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| Publications of Linda K. George :chronological alphabetical combined listing:%% Books @book{fds315984, Author = {George, LK and Ferraro, KF}, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Eighth Edition}, Pages = {1-531}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780124172852}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-01344-8}, Abstract = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Eighth Edition, presents the extraordinary growth of research on aging individuals, populations, and the dynamic culmination of the life course, providing a comprehensive synthesis and review of the latest research findings in the social sciences of aging. As the complexities of population dynamics, cohort succession, and policy changes modify the world and its inhabitants in ways that must be vigilantly monitored so that aging research remains relevant and accurate, this completely revised edition not only includes the foundational, classic themes of aging research, but also a rich array of emerging topics and perspectives that advance the field in exciting ways. New topics include families, immigration, social factors, and cognition, caregiving, neighborhoods, and built environments, natural disasters, religion and health, and sexual behavior, amongst others.}, Doi = {10.1016/C2013-0-01344-8}, Key = {fds315984} } @book{fds346651, Author = {George, LK and Ferraro, KF}, Title = {Preface}, Pages = {xiii-xiv}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780124172852}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417235-7.00028-7}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-417235-7.00028-7}, Key = {fds346651} } @book{fds255778, Author = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Year = {2011}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780123808806}, Abstract = {The Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Seventh Edition summarizes the research literature on the social aspects of aging. The Seventh Edition will have 88% new material and authors with 25 chapters: 22 of the chapters will be on completely new topics. Separated into four sections, the fully revised handbook will cover Theory and Methods, Aging and Social Structure, Social Factors and Social Institutions, and Aging and Society. Contains all the main areas of social science gerontological research in one volume Begins with a section on theory and methods Edited by one of the fathers of gerontology (Binstock) and contributors represent top scholars in gerontology. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Key = {fds255778} } @book{fds346656, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {As Time Goes By: Gerontological and Life Course Musings}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Settersten, RA and Angel, J}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds346656} } @book{fds255877, Author = {Binstock, RH and George, LK and Cutler, SJ and Hendricks, J and Schulz, JH}, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Series = {6th edition}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, R.H. and George, L.K.}, Year = {2006}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780120883882}, Abstract = {The Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Sixth Edition provides a comprehensive summary and evaluation of recent research on the social aspects of aging. The 25 chapters are divided into four sections discussing Aging and Time, Aging and Social Structure, Social Factors and Social Institutions, and Aging and Society. Within this context, aging is examined from the perspectives of many disciplines and professions including anthropology, bioethics, demography, economics, epidemiology, law, political science, psychology, and sociology. The Sixth Edition of the Handbook is virtually 100% new material. Seventeen chapters are on subjects not carried in the previous edition. Seven topics were carried over from the previous edition but written by new authors with fresh perspectives and brought up to date. Some of the exciting new topics include social relationships in late life, technological change and aging, religion and aging, lifestyle and aging, perceived quality of life, economic security in retirement, and aging and the law. There is also a greater emphasis on international perspectives, particularly in chapters on aging and politics, diversity and aging, and immigration. The Handbook will be of use to researchers and professional practitioners working with the aged. It is also suitable for use as a course text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses on aging and the social sciences. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Key = {fds255877} } @book{fds309975, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (fifth edition)}, Series = {fifth edition}, Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2001}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds309975} } @book{fds309976, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {George, LK and Binstock, RH}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds309976} } @book{fds309977, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (fourth edition)}, Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds309977} } @book{fds309978, Author = {Binstock, RH and George, LK and Cutler, SJ and Hendricks, J and Schulz, JH}, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {George, LK and Binstock, RH}, Year = {1996}, ISBN = {9780120883882}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-088388-2.X5000-7}, Abstract = {The Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Sixth Edition provides a comprehensive summary and evaluation of recent research on the social aspects of aging. The 25 chapters are divided into four sections discussing Aging and Time, Aging and Social Structure, Social Factors and Social Institutions, and Aging and Society. Within this context, aging is examined from the perspectives of many disciplines and professions including anthropology, bioethics, demography, economics, epidemiology, law, political science, psychology, and sociology. The Sixth Edition of the Handbook is virtually 100% new material. Seventeen chapters are on subjects not carried in the previous edition. Seven topics were carried over from the previous edition but written by new authors with fresh perspectives and brought up to date. Some of the exciting new topics include social relationships in late life, technological change and aging, religion and aging, lifestyle and aging, perceived quality of life, economic security in retirement, and aging and the law. There is also a greater emphasis on international perspectives, particularly in chapters on aging and politics, diversity and aging, and immigration. The Handbook will be of use to researchers and professional practitioners working with the aged. It is also suitable for use as a course text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses on aging and the social sciences. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-088388-2.X5000-7}, Key = {fds309978} } @book{fds309979, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (third edition)}, Publisher = {New York: Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds309979} } @book{fds309980, Author = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Title = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {George, LK and Binstock, RH}, Year = {1990}, ISBN = {9780123808806}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-01970-9}, Abstract = {The Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, Seventh Edition summarizes the research literature on the social aspects of aging. The Seventh Edition will have 88% new material and authors with 25 chapters: 22 of the chapters will be on completely new topics. Separated into four sections, the fully revised handbook will cover Theory and Methods, Aging and Social Structure, Social Factors and Social Institutions, and Aging and Society. Contains all the main areas of social science gerontological research in one volume Begins with a section on theory and methods Edited by one of the fathers of gerontology (Binstock) and contributors represent top scholars in gerontology. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/C2009-0-01970-9}, Key = {fds309980} } @book{fds255865, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Role Transitions in Later Life: A Social Stress Perspective}, Publisher = {Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds255865} } @book{fds392, Author = {L. George}, Title = {Palmore, E., Burchett, B., Fillenbaum, G.G., George, L.K., & Wallman, L.}, Journal = {Retirement: Causes and Consequences}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds392} } @book{fds255863, Author = {Busse, EW and Maddox, GL and Buckley, III and Burger, PC and George, LK and et al}, Title = {The Duke Longitudinal Studies of Normal Aging, 1955-1980}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds255863} } @book{fds255864, Author = {George, L and Palmore, E and Burchett, B and Fillenbaum, GG and Wallman, L}, Title = {Retirement: Causes and Consequences}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds255864} } @book{fds255862, Author = {George, LK and Bearon, LB}, Title = {Quality of Life in Older Persons: Meaning and Measurement}, Publisher = {New York: Human Sciences Press}, Year = {1980}, Key = {fds255862} } @book{fds255861, Author = {Houpt, JL and Orleans, CS and George, LK and Brodie, HKH}, Title = {The Importance of Mental Health Services for General Health Care}, Publisher = {Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Press}, Year = {1979}, Key = {fds255861} } @book{fds395, Author = {Atchley, R.C. and George, L.K. Symptomatic Measures of Age}, Title = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {13}, Pages = {332-336}, Year = {1973}, Key = {fds395} } %% Papers Published @article{fds346646, Author = {Zheng, H and George, LK}, Title = {Does Medical Expansion Improve Population Health?}, Journal = {Journal of health and social behavior}, Volume = {59}, Number = {1}, Pages = {113-132}, Year = {2018}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146518754534}, Abstract = {Medical expansion has become a prominent dynamic in today's societies as the biomedical model becomes increasingly dominant in the explanation of health, illness, and other human problems and behavior. Medical expansion is multidimensional and represented by expansions in three major components of the healthcare system: increasing medical investment, medical professionalization/specialization, and the relative size of the pharmaceutical industry. Using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development health data and World Development Indicators 1981 to 2007, we find medical investment and medical professionalization/specialization significantly improve all three measures of life expectancy and decrease mortality rate even after controlling for endogeneity problems. In contrast, an expanded pharmaceutical industry is negatively associated with female life expectancy at age 65 and positively associated with the all-cause mortality rate. It further compromises the beneficial effect of medical professionalization/specialization on population health. In general, medical professionalization/specialization and gross domestic product per capita have similar and stronger effects than medical investment.}, Doi = {10.1177/0022146518754534}, Key = {fds346646} } @article{fds346649, Author = {Horne, AJ and Chiew, KS and Zhuang, J and George, LK and Adcock, RA and Potter, GG and Lad, EM and Cousins, SW and Lin, FR and Mamo, SK and Chen, N-K and Maciejewski, AJ and Duong Fernandez and X and Whitson, HE}, Title = {Relating Sensory, Cognitive, and Neural Factors to Older Persons' Perceptions about Happiness: An Exploratory Study.}, Journal = {J Aging Res}, Volume = {2018}, Pages = {4930385}, Year = {2018}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4930385}, Abstract = {Despite increased rates of disease, disability, and social losses with aging, seniors consistently report higher levels of subjective well-being (SWB), a construct closely related to happiness, than younger adults. In this exploratory study, we utilized an available dataset to investigate how aspects of health commonly deteriorating with age, including sensory (i.e., vision and hearing) and cognitive status, relate to variability in self-described contributors to happiness. Community-dwelling seniors (n = 114) responded to a single-item prompt: "name things that make people happy." 1731 responses were categorized into 13 domains of SWB via structured content analysis. Sensory health and cognition were assessed by Snellen visual acuity, pure-tone audiometry, and in-person administration of the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) battery. A subset of eligible participants (n = 57) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess resting state functional connectivity (FC) within a previously described dopaminergic network associated with reward processing. SWB response patterns were relatively stable across gender, sensory status, and cognitive performance with few exceptions. For example, hearing-impaired participants listed fewer determinants of SWB (13.59 vs. 17.16; p < 0.001) and were less likely to name things in the "special events" category. Participants with a higher proportion of responses in the "accomplishments" domain (e.g., winning, getting good grades) demonstrated increased FC between the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, regions implicated in reward and motivated behavior. While the framework for determinants of happiness among seniors was largely stable across the factors assessed here, our findings suggest that subtle changes in this construct may be linked to sensory loss. The possibility that perceptions about determinants of happiness might relate to differences in intrinsic connectivity within reward-related brain networks also warrants further investigation.}, Doi = {10.1155/2018/4930385}, Key = {fds346649} } @article{fds346650, Author = {Brasher, MS and George, LK and Shi, X and Yin, Z and Zeng, Y}, Title = {Incorporating biomarkers into the study of socio-economic status and health among older adults in China.}, Journal = {SSM Popul Health}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {577-585}, Year = {2017}, Month = {December}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.07.003}, Abstract = {The social gradient in health - that individuals with lower SES have worse health than those with higher SES- is welldocumented using self-reports of health in more developed countries. Less is known about the relationship between SES and health biomarkers among older adults residing in less developed countries. We use data from the ChineseLongitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) longevity areas sub-sample to examine the social gradient in healthamong rural young-old and oldest-old adults (N=2,121). Our health indicators include individual biomarkers, metabolic syndrome, and self-reports of health. We found a largely positive relationship between SES and health. SES was more consistently associated with individual biomarkers among the oldest-old than the young-old, providing evidence for cumulative disadvantage. We discuss the implications of our findings for older adults who have lived through different social, economic, and health regimes.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.07.003}, Key = {fds346650} } @article{fds255651, Author = {George, LK and Fu, Q}, Title = {Socioeconomic Determinants of Childhood Overweight in China: The Long Arm of Institutional Power}, Journal = {Sociology of Health and Illness}, Volume = {37}, Number = {6}, Pages = {805-822}, Year = {2015}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0141-9889}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12234}, Abstract = {Previous studies have widely reported that the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and childhood overweight and obesity in China is significant and positive, which lends little support to the fundamental-cause perspective. Using multiple waves (1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (N = 2,556, 2,063, 1,431 and 1,242, respectively) and continuous BMI cut-points obtained from a polynomial method, (mixed-effect) logistic regression analyses show that parental state-sector employment, an important, yet overlooked, indicator of political power during the market transformation has changed from a risk factor for childhood overweight/obesity in 1997 to a protective factor for childhood overweight/obesity in 2006. Results from quantile regression analyses generate the same conclusions and demonstrate that the protective effect of parental state sector employment at high percentiles of BMI is robust under different estimation strategies. By bridging the fundamental causes perspective and theories of market transformation, this research not only documents the effect of political power on childhood overweight/obesity but also calls for the use of multifaceted, culturally-relevant stratification measures in testing the fundamental cause perspective across time and space.}, Doi = {10.1111/1467-9566.12234}, Key = {fds255651} } @article{fds255777, Author = {Dupre, ME and George, LK and Liu, G and Peterson, ED}, Title = {Association between divorce and risks for acute myocardial infarction.}, Journal = {Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes}, Volume = {8}, Number = {3}, Pages = {244-251}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001291}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Divorce is a major life stressor that can have economic, emotional, and physical health consequences. However, the cumulative association between divorce and risks for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown. This study investigated the association between lifetime exposure to divorce and the incidence of AMI in US adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used nationally representative data from a prospective cohort of ever-married adults aged 45 to 80 years (n=15,827) who were followed biennially from 1992 to 2010. Approximately 14% of men and 19% of women were divorced at baseline and more than one third of the cohort had ≥1 divorce in their lifetime. In 200,524 person-years of follow-up, 8% (n=1211) of the cohort had an AMI and age-specific rates of AMI were consistently higher in those who were divorced compared with those who were continuously married (P<0.05). Results from competing-risk hazard models showed that AMI risks were significantly higher in women who had 1 divorce (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.55), ≥2 divorces (hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.41), and among the remarried (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.70) compared with continuously married women after adjusting for multiple risk factors. Multivariable-adjusted risks were elevated only in men with a history of ≥2 divorces (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.66) compared with continuously married men. Men who remarried had no significant risk for AMI. Interaction terms for sex were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Divorce is a significant risk factor for AMI. The risks associated with multiple divorces are especially high in women and are not reduced with remarriage.}, Doi = {10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001291}, Key = {fds255777} } @article{fds255650, Author = {George, LK and Fu, Q}, Title = {Sex, Socioeconomic and Regional Disparities in Age Trajectories of BMI across Childhood and Their Implications for Underweight and Overweight in China}, Journal = {Asian Population Studies}, Volume = {11}, Number = {2}, Pages = {134-148}, Publisher = {Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles}, Year = {2015}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1744-1730}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2015.1038873}, Abstract = {Using a longitudinal dataset from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), growth curve models were employed to examine age trajectories of BMI for 1,694 subjects who were aged 2-11 in 1993 and followed in four waves (1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006). Based on age- and sex-specific BMI cut-points recommended for international use, the prevalence rates of overweight and underweight in the transition from childhood to adulthood (age 6-18) were also predicted. Sex, family income, rural-urban residency and geographical location were found to be significantly associated with the onsets, slopes, and acceleration of age trajectories in BMI, overweight, and underweight (P<0.01). Children who had lower prevalence of underweight in the transition from childhood to adulthood exhibited higher prevalence of overweight than their counterparts did. Moreover, the age interval during which children were more vulnerable to an increase in underweight was different from that for overweight. There were substantial regional disparities in the age trajectories of childhood overweight and underweight. Whereas the analyses suggest that the dual burden of nutritional problems (the coexistence of overweight and underweight) in China is more like two sides of a coin than two separate health issues, the critical age period for intervening in childhood overweight is different from that of childhood underweight. Geographical indicators of childhood obesity in China deserve further attention.}, Doi = {10.1080/17441730.2015.1038873}, Key = {fds255650} } @article{fds255780, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Taking time seriously: a call to action in mental health research.}, Journal = {Journal of health and social behavior}, Volume = {55}, Number = {3}, Pages = {251-264}, Year = {2014}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0022-1465}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146514542434}, Abstract = {Sociological research on mental health focuses on a multitude of dynamic processes, including changes in psychological symptoms or the onset of a mental disorder, the course and outcome of mental health problems, and the associations of mental health with a wide variety of time-varying social risk and protective factors. I argue that scholars studying mental health have, thus far, only scratched the surface of the temporal dynamics upon which mental health and illness rest. Two broad research issues are reviewed to illustrate important temporal issues that have been neglected or understudied in mental health research: (1) specific dimensions of temporality, which focus on dynamic processes at the individual level, and (2) the age-period-cohort model, which focuses on mental health at the population level. Priority topics for future research that takes time seriously are recommended.}, Doi = {10.1177/0022146514542434}, Key = {fds255780} } @article{fds255781, Author = {George, LK and Hu, L and Sloan, FA}, Title = {The effects of total knee arthroplasty on physical functioning and health among the under age 65 population.}, Journal = {Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research}, Volume = {17}, Number = {5}, Pages = {605-610}, Year = {2014}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {1098-3015}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.04.004}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examined the effects of total knee arthroplasty on six measures of physical functioning, self-rated health, pain, earnings, and employment status among US adults aged 51 to 63 years at baseline.<h4>Methods</h4>Data came from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study conducted biannually. The analysis sample consisted of individuals aged 51 to 63 years at baseline with arthritis who were resurveyed at 2-year intervals from 1996 to 2010. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of persons receiving total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with those of matched controls. Six measures of physical functioning were examined: lower-body mobility problems, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, activities of daily living limitations, and large muscle, fine motor, and gross motor limitations. Self-rated health and pain were also examined. The two employment-related outcomes were earnings and employment status.<h4>Results</h4>Receipt of TKA was associated with better outcomes for several measures of physical functioning, especially mobility limitations, pain, and self-rated health. Receipt of TKA was not associated with increased earnings or employment.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Receipt of TKA yields important improvements in physical function among persons with an arthritis diagnosis who received the procedure before reaching the age of 65 years. This study contributes to knowledge about the benefits of TKA in a community setting among nonelderly recipients of TKA.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2014.04.004}, Key = {fds255781} } @article{fds255782, Author = {Hybels, CF and George, LK and Blazer, DG and Pieper, CF and Cohen, HJ and Koenig, HG}, Title = {Inflammation and Coagulation as Mediators in the Relationships Between Religious Attendance and Functional Limitations in Older Adults.}, Journal = {J Aging Health}, Volume = {26}, Number = {4}, Pages = {679-697}, Year = {2014}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0898-2643}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314527479}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine inflammation and coagulation, which are positively linked to disability and inversely linked to increased religious attendance, as mediators in the cross-sectional relationships between religious attendance and functional status. METHOD: Frequency of attendance and limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities (IADLs), and mobility were assessed in 1,423 elders. RESULTS: More frequent attendance was associated with fewer ADL, IADL, and mobility limitations, and with lower levels of inflammation and coagulation including interleukin-6, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, and D-dimer. Inflammation and coagulation partially mediated the associations between attendance and function. Eight percent of the effect of attendance on ADL (p = .014), 5% of the effect on IADL (p = .003), and 8% of the effect on mobility (p = .001) limitations were due to inflammation and coagulation. DISCUSSION: Relationships between attendance and function may be due in part to lower levels of inflammation and coagulation among elders who attend services.}, Doi = {10.1177/0898264314527479}, Key = {fds255782} } @article{fds255880, Author = {George, LK and Palmore, E and Cohen, HJ}, Title = {The Duke Center for the Study of Aging: one of our earliest roots.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {54}, Number = {1}, Pages = {59-66}, Year = {2014}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23733867}, Abstract = {The Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development (Duke CFA) was established by a multidisciplinary group of visionary scientists in 1955. It is the oldest continually operating center or institute dedicated to aging in the United States. This article outlines the origins of the Duke CFA and summarizes the major research initiatives conducted in its early years. The primary focus is on these landmark studies and their legacies. Those studies made important initial contributions to the knowledge base, introduced measurement tools and research designs that became standards in the field, and served as the impetus for later and current research. The hallmarks of these studies are their multidisciplinary foundations and their focus on the health and well-being of older adults. The Duke CFA's current research clearly builds upon the goals, insights, and empirical results of previous research initiatives. Although aging research is and has been the bedrock of the Duke CFA, developing services responsive to the needs of older adults and multidisciplinary training have also been hallmarks of the Duke CFA. Duke's Geriatric Evaluation and Treatment Clinic was established in 1974 and remains a national model for geriatric assessment. Our postdoctoral research training program has graduated more than 200 scholars and our Geriatric Fellowship program has graduated 113 geriatricians. Many of our graduates have exemplary careers in aging, contributing to important research advances, providing care to thousands of older adults, serving as leaders in the field, and training new generations of gerontologists and geriatricians.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/gnt049}, Key = {fds255880} } @article{fds255783, Author = {Sloan, FA and George, LK and Hu, L}, Title = {Productivity improvements in hip and knee surgery.}, Journal = {Arthritis}, Volume = {2014}, Pages = {615784}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {2090-1984}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/615784}, Abstract = {Productivity improvements that occur as technologies become widely used are not well documented. This study measured secular trends over 1998-2010 in productivity of hip and knee procedures gauged in terms of changes in physical function and pain after versus before surgery. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study. Health outcomes from surgery were measured by 6 physical functioning scales and 2 pain indicators. We used propensity score matching to obtain nonsurgery control groups. Not only were there substantial improvements in physical functioning and pain reduction after receipt of these procedures in all years, but also we documented improvements in health outcomes over time. Largest improvements were for reductions in numbers of Activity and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living limitations for knee procedures.}, Doi = {10.1155/2014/615784}, Key = {fds255783} } @article{fds346654, Author = {George, LK and Gold, DT}, Title = {Life course perspectives on intergenerational and generational connections}, Volume = {16}, Pages = {67-88}, Year = {2014}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315059303}, Abstract = {Life course perspectives are recent additions to the conceptual armamentarium of the social sciences. Nonetheless, they already have demonstrated their value for understanding temporal aspects of life patterns. At the individual level, life course perspectives have proven to be especially important in highlighting the ways that events and decisions that occur earlier in life can have persistent effects on the structure and quality of life at later points in time. At the macro, population-based level, life course perspectives have been useful in highlighting the ways in whichsocial change generates different patterns of social structure and personal biography across cohorts.}, Doi = {10.4324/9781315059303}, Key = {fds346654} } @article{fds255881, Author = {George, LK and Kinghorn, WA and Koenig, HG and Gammon, P and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Why gerontologists should care about empirical research on religion and health: transdisciplinary perspectives.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {53}, Number = {6}, Pages = {898-906}, Year = {2013}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23442382}, Abstract = {A large volume of empirical research has accumulated on the relationship between religion/spirituality (R/S) and health since the year 2000, much of it involving older adults. The purpose of this article is to discuss how this body of existing research findings has important messages or important new insights for gerontologists; clinicians in medicine, psychiatry, and psychology; sociologists; and theologians. In other words, what contributions do the research findings on R/S and health make to these disciplines? In this article, experts from each of the aforementioned disciplines discuss what contributions this research can make to their own area of study and expertise. Besides emphasizing the broad relevance of research on R/S and health to many clinical and academic audiences in gerontology (i.e., addressing the "so what" question), this discussion provides clues about where R/S research might focus on in the future.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/gnt002}, Key = {fds255881} } @article{fds255879, Author = {Sloan, FA and George, LK and Hu, L}, Title = {Longer term effects of total knee arthroplasty from a national longitudinal study.}, Journal = {Journal of aging and health}, Volume = {25}, Number = {6}, Pages = {982-997}, Year = {2013}, Month = {September}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23872821}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>This study used data for 1996-2010 from a U.S. longitudinal sample of elderly individuals from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) merged with Medicare claims data to assess changes in several dimensions of physical functioning and general health up to 68 months following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) receipt.<h4>Method</h4>Using propensity score matching, we assessed outcomes at follow-up for Medicare beneficiaries receiving TKA and a comparable group of beneficiaries with the same osteoarthritis diagnoses (controls).<h4>Results</h4>Receipt of TKA was most often associated with improvements in physical functioning, especially in physical functioning measures most directly related to the knee. General health of TKA recipients only improved relative to controls on 1 of the 3 study general health measures.<h4>Discussion</h4>Improvements in physical functioning of TKA recipients persisted in this longer term analysis of outcome in a nationally representative population study.}, Doi = {10.1177/0898264313494799}, Key = {fds255879} } @article{fds255776, Author = {Whittington, FJ and Palmore, EB}, Title = {You've Come a Long Way, Sociology}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {53}, Number = {4}, Pages = {703-705}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2013}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt060}, Abstract = {These are all very crucial lessons for sociologists of aging. On the other hand, so much attention to the life course could also threaten the sociology of aging. As attention to the life course seems certain to grow exponentially in the years ahead, ...}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/gnt060}, Key = {fds255776} } @article{fds255943, Author = {Sloan, FA and George, LK and Hu, L}, Title = {Emergency room and inpatient use after cardiac pacemaker implantation.}, Journal = {The American journal of cardiology}, Volume = {111}, Number = {4}, Pages = {563-568}, Year = {2013}, Month = {February}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211359}, Abstract = {Although studies have demonstrated health benefits, there is limited evidence on utilization and cost changes associated with cardiac pacemaker implantation from national community samples. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in emergency room (ER) and hospital inpatient use and in Medicare payments per beneficiary/year after pacemaker implantation. Outcomes for pacemaker recipients after and before implantation and between pacemaker recipients and controls were compared using propensity score matching. Data came from Health and Retirement Study interviews merged with Medicare claims. Sample subjects were aged ≥68 years with diagnosed conduction disorders or cardiac dysrhythmias in the previous 3 years. Outcome measures were (1) ER visits, inpatient admissions and days, and Medicare payments for ER and inpatient care in the after period for the pacemaker versus control groups, defined per beneficiary/year, (2) difference in differences in the same 5 outcome variables, and (3) binary variables for whether or not utilization or payments were lower in the after versus before periods for the pacemaker versus control groups. In conclusion, most pacemaker recipients improved, as measured by reductions in use and payments in the after versus before period, and there were reductions in ER visits and hospital admissions for conditions commonly leading to pacemaker implantation.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.10.043}, Key = {fds255943} } @article{fds255652, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Matching Corporate Interests with Older Adults’ Needs: A Case Study}, Journal = {Public Policy & Aging Report}, Number = {23}, Pages = {23-26}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds255652} } @article{fds255884, Author = {Dupre, ME and George, LK and Liu, G and Peterson, ED}, Title = {The cumulative effect of unemployment on risks for acute myocardial infarction.}, Journal = {Arch Intern Med}, Volume = {172}, Number = {22}, Pages = {1731-1737}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23401888}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Employment instability is a major source of strain affecting an increasing number of adults in the United States. Little is known about the cumulative effect of multiple job losses and unemployment on the risks for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: We investigated the associations between different dimensions of unemployment and the risks for AMI in US adults in a prospective cohort study of adults (N = 13,451) aged 51 to 75 years in the Health and Retirement Study with biennial follow-up interviews from 1992 to 2010. Unadjusted rates of age-specific AMI were used to demonstrate observed differences by employment status, cumulative number of job losses, and cumulative time unemployed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the multivariate effects of cumulative work histories on AMI while adjusting for sociodemographic background and confounding risk factors. RESULTS: The median age of the study cohort was 62 years, and 1061 AMI events (7.9%) occurred during the 165,169 person-years of observation. Among the sample, 14.0% of subjects were unemployed at baseline, 69.7% had 1 or more cumulative job losses, and 35.1% had spent time unemployed. Unadjusted plots showed that age-specific rates of AMI differed significantly for each dimension of work history. Multivariate models showed that AMI risks were significantly higher among the unemployed (hazard ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.10-1.66]) and that risks increased incrementally from 1 job loss (1.22 [1.04-1.42]) to 4 or more cumulative job losses (1.63 [1.29-2.07]) compared with no job loss. Risks for AMI were particularly elevated within the first year of unemployment (hazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.01-1.60]) but not thereafter. Results were robust after adjustments for multiple clinical, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Unemployment status, multiple job losses, and short periods without work are all significant risk factors for acute cardiovascular events.}, Doi = {10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.447}, Key = {fds255884} } @article{fds255882, Author = {Zheng, H and George, LK}, Title = {Rising U.S. income inequality and the changing gradient of socioeconomic status on physical functioning and activity limitations, 1984-2007.}, Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)}, Volume = {75}, Number = {12}, Pages = {2170-2182}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0277-9536}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000312757800016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {This study examines the interactive contextual effect of income inequality on health. Specifically, we hypothesize that income inequality will moderate the relationships between individual-level risk factors and health. Using National Health Interview Survey data 1984-2007 (n = 607,959) and U.S. Census data, this paper estimates the effect of the dramatic increase in income inequality in the U.S. over the past two decades on the gradient of socioeconomic status on two measures of health (i.e., physical functioning and activity limitations). Results indicate that increasing income inequality strengthens the protective effects of family income, employment, college education, and marriage on these two measures of health. In contrast, high school education's protective effect (relative to less than a high school education) weakens in the context of increasing income inequality. In addition, we find that increasing income inequality exacerbates men's disadvantages in physical functioning and activity limitations. These findings shed light on research about growing health disparities in the U.S. in the last several decades.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.014}, Key = {fds255882} } @article{fds255883, Author = {George, LK and Whittington, FJ}, Title = {Well-being of the Oldest Old: An Oxymoron? No!}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {52}, Number = {6}, Pages = {871-875}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {2012}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000311306400013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/gns133}, Key = {fds255883} } @article{fds255945, Author = {Hybels, CF and Blazer, DG and George, LK and Koenig, HG}, Title = {The complex association between religious activities and functional limitations in older adults.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {52}, Number = {5}, Pages = {676-685}, Year = {2012}, Month = {October}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403163}, Abstract = {PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To examine the longitudinal associations between 3 dimensions of religious involvement-religious attendance, use of religious media, and private religious activities-and 3 domains of functional status-limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mobility in older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the data from a survey of 2,924 adults aged 65+, with self-reported religious involvement and functional status collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 10 years postbaseline, we used repeated measures mixed models to predict functional change by religious status at the prior interview. RESULTS: Increased religious attendance was associated with fewer ADL, IADL, and mobility limitations 3-4 years later, controlling for demographic, health, and social variables as well as prior functional status. Neither use of religious media nor private religious activities was associated with functional change in controlled analyses. Use of religious media, however, was associated with developing more IADL and mobility limitations in uncontrolled analysis, suggesting a potential indirect association. IMPLICATIONS: Religious attendance may protect against decline in functional limitations in older adults. Clinicians may wish to consider the importance of attendance at services in preventing disability for those patients for whom religious involvement is important. Gerontologists may wish to include religious participation in their conceptual framework outlining risk factors for functional decline.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/gnr156}, Key = {fds255945} } @article{fds255942, Author = {Sautter, JM and Thomas, PA and Dupre, ME and George, LK}, Title = {Socioeconomic status and the Black-White mortality crossover.}, Journal = {Am J Public Health}, Volume = {102}, Number = {8}, Pages = {1566-1571}, Year = {2012}, Month = {August}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698043}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We investigated associations among age, race, socioeconomic status (SES), and mortality in older persons and whether low SES contributes to the Black-White mortality crossover (when elevated age-specific mortality rates invert). METHODS: We used panel data from the North Carolina Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly to test the main and interactive effects of SES on mortality. RESULTS: Discrete-time hazard models showed that the association between low education and mortality did not vary by race or age and was only significant for men. For women, the effect of low income diminished with age and had little impact on the crossover. For men, low income varied by race and age, altering the Black-White crossover and producing low-high income crossovers at advanced ages. CONCLUSIONS: Low education and income were associated with increased mortality risk for older adults, but only low income had a differential impact on the Black-White mortality crossover. A primary route to reducing mortality differentials in later life is to prevent the disproportionate selective mortality of Blacks and the poor earlier in the life course.}, Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2011.300518}, Key = {fds255942} } @article{fds255914, Author = {Chen, X and Zhang, Z-X and George, LK and Wang, Z-S and Fan, Z-J and Xu, T and Zhou, X-L and Han, S-M and Wen, H-B and Zeng, Y}, Title = {Birth measurements, family history, and environmental factors associated with later-life hypertensive status.}, Journal = {Am J Hypertens}, Volume = {25}, Number = {4}, Pages = {464-471}, Year = {2012}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0895-7061}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2011.262}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: This birth cohort study was conducted to investigate the contribution of prenatal and antenatal environmental exposures to later-life hypertensive status. METHODS: Two thousand five hundred and three individuals born in 1921-1954 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were targeted; 2,081 (83.1%) participated. Clinical examinations included an interview, blood pressure (BP) measurements, and laboratory assays. Statistical analyses were performed using ordinal regression models with later-life hypertensive status as the dependent variable. Similar analyses were for subpopulations divided by family history of hypertension. RESULTS: In the 2,081 subjects, 449 were normotensive, 531 were prehypertensive, and 1,101 had hypertension. Three hundred and forty two hypertensive patients were classified as high-risk (BP ≥180/110 mm Hg, or accompanied with diabetes or three well-established cardiovascular risk factors); the other 759 patients were at mid-to-low risks. Lower birth weight (<2,500 g: odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, P = 0.02; 2,500- <3,000 g: OR = 1.64, P < 0.01; 3,000- <3,500 g, OR = 1.40, P = 0.01), family history of hypertension (OR = 1.73, P < 0.01), poor education (OR = 1.76, P < 0.01), and alcoholism (OR = 3.05, P < 0.01) significantly predicted later-life high-risk hypertension. For participants with hypertensive family history (57.7%), the association with birth weight became nonsignificant, but poor education (OR = 2.33, P < 0.01) and alcoholism (OR = 3.10, P = 0.01) remained important. For participants without hypertensive family history (42.3%), the effects of lower birth weight (<2,500 g: OR = 2.26, P = 0.02; 2,500- <3,000 g: OR = 1.91, P = 0.01; 3,000- <3,500 g, OR = 1.78, P = 0.01) and alcoholism (OR = 3.23, P < 0.01) remained significant. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, low education, alcoholism, and hypertensive family history are linked to later-life hypertensive status. Low birth weight is also partly associated with one's genetic background; whereas the association with education and alcoholism are independent from hypertensive family history.}, Doi = {10.1038/ajh.2011.262}, Key = {fds255914} } @article{fds255891, Author = {Dupre, ME and George, LK}, Title = {Exceptions to the rule: Exceptional health among the disadvantaged}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Volume = {33}, Number = {2}, Pages = {115-144}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0164-0275}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027510391988}, Abstract = {Countless studies show that socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly related to morbidity and mortality. However, few studies consider the substantial variability in health within socioeconomic strata. In this article, the authors examine the incompatibility between stratification-based theories of health inequality and empirical patterns of exceptional health among the socially disadvantaged. Using panel data from the Health and Retirement Survey (1992-2008), the authors test the mediating and moderating effects of various predictors of exceptional health (no chronic diseases or physical limitations) for middle-aged and older adults with and without a high school education. Results suggest that a combination of demographic characteristics, family and religious factors, socioeconomic resources, health behaviors, psychological makeup, and biological attributes play differing roles in protecting the health of disadvantaged men and women. The findings underscore the complex associations among SES, protective mechanisms, and health and offer new insight into how disadvantaged adults defy their odds of poor health. © 2011 The Author(s).}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027510391988}, Key = {fds255891} } @article{fds255941, Author = {Zeng, Y and Gu, D and George, LK}, Title = {Association of Religious Participation With Mortality Among Chinese Old Adults.}, Journal = {Res Aging}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {51-83}, Year = {2011}, Month = {January}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22448080}, Abstract = {This research examines the association of religious participation with mortality using a longitudinal data set collected from 9,017 oldest-old aged 85+ and 6,956 younger elders aged 65 to 84 in China in 2002 and 2005 and hazard models. Results show that adjusted for demographics, family/social support, and health practices, risk of dying was 24% (p < 0.001) and 12% (p < 0.01) lower among frequent and infrequent religious participants than among nonparticipants for all elders aged 65+. After baseline health was adjusted, the corresponding risk of dying declined to 21% (p < 0.001) and 6% (not significant), respectively. The authors also conducted hazard models analysis for men versus women and for young-old versus oldest-old, respectively, adjusted for single-year age; the authors found that gender differentials of association of religious participation with mortality among all elderly aged 65+ were not significant; association among young-old men was significantly stronger than among oldest-old men, but no such significant young-old versus oldest-old differentials in women were found.}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027510383584}, Key = {fds255941} } @article{fds255944, Author = {Blazer, DG and Cohen, HJ and George, LK and Koenig, HG and Verhey, A}, Title = {Why John wasn't healed by prayer: perspectives across disciplines.}, Journal = {Int J Psychiatry Med}, Volume = {42}, Number = {4}, Pages = {377-391}, Year = {2011}, ISSN = {0091-2174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530400}, Abstract = {Patients and family members often turn to prayer in response to serious, life-threatening illness. Prayer for a miraculous cure is often the request. While prayer can keep hope alive, it may also promote unrealistic expectations that fuel demands for life-preserving technology in medically futile situations. Furthermore, if prayer does not achieve the desired results, then disappointment and disillusionment may follow and make the coping process even more difficult. We present here a case of a seriously ill man whose family and faith community prayed for his healing. John, however, was not healed. A medical internist, two psychiatrists, a sociologist, and a theologian discuss their perspectives on the apparent failure of prayer to heal John. This cross-disciplinary discussion reveals insights that we believe physicians can use when confronting such issues with patients.}, Doi = {10.2190/PM.42.4.d}, Key = {fds255944} } @article{fds255940, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life.}, Journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences}, Volume = {65B}, Number = {3}, Pages = {331-339}, Year = {2010}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20233742}, Abstract = {<h4>Unlabelled</h4>OBJECTIVES. Understanding the factors that promote quality of life in old age has been a staple of social gerontology since its inception and remains a significant theme in aging research. The purpose of this article was to review the state of the science with regard to subjective well-being (SWB) in later life and to identify promising directions for future research.<h4>Methods</h4>This article is based on a review of literature on SWB in aging, sociological, and psychological journals. Although the materials reviewed date back to the early 1960s, the emphasis is on publications in the past decade.<h4>Results</h4>Research to date paints an effective portrait of the epidemiology of SWB in late life and the factors associated with it. Although the research base is large, causal inferences about the determinants of SWB remain problematic. Two recent contributions to the research base are highlighted as emerging issues: studies of secular trends in SWB and cross-national studies. Discussion. The review ends with discussion of priority issues for future research.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbq006}, Key = {fds255940} } @article{fds255964, Author = {Steinhauser, KE and Alexander, SC and Byock, IR and George, LK and Tulsky, JA}, Title = {Seriously ill patients' discussions of preparation and life completion: an intervention to assist with transition at the end of life.}, Journal = {Palliat Support Care}, Volume = {7}, Number = {4}, Pages = {393-404}, Year = {2009}, Month = {December}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19939302}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Patients approaching the end of life not only face challenges to physical well-being but also threats to emotional and spiritual integrity. Yet, identifying appropriate, effective, and brief interventions to address those concerns has proven elusive. We developed an intervention based on life review and emotional disclosure literatures and conducted a pilot study to determine feasibility and acceptability. This article presents qualitative intervention responses. METHOD: We conducted a three-armed randomized control trial to evaluate the effects of preparation and life completion discussion on health outcomes in patients with advanced serious illness. Hospice-eligible subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) intervention (life completion discussion intervention), (2) attention control (relaxation meditation), and control (no intervention). Subjects in the intervention arm met with a facilitator three times. Session 1 focused on life story, Session 2 on forgiveness, and Session 3, on heritage and legacy. RESULTS: Eighteen subjects participated in the pilot intervention interviews. Subjects from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds completed the intervention with equal facility. Results from Session 1 demonstrate narrative responses participants gave as they reconnected with previous life roles, values, and accomplishments. The second session illustrated reflections of choices one might have made differently and exploration of forgiveness offered and sought. Content from the first and second sessions laid the foundation for discussing Session 3's lessons learned and heritage and legacy. Responses are summarized to assist clinicians in anticipating life review content that may improve overall quality of life at the end of life. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Discussions of life completion may improve important health outcomes for patients at the end of life. This intervention may provide a brief, standardized, and transportable means for improving the quality of life of patients with advanced serious illness.}, Doi = {10.1017/S147895150999040X}, Key = {fds255964} } @article{fds255963, Author = {Steinhauser, KE and Alexander, SC and Byock, IR and George, LK and Olsen, MK and Tulsky, JA}, Title = {Do preparation and life completion discussions improve functioning and quality of life in seriously ill patients? Pilot randomized control trial.}, Journal = {J Palliat Med}, Volume = {11}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1234-1240}, Year = {2008}, Month = {November}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19021487}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Significant palliative care intervention has focused on physical pain and symptom control; yet less empirical evidence supports efforts to address the psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of experience. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an intervention (Outlook) that promotes discussions of end-of-life preparation and completion on health outcomes in dying persons, including pain and symptoms, physical function, emotional function (anxiety and depression), spiritual well-being, and quality of life at the end of life. DESIGN: A three-arm pilot randomized control trial. Subjects were recruited from inpatient and outpatient hospital, palliative care, and hospice settings. Intervention subjects met with a facilitator three times and discussed issues related to life review, forgiveness, and heritage and legacy. Attention control subjects met with a facilitator three times and listened to a nonguided relaxation CD. True control subjects received no intervention. MEASUREMENTS: Preoutcomes and postoutcomes included the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, QUAL-E, Rosow-Breslau ADL Scale, Profile of Mood States anxiety sub-scale, the CESD short version, and the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale. RESULTS: Eighty-two hospice eligible patients enrolled in the study; 38 were women, 35 were African American. Participants' primary diagnoses included cancer (48), heart disease (5) lung disease (10), and other (19) Ages ranged from 28-96. Participants in the active discussion intervention showed improvements in functional status, anxiety, depression, and preparation for end of life. CONCLUSIONS: The Outlook intervention was acceptable to patients from a variety of educational and ethnic backgrounds and offers a brief, manualized, intervention for emotional and spiritual concerns.}, Doi = {10.1089/jpm.2008.0078}, Key = {fds255963} } @article{fds255938, Author = {George, LK and Ruiz, D and Sloan, FA}, Title = {The effects of total knee arthroplasty on physical functioning in the older population.}, Journal = {Arthritis Rheum}, Volume = {58}, Number = {10}, Pages = {3166-3171}, Year = {2008}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0004-3591}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18821689}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Clinical research provides convincing evidence that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is safe and improves joint-specific outcomes. However, higher-level functioning associated with self care and independent living has not been studied. Furthermore, most previous studies of the effects of TKA relied on relatively small clinical samples. We undertook this study to estimate the effects of TKA on 3 levels of physical functioning in a national sample of older adults. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 1992 to 2003. Medicare claims data identified participants with osteoarthritis of the knee who received TKA (n=259) or no TKA (n=1,816). Propensity scores were used to match treatment and no-treatment groups according to demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and baseline functioning. Three levels of physical functioning were examined as outcomes of TKA. These levels were represented by items on the Nagi Disability Scale, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale. These items were measured after TKA and at comparable intervals for the no-treatment group. Average treatment effects were calculated for relevant Nagi Disability Scale, IADL Scale, and ADL Scale tasks. RESULTS: Between baseline and outcome assessments, TKA recipients improved on all 3 levels of physical functioning; the no-treatment group declined. Statistically significant average treatment effects for TKA were observed for one or more tasks for each measure of physical functioning. CONCLUSION: TKA is associated with sizeable improvements in 3 levels of physical functioning among elderly Medicare beneficiaries.}, Doi = {10.1002/art.23888}, Key = {fds255938} } @article{fds255937, Author = {George, LK and Ruiz, D and Sloan, FA}, Title = {The effects of total hip arthroplasty on physical functioning in the older population.}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {56}, Number = {6}, Pages = {1057-1062}, Year = {2008}, Month = {June}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18384581}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>To estimate the effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on three levels of physical functioning in a representative national sample of older adults.<h4>Design</h4>Survey.<h4>Setting</h4>Participants were interviewed in their homes.<h4>Participants</h4>Participants consisted of stratified random samples of Medicare beneficiaries interviewed between 1992 and 2003.<h4>Methods</h4>Data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 1992 to 2003 and merged Medicare claims data identified participants who received (n=131) or did not receive (n=257) THA. Outcomes were three measures of physical functioning: Nagi items, instrumental activities of daily living, and activities of daily living. Baseline and follow-up measures were obtained approximately 6 months apart. Logistic regression was used to predict the effects of THA on functioning, with a wide range of covariates controlled.<h4>Results</h4>Persons who received THA significantly improved in two of three levels of physical functioning; the no-treatment group experienced declines in physical functioning.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Receipt of THA is associated with significant improvements in two levels of physical functioning. These benefits are broadly applicable in that a wide variety of covariates had minimal effects on THA receipt and outcome.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01685.x}, Key = {fds255937} } @article{fds255962, Author = {Hastings, SN and George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG and Park, RS and Burchett, BM and Schmader, KE}, Title = {Does lack of social support lead to more ED visits for older adults?}, Journal = {Am J Emerg Med}, Volume = {26}, Number = {4}, Pages = {454-461}, Year = {2008}, Month = {May}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18410815}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to (1) determine whether level of social support and living situation predicted emergency department (ED) use among older adults and (2) identify correlates of ED visits according to whether the patient was admitted to the hospital. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a longitudinal, prospective study was conducted. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, subjects who lived alone were 60% more likely to visit the ED than those who lived solely with their spouse. Neither type nor level of social support as measured by the Duke Social Support Index predicted ED use. Indicators of poor physical health (prior hospitalization, poorer self-rated health, and functional disability) were predictors of ED visits that resulted in hospitalization; however, these were not significantly associated with outpatient ED visits. DISCUSSION: Older adults who live alone are more likely to visit the ED. Additional study is needed to understand the determinants of outpatient ED visits.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2007.07.005}, Key = {fds255962} } @article{fds255939, Author = {Son, J and Lin, N and George, LK}, Title = {Cross-national comparison of social support structures between Taiwan and the United States.}, Journal = {Journal of health and social behavior}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {104-118}, Year = {2008}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0022-1465}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18418988}, Abstract = {The study compares the effects of structural bases and functional elements of social support on mental health in Taiwan and the United States, using the study conducted in the United States by Lin, Ye, and Ensel (1999) as a reference. Based on a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese adults (n = 2,835), a fundamental similarity in social support structure and function between the two countries was observed. First, the structural bases of social support had a hierarchical order in their effects on depression: Binding (presence of an intimate relationship) was the strongest in reducing depression, whereas belonging (community participation) was the weakest, with bonding (social networks) in between. Regarding the functional elements, perceived social support was a better protector of mental health than actual social support, a finding in line with previous research. On the other hand, several notable differences in the structural bases and functional elements of social support between the two societies were observed, possibly due to the differential cultural and historical characteristics.}, Doi = {10.1177/002214650804900108}, Key = {fds255939} } @article{fds303918, Author = {Hastings, SN and George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG and Burchett, BM and Schmader, KS}, Title = {Does Lack of Social Support Lead to More Emergency Department Visits for Older Adults}, Journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine}, Volume = {26}, Pages = {454-461}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds303918} } @article{fds255965, Author = {Clarke, P and George, LK}, Title = {The role of the built environment in the disablement process.}, Journal = {American journal of public health}, Volume = {95}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1933-1939}, Year = {2005}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195520}, Abstract = {The Disablement Process model explicates the transition from health conditions to disability and specifically emphasizes the role of intervening factors that speed up or slow down the pathway between pathology and disability. We used hierarchical Poisson regression analyses with data on older adults from central North Carolina to examine the role of the built environment as a modifying factor in the pathway between lower extremity functional limitations and activities of daily living. We found that, despite declining physical function, older adults report greater independence in instrumental activities when they live in environments with more land-use diversity. Independence in self-care activities is modified by housing density, in part through the effect of substandard and inadequate housing.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2004.054494}, Key = {fds255965} } @article{fds255653, Author = {Hoenig, H and Landerman, LR and Shipp, KM and Pieper, C and Richardson, M and Pahel, N and George, L}, Title = {A clinical trial of a rehabilitation expert clinician versus usual care for providing manual wheelchairs.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {53}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1712-1720}, Year = {2005}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53502.x}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of differing methods of dispensing wheelchairs. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental by day of week. SETTING: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-four community-dwelling, cognitively intact patients prescribed a standard manual wheelchair. INTERVENTION: A multifactorial intervention consisting of an expert physical/occupational therapist who used a scripted evaluation that included an evaluation based on medical record review and self-reported and physical performance measures; individualization of the wheelchair and initiation of orders for additional occupational/physical therapy, equipment, or home modifications as needed; multimodal patient education; and telephone follow-up at 3 and 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was amount of wheelchair use. Secondary outcomes were shoulder pain, wheelchair comfort and confidence, and home modifications. RESULTS: The intervention group had significantly greater wheelchair use than usual care at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (P=.01). Wheelchair use declined monotonically over time for the entire study sample (P<.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in shoulder pain, wheelchair comfort or confidence, or home modifications. CONCLUSION: New wheelchair owners used the wheelchair more often if they received it from an expert therapist using a multifactorial intervention.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53502.x}, Key = {fds255653} } @article{fds255969, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socioeconomic status and health across the life course: progress and prospects.}, Journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, Volume = {60 Spec No 2}, Number = {special issue}, Pages = {135-139}, Year = {2005}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251585}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/60.special_issue_2.s135}, Key = {fds255969} } @article{fds255966, Author = {Yang, Y and George, LK}, Title = {Functional disability, disability transitions, and depressive symptoms in late life.}, Journal = {Journal of aging and health}, Volume = {17}, Number = {3}, Pages = {263-292}, Year = {2005}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0898-2643}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000229153600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>This article addresses how stable functional disability statuses and disability transitions are related to change in depressive symptoms in the elderly.<h4>Method</h4>The authors estimate longitudinal residual change models using two waves of data, 1986 and 1992, from the National Institute of Aging Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, Duke University.<h4>Results</h4>Both stable disability statuses and transitions in disability statuses are significantly related to change in depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale [CES D]). Stable disability statuses in strength and mobility, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) items and activities of daily living (ADL) items have increasing effects on increment in CES-D scores by the follow-up. The onset of disability has stronger effects on change in CES-D scores than recovery. These effects also differ by types of transitions in disability statuses.<h4>Discussion</h4>The authors discuss alternative interpretations of the findings and methodological concerns and also suggest avenues for future research.}, Doi = {10.1177/0898264305276295}, Key = {fds255966} } @article{fds255968, Author = {Steffens, DC and Pieper, CF and Bosworth, HB and MacFall, JR and Provenzale, JM and Payne, ME and Carroll, BJ and George, LK and Krishnan, KRR}, Title = {Biological and social predictors of long-term geriatric depression outcome.}, Journal = {Int Psychogeriatr}, Volume = {17}, Number = {1}, Pages = {41-56}, Year = {2005}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1041-6102}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15948303}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined 204 older depressed individuals for up to 64 months to determine factors related to depression outcome. We hypothesized that both presence of vascular brain lesions seen on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and lower baseline social support measures would be related to worse depression outcome. METHOD: At study entry, all subjects were at least 59 years old, had a diagnosis of major depression, and were free of other major psychiatric illness and primary neurological illness, including dementia and stroke. Depression was diagnosed via structured interview and clinical assessment by a geriatric psychiatrist who completed a Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to determine severity of depression. Subjects provided self-report data on social support variables and ability to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL, IADL). All subjects agreed to have a baseline standardized MRI brain scan. Ratings of severity of hyperintensities were determined for the periventricular white matter, deep white matter, and subcortical gray matter by two readers who decided by consensus. Treatment was provided by geropsychiatrists following clinical guidelines. Using mixed models to analyze the data, we determined the effect of a variety of demographic, social and imaging variables on the trajectory of MADRS score, the outcome variable of interest. RESULTS: MADRS scores decreased steadily over time. In a final HLM model, in which time since entry, a baseline time indicator, age, gender, education and Mini-mental State Examination score were controlled, subjective social support, instrumental ADL impairment, subcortical gray matter severity, and the interactions of time with social network and with subcortical gray matter lesions remained significantly associated with MADRS score. CONCLUSIONS: Both social and biological factors at baseline are associated with longitudinal depression severity in geriatric depression.}, Doi = {10.1017/s1041610205000979}, Key = {fds255968} } @article{fds255967, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Titus, P and Meador, KG}, Title = {Religion, spirituality, and acute care hospitalization and long-term care use by older patients.}, Journal = {Arch Intern Med}, Volume = {164}, Number = {14}, Pages = {1579-1585}, Year = {2004}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0003-9926}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15277293}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The impact of religion and spirituality on acute care hospitalization (ACH) and long-term care (LTC) in older patients before, during, and after ACH is not well known. METHODS: Patients 50 years or older consecutively admitted to the general medical service at Duke University Medical Center were interviewed shortly after admission (N = 811). Measures of religiosity were organized religious activity (ORA), nonorganizational religious activity (NORA), religiosity through religious radio and/or television (RTV), intrinsic religiosity, and self-rated religiousness. Measures of spirituality included self-rated spirituality and daily spiritual experiences (DSE). Primary outcome was number of ACH days during an average 21-month observation period. Secondary outcomes were times hospitalized and number of days spent in a nursing home or rehabilitation setting (collectively, long-term care: LTC). Race and sex interactions were examined. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analysis, ORA was the only religious variable related to fewer ACH days and fewer hospitalizations, an effect that is fully explained by physical health status and that disappeared when examined prospectively. The number of LTC days was inversely related to NORA, RTV, and DSE, effects that were partially explained by social support but not by severity of medical illness. Interactions with race and sex were notable but reached statistical significance only among African Americans and women. In those groups, religious and/or spiritual characteristics also predicted future LTC use independent of physical health and baseline LTC status. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships with ACH were weak, were confined to ORA only, and disappeared in prospective analyses. However, robust and persistent effects were documented for religiousness and/or spirituality in the use of LTC among African Americans and women.}, Doi = {10.1001/archinte.164.14.1579}, Key = {fds255967} } @article{fds346658, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Titus, P}, Title = {Religion, spirituality, and health in medically ill hospitalized older patients.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {52}, Number = {4}, Pages = {554-562}, Year = {2004}, Month = {April}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52161.x}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of religion and spirituality on social support, psychological functioning, and physical health in medically ill hospitalized older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Duke University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: A research nurse interviewed 838 consecutively admitted patients aged 50 and older to a general medical service. MEASUREMENTS: Measures of religion included organizational religious activity (ORA), nonorganizational religious activity, intrinsic religiosity (IR), self-rated religiousness, and observer-rated religiousness (ORR). Measures of spirituality were self-rated spirituality, observer-rated spirituality (ORS), and daily spiritual experiences. Social support, depressive symptoms, cognitive status, cooperativeness, and physical health (self-rated and observer-rated) were the dependent variables. Regression models controlled for age, sex, race, and education. RESULTS: Religiousness and spirituality consistently predicted greater social support, fewer depressive symptoms, better cognitive function, and greater cooperativeness (P<.01 to P<.0001). Relationships with physical health were weaker, although similar in direction. ORA predicted better physical functioning and observer-rated health and less-severe illness. IR tended to be associated with better physical functioning, and ORR and ORS with less-severe illness and less medical comorbidity (all P<.05). Patients categorizing themselves as neither spiritual nor religious tended to have worse self-rated and observer-rated health and greater medical comorbidity. In contrast, religious television or radio was associated with worse physical functioning and greater medical comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Religious activities, attitudes, and spiritual experiences are prevalent in older hospitalized patients and are associated with greater social support, better psychological health, and to some extent, better physical health. Awareness of these relationships may improve health care.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52161.x}, Key = {fds346658} } @article{fds30418, Author = {Koenig, H.G. and George, L.K. and Titus, P.