these areas early may assist in reducing adult ADHD
persistence and functioning problems.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.027},
Key = {fds323350}
}
@article{fds330165,
Author = {Yaros, A and Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {Parental aggression as a predictor of boys' hostile
attribution across the transition to middle
school.},
Journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {452-458},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415607085},
Abstract = {Aggression among youth is public health problem that is
often studied in the context of how youth interpret social
information. Social cognitive factors, especially hostile
attribution biases, have been identified as risk factors for
the development of youth aggression, particularly across the
transition to middle school. Parental behaviors, including
parental aggression to children in the form of corporal
punishment and other aggressive behavior, have also been
linked to aggressive behavior in children at these ages.
Despite the important role played by these two risk factors,
the connection between the two has not been fully studied in
the literature. This study examined the link between
parental aggression and children' hostile attributions
longitudinally among a diverse sample of 123 boys as they
entered middle school. Results support acceptance of a model
in which parental aggression to children prior to entering
middle school predicted children's hostile attributions
after the transition to middle school above and beyond that
which was predicted by previous levels of hostile
attributions. As expected, hostile attributions also
predicted change in parent- and teacher-rated child
aggression. These findings provides important evidence of
the role that parental behavior plays in youth social
cognition at this critical age, which has implications for
understanding the development of aggressive
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1177/0165025415607085},
Key = {fds330165}
}
@article{fds276772,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Powell, NP and Boxmeyer, CL and Qu, L and Sallee, M and Wells, KC and Windle, M},
Title = {Counselor-Level Predictors of Sustained Use of an Indicated
Preventive Intervention for Aggressive Children.},
Journal = {Prev Sci},
Volume = {16},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1075-1085},
Year = {2015},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1389-4986},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0511-1},
Abstract = {Despite widespread concern about the frequent failure of
trained prevention staff to continue to use evidence-based
programs following periods of intensive training, little
research has addressed the characteristics and experiences
of counselors that might predict their sustained use of a
program. The current study follows a sample of school
counselors who were trained to use an indicated preventive
intervention, the Coping Power program, in an earlier
dissemination study, and determines their levels of
continued use of the program's child and parent components
in the 2 years following the counselors' intensive training
in the program. Counselor characteristics and experiences
were also examined as predictors of their sustained use of
the program components. The Coping Power program addresses
children's emotional regulation, social cognitive processes,
and increases in positive interpersonal behaviors with
at-risk children who have been screened to have moderate to
high levels of aggressive behavior. The results indicated
that counselors' perceptions of interpersonal support from
teachers within their schools, their perceptions of the
effectiveness of the program, and their expectations for
using the program were all predictive of program use over
the following 2 years. In addition, certain counselor
personality characteristics (i.e., conscientiousness) and
the level of actual teacher-rated behavior change
experienced by the children they worked with during training
were predictors of counselors' use of the program during the
second year after training. These results indicate the
central importance of teacher support and of child progress
during training in the prediction of counselors' sustained
use of a prevention program.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11121-014-0511-1},
Key = {fds276772}
}
@article{fds276774,
Author = {Goldman, EE and Bauer, D and Newman, DL and Kalka, E and Lochman, JE and Silverman, WK and Jensen, PS and Curry, J and Stark, K and Wells, KC and Bannon, WM and Integrated Psychotheraphy Consortium},
Title = {A school-based post-Katrina therapeutic intervention.},
Journal = {Adm Policy Ment Health},
Volume = {42},
Number = {3},
Pages = {363-372},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0894-587X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0576-y},
Abstract = {The current study presents the implementation of a set of
school based interventions in a greater New Orleans school
district one year following Hurricane Katrina. The
interventions included adaptation and implementation of
evidence based treatments in a crisis situation with at-risk
youth which involved training and clinical challenges. 386
students found to have significant depressive and/or
disruptive disorder symptoms received treatment from the
School Therapeutic Enhancement Program (STEP). Further, a
district-wide mental health needs assessment of middle and
high school students (N = 11,861) screened for behavioral
and emotional difficulties at the beginning and end of the
school year provided a benchmark for community youth's
emotional and behavioral distress. High-need intervention
students demonstrated clinically significant lower levels of
emotional and behavioral problems, depression and
inattention in comparison to pre-treatment levels as
indicated by multiple informants (i.e., self, parent,
teacher). Self-reported distress levels were also lower than
screening group students at post-test. These findings
support the efficacy of a school-based intervention for
youth struggling with the aftereffects of a highly
disruptive natural disaster. Implications for utilizing a
flexible adaptation of an evidence-based training model
involving coaching and consultation are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10488-014-0576-y},
Key = {fds276774}
}
@article{fds276770,
Author = {Vitulano, ML and Fite, PJ and Hopko, DR and Lochman, J and Wells, K and Asif, I},
Title = {Evaluation of underlying mechanisms in the link between
childhood ADHD symptoms and risk for early initiation of
substance use.},
Journal = {Psychol Addict Behav},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {816-827},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0893-164X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037504},
Abstract = {Although there has been support for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) as a risk for early substance use, this link
is not fully established or understood. Furthermore, the
potential mechanisms explaining these associations are
unclear. The current study examined peer rejection, school
bonding, and internalizing problems as potential mediators
of the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and risk
for early initiation of substance use. The sample included a
control group of 126 students with problematic aggression
(79% African American, 66% male) from an intervention study
following children from fourth to ninth grade. Results
suggested that ADHD symptoms follow a path to early
initiation of tobacco use through the combined effects of
peer rejection and internalizing problems as well as through
internalizing problems alone. ADHD symptoms were also
associated with the cubic slope of marijuana use initiation,
such that increased ADHD symptoms were associated with a
strong cubic trend (e.g., a more rapid acceleration of risk
for initiation). ADHD symptoms were not associated with risk
for early initiation of alcohol use. Identification of
important vulnerability factors in children with ADHD
symptoms highlight the need for primary prevention and
psychological interventions that target these factors and
decrease the likelihood of early tobacco and marijuana use
initiation.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0037504},
Key = {fds276770}
}
@article{fds276775,
Author = {Elkins, SR and Fite, PJ and Moore, TM and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Bidirectional effects of parenting and youth substance use
during the transition to middle and high
school.},
Journal = {Psychol Addict Behav},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {475-486},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0893-164X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036824},
Abstract = {The current study assessed bidirectional relationships
between supportive parenting behaviors (i.e., involvement,
positive parenting), parental control strategies (i.e.,
parental monitoring, effective discipline), and youth
substance use in a sample of aggressive youth during the
transitions to middle and high school. Participants were
drawn from the control group of a larger longitudinal study
and were followed from 4th through 9th grade. Cross-lagged
developmental models were evaluated using structural
equation modeling. Youth substance use at 6th, 7th, and 8th
grade influenced positive parenting at 7th, 8th, and 9th
grade, but did not influence parental involvement or
monitoring at any grade. Parental involvement, monitoring,
and positive parenting at earlier grades did not influence
youth substance use at later grades. Reciprocal
relationships were observed between effective discipline and
youth substance use at all grades. Results are consistent
with models of bidirectionality that suggest that parents
and children adjust their behavior based on the response of
the other. Findings may impact our understanding of the
development of youth substance use across time and improve
interventions designed to reduce this behavior during
periods of transition.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0036824},
Key = {fds276775}
}
@article{fds276776,
Author = {Murray-Close, D and Hoza, B and Hinshaw, SP and Arnold, LE and Swanson,
J and Jensen, PS and Hechtman, L and Wells, K},
Title = {Erratum: Developmental processes in peer problems of
children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in
The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD:
Developmental cascades and vicious cycles (Development and
Psychopathology (2010) DOI: 10.1017/S0954579410000465)},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {287},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000953},
Doi = {10.1017/S0954579413000953},
Key = {fds276776}
}
@article{fds276777,
Author = {Chorpita, BF and Weisz, JR and Daleiden, EL and Schoenwald, SK and Palinkas, LA and Miranda, J and Higa-McMillan, CK and Nakamura, BJ and Austin, AA and Borntrager, CF and Ward, A and Wells, KC and Gibbons, RD and Research Network on Youth Mental Health},
Title = {Long-term outcomes for the Child STEPs randomized
effectiveness trial: a comparison of modular and standard
treatment designs with usual care.},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {81},
Number = {6},
Pages = {999-1009},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000327856400005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article reports outcomes from the Child
STEPs randomized effectiveness trial conducted over a 2-year
period to gauge the longer term impact of protocol design on
the effectiveness of evidence-based treatment procedures.
METHOD: An ethnoracially diverse sample of 174 youths ages
7- 13 (N = 121 boys) whose primary clinical concerns
involved diagnoses or clinical elevations related to
anxiety, depression, or disruptive behavior were treated by
community therapists randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions:
(a) standard, which involved the use of 1 or more of 3
manualized evidence-based treatments, (b) modular, which
involved a single modular protocol (Modular Approach to
Treatment of Children With Anxiety, Depression, or Conduct
Problems; MATCH) having clinical procedures similar to the
standard condition but flexibly selected and sequenced using
a guiding clinical algorithm, and (c) usual care. RESULTS:
As measured with combined Child Behavior Checklist and Youth
Self-Report Total Problems, Internalizing, and Externalizing
scales, the rate of improvement for youths in the modular
condition was significantly better than for those in usual
care. On a measure of functional impairment (Brief
Impairment Scale), no significant differences were found
among the 3 conditions. Analysis of service utilization also
showed no significant differences among conditions, with
almost half of youths receiving some additional services in
the 1st year after beginning treatment, and roughly one
third of youths in the 2nd year. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these
results extend prior findings, supporting incremental
benefits of MATCH over usual care over a 2-year
period.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0034200},
Key = {fds276777}
}
@article{fds276837,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Wells, KC and Qu, L and Chen, L},
Title = {Three year follow-up of coping power intervention effects:
evidence of neighborhood moderation?},
Journal = {Prev Sci},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {364-376},
Year = {2013},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065350},
Abstract = {The Coping Power program is an indicated prevention program
for at-risk aggressive preadolescent children, and has had
demonstrated short-term effects on antisocial outcomes. This
study provided a longer-term 3-year follow-up for a sample
of 245 fourth grade children who had been randomly assigned
to Coping Power or to a care-as-usual Comparison condition.
Intervention took place during the fifth and sixth grade
years, at the time of transition to middle school. Growth
curve analyses indicate that Coping Power had linear effects
through the 3 years after the end of intervention on
reductions in children's aggressive behavior and academic
behavior problems, children's expectations that aggression
would lead to positive outcomes, and parents' lack of
supportiveness with their children. Participants' homes were
geocoded into census tracts, and neighborhood qualities
which may have moderated outcomes involved neighborhood
disadvantage based on census tract information, and
parent-reported social organization of neighborhoods. There
was limited support for the hypothesis that intervention
effects would be greater in less problematic neighborhoods.
Intervention produced the greatest improvement in parental
supportiveness for families living in communities with less
neighborhood disadvantage, but there were no similar effects
for the behavioral and social cognitive outcomes, or in
analyses using neighborhood social organization as a
moderator. Counter the hypothesis, intervention produced the
greatest reduction in children's aggression in neighborhoods
characterized by poor social organization.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11121-012-0295-0},
Key = {fds276837}
}
@article{fds276782,
Author = {Molina, BSG and Hinshaw, SP and Eugene Arnold and L and Swanson, JM and Pelham, WE and Hechtman, L and Hoza, B and Epstein, JN and Wigal, T and Abikoff, HB and Greenhill, LL and Jensen, PS and Wells, KC and Vitiello,
B and Gibbons, RD and Howard, A and Houck, PR and Hur, K and Lu, B and Marcus,
S and MTA Cooperative Group},
Title = {Adolescent substance use in the multimodal treatment study
of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (MTA) as
a function of childhood ADHD, random assignment to childhood
treatments, and subsequent medication.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {3},
Pages = {250-263},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000315660700008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term effects on substance use
and substance use disorder (SUD), up to 8 years after
childhood enrollment, of the randomly assigned 14-month
treatments in the multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA;
n = 436); to test whether medication at follow-up,
cumulative psychostimulant treatment over time, or both
relate to substance use/SUD; and to compare substance
use/SUD in the ADHD sample to the non-ADHD childhood
classmate comparison group (n = 261). METHOD: Mixed-effects
regression models with planned contrasts were used for all
tests except the important cumulative stimulant treatment
question, for which propensity score matching analysis was
used. RESULTS: The originally randomized treatment groups
did not differ significantly on substance use/SUD by the
8-year follow-up or earlier (mean age = 17 years). Neither
medication at follow-up (mostly stimulants) nor cumulative
stimulant treatment was associated with adolescent substance
use/SUD. Substance use at all time points, including use of
two or more substances and SUD, were each greater in the
ADHD than in the non-ADHD samples, regardless of sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Medication for ADHD did not protect from, or
contribute to, visible risk of substance use or SUD by
adolescence, whether analyzed as randomized treatment
assignment in childhood, as medication at follow-up, or as
cumulative stimulant treatment over an 8-year follow-up from
childhood. These results suggest the need to identify
alternative or adjunctive adolescent-focused approaches to
substance abuse prevention and treatment for boys and girls
with ADHD, especially given their increased risk for use and
abuse of multiple substances that is not improved with
stimulant medication. Clinical trial registration
information-Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA);
http://clinical trials.gov/; NCT00000388.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.014},
Key = {fds276782}
}
@article{fds276783,
Author = {Abikoff, H and Gallagher, R and Wells, KC and Murray, DW and Huang, L and Lu, F and Petkova, E},
Title = {Remediating organizational functioning in children with
ADHD: immediate and long-term effects from a randomized
controlled trial.},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {81},
Number = {1},
Pages = {113-128},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029648},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The study compared the efficacy of 2 behavioral
interventions to ameliorate organization, time management,
and planning (OTMP) difficulties in 3rd- to 5th-grade
children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). METHOD: In a dual-site randomized controlled trial,
158 children were assigned to organizational skills training
(OST; N = 64); PATHKO, a performance-based intervention that
precluded skills training (N = 61); or a wait-list control
(WL, N = 33). Treatments were 20 individual clinic-based
sessions over 10-12 weeks. OST involved skills building
provided primarily to the child. PATHKO trained parents and
teachers to reinforce children contingently for meeting
end-point target goals. Primary outcomes were the Children's
Organizational Skills Scales (COSS-Parent, COSS-Teacher).
Other relevant functional outcomes were assessed. Percentage
of participants no longer meeting inclusion criteria for
OTMP impairments informed on clinical significance.
Assessments occurred at post-treatment, 1-month
post-treatment, and twice in the following school year.
RESULTS: OST was superior to WL on the COSS-P (Cohen's d =
2.77; p < .0001), COSS-T (d = 1.18; p < .0001), children's
COSS self-ratings, academic performance and proficiency,
homework, and family functioning. OST was significantly
better than PATHKO only on the COSS-P (d = 0.63; p < .005).
PATHKO was superior to WL on most outcomes but not on
academic proficiency. Sixty percent of OST and PATHKO
participants versus 3% of controls no longer met OTMP
inclusion criteria. Significant maintenance effects were
found for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Two distinct
treatments targeting OTMP problems in children with ADHD
generated robust, sustained functional improvements. The
interventions show promise of clinical utility in children
with ADHD and organizational deficits.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0029648},
Key = {fds276783}
}
@article{fds276868,
Author = {Wells, KC and Heilbron, N},
Title = {Family-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Suicidal
Adolescents and Their Integration With Individual
Treatment},
Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},
Volume = {19},
Number = {2},
Pages = {301-314},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2012},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1077-7229},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.06.004},
Abstract = {A considerable research base underscores the importance of
family functioning in the risk for and treatment of
adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This paper
reviews the extant empirical literature documenting
associations between features of the family context and
adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A case example
is provided to illustrate how family factors may guide case
conceptualization and treatment planning for suicidal
adolescents. In light of the growing support for treatment
approaches predicated on the principles of
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the paper focuses on
many of the common family treatment elements, notably
interventions with parents across treatment studies with
adolescent suicidal populations. A specific treatment known
as CBT for Suicide Prevention (CBT-SP; Stanley et al., 2009)
serves as an exemplar for how interventions with parents may
be applied in the context of an integrated intervention for
teen suicide. The paper reviews issues salient to the
implementation of key components of treatment with parents
and addresses specific treatment considerations and
challenges. © 2011.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.06.004},
Key = {fds276868}
}
@article{fds276784,
Author = {Barry, TD and Lochman, JE and Fite, PJ and Wells, KC and Colder,
CR},
Title = {The influence of neighborhood characteristics and parenting
practices on academic problems and aggression outcomes among
moderately to highly aggressive children},
Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {372-379},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0090-4392},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000302940100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The current study utilized a longitudinal design to examine
the effects of neighborhood and parenting on 120 at-risk
children's academic and aggressive outcomes, concurrently
and at two later timepoints during the transition to middle
school. Random effects regression models were estimated to
examine whether neighborhood characteristics and harsh
parenting predicted change in these problems from 4th to 6th
grade. Results indicated that academic problems decreased
then increased after the middle school transition, whereas
aggression decreased then leveled off. Both neighborhood
problems and harsh parenting were associated with academic
problems; neighborhood problems and poor support were
related to aggression. A significant interaction in
predicting aggression was found, indicating that children in
more problematic neighborhoods and experiencing harsher
parenting exhibited the highest levels of aggression.
Findings highlight the relation of neighborhood problems to
both academic problems outcomes and aggression in youth and
underscore the importance of early prevention efforts. ©
2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/jcop.20514},
Key = {fds276784}
}
@article{fds276881,
Author = {Curry, J and Silva, S and Rohde, P and Ginsburg, G and Kennard, B and Kratochvil, C and Simons, A and Kirchner, J and May, D and Mayes, T and Feeny, N and Albano, AM and Lavanier, S and Reinecke, M and Jacobs, R and Becker-Weidman, E and Weller, E and Emslie, G and Walkup, J and Kastelic, E and Burns, B and Wells, K and March, J},
Title = {Onset of alcohol or substance use disorders following
treatment for adolescent depression.},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {80},
Number = {2},
Pages = {299-312},
Year = {2012},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026929},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether positive response to
short-term treatment for adolescent major depressive
disorder (MDD) would have the secondary benefit of
preventing subsequent alcohol use disorders (AUD) or
substance use disorders (SUD). METHOD: For 5 years, we
followed 192 adolescents (56.2% female; 20.8% minority) who
had participated in the Treatment for Adolescents with
Depression Study (TADS; TADS Team, 2004) and who had no
prior diagnoses of AUD or SUD. TADS initial treatments were
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), fluoxetine alone (FLX),
the combination of CBT and FLX (COMB), or clinical
management with pill placebo (PBO). We used both the
original TADS treatment response rating and a more
restrictive symptom count rating. During follow-up,
diagnostic interviews were completed at 6- or 12-month
intervals to assess onset of AUD or SUD as well as MDD
recovery and recurrence. RESULTS: Achieving a positive
response to MDD treatment was unrelated to subsequent AUD
but predicted a lower rate of subsequent SUD, regardless of
the measure of positive response (11.65% vs. 24.72%, or
10.0% vs. 24.5%, respectively). Type of initial MDD
treatment was not related to either outcome. Prior to
depression treatment, greater involvement with alcohol or
drugs predicted later AUD or SUD, as did older age (for AUD)
and more comorbid disorders (for SUD). Among those with
recurrent MDD and AUD, AUD preceded MDD recurrence in 24 of
25 cases. CONCLUSION: Effective short-term adolescent
depression treatment significantly reduces the rate of
subsequent SUD but not AUD. Alcohol or drug use should be
assessed prior to adolescent MDD treatment and monitored
even after MDD recovery.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0026929},
Key = {fds276881}
}
@article{fds276836,
Author = {Vitiello, B and Elliott, GR and Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Hechtman,
L and Abikoff, H and Molina, BSG and Wells, K and Wigal, T and Jensen, PS and Greenhill, LL and Kaltman, JR and Severe, JB and Odbert, C and Hur, K and Gibbons, R},
Title = {Blood pressure and heart rate over 10 years in the
multimodal treatment study of children with
ADHD.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {169},
Number = {2},
Pages = {167-177},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111705},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: It is unknown whether prolonged childhood
exposure to stimulant medication for the treatment of
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases
the risk for developing abnormalities in blood pressure or
heart rate. The authors examined the association between
stimulant medication and blood pressure and heart rate over
10 years. METHOD: A total of 579 children, ages 7–9, were
randomly assigned to 14 months of medication treatment,
behavioral therapy, the combination of the two, or usual
community treatment. The controlled trial was followed by
naturalistic treatment with periodic assessments. Blood
pressure and heart rate data were first analyzed with linear
regression models based on an intent-to-treat approach,
using raw data and the blood pressure categories of
prehypertension and hypertension. Currently medicated
patients were then compared with never or previously
medicated patients. Associations between cumulative
stimulant exposure and blood pressure or heart rate were
assessed. RESULTS: No treatment effect on either systolic or
diastolic blood pressure could be detected. Children who
were treated with stimulants had a higher heart rate
(mean=84.2 bpm [SD=12.4] on medication alone and mean=84.6
bpm [SD=12.2] on medication plus behavioral therapy) than
those who were treated with behavioral therapy alone
(mean=79.1 bpm [SD=12.0]) or those who received usual
community treatment (mean=78.9 bpm [SD=12.9]) at the end of
the 14-month controlled trial, but not thereafter. Stimulant
medication did not increase the risk for tachycardia, but
greater cumulative stimulant exposure was associated with a
higher heart rate at years 3 and 8. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant
treatment did not increase the risk for prehypertension or
hypertension over the 10-year period of observation.
However, stimulants had a persistent adrenergic effect on
heart rate during treatment.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111705},
Key = {fds276836}
}
@article{fds276880,
Author = {Curry, J and Silva, S and Rohde, P and Ginsburg, G and Kratochvil, C and Simons, A and Kirchner, J and May, D and Kennard, B and Mayes, T and Feeny,
N and Albano, AM and Lavanier, S and Reinecke, M and Jacobs, R and Becker-Weidman, E and Weller, E and Emslie, G and Walkup, J and Kastelic, E and Burns, B and Wells, K and March, J},
Title = {Recovery and recurrence following treatment for adolescent
major depression.},
Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
Volume = {68},
Number = {3},
Pages = {263-269},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.150},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Major depressive disorder in adolescents is common
and impairing. Efficacious treatments have been developed,
but little is known about longer-term outcomes, including
recurrence. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether adolescents who
responded to short-term treatments or who received the most
efficacious short-term treatment would have lower recurrence
rates, and to identify predictors of recovery and
recurrence. DESIGN: Naturalistic follow-up study. SETTING:
Twelve academic sites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS:
One hundred ninety-six adolescents (86 males and 110
females) randomized to 1 of 4 short-term interventions
(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment, cognitive behavioral
therapy, their combination, or placebo) in the Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study were followed up for 5
years after study entry (44.6% of the original Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study sample). MAIN OUTCOME
MEASURES: Recovery was defined as absence of clinically
significant major depressive disorder symptoms on the
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for
School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version interview
for at least 8 weeks, and recurrence was defined as a new
episode of major depressive disorder following recovery.
