Publications of Laura Smart Richman :chronological combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds156770,
Author = {Smart Richman and L. and Leary, M.},
Title = {Reactions to Discrimination, Stigmatization, Ostracism, and
Other Forms of Interpersonal Rejection: A Dynamic,
Multi-Motive Model},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Year = {2009},
Abstract = {Abstract This paper describes a new model that provides a
framework for understanding people’s reactions to threats
to social acceptance and belonging as they occur in the
context of diverse phenomena such as rejection,
discrimination, ostracism, betrayal, and stigmatization.
People’s immediate reactions are quite similar across
different forms of rejection in terms of negative affect and
lowered self-esteem. However, following these immediate
responses, people’s reactions are influenced by construals
of the rejection experience that predict three distinct
motives for prosocial, antisocial, and socially avoidant
behavioral responses. We describe the relational,
contextual, and dispositional factors that affect which
motives determine people’s reactions to a rejection
experience and the ways in which these three motives may
work at cross-purposes. The multi-motive model accounts for
the myriad ways in which responses to rejection unfold over
time and offers a basis for the next generation of research
on interpersonal rejection.},
Key = {fds156770}
}
@article{fds140293,
Author = {Smart Richman and L. and Jonassaint, C.},
Title = {The Effects of Race-related Stress on Cortisol Reactivity in
the Laboratory: Implications of the Duke Lacrosse
Scandal},
Journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {105-110},
Year = {2008},
Abstract = {Background: This research examines the impact of a real-life
stressor on physiological responses to a social evaluative
threat induced in the laboratory. Methods: Salivary cortisol
measures were collected throughout a stressor protocol.
Participants were also randomized to one of two conditions
designed to promote either racial identification or student
identification, prior to the experimental task.
Unexpectedly, a highly publicized real-life racial stressor,
the Duke Lacrosse (LaX) scandal, occurred during the course
of the data collection. This allowed for pre-post LaX
comparisons to be made on cortisol levels. Results: These
comparisons showed that, across both priming conditions,
participants post-LaX had highly elevated cortisol levels
that were nonresponsive to the experimental stress task,
while their pre-LaX counterparts had lower cortisol levels
that exhibited a normal stress response pattern.
Furthermore, this effect of LaX was significantly moderated
by gender, with women having lower mean cortisol levels
pre-LaX but significantly greater cortisol levels than all
other groups post-LaX. Conclusions: These results suggest
that recent exposure to race-related stress can have a
sustained impact on physiological stress responses for
African Americans.},
Key = {fds140293}
}
@article{fds140295,
Author = {Smart Richman and L., Kohn-Wood and L. and Williams,
D.R.},
Title = {The Role of Discrimination and Racial Identity for Mental
Health Service Utilization},
Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {8},
Pages = {960-981},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {Several reports have documented different patterns in mental
health service utilization among ethnic minority groups,
particularly for Black Americans, in comparison to Whites.
In this research, we examined individual variables that may
underlie these differences, focusing on experiences of
discrimination and racial identity. We used a community
sample of over 1,000 White and Black American adults
residing in a large Midwestern metropolitan area. Results
showed that discrimination or unfair treatment was
marginally associated with increased utilization for Black
Americans after controlling for age, gender and
psychological distress, but prior to taking SES and identity
into account. For Black Americans, those with high racial
identity who experienced discrimination reported a lower
probability of utilization in comparison to those with low
racial identity. For White Americans, only gender and
psychological distress were associated with utilization.
Results are discussed in terms of the functions that racial
identity may play for Black Americans in the context of
health seeking behaviors.},
Key = {fds140295}
}
@article{fds140294,
Author = {Smart Richman and L., Bennett and G., Pek and J., Siegler and I. C. and Williams, R. B.},
Title = {Discrimination, Dispositions, and Cardiovascular Responses
to Stress},
Journal = {Health Psychology},
Volume = {26},
Number = {6},
Pages = {675-683},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {Objective: Recent research suggests that past exposure to
discrimination may influence perceptions of, and
physiological responses to, new challenges. The authors
examined how race and trait levels of hostility and optimism
interact with past exposure to discrimination to predict
physiological reactivity and recovery during an anger recall
task. Design: A community sample of 165 normotensive Black
and White adults participated in an anger recall task while
having their cardiovascular function monitored. Main Outcome
Measures: Blood pressure and heart rate indicators of
physiological reactivity and recovery. Results and
Conclusion: Participants had higher reactivity and slower
recovery to the anger recall task when they had high past
discrimination, low cynicism, or high optimism. The pattern
of effects was similar for both racial groups, but Blacks
had more acute reactivity and slower recovery than Whites.