}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and Health in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Adults}, Journal = {ournal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {52}, Pages = {554-562}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds30418} } @article{fds255859, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Titus, P}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and Health in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Adults}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {52}, Pages = {554-562}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds255859} } @article{fds255972, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Titus, P and Meador, KG}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and Health Service Use by Older Hospitalized Patients}, Journal = {Journal of Religion and Health}, Volume = {42}, Number = {4}, Pages = {301-314}, Year = {2003}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-4197}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025812726644}, Abstract = {Background: Religious and spiritual beliefs and practices are common among medical inpatients, and may impact length of hospital stay (LOS) and other health services (HSU) during hospitalization. Methods: 812 consecutively admitted patients age 50 or over to Duke University Medical Center were assessed. Measures of religiousness and spirituality included religious TV/ radio (RTV), self-rated religiousness (SRR), observer-rated spirituality (ORS), and daily spiritual experiences (DSE). The primary outcome was LOS. Results: RTV and SRR predicted longer LOS, whereas ORS and DSE predicted shorter LOS (p ≤ 0.05). Effects of RTV on LOS were stronger among women, but explained by worse health status. The effects of DSE on LOS were stronger among non-whites. Among those reporting high DSE, diagnostic tests and total procedures also tended to be less common. Conclusions: Religious activities, attitudes, and spiritual experiences are weak predictors of LOS and HSU during hospitalization. Whether the prediction is positive or negative depends on the religious or spiritual characteristic.}, Doi = {10.1023/A:1025812726644}, Key = {fds255972} } @article{fds255974, Author = {Benjamins, MR and Musick, MA and Gold, DT and George, LK}, Title = {Age-related declines in activity level: the relationship between chronic illness and religious activities.}, Journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, Volume = {58}, Number = {6}, Pages = {S377-S385}, Year = {2003}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14614127}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: When they are faced with major life transitions such as worsening health, older adults may selectively withdraw from activities. Because of the importance of religion to a large proportion of the elderly population, research is needed to determine whether levels of religious involvement are affected by serious health problems such as the onset of a chronic disease. METHODS: Multiple waves of data from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly were used to analyze the effects of five different chronic conditions on two religious activities: service attendance and religious media use. RESULTS: Findings show that broken hip, cancer, and stroke were significantly related to levels of religious attendance. Furthermore, the combined conditions also significantly predicted religious attendance, with more conditions being associated with lower attendance. Neither the individual or summed conditions were significantly related to religious media use. DISCUSSION: The study finds some evidence to support the idea that older adults withdraw from social activities such as religious involvement when faced with declining health. In contrast, levels of religious media use remain stable following the onset of one or more new chronic conditions.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/58.6.s377}, Key = {fds255974} } @article{fds255975, Author = {Hoenig, H and Landerman, LR and Shipp, KM and George, L}, Title = {Activity restriction among wheelchair users.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {51}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1244-1251}, Year = {2003}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12919236}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with activity restriction. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Patients prescribed a new wheelchair at one of two teaching hospitals (one Veterans Affairs and one private hospital). PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-three consecutive, community-dwelling wheelchair users, who had a Short Portable Mental Status Score greater than 6 out of 10 and could be interviewed within 7 to 21 days of receiving the wheelchair. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were self-reported nonmedical visits and medical visits in the preceding week (any vs no visits and the number of visits). Independent variables were self-reported sociodemographic and health characteristics, mobility limitations, and environmental barriers. RESULTS: Study subjects reported, on average, 1.79 mobility limitations, 11.17 hours out of bed, and 5.56 hours of personal assistance per day. Multivariate analyses show that higher income was the only significant sociodemographic factor; it was associated with more medical visits (beta=0.44, P<.01). Of health status characteristics, more comorbid conditions predicted fewer nonmedical visits (beta=-0.14, P<.10) and amputation was associated with fewer medical visits (beta-0.82, P<.05). Regarding mobility limitations, more mobility limitations was associated with lower odds of any nonmedical visit (odds ratio (OR)=0.71, P<.5) and fewer nonmedical visits (beta=-0.28, P<.05); more hours out of bed predicted more nonmedical visits (beta=0.05, P<.5) and lower odds any medical visit (OR=0.92, P<.05). More environmental barriers predicted fewer nonmedical (beta=-0.32, P<.01) or medical visits (beta=-0.21, P<.05). CONCLUSION: Mobility limitations and environmental barriers were associated with restricted participation in diverse activities outside the home.}, Doi = {10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51408.x}, Key = {fds255975} } @article{fds255976, Author = {George, LK and Lynch, SM}, Title = {Race differences in depressive symptoms: a dynamic perspective on stress exposure and vulnerability.}, Journal = {Journal of health and social behavior}, Volume = {44}, Number = {3}, Pages = {353-369}, Year = {2003}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0022-1465}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14582313}, Abstract = {The existence, nature, and strength of race differences in mental health remain unclear after several decades of research. In this research, we examine black-white differences in the relationship between acute stressors and depressive symptoms. We reframe the stress exposure and differential vulnerability hypotheses in the context of long-term trajectories of stress and depression, and we hypothesize that trajectories of stress growth will be associated with trajectories of depressive symptom growth. Using latent growth curve analysis of a sample of 1,972 older persons interviewed three times at three-year intervals, we test the hypotheses that (1) growth in exposure to loss-related events will predict growth in depressive symptoms, and (2) African Americans will experience greater stress growth than whites. Results support the hypotheses. Stress growth exhibited a linear increase for blacks but not for whites, and predicted depression growth for both races, but explained more variance for blacks than for whites.}, Key = {fds255976} } @article{fds255973, Author = {Idler, EL and Musick, MA and Ellison, CG and George, LK and Krause, N and Ory, MG and Pargament, KI and Powell, LH and Underwood, LG and Williams, DR}, Title = {Measuring multiple dimensions of religion and spirituality for health research: Conceptual background and findings from the 1998 general social survey}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Volume = {25}, Number = {4}, Pages = {327-365}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2003}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0164-0275}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000183503000001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Progress in studying the relationship between religion and health has been hampered by the absence of an adequate measure of religiousness and spirituality. This article reports on the conceptual and empirical development of an instrument to measure religiousness and spirituality, intended explicitly for studies of health. It is multidimensional to allow investigation of multiple possible mechanisms of effect, brief enough to be included in clinical or epidemiological surveys, inclusive of both traditional religiousness and noninstitutionally based spirituality, and appropriate for diverse Judeo-Christian populations. The measure may be particularly useful for studies of health in elderly populations in which religious involvement is higher. The measure was tested in the nationally representative 1998 General Social Survey (N = 1,445). Nine dimensions have indices with moderate-to-good internal consistency, and there are three single-item domains. Analysis by age and sex shows that elderly respondents report higher levels of religiousness in virtually every domain of the measure.}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027503025004001}, Key = {fds255973} } @article{fds304769, Author = {Yi, Z and Yuzhi, L and George, LK}, Title = {Gender differentials of the oldest old in China}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {65-80}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027502238343}, Abstract = {Based on unique data from a sample of nearly 9,000 people ages 80 to 105 interviewed in 22 provinces in 1998, we found that gender differentials in educational attainment among the Chinese oldest old are enormous: Many more women are illiterate. Oldest old women are more likely to be widowed and economically dependent, much less likely to have pensions, and thus more likely to live with their children and rely on children for financial support and care. The female oldest old in China are also seriously disadvantaged in activities of daily living, physical performance, cognitive function, and self-reported health, as compared with their male counterparts; these gender differences are more marked with advancing age. The large gender differentials among the Chinese oldest old need serious attention from society and government, and any old-age insurance and service programs to be developed or reformed must benefit older women and men equally.}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027502238343}, Key = {fds304769} } @article{fds255977, Author = {Zeng, Y and Liu, Y and George, LK}, Title = {Gender Differentials in Socioeconomic and Health Characteristics among the Oldest-Old in China: Serious Female Disadvantages.}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {65-80}, Year = {2003}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027502238343}, Abstract = {Based on unique data from a sample of nearly 9,000 people ages 80 to 105 interviewed in 22 provinces in 1998, we found that gender differentials in educational attainment among the Chinese oldest old are enormous: Many more women are illiterate. Oldest old women are more likely to be widowed and economically dependent, much less likely to have pensions, and thus more likely to live with their children and rely on children for financial support and care. The female oldest old in China are also seriously disadvantaged in activities of daily living, physical performance, cognitive function, and self-reported health, as compared with their male counterparts; these gender differences are more marked with advancing age. The large gender differentials among the Chinese oldest old need serious attention from society and government, and any old-age insurance and service programs to be developed or reformed must benefit older women and men equally.}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027502238343}, Key = {fds255977} } @article{fds346659, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Titus, P}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and health in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Patients}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds346659} } @article{fds255986, Author = {Bosworth, HB and McQuoid, DB and George, LK and Steffens, DC}, Title = {Time-to-Remission from Geriatric Depression}, Journal = {American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {5}, Pages = {551-559}, Year = {2002}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1064-7481}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213689}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined psychosocial and clinical predictors of time-to-remission in a sample of initially clinically depressed elderly patients. METHODS: Using a standardized algorithm, a prospective cohort study enrolled 239 patients undergoing treatment. Patients were followed for up to 4.5 years, until death or withdrawal from the study. Baseline predictor variables included psychosocial factors, such as four domains of social support; basic and instrumental activities of daily living; and clinical factors, including use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), past history of depression, comorbidities, and antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: Only 33% of the sample (n=79) met our classification for depression remission. A lack of instrumental and subjective social support, poor self-rated health, the use of antipsychotic medication, or use of an antidepressant in the last 7 days were predictors of longer time-to-remission. Use of ECT in the last year was related to shorter time-to-remission. CONCLUSION: Baseline psychosocial factors were just as important, as predictors of depression remission, as were clinical and diagnostic variables. Interventions directed toward social support resources, in addition to clinical intervention, including the use of ECT where appropriate, are likely to improve rates of depression remission.}, Key = {fds255986} } @article{fds255983, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Research design in end-of-life research: state of science.}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {42 Spec No 3}, Number = {special issue}, Pages = {86-98}, Year = {2002}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12415138}, Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>The volume of research on end-of-life care, death, and dying has exploded during the past decade. This article reviews the conceptual and methodological adequacy of end-of-life research to date, focusing on limitations of research to date and ways of improving future research.<h4>Design and methods</h4>A systematic search was conducted to identify the base of end-of-life research. Approximately 400 empirical articles were identified and are the basis of this review.<h4>Results</h4>Although much has been learned from research to date, limitations in the knowledge base are substantial. The most fundamental problems identified are conceptual and include failure to define dying; neglect of the distinctions among quality of life, quality of death, and quality of end-of-life care. Methodologically, the single greatest problem is the lack of longitudinal studies that cover more than the time period immediately before death.<h4>Implications</h4>Gaps in the research base include insufficient attention to psychological and spiritual issues, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder and the effectiveness of the treatment of such disorders among dying persons, provider and health system variables, social and cultural diversity, and the effects of comorbidity on trajectories of dying.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/42.suppl_3.86}, Key = {fds255983} } @article{fds255985, Author = {Lynch, SM and George, LK}, Title = {Interlocking trajectories of loss-related events and depressive symptoms among elders.}, Journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences}, Volume = {57}, Number = {2}, Pages = {S117-S125}, Year = {2002}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000174194700015&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>As people age, their peers (who are also aging) become increasingly susceptible to health decline and death, implying potential growth in stressful loss-related events over time for the individual. Yet little research has examined trajectories of stress and their relationship to trajectories of depression among elders. The purpose of this research was to determine whether growth in loss-related events occurs for elders and whether stress growth is related to the well-known growth in depressive symptomatology in later life.<h4>Methods</h4>Three waves of National Institute on Aging Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (Duke University site) data were used in the analyses. Latent growth curve models were estimated for stress, for depressive symptoms, and for stress predicting depression net of several covariates.<h4>Results</h4>Findings include that (a) loss-events evidence clear growth across age at the aggregate level, but with much variation within the sample, and (b) variation in growth in stress is strongly related to variation in growth in depressive symptoms.<h4>Discussion</h4>The results suggest that stress in later life may be conceived of as a growth process, with strong consequences for trajectories of mental health.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/57.2.s117}, Key = {fds255985} } @article{fds255987, Author = {Bosworth, HB and Hays, JC and George, LK and Steffens, DC}, Title = {Psychosocial and clinical predictors of unipolar depression outcome in older adults.}, Journal = {Int J Geriatr Psychiatry}, Volume = {17}, Number = {3}, Pages = {238-246}, Year = {2002}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0885-6230}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11921152}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study examined psychosocial and clinical predictors of depression non-remittance among a sample of initially clinically depressed elders. METHODS: Incident and prevalent unipolar depression cases (n = 166) were enrolled into the MHCRC for the Study of Depression in Late Life and followed for 12 months while undergoing treatment using a standardized algorithm. The outcome was remission vs non-remission (<6 vs > 7 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) at one-year follow-up. Baseline predictor variables included psychosocial factors, such as four domains of social support, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs), and clinical factors, which included use of ECT, past history of depression, comorbidities, and antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: At one-year follow-up, 45% of the sample was in remission based upon MADRS scores. In bivariate analyses, non-remitted patients were more likely at baseline to use benzodiazepines, anxiolytic/sedatives, and/or MAO inhibitors than patients in remission, and have more depressive episodes. Among psychosocial factors, non-remitted patients had at baseline, more ADL and IADL problems and decreased subjective social support as compared to patients in remission. In logistic regression analyses more depression episodes, using anxiolytic/sedatives, more IADL problems and decreased subjective social support predicted poor depression outcome after one-year. CONCLUSIONS: While clinical and diagnostic variables were related to improvement, baseline psychosocial factors were also important.}, Doi = {10.1002/gps.590}, Key = {fds255987} } @article{fds255920, Author = {Hays, JC and George, LK}, Title = {The life-course trajectory toward living alone: Racial differences}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Volume = {24}, Number = {3}, Pages = {283-307}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {2002}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0164-0275}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000178045300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Objectives: Dramatic increases in living alone in late life have been associated with higher incomes and better health, obscuring the risk to subgroups living alone with diminished health and socioeconomic resources. This study describes race differences in the stability and life-course antecedents of living alone. Method: The prospective cohort study used data from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly at Duke University (n = 4,132) to estimate 10-year prevalence, incidence, and predictors of living alone among Black and White elders. Results: New episodes of living alone were equally likely. Black elders' lower prevalence of living alone was a function of their 80 percent greater probability of a new coresident episode. Home ownership, residential tenure, and perceived good health were lower among Blacks living alone, compared to Whites, who had fewer living children. Stressful life events had similar effects on household size. Discussion: Race differences in late life household size were primarily dependent on decisions embedded in midlife.}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027502243001}, Key = {fds255920} } @article{fds255984, Author = {George, LK and Ellison, CG and Larson, DB}, Title = {Explaining the relationships between religious involvement and health}, Journal = {Psychological Inquiry}, Volume = {13}, Number = {3}, Pages = {190-200}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {2002}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1047-840X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000180577800004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {There is increasing research evidence that religious involvement is associated both cross-sectionally and prospectively with better physical health, better mental health, and longer survival. These relationships remain substantial in size and statistically significant with other risk and protective factors for morbidity and mortality statistically controlled. In this article, we review the social and psychological factors that have been hypothesized to explain the health-promoting effects of religious involvement. The four potential psychosocial mechanisms that have received empirical attention are health practices, social support, psychosocial resources such as self-esteem and self-efficacy, and belief structures such as sense of coherence. Evidence concerning these potential mediators is mixed and inconsistent, suggesting there is more to be learned about the pathways by which religion affects health. Other possible explanations for the salubrious effects of religious involvement on health and longevity are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1207/S15327965PLI1303_04}, Key = {fds255984} } @article{fds255988, Author = {Connor, KM and Davidson, JRT and Hughes, DC and Swartz, MS and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {The impact of borderline personality disorder on post-traumatic stress in the community: a study of health status, health utilization, and functioning.}, Journal = {Compr Psychiatry}, Volume = {43}, Number = {1}, Pages = {41-48}, Year = {2002}, ISSN = {0010-440X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11788918}, Abstract = {This study examines impairment and health status and resource utilization among individuals with and without borderline personality disorder (BPD), all of whom had post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Using data from the community-based Piedmont Health Survey, 150 adult respondents who had experienced clinically significant PTSS during their life were identified. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) Borderline Index was used to distinguish a subset of respondents who met criteria for BPD. Compared with adults with PTSS (n = 135), individuals with PTSS and BPD (PTSS-BPD) (n = 15) exhibited impaired health status and greater utilization of mental health services and psychotropic medications, as well as more functional impairment based on social, occupational, and early adverse life-event measures. Individuals with comorbid PTSS and BPD demonstrate greater overall impairment and usage of health care resources.}, Doi = {10.1053/comp.2002.29846}, Key = {fds255988} } @article{fds303873, Author = {George, LK and Connor, KM and Davidson, JRT and Hughes, DC and Swartz, MS and blazer, D}, Title = {The Impact of Borderline Personality Disorder on Post-Traumatic Stress in the Community: A Study of Health Status, Health Utilization, and Functioning}, Journal = {Comprehensive Psychiatry}, Number = {43}, Pages = {41-48}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds303873} } @article{fds304774, Author = {Bosworth, HB and McQuoid, DR and George, LK and Steffens, DC}, Title = {Time-to-remission from geriatric depression: psychosocial and clinical factors.}, Journal = {Am J Geriatr Psychiatry}, Volume = {10}, Number = {5}, Pages = {551-559}, Year = {2002}, ISSN = {1064-7481}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213689}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined psychosocial and clinical predictors of time-to-remission in a sample of initially clinically depressed elderly patients. METHODS: Using a standardized algorithm, a prospective cohort study enrolled 239 patients undergoing treatment. Patients were followed for up to 4.5 years, until death or withdrawal from the study. Baseline predictor variables included psychosocial factors, such as four domains of social support; basic and instrumental activities of daily living; and clinical factors, including use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), past history of depression, comorbidities, and antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: Only 33% of the sample (n=79) met our classification for depression remission. A lack of instrumental and subjective social support, poor self-rated health, the use of antipsychotic medication, or use of an antidepressant in the last 7 days were predictors of longer time-to-remission. Use of ECT in the last year was related to shorter time-to-remission. CONCLUSION: Baseline psychosocial factors were just as important, as predictors of depression remission, as were clinical and diagnostic variables. Interventions directed toward social support resources, in addition to clinical intervention, including the use of ECT where appropriate, are likely to improve rates of depression remission.}, Doi = {10.1097/00019442-200209000-00008}, Key = {fds304774} } @article{fds255978, Author = {Hays, JC and Steffens, DC and Flint, EP and Bosworth, HB and George, LK}, Title = {Does social support buffer functional decline in elderly patients with unipolar depression?}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {158}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1850-1855}, Year = {2001}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691691}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether social support protects against functional decline, either generally or selectively, in the most severely depressed elderly patients undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder. METHOD: In a prospective cohort study design, 113 patients with incident and prevalent unipolar depression were followed for 12 months while they were undergoing naturalistic treatment. Outcome measures included performance on basic and instrumental activities of daily living; predictor variables included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and four domains of informal social support. The analysis employed multivariable ordinary least squares regression models. RESULTS: Improved scores on instrumental activities of daily living and stable scores on basic activities of daily living characterized the subjects. In adjusted analyses, instrumental social support provided marginal protection against worsening performance on instrumental activities of daily living, which were primarily a function of baseline depression severity. Large social networks, more frequent social interaction, and the perceived adequacy of social support played a modest buffering role against declines in performance on basic activities of daily living among the most depressed elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: Instrumental support was generally protective against worsening performance on instrumental abilities of daily living among elderly patients with recurrent unipolar depression. Subjective and structural dimensions of social support protected the most severely depressed elderly patients against the loss of basic maintenance abilities.}, Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1850}, Key = {fds255978} } @article{fds255929, Author = {Bosworth, HB and McQuoid, D and George, LK and Steffens, DC}, Title = {Time to recovery from geriatric depression: Psychosocial and clinical factors}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {41}, Pages = {72-72}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {2001}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000171360400252&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255929} } @article{fds255979, Author = {Mendes de Leon and CF and Gold, DT and Glass, TA and Kaplan, L and George, LK}, Title = {Disability as a function of social networks and support in elderly African Americans and Whites: the Duke EPESE 1986--1992.}, Journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, Volume = {56}, Number = {3}, Pages = {S179-S190}, Year = {2001}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316843}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We examined the association of structural and functional aspects of social relationships with change in disability, and the degree to which race modifies these associations. METHODS: Data are from a population-based sample of 4,136 African Americans and Whites aged > or = 65 living in North CAROLINA: Disability data were collected during seven consecutive yearly interviews and summarized in two outcome measures. Measures of social relationships included five measures representing network size, extent of social interaction, and specific type of relationships, as well as instrumental and emotional support. Weighted proportional odds models were fitted to model disability as a function of baseline social network and support variables, and the interaction of each variable with follow-up time. RESULTS: Network size and social interaction showed significant negative associations with disability risks, which did not vary by race, or as a function of time. Social interaction with friends was associated with a reduced risk for disability, but social interaction with children or relatives was not related to disability. Instrumental support was associated with a significantly increased disability risk, with a greater adverse effect among Whites than African AMERICANS: Emotional support was not associated with disability, but a protective effect for ADL disability was found after controlling for its intercorrelation with instrumental support. DISCUSSION: The findings provide further evidence for the role of social relationships in the disablement process, although not all types of social relationships may be equally beneficial. Furthermore, these associations may be more complex than simple causal effects. There were few racial differences in the association of social relationships with disability, with the possible exception of instrumental support, which may allude to possible sociocultural differences in the experience of instrumental support exchanges.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/56.3.s179}, Key = {fds255979} } @article{fds255980, Author = {Hays, JC and Meador, KG and Branch, PS and George, LK}, Title = {The History of Religion and Spirituality Scale in Four Dimensions (HRSS-4): Validity and Reliability}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {41}, Pages = {239-249}, Year = {2001}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds255980} } @article{fds255960, Author = {Hays, JC and Meador, KG and Branch, PS and George, LK}, Title = {The Spiritual History Scale in four dimensions (SHS-4): validity and reliability.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {41}, Number = {2}, Pages = {239-249}, Year = {2001}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11327490}, Abstract = {The goals of this study were to develop a valid, reliable measure of lifetime religious and spiritual experience and to assess its value in explaining late-life health. Procedures included semi-structured interviews with Duke Aging Center volunteers (n = 30), followed by structured interviews of a stratified, random sample of subjects (n = 157) from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly at Duke University. Principal components analysis suggested four factors with favorable psychometrics. Health-impaired subjects reported a history of seeking/receiving divine aid (God Helped). At every level of impairment, Lifetime Religious Social Support and current religious attendance were positively correlated. Regardless of current attendance, subjects who reported higher Lifetime Religious Social Support received more instrumental social support. Healthy behaviors were associated with both God Helped and Lifetime Religious Social Support. Cost of Religiousness predicted depressive symptoms and impaired social support. Family History of Religiousness was unrelated to late-life health. Evaluation of the Spiritual History Scale in Four Dimensions (SHS-4) across geographical settings, cultural subgroups, age cohorts, and clinical samples is warranted.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/41.2.239}, Key = {fds255960} } @article{fds255981, Author = {Zeng, Y and George, L}, Title = {Family Dynamics of 63 Million (in 1990) to More Than 330 Million (in 2050) Elders in China}, Journal = {Demographic Research}, Volume = {2}, Number = {5}, Year = {2000}, Month = {May}, Abstract = {Based on censuses micro data files, population and family households projections, this paper analyses extremely rapid population aging, family dynamics and living arrangements of the elderly in China. Both our and the U.N.’s most recent projections confirm very rapid increase in proportion of elderly, huge numbers of elderly persons, an extraordinarily rapid increase of the oldest old after 2020, and more serious aging problems in rural than urban areas. Comparative data analysis on family dynamics and living arrangements of the elderly, males vs. females, younger elders vs. oldest old, rural vs. urban, and 1982 vs. 1990 are presented. According to an application to the multidimensional family household projection model, the family households structure and living arrangements of the Chinese elderly would change dramatically during the first half of the 21th century. In addition to demographic data analysis, we also discuss socio-economic and cultural contexts to explain the issues of rapid aging and changes in family structure and living arrangements of the elderly in China. Drawing upon our empirical findings, we presented policy recommendations on strengthening family support system, establishing an old age insurance program in rural areas, favourable policy for elderly women in consideration of their disadvantaged status, and smoothly transiting to a two-child plus spacing policy.}, Key = {fds255981} } @article{fds304764, Author = {George, LK and Larson, DB and Koenig, HG and McCullough, ME}, Title = {Spirituality and health: What we know, what we need to know}, Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {19}, Number = {1}, Pages = {102-116}, Publisher = {Guilford Publications}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.102}, Abstract = {Spirituality and religion have been seen as beneficial, harmful, and irrelevant to health. We examine the recent research on this topic. We focus on (a) defining spirituality and religion both conceptually and operationally; (b) the relationships between spirituality/religion and health; and (c) priorities for future research. Although the effect sizes are moderate, there typically are links between religious practices and reduced onset of physical and mental illnesses, reduced mortality, and likelihood of recovery from or adjustment to physical and mental illness. The three mechanisms underlying these relationships involve religion increasing healthy behaviors, social support, and a sense of coherence or meaning. This research is based on religion measures, however, and it should be emphasized that spirituality may be different.}, Doi = {10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.102}, Key = {fds304764} } @article{fds346660, Author = {Thompson, MS and George, LK and Swartz, M and Burns, BJ and Swanson, JW}, Title = {Race, role responsibility, and relationship: understanding the experience of caring for the severely mentally ill}, Journal = {Research in Community and Mental Health}, Volume = {11}, Pages = {157-185}, Year = {2000}, Month = {January}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to identify contextual factors that affect the ability of caregivers to provide necessary supports to mentally ill individuals. Context was defined here as the socially patterned arrangements of peoples' everyday lives and the social and cultural meanings attached to them. Three contextual areas of caregiver burden were explored: race, role responsibility, and relationship between caregiver and the mentally ill individual. Using a stress process model as a guide for our analysis we examined the role of contextual factors, primary stressors and social supports as predictors of several dimensions of caregiver burden: objective financial burden, subjective financial burden, and household disruptions. Analyses were based on interviews with 219 caregivers of persons with severe persistent mental illness who were part of randomized clinical trial of outpatient commitment (OPC) combined with community based treatment. The findings provide evidence of the importance of environmental context in structuring different aspects of caregiver burden, in particular the influence of race and relationship with the client. Parents and spouses experienced more financial burden and household disruptions than other relationships and African American caregivers reported more subjective financial burden than whites. African American caregivers also were more tolerant of client behaviors than whites. Instrumental social support and help with the client were predictors of caregiver burden. The latter was interpreted as evidence of a support mobilization effect. © 2000 JAI Press Inc.}, Key = {fds346660} } @article{fds255990, Author = {George, LK and Larson, DB and Koenig, HG and McCullough, M}, Title = {Spirituality and Health: State of the Evidence}, Journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology}, Volume = {19}, Number = {1}, Pages = {102-116}, Year = {2000}, Abstract = {Spirituality and religion have been seen as beneficial, harmful, and irrelevant to health. We examine the recent research on this topic. We focus on (a) defining spirituality and religion both conceptually and operationally; (b) the relationships between spirituality/religion and health; and (c) priorities for future research. Although the effect sizes are moderate, there typically are links between religious practices and reduced onset of physical and mental illnesses, reduced mortality, and likelihood of recovery from or adjustment to physical and mental illness. The three mechanisms underlying these relationships involve religion increasing healthy behaviors, social support, and a sense of coherence or meaning. This research is based on religion measures, however, and it should be emphasized that spirituality may be different.}, Key = {fds255990} } @article{fds255991, Author = {George, LK and Clipp, EC}, Title = {Quality of Life: Conceptual Issues and Clinical Implications}, Journal = {Neurology Report}, Volume = {24}, Number = {4}, Pages = {127-132}, Publisher = {Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, Year = {2000}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01253086-200024040-00003}, Abstract = {Quality of life (QOL) is an important element of clinical practice and health research. Quality of life reminds us that people are more than their diseases and that the goal of clinical care should be to address the needs of the whole person. The clinician and/or health researcher is faced with a large number of diverse options for measuring QOL. This paper describes the conceptual underpinnings of 3 levels of QOL measures: global assessments of life quality, health-related quality of life measures, and disease-specific measures. Examples of measurement tools at all 3 levels are provided. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each level of measurement are discussed. Matching choice of a QOL measure to the clinical or research purpose and assessing QOL at multiple levels are strongly encouraged. The research base of QOL studies of persons with neurological disorders is reviewed briefly. General implications for clinical practice are discussed. © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.}, Doi = {10.1097/01253086-200024040-00003}, Key = {fds255991} } @article{fds255958, Author = {Lynch, TR and Mendelson, T and Robins, CJ and Krishnan, KR and George, LK and Johnson, CS and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Perceived social support among depressed elderly, middle-aged, and young-adult samples: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {55}, Number = {2-3}, Pages = {159-170}, Year = {1999}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0165-0327}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10628885}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A number of studies have concluded that the perceived quality of support is more strongly associated with mental health than with the actual structure of personal networks. This study examined clinical, historical, and phenomenological variables associated cross-sectionally and longitudinally with perceived social support. METHODS: Participants included elderly, middle-aged, and young-adult depressed samples derived from the Duke Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Late Life. RESULTS: Cross-sectional multivariate analyses revealed that perceived social support was: (1) for the elderly associated with pessimistic thinking, being divorced, having strange ideas, the degree of social interaction, and instrumental support; (2) for middle-age associated with dysthymia, divorce, pessimistic thoughts, social interaction, and instrumental support; and (3) among young adults with instrumental support only. Longitudinal multivariate analyses indicated that only perceived social support at Time 1 predicted perceived social support 1 year later among elderly and middle-aged subjects, whereas only instrumental support predicted perceived social support 1 year later among the young-adult sample. LIMITATIONS: The small number of subjects among the young-adult sample limit conclusions regarding this group. In addition, only patients provided data. Future studies should consider using multiple informants to enhance the accuracy of reported social support. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in addition to whatever else they do for depressed patients, clinicians must endeavor to address relationship or social support difficulties, especially in the elderly.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00017-8}, Key = {fds255958} } @article{fds255959, Author = {Amaya-Jackson, L and Davidson, JR and Hughes, DC and Swartz, M and Reynolds, V and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Functional impairment and utilization of services associated with posttraumatic stress in the community.}, Journal = {J Trauma Stress}, Volume = {12}, Number = {4}, Pages = {709-724}, Year = {1999}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0894-9867}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10646189}, Abstract = {This study describes social functioning and service utilization patterns associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms relative to nonpsychiatric controls and depressive disorder controls in a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. Data from 49 cases and 147 controls who participated in the North Carolina component of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were examined. Results indicate that symptoms of posttraumatic stress were associated with impairment along several domains of functioning: social, financial, physical, and psychological. Individuals with posttraumatic stress were found to have more socioeconomic disadvantages and impaired functioning. Despite this, individuals with posttraumatic stress are receiving relatively few mental health services. Further research assessing service use, treatment, and functional outcomes are indicated.}, Doi = {10.1023/A:1024781504756}, Key = {fds255959} } @article{fds255992, Author = {Koenig, HG and Hays, JC and Larson, DB and George, LK and Cohen, HJ and McCullough, ME and Meador, KG and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Does religious attendance prolong survival? A six-year follow-up study of 3,968 older adults.}, Journal = {J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci}, Volume = {54}, Number = {7}, Pages = {M370-M376}, Year = {1999}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {1079-5006}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10462170}, Abstract = {METHODS: A probability sample of 3,968 community-dwelling adults aged 64-101 years residing in the Piedmont of North Carolina was surveyed in 1986 as part of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) program of the National Institutes of Health. Attendance at religious services and a wide variety of sociodemographic and health variables were assessed at baseline. Vital status of members was then determined prospectively over the next 6 years (1986 1992). Time (days) to death or censoring in days was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: During a median 6.3-year follow-up period, 1,777 subjects (29.7%) died. Of the subjects who attended religious services once a week or more in 1986 (frequent attenders), 22.9% died compared to 37.4% of those attending services less than once a week (infrequent attenders). The relative hazard (RH) of dying for frequent attenders was 46% less than for infrequent attenders (RH: 0.54, 95% CI 0.48-.0.61), an effect that was strongest in women (RH 0.51, CI 0.434).59) but also present in men (RH 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.75). When demographics, health conditions, social connections, and health practices were controlled, this effect remained significant for the entire sample (RH 0.72, 95% CI 0.64-.81), and for both women (RH 0.65, 95% CI 0.554-.76, p<.0001) and men (RH 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-1.00, p=.05). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults, particularly women, who attend religious services at least once a week appear to have a survival advantage over those attending services less frequently.}, Doi = {10.1093/gerona/54.7.m370}, Key = {fds255992} } @article{fds255989, Author = {Lynch, TR and Mendelson, T and Robins, CJ and Krishman, KRK and George, LK and Johnson, CS and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Perceived Social Support among Depressed Elderly, Middle-Aged, and Young Adult Samples}, Journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, Volume = {2}, Number = {5}, Pages = {212-218}, Year = {1999}, Month = {June}, Key = {fds255989} } @article{fds255925, Author = {Koenig, HG and Idler, E and Kasl, S and Hays, JC and George, LK and Musick, M and Larson, DB and Collins, TR and Benson, H}, Title = {Religion, spirituality, and medicine: a rebuttal to skeptics.}, Journal = {Int J Psychiatry Med}, Volume = {29}, Number = {2}, Pages = {123-131}, Year = {1999}, ISSN = {0091-2174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10587810}, Doi = {10.2190/C2FB-95VW-FKYD-C8RV}, Key = {fds255925} } @article{fds255957, Author = {Wallsten, SM and Tweed, DL and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Disability and depressive symptoms in the elderly: the effects of instrumental support and its subjective appraisal.}, Journal = {Int J Aging Hum Dev}, Volume = {48}, Number = {2}, Pages = {145-159}, Year = {1999}, ISSN = {0091-4150}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376959}, Abstract = {This article explores the buffering effect of social support on depressive symptoms in a community sample of elderly with varying levels of disability. Baseline interviews were conducted in respondents' homes. Results show that higher levels of disability are associated with higher levels of depression. Instrumental support and subjective appraisal of the network are associated with depressive symptoms, but instrumental support has a weak positive correlation, while subjective appraisals show a negative relationship. Social support mitigates the depressive effect of disability only when the network's efforts are appraised positively. However, no such relationship is shown for instrumental support. One's perception of the network's helpfulness appears to be more potent than the actual help provided by friends and family.}, Doi = {10.2190/E48R-W561-V7RG-LL8D}, Key = {fds255957} } @article{fds255993, Author = {Benson, H and Cohen, HJ and George, LK and Koenig, HG and McCullough, ME and Myers, DG and Post, SG and Worthington, EL}, Title = {Position Statement Regarding Research on Religion/Spirituality and Health}, Journal = {Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine}, Volume = {8}, Pages = {17-22}, Year = {1999}, Key = {fds255993} } @article{fds255994, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Larson, DB and McCullough, ME and Branch, PS and Kuchibhatla, M}, Title = {Depressive Symptoms and Nine-Year Survival of 1010 Male Veterans Hospitalized with Medical Illness}, Journal = {American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {7}, Number = {2}, Pages = {376-382.}, Year = {1999}, ISSN = {1064-7481}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10322239}, Abstract = {Authors examined effects of depressive symptoms on after-discharge survival of hospitalized medically ill male veterans. Psychosocial and physical health evaluations were performed on a consecutive sample of 1,001 patients ages 20-39 (16%) and 65-102 years (84%). Subjects or surviving family members were later contacted by telephone, and Cox proportional-hazards regression modeled the effects of depressive symptoms on time-to-death, controlling for demographics and social, psychiatric, and physical health. Follow-up was obtained on all 1,001 patients (average observation time, 9 years), during which 667 patients died (67%). Patients with depressive symptoms were significantly less likely to survive. For every 1-point increase on the 12-item Brief Carroll Depression Rating Scale (BCDRS), the hazard of dying increased by 10% (P<0. 0001). Age did not significantly affect the association between depressive symptoms and mortality. Depressive symptoms during acute hospitalization are a predictor of shortened survival.}, Key = {fds255994} } @article{fds304773, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Larson, DB and McCullough, ME and Branch, PS and Kuchibhatla, M}, Title = {Depressive symptoms and nine-year survival of 1,001 male veterans hospitalized with medical illness.}, Journal = {Am J Geriatr Psychiatry}, Volume = {7}, Number = {2}, Pages = {124-131}, Year = {1999}, ISSN = {1064-7481}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10322239}, Abstract = {Authors examined effects of depressive symptoms on after-discharge survival of hospitalized medically ill male veterans. Psychosocial and physical health evaluations were performed on a consecutive sample of 1,001 patients ages 20-39 (16%) and 65-102 years (84%). Subjects or surviving family members were later contacted by telephone, and Cox proportional-hazards regression modeled the effects of depressive symptoms on time-to-death, controlling for demographics and social, psychiatric, and physical health. Follow-up was obtained on all 1,001 patients (average observation time, 9 years), during which 667 patients died (67%). Patients with depressive symptoms were significantly less likely to survive. For every 1-point increase on the 12-item Brief Carroll Depression Rating Scale (BCDRS), the hazard of dying increased by 10% (P<0. 0001). Age did not significantly affect the association between depressive symptoms and mortality. Depressive symptoms during acute hospitalization are a predictor of shortened survival.}, Doi = {10.1097/00019442-199921720-00005}, Key = {fds304773} } @article{fds303921, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Cohen, HJ and Hays, JC and Larson, DB and Blazer, DG}, Title = {The relationship between religious activities and cigarette smoking in older adults.}, Journal = {J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci}, Volume = {53}, Number = {6}, Pages = {M426-M434}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {1079-5006}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823746}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between religious activities and cigarette smoking in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Cigarette smoking and religious activities were assessed in a probability sample of 3968 persons age 65 years or older participating in the Duke Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) survey. Participants were asked if they currently smoked, if they ever smoked, and how many cigarettes per day they smoked. Attendance at religious services, participation in private religious activities (prayer or Bible study), and use of religious media (religious TV or radio) were also assessed. Data were available for Waves I-III of the survey (1986, 1989, and 1992). Analyses were controlled for age, race, sex, education, alcohol use, physical health, and in the longitudinal analyses, smoking status at prior waves. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed that participants who frequently attended religious services were significantly less likely to smoke cigarettes at all three waves. Likewise, elders frequently involved in private religious activity were less likely to smoke (Waves II and III). Total number of pack-years smoked was also inversely related to both attendance at religious services and private religious activities. Watching religious TV or listening to religious radio, on the other hand, was not related to smoking at Waves I and II nor to total pack-years smoked, but was positively related to current smoking at Wave III. Among those who smoked, number of cigarettes smoked was inversely related to frequency of attendance at religious services (Wave I), private religious activities (Wave III), and religious TV/radio (Waves II and III). Retrospective and prospective analyses revealed that religiously active persons were less likely to ever start smoking, not more likely to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Religiously active persons are less likely to smoke cigarettes, and if they do smoke, smoke fewer cigarettes. Given the association between smoking and disease, and the widespread prevalence of both smoking and religious activity, this finding has implications for public health.}, Doi = {10.1093/gerona/53a.6.m426}, Key = {fds303921} } @article{fds303922, Author = {Schmader, K and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Pieper, CF}, Title = {Racial and psychosocial risk factors for herpes zoster in the elderly.}, Journal = {J Infect Dis}, Volume = {178 Suppl 1}, Pages = {S67-S70}, Year = {1998}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1899}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9852978}, Abstract = {The effects of black race and psychologic stress on the risk of acquiring herpes zoster in late life were examined. Subjects were participants of a stratified probability sample of community-dwelling persons > or = 65 years old. A comprehensive health survey was administered in 1986-1987 (P1), 1989-1990 (P2), and 1992-1994 (P3). Incident cases of zoster between P1 and P2 and P2 and P3 served as the dependent variables. Hypothesis-testing variables included race, negative life events, and measures of social support. Control variables included age, sex, education, cancer, other chronic diseases, hospitalization, activities of daily living, self-rated health, depression, and cigarette smoking. From P1 to P2, 1.4% of black and 3.4% of white subjects developed zoster (P < .001). From P2 to P3, 2.9% of black and 7.5% of white subjects developed zoster (P < .001). After controlling for variables, black subjects were significantly less likely to develop zoster than were white subjects (adjusted odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.26, 0.53; P = .0001). Most measures of stress were not significantly related to zoster; however, study limitations preclude definitive conclusions.}, Doi = {10.1086/514254}, Key = {fds303922} } @article{fds255952, Author = {Krishnan, KR and George, LK and Pieper, CF and Jiang, W and Arias, R and Look, A and O'Connor, C}, Title = {Depression and social support in elderly patients with cardiac disease.}, Journal = {Am Heart J}, Volume = {136}, Number = {3}, Pages = {491-495}, Year = {1998}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-8703}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9736142}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression is common among patients with cardiac disease. A number of psychosocial factors may affect the relationship between physical health and depression. There is evidence from the psychiatric literature suggesting that negative life events and social support are important factors in the development and outcome of depression. It is unknown if these factors are important in the context of depression in medically ill patients. Thus it is important to examine the relationship among social support, negative life events, and the presence of depression in elderly patients with cardiac disease. METHODS: Patients with coronary artery disease were assessed with the Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule for the Elderly. This includes the mood and anxiety disorder section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule modified for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses, life events, and multidimensional assessment of social support. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) the number of concurrent negative life events will be higher in patients with coronary artery disease with major depression than those without depression, and (2) social support will be less in patients with major depression than in those without. RESULTS: Presence of major depression was associated with increased negative life events and lowered subjective social support after accounting for age, sex, and race. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that subjective social support and negative life events are related to major depression suggests that even in the context of medical illness, social factors are still important in the development of major depression.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70225-x}, Key = {fds255952} } @article{fds255896, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The psychology of religion and coping}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {38}, Number = {4}, Pages = {508-510}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1998}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000075440300017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255896} } @article{fds255899, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Counseling troubled older adults: A handbook for pastors and religious caregivers}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {38}, Number = {4}, Pages = {508-510}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1998}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000075440300016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255899} } @article{fds255995, Author = {Schmader, K and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Hamilton, JD and Pieper, CF}, Title = {Race and stress in the incidence of herpes zoster in older adults.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {46}, Number = {8}, Pages = {973-977}, Year = {1998}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9706885}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of black race and acute (negative life events) and chronic (lack of social support) psychological stress on the risk of herpes zoster in late life. DESIGN: A population-based, prospective cohort study. SETTING: Central North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: Duke Established Populations for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly, a stratified probability sample of community-dwelling persons more than 65 years of age. MEASUREMENTS: Interviewers administered a comprehensive health survey to the participants in 1986-1987 (P1, n = 4162), 1989-1990 (P2, n = 3336), and 1992-1994 (P3, n = 2568). Incident cases of zoster between P1 and P2 and P2 and P3 served as the dependent variable. Hypothesis-testing variables included race, negative life events, and five measures of social support. Control variables included age, sex, education, cancer, chronic diseases, basic ADLs, instrumental ADLs, depression, self-rated health, hospitalization, and cigarette smoking. Statistical analyses employed chi-square tests and proportional hazards model. RESULTS: At baseline, the sample had a mean age of 73.6 years and was 55% black, 45% white, and 65% female. There were 65 cases of zoster between P1 and P2 and 102 cases of zoster between P2 and P3. From P1 to P2, 1.4% of blacks and 3.4% of whites developed zoster (P < .001). From P2 to P3, 2.9% of blacks and 7.5% of whites developed zoster (P < .001). After controlling for the above variables, blacks were significantly less likely to develop zoster (adjusted risk ratio = 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.51; P < .001). Negative life events increased the risk of zoster, but the result was borderline for statistical significance (adjusted RR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.96-1.97; P = .078). No measures of social support were significantly associated with zoster. CONCLUSION: Black race decreased the risk of zoster in late life significantly. Measures of stress were not significantly related to zoster, but study limitations preclude definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on these factors in larger samples and different populations.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02751.x}, Key = {fds255995} } @article{fds255873, Author = {Jackson, PB and George, LK}, Title = {Racial differences in satisfaction with physicians}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Volume = {20}, Number = {3}, Pages = {298-316}, Year = {1998}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0164-0275}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027598203002}, Abstract = {This analysis examines the association between race and satisfaction with physicians among a sample of community-dwelling older adults. It is hypothesized that minority elderly will hold more negative attitudes toward physicians than will their White peers due to the difficulty in establishing rapport in the physician-patient relationship. Using data from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (Duke), we find that African Americans believe that physicians do not display much compassion for, and respect toward, the elderly. However, African Americans report more positive attitudes about the prudence of physicians. These findings are discussed in the context of improving the physician-patient relationship.}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027598203002}, Key = {fds255873} } @article{fds255951, Author = {Swartz, MS and Wagner, HR and Swanson, JW and Burns, BJ and George, LK and Padgett, DK}, Title = {Administrative update: utilization of services. I. Comparing use of public and private mental health services: the enduring barriers of race and age.}, Journal = {Community Ment Health J}, Volume = {34}, Number = {2}, Pages = {133-144}, Year = {1998}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0010-3853}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9620158}, Abstract = {Data from the NIMH-Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project were used to predict differential use of private versus public outpatient mental health services, a salient concern in integrating public and private services in market-based health care reform efforts. Having a recent psychiatric disorder, being age 25-44, female, white, of higher educational level, and unmarried increase the odds of any mental health service use. However, odds of treatment in the public sector are increased for males, African Americans, those with low educational and income levels, and odds are markedly decreased for the elderly, suggesting significant barriers to care for these mentally ill subpopulations.}, Doi = {10.1023/a:1018736917761}, Key = {fds255951} } @article{fds256002, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Peterson, BL}, Title = {Religiosity and remission of depression in medically ill older patients.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {155}, Number = {4}, Pages = {536-542}, Year = {1998}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9546001}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The effects of religious belief and activity on remission of depression were examined in medically ill hospitalized older patients. METHOD: Consecutive patients aged 60 years or over who had been admitted to medical inpatient services at a university medical center were screened for depressive symptoms. Of 111 patients scoring 16 or higher on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 94 were diagnosed with depressive disorder (DSM-III major depression or subsyndromal depression) by a psychiatrist using a structured psychiatric interview. After hospital discharge, depressed patients were followed up by telephone at 12-week intervals four times. At each follow-up contact, criterion symptoms were reassessed, and changes in each symptom over the interval since last contact were determined. The median follow-up time for 87 depressed patients was 47 weeks. Religious variables were examined as predictors of time to remission by means of a multivariate Cox model, with controls for demographic, physical health, psychosocial, and treatment factors. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 47 patients (54.0%) had remissions; the median time to remission was 30 weeks. Intrinsic religiosity was significantly and independently related to time to remission, but church attendance and private religious activities were not. Depressed patients with higher intrinsic religiosity scores had more rapid remissions than patients with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, greater intrinsic religiosity independently predicted shorter time to remission. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in which religiosity has been examined as a predictor of outcome of depressive disorder.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.155.4.536}, Key = {fds256002} } @article{fds255982, Author = {George, LK and Hays, JC and Landerman, LR and E P and K and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Social Correlates of the Dimensions of Late Life Depression}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences}, Volume = {53B}, Pages = {P31-P39}, Year = {1998}, Month = {February}, Key = {fds255982} } @article{fds255950, Author = {Hays, JC and Landerman, LR and George, LK and Flint, EP and Koenig, HG and Land, KC and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Social correlates of the dimensions of depression in the elderly.}, Journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, Volume = {53}, Number = {1}, Pages = {P31-P39}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469169}, Abstract = {Few investigations of the social correlates of depressive symptomatology have addressed variation in the correlates across multiple dimensions of depression scales. We examined the relationships of selected social, clinical, and demographic correlates with four dimensions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale in 3,401 community-dwelling elders in the Piedmont area of North Carolina. These correlates explained significant variation in somatic complaints and depressed affect; effects of chronic disability and recent negative events were particularly robust. Having a confidant explained reduced symptomatology for all four dimensions, but particularly for low positive affect and interpersonal problems. Positive affect was also buttressed by helping others. These patterns have particular relevance where treatment for depression is divorced from considerations of the social environment of the elderly patient.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/53b.1.p31}, Key = {fds255950} } @article{fds304765, Author = {Koenig, HG and Larson, DB and Hays, JC and McCullough, ME and George, LK and Branch, PS and Meader, KG and Kuchibhatla, M}, Title = {Religion and the survival of 1010 hospitalized veterans}, Journal = {Journal of Religion and Health}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {15-30}, Year = {1998}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1022904915837}, Abstract = {Objective: To examine the effects of religious affiliation and religious coping on survival of acutely-hospitalized medically-ill male veterans following discharge. Sample and Methods: Between 1987 and 1989, comprehensive psychosocial and physical-health evaluations were performed on a consecutive sample of 1010 patients ages 20-39 and 65-102 years admitted to the general medicine and neurology services of the Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. Religious affiliation and religious coping (the degree to which a patient relied on his religious faith for comfort and strength) were among the variables assessed. Subjects or surviving family members were contacted by telephone in 1996-97 to determine vital status; dates of death were confirmed by the Veterans Administration's Beneficiary Identification and Records Locator Subsystem (BIRLS), death certificate, or the National Death Index. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to model the effects of religious variables on time to death, controlling for demographic, social, psychiatric, and physical-health covariates. Results: Follow-up was obtained on all 1010 patients. During the observation period, 673 patients died. While a higher proportion of conservative Protestants than members of other religious groups died during this time (70.5% vs. 64.3%, p = .04), the association disappeared once covariates were controlled. Religious coping was unrelated to survival in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (hazard ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Conclusions: Neither religious affiliation nor dependence on religion as a coping behavior predicted survival in this sample of medically-ill male veterans. Several reasons for the absence of an effect are explored, notably the fact that the mortality force exerted by age, medical diagnosis, and severity of physical-health problems overwhelmed the weaker effects of psychosocial variables.}, Doi = {10.1023/a:1022904915837}, Key = {fds304765} } @article{fds706, Author = {Koenig, H.G. and George, L.K.}, Title = {Depression and Disability Outcomes in Depressed Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Adults}, Journal = {American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {6}, Pages = {230-247}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds706} } @article{fds255833, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review essay titled:) Religion and Aging Comes of Age}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {38}, Pages = {508-510}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds255833} } @article{fds255834, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Coheseveness and Coherence: Religion and the Health of the Elderly}, Journal = {Contemporary Gerontology}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {143-145}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds255834} } @article{fds255955, Author = {Krishnan, KR and Hays, JC and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Six-month outcomes for MRI-related vascular depression.}, Journal = {Depress Anxiety}, Volume = {8}, Number = {4}, Pages = {142-146}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {1091-4269}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9871815}, Abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to estimate the relative probabilities of 6-month recovery from an index episode of major depression for subjects with and without MRI-confirmed vascular brain changes. In this cohort study, 57 depressed subjects from the Duke University Mental Health Clinical Research Center (MHCRC) for Depression in Late Life who presented with MRI-related vascular and non-vascular depression were followed for 6 months, and the rates of recovery in the two risk groups were compared. Overall, the recovery rate in this sample was 57.9%. Subjects with MRI-related vascular depression demonstrated outcomes similar to subjects with non-vascular depression (crude RR = 0.67 [0.32, 1.43]). There was a trend that demonstrated that MRI-related vascular depression placed elderly subjects and subjects with first onset of depression after age 40 at increased risk of non-recovery. The study demonstrates overall no significant difference in course between patients with and without vascular depression. It also suggests that patients with vascular depression may have a different course depending on their age and age of onset of the disease.}, Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)8:4<142::aid-da2>3.0.co;2-n}, Key = {fds255955} } @article{fds255970, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Hays, JC and Larson, DB and Cohen, HJ and Blazer, DG}, Title = {The relationship between religious activities and blood pressure in older adults.}, Journal = {Int J Psychiatry Med}, Volume = {28}, Number = {2}, Pages = {189-213}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {0091-2174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9724889}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between religious activities and blood pressure in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD: Blood pressure and religious activities were assessed in a probability sample of 3,963 persons age sixty-five years or older participating in the Duke EPESE survey. Participants were asked if their doctor had ever informed them that they had high blood pressure and if they were currently taking medication for high blood pressure. After the interview, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured following a standardized protocol. Data were available for three waves of the survey (1986, 1989-90, and 1993-94). Analyses were stratified by age (65-74 vs. over 75) and by race (Whites vs. Blacks) and were controlled for age, race, gender, education, physical functioning, body mass index, and, in longitudinal analyses, blood pressure from the previous wave. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed small (1-4 mm Hg) but consistent differences in measured systolic and diastolic blood pressures between frequent (once/wk) and infrequent (< once/wk) religious service attenders. Lower blood pressures were also observed among those who frequently prayed or studied the Bible (daily or more often). Blood pressure differences were particularly notable in Black and younger elderly, in whom religious activity at one wave predicted blood pressures three years later. Among participants who both attended religious services and prayed or studied the Bible frequently, the likelihood of having a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher was 40 percent lower than found in participants who attended religious services infrequently and prayed or studied the Bible infrequently (OR 0.60, 95% CI, 0.48-0.75, p < .0001). Among participants told they had high blood pressure, religiously active persons were more likely to be taking their blood pressure medication; this could not, however, explain the differences in blood pressure observed. While most religious activity was associated with lower blood pressure, those who frequently watched religious TV or listened to religious radio actually had higher blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS: Religiously active older adults tend to have lower blood pressures than those who are less active. This applies to attendance at religious services and private religious activities, but not to religious media. Physiological mechanisms are discussed.}, Doi = {10.2190/75JM-J234-5JKN-4DQD}, Key = {fds255970} } @article{fds255996, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Self and Identity in Later Life: Protecting and Enhancing the Self}, Journal = {Journal of Aging and Identity}, Volume = {3}, Pages = {133-152}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds255996} } @article{fds255997, Author = {Schmader, K and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Pieper, CF}, Title = {Racial and Psychosocial Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster in the Elderly}, Journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, Volume = {178}, Pages = {S567-S600}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {0022-1899}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9852978}, Abstract = {The effects of black race and psychologic stress on the risk of acquiring herpes zoster in late life were examined. Subjects were participants of a stratified probability sample of community-dwelling persons > or = 65 years old. A comprehensive health survey was administered in 1986-1987 (P1), 1989-1990 (P2), and 1992-1994 (P3). Incident cases of zoster between P1 and P2 and P2 and P3 served as the dependent variables. Hypothesis-testing variables included race, negative life events, and measures of social support. Control variables included age, sex, education, cancer, other chronic diseases, hospitalization, activities of daily living, self-rated health, depression, and cigarette smoking. From P1 to P2, 1.4% of black and 3.4% of white subjects developed zoster (P < .001). From P2 to P3, 2.9% of black and 7.5% of white subjects developed zoster (P < .001). After controlling for variables, black subjects were significantly less likely to develop zoster than were white subjects (adjusted odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.26, 0.53; P = .0001). Most measures of stress were not significantly related to zoster; however, study limitations preclude definitive conclusions.}, Key = {fds255997} } @article{fds255998, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Dignity and Quality of Life in Old Age}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontological Social Work}, Volume = {29}, Pages = {39-52}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds255998} } @article{fds255999, Author = {Swartz, MS and Wagner, HR and Swanson, JW and Burns, BJ and George, LK and Padgett, DK}, Title = {Comparing Use of Public and Private Mental Health Services: The Enduring Barriers of Race and Age}, Journal = {Community Mental Health Journal}, Volume = {34}, Pages = {133-143}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds255999} } @article{fds256000, Author = {Hays, JC and Krishnan, KR and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Age of first onset of bipolar disorder: demographic, family history, and psychosocial correlates.}, Journal = {Depress Anxiety}, Volume = {7}, Number = {2}, Pages = {76-82}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {1091-4269}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9614596}, Abstract = {The literature suggests that bipolar elders with early and late onset of the disorder present with different demographic, family history, and psychosocial profiles, which are less well characterized than those for elderly unipolar patients. In this cross-sectional clinical survey, we assessed subjects (n = 74) from the NIMH Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Later Life at Duke University who had a consensus diagnosis of bipolar depression; the primary assessment instrument was the Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule. We found that bipolar subjects with later age of onset reported less family history of psychiatric problems, more comorbid vascular disease, and more instrumental and subjective social support. Stressful life events were more frequent among bipolar subjects with earlier age of depressive symptom onset. This study suggests that early-onset disorder may be characterized by a psychosocial component, whereas organic factors may be particularly important to late-onset bipolar disorder.