RESULTS: Almost all participants (96.4%) recovered from
their index episode of major depressive disorder during the
follow-up period. Recovery by 2 years was significantly more
likely for short-term treatment responders (96.2%) than for
partial responders or nonresponders (79.1%) (P < .001) but
was not associated with having received the most efficacious
short-term treatment (the combination of fluoxetine and
cognitive behavioral therapy). Of the 189 participants who
recovered, 88 (46.6%) had a recurrence. Recurrence was not
predicted by full short-term treatment response or by
original treatment. However, full or partial responders were
less likely to have a recurrence (42.9%) than were
nonresponders (67.6%) (P = .03). Sex predicted recurrence
(57.0% among females vs 32.9% among males; P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS: Almost all depressed adolescents recovered.
However, recurrence occurs in almost half of recovered
adolescents, with higher probability in females in this age
range. Further research should identify and address the
vulnerabilities to recurrence that are more common among
young women.},
Doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.150},
Key = {fds276880}
}
@article{fds276835,
Author = {Murray-Close, D and Hoza, B and Hinshaw, SP and Arnold, LE and Swanson,
J and Jensen, PS and Hechtman, L and Wells, K},
Title = {Developmental processes in peer problems of children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children With ADHD: developmental
cascades and vicious cycles.},
Journal = {Dev Psychopathol},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {785-802},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3982 Duke open
access},
Abstract = {We examined the developmental processes involved in peer
problems among children (M age = 10.41 years) previously
diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) at study entry (N = 536) and a comparison group (N =
284). Participants were followed over a 6-year period
ranging from middle childhood to adolescence. At four
assessment periods, measures of aggression, social skills,
positive illusory biases (in the social and behavioral
domains), and peer rejection were assessed. Results
indicated that children from the ADHD group exhibited
difficulties in each of these areas at the first assessment.
Moreover, there were vicious cycles among problems over
time. For example, peer rejection was related to impaired
social skills, which in turn predicted later peer rejection.
Problems also tended to spill over into other areas, which
in turn compromised functioning in additional areas across
development, leading to cascading effects over time. The
findings held even when controlling for age and were similar
for males and females, the ADHD and comparison groups, and
among ADHD treatment groups. The results suggest that the
peer problems among children with and without ADHD may
reflect similar processes; however, children with ADHD
exhibit greater difficulties negotiating important
developmental tasks. Implications for interventions are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1017/S0954579410000465},
Key = {fds276835}
}
@article{fds276834,
Author = {Jones, HA and Epstein, JN and Hinshaw, SP and Owens, EB and Chi, TC and Arnold, LE and Hoza, B and Wells, KC},
Title = {Ethnicity as a moderator of treatment effects on
parent--child interaction for children with
ADHD.},
Journal = {J Atten Disord},
Volume = {13},
Number = {6},
Pages = {592-600},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054709332158},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine ethnic differences in observed
parenting and child behavior and the moderating effects of
ethnicity on the relationship between treatment and parent
and child behavior. METHOD: Observations of 508 children
with ADHD (ages 7-9) and their caregivers, collected during
the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, were analyzed using
univariate and mixed-model ANOVAs. RESULTS: Although
baseline parenting practices differed by ethnic group,
ethnicity did not moderate the relationship between
treatment and either parenting or child behavior.
CONCLUSION: Consistent with data from normative samples,
parents of children with ADHD differed by ethnicity in their
utilization of certain parenting strategies. However,
different ethnic groups did not differ on benefit received
from treatments for ADHD, measured by parent and child
behavior. Although ethnicity did not emerge as a moderator,
ethnic minority family engagement in treatment may be
increased by recognizing different parenting strategies and
modifying interventions accordingly.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054709332158},
Key = {fds276834}
}
@article{fds323861,
Author = {Hoza, B and Murray-Close, D and Arnold, LE and Hinshaw, SP and Hechtman,
L and MTA Cooperative Group},
Title = {Time-dependent changes in positively biased self-perceptions
of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a
developmental psychopathology perspective.},
Journal = {Dev Psychopathol},
Volume = {22},
Number = {2},
Pages = {375-390},
Year = {2010},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941000012X},
Abstract = {This study examined changes in the degree of positive bias
in self-perceptions of previously diagnosed 8- to
13-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD; n = 513) and comparison peers (n = 284) over
a 6-year period. The dynamic association between biased
self-perceptions and dimensional indices of depressive
symptoms and aggression also were considered. Across the
6-year time span, comparison children exhibited less bias
than children with ADHD, although a normative bolstering of
social self-views during early adolescence was observed.
Decreases in positive biases regarding social and behavioral
competence were associated with increases in depressive
symptoms over time, whereas increases in levels of
positively biased self-perceptions in the behavioral (but
not social) domain were predictive of greater aggression
over time. ADHD status moderated the dynamic association
between biases and adjustment. Finally, evidence indicated
that there was a bidirectional relationship between biases
and aggression, whereas depressive symptoms appeared to
inversely predict later bias.},
Doi = {10.1017/S095457941000012X},
Key = {fds323861}
}
@article{fds276833,
Author = {Langberg, JM and Arnold, LE and Flowers, AM and Epstein, JN and Altaye,
M and Hinshaw, SP and Swanson, JM and Kotkin, R and Simpson, S and Molina,
BSG and Jensen, PS and Abikoff, H and Pelham, WE and Vitiello, B and Wells,
KC and Hechtman, L},
Title = {Parent-reported homework problems in the MTA study: evidence
for sustained improvement with behavioral
treatment.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {220-233},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1537-4416},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374410903532700},
Abstract = {Parent-report of child homework problems was examined as a
treatment outcome variable in the MTA-Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). Five hundred seventy-nine children ages 7.0
to 9.9 were randomly assigned to either medication
management, behavioral treatment, combination treatment, or
routine community care. Results showed that only
participants who received behavioral treatment (behavioral
and combined treatment) demonstrated sustained improvements
in homework problems in comparison to routine community
care. The magnitude of the sustained effect at the 10-month
follow-up assessment was small to moderate for combined and
behavioral treatment over routine community care (d = .37,
.40, respectively). Parent ratings of initial ADHD symptom
severity was the only variable found to moderate these
effects.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903532700},
Key = {fds276833}
}
@article{fds276872,
Author = {Feeny, NC and Silva, SG and Reinecke, MA and McNulty, S and Findling,
RL and Rohde, P and Curry, JF and Ginsburg, GS and Kratochvil, CJ and Pathak, SM and May, DE and Kennard, BD and Simons, AD and Wells, KC and Robins, M and Rosenberg, D and March, JS},
Title = {An exploratory analysis of the impact of family functioning
on treatment for depression in adolescents.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {814-825},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183665},
Abstract = {This article explores aspects of family environment and
parent-child conflict that may predict or moderate response
to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439)
randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive behavioral
therapy, their combination, or placebo. Outcomes were Week
12 scores on measures of depression and global impairment.
Of 20 candidate variables, one predictor emerged: Across
treatments, adolescents with mothers who reported less
parent-child conflict were more likely to benefit than their
counterparts. When family functioning moderated outcome,
adolescents who endorsed more negative environments were
more likely to benefit from fluoxetine. Similarly, when
moderating effects were seen on cognitive behavioral therapy
conditions, they were in the direction of being less
effective among teens reporting poorer family
environments.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903297148},
Key = {fds276872}
}
@article{fds276781,
Author = {Vitiello, B and Brent, DA and Greenhill, LL and Emslie, G and Wells, K and Walkup, JT and Stanley, B and Bukstein, O and Kennard, BD and Compton,
S and Coffey, B and Cwik, MF and Posner, K and Wagner, A and March, JS and Riddle, M and Goldstein, T and Curry, J and Capasso, L and Mayes, T and Shen, S and Gugga, SS and Turner, JB and Barnett, S and Zelazny,
J},
Title = {Depressive symptoms and clinical status during the Treatment
of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA) Study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {997-1004},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5db66},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the course of depression during the
treatment of adolescents with depression who had recently
attempted suicide. METHOD: Adolescents (N = 124), ages 12 to
18 years, with a 90-day history of suicide attempt, a
current diagnosis of depressive disorder (96.0% had major
depressive disorder), and a Children's Depression Rating
Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) score of 36 or higher, entered a
6-month treatment with antidepressant medication,
cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on suicide prevention,
or their combination (Comb), at five academic sites.
Treatment assignment could be either random or chosen by
study participants. Intent-to-treat, mixed effects
regression models of depression and other relevant ratings
were estimated. Improvement and remission rates were
computed with the last observation carried forward. RESULTS:
Most patients (n = 104 or 84%) chose treatment assignment,
and overall, three fourths (n = 93) received Comb. In Comb,
CDRS-R declined from a baseline adjusted mean of 49.6 (SD
12.3) to 38.3 (8.0) at week 12 and to 27.0 (10.1) at week 24
(p < .0001), with a Clinical Global Impression -defined
improvement rate of 58.0% at week 12 and 72.2% at week 24
and a remission (CDRS-R ≤ 28) rate of 32.5% at week 12 and
50.0% at week 24. The CDRS-R and the Scale for Suicidal
Ideation scores were correlated at baseline (r = 0.43, p <
.0001) and declined in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: When
vigorously treated with a combination of medication and
psychotherapy, adolescents with depression who have recently
attempted suicide show rates of improvement and remission of
depression that seem comparable to those observed in
nonsuicidal adolescents with depression.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5db66},
Key = {fds276781}
}
@article{fds276832,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Powell, NP and Boxmeyer, CL and Qu, L and Wells, KC and Windle, M},
Title = {Implementation of a School-Based Prevention Program: Effects
of Counselor and School Characteristics},
Journal = {Professional Psychology: Research and Practice},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {476-482},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0735-7028},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015013},
Abstract = {The authors explore 2 broad categories of factors that could
influence the intervention dissemination process: individual
interventionist characteristics and school-level
characteristics. Counselors from 32 schools received
training in the Coping Power youth violence prevention
intervention. Interventionist characteristics found to
affect the implementation process included counselors'
agreeableness and conscientiousness. Counselor agreeableness
was positively associated with completion of session
objectives, the number of sessions scheduled, and engagement
with parents. Counselor conscientiousness was associated
with engagement with children. In terms of school-level
characteristics, counselors who were cynical about
organizational change had poorer quality of engagement with
children and parents if they worked in schools with
environments that allowed staff limited autonomy and with
greater managerial control. These findings have implications
for screening of practitioners for training of
evidence-based programs and for providing education during
intervention training about practitioner and setting
characteristics that are related to optimal intervention
implementation. © 2009 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0015013},
Key = {fds276832}
}
@article{fds276873,
Author = {Stanley, B and Brown, G and Brent, DA and Wells, K and Poling, K and Curry,
J and Kennard, BD and Wagner, A and Cwik, MF and Klomek, AB and Goldstein,
T and Vitiello, B and Barnett, S and Daniel, S and Hughes,
J},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention
(CBT-SP): treatment model, feasibility, and
acceptability.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1005-1013},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbfe},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the elements of a manual-based
cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP)
and to report its feasibility in preventing the recurrence
of suicidal behavior in adolescents who have recently
attempted suicide. METHOD: The CBT-SP was developed using a
risk reduction and relapse prevention approach and
theoretically grounded in principles of cognitive-behavioral
therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and targeted
therapies for suicidal youths with depression. The CBT-SP
consists of acute and continuation phases, each lasting
about 12 sessions, and includes a chain analysis of the
suicidal event, safety plan development, skill building,
psychoeducation, family intervention, and relapse
prevention. RESULTS: The CBT-SP was administered to 110
recent suicide attempters with depression aged 13 to 19
years (mean 15.8 years, SD 1.6) across five academic sites.
Twelve or more sessions were completed by 72.4% of the
sample. CONCLUSIONS: A specific intervention for adolescents
at high risk for repeated suicide attempts has been
developed and manual based, and further testing of its
efficacy seems feasible.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbfe},
Key = {fds276873}
}
@article{fds276874,
Author = {Brent, DA and Greenhill, LL and Compton, S and Emslie, G and Wells, K and Walkup, JT and Vitiello, B and Bukstein, O and Stanley, B and Posner, K and Kennard, BD and Cwik, MF and Wagner, A and Coffey, B and March, JS and Riddle, M and Goldstein, T and Curry, J and Barnett, S and Capasso, L and Zelazny, J and Hughes, J and Shen, S and Gugga, SS and Turner,
JB},
Title = {The Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters study (TASA):
predictors of suicidal events in an open treatment
trial.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {987-996},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19730274},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of suicidal events and
attempts in adolescent suicide attempters with depression
treated in an open treatment trial. METHOD: Adolescents who
had made a recent suicide attempt and had unipolar
depression (n =124) were either randomized (n = 22) or given
a choice (n = 102) among three conditions. Two participants
withdrew before treatment assignment. The remaining 124
youths received a specialized psychotherapy for suicide
attempting adolescents (n = 17), a medication algorithm (n =
14), or the combination (n = 93). The participants were
followed up 6 months after intake with respect to rate,
timing, and predictors of a suicidal event (attempt or acute
suicidal ideation necessitating emergency referral).
RESULTS: The morbid risks of suicidal events and attempts on
6-month follow-up were 0.19 and 0.12, respectively, with a
median time to event of 44 days. Higher self-rated
depression, suicidal ideation, family income, greater number
of previous suicide attempts, lower maximum lethality of
previous attempt, history of sexual abuse, and lower family
cohesion predicted the occurrence, and earlier time to
event, with similar findings for the outcome of attempts. A
slower decline in suicidal ideation was associated with the
occurrence of a suicidal event. CONCLUSIONS: In this open
trial, the 6-month morbid risks for suicidal events and for
reattempts were lower than those in other comparable
samples, suggesting that this intervention should be studied
further. Important treatment targets include suicidal
ideation, family cohesion, and sequelae of previous abuse.
Because 40% of events occurred with 4 weeks of intake, an
emphasis on safety planning and increased therapeutic
contact early in treatment may be warranted.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbe4},
Key = {fds276874}
}
@article{fds276879,
Author = {Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team, and March, J and Silva, S and Curry, J and Wells, K and Fairbank, J and Burns, B and Domino, M and Vitiello, B and Severe, J and Riedal, K and Goldman, M and Feeny, N and Findling, R and Stull, S and Baab, S and Weller, EB and Robbins, M and Weller, RA and Jessani, N and Waslick, B and Sweeney, M and Dublin, R and Walkup, J and Ginsburg, G and Kastelic, E and Koo, H and Kratochvil, C and May, D and LaGrone, R and Vaughan, B and Albano, AM and Hirsch, GS and Podniesinki, E and Chu, A and Reincecke,
M and Leventhal, B and Rogers, G and Jacobs, R and Pathak, S and Wells, J and Lavanier, SA and Danielyan, A and Rohde, P and Simons, A and Grimm, J and Frank, S and Emslie, G and Kennard, B and Hughes, C and Mayes, TL and Rosenberg, D and Benazon, N and Butkus, M and Bartoi,
M},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS):
outcomes over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {166},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1141-1149},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723787},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression
Study (TADS) evaluates the effectiveness of fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination in
adolescents with major depressive disorder. The authors
report effectiveness outcomes across a 1-year naturalistic
follow-up period. METHOD: The randomized, controlled trial
was conducted in 13 academic and community sites in the
United States. Stages I, II, and III consisted of 12, 6, and
18 weeks of acute, consolidation, and continuation
treatment, respectively. Following discontinuation of TADS
treatments at the end of stage III, stage IV consisted of 1
year of naturalistic follow-up. The participants were 327
subjects between the ages of 12 and 17 with a primary DSM-IV
diagnosis of major depressive disorder. No TADS treatment
was provided during the follow-up period; treatment was
available in the community. The primary dependent measures,
rated by an independent evaluator blind to treatment status,
were the total score on the Children's Depression Rating
Scale-Revised and the rate of response, defined as a rating
of much or very much improved on the Clinical Global
Impressions improvement measure. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent
of the eligible subjects participated in at least one stage
IV assessment. The benefits seen at the end of active
treatment (week 36) persisted during follow-up on all
measures of depression and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS: In
contrast to earlier reports on short-term treatments, in
which worsening after treatment is the rule, the longer
treatment in the TADS was associated with persistent
benefits over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08111620},
Key = {fds276879}
}
@article{fds276831,
Author = {Fite, PJ and Wynn, P and Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {The influence of neighborhood disadvantage and perceived
disapproval on early substance use initiation.},
Journal = {Addict Behav},
Volume = {34},
Number = {9},
Pages = {769-771},
Year = {2009},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473772},
Abstract = {The current study examined the role of neighborhood
disadvantage, perceived caregiver disapproval, and perceived
peer disapproval in early initiation of substance use in a
sample of 126 aggressive 9th graders (66% male; 79% African
American). Findings suggested that perceived caregiver and
peer disapproval as well as neighborhood disadvantage were
associated with early substance use initiation. However,
when associations were simultaneously examined, neighborhood
disadvantage was the only factor related to early substance
use initiation. Implications for findings are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.05.002},
Key = {fds276831}
}
@article{fds276830,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Boxmeyer, C and Powell, N and Qu, L and Wells, K and Windle, M},
Title = {Dissemination of the Coping Power program: importance of
intensity of counselor training.},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {397-409},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19485582},
Abstract = {This study examined an important but rarely investigated
aspect of the dissemination process: the intensity of
training provided to practitioners. Counselors in 57 schools
were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: Coping
Power-training plus feedback (CP-TF), Coping Power-basic
training (CP-BT), or a comparison condition. CP-TF
counselors produced reductions in children's externalizing
behavior problems and improvements in children's social and
academic skills in comparison to results for target children
in both the comparison and the CP-BT conditions. Training
intensity was critical for successful dissemination,
although the implementation mechanism underlying this effect
remains unclear, as condition effects were not significant
for completion of session objectives but were significant
for the quality of counselors' engagement with
children.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0014514},
Key = {fds276830}
}
@article{fds276827,
Author = {Molina, BSG and Hinshaw, SP and Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Vitiello,
B and Jensen, PS and Epstein, JN and Hoza, B and Hechtman, L and Abikoff,
HB and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Newcorn, JH and Wells, KC and Wigal, T and Gibbons, RD and Hur, K and Houck, PR and MTA Cooperative
Group},
Title = {The MTA at 8 years: prospective follow-up of children
treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite
study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {5},
Pages = {484-500},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819c23d0},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine any long-term effects, 6 and 8
years after childhood enrollment, of the randomly assigned
14-month treatments in the NIMH Collaborative Multisite
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA; N = 436); to
test whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
symptom trajectory through 3 years predicts outcome in
subsequent years; and to examine functioning level of the
MTA adolescents relative to their non-ADHD peers (local
normative comparison group; N = 261). METHOD: Mixed-effects
regression models with planned contrasts at 6 and 8 years
tested a wide range of symptom and impairment variables
assessed by parent, teacher, and youth report. RESULTS: In
nearly every analysis, the originally randomized treatment
groups did not differ significantly on repeated measures or
newly analyzed variables (e.g., grades earned in school,
arrests, psychiatric hospitalizations, other clinically
relevant outcomes). Medication use decreased by 62% after
the 14-month controlled trial, but adjusting for this did
not change the results. ADHD symptom trajectory in the first
3 years predicted 55% of the outcomes. The MTA participants
fared worse than the local normative comparison group on 91%
of the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS: Type or intensity of
14 months of treatment for ADHD in childhood (at age 7.0-9.9
years) does not predict functioning 6 to 8 years later.
Rather, early ADHD symptom trajectory regardless of
treatment type is prognostic. This finding implies that
children with behavioral and sociodemographic advantage,
with the best response to any treatment, will have the best
long-term prognosis. As a group, however, despite initial
symptom improvement during treatment that is largely
maintained after treatment, children with combined-type ADHD
exhibit significant impairment in adolescence. Innovative
treatment approaches targeting specific areas of adolescent
impairment are needed.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819c23d0},
Key = {fds276827}
}
@article{fds276828,
Author = {Pappadopulos, E and Jensen, PS and Chait, AR and Arnold, LE and Swanson,
JM and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Chuang, S and Wells, KC and Pelham, W and Cooper, T and Elliott, G and Newcorn,
JH},
Title = {Medication adherence in the MTA: saliva methylphenidate
samples versus parent report and mediating effect of
concomitant behavioral treatment.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {5},
Pages = {501-510},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819c23ed},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although research supports the use of
appropriately administered stimulant medication to treat
children with ADHD, poor adherence and early termination
undermine the efficacy of this treatment in real-world
settings. Moreover, adherence measures often rely on parent
report of medication use, and their validity and reliability
are unknown. METHOD: Drawing on data from 254 participants
in the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder, we examine the discrepancy between parents' verbal
reports of medication adherence and physiological adherence
measures determined via methylphenidate saliva assays
collected at four time points during the 14-month treatment
period. In addition, we examine the impact of
physiologically documented medication adherence on parent-
and teacher-reported outcomes through 14 months. RESULTS:
Overall, nearly one fourth (24.5%) of the saliva samples
indicated nonadherence. Among subjects, 63 (24.8%) of the
254 participants were nonadherent on 50% or more of their
repeated saliva assays. Only 136 (53.5%) of the subjects
were adherent at every time point at which saliva assays
were taken, indicating that some degree of nonadherence
characterized nearly half of all other NIMH Collaborative
Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-treated children.
Findings also indicated that nonadherence produced greater
deleterious effects in children in the medication-only
condition compared with those receiving both medication and
behavioral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Same-day saliva
methylphenidate assays suggest that nearly half of the
parents are inaccurate informants of their child's ADHD
medication adherence and that parents may overestimate
actual (physiological) adherence. This finding suggests the
need for interventions to improve accuracy of parental
report. Clinicians need to focus on adherence enhancement
strategies to improve outcomes of children being treated
with medication, particularly when benefits are
suboptimal.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819c23ed},
Key = {fds276828}
}
@article{fds276829,
Author = {Fite, PJ and Wynn, P and Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {The effect of neighborhood disadvantage on proactive and
reactive aggression},
Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {4},
Pages = {542-546},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0090-4392},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20306},
Abstract = {The current study examined the effect of neighborhood
disadvantage on proactive and reactive aggression in a
sample of 126 children (66% male) identified as aggressive.