These results are consistent with the perspective of
discrimination as a chronic stressor that is related to
acute stress responses, particularly for
Blacks.},
Key = {fds140294}
}
@article{fds140298,
Author = {Levy, A. G. and Maselko, J. and Bauer, M. and Smart Richman and L. and Kubzansky, L.},
Title = {Why do people with an anxiety disorder utilize more
nonmental health care than those without?},
Journal = {Health Psychology},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {545-553},
Year = {2007},
Abstract = {Objective: It is unclear why nonmental healthcare
utilization is greater among those with psychological
problems. The authors examined healthcare utilization in HMO
patients to determine whether greater utilization in anxiety
disorder (AD) patients was explained by anxiety symptoms
(increasing sensitivity to physical symptoms) or comorbid
illness (causing greater need for services). Design:
Patients were randomly selected from the database of a
multi-specialty practice and 1,041 completed a survey
assessing psychological symptoms, health behaviors, and
demographics. Anxiety symptoms were assessed by
questionnaire and the presence of an AD was determined from
the medical chart. Healthcare encounters and medication use
were abstracted from medical charts and HMO claims data.
Main Outcome Measures: Healthcare utilization. Results: Both
AD and anxiety symptoms predicted utilization, but symptoms
were not associated with utilization in a model that also
included AD. Comorbid illness was significantly associated
with utilization independent of AD and somewhat reduced the
strength of the AD-utilization association. The results were
replicated in comparison of those with any psychiatric
disorder to those without. Conclusion: Among those with AD,
greater utilization is not explained by anxiety symptoms but
is partly explained by greater comorbid illness. Further
study is needed to understand excess healthcare utilization
among AD patients.},
Key = {fds140298}
}
@article{fds39813,
Author = {Smart Richman and L., Kubzansky and L.D., Maselko and J., Kawachi and I., Choo and P. and Bauer, M.},
Title = {Positive Emotion and Health: Going Beyond the
Negative},
Journal = {Health Psychology},
Volume = {24},
Pages = {422-429},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds39813}
}
@article{fds39090,
Author = {Smart, L. and Wegner, D. M.},
Title = {Covering up what can’t be seen: Concealable stigma and
mental control},
Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
Volume = {77},
Pages = {474-486},
Year = {1999},
Key = {fds39090}
}
@article{fds39091,
Author = {Wegner, D. M. and Smart, L.},
Title = {Deep cognitive activation: A new approach to the
unconscious},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {65},
Pages = {984-995},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds39091}
}
@article{fds39092,
Author = {Smart, L. and Wegner, D. M.},
Title = {Strength of will},
Journal = {Psychological Inquiry},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {79-83},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds39092}
}
@article{fds39093,
Author = {Baumeister, R. F. and Smart, L. and Boden, J.
M.},
Title = {Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression:
The dark side of high self-esteem},
Journal = {Psychological Review},
Volume = {103},
Pages = {5-33},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds39093}
}
@article{fds39814,
Author = {Lester, N. and Smart, L. and Baum, A.},
Title = {Measuring coping flexibility in the general
population},
Journal = {Psychology & Health},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {409-424},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds39814}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@article{fds140299,
Author = {Smart Richman and L.},
Title = {Threatened Egotism Theory of Aggression},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Social Psychology},
Publisher = {Sage},
Address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
Editor = {R. F. Baumeister and K. Vohs},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds140299}
}
@article{fds49269,
Author = {Shelton, J.N. and Smart Richman and L.},
Title = {Self-affirmation Theory},
Series = {2nd},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences},
Publisher = {MacMillan Reference},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds49269}
}
@article{fds44560,
Author = {Smart Richman and L.},
Title = {Life Events and Stress},
Series = {2nd Edition},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences},
Publisher = {MacMillan},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds44560}
}
@article{fds39742,
Author = {Smart, L. and Wegner, D. M..},
Title = {The hidden costs of hidden stigma},
Booktitle = {The Social Psychology of Stigma},
Publisher = {New York: Guilford Press},
Editor = {Kleck, R. E. and Heatherton, T. F. and Hull, J.
G.},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds39742}
}