}, Doi = {10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)7:2<76::aid-da5>3.0.co;2-3}, Key = {fds256000} } @article{fds256001, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Cohen, HC and Hays, JC and Blazer, DG and Larson, DB}, Title = {The Relationship Between Religious Activities and Cigarette Smoking in Older Adults}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences}, Volume = {53A}, Number = {6}, Pages = {M418-M423}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {1079-5006}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823746}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between religious activities and cigarette smoking in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Cigarette smoking and religious activities were assessed in a probability sample of 3968 persons age 65 years or older participating in the Duke Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) survey. Participants were asked if they currently smoked, if they ever smoked, and how many cigarettes per day they smoked. Attendance at religious services, participation in private religious activities (prayer or Bible study), and use of religious media (religious TV or radio) were also assessed. Data were available for Waves I-III of the survey (1986, 1989, and 1992). Analyses were controlled for age, race, sex, education, alcohol use, physical health, and in the longitudinal analyses, smoking status at prior waves. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed that participants who frequently attended religious services were significantly less likely to smoke cigarettes at all three waves. Likewise, elders frequently involved in private religious activity were less likely to smoke (Waves II and III). Total number of pack-years smoked was also inversely related to both attendance at religious services and private religious activities. Watching religious TV or listening to religious radio, on the other hand, was not related to smoking at Waves I and II nor to total pack-years smoked, but was positively related to current smoking at Wave III. Among those who smoked, number of cigarettes smoked was inversely related to frequency of attendance at religious services (Wave I), private religious activities (Wave III), and religious TV/radio (Waves II and III). Retrospective and prospective analyses revealed that religiously active persons were less likely to ever start smoking, not more likely to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Religiously active persons are less likely to smoke cigarettes, and if they do smoke, smoke fewer cigarettes. Given the association between smoking and disease, and the widespread prevalence of both smoking and religious activity, this finding has implications for public health.}, Key = {fds256001} } @article{fds256003, Author = {Koenig, HG and Larson, DB and Hays, JC and McCullough, ME and George, LK and Branch, PS and Meador, KG and Kuchibhatla, M}, Title = {Religion and Survival of 1010 Male Veterans Hospitalized with Medical Illness}, Journal = {Journal of Religion and Health}, Volume = {37}, Number = {1}, Pages = {15-29}, Year = {1998}, Abstract = {Objective: To examine the effects of religious affiliation and religious coping on survival of acutely-hospitalized medically-ill male veterans following discharge. Sample and Methods: Between 1987 and 1989, comprehensive psychosocial and physical-health evaluations were performed on a consecutive sample of 1010 patients ages 20-39 and 65-102 years admitted to the general medicine and neurology services of the Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. Religious affiliation and religious coping (the degree to which a patient relied on his religious faith for comfort and strength) were among the variables assessed. Subjects or surviving family members were contacted by telephone in 1996-97 to determine vital status; dates of death were confirmed by the Veterans Administration's Beneficiary Identification and Records Locator Subsystem (BIRLS), death certificate, or the National Death Index. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to model the effects of religious variables on time to death, controlling for demographic, social, psychiatric, and physical-health covariates. Results: Follow-up was obtained on all 1010 patients. During the observation period, 673 patients died. While a higher proportion of conservative Protestants than members of other religious groups died during this time (70.5% vs. 64.3%, p = .04), the association disappeared once covariates were controlled. Religious coping was unrelated to survival in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (hazard ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Conclusions: Neither religious affiliation nor dependence on religion as a coping behavior predicted survival in this sample of medically-ill male veterans. Several reasons for the absence of an effect are explored, notably the fact that the mortality force exerted by age, medical diagnosis, and severity of physical-health problems overwhelmed the weaker effects of psychosocial variables.}, Key = {fds256003} } @article{fds256004, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK}, Title = {Depression and physical disability outcomes in depressed medically ill hospitalized older adults.}, Journal = {Am J Geriatr Psychiatry}, Volume = {6}, Number = {3}, Pages = {230-247}, Year = {1998}, ISSN = {1064-7481}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9659956}, Abstract = {The authors examined depression/disability outcomes in hospitalized older medical patients during the year after hospital discharge to assess the pattern and rate of changing depression and disability, the causal relationship between these variables, and to identify patients at greatest risk for poor outcomes. A group of 119 medical patients at Duke Hospital were both depressed and disabled; they were followed for a median of 47 weeks after hospital discharge. Time-series analyses showed that depression and disability tended to track together, and most changes occurred within the first 6 months after discharge. Blacks were more likely to remit from depression despite continued disability and less likely to experience continued depression despite decreased disability. Patients with a history of depression were less likely to experience improvement in depression unless disability improved. Number of medical diagnoses and depression severity independently predicted poorer depression outcomes. Certain characteristics of patients during hospitalization predict depression/disability outcomes after discharge.}, Doi = {10.1097/00019442-199808000-00006}, Key = {fds256004} } @article{fds255949, Author = {Hays, JC and Krishnan, KR and George, LK and Pieper, CF and Flint, EP and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Psychosocial and physical correlates of chronic depression.}, Journal = {Psychiatry Res}, Volume = {72}, Number = {3}, Pages = {149-159}, Year = {1997}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0165-1781}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9406904}, Abstract = {This study used a case-control design to address differences in psychosocial, physical and clinical profiles between subjects who presented with a chronic index episode of major depression and those who presented with a non-chronic index episode. Subjects were adult patients participating in the Duke University Mental Health Clinical Research Center (MHCRC) for the Study of Depression in Later Life. Cases (N = 88) who reported duration of depressive symptoms lasting > or = 24 months at enrollment were compared to controls (N = 354) who reported symptoms lasting 1-12 months. The groups were compared with respect to selected demographic and clinical variables, physical function deficits, medical comorbidity, social support constructs and number of recent stressful life events. Social support and physical health were more relevant to chronicity of major depressive illness than were severity of illness or family history. Older age (> 60 years) intensified the deleterious effect of recent negative life events and reduced the deleterious effect of functional impairment on chronic major depression. These findings require special emphasis where treatment for chronic major depression is divorced from considerations of the social environment and functional capacity.}, Doi = {10.1016/s0165-1781(97)00105-4}, Key = {fds255949} } @article{fds256005, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Peterson, BL and Pieper, CF}, Title = {Depression in medically ill hospitalized older adults: prevalence, characteristics, and course of symptoms according to six diagnostic schemes.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {154}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1376-1383}, Year = {1997}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9326819}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare rates of depression, correlates, and course of symptoms in medically ill hospitalized elders through use of six diagnostic schemes (inclusive, etiologic, exclusive-inclusive, exclusive-etiologic, substitutive-inclusive, and substitutive-etiologic). METHOD: A consecutive series of 460 cognitively unimpaired patients aged 60 or over who were admitted to the medical inpatient services of Duke Hospital underwent a structured psychiatric evaluation administered by a psychiatrist. Patients with depression were contacted by telephone at 12-week intervals after discharge to assess weekly change in depressive symptoms (median follow-up time = 47 weeks). RESULTS: The prevalence of major depression varied from 10% to 21% depending on diagnostic scheme; similarly, minor depression varied from 14% to 25%. Diagnostic strategy made little difference in known psychological and health characteristics of patients with depression (predictive validity) or severity of depressive symptoms (convergent validity). The diagnostic strategy that best distinguished a severe and persistent major depression was the exclusive-etiologic approach; however, this strategy missed 49% of patients with major depression identified by the inclusive approach, almost 60% of whom continued to experience persistent symptoms of depression many weeks after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic strategy affects rates of major and minor depression, with about a twofold difference between the extremes. There is little reason, however, to choose one diagnostic scheme over another in all cases. Diagnostic strategy should be chosen on the basis of the specific goals and purposes of the examiner. While the exclusive-etiologic approach identifies the most severe and persistent depressions, the inclusive approach is the most sensitive and reliable approach and is an intermediate predictor of persistent depression.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.154.10.1376}, Key = {fds256005} } @article{fds304772, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Meador, KG}, Title = {Use of antidepressants by nonpsychiatrists in the treatment of medically ill hospitalized depressed elderly patients.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {154}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1369-1375}, Year = {1997}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9326818}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine antidepressant use by nonpsychiatrists in the treatment of depressed elderly medical inpatients. METHOD: Patients aged 60 or older who were admitted to medical services at Duke Hospital were evaluated by a geropsychiatrist who used a structured psychiatric interview to identify major or minor depressive disorder. Medical records of depressed patients were reviewed for use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines before admission, during hospitalization, and on discharge. After discharge, depressed patients were contacted four times by telephone at 12-week intervals to inquire about medication use (median follow-up time = 45 weeks). RESULTS: Of 153 depressed patients, 40.5% received antidepressants at some time during their hospital stay or follow-up period, 25.5% received only benzodiazepines, and 34.0% received neither. The most commonly prescribed antidepressant was amitriptyline (45.2% of treated patients), administered at an average maximum dose of 49 mg/day. Only 15 of 114 untreated depressed patients started antidepressant therapy during hospitalization (nine with amitriptyline). Of 91 depressed patients who did not receive antidepressants either before admission or during hospitalization, only 11% received any antidepressant therapy during the median 11-month follow-up; again, half were treated with amitriptyline at doses of 10-30 mg/day. Intensity of antidepressant therapy was predicted by severity of depressive symptoms, history of psychiatric problems, and higher income. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively low proportion of depressed older medical inpatients receive treatment with antidepressants. Patients treated with antidepressants often receive potentially dangerous tertiary tricyclics at inadequate doses. Unless depression is identified and treated during medical hospitalization, it is unlikely to be treated adequately after discharge.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.154.10.1369}, Key = {fds304772} } @article{fds256009, Author = {Golding, JM and Cooper, ML and George, LK}, Title = {Sexual assault history and health perceptions: seven general population studies.}, Journal = {Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association}, Volume = {16}, Number = {5}, Pages = {417-425}, Year = {1997}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0278-6133}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997XY26600002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {This article uses data from 7 population surveys to evaluate the association of sexual assault history with health perceptions. It estimates the extent of generalizability across gender, ethnic groups, and studies; the extent to which depression accounts for or mediates the association; and whether some circumstances of assault are more strongly related to poor subjective health. Data from each of 18 subsamples of the surveys were analyzed (pooled N = 10,001; 7,550 women and 2,451 men), and results were combined by using meta-analysis. Assault was associated with poor subjective health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.95) and this result was consistent regardless of gender, ethnicity, or sample. Controlling depression did not markedly change this result (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.77), indicating that depression did not account for or mediate the assault-health perceptions association. Multiple assaults and assaults by strangers or spouse were most strongly associated with poor subjective health.}, Doi = {10.1037//0278-6133.16.5.417}, Key = {fds256009} } @article{fds256008, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Choosing among Established Assessment Tools: Scientific Demands and Practical Constraints}, Journal = {Generations}, Volume = {21}, Number = {1}, Pages = {32-36}, Year = {1997}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0738-7806}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1997WU92400009&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds256008} } @article{fds255971, Author = {Koenig, HG and Cohen, HJ and George, LK and Hays, JC and Larson, DB and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Attendance at religious services, interleukin-6, and other biological parameters of immune function in older adults.}, Journal = {Int J Psychiatry Med}, Volume = {27}, Number = {3}, Pages = {233-250}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0091-2174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9565726}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: First, to examine and explain the relationship between religious service attendance and plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and second, to examine the relationship between religious attendance and other immune-system regulators and inflammatory substances. METHODS: During the third in-person interview (1992) of the Establishment of Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) project, Duke site, 1718 subjects age sixty-five or over had blood drawn for analysis of immune regulators and inflammatory factors, including IL-6 measurements. IL-6 was examined both as a continuous variable and at a cutoff of 5 pg/ml. Information on attendance at religious services was available from the 1992 interview and two prior interviews (1986 and 1989). RESULTS: Religious attendance was inversely related to high IL-6 levels (> 5 pg/ml), but not to IL-6 measured as a continuous variable. Bivariate analyses revealed that high religious attendance in 1989 predicted a lower proportion of subjects with high IL-6 in 1992 (beta-.10, p = .01) High religious attendance in 1992 also predicted a lower proportion of subjects with high IL-6 levels in 1992 (beta-.14, p = .0005). When age, sex, race, education, chronic illnesses, and physical functioning were controlled, 1989 religious attendance weakened as a predictor of high IL-6 (beta-.07, p = .10), but 1992 religious attendance retained its effect (beta-.10, p = .02). When religious attenders were compared to non- attenders, they were only about one-half as likely to have IL-6 levels greater than 5 ng/ml (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.84, p < .005). Religious attendance was also related to lower levels of the immune-inflammatory markers alpha-2 globulin, fibrin d-dimers, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes. While controlling for covariates weakened most of these relationships, adjusting analyses for depression and negative life events had little effect. CONCLUSIONS: There is a weak relationship between religious attendance and high IL-6 levels that could not be explained by other covariates, depression, or negative life events. This finding provides some support for the hypothesis that older adults who frequently attend religious services have healthier immune systems, although mechanism of effect remains unknown.}, Doi = {10.2190/40NF-Q9Y2-0GG7-4WH6}, Key = {fds255971} } @article{fds256006, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Meador, KG}, Title = {Use of Antidepressants by Non-Psychiatrists in the Treatment of Hospitalized Medically Ill Depressed Elderly Patients}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {154,}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1369-1375}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9326818}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine antidepressant use by nonpsychiatrists in the treatment of depressed elderly medical inpatients. METHOD: Patients aged 60 or older who were admitted to medical services at Duke Hospital were evaluated by a geropsychiatrist who used a structured psychiatric interview to identify major or minor depressive disorder. Medical records of depressed patients were reviewed for use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines before admission, during hospitalization, and on discharge. After discharge, depressed patients were contacted four times by telephone at 12-week intervals to inquire about medication use (median follow-up time = 45 weeks). RESULTS: Of 153 depressed patients, 40.5% received antidepressants at some time during their hospital stay or follow-up period, 25.5% received only benzodiazepines, and 34.0% received neither. The most commonly prescribed antidepressant was amitriptyline (45.2% of treated patients), administered at an average maximum dose of 49 mg/day. Only 15 of 114 untreated depressed patients started antidepressant therapy during hospitalization (nine with amitriptyline). Of 91 depressed patients who did not receive antidepressants either before admission or during hospitalization, only 11% received any antidepressant therapy during the median 11-month follow-up; again, half were treated with amitriptyline at doses of 10-30 mg/day. Intensity of antidepressant therapy was predicted by severity of depressive symptoms, history of psychiatric problems, and higher income. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively low proportion of depressed older medical inpatients receive treatment with antidepressants. Patients treated with antidepressants often receive potentially dangerous tertiary tricyclics at inadequate doses. Unless depression is identified and treated during medical hospitalization, it is unlikely to be treated adequately after discharge.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.154.10.1369}, Key = {fds256006} } @article{fds256007, Author = {Swanson, JW and Swartz, MS and George, LK and Burns, BJ and Hiday, VA and Borum, R and Wagner, HR}, Title = {Interpreting the effectiveness of involuntary outpatient commitment: a conceptual model.}, Journal = {J Am Acad Psychiatry Law}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {5-16}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1093-6793}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148879}, Abstract = {Many experimental trials of community mental health interventions fail to develop testable conceptual models of the specific mechanisms and pathways by which relevant outcomes may occur, thus falling short of usefully interpreting what happens inside the experimental "black box." This paper describes a conceptual model of involuntary outpatient commitment (OPC) for persons with severe and persistent mental disorders. The model represents an attempt to "unpack" the effects of OPC by incorporating several interacting variables at various stages. According to this model, court-mandated outpatient treatment may improve long-term outcomes both directly and indirectly in several ways: by stimulating case management efforts, mobilizing supportive resources, improving individual compliance with treatment in the community, reducing clients' psychiatric symptoms and dangerous behavior, improving clients' social functioning, and finally by reducing the chance of illness relapse and rehospitalization. A randomized clinical trial of OPC is underway in North Carolina that will test the direct and indirect effects suggested by this model, using longitudinal data from the multiple perspectives of mental health clients, family members, and case managers.}, Key = {fds256007} } @article{fds256010, Author = {Swartz, MS and Burns, BJ and George, LK and Swanson, J and Hiday, VA and Borum, R and Wagner, HR}, Title = {The ethical challenges of a randomized controlled trial of involuntary outpatient commitment.}, Journal = {J Ment Health Adm}, Volume = {24}, Number = {1}, Pages = {35-43}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {0092-8623}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9033154}, Abstract = {Involuntary outpatient commitment (OPC) is a civil justice procedure intended to enhance compliance with community mental health treatment, to improve functioning, and to reduce recurrent dangerousness and hospital recidivism. The research literature on OPC indicates that it appears to improve outcomes in rates of rehospitalization and length of stay. However, all studies to date have serious methodological limitations because of selection bias; lack of specification of target populations; unclear operationalization of OPC; unmeasured variability in type, frequency, and intensity of treatment; as well as other confounding factors. To address limitations in these studies, the authors designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of OPC, combined with community-based case management, which is now under way in North Carolina. This article describes ethical dilemmas in designing and implementing an RCT of a legally coercive intervention in community-based settings. These ethical dilemmas challenge the experimental validity of an RCT but can be successfully addressed with careful planning and negotiation.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF02790478}, Key = {fds256010} } @article{fds256013, Author = {Koenig, HG and Hays, JC and George, LK and Blazer, DG and Larson, DB and Landerman, LR}, Title = {Modeling the cross-sectional relationships between religion, physical health, social support, and depressive symptoms.}, Journal = {Am J Geriatr Psychiatry}, Volume = {5}, Number = {2}, Pages = {131-144}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1064-7481}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9106377}, Abstract = {The authors examined models of the relationships between religious activities, physical health, social support, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 4,000 persons age 65 and over. Religious activity was examined first as a single composite construct and then split into three component variables that were examined individually. Religious activity as a single construct was correlated with both social support and good physical health but was unrelated to depression. Split into the three components, model fit was significantly increased. Frequency of church attendance was positively related to physical health and negatively related to depression, but was surprisingly unrelated to social support. Frequent churchgoers were about half as likely to be depressed. Private prayer/Bible reading was negatively correlated with physical health and positively correlated with social support, but unrelated to depression. Religious TV/radio listening was unrelated to social support, negatively related to good physical health, and, unexpectedly, positively associated with depression.}, Doi = {10.1097/00019442-199700520-00006}, Key = {fds256013} } @article{fds303874, Author = {George, LK and Koenig, HG and Hays, JC and Blazer, D and Larson, DB and Landerman, LR}, Title = {Modeling the Cross-sectional Relationships Between Religion, Physical Health, Social Support, and Depressive Symptoms}, Journal = {American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Number = {5}, Pages = {131-144}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Year = {1997}, ISSN = {1545-7214}, Key = {fds303874} } @article{fds256012, Author = {Steffens, DC and Hays, JC and George, LK and Krishnan, KR and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of number of previous depressive episodes in the depressed elderly.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {39}, Number = {2}, Pages = {99-106}, Year = {1996}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0165-0327}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8827418}, Abstract = {Age of onset has been used as a correlate of depressive symptomatology in the elderly. Examining frequency of episodes may improve our ability to make such correlations. The authors studied variations in an index presentation of depression in late life based on the number of previous depressive episodes. Having more than two previous episodes (as compared to two or less) was related to younger age, early age of onset, dysthymia, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, slowed thoughts, suicidal ideation, generalized anxiety, and decreased perceptions of social support. In a logistic regression model, significant predictors of more than two previous episodes were young age, early age of onset, dysthymia, suicidality, and lower perceived social support. Patients with many episodes may be at higher risk for more severe illness and may require more aggressive treatment.}, Doi = {10.1016/0165-0327(96)00019-5}, Key = {fds256012} } @article{fds255928, Author = {Schmader, KE and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Pieper, CF and Hamilton, JD}, Title = {Reply}, Journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, Volume = {174}, Number = {1}, Pages = {240-241}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1996}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0022-1899}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1996UT46800041&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1093/infdis/174.1.240}, Key = {fds255928} } @article{fds346661, Author = {Dworkin, RH}, Title = {Racial differences in herpes zoster and age at onset of varicella.}, Journal = {J Infect Dis}, Volume = {174}, Number = {1}, Pages = {239-241}, Year = {1996}, Month = {July}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/174.1.239}, Doi = {10.1093/infdis/174.1.239}, Key = {fds346661} } @article{fds256011, Author = {Davidson, JR and Hughes, DC and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {The association of sexual assault and attempted suicide within the community.}, Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, Volume = {53}, Number = {6}, Pages = {550-555}, Year = {1996}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8639039}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lifetime community rates of attempted suicide were compared between those who reported a history of sexual assault and a control group without such a history. METHODS: The 2918 respondents in the Duke University Epidemiological Catchment Area Study were placed into groups with reported sexual assault (n = 67) and those with no known history of such (n = 2851). Multivariate and bivariate procedures were used to examine the relation between sexual assault and attempted suicide. RESULTS: Subjects reporting a history of sexual assault were more likely to be female, younger, and to report higher rates of lifetime suicide attempt and post-traumatic stress symptoms; no differences were found in the number of chronic medical disorders, major depression, substance abuse or substance dependence, or panic attacks. Nine (14.9%) of the 67 index group subjects reported a suicide attempt, 4 of whom reported their first sexual assault as occurring before age 16 years. A sexual assault history was associated with increased prevalence of lifetime suicide attempt after controlling for sex, age, education, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and psychiatric disorder. Findings were similar in the female-only subsample (n = 1778). For women, the odds of attempting suicide was 3 to 4 times greater when the first reported sexual assault occurred prior to age 16 years compared with age 16 years or older. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual assault is associated with an increased lifetime rate of attempted suicide. In women, a history of sexual trauma before age 16 years is a particularly strong correlate of attempted suicide.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830060096013}, Key = {fds256011} } @article{fds256015, Author = {Svetkey, LP and George, LK and Tyroler, HA and Timmons, PZ and Burchett, BM and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Effects of gender and ethnic group on blood pressure control in the elderly.}, Journal = {Am J Hypertens}, Volume = {9}, Number = {6}, Pages = {529-535}, Year = {1996}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0895-7061}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8783776}, Abstract = {In order to determine the adequacy of blood pressure treatment in black and white elderly men and women, the authors performed a cross-sectional population survey in Central North Carolina in 1986-1987. Participants included a random sample of noninstitutionalized individuals age 65 years or older. Blacks were oversampled. A health questionnaire was administered, and blood pressure was measured. Of 5,223 eligible persons, 4,162 (80%) participated. Fifty-four percent of subjects were black and 65% were women. Sixteen percent of the study subjects were white men, 30% white women, 19% black men, and 35% black women. The mean age was 73 years. Fifty-three percent had hypertension. Among hypertensives, 80.8% were taking blood pressure medication. Among treated hypertensives, blood pressure was adequately controlled, (measured diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or lower) in 85.6%. Women were 52% more likely than men and blacks were 40% less likely than whites to exhibit adequate blood pressure control. Older age and smoking were also associated with better blood pressure control. The authors conclude that hypertension is more likely to be controlled in elderly women than men and less likely to be well-controlled in elderly blacks than whites. The choice of antihypertensive agent may also be important. Further investigation is needed into the mechanisms accounting for the observed sex and race differences.}, Doi = {10.1016/0895-7061(96)00026-x}, Key = {fds256015} } @article{fds256016, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Missing links: the case for a social psychology of the life course.}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {36}, Number = {2}, Pages = {248-255}, Year = {1996}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8920096}, Abstract = {The major purpose of this discussion is to demonstrate that the knowledge base has suffered as a result of insufficient cross-fertilization of social-psychological and life course/aging perspectives. The central focus of the article is identification of research issues of interest to life course and aging scholars that would be enriched by increased attention to social-psychological principles and, conversely, identification of social-psychological research topics that would be advanced by increased attention to life course and aging issues.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/36.2.248}, Key = {fds256016} } @article{fds256014, Author = {Clipp, EC and Moore, MJ and George, LK}, Title = {The Content and Properties of the Caregiver Activities Time Survey (CATS): An Outcome Measure for Use in Clinical Trials Research on Alzheimers Disease}, Journal = {American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease}, Volume = {11}, Number = {6}, Pages = {3-9}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {1996}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153331759601100602}, Abstract = {The Caregiver Activities Time Survey (CATS) was developed in 1990, pilot tested and revised twice before its use in a long-term study of Mentane® (velnacrine maleate), conducted by Hoechst Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc. (currently Hoechst Marion Roussel Pharmaceuticals). The instrument yields ratio level data and, by relying on caregivers' reports of minutes per task, is more objective and theoretically less ambiguous than other subjective ratings. Overall alpha of the informal scale is. 51 suggesting modest internal consistency which is not surprising given that caregiving tasks are more discrete than items on scales presumed to tap one dimension. Test-retest reliability of individual items suggests good reproducibility of scores over a J0-week period Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by the strong relationships shown between the CATS and several measures of cognitive functioning. Longitudinal data support the CATS'sensitivity to change in disease severity. Ratings by a panel of experts suggest very good to excellent content validity of both informal caregiving andformal or paid caregiving CATS scales.}, Doi = {10.1177/153331759601100602}, Key = {fds256014} } @article{fds256017, Author = {Krishnan, KR and Hays, JC and Tupler, LA and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Clinical and phenomenological comparisons of late-onset and early-onset depression.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {152}, Number = {5}, Pages = {785-788}, Year = {1995}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7726320}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the relationship between age at onset of first depressive episode and clinical features in elderly depressed patients. METHOD: They used data on age at onset and clinical features in 246 elderly depressed patients treated at the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Later Life, located at Duke University. RESULTS: Two variables--loss of interest and number of depressive episodes--were related to age at onset in all analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the hypothesis that apathy is more prominent in late-onset than in early-onset depression.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.152.5.785}, Key = {fds256017} } @article{fds256018, Author = {Swartz, MS and Burns, BJ and Hiday, VA and George, LK and Swanson, J and Wagner, HR}, Title = {New directions in research on involuntary outpatient commitment.}, Journal = {Psychiatr Serv}, Volume = {46}, Number = {4}, Pages = {381-385}, Year = {1995}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {1075-2730}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7788461}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Involuntary outpatient commitment has been used as a method of improving tenure in community programs for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. This paper reviews literature on research about involuntary outpatient commitment and suggests questions and methods for future research. METHODS: Literature describing research studies of involuntary outpatient commitment, located by searching MEDLINE and following up references cited in relevant articles, was reviewed with attention to patient characteristics and diagnostic, treatment, and outcomes measures. RESULTS: Involuntary outpatient commitment appears to provide limited but improved outcomes in rates of rehospitalization and lengths of hospital stay. Variability in community treatment makes interpretation of other types of outcome difficult. Few studies specifically identify results among patients with severe and persistent mental illness. CONCLUSIONS: No studies have examined the extent to which outpatient commitment affects compliance and treatment when essential community services such as case management are consistently and aggressively provided, nor have studies controlled for potentially confounding factors such as treatment and nontreatment effects, including informal coercion. A randomized trial of involuntary outpatient commitment should be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of this type of intervention.}, Doi = {10.1176/ps.46.4.381}, Key = {fds256018} } @article{fds255947, Author = {Schmader, K and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Pieper, CF and Hamilton, JD}, Title = {Racial differences in the occurrence of herpes zoster.}, Journal = {J Infect Dis}, Volume = {171}, Number = {3}, Pages = {701-704}, Year = {1995}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0022-1899}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7876622}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine if there are racial differences in the occurrence of herpes zoster (shingles). The study population was the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, a probability sample of community-dwelling persons > 64 years old in North Carolina. Interviewers administered a comprehensive health survey to the participants that included questions about lifetime occurrence of shingles. Of the 3206 subjects, 316 (9.9%) had had zoster: 81 (4.5%) of 1754 blacks and 235 (16.1%) of 1452 whites had had shingles (P < .0001). After controlling for age, cancer, and demographic factors, blacks remained one-fourth as likely as whites (adjusted odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.35; P = .0001) to have experienced zoster. In summary, blacks had a significantly lower risk of developing herpes zoster than whites, a new finding in herpes zoster epidemiology.