Sixth-grade proactive and reactive aggression was regressed
on fifth-grade proactive and reactive aggression,
neighborhood disadvantage, gender, and race. Findings
suggested that neighborhood disadvantage was a significant
unique predictor of proactive but not reactive aggression.
Implications for findings are discussed. © 2009 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/jcop.20306},
Key = {fds276829}
}
@article{fds276826,
Author = {Barry, TD and Dunlap, ST and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Inconsistent discipline as a mediator between maternal
distress and aggression in boys},
Journal = {Child & Family Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {31},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-19},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0731-7107},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317100802701186},
Abstract = {The current study examines inconsistent discipline as a
mediator in the association between maternal distress and
child aggression and attention problems. Participants were
215 boys, ranging in age from 9 to 12 years, and their
mothers. Mothers provided self-report data on socioeconomic
status (SES), parenting stress, maternal distress
(depression and anxiety/somatization), and use of parenting
practices. They also rated their sons' levels of aggression
and attention problems. Of five parenting practices
measured, inconsistent discipline was most clearly related
to the maternal and child variables of interest. Regression
analyses indicated that inconsistent discipline partially
mediated the relation between maternal distress and child
aggression, when controlling for SES and stress, whereas the
mediating role of inconsistent discipline in the association
between maternal distress and attention problems was not
supported. The different pattern for attention problems,
which also includes nondisruptive behaviors, suggests that
this mediation may be specific to certain types of child
behavior. Given that aggressive behaviors in childhood often
lead to more serious delinquency in adolescence, these
findings are important for informing prevention and
intervention efforts. The need for future research to
examine other mediators also is discussed. © Taylor &
Francis Group, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/07317100802701186},
Key = {fds276826}
}
@article{fds276838,
Author = {Murray, DW and Arnold, LE and Swanson, J and Wells, K and Burns, K and Jensen, P and Hechtman, L and Paykina, N and Legato, L and Strauss,
T},
Title = {A clinical review of outcomes of the multimodal treatment
study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (MTA).},
Journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {424-431},
Year = {2008},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18803917},
Abstract = {Over the past decade, the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder has
provided a bewildering wealth of data (more than 70
peer-reviewed articles) addressing treatment-related
questions for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder. However, the take-home messages for clinicians may
not always be clear. Therefore, this article reviews key
findings, including relative benefits of medication and
behavioral treatments, long-term effects at 2 and 3 years,
treatment mediators and moderators, preliminary delinquency
and substance use outcomes, and growth suppression related
to stimulant use. Appropriate interpretations of the
findings and their limitations are discussed, and
recommendations for clinical practice are
derived.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11920-008-0068-4},
Key = {fds276838}
}
@article{fds276824,
Author = {Swanson, J and Arnold, LE and Kraemer, H and Hechtman, L and Molina, B and Hinshaw, S and Vitiello, B and Jensen, P and Steinhoff, K and Lerner, M and Greenhill, L and Abikoff, H and Wells, K and Epstein, J and Elliott, G and Newcorn, J and Hoza, B and Wigal, T and MTA Cooperative
Group},
Title = {Evidence, interpretation, and qualification from multiple
reports of long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment
Study of children with ADHD (MTA): Part II: supporting
details.},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-43},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054708319525},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review and provide details about the primary
and secondary findings from the Multimodal Treatment study
of ADHD (MTA) published during the past decade as three sets
of articles. METHOD: In the second of a two part article, we
provide additional background and detail required by the
complexity of the MTA to address confusion and controversy
about the findings outlined in part I (the Executive
Summary). RESULTS: We present details about the gold
standard used to produce scientific evidence, the randomized
clinical trial (RCT), which we applied to evaluate the
long-term effects of two well-established unimodal
treatments, Medication Management (MedMGT) and behavior
therapy (Beh), the multimodal combination (Comb), and
treatment "as usual" in the community (CC). For each of the
first three assessment points defined by RCT methods and
included in intent-to-treat analyses, we discuss our
definition of evidence from the MTA, interpretation of the
serial presentations of findings at each assessment point
with a different definition of long-term varying from weeks
to years, and qualification of the interim conclusions about
long-term effects of treatments for ADHD based on many
exploratory analyses described in additional published
articles. CONCLUSIONS: Using a question and answer format,
we discuss the possible clinical relevance of the MTA and
present some practical suggestions based on current
knowledge and uncertainties facing families, clinicians, and
investigators regarding the long-term use of stimulant
medication and behavioral therapy in the treatment of
children with ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054708319525},
Key = {fds276824}
}
@article{fds276825,
Author = {Swanson, J and Arnold, LE and Kraemer, H and Hechtman, L and Molina, B and Hinshaw, S and Vitiello, B and Jensen, P and Steinhoff, K and Lerner, M and Greenhill, L and Abikoff, H and Wells, K and Epstein, J and Elliott, G and Newcorn, J and Hoza, B and Wigal, T and MTA Cooperative
Group},
Title = {Evidence, interpretation, and qualification from multiple
reports of long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment
study of Children With ADHD (MTA): part I: executive
summary.},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {12},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4-14},
Year = {2008},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054708319345},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the primary and secondary findings from
the Multimodal Treatment study of ADHD (MTA) published over
the past decade as three sets of articles. METHOD: In a
two-part article-Part I: Executive Summary (without
distracting details) and Part II: Supporting Details (with
additional background and detail required by the complexity
of the MTA)-we address confusion and controversy about the
findings. RESULTS: We discuss the basic features of the gold
standard used to produce scientific evidence, the randomized
clinical trial, for which was used to contrast four
treatment conditions: medication management alone (MedMgt),
behavior therapy alone (Beh), the combination of these two
(Comb), and a community comparison of treatment "as usual"
(CC). For each of the three assessment points we review
three areas that we believe are important for appreciation
of the findings: definition of evidence from the MTA,
interpretation of the serial presentations of findings at
each assessment point with a different definition of
long-term, and qualification of the interim conclusions
about long-term effects of treatments for ADHD. CONCLUSION:
We discuss the possible clinical relevance of the MTA and
present some practical suggestions based on current
knowledge and uncertainties facing families, clinicians, and
investigators regarding the long-term use of stimulant
medication and behavioral therapy in the treatment of
children with ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054708319345},
Key = {fds276825}
}
@article{fds276823,
Author = {Fite, PJ and Colder, CR and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Developmental trajectories of proactive and reactive
aggression from fifth to ninth grade.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {37},
Number = {2},
Pages = {412-421},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18470777},
Abstract = {This study examined the developmental trajectories of
proactive and reactive aggression from 5th to 9th grade in a
sample of 126 children (66% male) screened to be in the top
31% on a measure of aggression. Prospective relations
between proactive and reactive aggression and delinquency
were also examined. Findings suggested that levels of both
proactive and reactive aggression peaked in the 6th grade
and declined thereafter. Delinquency was stable from 5th to
9th grade. Neither change in proactive nor reactive
aggression were associated with overall levels of
delinquency from 5th to 9th grade. However, 1-year
cross-lagged paths indicated that proactive aggression
predicted increases in delinquency, not vice
versa.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410801955920},
Key = {fds276823}
}
@article{fds276822,
Author = {Fite, PJ and Colder, CR and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {The relation between childhood proactive and reactive
aggression and substance use initiation.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {261-271},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823863},
Abstract = {The current study examined whether proactive and reactive
aggression were associated with the risk for initiation of
substance use from fourth to ninth grade in a sample of 126
aggressive children (66% male). In addition, the study
examined whether these functions of aggression increased
risk for initiation via peer delinquency and peer rejection.
Proactive aggression was marginally significantly directly
associated with risk for initiation of alcohol use and
indirectly associated with risk for initiation of marijuana
and tobacco use through peer delinquency. Reactive
aggression was associated with increased risk for initiation
of tobacco and marijuana use through a complex chain that
included both peer rejection and peer delinquency. However,
high levels of reactive aggression that did not lead to peer
rejection were negatively associated with risk for
initiation of tobacco and marijuana use. Implications for
intervention are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10802-007-9175-7},
Key = {fds276822}
}
@article{fds276878,
Author = {March, JS and Silva, S and Petrycki, S and Curry, J and Wells, K and Fairbank, J and Burns, B and Domino, M and McNulty, S and Vitiello, B and Severe, J},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS):
long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {64},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1132-1143},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17909125},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study
evaluates the effectiveness of fluoxetine hydrochloride
therapy, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and their
combination in adolescents with major depressive disorder.
OBJECTIVE: To report effectiveness outcomes across 36 weeks
of randomized treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized,
controlled trial conducted in 13 academic and community
sites in the United States. Cognitive behavior and
combination therapies were not masked, whereas
administration of placebo and fluoxetine was double-blind
through 12 weeks, after which treatments were unblinded.
Patients assigned to placebo were treated openly after week
12, and the placebo group is not included in these analyses
by design. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred twenty-seven patients
aged 12 to 17 years with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of major
depressive disorder. INTERVENTIONS: All treatments were
administered per protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The
primary dependent measures rated blind to treatment status
by an independent evaluator were the Children's Depression
Rating Scale-Revised total score and the response rate,
defined as a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score
of much or very much improved. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat
analyses on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised
identified a significant time x treatment interaction (P <
.001). Rates of response were 73% for combination therapy,
62% for fluoxetine therapy, and 48% for CBT at week 12; 85%
for combination therapy, 69% for fluoxetine therapy, and 65%
for CBT at week 18; and 86% for combination therapy, 81% for
fluoxetine therapy, and 81% for CBT at week 36. Suicidal
ideation decreased with treatment, but less so with
fluoxetine therapy than with combination therapy or CBT.
Suicidal events were more common in patients receiving
fluoxetine therapy (14.7%) than combination therapy (8.4%)
or CBT (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents with moderate to
severe depression, treatment with fluoxetine alone or in
combination with CBT accelerates the response. Adding CBT to
medication enhances the safety of medication. Taking
benefits and harms into account, combined treatment appears
superior to either monotherapy as a treatment for major
depression in adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132},
Key = {fds276878}
}
@article{fds276821,
Author = {Fite, PJ and Colder, CR and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Pathways from proactive and reactive aggression to substance
use.},
Journal = {Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society
of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors},
Volume = {21},
Number = {3},
Pages = {355-364},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0893-164X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17874886},
Abstract = {Childhood aggression is a known risk factor for adolescent
substance use; however, aggression is a complex construct,
and developmental researchers have identified a variety of
subdimensions that may be germane to substance use. Very
little research has examined risk pathways from
subdimensions of aggression. The current study examined a
developmental model and tested whether childhood proactive
aggression, reactive aggression, or both were related to the
development of substance use in adolescence in a sample of
126 children (mean age at initial assessment = 10.4 years,
SD = 0.51). Peer rejection and peer delinquency were
examined as potential mediators of these relations. The
findings suggest that proactive aggression was indirectly
associated with substance use through peer delinquency.
Reactive aggression was also indirectly associated with
substance use through a complex mediational chain, such that
high levels of reactive aggression were associated with high
levels of peer rejection, which in turn were associated with
peer delinquency (p = .06), which subsequently predicted
substance use.},
Doi = {10.1037/0893-164X.21.3.355},
Key = {fds276821}
}
@article{fds276865,
Author = {Molina, BSG and Flory, K and Hinshaw, SP and Greiner, AR and Arnold, LE and Swanson, JM and Hechtman, L and Jensen, PS and Vitiello, B and Hoza, B and Pelham, WE and Elliott, GR and Wells, KC and Abikoff, HB and Gibbons,
RD and Marcus, S and Conners, CK and Epstein, JN and Greenhill, LL and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Severe, JB and Wigal,
T},
Title = {Delinquent behavior and emerging substance use in the MTA at
36 months: prevalence, course, and treatment
effects.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1028-1040},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667481},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare delinquent behavior and early
substance use between the children in the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA; N = 487) and
those in a local normative comparison group (n = 272) at 24
and 36 months postrandomization and to test whether these
outcomes were predicted by the randomly assigned treatments
and subsequent self-selected prescribed medications. METHOD:
Most MTA children were 11 to 13 years old by 36 months.
Delinquency seriousness was coded ordinally from multiple
measures/reporters; child-reported substance use was binary.
RESULTS: Relative to local normative comparison group, MTA
children had significantly higher rates of delinquency
(e.g., 27.1% vs. 7.4% at 36 months; p = .000) and substance
use (e.g., 17.4% vs. 7.8% at 36 months; p = .001). Children
randomized to intensive behavior therapy reported less
24-month substance use than other MTA children (p = .02).
Random effects ordinal growth models revealed no other
effects of initial treatment assignment on delinquency
seriousness or substance use. By 24 and 36 months, more days
of prescribed medication were associated with more serious
delinquency but not substance use. CONCLUSIONS:
Cause-and-effect relationships between medication treatment
and delinquency are unclear; the absence of associations
between medication treatment and substance use needs to be
re-evaluated at older ages. Findings underscore the need for
continuous monitoring of these outcomes as children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder enter
adolescence.},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e3180686d96},
Key = {fds276865}
}
@article{fds276866,
Author = {Jensen, PS and Arnold, LE and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Abikoff,
HB and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Pelham, WE and Wells, KC and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Epstein, JN and Hoza, B and March, JS and Molina, BSG and Newcorn, JH and Severe, JB and Wigal, T and Gibbons, RD and Hur, K},
Title = {3-year follow-up of the NIMH MTA study.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {989-1002},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667478},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In the intent-to-treat analysis of the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA), the effects of
medication management (MedMgt), behavior therapy (Beh),
their combination (Comb), and usual community care (CC)
differed at 14 and 24 months due to superiority of
treatments that used the MTA medication algorithm
(Comb+MedMgt) over those that did not (Beh+CC). This report
examines 36-month outcomes, 2 years after treatment by the
study ended. METHOD: For primary outcome measures
(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and
oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] symptoms, social skills,
reading scores, impairment, and diagnostic status),
mixed-effects regression models and orthogonal contrasts
examined 36-month outcomes. RESULTS: At 3 years, 485 of the
original 579 subjects (83.8%) participated in the follow-up,
now at ages 10 to 13 years, (mean 11.9 years). In contrast
to the significant advantage of MedMgt+Comb over Beh+CC for
ADHD symptoms at 14 and 24 months, treatment groups did not
differ significantly on any measure at 36 months. The
percentage of children taking medication >50% of the time
changed between 14 and 36 months across the initial
treatment groups: Beh significantly increased (14% to 45%),
MedMed+Comb significantly decreased (91% to 71%), and CC
remained constant (60%-62%). Regardless of their treatment
use changes, all of the groups showed symptom improvement
over baseline. Notably, initial symptom severity, sex
(male), comorbidity, public assistance, and parental
psychopathology (ADHD) did not moderate children's 36-month
treatment responses, but these factors predicted worse
outcomes over 36 months, regardless of original treatment
assignment. CONCLUSIONS: By 36 months, the earlier advantage
of having had 14 months of the medication algorithm was no
longer apparent, possibly due to age-related decline in ADHD
symptoms, changes in medication management intensity,
starting or stopping medications altogether, or other
factors not yet evaluated.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3180686d48},
Key = {fds276866}
}
@article{fds276867,
Author = {Swanson, JM and Hinshaw, SP and Arnold, LE and Gibbons, RD and Marcus,
S and Hur, K and Jensen, PS and Vitiello, B and Abikoff, HB and Greenhill,
LL and Hechtman, L and Pelham, WE and Wells, KC and Conners, CK and March,
JS and Elliott, GR and Epstein, JN and Hoagwood, K and Hoza, B and Molina,
BSG and Newcorn, JH and Severe, JB and Wigal, T},
Title = {Secondary evaluations of MTA 36-month outcomes: propensity
score and growth mixture model analyses.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1003-1014},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667479},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate two hypotheses: that self-selection
bias contributed to lack of medication advantage at the
36-month assessment of the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children With ADHD (MTA) and that overall improvement over
time obscured treatment effects in subgroups with different
outcome trajectories. METHOD: Propensity score analyses,
using baseline characteristics and severity of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms at
follow-up, established five subgroups (quintiles) based on
tendency to take medication at the 36-month assessment.
Growth mixture model (GMM) analyses were performed to
identify subgroups (classes) with different patterns of
outcome over time. RESULTS: All five propensity subgroups
showed initial advantage of medication that disappeared by
the 36-month assessment. GMM analyses identified
heterogeneity of trajectories over time and three classes:
class 1 (34% of the MTA sample) with initial small
improvement followed by gradual improvement that produced
significant medication effects; class 2 (52%) with initial
large improvement maintained for 3 years and
overrepresentation of cases treated with the MTA Medication
Algorithm; and class 3 (14%) with initial large improvement
followed by deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: We failed to confirm
the self-selection hypothesis. We found suggestive evidence
of residual but not current benefits of assigned medication
in class 2 and small current benefits of actual treatment
with medication in class 1.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3180686d63},
Key = {fds276867}
}
@article{fds276875,
Author = {Swanson, JM and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Wigal, T and Arnold,
LE and Vitiello, B and Hechtman, L and Epstein, JN and Pelham, WE and Abikoff, HB and Newcorn, JH and Molina, BSG and Hinshaw, SP and Wells,
KC and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Gibbons, RD and Hur, K and Stehli, A and Davies, M and March, JS and Conners, CK and Caron, M and Volkow,
ND},
Title = {Effects of stimulant medication on growth rates across 3
years in the MTA follow-up.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1015-1027},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667480},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis of stimulant
medication effect on physical growth in the follow-up phase
of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD.
METHOD: Naturalistic subgroups were established based on
patterns of treatment with stimulant medication at baseline,
14-, 24-, and 36-month assessments: not medicated (n = 65),
newly medicated (n = 88), consistently medicated (n = 70),
and inconsistently medicated (n = 147). Analysis of variance
was used to evaluate effects of subgroup and assessment time
on measures of relative size (z scores) obtained from growth
norms. RESULTS: The subgroup x assessment time interaction
was significant for z height (p <.005) and z weight (p
<.0001), due primarily to divergence of the newly medicated
and the not medicated subgroups. These initially
stimulant-naïve subgroups had z scores significantly >0 at
baseline. The newly medicated subgroup showed decreases in
relative size that reached asymptotes by the 36-month
assessment, when this group showed average growth of 2.0 cm
and 2.7 kg less than the not medicated subgroup, which
showed slight increases in relative size. CONCLUSIONS:
Stimulant-naïve school-age children with Combined type
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were, as a group,
larger than expected from norms before treatment but show
stimulant-related decreases in growth rates after initiation
of treatment, which appeared to reach asymptotes within 3
years without evidence of growth rebound.},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e3180686d7e},
Key = {fds276875}
}
@article{fds276820,
Author = {Gerdes, AC and Hoza, B and Arnold, LE and Hinshaw, SP and Wells, KC and Hechtman, L and Greenhill, LL and Swanson, JM and Pelham, WE and Wigal,
T},
Title = {Child and parent predictors of perceptions of parent--child
relationship quality.},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-48},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054706295664},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE/METHOD: Predictors of perceptions of parent-child
relationship quality were examined for 175 children with
ADHD, 119 comparison children, and parents of these
children, drawn from the follow-up phase of the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. RESULTS/CONCLUSION:
Children with ADHD perceived their mothers and fathers as
more power assertive than comparison children. Children
higher on depressive symptomatology also perceived their
mothers and fathers as less warm and more power assertive.
Mothers perceived themselves as more power assertive and
fathers perceived themselves as less warm if they were
higher on depressive symptomatology themselves or had
children with ADHD or higher levels of depressive
symptomatology. Several interactions indicated that the
association between child factors and parental perceptions
of warmth and power assertion often depended on parental
depressive symptomatology. The findings resolve a previous
contradiction in the literature regarding the relationship
between child depressive symptoms and parental perceptions
of parent-child relationship quality.},
Doi = {10.1177/1087054706295664},
Key = {fds276820}
}
@article{fds276864,
Author = {Vitiello, B and Rohde, P and Silva, S and Wells, K and Casat, C and Waslick, B and Simons, A and Reinecke, M and Weller, E and Kratochvil,
C and Walkup, J and Pathak, S and Robins, M and March, J and TADS
Team},
Title = {Functioning and quality of life in the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1419-1426},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000242229.52646.6e},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test whether 12-week treatment of major
depression improved the level of functioning, global health,
and quality of life of adolescents. METHOD: The Treatment
for Adolescents With Depression Study was a multisite,
randomized clinical trial of fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination
(COMB), or clinical management with placebo in 439
adolescents with major depression. Functioning was measured
with the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), global
health with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for
Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA), and quality of life with
the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction
Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q). Random-effects regression models
were applied to the data. RESULTS: Compared with placebo,
COMB was effective on the CGAS (p < .0001), HoNOSCA (p <
.05), and PQ-LES-Q (p < .001), whereas fluoxetine was
superior to placebo on the CGAS only (p < .05). COMB was
superior to fluoxetine on the CGAS (p < .05) and PQ-LES-Q (p
= .001). Fluoxetine was superior to CBT on the CGAS (p <
.01). CBT monotherapy was not statistically different from
the placebo group on any of the measures assessed. Treatment
effects were mediated by improvement in depressive symptoms
measured on the Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised.
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of fluoxetine and CBT was
effective in improving functioning, global health, and
quality of life in depressed adolescents. Fluoxetine
monotherapy improved functioning.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000242229.52646.6e},
Key = {fds276864}
}
@article{fds276871,
Author = {Curry, J and Rohde, P and Simons, A and Silva, S and Vitiello, B and Kratochvil, C and Reinecke, M and Feeny, N and Wells, K and Pathak, S and Weller, E and Rosenberg, D and Kennard, B and Robins, M and Ginsburg, G and March, J and TADS Team},
Title = {Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the Treatment
for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1427-1439},
Year = {2006},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000240838.78984.e2},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors and moderators of response
to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439)
randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT), both fluoxetine and CBT, or clinical
management with pill placebo in the Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS). METHOD: Potential
baseline predictors and moderators were identified by a
literature review. The outcome measure was a week 12
predicted score derived from the Children's Depression
Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). For each candidate moderator
or predictor, a general linear model was conducted to
examine main and interactive effects of treatment and the
candidate variable on the CDRS-R predicted scores. RESULTS:
Adolescents who were younger, less chronically depressed,
higher functioning, and less hopeless with less suicidal
ideation, fewer melancholic features or comorbid diagnoses,
and greater expectations for improvement were more likely to
benefit acutely than their counterparts. Combined treatment,
under no condition less effective than monotherapy, was more
effective than fluoxetine for mild to moderate depression
and for depression with high levels of cognitive distortion,
but not for severe depression or depression with low levels
of cognitive distortion. Adolescents from high-income
families were as likely to benefit from CBT alone as from
combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Younger and less severely
impaired adolescents are likely to respond better to acute
treatment than older, more impaired, or multiply comorbid
adolescents. Family income level, cognitive distortions, and
severity of depression may help clinicians to choose among
acute interventions, but combined treatment proved robust in
the presence of moderators.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000240838.78984.e2},
Key = {fds276871}
}
@article{fds276863,
Author = {Wells, KC and Chi, TC and Hinshaw, SP and Epstein, JN and Pfiffner, L and Nebel-Schwalm, M and Owens, EB and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoza,
B and Jensen, PS and March, J and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe,
JB and Swanson, J and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T},
Title = {Treatment-related changes in objectively measured parenting
behaviors in the multimodal treatment study of children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {74},
Number = {4},
Pages = {649-657},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16881772},
Abstract = {The present study examined treatment outcomes for
objectively measured parenting behavior in the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). Five hundred seventy-nine ethnically and
socioeconomically diverse children with ADHD-combined type
(ages 7.0-9.9 years) and their parent(s) were recruited at 6
sites in the United States and Canada and randomly assigned
to 1 of 4 treatment groups for 14 months of active
intervention: medication management (MedMgt), intensive
behavior therapy, combination of the 2 (Comb), or a
community-treated comparison (CC). Baseline and
posttreatment laboratory observations of parent-child
interactions were coded by observers blind to treatment
condition. Comb produced significantly greater improvements
in constructive parenting than did MedMgt or CC, with effect
sizes approaching medium for these contrasts. Treatment
effects on child behaviors were not significant. The authors
discuss the importance of changes in parenting behavior for
families of children with ADHD and the need for reliable and
objective measures in evaluating treatment
outcome.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.649},
Key = {fds276863}
}
@article{fds276862,
Author = {Epstein, JN and Conners, CK and Hervey, AS and Tonev, ST and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoagwood, K and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Wells, K and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T and MTA Cooperative Study
Group},
Title = {Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using
neuropsychological outcomes.},
Journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied
Disciplines},
Volume = {47},
Number = {5},
Pages = {446-456},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16671928},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: While studies have increasingly investigated
deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variability in
children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant
medication on these important neuropsychological outcome
measures. METHODS: 316 children who participated in the
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA)
completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at
the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included
standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit
reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an
Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau).
RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication
across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on
the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant
medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. CONCLUSIONS:
This demonstrates the importance of including analytic
strategies that can accurately model the actual
distributional pattern, including the positive skew.
Further, the results of the study relate to several
theoretical models of ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x},
Key = {fds276862}
}
@article{fds276819,
Author = {Fite, PJ and Colder, CR and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {The mutual influence of parenting and boys' externalizing
behavior problems},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {151-164},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2005.12.011},
Abstract = {The current study examined the mutual influence of parenting
and boys' externalizing behavior from 4th to 8th grade, how
these relationships change as children develop, and the
stability of parenting and child behavior in a sample of 122
boys. Child behavior predicted poor parental monitoring at
6th and 7th grade and inconsistent discipline at all grade
levels examined. Parenting behavior was not related to child
behavior above and beyond the stability of child behavior.
Stability of child behavior decreased from 5th to 6th grade
and stability of parental monitoring decreased from 5th-6th
and 6th-7th grade, suggesting that 6th grade was an
important transition point for both parenting and child
behavior. Implications of these findings for prevention and
intervention are discussed. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2005.12.011},
Key = {fds276819}
}
@article{fds276816,
Author = {Pardini, DA and Barry, TD and Barth, JM and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Self-perceived social acceptance and peer social standing in
children with aggressive-disruptive Behaviors},
Journal = {Social Development (Oxford, England)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {46-64},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0961-205X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00329.x},
Abstract = {Examining children's perceptions of their social acceptance
in conjunction with others' ratings of their peer social
standing can enhance our understanding of the heterogeneity
in children exhibiting disruptive behavior problems. Using a
sample of 213 youth rated in the top 31 percent of their
class on aggressive-disruptive behaviors, the current study
examined the interaction between children's perceptions of
their social acceptance and their peer-rated social standing
in predicting emotional and behavioral problems. Overall,
lower peer-rated social standing was associated with higher
levels of antisocial behavior, academic problems, and
hyperactivity/inattention. On the other hand, higher
self-perceived social acceptance was associated with
increased levels of peer-rated fighting at school. For
children who were rated as having high social standing among
their peers, poorer self-perceived social acceptance was
associated with increased oppositional behaviors and conduct
problems at home. In addition, children who reported lower
self-perceived social acceptance exhibited increased levels
of depressive symptoms, even when they were relatively well
liked by their peers. The potential implications for working
with subgroups of children with aggressive-disruptive
behaviors are discussed. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
2006.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00329.x},
Key = {fds276816}
}
@article{fds276815,
Author = {Arnold, LE and Elliott, M and Lindsay, RL and Molina, B and Cornelius,
MD and Vitiello, B and Hechtman, L and Elliott, GR and Newcorn, J and Epstein, JN and Wigal, T and Swanson, JM and Wells,
K},
Title = {Gestational and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure as
predictor of ADHD, comorbid ODD/CD, and treatment response
in the MTA},
Journal = {Clinical Neuroscience Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {295-306},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1566-2772},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.009},
Abstract = {Objective: To examine relationships among early smoke
exposure (ESE), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), oppositional-defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD),
and whether ESE affects symptom severity, comorbidity, and
later treatment response. Study design: The Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) had 468 children
with ADHD and 279 others from the same classrooms (local
normative comparison group, LNCG) with smoke-exposure data.
We compared ESE as 'gestational' or 'postnatal' (ambient
house smoke only, without gestational) between ADHD and
LNCG, and tested its association with ADHD severity,
comorbid ODD/CD, methylphenidate response, and differential
treatment response to four randomly assigned treatments.
Results: About 1/3 more ADHD than LNCG children had ESE
(both types), but association with gestational smoke
attenuated from P=0.024 to 0.094 when subjects with comorbid
ODD/CD were excluded, although total smoke exposure retained
significance (P=0.006). In the MTA/ADHD participants,
comorbid ODD/CD, and parent/teacher-rated ADHD and ODD
symptom severity were not associated with gestational
smoking, but severity of ODD was associated with postnatal
smoke, and for boys only, ADHD severity at 14 months
associated with postnatal smoke. When ODD and CD were
'unbundled', CD was associated (P=0.005) with gestational
smoke. Neither ESE moderated response to methylphenidate,
optimal dose, 2-year growth slowing, or differential ODD
symptom response to 14-months of 4 randomly assigned
treatments. However, for ADHD symptoms, postnatal smoke
moderated (P=0.008) the 14-month advantage of behavioral
treatment (Beh) over community-treated comparison (CC):
postnatally exposed boys benefited relatively more from Beh
(d>0.5). ADHD symptom improvement also showed significant
interaction of sex with gestational (P=0.015) and postnatal
(P=0.044) smoke moderator effect for the contrast of MTA
medication algorithm vs. Beh and CC: smoke-exposed girls did
not show the usual algorithm superiority. Conclusions: These
findings suggest possible moderating effects of postnatal
ESE on the advantage of intensive behavioral treatment and
sex-differential moderating effects of ESE on the advantage
of intensive medication over behavioral treatment. This
exploratory result requires replication. The findings do not
convincingly support the hypothesis that the association of
gestational smoking with offspring ADHD is accounted for by
comorbid ODD/CD. © 2005 Association for Research in Nervous
and Mental Disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.009},
Key = {fds276815}
}
@article{fds276817,
Author = {Santosh, PJ and Taylor, E and Swanson, J and Wigal, T and Chuang, S and Davies, M and Greenhill, L and Newcorn, J and Arnold, LE and Jensen, P and Vitiello, B and Elliott, G and Hinshaw, S and Hechtman, L and Abikoff,
H and Pelham, W and Hoza, B and Molina, B and Wells, K and Epstein, J and Posner, M},
Title = {Refining the diagnoses of inattention and overactivity
syndromes: A reanalysis of the Multimodal Treatment study of
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on
ICD-10 criteria for hyperkinetic disorder},
Journal = {Clinical Neuroscience Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {307-314},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1566-2772},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.010},
Abstract = {There are large differences between nations in the diagnosis
and management of children with marked impulsiveness and
inattention. The differences extend to the names and
definitions of disorder and the extent to which medication
should be used. This paper uses data from a large randomized
clinical trial of pharmacological and psychosocial
treatments, conducted in North America, to clarify its
implications for other parts of the world. A diagnostic
algorithm was applied to 579 children, diagnosed with
ADHD-Combined Type in the MTA trial, to generate the ICD-10
diagnosis of 'hyperkinetic disorder' (HD); only a quarter
met these more stringent criteria. HD was a moderator of
treatment response. The superiority of medication to
behavioral treatment was greater for children with HD.
Children with ADHD but not HD also showed some improvement
with medication. The results provide evidence for the
validity of HD as a subgroup of those presenting ADHD; and
suggest that treatment with stimulants is a high priority in
children with HD. Results also suggest that some children
with other forms of ADHD will respond better to medication
than to psychosocial intervention, and therefore that
European guidelines should extend their indications. © 2005
Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease.
Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.010},
Key = {fds276817}
}
@article{fds276818,
Author = {Galanter, CA and Pagar, DL and Davies, M and Li, W and Carlson, GA and Abikoff, HB and Arnold, LE and Bukstein, OG and Pelham, W and Elliott,
GR and Hinshaw, S and Epstein, JN and Wells, K and Hechtman, L and Newcorn,
JH and Greenhill, L and Wigal, T and Swanson, JM and Jensen,
PS},
Title = {ADHD and manic symptoms: Diagnostic and treatment
implications},
Journal = {Clinical Neuroscience Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {283-294},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1566-2772},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.008},
Abstract = {Introduction: Reports document children with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and irritability,
aggression or mood lability. Whether these additional
symptoms represent severe ADHD, juvenile bipolar disorder,
or other comorbidities is often unclear and has both
diagnostic and treatment implications. We use the Cantwell
modifications of the Robins and Guze diagnostic construct to
examine the diagnostic validity and treatment implications
of children with ADHD and some manic symptoms. Methods: We
examined 579 children with ADHD from the multimodal
treatment study of children with ADHD (MTA) and compared
those with manic symptoms to those without manic symptoms in
the domains of clinical phenomenology, demographic factors,
psychosocial factors, biological factors, family genetic
factors, family environmental factors, natural history, and
intervention response. Results: Children with manic symptoms
were more symptomatic at baseline and had more comorbidities
and psychosocial and family environmental stressors. There
were few differences in parental psychopathology and no
biological differences. While ADHD children with manic
symptoms were more symptomatic at 14 months, most
differences were not significant when controlling for
baseline symptoms. They were not more likely to have
manic-like side effects except for moderate or severe
worries. Discussion: Children with ADHD and manic symptoms
compared to ADHD children without manic symptoms were more
symptomatic and had more comorbidities at baseline. They
nonetheless showed no systematic pattern of differences
according to the Robins/Guze/Cantwell criteria. Moreover,
they improved over time with standard ADHD treatments and
were generally not found to have more adverse effects from
stimulants. © 2005 Association for Research in Nervous and
Mental Disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.008},
Key = {fds276818}
}
@article{fds276861,
Author = {Hechtman, L and Etcovitch, J and Platt, R and Arnold, LE and Abikoff,
HB and Newcorn, JH and Hoza, B and Hinshaw, SP and Kraemer, HC and Wells,
K and Conners, K and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Jensen, PS and March,
JS and Molina, B and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T},
Title = {Does multimodal treatment of ADHD decrease other
diagnoses?},
Journal = {Clinical Neuroscience Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {273-282},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1566-2772},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.007},
Abstract = {Comorbid conditions in children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequent and can affect
treatment response and life course. From the multimodal
treatment study of ADHD (MTA), we examined the persistence
or development of conditions other than ADHD, e.g.
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD),
anxiety, depression, and learning disorder (LD) in 576
children, age 7-9 years, diagnosed rigorously with ADHD, who
were randomly assigned to four different treatments for 14
months. The treatment groups were medication management
alone (MedMgt), behavioral treatment alone (Beh), the
combination (Comb), and community comparison routine care
(CC). For the sample as a whole, we found significant
decreases from baseline to 14 months in diagnoses of ODD,
CD, and anxiety disorder but not LD or mood disorder. The CC
group developed significantly more new ODD and retained more
baseline ODD than the Comb or MedMgt groups. There were no
significant treatment group differences for specific other
conditions. Only the Comb group was significantly better
than the CC group in reducing total number of disorders and
impairment at 14 months in subjects with multiple conditions
at baseline. Well-titrated and monitored stimulant
medication can decrease ODD and possibly prevent future CD.
Combined treatment may be required for the most disturbed
children with ADHD who have multiple disorders and severe
impairment. © 2005 Association for Research in Nervous and
Mental Disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.007},
Key = {fds276861}
}
@article{fds276814,
Author = {Jensen, PS and Garcia, JA and Glied, S and Crowe, M and Foster, M and Schlander, M and Hinshaw, S and Vitiello, B and Arnold, LE and Elliott,
G and Hechtman, L and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Swanson, J and Wells,
K},
Title = {Cost-effectiveness of ADHD treatments: findings from the
multimodal treatment study of children with
ADHD.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {162},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1628-1636},
Year = {2005},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1628},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
is a costly public health problem. To the authors'
knowledge, this is the first study on the cost-effectiveness
of the major forms of ADHD treatments used in NIMH's
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA
Study). METHOD: Five hundred seventy-nine children with
ADHD, combined type, ages 7 to 9.9, were assigned to 14
months of medication management, behavioral treatment, both
combined, or community care. Services were tallied
throughout the study, including medication, health care
visits, behavioral treatments, and rental costs. Provider
specialty, total time, and number of visits with providers
were used to calculate costs, adjusted to FY 2000 dollars
with the consumer price index. RESULTS: Treatment costs
varied fourfold, with medication management being the least
expensive, followed by behavioral treatment, and then
combined treatment. Lower costs of medication treatment were
found in the community care group, reflecting the less
intensive (and less effective) nature of community-delivered
treatment. Medical management was more effective but more
costly than community care and more cost-effective than
combination treatment and behavioral treatment alone. Under
some conditions, combination treatment (medical management
and psychotherapy) were somewhat more cost-effective, as
demonstrated by lower costs per additional child
"normalized" among children with multiple comorbid
disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Medical management treatment,
although not as effective as combined medical management and
behavioral treatment, is likely to be more cost-effective in
routine treatment for children with ADHD, particularly those
without comorbid disorders. For some children with comorbid
disorders, it may be cost-effective to provide combination
treatment.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1628},
Key = {fds276814}
}
@article{fds276813,
Author = {Barry, TD and Dunlap, ST and Cotten, SJ and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {The influence of maternal stress and distress on disruptive
behavior problems in boys.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {3},
Pages = {265-273},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15725971},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The current study examined how self-reported
maternal stress and distress are associated with child
disruptive behaviors. METHOD: Mother and teacher ratings of
child disruptive behavior problems (attention problems,
aggression, and delinquency) were collected for 215 male
participants, ranging in age from 9 to 12 years.
Participating mothers also provided self-report data on
socioeconomic status (SES), parenting stress, and distress
(depression and anxiety/somatization). RESULTS: Low SES was
significantly associated with both mother- and
teacher-reported child disruptive behavior problems.
Regression analyses indicated a relation between parenting
stress and mother-reported child disruptive behavior
problems, even when controlling for SES. Results also
indicated a significant relation between maternal distress
and mother-reported child disruptive behavior problems
(particularly attention problems), even when controlling for
SES and parenting stress. Maternal stress and distress were
not significantly related to teacher-reported child
disruptive behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lack
of an association between teacher-reported behavior problems
and maternal stress and distress could be interpreted as a
rater bias by these mothers, it may be that the mothers'
symptoms are associated with a stressful home environment,
thus exacerbating child disruptive behavior problems and
eventually leading to a reciprocal relation between
symptomatology in mothers and children.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200503000-00011},
Key = {fds276813}
}
@article{fds276860,
Author = {Hoza, B and Gerdes, AC and Mrug, S and Hinshaw, SP and Bukowski, WM and Gold, JA and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and March,
JS and Newcorn, JH and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wells, KC and Wigal, T},
Title = {Peer-assessed outcomes in the multimodal treatment study of
children with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder.},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the
Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and
Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association,
Division 53},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-86},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1537-4416},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_7},
Abstract = {Peer-assessed outcomes were examined at the end of treatment
(14 months after study entry) for 285 children (226 boys, 59
girls) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
who were rated by their classmates (2,232 classmates total)
using peer sociometric procedures. All children with ADHD
were participants in the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children with ADHD (MTA). Treatment groups were compared
using the orthogonal treatment contrasts that accounted for
the largest amount of variance in prior MTA outcome
analyses: Medication Management + Combined Treatment versus
Behavior Therapy + Community Care; Medication Management
versus Combined Treatment; Behavior Therapy versus Community
Care. There was little evidence of superiority of any of the
treatments for the peer-assessed outcomes studied, although
the limited evidence that emerged favored treatments
involving medication management. Post hoc analyses were used
to examine whether any of the four treatment groups yielded
normalized peer relationships relative to randomly
selected-classmates. Results indicated that children from
all groups remained significantly impaired in their peer
relationships.},
Doi = {10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_7},
Key = {fds276860}
}
@article{fds276812,
Author = {Wells, KC and Albano, AM},
Title = {Parent involvement in CBT treatment of adolescent
depression: Experiences in the Treatment for Adolescents
with Depression Study (TADS)},
Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {209-220},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(05)80026-4},
Abstract = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
evaluated the short- and long-term effectiveness of
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) alone, fluoxetine alone,
and their combination, relative to pill placebo, and the
12-week treatment effects were recently published (TADS
Team, 2004). Results showed that treatment that combined CBT
with fluoxetine was significantly more effective than
fluoxetine alone or CBT alone or pill placebo. Combining CBT
with fluoxetine also provided a protective effect on the
slightly increased risk of harm-related events associated
with fluoxetine alone compared to placebo (TADS Team, 2004).
In this protocol, CBT treatment included individual CBT
sessions with the adolescent as well as parent
psychoeducation sessions and parent-teen conjoint sessions.
The present article describes the background and rationale
for the parent component of the TADS CBT treatment. It also
describes the 2 parent psychoeducation sessions and the 5
parent-teen conjoint sessions that were available in this
modularized treatment protocol. In addition, the boundaries
of the parent component are presented; these boundaries
differentiate parent-teen conjoint sessions from a broader
family systems approach. Finally, challenges to the
effectiveness of parent involvement in TADS CBT treatment
are described and include parent engagement, parent
psychopathology, working with divorced parents and parents
from a variety of family constellations and cultural
backgrounds. Within a modular, manualized treatment
protocol, flexible attention to these very real issues is
essential in engaging and retaining. Copyright © 2005 by
Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy. All rights
of reproduction in any form reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1077-7229(05)80026-4},
Key = {fds276812}
}
@article{fds276870,
Author = {Curry, JF and Wells, KC},
Title = {Striving for effectiveness in the treatment of adolescent
depression: Cognitive behavior therapy for multisite
community intervention},
Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {177-185},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(05)80023-9},
Abstract = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
was designed to compare the relative and combined
effectiveness of cognitive, behavior therapy (CBT) and
fluoxetine, each of which had demonstrated efficacy in
carefully controlled single-site studies. Models of CBT from
these efficacy studies served as the foundation for the TADS
psychosocial intervention. When interpreting the acute and
long-term outcomes of TADS treatment in the context of other
studies of CBT for major depression, it is critical to
understand the process and the decision making that formed
the TADS CBT intervention. The TADS CBT Committee reviewed
meta-analyses of child and adolescent psychotherapy as well
as studies of CBT for childhood and, adolescent depression,
relied on expert consultants, and evaluated the treatment
process in a feasibility study to derive the essential
components of TADS CBT. In this article we describe the
rationale for the TADS CBT, the process of treatment design,
and the. immediate sources of the TADS treatment. Key
decisions were made involving the degree of treatment
structure, therapist flexibility versus cross-site
consistency, duration and intensity of treatment, the
involvement of family members in treatment, and core versus
optional elements of the intevention. Copyright © 2005 by
Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy. All rights
of reproduction in any form reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1077-7229(05)80023-9},
Key = {fds276870}
}
@article{fds276877,
Author = {Treatment for Adolescents and Depression Study (TADS)
Team},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS):
demographic and clinical characteristics.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {28-40},
Year = {2005},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000145807.09027.82},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression
Study is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial sponsored
by the NIMH. This study is designed to evaluate the short-
and long-term effectiveness of four treatments for
adolescents with major depressive disorder: fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy, their combination, and,
acutely, pill placebo. This report describes the demographic
and clinical characteristics of the sample and addresses
external validity. METHOD: Participants are 439 adolescents,
aged 12-17 years inclusively, with a primary DSM-IV
diagnosis of current major depressive disorder. Baseline
data are summarized and compared with those from national
samples and previous trials. RESULTS: The sample composition
is 54.4% girls, 73.8% white, 12.5% African American, and
8.9% Hispanic. The mean Child Depression Rating
Scale-Revised total score is 60.1 (SD = 10.4, range 45-98)
with 86.0% experiencing their first major depressive
episode. The most common concurrent diagnoses are
generalized anxiety disorder (15.3%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (13.7%), oppositional defiant disorder (13.2%),
social phobia (10.7%), and dysthymia (10.5%). Demographic
results are consistent with data from national samples and
large psychopharmacology trials involving depressed
adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The Treatment for Adolescents With
Depression Study provides a large, diverse, and
representative sample of depressed adolescents that
highlights the complexity of major depressive disorder in
adolescents and provides a rich source for explicating the
effects of moderator and mediator variables on baseline
psychopathology and treatment outcome.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000145807.09027.82},
Key = {fds276877}
}
@article{fds276811,
Author = {Jensen, PS and Eaton Hoagwood and K and Roper, M and Arnold, LE and Odbert,
C and Crowe, M and Molina, BSG and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Newcorn, J and Swanson, J and Wells, K},
Title = {The services for children and adolescents-parent interview:
development and performance characteristics.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1334-1344},
Year = {2004},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000139557.16830.4e},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To date, no instrument has been developed that
captures children's services use across primary care,
specialty mental health, and other settings, including
setting, treatment type, provider discipline, and length and
intensity of specific interventions over varying follow-up
periods. The authors developed a highly structured services
assessment measure [Services for Children and
Adolescents-Parent Interview (SCAPI)] for use in the
National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA). METHOD: After successfully piloting and
refining the SCAPI during initial phases of the MTA, the
authors used this measure at 24 months post-randomization to
ascertain the previous 6 months of services use for all
participating (516 of 579) MTA children and families and 285
age- and gender-matched classroom control children. RESULTS:
Findings revealed meaningful, face-valid differences between
MTA and control children in levels and types of services
used during the previous 6-month period. Services use data
reported by parents was substantially in accord with data
independently gathered by the research data center. Site
variations were found in the level and use of several
specific services, such as individual child psychotherapy
(sites ranged from 0% to 6.8% among classroom controls
compared with 9.7% to 46.1% among MTA participants) and
special education services (0% to 14.6% among classroom
controls, 27.5% to 34.8% among MTA participants), consistent
with differences reported in other studies. CONCLUSIONS:
These data support the descriptive validity of
SCAPI-ascertained services use data and indicate that the
SCAPI can provide investigators and policymakers a valid
means of assessing services type, intensity, onset and
offset, provider type, and content.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000139557.16830.4e},
Key = {fds276811}
}
@article{fds276810,
Author = {Pardini, D and Lochman, J and Wells, K},
Title = {Negative emotions and alcohol use initiation in high-risk
boys: the moderating effect of good inhibitory
control.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {5},
Pages = {505-518},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jacp.0000037780.22849.23},
Abstract = {Studies on the relation between negative affect and later
alcohol use have provided mixed results. Because definitions
of negative affect often include diverse emotions,
researchers have begun to dismantle this higher-order
construct in an attempt to explain these inconsistent
findings. More recent evidence also indicates that good
inhibitory control may moderate the relation between
negative emotions and alcohol use. The current longitudinal
investigation examined the independent relation between
three components of negative affect (i.e., depressed mood,
fear, and anger) and alcohol use initiation in a sample of
aggressive boys. The moderating effect of good inhibitory
control was also examined. Results indicated that increased
anger and decreased fearfulness are associated with an
increased risk for alcohol use initiation only for boys with
moderate to low levels of inhibitory control. However,
depressed mood predicted alcohol use initiation for boys
with good inhibitory control. The potential implications for
substance use prevention efforts are discussed.},
Doi = {10.1023/b:jacp.0000037780.22849.23},
Key = {fds276810}
}
@article{fds276809,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {The coping power program for preadolescent aggressive boys
and their parents: outcome effects at the 1-year
follow-up.},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {4},
Pages = {571-578},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15301641},
Abstract = {This study evaluates the effects of the Coping Power Program
with at-risk preadolescent boys at the time of transition
from elementary school to middle school. Aggressive boys
were randomly assigned to receive only the Coping Power
child component, the full Coping Power Program with parent
and child components, or a control condition. Results
indicated that the Coping Power intervention produced lower
rates of covert delinquent behavior and of parent-rated
substance use at the 1-year follow-up than did the control
cell, and these intervention effects were most apparent for
the full Coping Power Program with parent and child
components. Boys also displayed teacher-rated behavioral
improvements in school during the follow-up year, and these
effects appeared to be primarily influenced by the Coping
Power child component.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.571},
Key = {fds276809}
}
@article{fds276859,
Author = {March, J and Kratochvil, C and Clarke, G and Beardslee, W and Derivan,
A and Emslie, G and Green, EP and Heiligenstein, J and Hinshaw, S and Hoagwood, K and Jensen, P and Lavori, P and Leonard, H and McNulty, J and Michaels, MA and Mossholder, A and Osher, T and Petti, T and Prentice,
E and Vitiello, B and Wells, K},
Title = {AACAP 2002 research forum: placebo and alternatives to
placebo in randomized controlled trials in pediatric
psychopharmacology.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1046-1056},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266201},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The use of placebo in the pediatric age group has
come under increasing scrutiny. At the 2002 Annual Meeting
of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
the Academy's Workgroup on Research conducted a research
forum. The purpose was to identify challenges and their
solutions regarding the use of placebo in randomized
controlled trials in pediatric psychopharmacology. METHOD:
Workgroups focused on problems and solutions in five areas:
ethics and human subjects, research design and statistics,
partnering with consumers, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
and pharmaceutical industry perspectives, and psychosocial
treatments. RESULTS: In many but not all circumstances,
inclusion of a placebo control is essential to meet the
scientific goals of treatment outcome research. Innovative
research designs; involvement of consumers in planning and
implementing research; flexibility by industry, academia,
the National Institutes of Health, and regulatory agencies
acting in partnership; and concomitant use of evidence-based
psychosocial services can and should assist in making
placebo-controlled trials acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Properly
designed placebo-controlled trials remain necessary,
ethical, and feasible.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000129606.83206.77},
Key = {fds276859}
}
@article{fds276808,
Author = {Barth, JM and Dunlap, ST and Dane, H and Lochman, JE and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Classroom environment influences on aggression, peer
relations, and academic focus},
Journal = {Journal of School Psychology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {115-133},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2003.11.004},
Abstract = {Peers serve as reinforcers and models of behavior, and
consequently classrooms containing high numbers of students
with poor academic skills or behavior problems are likely to
promote these behaviors in individual students. This study
examined how variations in social and academic classroom
composition as well as the larger school context affected
behavior in a normative sample of children over a 2-year
period. Teachers provided ratings of individual students,
which were then aggregated to form teacher-based measures of
classroom environment. Concurrent and longitudinal effects
of classroom and school environments on individual behaviors
were examined for students in 65 classrooms in 17 schools.
Poorer classroom environments were associated with poorer
levels of student aggression, peer relations, and academic
focus. Changes in student behavior over time could be
explained by the current classroom environment. © 2004
Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jsp.2003.11.004},
Key = {fds276808}
}
@article{fds276858,
Author = {Arnold, LE and Chuang, S and Davies, M and Abikoff, HB and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza,
B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and Langworthy-Lam, KS and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vitiello,
B and Wells, KC and Wigal, T},
Title = {Nine months of multicomponent behavioral treatment for ADHD
and effectiveness of MTA fading procedures.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-51},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jacp.0000007579.61289.31},
Abstract = {We examined 9-month data from the 14-month NIMH Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (the MTA) as a further
check on the relative effect of medication (MedMgt) and
behavioral treatment (Beh) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) while Beh was still being delivered at
greater intensity than at 14-month endpoint, and conversely
as a check on the efficacy of the MTA behavioral
generalization/maintenance procedures. Intention-to-treat
analysis at 9 months showed essentially the same results as
at 14 months, after Beh had been completely faded; MedMgt
and the combination (Comb) of medication and Beh were
significantly superior to Beh and community care (CC) for
ADHD and oppositional-defiant (ODD) symptoms, with mixed
results for social skills and internalizing symptoms. All
treatment-group differences examined as changes in slopes
from 9 to 14 months were nonsignificant (we found general
improvement for all groups). Slopes from baseline to 9
months correlated highly (r > .74, p < .0001) with slopes
from baseline to 14 months for all groups. The time function
from baseline to 14 months showed a significant linear, but
not quadratic, trend for the main outcome measure (a
composite of parent- and teacher-rated ADHD and ODD
symptoms) for all groups. Findings suggest that in contrast
to the hypothesized deterioration in the relative benefit of
Beh between 9 and 14 months (after completion of fading),
the MTA Beh generalization and maintenance procedures
implemented through 9 months apparently yielded continuing
improvement through 14 months, with preservation of the
relative position of Beh compared to other treatment
strategies.},
Doi = {10.1023/b:jacp.0000007579.61289.31},
Key = {fds276858}
}
@article{fds276806,
Author = {Northey, WF and Wells, KC and Silverman, WK and Bailey,
CE},
Title = {Childhood behavioral and emotional disorders.},
Journal = {Journal of Marital and Family Therapy},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {523-545},
Year = {2003},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0194-472X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01693.x},
Abstract = {We reviewed the literature on family treatment for childhood
behavioral and emotional disorders and found an increase in
the number of studies since 1995; however there was
significant variation by disorder and therapy model. There
is substantially more research on externalizing disorders
(i.e., conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, oppositional defiant disorder) then internalizing
disorders, depression and anxiety disorders. The data
support the conclusion that family-based interventions
produce results comparable to individually oriented
interventions, and in some cases family-based interventions
are superior to individual treatments. To date, cognitive
behavioral family therapy and parent management have been
the two models studied, almost exclusively. Implications for
family therapy and future research are considered.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01693.x},
Key = {fds276806}
}
@article{fds276857,
Author = {Arnold, LE and Elliot, M and Sachs, L and Bird, H and Kraemer, HC and Wells, KC and Abikoff, HB and Comarda, A and Conners, CK and Elliott,
GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hindshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T},
Title = {Effects of ethnicity on treatment attendance, stimulant
response/dose, and 14-month outcome in ADHD.},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {4},
Pages = {713-727},
Year = {2003},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.713},
Abstract = {From the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder--a randomized
clinical trial of 579 children ages 7-9 years receiving 14
months of medication management, behavioral treatment,
combination, or community care--the authors matched each
African American and Latino participant with randomly
selected Caucasian participants of same sex, treatment
group, and site. Although Caucasian children were
significantly less symptomatic than African American and
Latino children on some ratings, response to treatment did
not differ significantly by ethnicity after controlling for
public assistance. Ethnic minority families cooperated with
and benefited significantly from combination (multimodal)
treatment (d = 0.36, compared with medication). This
incremental gain withstood statistical control for mother's
education, single-parent status, and public assistance.
Treatment for lower socioeconomic status minority children,
especially if comorbid, should combine medication and
behavioral treatment.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.713},
Key = {fds276857}
}
@article{fds276856,
Author = {Owens, EB and Hinshaw, SP and Kraemer, HC and Arnold, LE and Abikoff,
HB and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wells, KC and Wigal, T},
Title = {Which treatment for whom for ADHD? Moderators of treatment
response in the MTA.},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {3},
Pages = {540-552},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.71.3.540},
Abstract = {Using receiver operating characteristics, the authors
examined outcome predictors (variables associated with
outcome regardless of treatment) and moderators (variables
identifying subgroups with differential treatment
effectiveness) in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children
with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; MTA).
Treatment response was determined using parent- and
teacher-reported ADHD and oppositional defiant symptoms,
with levels near or within the normal range indicating
excellent response. Among 9 baseline child and family
characteristics, none predicted but 3 moderated treatment
response. In medication management and combined treatments,
parental depressive symptoms and severity of child ADHD were
associated with decreased rates of excellent response; when
these 2 characteristics were present, below-average child IQ
was an additional moderator. No predictors or moderators
emerged for behavioral and community comparison treatments.
The authors discuss conceptual and clinical implications of
research on treatment moderators.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006x.71.3.540},
Key = {fds276856}
}
@article{fds276869,
Author = {Curry, JF and Wells, KC and Lochman, JE and Craighead, WE and Nagy,
PD},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral intervention for depressed,
substance-abusing adolescents: development and pilot
testing.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {656-665},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921473},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To develop a cognitive-behavioral treatment for
depressed, substance-abusing adolescents, determine its
feasibility, and test its association with symptomatic
improvement. METHOD: Based on the efficacy of
cognitive-behavioral interventions for either adolescent
depression or substance abuse, an integrated group and
family therapy intervention was developed for adolescents
with both problems. The developers treated a group of six
adolescents and families, and then trained experienced
therapists to deliver the treatment to a second group of
seven. Adolescents were 14 to 18 years of age. Measures of
depression and substance abuse were collected before,
during, and after treatment. RESULTS: High retention in
treatment and attendance at sessions supported feasibility.
Parent interviews demonstrated significant improvement in
adolescent substance abuse, and adolescent measures
demonstrated significant improvement in both domains.
CONCLUSIONS: Integrated outpatient cognitive-behavioral
intervention is feasible and associated with improvement for
depressed, substance-abusing adolescents. Controlled
efficacy studies are needed. Additional treatment modalities
will be required for a proportion of these
adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046861.56865.6C},
Key = {fds276869}
}
@article{fds276876,
Author = {Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study
Team},
Title = {Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS):
rationale, design, and methods.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {5},
Pages = {531-542},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046839.90931.0D},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: A rapidly growing empirical literature on the
treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth
supports the efficacy of short-term treatment with
depression-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy or
medication management with a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor. These studies also identify a substantial
probability of partial response and of relapse, which might
be addressed by more intensive, longer-term treatments.
METHOD: Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health,
the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
is a multicenter, randomized, masked effectiveness trial
designed to evaluate the short-term (12-week) and long-term
(36-week) effectiveness of four treatments for adolescents
with MDD: fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, their
combination, and, acutely, pill placebo. A volunteer sample
of 432 subjects aged 12-17 years (inclusive) with a primary
DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD who are broadly representative of
patients seen in clinical practice will enter the study. The
primary dependent measures rated blindly by an independent
evaluator are the Children's Depression Rating Scale and,
for responder analysis, a dichotomized Clinical Global
Impressions-Improvement score. Consistent with an
intent-to-treat analysis, all patients, regardless of
treatment status, return for all scheduled assessments.
RESULTS: This report describes the design of the trial, the
rationale for the design choices made, and the methods used
to carry out the trial. CONCLUSION: When completed, TADS
will improve our understanding of how best to initiate
treatment for adolescents with MDD.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046839.90931.0D},
Key = {fds276876}
}
@article{fds276807,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {Effectiveness of the Coping Power program and of classroom
intervention with aggressive children: Outcomes at a 1-year
follow-up},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {493-515},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(03)80032-1},
Abstract = {This study examines key substance use, delinquency, and
school-based aggressive behavior outcomes at a 1-year
follow-up for a cognitive-behavioral intervention delivered
to aggressive children and their parents at the time of
these children's transition to middle school. This
effectiveness study explored whether a classroom
intervention directed at teachers and at all of the parents
in the intervention classrooms enhanced the effects of the
Coping Power program with at-risk children. The at-risk
sample of boys and girls was identified through 4th-grade
teacher ratings, and intervention took place during the 5th-
and 6th-grade years. The Coping Power child component
included school-based groups focusing on anger management
and social problem solving skills, and the Coping Power
parent component addressed parenting and stress-management
skills. The current results indicate that prior findings of
postintervention improvement for this sample (Lochman &
Wells, 2002b) has led to preventive effects on delinquency
and on substance use for older and moderate-risk children.
The Coping Power program, in conjunction with a
classroom-level intervention, also reduced school aggression
1 year after the intervention was completed. In addition, it
appears that the classroom intervention facilitates
radiating effects on reduced substance use for other at-risk
children in the same classrooms who did not receive Coping
Power.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(03)80032-1},
Key = {fds276807}
}
@article{fds276805,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {The Coping Power program at the middle-school transition:
universal and indicated prevention effects.},
Journal = {Psychol Addict Behav},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4S},
Pages = {S40-S54},
Year = {2002},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164x.16.4s.s40},
Abstract = {This study evaluates the effects of an indicated preventive
intervention and a universal preventive intervention.
Children were identified as being at risk on the basis of
4th-grade teachers' ratings of children's aggressive and
disruptive behaviors, and interventions were delivered
during the 5th- and 6th-grade years. Children were randomly
assigned to the Coping Power intervention, the universal
intervention, the combined Coping Power plus universal
intervention, or a control condition. The Coping Power
program included child and parent components. Results
indicated that all 3 intervention cells produced relatively
lower rates of substance use at postintervention than did
the control cell. The interventions also produced effects on
3 of the 4 predictor variable domains: children's social
competence and self-regulation and parents' parenting
skills.},
Doi = {10.1037/0893-164x.16.4s.s40},
Key = {fds276805}
}
@article{fds276854,
Author = {Abikoff, HB and Jensen, PS and Arnold, LLE and Hoza, B and Hechtman, L and Pollack, S and Martin, D and Alvir, J and March, JS and Hinshaw, S and Vitiello, B and Newcorn, J and Greiner, A and Cantwell, DP and Conners,
CK and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Kraemer, H and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Wells, K and Wigal,
T},
Title = {Observed classroom behavior of children with ADHD:
relationship to gender and comorbidity.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {349-359},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015713807297},
Abstract = {Examined hypothesized gender and comorbidity differences in
the observed classroom behavior of children with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The behavior of 403
boys and 99 girls with ADHD, ages 7-10, was compared (a) to
observed, sex-specific classroom behavior norms, (b) by sex,
and (c) by comorbid subgroups. Boys and girls with ADHD
deviated significantly from classroom norms on 15/16 and
13/16 categories, respectively. Compared to comparison
girls, girls with ADHD had relatively high rates of verbal
aggression to children. Boys with ADHD engaged in more
rule-breaking and externalizing behaviors than did girls
with ADHD, but the sexes did not differ on more "neutral,"
unobtrusive behaviors. The sex differences are consistent
with notions of why girls with ADHD are identified and
referred later than boys. Contrary to hypothesis, the
presence of comorbid anxiety disorder (ANX) was not
associated with behavioral suppression; yet, as
hypothesized, children with a comorbid disruptive behavior
disorder (DBD) had higher rates of rule-breaking, and
impulsive and aggressive behavior, than did children with
ADHD alone and those with ADHD+ANX. Elevated rates of ADHD
behaviors were also observed in children with comorbid DBD,
indicating that these behaviors are truly present and
suggesting that reports of higher ADHD ratings in this
subgroup are not simply a consequence of negative halo
effects and rater biases.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1015713807297},
Key = {fds276854}
}
@article{fds276855,
Author = {Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Vitiello, B and Abikoff, HB and Wells,
KC and Pelham, WE and March, JS and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Epstein,
JN and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and Kotkin, R and Molina, B and Newcorn, JH and Owens, EB and Severe, J and Hoagwood, K and Simpson, S and Wigal, T and Hanley, T and MTA
Group. Multimodal Treatment of Children and Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder},
Title = {Response to commentary on the multimodal treatment study of
ADHD (MTA): mining the meaning of the MTA.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {327-332},
Year = {2002},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015709706388},
Abstract = {In the December 2000 issue of the Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, we published a set of papers presenting
secondary analyses of the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD
(MTA), and R. A. Barkley (2000) provided a commentary. A
critique of the design of the study (MTA Cooperative Group,
1999) was presented based on a theoretical perspective of a
"behavioral inhibition" deficit that has been hypothesized
as the core deficit of ADHD (R. A. Barkley, 1997). The
commentary questioned the design and analysis of the MTA in
terms of (1) the empirical criteria for selection of
components of behavioral (Beh) intervention, (2) the
effectiveness of the Beh intervention, (3) the methods for
analyses at the group and individual level, (4) implications
of the MTA findings for clinical practice, (5) the role of
genetics in response to treatment, and (6) the lack of a
nontreatment control group. In this response, we relate the
content of the papers to the commentary, (1) by reviewing
the selection criteria for the Beh treatment, as outlined by
K. C. Wells, W. E. Pelham, et al. (2000), (2) by addressing
the myth that the MTA Beh treatment was ineffective (Pelham,
1999), (3) by describing the use of analyses at the level of
the individual participant, as presented by J. S. March et
al. (2000) and W. E. Pelham et al. (2000) as well as
elsewhere by J. M. Swanson et al. (2001) and C. K. Conners
et al. (2001), (4) by relating some of the suggestions from
the secondary analyses about clinically relevant factors
such as comorbidity (as presented by J. S. March et al.,
2000) and family and parental characteristics (as presented
by B. Hoza et al., 2000, S. P. Hinshaw et al., 2000, and K.
C. Wells, J. N. Epstein, et al., 2000), (5) by discussing
the statistical concept of heritability and the lack of a
significant difference in the presence of ADHD symptoms in
parents of the MTA families compared to parents in the
classmate-control families (as presented by J. N. Epstein,
et al., 2000), and (6) by acknowledging that an ethically
necessary weakness of the MTA design is that it did not
include a no-treatment control group. We discuss the use of
secondary analyses to suggest how, when, and for what
subgroups effectiveness of the Beh treatment may have been
manifested. Finally, we invite others to use the large and
rich data set that will soon be available in the public
domain, to perform secondary analyses to mine the meaning of
the MTA and to evaluate theories of ADHD and response to
treatments.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1015709706388},
Key = {fds276855}
}
@article{fds276852,
Author = {Abikoff, H and Arnold, LE and Newcorn, JH and Elliott, GR and Hechtman,
L and Severe, JB and Wigal, T and Shapiro, C and Cantwell, DP and Conners,
CK and Greenhill, LL and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and March, JS and Pelham, WE and Swanson, JM and Vitiello,
B and Wells, KC},
Title = {Emergency/Adjunct services and attrition prevention for
randomized clinical trials in children: the MTA manual-based
solution.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {41},
Number = {5},
Pages = {498-504},
Year = {2002},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12014781},
Abstract = {Treatment studies in child and adolescent psychiatry are
increasingly characterized by long-term, multisite,
randomized clinical trials (RCTs). During the course of
these RCTs it is common for clinical exigencies to emerge
that require rapid, direct intervention. The challenge is to
provide clinically appropriate responses that do not
contaminate the delivery, distinctness, and interpretation
of the treatments under investigation. In multisite studies,
the problem is compounded by the need to minimize cross-site
differences in the delivery of adjunct treatments. Such
minimization requires fully operationalized and manual-based
procedures for clinically mandated intervention. The NIMH
Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)--"the MTA"--is a long-term multisite collaborative
study in which children with ADHD were randomly assigned to
either medication management, behavioral treatment, the
combination, or community-comparison assessment and
referral. In designing its study, the MTA developed a
manual-based set of procedures (the MTA Adjunct Services and
Attrition Prevention [ASAP] Manual) for situations not
covered by the protocol treatments. The majority of cases
requiring adjunct services fell into two major categories:
(1) crisis/emergent situations and (2) imminent risk of
attrition. This report describes the ASAP guidelines for
dealing with cases that required adjunct services that the
MTA Steering Committee adopted before initiating the trial.
Although the manual-based guidelines are especially
applicable to multisite RCTs, many of the procedures in the
ASAP Manual can apply to any treatment study in
children.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200205000-00006},
Key = {fds276852}
}
@article{fds276853,
Author = {Rieppi, R and Greenhill, LL and Ford, RE and Chuang, S and Wu, M and Davies, M and Abikoff, HB and Arnold, LE and Conners, CK and Elliott,
GR and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer,
HC and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson,
JM and Vitiello, B and Wells, KC and Wigal, T},
Title = {Socioeconomic status as a moderator of ADHD treatment
outcomes.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {269-277},
Year = {2002},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200203000-00006},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore whether socioeconomic status (SES)
variables moderate treatment response of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to
medication management (MedMgt), behavioral treatment (Beh),
combined intervention (Comb), and routine community care
(CC). METHOD: The MTA Cooperative Group's intent-to-treat
(ITT) analyses were repeated, covarying for composite
Hollingshead SES, education, occupation, income, and marital
status. RESULTS: Individual SES variables were more
informative than the composite Hollingshead Index. Treatment
response of children from less educated households
paralleled ITT outcomes: no significant difference was found
between Comb and MedMgt (both better than Beh and CC) for
core ADHD symptoms. However, children from more educated
families showed superior reduction of ADHD symptoms with
Comb. For oppositional-aggressive symptoms, children from
blue-collar, lower SES households benefited most from Comb,
whereas those from white-collar, higher SES homes generally
showed no differential treatment response. Household income
and marital status failed to influence outcomes. Controlling
for treatment attendance attenuated the moderating effects
of the SES variables only for MedMgt. CONCLUSIONS:
Investigators are encouraged to use independent SES
variables for maximal explanation of SES effects. Clinicians
should prioritize target symptoms and consider the mediating
role of treatment adherence when determining an ADHD
patient's optimal intervention plan.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200203000-00006},
Key = {fds276853}
}
@article{fds276804,
Author = {Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {Contextual social-cognitive mediators and child outcome: a
test of the theoretical model in the Coping Power
program.},
Journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {945-967},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {0954-5794},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12549711},
Abstract = {This study tests the contextual social-cognitive model,
which has served as the basis for the Coping Power program,
an indicated preventive intervention with at-risk
preadolescent boys at the time of transition from elementary
to middle school. The contextual social-cognitive model
assumes that aggressive children have distortions in their
social-cognitive appraisals and deficiencies in their social
problem solving skills and that their parents have
deficiencies in their parenting behaviors. To test this
model, boys were identified as being at risk on the basis of
fourth grade and fifth grade teachers' ratings of children's
aggressive and disruptive behaviors, and interventions were
delivered at the end of elementary school and the beginning
of middle school. The intervention effect on delinquency,
substance use, and school behavior outcomes was at least
partially mediated through intervention-produced changes in
child and parent variables that were targets for the
intervention. These analyses provided unique support for the
assumptions in the contextual social-cognitive model that
changes in these mediating processes, even among high-risk
boys, can have a meaningful impact on later negative
outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1017/s0954579402004157},
Key = {fds276804}
}
@article{fds276803,
Author = {Wells, KC},
Title = {Comprehensive versus matched psychosocial treatment in the
MTA study: conceptual and empirical issues.},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child Psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {131-135},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-228X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294072},
Abstract = {Addressed some factual inaccuracies and presented
alternative positions on key issues raised in the article by
Greene and Ablon (this issue) on the question, "What does
the Multimodal Treatment Study (MTA) tell us about effective
psychosocial treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)?" The Greene and Ablon critique does not
present for the reader's consideration the full range of
findings from the MTA study, notably those most relevant to
psychosocial treatment, and articulates a theoretical
position that effective treatment requires matching
treatment to children's assessed needs, an approach not
taken in the MTA study. In this article, I present the full
range of findings from the MTA study related to psychosocial
treatment effects, correct the misperceptions that exist
about the study based on limited reviews such as Greene and
Ablon's, and review the empirical and experimental design
issues that produced the decision by the MTA investigative
team to study the effects of intensive, comprehensive
psychosocial treatment. I argue that the questions asked by
the MTA study about psychosocial treatment were important,
relevant, and were addressed well in the MTA study
design.},
Doi = {10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_16},
Key = {fds276803}
}
@article{fds276802,
Author = {Newcorn, JH and Halperin, JM and Jensen, PS and Abikoff, HB and Arnold,
LE and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Epstein, JN and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Kraemer,
HC and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Wells, KC and Wigal,
T and Vitiello, B},
Title = {Symptom profiles in children with ADHD: effects of
comorbidity and gender.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {137-146},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200102000-00008},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine ratings and objective measures of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms to
assess whether ADHD children with and without comorbid
conditions have equally high levels of core symptoms and
whether symptom profiles differ as a function of comorbidity
and gender. METHOD: Four hundred ninety-eight children from
the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study
of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(MTA) were divided into comorbid groups based on the parent
Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children and assessed via
parents' and teachers' Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP)
ratings and a continuous performance test (CPT). Comorbidity
and gender effects were examined using analyses of
covariance controlled for age and site. RESULTS: CPT
inattention, impulsivity, and dyscontrol errors were high in
all ADHD groups. Children with ADHD + oppositional defiant
or conduct disorder were rated as more impulsive than
inattentive, while children with ADHD + anxiety disorders
(ANX) were relatively more inattentive than impulsive. Girls
were less impaired than boys on most ratings and several CPT
indices, particularly impulsivity, and girls with ADHD + ANX
made fewer CPT impulsivity errors than girls with ADHD-only.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD have high levels of core
symptoms as measured by rating scales and CPT, irrespective
of comorbidity. However, there are important differences in
symptomatology as a function of comorbidity and
gender.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00008},
Key = {fds276802}
}
@article{fds276848,
Author = {Jensen, PS and Hinshaw, SP and Swanson, JM and Greenhill, LL and Conners, CK and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Elliott, G and Hechtman,
L and Hoza, B and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Severe, JB and Vitiello, B and Wells, K and Wigal, T},
Title = {Findings from the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD
(MTA): implications and applications for primary care
providers.},
Journal = {Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics :
Jdbp},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {60-73},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0196-206X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200102000-00008},
Abstract = {In 1992, the National Institute of Mental Health and 6 teams
of investigators began a multisite clinical trial, the
Multimodal Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA) study. Five hundred seventy-nine children
were randomly assigned to either routine community care (CC)
or one of three study-delivered treatments, all lasting 14
months. The three MTA treatments-monthly medication
management (usually methylphenidate) following weekly
titration (MedMgt), intensive behavioral treatment (Beh),
and the combination (Comb)-were designed to reflect known
best practices within each treatment approach. Children were
assessed at four time points in multiple outcome. Results
indicated that Comb and MedMgt interventions were
substantially superior to Beh and CC interventions for
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. For other
functioning domains (social skills, academics, parent-child
relations, oppositional behavior, anxiety/depression),
results suggested slight advantages of Comb over single
treatments (MedMgt, Beh) and community care. High quality
medication treatment characterized by careful yet adequate
dosing, three times daily methylphenidate administration,
monthly follow-up visits, and communication with schools
conveyed substantial benefits to those children that
received it. In contrast to the overall study findings that
showed the largest benefits for high quality medication
management (regardless of whether given in the MedMgt or
Comb group), secondary analyses revealed that Comb had a
significant incremental effect over MedMgt (with a small
effect size for this comparison) when categorical indicators
of excellent response and when composite outcome measures
were used. In addition, children with parent-defined
comorbid anxiety disorders, particularly those with
overlapping disruptive disorder comorbidities, showed
preferential benefits to the Beh and Comb interventions.
Parental attitudes and disciplinary practices appeared to
mediate improved response to the Beh and Comb
interventions.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004703-200102000-00008},
Key = {fds276848}
}
@article{fds276849,
Author = {Greenhill, LL and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Davies, M and Clevenger, W and Wu, M and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Bukstein, OG and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Severe, JB and Wells, K and Wigal, T},
Title = {Impairment and deportment responses to different
methylphenidate doses in children with ADHD: the MTA
titration trial.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {180-187},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200102000-00012},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Results of the NIMH Collaborative Multisite
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) were analyzed
to determine whether a double-blind, placebo-controlled
methylphenidate (MPH) titration trial identified the best
MPH dose for each child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). METHOD: Children with ADHD assigned to MTA
medication treatment groups (n = 289) underwent a controlled
28-day titration protocol that administered different MPH
doses (placebo, low, middle, and high) on successive days.
RESULTS: A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed
main effects for MPH dose with greater effects on teacher
ratings of impairment and deportment (F3 = 100.6, n = 223, p
= .0001; effect sizes 0.8-1.3) than on parent ratings of
similar endpoints (F3 = 55.61, n = 253, p = .00001; effect
sizes 0.4-0.6). Dose did not interact with period, dose
order, comorbid diagnosis, site, or treatment group.
CONCLUSIONS: The MTA titration protocol validated the
efficacy of weekend MPH dosing and established a total daily
dose limit of 35 mg of MPH for children weighing less than
25 kg. It replicated previously reported MPH response rates
(77%), distribution of best doses (10-50 mg/day) across
subjects, effect sizes on impairment and deportment, as well
as dose-related adverse events.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00012},
Key = {fds276849}
}
@article{fds276850,
Author = {Swanson, JM and Kraemer, HC and Hinshaw, SP and Arnold, LE and Conners,
CK and Abikoff, HB and Clevenger, W and Davies, M and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Owens, EB and Pelham, WE and Schiller, E and Severe, JB and Simpson, S and Vitiello, B and Wells, K and Wigal, T and Wu,
M},
Title = {Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA:
success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at
the end of treatment.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {168-179},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200102000-00011},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To develop a categorical outcome measure related
to clinical decisions and to perform secondary analyses to
supplement the primary analyses of the NIMH Collaborative
Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA). METHOD:
End-of-treatment status was summarized by averaging the
parent and teacher ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms on the
Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV) scale, and
low symptom-severity ("Just a Little") on this continuous
measure was set as a clinical cutoff to form a categorical
outcome measure reflecting successful treatment. Three
orthogonal comparisons of the treatment groups (combined
treatment [Comb], medication management [MedMgt], behavioral
treatment [Beh], and community comparison [CC]) evaluated
hypotheses about the MTA medication algorithm ("Comb +
MedMgt versus Beh + CC"), multimodality superiority ("Comb
versus MedMgt"), and psychosocial substitution ("Beh versus
CC"). RESULTS: The summary of SNAP-IV ratings across sources
and domains increased the precision of measurement by 30%.
The secondary analyses of group differences in success rates
(Comb = 68%; MedMgt = 56%; Beh = 34%; CC = 25%) confirmed
the large effect of the MTA medication algorithm and a
smaller effect of multimodality superiority, which was now
statistically significant (p < .05). The psychosocial
substitution effect remained negligible and nonsignificant.
CONCLUSION: These secondary analyses confirm the primary
findings and clarify clinical decisions about the choice
between multimodal and unimodal treatment with
medication.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00011},
Key = {fds276850}
}
@article{fds276851,
Author = {Jensen, PS and Hinshaw, SP and Kraemer, HC and Lenora, N and Newcorn,
JH and Abikoff, HB and March, JS and Arnold, LE and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoza,
B and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Wells, KC and Wigal, T and Vitiello, B},
Title = {ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: comparing
comorbid subgroups.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {147-158},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200102000-00009},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Previous research has been inconclusive whether
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when
comorbid with disruptive disorders (oppositional defiant
disorder [ODD] or conduct disorder [CD]), with the
internalizing disorders (anxiety and/or depression), or with
both, should constitute separate clinical entities.
Determination of the clinical significance of potential ADHD
+ internalizing disorder or ADHD + ODD/CD syndromes could
yield better diagnostic decision-making, treatment planning,
and treatment outcomes. METHOD: Drawing upon cross-sectional
and longitudinal information from 579 children (aged 7-9.9
years) with ADHD participating in the NIMH Collaborative
Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA),
investigators applied validational criteria to compare ADHD
subjects with and without comorbid internalizing disorders
and ODD/CD. RESULTS: Substantial evidence of main effects of
internalizing and externalizing comorbid disorders was
found. Moderate evidence of interactions of parent-reported
anxiety and ODD/CD status were noted on response to
treatment, indicating that children with ADHD and anxiety
disorders (but no ODD/CD) were likely to respond equally
well to the MTA behavioral and medication treatments.
Children with ADHD-only or ADHD with ODD/CD (but without
anxiety disorders) responded best to MTA medication
treatments (with or without behavioral treatments), while
children with multiple comorbid disorders (anxiety and
ODD/CD) responded optimally to combined (medication and
behavioral) treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that
three clinical profiles, ADHD co-occurring with
internalizing disorders (principally parent-reported anxiety
disorders) absent any concurrent disruptive disorder (ADHD +
ANX), ADHD co-occurring with ODD/CD but no anxiety (ADHD +
ODD/CD), and ADHD with both anxiety and ODD/CD (ADHD + ANX +
ODD/CD) may be sufficiently distinct to warrant
classification as ADHD subtypes different from "pure" ADHD
with neither comorbidity. Future clinical, etiological, and
genetics research should explore the merits of these three
ADHD classification options.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00009},
Key = {fds276851}
}
@article{fds276882,
Author = {Conners, CK and Epstein, JN and March, JS and Angold, A and Wells, KC and Klaric, J and Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Elliott,
GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Severe,
JB and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T},
Title = {Multimodal treatment of ADHD in the MTA: an alternative
outcome analysis.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-167},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11211364},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a post hoc investigation of the
utility of a single composite measure of treatment outcome
for the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA) at 14 months postbaseline. BACKGROUND:
Examination of multiple measures one at a time in the main
MTA intent-to-treat outcome analyses failed to detect a
statistically significant advantage of combined treatment
(Comb) over medication management (MedMgt). A measure that
increases power and precision using a single outcome score
may be a useful alternative to multiple outcome measures.
METHOD: Factor analysis of baseline scores yielded two
"source factors" (parent and teacher) and one "instrument
factor" (parent-child interactions). A composite score was
created from the average of standardized parent and teacher
measures. RESULTS: The composite was internally consistent
(alpha = .83), reliable (test-retest over 3 months = 0.86),
and correlated 0.61 with clinician global judgments. In an
intent-to-treat analysis, Comb was statistically
significantly better than all other treatments, with effect
sizes ranging from small (0.28) versus MedMgt, to moderately
large (0.70) versus a community comparison group.
CONCLUSIONS: A composite of ADHD variables may be an
important tool in future treatment trials with ADHD and may
avoid some of the statistical limitations of multiple
measures.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00010},
Key = {fds276882}
}
@article{fds276844,
Author = {Wells, KC and Epstein, JN and Hinshaw, SP and Conners, CK and Klaric, J and Abikoff, HB and Abramowitz, A and Arnold, LE and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Pelham, W and Pfiffner, L and Severe, J and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wigal, T},
Title = {Parenting and family stress treatment outcomes in attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an empirical analysis
in the MTA study.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {543-553},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104316},
Abstract = {Parenting and family stress treatment outcomes in the MTA
study were examined. Male and female (579), 7-9-year-old
children with combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD), were recruited at six sites around the
United States and Canada, and randomly assigned to one of
four groups: intensive, multi-faceted behavior therapy
program alone (Beh); carefully titrated and monitored
medication management strategy alone (MedMgt); a
well-integrated combination of the two (Comb); or a
community comparison group (CC). Treatment occurred over 14
months, and assessments were taken at baseline, 3, 9, and 14
months. Parenting behavior and family stress were assessed
using parent-report and child-report inventories. Results
showed that Beh alone, MedMgt alone, and Comb produced
significantly greater decreases in a parent-rated measure of
negative parenting, Negative/Ineffective Discipline, than
did standard community treatment. The three MTA treatments
did not differ significantly from each other on this domain.
No differences were noted among the four groups on positive
parenting or on family stress variables. Results are
discussed in terms of the theoretical and empirically
documented importance of negative parenting in the symptoms,
comorbidities and long-term outcomes of ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1005131131159},
Key = {fds276844}
}
@article{fds276845,
Author = {Hinshaw, SP and Owens, EB and Wells, KC and Kraemer, HC and Abikoff, HB and Arnold, LE and Conners, CK and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wigal,
T},
Title = {Family processes and treatment outcome in the MTA:
negative/ineffective parenting practices in relation to
multimodal treatment.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {555-568},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1005183115230},
Abstract = {To elucidate processes underlying therapeutic change in a
large-scale randomized clinical trial, we examined whether
alterations in self-reported parenting practices were
associated with the effects of behavioral, medication, or
combination treatments on teacher-reported outcomes
(disruptive behavior, social skills, internalizing symptoms)
in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). Participants were 579 children with Combined-type
ADHD, aged 7-9.9 years, in the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children with ADHD (MTA). We uncovered 2 second-order
factors of parenting practices, entitled Positive
Involvement and Negative/Ineffective Discipline. Although
Positive Involvement was not associated with amelioration of
the school-based outcome measures, reductions in
Negative/Ineffective Discipline mediated improvement in
children's social skills at school. For families showing the
greatest reductions in Negative/Ineffective Discipline,
effects of combined medication plus behavioral treatment
were pronounced in relation to regular community care.
Furthermore, only in combination treatment (and not in
behavioral treatment alone) was decreased
Negative/Ineffective Discipline associated with reduction in
children's disruptive behavior at school. Here, children in
families receiving combination treatment who showed the
greatest reductions in Negative/Ineffective Discipline had
teacher-reported disruptive behavior that was essentially
normalized. Overall, the success of combination treatment
for important school-related outcomes appears related to
reductions in negative and ineffective parenting practices
at home; we discuss problems in interpreting the temporal
sequencing of such process-outcome linkages and the means by
which multimodal treatment may be mediated by psychosocial
processes related to parenting.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1005183115230},
Key = {fds276845}
}
@article{fds276846,
Author = {Wells, KC and Pelham, WE and Kotkin, RA and Hoza, B and Abikoff, HB and Abramowitz, A and Arnold, LE and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Del
Carmen, R and Elliott, G and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hibbs, E and Hinshaw, SP and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Swanson, JM and Schiller,
E},
Title = {Psychosocial treatment strategies in the MTA study:
rationale, methods, and critical issues in design and
implementation.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {483-505},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104313},
Abstract = {The Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children
with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the
MTA, is the first multisite, cooperative agreement treatment
study of children, and the largest psychiatric/psychological
treatment trial ever conducted by the National Institute of
Mental Health. It examines the effectiveness of Medication
vs. Psychosocial treatment vs. their combination for
treatment of ADHD and compares these experimental arms to
each other and to routine community care. In a parallel
group design, 579 (male and female) ADHD children, aged 7-9
years, 11 months, were randomly assigned to one of the four
experimental arms, and then received 14 months of prescribed
treatment (or community care) with periodic reassessments.
After delineating the theoretical and empirical rationales
for Psychosocial treatment of ADHD, we describe the MTA's
Psychosocial Treatment strategy applied to all children in
two of the four experimental arms (Psychosocial treatment
alone; Combined treatment). Psychosocial treatment consisted
of three major components: a Parent Training component, a
two-part School Intervention component, and a child
treatment component anchored in an intensive Summer
Treatment Program. Components were selected based on
evidence of treatment efficacy and because they address
comprehensive symptom targets, settings, comorbidities, and
functional domains. We delineate key conceptual and
logistical issues faced by clinical researchers in design
and implementation of Psychosocial research with examples of
how these issues were addressed in the MTA
study.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1005174913412},
Key = {fds276846}
}
@article{fds276847,
Author = {March, JS and Swanson, JM and Arnold, LE and Hoza, B and Conners, CK and Hinshaw, SP and Hechtman, L and Kraemer, HC and Greenhill, LL and Abikoff, HB and Elliott, LG and Jensen, PS and Newcorn, JH and Vitiello,
B and Severe, J and Wells, KC and Pelham, WE},
Title = {Anxiety as a predictor and outcome variable in the
multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD
(MTA).},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {527-541},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104315},
Abstract = {Initial moderator analyses in the Multimodal Treatment Study
of Children with ADHD (MTA) suggested that child anxiety
ascertained by parent report on the Diagnostic Interview
Schedule for Children 2.3 (DISC Anxiety) differentially
moderated the outcome of treatment. Left unanswered were
questions regarding the nature of DISC Anxiety, the impact
of comorbid conduct problems on the moderating effect of
DISC Anxiety, and the clinical significance of DISC Anxiety
as a moderator of treatment outcome. Thirty-three percent of
MTA subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for an anxiety disorder
excluding simple phobias. Of these, two-thirds also met
DSM-III-R criteria for comorbid oppositional-defiant or
conduct disorder whereas one-third did not, yielding an odds
ratio of approximately two for DISC Anxiety, given conduct
problems. In this context, exploratory analyses of baseline
data suggest that DISC Anxiety may reflect parental
attributions regarding child negative affectivity and
associated behavior problems (unlike fearfulness),
particularly in the area of social interactions, another
core component of anxiety that is more typically associated
with phobic symptoms. Analyses using hierarchical linear
modeling (HLM) indicate that the moderating effect of DISC
Anxiety continues to favor the inclusion of psychosocial
treatment for anxious ADHD children irrespective of the
presence or absence of comorbid conduct problems. This
effect, which is clinically meaningful, is confined
primarily to parent-reported outcomes involving disruptive
behavior, internalizing symptoms, and inattention; and is
generally stronger for combined than unimodal treatment.
Contravening earlier studies, no adverse effect of anxiety
on medication response for core ADHD or other outcomes in
anxious or nonanxious ADHD children was demonstrated. When
treating ADHD, it is important to search for comorbid
anxiety and negative affectivity and to adjust treatment
strategies accordingly.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1005179014321},
Key = {fds276847}
}
@article{fds276843,
Author = {March, JS and Conners, C and Arnold, G and Epstein, J and Parker, J and Hinshaw, S and Abikoff, H and Molina, B and Wells, K and Newcorn, J and Schuck, S and Pelham, WE and Hoza, B},
Title = {The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC):
Confirmatory factor analysis in a pediatric ADHD
sample},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {85-89},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705479900300202},
Abstract = {While considerable attention has been paid to discriminating
attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders, there
are as yet no published confirmatory factor analytic studies
of any self-report anxiety scale in ADHD youth. The
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) is a
39-item, 4-point Likert self-report scale that robustly
represents the factor structure of anxiety in children aged
8 to 18 years. Using confirmatory factor analytic methods,
the present paper reports a replication of the four-factor
measurement model for the MASC in a large sample of ADHD
youth aged 7 to 10 years. The fit indices proved to be
comparable to those obtained in the MASC clinical and
non-clinical (normative) samples. Clinically, therefore,
this report strengthens confidence that the MASC is a valid
measure of anxiety in diverse populations. With respect to
research, it provides supporting evidence that results
obtained using the MASC in the MTA and other research
studies reflect valid estimates of anxiety in those samples.
Copyright © Multi-Health Systems Inc., 1999.},
Doi = {10.1177/108705479900300202},
Key = {fds276843}
}
@article{fds276800,
Author = {Conners, CK and Wells, KC and Parker, JD and Sitarenios, G and Diamond,
JM and Powell, JW},
Title = {A new self-report scale for assessment of adolescent
psychopathology: factor structure, reliability, validity,
and diagnostic sensitivity.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {6},
Pages = {487-497},
Year = {1997},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9468109},
Abstract = {This paper describes four studies on self-reported problems
in 2,243 adolescent males and females, 12 to 17 years of
age. In Study 1, principal-axis factoring of 102 items
covering 11 problem domains revealed six factors comprising
49.5% of the variance. Study 2 used confirmatory factor
analysis of a 64-item reduced set on a new sample of 408
adolescents. Goodness-of-fit indicators suggested that the
six-factor model had excellent fit to the data. Study 3 used
data from the 2,157 adolescents used in the first two
studies. Coefficient alphas ranged from .83 to .92. Median
test-retest reliability for the six factors was .86. There
was a consistent structure of the correlation matrix across
age and gender. Study 4 was a study of criterion validity,
using an additional sample of 86 children with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sensitivity
and specificity were high, with an overall diagnostic
efficiency of 83%. This new self-report scale, the
Conners/Wells Adolescent Self-Report of Symptoms (CASS), may
provide a useful component of a multimodal assessment of
adolescent psychopathology.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1022637815797},
Key = {fds276800}
}
@article{fds276842,
Author = {Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Elliott,
G and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen,
PS and Kraemer, HC and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Richters, JE and Schiller, E and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vereen,
D and Wells, KC},
Title = {National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (the MTA). Design
challenges and choices.},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {54},
Number = {9},
Pages = {865-870},
Year = {1997},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210113015},
Abstract = {The Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children
with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the
MTA, is the first child multisite cooperative agreement
treatment study of children conducted by the National
Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Md. It examines the
long-term effectiveness of medication vs behavioral
treatment vs both for treatment of ADHD and compares
state-of-the-art treatment with routine community care. In a
parallel-groups design, 576 children (age, 7-9 years) with
ADHD (96 at each site) are thoroughly assessed and
randomized to 4 conditions: (1) medication alone, (2)
psychosocial treatment alone, (3) the combination of both,
(4) or community comparison. The first 3 groups are treated
for 14 months and all are reassessed periodically for 24
months. Designers met the following challenges: framing
clinically relevant primary questions; defining the target
population; choice, intensity, and integration and
combination of treatments for fair comparisons; combining
scientific controls and standardization with clinical
flexibility; and implementing a controlled clinical trial in
a nonclinical setting (school) controlled by others.
Innovative solutions included extensive decision algorithms
and manualized adaptations of treatments to specific
needs.},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210113015},
Key = {fds276842}
}
@article{fds276799,
Author = {Colder, CR and Lochman, JE and Wells, KC},
Title = {The moderating effects of children's fear and activity level
on relations between parenting practices and childhood
symptomatology.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {251-263},
Year = {1997},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9212377},
Abstract = {Parenting practices have been previously linked to childhood
symptomatology. However, little consideration has been given
to the potential effect of individual differences within the
child on this relation. The current study assessed the
moderating effects of children's activity level and fear on
relations between parenting practices and childhood
aggression and depressive symptoms using a sample of 64
fourth-, and fifth-grade boys. The findings showed that
poorly monitored active boys and fearful boys who were
exposed to harsh discipline exhibited high levels of
aggression. Boys characterized by high fear who were exposed
to harsh discipline or whose parents were extremely
overinvolved showed elevated levels of depressive symptoms.
These findings suggest that integrating children's
individual differences with parenting models enhances our
understanding of the etiology of childhood symptomatology.
The intervention implications of such an integration are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1023/a:1025704217619},
Key = {fds276799}
}
@article{fds276801,
Author = {Wells, KC},
Title = {The death of discipline: Is the requiem premature?},
Journal = {Aggression and Violent Behavior},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Pages = {337-341},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(97)00019-0},
Abstract = {There is a current trend among one sector of the
professional mental- health community against the use of
confrontive discipline with children and toward a
positive-only approach to child behavior management. The
current paper addresses this position by providing an
overview of family process research as well as parent
training outcome research related to parent disciplinary
(punishment) practices. Consistent with research from
developmental psychology showing that 'authoritative'
parenting is associated with the best developmental
outcomes, this overview concludes that child management
which combines positive approaches with age appropriate
structures, limits, and non-hostile, nonviolent punishment
is associated with the best treatment outcomes. The paper
challenges positions calling for an end to the use of
punishment with children.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1359-1789(97)00019-0},
Key = {fds276801}
}
@article{fds276839,
Author = {Hinshaw, SP and March, JS and Abikoff, H and Arnold, LE and Cantwell,
DP and Conners, CK and Elliott, GR and Halperin, J and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, LT and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Newcorn, JH and McBurnett,
K and Pelham, WE and Richters, JE and Severe, JB and Schiller, E and Swanson, J and Vereen, D and Wells, K and Wigal, T},
Title = {Comprehensive assessment of childhood attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder in the context of a multisite,
multimodal clinical trial},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {217-234},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705479700100403},
Abstract = {As the largest randomized clinical trial conducted by the
National Institute of Mental Health, the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) will yield data
on a diverse sample of 576 7.0- to 9.9-year-old children
with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
Combined type, regarding the relative and combined
effectiveness of psychosocial and pharmacologic
interventions. After delineating key challenges posed by
such a multisite investigation, we describe the MTA's
multiple-gating procedures for recruitment, screening, and
diagnosis of a diverse sample. We then discuss the
cross-domain assessment battery for tracking the sample
before, during, and after 14 months of active intervention.
Throughout, we emphasize the guiding principles that shaped
pertinent decision making. Highlighted are issues of
psychometric adequacy; dimensional vs. categorical
measurement; multi-method, multi-agent, and multi-domain
coverage; plotting of individual trajectories of development
and change; respondent bias and burden; appraisal of
treatment processes as well as outcomes; and construction of
composite indices. Copyright © Multi-Health Systems Inc.,
1997.},
Doi = {10.1177/108705479700100403},
Key = {fds276839}
}
@article{fds276841,
Author = {Arnold, LE and Abikoff, HB and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Elliott,
GR and Greenhill, LL and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and Kraemer, HC and March, JS and Newcorn, JH and Pelham, WE and Richters, JE and Schiller, E and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vereen,
D and Wells, KC},
Title = {NIMH collaborative multimodal treatment study of children
with ADHD (MTA): Design, methodology, and protocol
evolution},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {141-158},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705479700200301},
Abstract = {The steering committee of the collaborative six-site
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (the MTA) had to
develop a common protocol consistent with public health
goals and with scientific and clinical state of the art.
With the aid of statistical, educational, and public health
consultation, the steering committee balanced the stated
objectives of the RFA against budgetary, clinical, ethical,
and logistical practicalities. Two primary questions will be
addressed: (1) What is the relative long-term effectiveness
of excellent medication vs. excellent behavioral treatment
vs. the combination? (2) What is the relative long-term
effectiveness of each of these state-of-the art intense
treatments vs. routine community care? In a parallel-group
design, 576 children (96 at each site) age 7-9 in grades 1-4
are thoroughly assessed in multiple domains from multiple
informants and randomized to 4 treatment conditions: a
medication-alone strategy, a psychosocial-treatment-alone
strategy, a combination strategy, and community comparison
(assessment and referral). The first three groups are
treated for 14 months and all are re-assessed periodically
for 24 months. Each treatment strategy is multi-component,
with compromises between clinical flexibility and cross-site
uniformity supported by a multi-tiered supervisory/fidelity
structure, including 10 manuals, weekly teleconference
panels, site visits, circuit-riding consultants, and
feedback loops from therapists and supervisors to the
steering committee about clinical realities. The resulting
data should not only answer the primary questions above, but
also support secondary data analyses about the effect of
comorbidity, sex, SES, and other subject characteristics on
treatment outcome. The MTA should both provide conclusions
useful to the practicing clinician and define questions for
the next generation of investigations. Copyright ©
Multi-Health Systems Inc., 1997.},
Doi = {10.1177/108705479700200301},
Key = {fds276841}
}
@article{fds276896,
Author = {March, JS and Wells, K and Keith Conners and C},
Title = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Part II. Treatment
strategies},
Journal = {Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral
Health},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-32},
Year = {1996},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1076-5417},
Abstract = {In the second half of this two-part article, the authors
review the current state of knowledge about the treatment of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the
lifespan. They first discuss general principles of
pharmacotherapy for ADHD and then review the use of the
psychostimulants, as well as nonstimulant medications, for
ADHD. A strong case is made for including psychosocial
interventions in any treatment plan in order to address the
complex set of treatment targets that characterize the
typical patient with ADHD. The authors review the types of
psychosocial interventions that have been found most
effective in ADHD, focusing especially on parent training
and pedagogical/behavioral school interventions. The article
concludes with a discussion of how to combine
psychopharmacological treatments and psychosocial
interventions most effectively and how to treat ADHD
patients whose conditions are complicated by comorbid
disorders. Copyright ©Williams & Wilkins, Waverly
Inc.,.},
Key = {fds276896}
}
@article{fds276840,
Author = {Greenhill, LL and Abikoff, HB and Arnold, LE and Cantwell, DP and Conners, CK and Elliott, G and Hechtman, L and Hinshaw, SP and Hoza, B and Jensen, PS and March, JS and Newcorn, J and Pelham, WE and Severe, JB and Swanson, JM and Vitiello, B and Wells, K},
Title = {Medication treatment strategies in the MTA Study: relevance
to clinicians and researchers.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1304-1313},
Year = {1996},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199610000-00017},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Clinicians have difficulty applying drug research
findings to clinical practice, because research protocols
use methods different from those used in daily office
practice settings. METHOD: To design a medication protocol
for a multisite clinical trial involving 576 children with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while
maintaining relevance to clinical practice, investigators
from the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA study) developed novel medication strategies.
These were designed to work either in a monomodal or
multimodal format and to ensure standard approaches are used
across diverse sites. Each child randomized to medication
(projected N = 288) is individually titrated to his or her
"best" methylphenidate dose and has individual ADHD symptoms
monitored. Decision rules were developed to guide "best
dose" selection, dose changes, medication changes, the
management of side effects, and integration with
psychosocial treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The MTA study uses a
controlled method to standardize the identification of each
child's "best" methylphenidate dose in a national, multisite
cooperative treatment program. Although the titration
protocol is complex, the study's individual dosing approach
and algorithms for openly managing ADHD children's
medication over time will be of interest to clinicians in
office practice.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199610000-00017},
Key = {fds276840}
}
@article{fds276895,
Author = {Wells, KC and Egan, J},
Title = {Social learning and systems family therapy for childhood
oppositional disorder: comparative treatment
outcome.},
Journal = {Comprehensive Psychiatry},
Volume = {29},
Number = {2},
Pages = {138-146},
Year = {1988},
ISSN = {0010-440X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-440x(88)90006-5},
Abstract = {Oppositional, noncompliant behavior is a frequent referral
problem of children seen in child treatment facilities and
is the defining characteristic of Oppositional Disorder. The
present study evaluated the comparative efficacy of two
treatment modalities. Nineteen families were randomly
assigned to receive either social learning-based parent
training (SLPT) or systems family therapy (SFT). Dependent
variables included a reliable, valid coding system that
measures noncompliant child behavior and other aspects of
parent-child interactions, as well as several parent
self-report inventories. Results showed that SLPT was more
effective than SFT in reducing the primary symptoms of
Oppositional Disorder. No differences were noted on measures
of parent adjustment. Results are discussed in terms of the
relatively greater efficacy of SLPT for treatment of the
primary symptoms of Oppositional Disorder. The efficacy of
SFT on other aspects of child and family function in
Oppositional Disorder, and for other childhood disorders is
not ruled out. © 1988.},
Doi = {10.1016/0010-440x(88)90006-5},
Key = {fds276895}
}
@article{fds276797,
Author = {Horn, WF and Conners, CK and Wells, KC and Shaw, D},
Title = {Use of the abikoff classroom observation coding system on a
children's inpatient psychiatric unit},
Journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {9-23},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1986},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0882-2689},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00960868},
Abstract = {The Abikoff systematic observation coding system (Abikoff,
Gittelman-Klein, & Klein, 1977) has received considerable
attention in the literature for assessing disruptive and
off-task classroom behavior. However, its use has been
restricted to regular classrooms with clinic outpatients.
The present study investigated the reliability and validity
of this code when used in a classroom setting with children
hospitalized on an inpatient psychiatric unit. Results
demonstrated excellent reliability and acceptable concurrent
and discriminant validity of the code when used in an
inpatient setting, although data were equivocal regarding
the ability of the code to discriminate medication status
within subjects. © 1986 Plenum Publishing
Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00960868},
Key = {fds276797}
}
@article{fds276798,
Author = {Wells, KC and Copeland, B},
Title = {Childhood and adolescent obesity: progress in behavioral
assessment and treatment.},
Journal = {Progress in Behavior Modification},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {145-176},
Year = {1985},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-535619-0.50008-3},
Doi = {10.1016/b978-0-12-535619-0.50008-3},
Key = {fds276798}
}
@article{fds276795,
Author = {Barlow, DH and Patterson, GR and Wells, KC},
Title = {A social learning approach, vol. 3: Coercive family
process},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-127},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80046-5},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80046-5},
Key = {fds276795}
}
@article{fds276796,
Author = {Delamater, AM and Conners, CK and Wells, KC},
Title = {A comparison of staff training procedures. Behavioral
applications in the child psychiatric inpatient
setting.},
Journal = {Behavior Modification},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-58},
Year = {1984},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455840081003},
Abstract = {The present study sought to determine the most efficient
means of staff management by comparing three training
procedures: in-service training, using Brown and Presbie's
(1974) behavior Modification Skills, direct feedback of
actual staff performance, and role-playing, involving
instruction, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, feedback, and
reinforcement with an experienced behavior therapist. Direct
naturalistic observational procedures were used to obtain
behavioral data to eight staff members' (nurses and aides)
interactions with children on an inpatient psychiatric unit.
The phases of the study, which spanned twenty-one weeks,
included: baseline 1, in-service training, in-service plus
direct feedback (administered sequentially across subjects),
baseline 2, and role-playing. Results indicated that the
in-service training had little effect on staff behavior,
direct feedback in some cases resulted in increased
frequency of appropriate staff responding, including greater
use of positive reinforcement and vocalizations, but these
gains were not maintained across time, and the greatest
gains in staff behavior occurred as a result of
role-playing. These results are discussed in terms of both
the specific advantages and disadvantages of each of the
training procedures, and the practicality and political
issues involved.},
Doi = {10.1177/01454455840081003},
Key = {fds276796}
}
@article{fds276793,
Author = {Chatoor, I and Wells, KC and Conners, CK and Seidel, WT and Shaw,
D},
Title = {The effects of nocturnally administered stimulant medication
on EEG sleep and behavior in hyperactive
children.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child
Psychiatry},
Volume = {22},
Number = {4},
Pages = {337-342},
Year = {1983},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0002-7138},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60668-3},
Abstract = {Insomnia has been known to be one of the side effects of
stimulant drug therapy in children. Surprsingly, children
who had been diagnosed to have an attention deficit disorder
with hyperactivity, and who had presented daytime behavioral
problems and sleeping difficulties as well, had clinically
responded well to morning, afternoon and evening doses of
dextroamphetamine capsules. In seven of these children, the
effect of nocturnally administered dextroamphetamine upon
EEG sleep was studied by a double-blind crossover method.
Significant effects were obtained for six sleep parameters.
During the drug condition, the EEG showed a significant
shift in sleep architecture with a marked increase of sleep
stages 1 and 2 and a corresponding decrease in REM sleep,
sleep stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) remaining unchanged. There
was a marked delay of the first REM period (REM latency), a
decrease in percentage of REM sleep and the number of REM
periods, which might account for less disruption of sleep by
dreaming. There was also a slight decrease of overall
sleeping time (sleep efficiency).},
Doi = {10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60668-3},
Key = {fds276793}
}
@article{fds276792,
Author = {Griest, DL and Wells, KC},
Title = {Behavioral family therapy with conduct disorders in
children},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-53},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(83)80086-0},
Abstract = {Child behavior therapy has developed primarily within a
parent consultation framework (i.e., parent training),
especially with "conduct disorder" problems in children.
Recent critiques within the field of behavior therapy as
well as an increasing amount of data suggest the need to
expand the current paradigm in child behavior therapy. The
present article reviews data concerning the impact of
various family variables on the conceptualization and
treatment of child behavior problems, specifically conduct
disorder problems. The authors recommend expansion of the
current child behavior therapy model to a "behavioral family
therapy" model. © 1983 Association for Advancement of
Behavior Therapy. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(83)80086-0},
Key = {fds276792}
}
@article{fds276790,
Author = {Forehand, R and Wells, KC and McMahon, RJ and Griest, D and Rogers,
T},
Title = {Maternal perception of maladjustment in clinic-referred
children: An extension of earlier research},
Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Assessment},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {145-151},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1982},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0164-0305},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321388},
Abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to extend earlier
research examining predictors of maternal perceptions of
maladjustment in clinic-referred children. Forty-five
mothers and their clinic-referred children served as
subjects. Maternal perceptions of child maladjustment were
measured by the Parent Attitude Test. Maternal depression,
marital adjustment, and family socioeconomic status were
determined by the Beck Depression Inventory, Locke Marital
Adjustment Test, and Myers and Bean index of social status,
respectively. Child compliance and child deviant behavior
(other than noncompliance) were obtained in home
observations collected by independent observers. The results
indicated that maternal depression was the best predictor of
maternal perception of children. The remaining variables
failed to contribute to the multiple regression analyses.
Separate analyses also were performed on males and females
and different predictor variables emerged for the two
groups. © 1982 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01321388},
Key = {fds276790}
}
@article{fds276794,
Author = {Forehand, R and Griest, DL and Wells, K and McMahon,
RJ},
Title = {Side effects of parent counseling on marital
satisfaction},
Journal = {Journal of Counseling Psychology},
Volume = {29},
Number = {1},
Pages = {104-107},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)},
Year = {1982},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-0167},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.29.1.104},
Abstract = {In a study with 27 mothers and their clinic-referred
children, mothers were divided into 3 groups based on their
pretreatment level of marital satisfaction (Locke Marital
Adjustment Test). Child compliance and deviant behavior as
measured by independent observers, parent perceptions of
child adjustment, and parent marital satisfaction were
assessed before treatment, after treatment, and at a 2-mo
follow-up. Parent counseling consisted of teaching mothers
to reward appropriate behavior and use a time-out procedure
for deviant behavior. All groups changed significantly from
pre- to posttreatment on the child behavior measures and on
parent perceptions of child adjustment. These changes were
maintained at follow-up for child compliance and parent
perceptions of child adjustment. The group of mothers with
low marital satisfaction reported an increase in marital
adjustment from pretreatment to posttreatment, but this
effect was not maintained at the 2-mo follow-up. Groups with
medium or high marital satisfaction reported no change in
marital adjustment. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American
Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037//0022-0167.29.1.104},
Key = {fds276794}
}
@article{fds276780,
Author = {Forehand, R and Rogers, T and McMahon, RJ and Wells, KC and Griest,
DL},
Title = {Teaching parents to modify child behavior problems: an
examination of some follow-up data.},
Journal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {313-322},
Year = {1981},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0146-8693},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/6.3.313},
Abstract = {The maintenance of treatment effects associated with the use
of a standardized parent training program was examined.
Thirty-six mother-child pairs, who had completed parent
training, were contacted to participate in an 8-month
follow-up; 18 agreed to participate. Treatment effects were
assessed by home observational data and parent perceptions
of child adjustment at pretreatment, posttreament, and
follow-up. The results indicated that child behavior change
and parent perceptions of change in child adjustment were
maintained at follow-up. Positive parent behavior changed
with treatment and occurred at a significantly higher rate
at follow-up that at pretreatment. No differences were
detected at pre- or posttreatment between mother-child pairs
who participated in follow-up and those who refused to
participate.},
Doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/6.3.313},
Key = {fds276780}
}
@article{fds276791,
Author = {Wells, KC and Conners, CK and Imber, L and Delamater,
A},
Title = {Use of single-subject methodology in clinical
decision-making with a hyperactive child on the psychiatric
inpatient unit},
Journal = {Behavioral Assessment},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3-4},
Pages = {359-369},
Year = {1981},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0191-5401},
Abstract = {The efficacy of various types of stimulant medications as
well as behavioral interventions for treatment of
hyperactive children has been well established. The present
study illustrates the use of single-subject methodology in
deciding which treatment or combination of treatments is
most appropriate for any given individual. Using an A B A C
CD A1D CD design, the relative clinical effectiveness of
dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) (B), methylphenidate (Ritalin)
(C), behavioral self-control (D), and their combination was
assessed in a hyperactive child. Assessment occurred across
two response systems, behavioral and physiological. A
combination of methylphenidate plus behavioral self-control
procedures produced the most efficacious outcome. Results
are discussed in terms of the usefulness of single-subject
methodology in guiding the clinical decision-making process
for an individual client. © 1981.},
Key = {fds276791}
}
@article{fds276788,
Author = {Rickard, KM and Forehand, R and Wells, KC and Griest, DL and McMahon,
RJ},
Title = {Factors in the referral of children for behavioral
treatment: a comparison of mothers of clinic-referred
deviant, clinic-referred non-deviant and non-clinic
children.},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {19},
Number = {3},
Pages = {201-205},
Year = {1981},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(81)90003-6},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to compare a non-clinic sample
of mothers and children to two groups of clinic-referred
children and their mothers. The two clinic-referred groups
differed from one another in that the selection criterion
for one group of children (Clinic Deviant) was that they
were significantly more deviant and non-compliant than the
non-clinic group whereas the selection criterion for the
second group of children (Clinic Non-deviant) was that they
did not differ significantly from the non-clinic group on
deviant and non-compliant behavior. Home observations by
independent observers and parent questionnaires examining
parental adjustment and parental perceptions of child
adjustment were completed. The results indicated that both
clinic groups perceived their children as more maladjusted
than parents in the non-clinic groups perceived their
children. Parents of the children in the Clinic Non-deviant
group were significantly more depressed than those in the
remaining two groups, whereas parents in the Clinic Deviant
group issued more vague, interrupted commands than those in
the Clinic Non-deviant group. Implications of the findings
are discussed. © 1981.},
Doi = {10.1016/0005-7967(81)90003-6},
Key = {fds276788}
}
@article{fds276773,
Author = {Petti, TA and Wells, K},
Title = {Crisis treatment of a preadolescent who accidentally killed
his twin.},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychotherapy},
Volume = {34},
Number = {3},
Pages = {434-443},
Year = {1980},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1980.34.3.434},
Abstract = {Justification and effectiveness of a multimodal approach to
treating a preadolescent who accidentally killed his twin is
presented and recommended as a model for treatment of
similarly disturbed children. The interaction of dynamically
oriented therapy, pharmacotherapy, conflict-resolution/problem-solving-skills
training, biofeedback/desensitization, and family work is
detailed.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1980.34.3.434},
Key = {fds276773}
}
@article{fds276787,
Author = {Griest, DL and Forehand, R and Wells, KC and McMahon,
RJ},
Title = {An examination of differences between nonclinic and
behavior-problem clinic-referred children and their
mothers.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
Volume = {89},
Number = {3},
Pages = {497-500},
Year = {1980},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-843X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.89.3.497},
Abstract = {Attempted to determine if clinic and nonclinic groups
differed according to the following factors: child behavior
recorded in the home by an independent observer (O);
maternal behavior recorded in the home by an independent O;
mother-recorded rates of child behavior; maternal
perceptions of child behavior; and presence of maternal
depression, anxiety, and marital problems. The study also
attempted to determine, by means of a stepwise discriminant
analysis, which factor was the best discriminator of
clinic-nonclinic status in children. Multiple regression
analyses were used to examine which variables were the best
predictors in each group of the discriminator variables
delineated in the stepwise discriminant analysis. 20
behavior-problem clinic-referred 5-yr-olds and their mothers
and 20 nonclinic 5-yr-olds and their mothers served as Ss.
Results indicate that the 2 groups differed on child
compliance recorded by an independent O and by the mother,
maternal perception of child adjustment, and maternal
adjustment. Maternal perception of child adjustment was the
best discriminator between groups. For the nonclinic group
maternal perceptions of child adjustment were best predicted
by the child's behavior, whereas for the clinic group
maternal perceptions of child adjustment were best predicted
by an interaction of child behavior and the mother's
personal adjustment. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1980 American
Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037//0021-843x.89.3.497},
Key = {fds276787}
}
@article{fds276789,
Author = {Wells, KC and McMahon, RJ and Forehand, R and Griest,
DL},
Title = {Effect of a reliability observer on the frequency of
positive parent behavior recorded during naturalistic
parent-child interactions},
Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Assessment},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-69},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1980},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0164-0305},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321433},
Abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect
of the presence of a reliability observer on the number of
positive parent behaviors recorded by a primary observer
during naturalistic parent-child interactions. Thirty
parents and their young clinic-referred children served as
subjects. After two initial home observations, a reliability
observer was present to record data in observation session
3, but not session 4, for one-half the subjects. For the
remaining subjects the reliability observer was present in
session 4 but not session 3. The results of a 2 × 2
analysis of variance indicated a group by session
interaction which resulted from an increase in maternal
attention to the child in the presence of a reliability
observer. Hypotheses to explain the finding are presented
and implications of the results are discussed. © 1980
Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01321433},
Key = {fds276789}
}
@article{fds276786,
Author = {Forehand, R and Wells, KC and Griest, DL},
Title = {An examination of the social validity of a parent training
program},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {488-502},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(80)80065-7},
Abstract = {This study examined the social validity of a parent training
program. Subjects were 15 clinic-referred children and their
mothers and 15 nonclinic mother-child pairs. Home
observations were conducted pre- and posttreatment and at a
2-month follow-up for the clinic group and at comparable
times for the nonclinic group. Parental questionnaires
regarding child adjustment also were completed. Fifteen
months after treatment, consumer satisfaction measures were
collected from parents in the clinic group. Treatment
involved teaching parents to use social reinforcement and
time-out. Clinic children were less compliant and more
deviantbefore treatment but not after treatment or at the
follow-up than the nonclinic children. Clinic parents
perceived their children as being less well adjusted prior
to and after treatment, but not at the 2-month follow-up,
than the nonclinic parents perceived their children. At the
15-month follow-up, parents indicated satisfaction with the
treatment they had received. © 1980 Association for
Advancement of Behavior Therapy.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(80)80065-7},
Key = {fds276786}
}
@article{fds276894,
Author = {Wells, KC and Griest, DL and Forehand, R},
Title = {The use of a self-control package to enhance temporal
generality of a parent training program},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {347-353},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1980},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(80)90094-7},
Abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to examine the
effectiveness of a self-control package in enhancing
temporal generality of a parent training program. Sixteen
mothers and their clinic-referred noncompliant children were
assigned to either a parent training alone group, or a
parent training plus self-control group. All mother-child
dyads were treated individually by teaching the mother to
reward compliance and other prosocial behavior, and to use
time-out for noncompliance. In addition, mothers who also
received self-control training learned to self-monitor their
use of their new parenting skills and to reinforce
themselves for use of the skill during a 2 month follow-up
period. Assessment consisted of four home observations by
independent observers prior to treatment, after treatment,
and at a 2 month follow-up. The data indicated that the
children in the parent training plus self-control group were
significantly more compliant and less deviant at the 2 month
follow-up than the children in the parent training alone
group. Parental behavior did not differ between the two
groups at the follow-up. © 1980.},
Doi = {10.1016/0005-7967(80)90094-7},
Key = {fds276894}
}
@article{fds276891,
Author = {Wells, KC and Hersen, M and Bellack, AS and Himmelhoch,
J},
Title = {Social skills training in unipolar nonpsychotic
depression.},
Journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {136},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1331-1332},
Year = {1979},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.10.1331},
Abstract = {The present study was designed as a preliminary clinical
investigation of the effectiveness of social skills training
in reducing acute unipolar depression in adult
women.},
Doi = {10.1176/ajp.136.10.1331},
Key = {fds276891}
}
@article{fds276892,
Author = {Forehand, R and Griest, DL and Wells, KC},
Title = {Parent behavioral training: an analysis of the relationship
among multiple outcome measures.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {7},
Number = {3},
Pages = {229-242},
Year = {1979},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00916534},
Abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to examine the
relationship among three types of outcome measures that have
been employed to evaluate parent behavioral trainining:
observational data collected by independent observers,
parent-collected data, and parent-completed questionnaires.
Previous research suggests that all three measures yield
positive outcome data; however, a correlational analysis has
not been performed to determine if the subjects who
demonstrate the largest (smallest) change on one measure
demonstrate the largest (smallest) change on the other
measures. The present study undertook such a correlational
analysis. Subjects were 20 young clinic-referred children
and their mothers. Treatment consisted of a standardized
parent training program to modify child noncompliance. All
three outcome measures (observational data, parent-collected
data, and questionnaire data) indicated that therapy was
effective. A correlational analysis performed on the outcome
measures indicated a number of significant relationships for
dependent variables within the observational data and within
the questionnaire data; however, there were no significant
relationships across the three outcome measures. Although
different outcome measures may yield similar conclusions
about the effectiveness of parent behavioral training, the
results suggest that any one subject, relative to other
subjects, does not demonstrate uniform degrees of change
across the three outcome measures. Explanations for the
findings, as well as their implications, are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00916534},
Key = {fds276892}
}
@article{fds276893,
Author = {Griest, D and Wells, KC and Forehand, R},
Title = {An examination of predictors of maternal perceptions of
maladjustment in clinic-referred children.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
Volume = {88},
Number = {3},
Pages = {277-281},
Year = {1979},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0021-843X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.88.3.277},
Abstract = {Investigated whether parental depression or child behavior
was the best predictor of maternal perceptions of
maladjustment in clinic-referred children. 22 mothers and
their children served as Ss. The sample children (mean age
64 mo) were referred for treatment of noncompliant behavior
problems; none of the Ss were severely retarded,
brain-damaged, or autistic. Maternal perceptions of child
maladjustment were measured by 3 scales of the Parent
Attitude Test. Maternal depression was determined by the
Beck Depression Inventory, while child compliance and child
deviant behavior (other than noncompliance) were obtained in
home observations collected by independent observers.
Results indicate that maternal depression was the best
predictor of maternal perception of children. Child behavior
did not contribute significantly to the multiple regression
analyses. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA,
all rights reserved). © 1979 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037//0021-843x.88.3.277},
Key = {fds276893}
}
@article{fds330462,
Author = {Forehand, R and Sturgis, ET and McMahon, RJ and Aguar, D and Green, K and Wells, KC and Breiner, J},
Title = {Parent Behavioral Training to Modify Child Noncompliance:
Treatment Generalization Across Time and from Home to
School},
Journal = {Behavior Modification},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {3-25},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1979},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014544557931001},
Doi = {10.1177/014544557931001},
Key = {fds330462}
}
@article{fds276785,
Author = {Turner, SM and Hersen, M and Bellack, AS and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive
neurosis.},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {95-106},
Year = {1979},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(79)90017-2},
Abstract = {Three chronic and severe obsessive-compulsive neurotics were
treated with behavioral intervention strategies and
psychotropic medication. The effects of treatment were
evaluated in three separate experiments with single case
experimental designs. The results suggest that response
prevention was effective in reducing ritualistic behavior
while the effects of flooding and antidepressant medication
added little to outcome. The results also suggest that
strategies aimed only at reducing compulsive behavior per se
are insufficient in eliminating other associated
difficulties (e.g., depressive symptoms, interpersonal
problems) and that a comprehensive approach to treatment is
needed. © 1979.},
Doi = {10.1016/0005-7967(79)90017-2},
Key = {fds276785}
}
@article{fds276889,
Author = {Doleys, DM and Wells, KC},
Title = {Situation generality of overcorrective functional movement
training.},
Journal = {Psychological Reports},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3 Pt 1},
Pages = {759-762},
Year = {1978},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1978.43.3.759},
Doi = {10.2466/pr0.1978.43.3.759},
Key = {fds276889}
}
@article{fds276888,
Author = {Forehand, R and Wells, KC and Sturgis, ET},
Title = {Predictors of child noncompliant behavior in the
home.},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {46},
Number = {1},
Pages = {179},
Year = {1978},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.46.1.179},
Abstract = {Conducted a study with 18 mothers and their clinic-referred
2-9 yr olds to examine which data (parent behavior, child
behavior, or parent reports) obtained in a clinic setting
would be the best indicators of child noncompliance in the
home. Results show that (a) 2 maternal behaviors, beta
commands and total rewards, displayed in the clinic were the
best predictors of child compliance in the home; and (b) the
traditionally accepted parent report measures and child
behavior in the clinic were not significant predictors of
compliance in the home. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006
APA, all rights reserved). © 1978 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037//0022-006x.46.1.179},
Key = {fds276888}
}
@article{fds276890,
Author = {Wells, KC and Turner, SM and Bellack, AS and Hersen,
M},
Title = {Effects of cue-controlled relaxation on psychomotor
seizures: an experimental analysis.},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {51-53},
Year = {1978},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(78)90089-x},
Doi = {10.1016/0005-7967(78)90089-x},
Key = {fds276890}
}
@article{fds276887,
Author = {Wells, KC and Forehand, R and Hickey, K},
Title = {Effects of a verbal warning and overcorrection on
stereotyped and appropriate behaviors.},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {387-403},
Year = {1977},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915087},
Abstract = {In Experiment I, the effects of a verbal warning, such as is
used in Overcorrection, delivered contingently on the
stereotyped mouthing behavior of two autistic/retarded
children were examined. A multiple baseline design across
subjects was used. The results indicated that the mouthing
of one child was reduced to a near-zero level and mouthing
of the second child was moderately reduced. Appropriate toy
play and inappropriate object manipulation failed to show
systematic changes in occurrence when mouthing was
decelerated. In Experiment II, the same subjects and
experimental design were used to assess the effects of a
positive practice Overcorrection procedure delivered
contingent on mouthing behavior. Overcorrection reduced the
mouthing of both subjects. There were no systematic changes
in inappropriate object manipulation but one subject did
demonstrate an increased occurrence of appropriate toy play.
In addition, this subject often engaged in aggressive/escape
behaviors during Overcorrection, suggesting that the
procedure was aversive to him.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00915087},
Key = {fds276887}
}
@article{fds276778,
Author = {Doleys, DM and Ciminero, AR and Tollison, JW and Williams, CL and Wells,
KC},
Title = {Dry-bed training and retention control training: A
comparison},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {541-548},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80183-4},
Abstract = {This study examined the efficacy of Dry-Bed Training (DBT)
in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and provided a direct
comparison with Retention Control Training (RCT). Changes in
bladder capacity as well as wets per night were recorded.
The results revealed (a) DBT to be effective in reducing
enuresis, (b) DBT to be clearly superior to RCT, and (c) no
apparent relationship between bladder capacity and changes
in wetting frequency. The differences between these data and
those obtained from previous studies using DBT and RCT were
discussed, as were the accuracy and reliability of the
estimates of bladder capacity. © 1977 Association for
Advancement of Behavior Therapy. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80183-4},
Key = {fds276778}
}
@article{fds276885,
Author = {Forehand, R and Wells, KC},
Title = {Teachers and parents: Where have all the "good" contingency
managers gone?},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1010},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80172-X},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80172-X},
Key = {fds276885}
}
@article{fds276886,
Author = {Wells, KC and Forehand, R and Hickey, K and Green,
KD},
Title = {Effects of a procedure derived from the overcorrection
principle on manipulated and nonmanipulated
behaviors.},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis},
Volume = {10},
Number = {4},
Pages = {679-687},
Year = {1977},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1977.10-679},
Abstract = {Positive practice overcorrection has been shown to be
effective in reducing stereotypic self-stimulatory behaviors
displayed by retarded and autistic individuals. In addition,
the procedure also may increase the occurrence of
appropriate behavior through intensive practice. In the
present study, several stereotypic and one appropriate
behavior (appropriate toy play1 displayed by two autistic
children were measured before and during treatment by a
positive practice in appropriate toy play overcorrection
procedure. Overcorrection was introduced for each of the
targeted inappropriate behaviors in sucession for both
children. Results showed that overcorrection reduced all
stereotypic behaviors displayed by both children. In
addition, one subject displayed marked increases in the
behavior practiced during overcorrection, appropriate toy
play, relative to its baseline rate of occurrence. The
results indicate that for some individuals, overcorrection
may be effective in teaching and motivating appropriate
forms of behavior as well as in reducing
stereotypy.},
Doi = {10.1901/jaba.1977.10-679},
Key = {fds276886}
}
@article{fds276884,
Author = {Doleys, DM and Wells, KC and Hobbs, SA and Roberts, MW and Cartelli,
LM},
Title = {The effects of social punishment on noncompliance: a
comparison with timeout and positive practice.},
Journal = {Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis},
Volume = {9},
Number = {4},
Pages = {471-482},
Year = {1976},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1976.9-471},
Abstract = {The effects of social punishment, positive practice, and
timeout on the noncompliant behavior of four mentally
retarded children were assessed in a multitreatment
withdrawal design. When programmed, the experimental
procedure occurred contigent on non-compliance to
experimenter-issued commands. Commands were given at 55-sec
intervals throughout each experimental session. The results
showed (1) lower levels of noncompliance with social
punishment than with the positive-practice or timeout
conditions, and (2) that relatively few applications of
social punishment were required to obtain this effect. The
advantages of social punishment over other punishment
procedures, considerations to be made before using it, and
the various aspects of the procedure that contribute to its
effectiveness were discussed.},
Doi = {10.1901/jaba.1976.9-471},
Key = {fds276884}
}
@article{fds276883,
Author = {Doleys, DM and Wells, KC},
Title = {Changes in functional bladder capacity and bed-wetting
during and after retention control training: a case
study},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {6},
Number = {5},
Pages = {685-688},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1975},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(75)80192-4},
Abstract = {Changes in functional bladder capacity and frequency of
bed-wetting were recorded during retention control training
with a 42 month old girl. Bladder capacity increased and
remained above baseline levels. Bed-wetting decreased and
did not occur during the last eight weeks of a 14 week
follow-up period. © 1975 Academic Press,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7894(75)80192-4},
Key = {fds276883}
}
%% Papers Published
@article{fds135065,
Title = {2001 Publications (Karen Wells)},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135065}
}
@article{fds135070,
Title = {Conners,C.K., (Ed), March,J.S. (Ed), Frances,A.(Ed),
Wells,K.C.(Ed), & Ross,R. (Ed), (2001). Treatment of
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder:Expert consensus
guidelines. Journal of Attention Disorders, 4,
S-1-S-128.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135070}
}
@article{fds135071,
Title = {Wells,K.C., (2001). Comprehensive versus matched
psychosocial treatment in the MTA study: Conceptual and
empirical issues. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30,
131-135.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135071}
}
@article{fds135072,
Title = {Jensen, P.S., Hinshaw, S.P., Swanson, J.M., Greenhill, L.L.,
Conners, C.K., Arnold, L.E., Abikofff, H.B., Elliott, G.,
Hechtman, L., Hoza, B., March, J.S., Newcorn, J.H., Severe,
J.B., Vitiello, B., Wells, K.C. & Wigal, T., (2001).
Findings from the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD
(MTA): Implications and applications for primary care
providers. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics,
22, 60-73.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135072}
}
@article{fds135073,
Title = {Swanson, J.M., Kraemer, H.C., Hinshaw, S.P., Arnold, L.E.,
Conners, C.K., Abikoff, H.B., Clevenger, W. Davies, M.,
Elliott, G.R., Greenhill, L.L., Hechtman, L., Hoza, B.,
Jensen, P.S., March, J.S., Newcorn, JH., Owens, E.B.,
Pelham, W.E., Schiller, E. Severe, J., Simpson, S.,
Vitiello, B., Wells, K.C., Wigal,T, & Wu, M. (2001).
Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA:
Success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at
the end of treatment. Journal of the American Academy of
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 168-179.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135073}
}
@article{fds135074,
Title = {Jensen, P.S., Hinshaw, S.P., Kraemer, H.C., Lenora, N.,
Newcorn, J.H., Abikoff, H.B., March, J.S., Arnold, L.E.,
Cantwell, D.P., Conners, C.K., Elliott, G.R., Greenhill,
L.L., Hechtman,L., Hoza, B., Pelham, W.E., Severe, J.B.,
Swanson, J.M., Wells, K.C., Wigal, T., & Vitiello,B.,
(2001), ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study:
Comparing comorbid subgroups. Journal of the American
Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40,
147-158.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135074}
}
@article{fds135075,
Title = {Conners, C.K., Epstein, J.N., March, J.S., Angold, A.,
Wells, K.C., Klaric, J., Swanson, J.M., Abikoff, H.B.,
Arnold, L.E., Elliott, G.R. Greenhill, L.L., Hechtman, L.,
Hinshaw, S.P., Hoza, B., Jensen, P.S., Kraemer, H.C.,
Newcorn, J., Pelham, W.E., Severe, J.B., Vitiello, B.,
Wigal, T (2001). Multimodal treatment of ADHD (MTA): An
alternative outcome analysis. Journal of American Academy of
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 40, 159-167.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds135075}
}
@article{fds135064,
Title = {March JS, Wells KC, Conners CK: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder: Part II. Treatment strategies. Journal of
Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral Health 2: 23-32,
1996.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds135064}
}
@article{fds135067,
Title = {Wells KC: Parent management training. In: Sholevar GP (ed),
Conduct Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Assessment
and Intervention. Washington: APPI Press,
1995.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds135067}
}
@article{fds135069,
Title = {March JS, Wells KC, Conners CK Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder: Part I. Assessment and diagnosis. Journal of
Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral Health 1: 219-228,
1995.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds135069}
}
@article{fds135063,
Title = {Wells KC: Parent and family management training. In:
Craighead LW, Craighead WE, Kazdin AE, Mahoney MJ (eds),
Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions: An empirical
approach to mental health problems. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
1994.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds135063}
}
@article{fds135068,
Title = {Conners CK, Wells KC, Erhardt D, March JS, Schulte A,
Osborne S, Fiore C, Butcher T: Methodological issues in the
study of multimodality therapies. In Greenhill L (ed), Child
and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America:
Disruptive disorders. Philadelphia: Saunders,
1994.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds135068}
}
@article{fds135062,
Title = {Wells KC, Egan J: Social learning and systems family therapy
for childhood oppositional disorder. Comparative treatment
outcome. Comprehensive Psychiatry 29: 138-146,
1988},
Year = {1988},
Key = {fds135062}
}
@article{fds135061,
Title = {Conners CK, Wells KC: Hyperkinetic Children: A
Neuropsychosocial Approach. New York: Sage,
1986.},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds135061}
}
@article{fds135066,
Title = {Wells KC, Griest DL, Forehand, R: The use of a self-control
procedure to enhance temporal generality of a parent
training program. Behaviour Research and Therapy 18:
347-353, 1980},
Year = {1980},
Key = {fds135066}
}
%% Books
@book{fds40654,
Author = {Conners CK, and Wells KC},
Title = {Hyperkinetic Children: A Neuropsychosocial
Approach},
Publisher = {New York: Sage},
Year = {1986},
Key = {fds40654}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds330461,
Author = {Wells, KC},
Title = {Treatment of Adhd in Children and Adolescents},
Pages = {343-368},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Interventions that Work with Children and
Adolescents: Prevention and Treatment},
Publisher = {JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {0470844531},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470753385.ch15},
Doi = {10.1002/9780470753385.ch15},
Key = {fds330461}
}
@misc{fds348460,
Author = {Wells, KC},
Title = {Parent training in the treatment of ADHD},
Pages = {191-197},
Booktitle = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Concepts,
Controversies, New Directions},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781420017144},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420017144-21},
Abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic
and impairing disorder of childhood, adolescence, and
adulthood and is characterized by primary symptoms of
inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity (1). In addition,
ADHD is usually associated with one or more comorbid
conditions, associated features, and functional deficits, or
combination of these, which add to the impairment picture
and complicate treatment planning. Oppositional defiant
disorder (ODD) is the most common comorbid condition with
35% to 60% of ADHD children also meeting criteria for an ODD
diagnosis (2,3). Conduct disorder (CD), another significant
comorbid condition occurs in 30% to 50% of ADHD cases. Among
the functional impairments, difficulties within the family
and parenting domains are prominent.},
Doi = {10.3109/9781420017144-21},
Key = {fds348460}
}
@misc{fds40652,
Author = {Wells, KC},
Title = {Parent management training},
Booktitle = {Conduct Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Assessment
and Intervention},
Publisher = {Washington: APPI Press},
Editor = {GP Sholevar},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds40652}
}
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