}, Doi = {10.1093/infdis/171.3.701}, Key = {fds255947} } @article{fds256020, Author = {Koenig, HG and Linda George and K and Robins, CJ and Stangl, D and Tweed, DL}, Title = {The development of a dysfunctional attitudes scale for medically ill elders (dasmie)}, Journal = {Clinical Gerontologist}, Volume = {15}, Number = {2}, Pages = {3-22}, Publisher = {The Haworth Press}, Year = {1995}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0731-7115}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J018v15n02_02}, Abstract = {Objective: In this paper we developed a scale to measure dysfunctional attitudes in medically ill elderly, examined its test characteristics, and explored associations with other health variables. Sample and Methods: Eight items were selected from Weissman and Beck’s Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale based on factor loadings from an earlier analysis of the scale. Twenty-two additional items, based on information learned from elderly patients during a pilot study and the clinical experience of a geropsychiatrist and cognitive therapist, were added to create a 30-item scale called DASMIE. The scale was administered to 92 consecutive vatients aged 60 or over admitted to the general medicine, cardiology, and neurology services of a university teaching hospital. It was then factor analyzed and its test characteristics determined Individual items and total scale score was next correlated with depressive symptoms (CES-D); relationships between total score and functional disability, cognitive status, medical diagnosis, insurance status, sex, race, and religiosity were also examined. Results: Dysfunctional attitudes were prevalent in this population. Over half (54%) strongly agreed that having to rely on others was a terrible thing; 46% strongly believed that if someone was sick and disabled, he or she could only be a burden on others; 24% felt that until their physical condition improved, they could not experience pleasure; 32% strongly disagreed that they could be happy if living in a nursing home; 44% strongly indicated that it was awful to be disapproved of by people close to them; and 15% either slightly or strongly agreed that they had no special talents or abilities that would be useful to others. Factor analysis of the 30-item DASHMIE revealed nine distinct factors; internal reliability of the scale was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86). Total score was related to both depression and cognitive status. The factors "performance evaluation," "ability to function," and "approval by others" contained items that were strongly related to depression. An abbreviated 15-item DASMIE was developed to minimize respondent burden, enhance face validity, and maximize response variability. Conclusions: Dysfunctional attitudes are prevalent in this population and are associated with depression. We have developed both a standard 30-item and an abbreviated 15-item instrument to identify and track these attitudes. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.}, Doi = {10.1300/J018v15n02_02}, Key = {fds256020} } @article{fds255931, Author = {KOENIG, HG and HAYS, JC and GEORGE, LK and BLAZER, DG}, Title = {MODELING THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC ILLNESS, RELIGION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS}, Journal = {PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE}, Volume = {57}, Number = {1}, Pages = {61-61}, Publisher = {WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {1995}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1995QE07400030&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255931} } @article{fds255935, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The last half-century of aging research--and thoughts for the future.}, Journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences}, Volume = {50}, Number = {1}, Pages = {S1-S3}, Year = {1995}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {1079-5014}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7757825}, Doi = {10.1093/geronb/50b.1.s1}, Key = {fds255935} } @article{fds255832, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Age and Structural Lag: Society’s Failure to Provide Meaningful Opportunities in Work, Family, and Leisure}, Journal = {Contemporary Gerontology}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {81-83}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255832} } @article{fds255848, Author = {Schmader, K and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Pieper, CF and Hamilton, JD}, Title = {Racial Differences in the Occurrence of Herpes Zoster Journal of Infectious Diseases}, Volume = {171}, Pages = {701-704}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255848} } @article{fds255936, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Stangl, D and Tweed, DL}, Title = {Hospital stressors experienced by elderly medical inpatients: developing a Hospital Stress Index.}, Journal = {Int J Psychiatry Med}, Volume = {25}, Number = {1}, Pages = {103-122}, Year = {1995}, ISSN = {0091-2174}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7649715}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To develop a long and short version of an index to measure experiences during hospitalization perceived by elderly patients as stressful. SAMPLES AND METHODS: Consecutive patients aged sixty or over admitted to a university teaching hospital were assessed for hospital-related stressors during two separate studies. In the first study, seventy-six patients were asked an open-ended question exploring what they found most stressful about being in the hospital. Responses were grouped into major categories, and questions were developed to address concerns in each category; the resulting forty items were called the Hospital Stress Index (HSI). The HSI was then administered to a separate group of ninety-two patients; data were also collected on functional disability (impaired ADLs), dysfunctional attitudes (DAS), and depressive symptoms (CES-D). RESULTS: Spontaneously reported hospital stressors were grouped into seven categories: 1) adverse effects of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures/treatments, 2) forced life-style changes, 3) relationships with staff, 4) individual psychiatric issues, 5) understanding diagnosis/prognosis, 6) family issues, and 7) the physical environment. The largest category of stressors concerned relationships with doctors and nurses. High HSI scores were significantly more common among Whites than Blacks and among patients with high CES-D, high DAS, or impaired ADLs scores. A number of potentially modifiable hospital-related stressors and individual patient issues were identified. Finally, an abbreviated fifteen-item HSI was developed to maximize patient discriminability, highlight individual differences, and enhance the detection of modifiable stressors. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital-reported stressors may contribute to the emotional distress that elderly inpatients experience. We have developed an index to identify such stressors.}, Doi = {10.2190/30P7-D2RQ-TPGF-3WHR}, Key = {fds255936} } @article{fds256019, Author = {Landerman, LR and Burns, BJ and Swartz, MS and Wagner, HR and George, LK}, Title = {The relationship between insurance coverage and psychiatric disorder in predicting use of mental health services.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {151}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1785-1790}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7977886}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study investigated how insurance coverage for mental health services affects outpatient mental health service utilization among those with and among those without a DSM-III psychiatric diagnosis. The authors used a representative community sample to compare the regression effects of insurance coverage on utilization of mental health services among these subjects. METHOD: Data are from the second wave of the Piedmont, North Carolina, site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project. These data contain DSM-III diagnostic measures derived from the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule as well as measures of insurance coverage and utilization. Responses from 2,889 community residents were analyzed using both ordinary least squares and logistic regression. RESULTS: In both models, insurance coverage was strongly associated with care among those with as well as among those without a psychiatric disorder. The association between coverage and the probability of care was strongest among those with a disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are not consistent with the claim that failing to provide insurance coverage will reduce discretionary but not necessary mental health care utilization. They provide evidence that failing to provide insurance coverage will reduce utilization as much or more among those with a psychiatric disorder as among those without. This result has important implications for health care reform.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.151.12.1785}, Key = {fds256019} } @article{fds256022, Author = {Davidson, JR and Hughes, DC and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {The boundary of social phobia. Exploring the threshold.}, Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, Volume = {51}, Number = {12}, Pages = {975-983}, Year = {1994}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7979886}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Individuals with subthreshold social phobia (SSP) in the community are characterized relative to nonphobic, healthy controls (C), and diagnosed social phobics (SP). METHODS: Data from 1488 subjects from the Duke University Epidemiological Catchment Area Study were examined. Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to compare the SSP, SP, and C groups on 10 sets of variables. RESULTS: Compared with C respondents, SSP respondents were more likely to be female and unmarried and to report less income and education. The SSP respondents were also more likely to report work attendance problems, poor grades in school, symptoms of conduct disturbance, impaired subjective social support, lack of self-confidence, lack of a close friend, use of psychotropic drugs in past year, and a greater number of life changes, chronic medical problems, and mental health visits within the past 6 months. In a multivariate logistic regression model with group membership as the dependent variable, compared with C respondents, SSP respondents were more likely to be female, to have less education, and to report more indicators of poor school performance and symptoms of adolescent conduct disturbance. In contrast, in a similar but separate multivariate model, compared with SP respondents, SSP respondents met the criteria for fewer DSM-III psychiatric disorders and were less likely to report impaired instrumental support. CONCLUSION: Social phobia adversely affects over 10% of the population. Previous epidemiologic catchment area-based prevalence estimates have probably been unrealistically low.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950120047008}, Key = {fds256022} } @article{fds256023, Author = {Schmader, K and George, LK and Newton, R and Hamilton, JD}, Title = {The accuracy of self-report of herpes zoster.}, Journal = {J Clin Epidemiol}, Volume = {47}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1271-1276}, Year = {1994}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0895-4356}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7722563}, Abstract = {The accuracy of self-report of herpes zoster was investigated in the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly, a longitudinal study of 4162 community-dwelling elderly persons residing in North Carolina, 1986-1993. The authors compared self-reports of zoster with physician diagnosis of zoster and with a zoster verification questionnaire (ZVQ). Compared to physician diagnosis, 3.2% (95% confidence interval 0-61%) of self-reports of zoster (n = 31) were false-positive and no denials of zoster (n = 63) were false-negative. The agreement of self-reports to physician diagnosis was 98.9%, the sensitivity and negative predictive value were 100%, the specificity was 98.4% and the positive predictive value was 96.7%. The ZVQ comparisons were similarly high. These data suggest that the frequency of false-positive and false-negative reports of zoster is low in this elderly population. Zoster self-reports appear to be accurate and suitable for epidemiological investigations.}, Doi = {10.1016/0895-4356(94)90132-5}, Key = {fds256023} } @article{fds256024, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Schneider, R}, Title = {Mental health care for older adults in the year 2020: a dangerous and avoided topic.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {34}, Number = {5}, Pages = {674-679}, Year = {1994}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7959136}, Abstract = {Low Medicare reimbursement rates are already causing some mental health professionals to turn away elderly patients, restricting access to care. Where will funds come from to pay for the mental health needs of older adults in the year 2020, when 80 million baby boomers pass age 65? This cohort, in contrast to elders today, have high rates of psychiatric illness, and are also much more likely than older adults to seek mental health services. Seemingly oblivious to these trends, plans are being made to cut, rather than expand, the Medicare budget. We are projecting an increasing gap over the next 25 years between need and availability of geriatric mental health services.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/34.5.674}, Key = {fds256024} } @article{fds256030, Author = {Thompson, RJ and Gil, KM and Keith, BR and Gustafson, KE and George, LK and Kinney, TR}, Title = {Psychological adjustment of children with sickle cell disease: stability and change over a 10-month period.}, Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, Volume = {62}, Number = {4}, Pages = {856-856}, Year = {1994}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7962891}, Abstract = {Rates of poor psychological adjustment of children with sickle cell disease remained relatively constant over initial and follow-up assessment points. However, there was relatively little stability in the classification of the adjustment of individuals, low congruence in specific behavior problem patterns and diagnoses in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1980), and less stability in child adjustment by child report than by mother report. With initial levels of adjustment controlled, children's strategies for coping with pain accounted for a significant increment in child-reported symptoms (19%) and mother-reported internalizing behavior problems (8%) at follow-up beyond the contribution of illness and demographic parameters and follow-up interval. The findings suggest that children's coping strategies are a salient intervention target for enhancing adjustment.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-006x.62.4.856}, Key = {fds256030} } @article{fds256027, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Meador, KG and Blazer, DG and Dyck, PB}, Title = {Religious affiliation and psychiatric disorder among Protestant baby boomers.}, Journal = {Hosp Community Psychiatry}, Volume = {45}, Number = {6}, Pages = {586-596}, Year = {1994}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0022-1597}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8088740}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the relationship between religious affiliation and psychiatric disorder among Protestant members of the baby-boom generation (those born between 1945 and 1966) who resided in the Piedmont area of North Carolina. METHODS: Data were obtained on six-month and lifetime rates of major psychiatric disorders among 853 Protestant baby boomers during wave II of the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey, conducted in 1983-1984. Participants were grouped into three categories based on religious affiliation: mainline Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Pentecostals. Rates of disorder were compared across denominational groups, controlling for sex, race, physical health status, and socioeconomic status and stratifying by frequency of church attendance. The analyses were repeated for 1,826 middle-aged and older Protestants born between 1889 and 1944, and the results were compared with the findings for baby boomers. RESULTS: Among the baby boomers, Pentecostals had significantly higher six-month and lifetime rates of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and any DSM-III disorder. Mainline Protestants had the lowest six-month and lifetime rates of anxiety disorder and the lowest six-month rates of any DSM-III disorder, whereas conservative Protestants had the lowest six-month and lifetime rates of depressive disorder and the lowest lifetime rates of any DSM-III disorder. These relationships among baby boomers were weaker among middle-aged and older Protestants, although a new association with alcohol abuse or dependence emerged among older Pentecostals. When analyses were stratified by frequency of church attendance, associations between psychiatric disorder and Pentecostal affiliation were strongest among infrequent churchgoers, a group also unlikely to seek help from mental health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Young adult Pentecostals in the Peidmont area experienced high rates of psychiatric disorder, which was not generally true for Pentecostals who were middle aged or older. Infrequent churchgoers appeared to be at greatest risk, although they seldom sought professional help for their problems.}, Doi = {10.1176/ps.45.6.586}, Key = {fds256027} } @article{fds256031, Author = {Thompson, RJ and Gustafson, KE and George, LK and Spock, A}, Title = {Change over a 12-month period in the psychological adjustment of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.}, Journal = {J Pediatr Psychol}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {189-203}, Year = {1994}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0146-8693}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8051602}, Abstract = {Found that group rates of mother-reported and child-reported adjustment problems remained relatively constant over initial and 12-month follow-up assessment points. However, there was less stability in the classification of the adjustment of individuals, in specific behavior problem patterns and diagnoses, and in child-reported adjustment than in mother-reported adjustment. With initial level of child adjustment controlled, children's perceptions of self-worth accounted for a significant increment in child-reported symptoms and mother-reported adjustment at follow-up. Maternal distress also accounted for a significant increment in child-reported symptoms. These findings add support for the role of maternal adjustment and child self-worth in the adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis.}, Doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/19.2.189}, Key = {fds256031} } @article{fds256032, Author = {Thompson, RJ and Gil, KM and Gustafson, KE and George, LK and Keith, BR and Spock, A and Kinney, TR}, Title = {Stability and change in the psychological adjustment of mothers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease.}, Journal = {J Pediatr Psychol}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {171-188}, Year = {1994}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0146-8693}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8051601}, Abstract = {Found moderate stability in the classification of maternal adjustment in two longitudinal studies of mothers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease. In terms of the transactional stress and coping model, stable poor maternal adjustment was associated with higher levels of appraisal of daily stress and palliative coping and low levels of family supportiveness. With initial levels of maternal adjustment, demographic parameters, and follow-up interval controlled, concurrent levels of daily stress accounted for significant portions of variance in maternal adjustment at follow-up for both illness groups. In addition, illness severity, child psychological adjustment, and family conflict added significant increments to maternal adjustment at follow-up in the cystic fibrosis group. Findings are discussed in terms of a basis for subsequent intervention studies to enhance the adjustment of mothers of children with chronic illness.}, Doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/19.2.171}, Key = {fds256032} } @article{fds255918, Author = {Ellison, CG and George, LK}, Title = {Religious Involvement, Social Ties, and Social Support in a Southeastern Community}, Journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {46-46}, Publisher = {JSTOR}, Year = {1994}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0021-8294}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994NP36900004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.2307/1386636}, Key = {fds255918} } @article{fds256028, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Meador, KG and Blazer, DG and Ford, SM}, Title = {Religious practices and alcoholism in a southern adult population.}, Journal = {Hosp Community Psychiatry}, Volume = {45}, Number = {3}, Pages = {225-231}, Year = {1994}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0022-1597}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8188192}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The study examined associations between religious variables and alcohol abuse and dependence among 2,969 North Carolina residents aged 18 to 97 who participated in the 1983-1984 National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey at its Piedmont location. METHODS: Six-month and lifetime prevalence of alcohol disorders were compared among participants reporting varying levels of religious activity. Data were collected on frequency of Bible reading, prayer, and church attendance; time spent watching or listening to religious programming on television or radio; importance of religion; religious denomination; and identification as "born-again" Christians. RESULTS: Recent and lifetime alcohol disorders were less common among weekly churchgoers and those who considered themselves born again. Recent, but not lifetime, alcohol disorders were also less common among respondents who frequently read the Bible or prayed privately. Alcohol disorders were more common among those who frequently watched or listened to religious television and radio. Lifetime, but not recent, alcohol disorders were more prevalent among members of Pentecostal denominations. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal study is necessary to further clarify and explain these relationships between religious practices and alcohol disorders.}, Doi = {10.1176/ps.45.3.225}, Key = {fds256028} } @article{fds255919, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caregiver burden and well-being: an elusive distinction.}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {34}, Number = {1}, Pages = {6-7}, Year = {1994}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1994MX53500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/34.1.6}, Key = {fds255919} } @article{fds256021, Author = {Tweed, JL and George, LK and Blazer, D and Swartz, M and MacMillan, J}, Title = {Adult onset of severe and pervasive antisocial behavior: A distinct syndrome?}, Journal = {Journal of Personality Disorders}, Volume = {8}, Number = {3}, Pages = {192-202}, Publisher = {Guilford Publications}, Year = {1994}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1994.8.3.192}, Abstract = {Data from the Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study were used to determine if persons reporting a pervasive pattern of severe adult antisocial behavior always report a similar pattern of antisocial behavior in childhood. Roughly half of persons reporting severe adult antisocial behavior reported onset in adulthood. Adult onset antisocial behavior would not meet criteria for a DSM-IIIR diagnosis, yet childhood and adult onset antisocials differed little in sociodemographic factors, psychiatric comorbidity, antisocial symptom profiles, or severity of the disorder. The nosologic implications of these findings are discussed. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine if the childhood and adult onset antisocials differ with respect to risk factors, prognosis, and response to treatment; this will help in deciding whether adult onset antisocial behavior warrants a separate diagnostic caterory.}, Doi = {10.1521/pedi.1994.8.3.192}, Key = {fds256021} } @article{fds256025, Author = {Feld, S and George, LK}, Title = {Moderating Effects of Prior Social Resources on the Hospitalizations of Elders Who Become Widowed}, Journal = {Journal of Aging and Health}, Volume = {6}, Number = {3}, Pages = {275-295}, Year = {1994}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089826439400600301}, Abstract = {In a prospective design, the effects of social resources before widowhood on changes in subsequent hospitalizations were compared for 86 married elders who became widowed over a 2-year period and 86 matched elders who remained married. Subjects were from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (Duke). Hospitalizations were used as an indicator of a serious health outcome whose report was unlikely to be biased by a widowed person's emotional state. The hypothesis that perceptions of inadequate social support from persons other than the spouse would exacerbate the effects of bereavement on hospitalizations was supported for elders who lacked close friends with whom to talk about private matters while still married; believing that no relative would provide such support and dissatisfaction with support tended to have the same effect. Inadequacies in social embeddedness (few contacts with friends, relatives, or children and being childless) had no significant moderating or main effects on change in hospitalizations.}, Doi = {10.1177/089826439400600301}, Key = {fds256025} } @article{fds256026, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Multidimensional Assessment Instruments: Present Status and Future Prospects}, Journal = {Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {353-375}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds256026} } @article{fds256029, Author = {Ellison, CG and George, LK}, Title = {Religious Involvement, Social Ties, and Social Support in a Southeastern Community}, Journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion}, Volume = {33}, Pages = {46-61}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds256029} } @article{fds256034, Author = {Salive, ME and Collins, KS and Foley, DJ and George, LK}, Title = {Predictors of nursing home admission in a biracial population.}, Journal = {American journal of public health}, Volume = {83}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1765-1767}, Year = {1993}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.83.12.1765}, Abstract = {Racial differences in predictors of institutionalization were studied in a biracial North Carolina cohort (n = 4074). During 3 years of follow-up, 8.5% of Whites and 6.4% of African Americans were admitted to nursing homes. African Americans were one half as likely as Whites to be institutionalized after adjustment for other risk factors. Among Whites, impaired activities of daily living and cognition were the strongest predictors; among African Americans, impaired instrumental activities of daily living and prior history of nursing home use were strongest. Racial differences in nursing home use were not explained by financial and social support or physical and cognitive impairment.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.83.12.1765}, Key = {fds256034} } @article{fds256036, Author = {Davidson, JR and Hughes, DL and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {The epidemiology of social phobia: findings from the Duke Epidemiological Catchment Area Study.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Volume = {23}, Number = {3}, Pages = {709-718}, Year = {1993}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0033-2917}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8234577}, Abstract = {Social phobia was studied in a North Carolina community, using DSM-III criteria. Two kinds of comparison were made: social phobia v. non-social phobia, and comorbid social phobia v. non-comorbid social phobia. Six-month and lifetime prevalence rates were 2.7 and 3.8% respectively. Social phobia had an early onset, lasted a long time and rarely recovered. Predictors of good outcome recovery in a logistic regression analysis were onset of phobia after age 11, absence of psychiatric comorbidity and greater education. The disorder was often missed in medical consultation. Increased rates of psychiatric comorbidity existed, especially for other anxiety disorders and for schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. There was increased risk of neurological disorder. Social phobia was also associated with an increased rate of suicide attempts, antisocial behaviour and impaired school performance during adolescence, impaired medical health, increased health-seeking behaviour, poor employment performance, reduced social interaction and impaired social support. Comorbidity accounted for some, but not all observed differences.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291700025484}, Key = {fds256036} } @article{fds256037, Author = {Clipp, EC and George, LK}, Title = {Dementia and cancer: a comparison of spouse caregivers.}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {33}, Number = {4}, Pages = {534-541}, Year = {1993}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8375684}, Abstract = {Can prominent themes that have emerged in dementia caregiving research be extrapolated to caregivers of persons with other chronic illnesses such as cancer? To answer this question, the present study compared 272 spouse caregivers of dementia sufferers with 30 spouse caregivers of cancer victims on multiple indicators of well-being. Group contrasts using MANOVA revealed that dementia caregivers were more adversely affected by their role than cancer caregivers. Illness duration and caregivers' employment status did not help to explain this difference, yet caregiver age was a robust covariate. Specifically, younger spouse caregivers were significantly more compromised than older spouse providers.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/33.4.534}, Key = {fds256037} } @article{fds256033, Author = {Regier, DA and Farmer, ME and Rae, DS and Myers, JK and Kramer, M and Robins, LN and George, LK and Karno, M and Locke, BZ}, Title = {One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States and sociodemographic characteristics: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study.}, Journal = {Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica}, Volume = {88}, Number = {1}, Pages = {35-47}, Year = {1993}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0001-690X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03411.x}, Abstract = {The associations between the one-month prevalence rates of mental disorders and sociodemographic characteristics were investigated for 18,571 people interviewed in the first-wave community samples of all 5 sites in the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Men were found to have a significantly higher rate of cognitive impairment than women after controlling for the effects of age, race or ethnicity, marital status and socioeconomic status. Marital status was one of the most powerful correlates of mental disorder risk: the odds of separated or divorced people having any NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule disorder were twice that of married people after controlling for age, gender, race or ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The odds of those in the lowest socioeconomic status group having any Diagnostic Interview Schedule disorder was about 2.5 times that of those in the highest socioeconomic status group, controlling for age, gender, race or ethnicity and marital status. For all disorders except cognitive impairment, race or ethnicity did not remain statistically significant after controlling for age, gender, marital status and socioeconomic status.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03411.x}, Key = {fds256033} } @article{fds304771, Author = {Mathew, RJ and Wilson, WH and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Psychiatric disorders in adult children of alcoholics: data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {150}, Number = {5}, Pages = {793-800}, Year = {1993}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8480827}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in individuals who did or did not have alcoholic parents. METHOD: They used data from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project, specifically from the Piedmont of North Carolina. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was estimated in 408 ECA participants who reported problem drinking in their mother, their father, or both and in 1,477 age- and sex-matched subjects who did not report having alcoholic parents. RESULTS: The adult children of alcoholics showed significantly higher current (6-month) prevalence rates of simple phobia and agoraphobia and lifetime rates of dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, simple phobia, and agoraphobia. Adult children of alcoholics also had significantly more antisocial symptoms. Male children of alcoholics had higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse and reported more antisocial symptoms than did female children of alcoholics. Male children of alcoholics had a significantly higher rate of lifetime diagnoses of alcohol and drug abuse than men who were not children of alcoholics. More female children of alcoholics had generalized anxiety disorder than women who were not children of alcoholics. Both male and female children of alcoholics had significantly more antisocial symptoms than their matched comparison subjects. Sons of alcoholic fathers had a higher rate of substance abuse and more antisocial symptoms than did daughters of alcoholic fathers. Daughters of alcoholic fathers had a higher rate of generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These data on adult children of alcoholics in a large community sample add to a literature based mainly on descriptive material or studies of smaller samples.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.150.5.793}, Key = {fds304771} } @article{fds256041, Author = {Greenfield, SF and Swartz, MS and Landerman, LR and George, LK}, Title = {Long-term psychosocial effects of childhood exposure to parental problem drinking.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {150}, Number = {4}, Pages = {608-613}, Year = {1993}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8465878}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The effects of childhood exposure to parental problem drinking remain unclear because of inconsistent findings and methodologic difficulties in previous studies. The authors used a large community sample to examine whether exposure to parental problem drinking in childhood was related to a greater number of psychiatric symptoms and impaired social and occupational functioning in adulthood. METHOD: The study used self-report data from the Piedmont Health Survey, a project of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program, which were collected from a stratified random sample of 2,936 adults residing in a five-county catchment area in North Carolina. The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to measure the subjects' lifetime psychiatric symptoms. Social and occupational functioning were assessed with two scales measuring social support, a scale measuring occupational prestige, and an occupational problem index. Regression analyses were used to determine whether exposure to parental problem drinking in childhood was associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. RESULTS: Adults who had been exposed to parental problem drinking in childhood were more likely to manifest psychiatric symptoms and marital instability, but they showed no difference from the rest of the sample in occupational functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to parental problem drinking in childhood is positively associated with specific adverse effects in adulthood even after controlling for other confounding childhood risk factors.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.150.4.608}, Key = {fds256041} } @article{fds256047, Author = {Weinberger, M and Gold, DT and Divine, GW and Cowper, PA and Hodgson, LG and Schreiner, PJ and George, LK}, Title = {Expenditures in caring for patients with dementia who live at home.}, Journal = {Am J Public Health}, Volume = {83}, Number = {3}, Pages = {338-341}, Year = {1993}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8438969}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Given the national interest in progressive dementia, we estimated expenditures incurred in caring for dementia patients who live at home. METHODS: Primary caregivers of 264 patients from a university-based memory disorders clinic were interviewed at baseline and asked to keep service use diaries for 6 months; 141 caregivers who returned the diaries are the focus of this report. We examined both formal and informal services (distinguished by whether money was exchanged) and associated expenditures. RESULTS: Neither caregivers returning diaries nor their patients differed at baseline from those not returning diaries and their patients. Expenditures incurred over 6 months were extensive for both formal ($6986) and informal ($786) services. Out-of-pocket expenditures were high (e.g., in-home companion or sitter, adult day care, visiting nurse). Multivariable analyses indicated that patients with more severe symptoms of dementia and families with higher incomes reported significantly higher expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: The expense of caring for patients with progressive dementia living at home may be higher than previously estimated and frequently involves expenses paid directly by patients and their families.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.83.3.338}, Key = {fds256047} } @article{fds256043, Author = {Weinberger, M and Gold, DT and Divine, GW and Cowper, PA and Hodgson, LG and Schreiner, PJ and George, LK}, Title = {Social service interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia: impact on health care utilization and expenditures.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {41}, Number = {2}, Pages = {153-156}, Year = {1993}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8426038}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: An intervention, which had as its primary goal the enhancement of compliance to social work recommendations, was shown to produce extremely high rates of compliance. This report addresses the secondary objective of the study: to evaluate the impact of the intervention on short-term (ie, 6-month) health services utilization and expenditures. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University-based memory disorders clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Caregivers of patients with progressive memory disorders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Service utilization and expenditures. RESULTS: The intervention did not have a statistically significant impact on utilization of either health care or community resources. The intervention group had $903 less expenditures during the study period, a difference that did not achieve statistical significance. The results were consistent when controlling for caregiver characteristics that differed at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although the intervention was successful in enhancing compliance with recommendations, more intensive interventions may be required to increase subsequent service utilization. Future investigations may wish to target the appropriateness of services used over a period longer than 6 months.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb02050.x}, Key = {fds256043} } @article{fds256035, Author = {Koenig, MDMSHG and Ford, MDSM and George, PDLK and Blazer, MDPDDG and Meador, MDTMKG}, Title = {Religion and anxiety disorder: An examination and comparison of associations in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults}, Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders}, Volume = {7}, Number = {4}, Pages = {321-342}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0887-6185}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(93)90028-J}, Abstract = {We examined and compared associations between religious variables and anxiety disorders in 1025 young (ages 18 to 39), 645 middle-aged (ages 40 to 59), and 1299 elderly (ages 60 to 97) community-dwelling adults who participated in Wave II of the Piedmont NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey. Religious variables included church attendance, prayer and Bible reading, religious TV viewing, importance of religion, religious denomination, and "born again" status. Both six-month (recent) and life-time anxiety disorders were examined. All analyses were controlled for sex, chronic illnesses, recent negative life events, and socioeconomic status using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. In young adults, rates of anxiety disorder were lower among frequent church attenders, mainline Protestants, and those considering themselves "born again". On the other hand, anxiety disorder was more frequent among younger adults affiliated with fundamentalist Pentecostal religious groups, those with no religious affiliation, and frequent religious TV viewers or radio listeners. Among middle-age adults, social phobia was less common among frequent church attenders and those considering themselves "born again", although these differences disappeared when social support was controlled for. As reported elsewhere, there was no relationship between religion and anxiety disorder in older adults. These findings suggest a pattern of both positive and negative relationships between religion and anxiety disorder that is most evident among uoung adults age 18 to 39, and weakens with age as dynamic factors increase the complexity of these relationships. © 1993.}, Doi = {10.1016/0887-6185(93)90028-J}, Key = {fds256035} } @article{fds256046, Author = {Svetkey, LP and George, LK and Burchett, BM and Morgan, PA and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Black/white differences in hypertension in the elderly: an epidemiologic analysis in central North Carolina.}, Journal = {Am J Epidemiol}, Volume = {137}, Number = {1}, Pages = {64-73}, Year = {1993}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0002-9262}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8434574}, Abstract = {Hypertension in blacks, compared with whites, occurs at higher prevalence rates, is more severe, and carries a worse prognosis for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The authors examined the degree to which black/white differences in hypertension in the elderly are explained by demographic variables, income, health behavior (smoking, obesity), health service use, and comorbid diabetes. The study population consisted of subjects participating in the Duke site of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, initiated in 1984. Cross-sectional data reported here were collected between January 1986 and July 1987. Subjects were aged 65 years or older and were not institutionalized. Blacks were oversampled. Of 5,223 eligible persons, 4,163 (80%) agreed to be interviewed; 16% of the study subjects were white men, 30% white women, 19% black men, and 35% black women. The mean age for all groups was approximately 73 years. Forty-four percent of white men, 52% of white women, 50% of black men, and 66% of black women had hypertension. Eighty percent of hypertensives were receiving pharmacologic therapy. Older age, female sex, lower socioeconomic status, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were associated with hypertension. After adjusting for covariables, black race/ethnicity remained an independent risk factor for high blood pressure in the elderly, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.30.}, Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116603}, Key = {fds256046} } @article{fds256038, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Blazer, DG and Pritchett, JT and Meador, KG}, Title = {The Relationship between Religion and Anxiety in a Sample of Community-Dwelling Older Adults}, Journal = {Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {26}, Number = {1}, Pages = {65-93}, Year = {1993}, Abstract = {The relationship between religion and anxiety was examined in a sample of 1299 adults age 60 or over participating in Wave II of the Piedmont NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey. Religious variables included church attendance, prayer and Bible reading, religious TV viewing, importance of religion, religious denomination, and 'born again' status. Uncontrolled analyses indicated that anxiety symptoms were negatively related to church attendance, but positively related to religious TV viewing, 'born again' status, and Pentacostal or conservative affiliations. When sociodemographic and health factors were controlled, however, these associations lost their significance. Uncontrolled rates of anxiety disorder (6-month and lifetime) also tended to be higher among elders who frequently prayed or read the Bible, and simple phobia was more common among Pentacostals and conservative Protestants; again, however, when socioeconomic status, number of chronic illnesses, sex, and recent life events were taken into account, these differences disappeared. Based upon largely cross-sectional data and relatively limited measures of religiosity, we conclude that there is no relationship between religion and anxiety in later life. Dynamic factors possibly masking significant relationships are discussed.}, Key = {fds256038} } @article{fds256039, Author = {Koenig, HG and Westlund, RE and George, LK and Hughes, DC and Blazer, DG and Hybels, C}, Title = {Abbreviating the Duke Social Support Index for use in chronically ill elderly individuals.}, Journal = {Psychosomatics}, Volume = {34}, Number = {1}, Pages = {61-69}, Year = {1993}, ISSN = {0033-3182}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8426892}, Abstract = {The 35-item Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) measures multiple dimensions of social support and has been used extensively in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of aging. Epidemiological studies of chronically ill, frail elderly individuals often wish to include a measure of social support. However, most multidimensional measures (including the DSSI) are long and may exhaust the patient, especially when included in an often already congested interview schedule. The authors have developed two abbreviated versions of the DSSI (23-item and 11-item) that capture the essential components of social support related to mental health outcomes and use of health services in treating elderly individuals with nonpsychiatric medical illness.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0033-3182(93)71928-3}, Key = {fds256039} } @article{fds256040, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociological Perspectives on Life Transitions}, Journal = {Annual Review of Sociology}, Volume = {19}, Number = {1}, Pages = {353-373}, Publisher = {ANNUAL REVIEWS}, Year = {1993}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.002033}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.002033}, Key = {fds256040} } @article{fds256042, Author = {Mathew, RJ and Wilson, WH and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Psychiatric Disorders in Individuals with Alcoholic Parents: An Epidemiologic Enquiry}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {150}, Number = {5}, Pages = {793-800}, Year = {1993}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8480827}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in individuals who did or did not have alcoholic parents. METHOD: They used data from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project, specifically from the Piedmont of North Carolina. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was estimated in 408 ECA participants who reported problem drinking in their mother, their father, or both and in 1,477 age- and sex-matched subjects who did not report having alcoholic parents. RESULTS: The adult children of alcoholics showed significantly higher current (6-month) prevalence rates of simple phobia and agoraphobia and lifetime rates of dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, simple phobia, and agoraphobia. Adult children of alcoholics also had significantly more antisocial symptoms. Male children of alcoholics had higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse and reported more antisocial symptoms than did female children of alcoholics. Male children of alcoholics had a significantly higher rate of lifetime diagnoses of alcohol and drug abuse than men who were not children of alcoholics. More female children of alcoholics had generalized anxiety disorder than women who were not children of alcoholics. Both male and female children of alcoholics had significantly more antisocial symptoms than their matched comparison subjects. Sons of alcoholic fathers had a higher rate of substance abuse and more antisocial symptoms than did daughters of alcoholic fathers. Daughters of alcoholic fathers had a higher rate of generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These data on adult children of alcoholics in a large community sample add to a literature based mainly on descriptive material or studies of smaller samples.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.150.5.793}, Key = {fds256042} } @article{fds256044, Author = {Wright, LK and Clipp, EC and George, LK}, Title = {Health Consequences of Caregiver Stress}, Journal = {Medicine Exercise, Nutrition, and Health}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {181-195}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds256044} } @article{fds256045, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Depression Disorders and Symptoms in Later Life}, Journal = {Generations}, Volume = {17}, Pages = {35-38}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds256045} } @article{fds256049, Author = {Meador, KG and Koenig, HG and Hughes, DC and Blazer, DG and Turnbull, J and George, LK}, Title = {Religious affiliation and major depression.}, Journal = {Hosp Community Psychiatry}, Volume = {43}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1204-1208}, Year = {1992}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-1597}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1459541}, Abstract = {Data from the Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey were used to examine the relationship between religious affiliation and major depression among 2,850 adults in the community. Religious affiliations were categorized into six groups: mainline Protestant (27 percent), conservative Protestant (59 percent), Pentecostal (4.2 percent), Catholic (2.4 percent), other religions (2.6 percent), and no affiliation (4.4 percent). The six-month prevalence of major depression among Pentecostals was 5.4 percent, compared with 1.7 percent for the entire sample. Even after psychosocial factors such as gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, negative life events, and social support were controlled for, the likelihood of major depression among Pentecostals was three times greater than among persons with other affiliations. Carefully designed studies are needed to understand the complex interactions of religion and mental health.}, Doi = {10.1176/ps.43.12.1204}, Key = {fds256049} } @article{fds256052, Author = {Hanlon, JT and Fillenbaum, GG and Burchett, B and Wall, WE and Service, C and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Drug-use patterns among black and nonblack community-dwelling elderly.}, Journal = {Ann Pharmacother}, Volume = {26}, Number = {5}, Pages = {679-685}, Year = {1992}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {1060-0280}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1591430}, Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare drug-use patterns among black and nonblack community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Five-county urban and rural region in Piedmont, NC. PARTICIPANTS: Stratified probability household sample of 4164 community residents aged 65 or older from the Piedmont Health Survey of the Elderly (65 percent women, 54 percent black, mean age 73.56 +/- 6.74 y). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of medication use and mean drug use; therapeutic medication category use. RESULTS: Data were weighted to represent the population in this geographic area. Fewer blacks reported the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and total medications than did nonblacks (66 vs. 76 percent and 88 vs. 92 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001). Compared with nonblacks, blacks reported using a lower mean number of prescription (2.02 vs. 2.35; p less than 0.001), OTC (1.12 vs. 1.42; p less than 0.001), and total (3.14 vs. 3.77; p less than 0.001) drugs. The therapeutic medication categories varied by race for prescription cardiovascular, analgesic, and central nervous system (CNS) drugs and OTC nutritional supplements. More nonblacks than blacks reported the use of analgesics (62.5 vs. 55.6 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001), CNS drugs (26.1 vs. 14.2 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001), nutritional supplements (27.5 vs. 16.9 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001), and gastrointestinal agents (29.0 vs. 23.5 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001). Blacks were more likely to report problems in managing their medications than were nonblacks (9.0 vs. 6.1 percent, respectively; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that there are distinct racial differences in medication-use patterns among the elderly.}, Doi = {10.1177/106002809202600514}, Key = {fds256052} } @article{fds256051, Author = {George, LK and Winfield, I and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Sociocultural Factors in Sexual Assault: Comparison of Two Representative Samples of Women}, Journal = {Journal of Social Issues}, Volume = {48}, Number = {1}, Pages = {105-125}, Publisher = {Wiley}, Year = {1992}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0022-4537}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01160.x}, Abstract = {<jats:p>In previous research, the lifetime prevalence of sexual assault among U.S. women ranges from less than 15% to more than 50%. Much of this variability is due to methodological differences across studies, but some of the inconsistency may be substantively meaningful, reflecting the effects of social context on the risk of sexual assault. This paper provides a profile of sexual assault victims from a representative sample of urban and rural southern women. The profile includes information about the prevalence and characteristics of sexual assault, demographic correlates, self‐reported effects of sexual assault, and sources of help seeking. This profile is compared with results from a representative, urban, and ethnically diverse sample of sexual assault victims in Los Angeles. Differences across and within the samples highlight the effects of social context on the risk, correlates, and consequences of sexual assault.</jats:p>}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01160.x}, Key = {fds256051} } @article{fds256048, Author = {Blazer, D and Hughes, DC and George, LK}, Title = {Age and impaired subjective support. Predictors of depressive symptoms at one-year follow-up.}, Journal = {J Nerv Ment Dis}, Volume = {180}, Number = {3}, Pages = {172-178}, Year = {1992}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0022-3018}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1588335}, Abstract = {We followed a cohort of subjects (predominantly inpatients) suffering a major depressive episode in midlife and late-life for 1 year (N = 118). In this follow-up study, we examined three hypotheses. a) Elder subjects suffering major depression, compared with middle-aged subjects, will more likely report endogenous symptoms and less likely report decreased life satisfaction symptoms at 1-year follow-up. b) Impaired social support during the index episode will predict poor life satisfaction, but not endogenous symptoms at 1-year follow-up, regardless of age. c) Impaired social support during the index episode will be more predictive of decreased life satisfaction symptoms in midlife, compared with late life, at 12-month follow-up. The first two hypotheses were not supported, but the third hypothesis was. Both decreased life satisfaction and endogenous symptoms at outcome were significantly predicted by impaired social support during the index episode. Impaired social support predicted a poor outcome from an episode of major depression in both middle life and late life in controlled analyses. However, the effect of impaired subjective social support was conditional on age. Subjective social support appears to have a decreasing influence on the report of both endogenous and decreased life satisfaction symptoms for older individuals.}, Key = {fds256048} } @article{fds256050, Author = {Clipp, EC and George, LK}, Title = {Patients with cancer and their spouse caregivers. Perceptions of the illness experience.}, Journal = {Cancer}, Volume = {69}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1074-1079}, Year = {1992}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0008-543X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1735074}, Abstract = {This study focuses on patterns of response between patients with cancer and their spouse caregivers to examine the reliability of spouse informants in research and clinical settings. Thirty dyads (patient with cancer-spouse caregiver couples; total n = 60) were interviewed concurrently in their homes concerning patient functioning, psychologic distress, physical symptoms, caregiver perceptions of patient functioning, and marriage quality. Couples had been married an average of 32 years. Patients had either the lung or colon as their primary cancer site, and one third had metastasis. Correlations between 14 variable pairs and cross-tabulation of scale scores suggest that spouse caregivers agree with patients on objective measures with observable referents (e.g., ability to dress independently). Partners disagree on subjective aspects of patient functioning (e.g., depression, fear of future, and confidence in treatment) and marriage quality. Almost without exception, caregivers viewed patients' functioning more negatively than patients described themselves. Patients, however, viewed marital quality more negatively than did caregivers. It was concluded that caregivers can serve as proxies for patients with cancer in research and clinical settings when objective data are sought. Data from both spouses are needed, however, to complete the picture of subjective illness experiences in patients with cancer, including perceptions of pain and disease symptoms.}, Doi = {10.1002/1097-0142(19920215)69:4<1074::aid-cncr2820690440>3.0}, Key = {fds256050} } @article{fds288502, Author = {George, LK and Hanlon, JT and Fillenbaum, GG and Burchett, B and Wall, Jr., WE and Service, C and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Drug Use Patterns in Black and Non-black Community Dwelling Elderly.}, Journal = {The Annals of Pharmacotherapy}, Number = {26}, Pages = {679-685}, Year = {1992}, Key = {fds288502} } @article{fds255885, Author = {Adelman, RC and George, LK}, Title = {Response to the Institute of Medicine report, "Extending Life, Enhancing Life: A National Research Agenda on Aging." The Gerontological Society of America.}, Journal = {Journal of gerontology}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Pages = {i-ii}, Year = {1991}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1991GN52400001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255885} } @article{fds256054, Author = {Blazer, D and Burchett, B and Service, C and George, LK}, Title = {The association of age and depression among the elderly: an epidemiologic exploration.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Pages = {M210-M215}, Year = {1991}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1834726}, Abstract = {Advanced age among the elderly has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for depression, yet extant data do not uniformly support this hypothesis. The paucity of sufficiently large and representative samples of both the young-old and old-old and the failure to control for critical variables known to confound the association between advanced age and depression have prevented testing this hypothesis. The Duke EPESE (Establishment of a Population for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly) assessed 3,998 community-dwelling elders (65+) for depressive symptoms using a modified version of the CES-D and relevant control variables. Depressive symptoms were associated in bivariate analysis with increased age, being female, lower income, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and social support. In a multiple regression analysis, the association of age and depressive symptoms reversed when the above confounding variables were simultaneously controlled. The oldest old suffered fewer depressive symptoms when factors associated with both increased age and depressive symptoms were taken into account. Because many of these factors can be prevented (such as decreased income, physical disability, and social support), the uncontrolled association between age and depressive symptoms can potentially be modified.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/46.6.m210}, Key = {fds256054} } @article{fds256056, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Emery, CF and Madden, DJ and Schniebolk, S and Walsh-Riddle, M and George, LK and McKee, DC and Higginbotham, MB and Cobb, FR and Coleman, RE}, Title = {Long-term effects of exercise on psychological functioning in older men and women.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {46}, Number = {6}, Pages = {P352-P361}, Year = {1991}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1940092}, Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological, behavioral, and cognitive changes associated with up to 14 months of aerobic exercise training. For the first 4 months of the study, 101 older (greater than 60 years) men and women were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Aerobic exercise, Yoga, or a Waiting List control group. Before and following the intervention, all subjects completed a comprehensive assessment battery, including measures of mood and cognitive functioning. A semi-crossover design was employed such that, following completion of the second assessment, all subjects completed 4 months of aerobic exercise and underwent a third assessment. Subjects were given the option of participating in 6 additional months of supervised aerobic exercise (14 months total), and all subjects, regardless of their exercise status, completed a fourth assessment. Results indicated that subjects experienced a 10-15% improvement in aerobic capacity. In general, there were relatively few improvements in cognitive performance associated with aerobic exercise, although subjects who maintained their exercise participation for 14 months experienced improvements in some psychiatric symptoms. However, the healthy subjects in this study were functioning at a relatively high level to begin with, and exercise training may produce greater improvements among elderly with concomitant physical or emotional impairments.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/46.6.p352}, Key = {fds256056} } @article{fds256057, Author = {Landerman, R and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Adult vulnerability for psychiatric disorders: interactive effects of negative childhood experiences and recent stress.}, Journal = {J Nerv Ment Dis}, Volume = {179}, Number = {11}, Pages = {656-663}, Year = {1991}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-3018}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1940888}, Abstract = {The effects of negative childhood experiences on adult psychiatric status remain unclear because of inconsistent findings in previous studies. In this study, we examine the extent to which parental separation/divorce before the age of 10, parental death before the age of 10, and self-reports of parental mental illness during early childhood interact with recent stressful life events to increase the probability of multiple psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms during adulthood. Data are from a stratified random sample of 3801 adults residing in a five-county catchment area in North Carolina. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to measure psychiatric disorders and symptoms during the 6 months prior to the interview. Regression analyses were used to determine whether negative childhood experiences interact with recent stressful life events to increase the probability of psychiatric disorders or symptoms, with other risk factors statistically controlled. Results suggest that: a) parental mental illness increases the likelihood that stressful life events will result in depression, although it is unclear whether this increased vulnerability is due to genetic or environmental factors; b) parental separation/divorce interacts with stressful life events to increase vulnerability to alcohol problems and psychiatric disorders more generally; and c) parental death does not interact with recent events to affect the likelihood of psychiatric problems.}, Key = {fds256057} } @article{fds256058, Author = {Davidson, JR and Hughes, D and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: an epidemiological study.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Volume = {21}, Number = {3}, Pages = {713-721}, Year = {1991}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0033-2917}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1946860}, Abstract = {Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Among 2985 subjects, the lifetime and six month prevalence figures for PTSD were 1.30 and 0.44% respectively. In comparison to non-PTSD subjects, those with PTSD had significantly greater job instability, family history of psychiatric illness, parental poverty, child abuse, and separation or divorce of parents prior to age 10. PTSD was associated with greater psychiatric comorbidity and attempted suicide, increased frequency of bronchial asthma, hypertension, peptic ulcer and with impaired social support. Differences were noted between chronic and acute PTSD on a number of measures, with chronic PTSD being accompanied by more frequent social phobia, reduced social support and greater avoidance symptoms.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291700022352}, Key = {fds256058} } @article{fds256060, Author = {George, LK and Clipp, EC}, Title = {Subjective Components of Aging Well}, Journal = {Generations}, Volume = {15}, Pages = {57-60}, Year = {1991}, Month = {June}, Key = {fds256060} } @article{fds256059, Author = {Swartz, M and Landerman, R and George, LK and Melville, ML and Blazer, D and Smith, K}, Title = {Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agents: prevalence and correlates of use in a southern community.}, Journal = {Am J Public Health}, Volume = {81}, Number = {5}, Pages = {592-596}, Year = {1991}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1673048}, Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agents are the most widely prescribed psychotherapeutic drugs in the United States today. Recent evidence, however, suggests that their use may be decreasing. METHODS: We examine the population prevalence and correlates of use of benzodiazepine anxiolytics at the Duke site of the NIMH-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area project. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis of use patterns for the drugs revealed demographic predictors similar to those reported in previous studies: increased likelihood of use by the elderly, Whites, women, the less educated, and the separated or divorced. Use is also associated with symptoms of psychic distress, negative life events, use of health care services, and diagnoses of affective disorder, agoraphobia with panic, and panic disorder. Age, sex, race, education, and marital status remain associated with non-hypnotic benzodiazepine use in a logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Multivariate analyses of these data indicate that when potential confounding factors are controlled, age, sex, race, education, and marital status are significantly related to benzodiazepine anxiolytic use but the effects of sex and education are mediated by intervening variables. Implications of these findings are discussed particularly in relation to high levels of use in the elderly.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.81.5.592}, Key = {fds256059} } @article{fds256061, Author = {Blazer, D and George, L and Winfield, I}, Title = {Epidemiologic data and planning mental health services. A tale of two surveys.}, Journal = {Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol}, Volume = {26}, Number = {1}, Pages = {21-27}, Year = {1991}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783576}, Abstract = {The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (ECA) is the most comprehensive community and institutionalized epidemiologic data base currently available for mental health service planning. In this report, the authors compare the ECA with a previous community survey used to plan mental health services--the Stirling County Study--in terms of conceptual framework, research design, results and implementation of service planning. Familiarity with the Stirling County Study can inform users of ECA data regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the ECA data for health services research.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF00783576}, Key = {fds256061} } @article{fds256053, Author = {Adelman, RC and George, LKRTTIOMR}, Title = {Extending Life, Enhancing Life: A National Research Agenda on Aging.}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology}, Volume = {46}, Pages = {i-ii}, Year = {1991}, Key = {fds256053} } @article{fds256055, Author = {Saltz, CC and Eisenberg, M and Fillenbaum, GG and George, LK}, Title = {Functional Status and Service Use among Community-Based Spinal Cord-Injured Male Veterans}, Journal = {NeuroRehabilitation}, Volume = {1}, Number = {4}, Pages = {25-35}, Publisher = {IOS Press}, Editor = {Frank, RG}, Year = {1991}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/NRE-1991-1405}, Abstract = {A national study of community-based spinal cord-injured male veterans was conducted by telephone interviews using a modified version of the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) Questionnaire (developed at Duke University). The final sample included 719 veterans showing varying degrees of impairment in five levels of functioning: social resources (29.5%), economic resources (40.9%), mental health (19.1%), physical health (62.5%), and activities of daily living (54.5%). Compared to representative community samples of elderly men, aging spinal cord-injured veterans are at greater risk of impairment in four of five dimensions of functioning and are more likely to have impairments in multiple dimensions. More than 90% used supportive devices and prostheses, transportation, and medical services. Two-thirds used homemaker-household services, and approximately one-half used personal care, checking, and meal preparation services. A larger proportion of spinal cord-injured male veterans used services than did older men in two other samples, reflecting greater impairments in functioning as well as the existence of multiple chronic conditions five or more years after injury.}, Doi = {10.3233/NRE-1991-1405}, Key = {fds256055} } @article{fds256062, Author = {George, LK and Gold, DT}, Title = {Life Course Perspectives on Intergenerational and Generational Connections}, Journal = {Marriage and Family Review}, Volume = {16}, Number = {1-2}, Pages = {67-88}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1991}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J002v16n01_04}, Doi = {10.1300/J002v16n01_04}, Key = {fds256062} } @article{fds256064, Author = {Turnbull, JE and George, LK and Landerman, R and Swartz, MS and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Social outcomes related to age of onset among psychiatric disorders.}, Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, Volume = {58}, Number = {6}, Pages = {832-839}, Year = {1990}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0022-006X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2292633}, Abstract = {Analyses are presented that examine the impact of a diagnosis of affective disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance abuse before and after age 20 on multiple measures of education, socioeconomic and employment status, childbearing, marital status, and instability in a random sample (N = 3,000) of community respondents from the Piedmont Health Survey. Results indicate that all categories are associated with social outcomes regardless of age of onset, particularly for marital and family outcomes. For socioeconomic outcomes, the correlates of anxiety disorder are more pervasive, and the effects of a substance abuse diagnosis are stronger for early onset.}, Doi = {10.1037//0022-006x.58.6.832}, Key = {fds256064} } @article{fds256063, Author = {Broadhead, WE and Blazer, DG and George, LK and Tse, CK}, Title = {Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey.}, Journal = {JAMA}, Volume = {264}, Number = {19}, Pages = {2524-2528}, Year = {1990}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0098-7484}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2146410}, Abstract = {We describe the relationship of depression and depressive symptoms to disability days and days lost from work in 2980 participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study in North Carolina after 1 year of follow-up. Compared with asymptomatic individuals, persons with major depression had a 4.78 times greater risk of disability (95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 13.88), and persons with minor depression with mood disturbance, but not major depression, had a 1.55 times greater risk (95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.40). Because of its prevalence, individuals with minor depression were associated with 51% more disability days in the community than persons with major depression. This group was also at increased risk of having a concomitant anxiety disorder or developing major depression within 1 year. We conclude that the threshold for identifying clinically significant depression may need to be reevaluated to include persons with fewer symptoms but measurable morbidity. Only by changing our nosology can the societal impact of depression be adequately addressed.}, Doi = {10.1001/jama.1990.03450190056028}, Key = {fds256063} } @article{fds255906, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caregiver stress studies--there really is more to learn.}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {30}, Number = {5}, Pages = {580-581}, Year = {1990}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.580}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/30.5.580}, Key = {fds255906} } @article{fds255923, Author = {JACKSON, T and LYLES, KW and GEORGE, LK}, Title = {PREDICTORS OF ADL FUNCTION AFTER HIP FRACTURE}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY}, Volume = {38}, Number = {8}, Pages = {A27-A27}, Publisher = {WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {1990}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990DW50100128&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255923} } @article{fds256071, Author = {Clipp, EC and George, LK}, Title = {Caregiver needs and patterns of social support.}, Journal = {Journal of gerontology}, Volume = {45}, Number = {3}, Pages = {S102-S111}, Year = {1990}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2335732}, Abstract = {Levels of caregiver need were used to predict four patterns of continuity and change in social support over a one-year interval among 376 adults caring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease. Canonical correlation analysis was used to identify predictors of each support pattern from selected caregiver characteristics and needs (i.e., demographics, financial resources, physical and mental health, social and recreational activities, and aspects of the caregiving situation). Three significant canonical variates emerged for each type of support, instrumental and perceived adequacy of support, correctly classifying more than half of the caregiver sample. Results suggest that caregiver need does not necessarily elicit support. Needs do, however, predict several patterns of social support, the most common of which is characterized by stability (high or low support). Depending on type of support (instrumental or perceived adequacy), different configurations of predictors emerge.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/45.3.s102}, Key = {fds256071} } @article{fds255871, Author = {Winfield, I and George, LK and Swartz, M and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Sexual assault and psychiatric disorders among a community sample of women.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {147}, Number = {3}, Pages = {335-341}, Year = {1990}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.3.335}, Abstract = {The authors examined the relationships between sexual assault and psychiatric disorders in a sample of 1,157 women 18-64 years old in the North Carolina site of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. The results suggest that sexual assault is a risk factor for a number of psychiatric disorders. In addition, several characteristics of the assault among sexual assault victims were significantly related to one or more psychiatric disorders. However, there was no clear pattern relating characteristics of the assault to the risk of specific psychiatric disorders.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.147.3.335}, Key = {fds255871} } @article{fds256069, Author = {Clipp, EC and George, LK}, Title = {Psychotropic drug use among caregivers of patients with dementia.}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {38}, Number = {3}, Pages = {227-235}, Year = {1990}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2313004}, Abstract = {The majority of research on "caregiver burden" focuses on mental health consequences. These stresses are associated with psychotropic drug use among some caregivers. The purposes of this paper are to identify the correlates of psychotropic drug use among caregivers of demented older adults and to determine whether or not certain types of psychotropics (ie, antianxiety, antidepressant, and sedative/hypnotic agents) have common or unique correlates. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use among caregivers in the sample (n = 510) is substantially higher than previously reported prevalence rates in the general population and among community-dwelling elderly. Using logistic regression techniques, caregiver characteristics (eg, gender, health, relationship to the patient) rather than severity of the patient's condition emerge as predictors of antianxiety, antidepressant, and sedative/hypnotic use. The caregiver's perception of how well he or she is supported in the caregiving role emerges as an important correlate of psychotropic drug use in general and especially of antidepressant consumption. Results suggest that caregivers are a high-risk group for the development of emotional symptoms such as nervousness, exhaustion, decreased appetite, and difficulty sleeping, symptoms that may or may not constitute a psychiatric disorder. Characteristics of the caregiver, especially aspects of the support system, should be important considerations in decisions to prescribe psychotropic drugs.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb03496.x}, Key = {fds256069} } @article{fds256070, Author = {Gold, DT and Woodbury, MA and George, LK}, Title = {Relationship classification using grade of membership analysis: a typology of sibling relationships in later life.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {45}, Number = {2}, Pages = {S43-S51}, Year = {1990}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2313052}, Abstract = {The results of a comparison of two typologies of sibling relationships in old age are reported. Both analyses rely on the same data collected in individual interviews with adults over the age of 65. The first typology was constructed using constant comparative analysis; the second relied on the grade of membership (GOM) technique. This is the first time GOM has been used to create a taxonomy of human relationships based on psychosocial variables. The two typologies are compared in terms of number of types generated, the characteristics of each type, factors influencing typological construction, and the utility of empirical results. Implications for additional use of the GOM technique to study late-life sibling relations are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/45.2.s43}, Key = {fds256070} } @article{fds255903, Author = {LaCroix, AZ and Wienpahl, J and White, LR and Wallace, RB and Scherr, PA and George, LK and Cornoni-Huntley, J and Ostfeld, AM}, Title = {Thiazide diuretic agents and the incidence of hip fracture.}, Journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, Volume = {322}, Number = {5}, Pages = {286-290}, Year = {1990}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0028-4793}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1990CL19900002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Thiazide diuretic agents lower the urinary excretion of calcium. Their use has been associated with increased bone density, but their role in preventing hip fracture has not been established. We prospectively studied the effect of thiazide diuretic agents on the incidence of hip fracture among 9518 men and women 65 years of age or older residing in three communities. At base line, 24 to 30 percent of the subjects were thiazide users. In the subsequent four years, 242 subjects had hip fractures. The incidence rates of hip fracture were lower among thiazide users than nonusers in each community; the Mantel-Haenszel relative risk of hip fracture, adjusted for community and age, was 0.63 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.86). The protective effect of the use of thiazides was independent of sex, age, impaired mobility, body-mass index, and current and former smoking status; the multivariate adjusted relative risk of hip fracture was 0.68 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.94). Furthermore, the protective effect was specific to thiazide diuretic agents, since there was no association between the use of antihypertensive medications other than thiazides and the risk of hip fracture. These prospective data suggest that in older men and women the use of thiazide diuretic agents is associated with a reduction of approximately one third in the risk of hip fracture.}, Doi = {10.1056/nejm199002013220502}, Key = {fds255903} } @article{fds256065, Author = {Koenig, HG and Siegler, IC and Meador, KG and George, LK}, Title = {Religious coping and personality in later life}, Journal = {International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {5}, Number = {2}, Pages = {123-131}, Publisher = {WILEY}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0885-6230}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.930050210}, Abstract = {A stratified random subsample of 100 older adults from long‐term participants of the Second Duke Longitudinal Study was interviewed concerning how they coped with three stressful event periods. Responses to open‐ended coping questions were categorized as religious or non‐religious in nature. Mean scores on 16 personality traits were compared between religious copers. Few differences were observed in personality scores between these groups. Compared with non‐religious copers, religious copers scored lower on factor E (less aggressive or hostile, more humble, submissive); there was also a tendency towards being higher on factor G (more responsible, conscientious, and moralistic). Over a six‐year period between wave 1 and wave 4, stability or change in personality was not related to coping style. No evidence was found for negative personality traits among older religious copers that have commonly been reported in younger religious individuals. Copyright © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, Doi = {10.1002/gps.930050210}, Key = {fds256065} } @article{fds256066, Author = {Swartz, M and Blazer, D and George, L and Winfield, I}, Title = {Estimating the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in the community}, Journal = {Journal of Personality Disorders}, Volume = {4}, Number = {3}, Pages = {257-272}, Publisher = {Guilford Publications}, Year = {1990}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1990.4.3.257}, Abstract = {The authors use a new diagnostic algorithm derived from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (the DIS/Borderline Index) to identify a borderline personality disorder among 19- to 55-year-olds at the Duke site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project. A criterion score of 11 or more symptoms from the 24-item DIS/Borderline Index identifies 1.8% of the sample. The borderline diagnosis is significantly higher among females, the widowed, and the unmarried; and there is a trend toward the diagnosis in younger, non-White, urban, and poorer respondents. Extensive psychiatric comorbidity and high use of mental health services are found in the borderline group.}, Doi = {10.1521/pedi.1990.4.3.257}, Key = {fds256066} } @article{fds256067, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Gender, Age, and Psychiatric Disorders}, Journal = {Generations}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {22-27}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds256067} } @article{fds256068, Author = {Winfield, I and George, LK and Swartz, MS and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Sexual Assault and Psychiatric Disorders Among Women in a Community Population}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {147}, Pages = {335-341}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds256068} } @article{fds256072, Author = {LaCroiz, AZ and Wienpahl, J and White, LR and Wallace, RB and Scherr, PA and George, LK}, Title = {Cornoni-Huntley, J., & Ostfeld, A.M. Thiazide Diuretic Agents and the Incidence of Hip Fracture}, Journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, Volume = {322}, Pages = {286-290}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds256072} } @article{fds256073, Author = {Landerman, R and George, LK and Campbell, RT and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Alternative models of the stress buffering hypothesis.}, Journal = {Am J Community Psychol}, Volume = {17}, Number = {5}, Pages = {625-642}, Year = {1989}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0091-0562}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2627025}, Abstract = {The interactive effects of life events and social support on a DSM-III diagnosis of major depressive episode and on number of depressive symptoms were examined. Data are from a stratified random sample of 3,732 community-dwelling adults. The paper focuses on differences between linear probability models and logistic regression models with regard to the definition, detection, and interpretation of interaction effects. Results indicate that conclusions about the interaction of life events and social support are model dependent. Using a linear probability model, significant event by support interactions were observed for both depressive symptoms and major depression. Using logistic regression, which estimates interactions in terms of odds ratios, no significant event by support interactions were observed. Discussion addresses the interpretive implications of modeling interaction in terms of probability differences versus odds ratios.}, Doi = {10.1007/BF00922639}, Key = {fds256073} } @article{fds256075, Author = {Jordan, BK and Swartz, MS and George, LK and Woodbury, MA and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Antisocial and related disorders in a southern community. An application of grade of membership analysis.}, Journal = {J Nerv Ment Dis}, Volume = {177}, Number = {9}, Pages = {529-541}, Year = {1989}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0022-3018}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2769246}, Abstract = {Symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and of psychiatric conditions reported to be related to ASPD were subjected to grade of membership analysis, a relatively new procedure for medical classification, to identify the pure types that would empirically emerge in the absence of prior assumptions about the clustering of those symptoms. The sample consists of 914 respondents who participated in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program at the North Carolina site. Symptom and diagnostic data were obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Seven pure types emerged from the grade of membership analysis. Two pure types closely resemble the DSM-III portrait of ASPD. Two other pure types consisted of alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms and indicators of illicit drug use for recreational purposes. Only two of the symptomatic pure types were common among women. The first of these was characterized by marital instability, other domestic problems, and employment difficulties; as such this type resembles the DSM-III description of borderline and/or histrionic personality disorder. The other female pure type was characterized by multiple symptoms of depression and selected symptoms of other axis I disorders. The final pure type was characterized by an absence of psychiatric symptoms and served as a comparison group against which the symptomatic pure types were compared.}, Doi = {10.1097/00005053-198909000-00003}, Key = {fds256075} } @article{fds256076, Author = {Blumenthal, JA and Emery, CF and Madden, DJ and George, LK and Coleman, RE and Riddle, MW and McKee, DC and Reasoner, J and Williams, RS}, Title = {Cardiovascular and behavioral effects of aerobic exercise training in healthy older men and women.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {44}, Number = {5}, Pages = {M147-M157}, Year = {1989}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2768768}, Abstract = {The cardiovascular and behavioral adaptations associated with a 4-month program of aerobic exercise training were examined in 101 older men and women (mean age = 67 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to an Aerobic Exercise group, a Yoga and Flexibility control group, or a Waiting List control group. Prior to and following the 4-month program, subjects underwent comprehensive physiological and psychological evaluations. Physiological measures included measurement of blood pressure, lipids, bone density, and cardiorespiratory fitness including direct measurements of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and anaerobic threshold. Psychological measures included measures of mood, psychiatric symptoms, and neuropsychological functioning. This study demonstrated that 4 months of aerobic exercise training produced an overall 11.6% improvement in peak VO2 and a 13% increase in anaerobic threshold. In contrast, the Yoga and Waiting List control groups experienced no change in cardiorespiratory fitness. Other favorable physiological changes observed among aerobic exercise participants included lower cholesterol levels, diastolic blood pressure levels, and for subjects at risk for bone fracture, a trend toward an increase in bone mineral content. Although few significant psychological changes could be attributed to aerobic exercise training, participants in the two active treatment groups perceived themselves as improving on a number of psychological and behavioral dimensions.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/44.5.m147}, Key = {fds256076} } @article{fds256078, Author = {Tweed, JL and Schoenbach, VJ and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {The effects of childhood parental death and divorce on six-month history of anxiety disorders.}, Journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, Volume = {154}, Pages = {823-828}, Year = {1989}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0007-1250}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2597890}, Abstract = {Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) data were used to examine the relationships between: (a) early childhood maternal death, paternal death, and parental separation/divorce, and (b) six-month DIS/DSM-III diagnoses of agoraphobia with and without panic attacks, simple phobia, social phobia, panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Associations were found between: (a) maternal death and agoraphobia with panic attacks, and (b) parental separation/divorce and agoraphobia with panic attacks and panic disorder. The associations could not be explained by the effects of potentially confounding socio-demographic factors.}, Doi = {10.1192/bjp.154.6.823}, Key = {fds256078} } @article{fds256080, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, DG and Hughes, DC and Fowler, N}, Title = {Social support and the outcome of major depression.}, Journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, Volume = {154}, Pages = {478-485}, Year = {1989}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0007-1250}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2590779}, Abstract = {One hundred and fifty middle-aged and elderly adults with a diagnosis of major depression were assessed initially as in-patients, and were reinterviewed 6-32 months later. Both size of social network and subjective social support were significant predictors of depressive symptoms at follow-up, with baseline depression scores and other predictors of outcome status statistically controlled. Subjective social support was most strongly associated with major depression; this effect was significantly stronger for middle-aged than older adults, and for men than women. Differences in the effects of marital status, size of social network, and subjective social support also suggest the importance of distinguishing between involvement in and quality of interpersonal relationships.}, Doi = {10.1192/bjp.154.4.478}, Key = {fds256080} } @article{fds256074, Author = {Swartz, MS and Blazer, DG and George, LK and Winfield, I and Zakris, J and Dye, E}, Title = {Identification of borderline personality disorder with the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {146}, Number = {2}, Pages = {200-205}, Year = {1989}, Month = {February}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2643363}, Abstract = {No lay-administered interviews are currently available to identify persons with borderline personality disorder. The authors studied 79 subjects with the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), a lay-administered interview, and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients (DIB) and used the results to construct a DIS-based diagnostic index to identify borderline personality disorder. Using the clinician-administered DIB as the diagnostic standard, the authors found that the DIS borderline index had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 86.2%, and a kappa of 0.67. The DIS borderline index is a promising extension of the DIS that will facilitate studies of borderline personality disorder in clinical and community settings.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.146.2.200}, Key = {fds256074} } @article{fds256081, Author = {Sloane, P and Blazer, D and George, LK}, Title = {Dizziness in a community elderly population.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {37}, Number = {2}, Pages = {101-108}, Year = {1989}, Month = {February}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1989.tb05867.x}, Abstract = {Dizziness was studied in 1,622 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older who were interviewed as part of the Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. The lifetime prevalence of dizziness (defined as severe enough to see a physician, to take a medication, or to interfere with daily activities) was 29.3%; the 1-year prevalence was 18.2%. When the subgroup with dizziness was compared with those who never suffered dizziness, using logistic regression, four variables displayed the strongest associations: a constructed variable of risk for multiple neurosensory deficits, a cardiovascular risk score, a depression symptom inventory, and perception of self as a nervous person. In this population, dizziness was not associated with increased risk of death or institutionalization at the 1-year follow up.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1989.tb05867.x}, Key = {fds256081} } @article{fds304763, Author = {Tweed, DL and George, LK}, Title = {A more balanced perspective on 'psychiatric diagnosis as reified measurement. An invited comment on Mirowsky and Ross}, Journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior}, Volume = {30}, Number = {1}, Pages = {35-37}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {1989}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-1465}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2136910}, Doi = {10.2307/2136910}, Key = {fds304763} } @article{fds256079, Author = {Koenig, HG and Siegler, IC and George, LK}, Title = {Religious and Non-Religious Coping: Impact on Adaptation in Later Life}, Journal = {Journal of Religion and Aging}, Volume = {5}, Number = {4}, Pages = {73-94}, Publisher = {The Haworth Press}, Year = {1989}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J491v05n04_07}, Abstract = {Religious behaviors are commonly used by older persons to cope with stressful life-events and situations. In the present study, adaptation and coping were examined in a stratified random sample of 100 persons age 55 to 80 participating in the Second Duke Longitudinal Study of Aging. Twelve established social psychological measures of adaptation and coping were utilized for this purpose. Mean scores were compared between persons using religious behaviors and those using other coping behaviors. Social class, amount of life-stress experienced, and type of stressors were also compared between religious and non-religious copers. No significant difference was observed between religious and non-religious copers on any of the 12 measures of coping and adaptation. Stratifying the sample by sex did not alter these results. A small proportion of the sample (7%) were distinguished by the degree to which religion had permeated their coping behaviors and outlook on life. Despite being. © Taylor © Francis Group, LLC.}, Doi = {10.1300/J491v05n04_07}, Key = {fds256079} } @article{fds256082, Author = {Swartz, M and Landerman, R and Blazer, D and George, L}, Title = {Somatization symptoms in the community: a rural/urban comparison.}, Journal = {Psychosomatics}, Volume = {30}, Number = {1}, Pages = {44-53}, Year = {1989}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(89)72316-1}, Abstract = {Somatization is conceptualized as a bodily or somatic expression of psychic distress. Unexplained somatic symptomatology was assessed by use of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule among community respondents in the Piedmont of North Carolina participating in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Previous literature suggests that somatization is associated with rural residence, less education, lower socioeconomic class, and particular ethnicities. Through use of a multiple regression analysis, lifetime unexplained somatic-symptom counts were regressed on urban residence and other sociodemographic variables. Rural residence was not associated with somatization; rather, somatization was more common among urban residents. The urban/rural differences were greatest among women and high school graduates. Somatization was also associated with being aged 45 to 64, and being separated, widowed, or divorced; it was not associated with race. Overall, somatization was also associated with less education.}, Doi = {10.1016/S0033-3182(89)72316-1}, Key = {fds256082} } @article{fds256083, Author = {Blazer, D and Woodbury, M and Hughes, DC and George, LK and Manton, KG and Bachar, JR and Fowler, N}, Title = {A Statistical Analysis of the Classification of Depression in a Mixed Community and Clinical Sample}, Journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, Volume = {45}, Number = {1}, Pages = {977-986}, Year = {1989}, ISSN = {0165-0327}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2521645}, Abstract = {Depressive symptoms in three samples are assessed using grade-of-membership analysis to clarify the distribution of depressive symptoms across traditional affective diagnoses. The technique is used to examine whether depressive symptoms and symptoms frequently associated with depressive disorders cluster into recognizable syndromes or pure types that parallel current operational diagnoses. Three hundred and ninety subjects were studied to address the question: among a mixed population with a range of depressive symptoms, will syndromes resembling endogenous depression and demoralization emerge from the range of presentation of depressive symptoms? A single pure type is nearly identical to the DSM-III classification of major depression with melancholia. No such pure type emerged that resembled demoralization.}, Key = {fds256083} } @article{fds303920, Author = {Blazer, D and Woodbury, M and Hughes, DC and George, LK and Manton, KG and Bachar, JR and Fowler, N}, Title = {A statistical analysis of the classification of depression in a mixed community and clinical sample.}, Journal = {J Affect Disord}, Volume = {16}, Number = {1}, Pages = {11-20}, Year = {1989}, ISSN = {0165-0327}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2521645}, Abstract = {Depressive symptoms in three samples are assessed using grade-of-membership analysis to clarify the distribution of depressive symptoms across traditional affective diagnoses. The technique is used to examine whether depressive symptoms and symptoms frequently associated with depressive disorders cluster into recognizable syndromes or pure types that parallel current operational diagnoses. Three hundred and ninety subjects were studied to address the question: among a mixed population with a range of depressive symptoms, will syndromes resembling endogenous depression and demoralization emerge from the range of presentation of depressive symptoms? A single pure type is nearly identical to the DSM-III classification of major depression with melancholia. No such pure type emerged that resembled demoralization.}, Doi = {10.1016/0165-0327(89)90049-9}, Key = {fds303920} } @article{fds256088, Author = {Blazer, D and Swartz, M and Woodbury, M and Manton, KG and Hughes, D and George, LK}, Title = {Depressive symptoms and depressive diagnoses in a community population. Use of a new procedure for analysis of psychiatric classification.}, Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, Volume = {45}, Number = {12}, Pages = {1078-1084}, Year = {1988}, Month = {December}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3058087}, Abstract = {A multivariate classification technique was used to examine whether depressive symptoms and symptoms frequently associated with depressive disorders would cluster into recognizable syndromes that parallel traditional DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses. An analysis was made of all respondents in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) project of the Piedmont region of North Carolina who reported suffering from depressive symptoms (n = 406) at the second wave of the ECA study. The analysis identified five profiles of symptoms that adequately described the interrelationships of the symptoms as reported in the population. One profile included a set of symptoms nearly identical to the symptoms associated with the DSM-III classification of major depression. Other depressive syndromes emerged and included a premenstrual syndrome among younger women and a mixed anxiety/depression syndrome. The existence of these other depressive syndromes may explain the present discrepancy in the epidemiologic literature between a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and a low prevalence of traditional depressive diagnoses in community populations.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360026004}, Key = {fds256088} } @article{fds256085, Author = {Fillenbaum, GG and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Scoring nonresponse on the Mini-Mental State Examination.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Volume = {18}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1021-1025}, Year = {1988}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0033-2917}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3270826}, Abstract = {Alternative procedures for coding nonresponse on the Mini-Mental State Examination as error or as correct) results in different classification of 13% of a random sample of 1931 subjects aged 60 and over. Comparison of responders' and nonresponders' ability to perform activities of daily living, and examination of the relative difficulty level of omitted items indicates that, in epidemiological surveys, scoring nonresponse as error is more likely to be correct.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291700009946}, Key = {fds256085} } @article{fds256086, Author = {Regier, DA and Boyd, JH and Burke, JD and Rae, DS and Myers, JK and Kramer, M and Robins, LN and George, LK and Karno, M and Locke, BZ}, Title = {One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites.}, Journal = {Archives of general psychiatry}, Volume = {45}, Number = {11}, Pages = {977-986}, Year = {1988}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800350011002}, Abstract = {One-month prevalence results were determined from 18,571 persons interviewed in the first-wave community samples of all five sites that constituted the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. US population estimates, based on combined site data, were that 15.4% of the population 18 years of age and over fulfilled criteria for at least one alcohol, drug abuse, or other mental disorder during the period one month before interview. Higher prevalence rates of most mental disorders were found among younger people (less than age 45 years), with the exception of severe cognitive impairments. Men had higher rates of substance abuse and antisocial personality, whereas women had higher rates of affective, anxiety, and somatization disorders. When restricted to the diagnostic categories covered in international studies based on the Present State Examination, results fell within the range reported for European and Australian studies.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800350011002}, Key = {fds256086} } @article{fds255894, Author = {George, LK and Chambers, CD and Lindquist, JH and White, OZ and Harter, MT}, Title = {The Elderly: Victims and Deviants.}, Journal = {Contemporary Sociology}, Volume = {17}, Number = {5}, Pages = {657-657}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {1988}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0094-3061}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988AC58800081&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.2307/2073988}, Key = {fds255894} } @article{fds256089, Author = {Fillenbaum, GG and Hughes, DC and Heyman, A and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental State examination score among community residents.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Volume = {18}, Number = {3}, Pages = {719-726}, Year = {1988}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0033-2917}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3263663}, Abstract = {Mini-Mental State findings from an age 60+ random community sample (N = 1681) indicate that score is related to education, age and race (but not sex) and to functional status, but not to selected aspects of physical or mental health. Adjustment for demographic characteristics, particularly education, is recommended lest cognitive impairment be overestimated.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291700008412}, Key = {fds256089} } @article{fds256084, Author = {Koenig, HG and George, LK and Siegler, IC}, Title = {The use of religion and other emotion-regulating coping strategies among older adults.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {28}, Number = {3}, Pages = {303-310}, Year = {1988}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3396911}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/28.3.303}, Key = {fds256084} } @article{fds256090, Author = {Hughes, DC and George, LK and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Age differences in life event qualities: Multivariate controlled analyses}, Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, Volume = {16}, Number = {2}, Pages = {161-174}, Publisher = {Wiley}, Year = {1988}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0090-4392}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198804)16:2<161::aid-jcop2290160207>3.0.co}, Abstract = {Effects of age on the distribution of three life events qualities (expectation, valence, importance) for specific life events experienced during the past year by community‐based adults were examined, controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place of residence. The controlled analyses were done using multiple regression. Data were gathered via personal interviews from 3,798 respondents aged 18 + years who participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) community survey from North Carolina. Respondents were placed into one of four age groups. Only 3 of the 19 life events examined demonstrated a significant age/life event quality association in the controlled analyses. Age differences occurred between the 25–44 and the 65 + age groups in the expectation quality for family member ill and in the valence quality for illness requiring hospitalization and retirement. Age differences were not found for the importance quality. Copyright © 1988 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company}, Doi = {10.1002/1520-6629(198804)16:2<161::aid-jcop2290160207>3.0.co}, Key = {fds256090} } @article{fds255930, Author = {BLUMENTHAL, JA and EMERY, CF and MADDEN, DJ and WALSHRIDDLE, MA and GEORGE, LK and COLEMAN, RE and WILLIAMS, RS}, Title = {THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN THE ELDERLY}, Journal = {PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE}, Volume = {50}, Number = {2}, Pages = {207-207}, Publisher = {WILLIAMS & WILKINS}, Year = {1988}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1988M721400049&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255930} } @article{fds256087, Author = {Swartz, M and Blazer, D and George, LK and Landerman, R}, Title = {Somatization Disorder in a Southern Community}, Journal = {Psychiatric Annals}, Volume = {18}, Pages = {335-339}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds256087} } @article{fds256091, Author = {Hughes, DC and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Age differences in life events: a multivariate controlled analysis.}, Journal = {Int J Aging Hum Dev}, Volume = {27}, Number = {3}, Pages = {207-220}, Year = {1988}, ISSN = {0091-4150}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3243654}, Abstract = {Effects of age on the distribution of specific life events experienced during the past year by community-based adults were examined controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place of residence. The controlled analyses were done using logistic regression. Data were gathered via personal interview from 3,798 respondents ages eighteen years and over who participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA), community survey from North Carolina. Respondents were placed in one of four age groups. The percentage of respondents reporting each of the nineteen events examined ranged from 0.5 percent for death of spouse to 19.1 percent for death of loved one. Age was an important predictor in the controlled analysis for thirteen of the seventeen life events examined. A majority of differences occurred between the youngest and oldest age groups. Age differences were not found for illness of one week or more involving activity limitation.}, Doi = {10.2190/F9RP-8V9D-CGH7-2F0N}, Key = {fds256091} } @article{fds303875, Author = {George, LK and fillenbaum, GG and blazer, D}, Title = {Scoring Nonresponse on the Mini Mental State Examination}, Journal = {Psychological Medicine}, Number = {18}, Pages = {1021-1025}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds303875} } @article{fds256093, Author = {Blazer, D and Hughes, D and George, LK}, Title = {Stressful life events and the onset of a generalized anxiety syndrome.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {144}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1178-1183}, Year = {1987}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.9.1178}, Abstract = {In a study of 2,902 subjects from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project in North Carolina, the association between life events and the onset of new cases of generalized anxiety syndrome varied across demographic subgroups and type of life event measure. Men reporting four or more life events had a risk of generalized anxiety syndrome 8.5 times that of men reporting zero to three life events; no association was found for women. Both men and women reporting one or more unexpected, negative, very important life events had a threefold increase in the risk of developing generalized anxiety syndrome.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.144.9.1178}, Key = {fds256093} } @article{fds256095, Author = {Blazer, D and Crowell, BA and George, LK}, Title = {Alcohol abuse and dependence in the rural South.}, Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, Volume = {44}, Number = {8}, Pages = {736-740}, Year = {1987}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800200062009}, Abstract = {We studied rural-urban differences in the prevalence of Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)-DSM-III alcohol abuse or dependence from a community survey (part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program) of 3921 adults living in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Bivariate analyses disclosed that current alcohol-related problems, as identified by the DIS, were more common in the rural area (4.2% vs 2.6%). In a logistic regression analysis that controlled for potential confounders, including age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and the DIS-DSM-III diagnoses of major depression and antisocial personality disorder, the elevated odds of alcohol abuse or dependence in the rural area remained significant for the interactive variable "rural blacks" (relative risk, 2.88). Factors leading to urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders, such as current alcohol abuse or dependence, are therefore more complex than can be explained by geographic boundaries alone.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800200062009}, Key = {fds256095} } @article{fds256094, Author = {Blazer, D and Hughes, DC and George, LK}, Title = {The epidemiology of depression in an elderly community population.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {27}, Number = {3}, Pages = {281-287}, Year = {1987}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/27.3.281}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/27.3.281}, Key = {fds256094} } @article{fds256096, Author = {Swartz, M and Hughes, D and Blazer, D and George, L}, Title = {Somatization disorder in the community. A study of diagnostic concordance among three diagnostic systems.}, Journal = {J Nerv Ment Dis}, Volume = {175}, Number = {1}, Pages = {26-33}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198701000-00005}, Abstract = {Somatization disorder, the presentation of multiple somatic complaints in multiple organ systems, can be diagnosed by three roughly comparable diagnostic systems: the Washington University Feighner criteria, the Research Diagnostic Criteria, and DSM-III criteria. This study evaluates diagnostic concordance for somatization disorder in these three diagnostic systems using data gathered in the National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program at four sites. Data gathered through use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule at the Duke, Johns Hopkins, Washington, and Yale University sites indicate that each criterion set identifies a somewhat different group of respondents. Feighner criteria identify the fewest number of respondents, followed by DSM-III criteria and the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Demographic, symptomatic, health utilization, and other severity indices indicate that the respondents identified by each group are very similar and that all diagnostic groups are clearly distinguishable from the normal population.}, Doi = {10.1097/00005053-198701000-00005}, Key = {fds256096} } @article{fds256097, Author = {Kessler, LG and Burns, BJ and Shapiro, S and Tischler, GL and George, LK and Hough, RL and Bodison, D and Miller, RH}, Title = {Psychiatric diagnoses of medical service users: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program.}, Journal = {Am J Public Health}, Volume = {77}, Number = {1}, Pages = {18-24}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0090-0036}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3789231}, Abstract = {Based on data from the five sites of the National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Program, this paper examines the prevalence of psychiatric disorder among recent medical service users versus nonusers, with a particular focus on affective disorders, substance abuse/dependence, and phobias. The rate of current Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) disorders among medical users in all five ECA sites is 21.7 per cent (slightly higher than general population rates) versus 16.7 per cent among nonusers; there is generally no difference between users and nonusers with past DIS diagnoses. Affective disorders were among the most common mental disorders of medical service users, especially among females, with little variation between sites: females: users: 6.9 per cent to 9.3 per cent, nonusers: 3.4 per cent to 6.4 per cent, and males: users: 3.3 per cent to 6.5 per cent, nonusers: 1.2 per cent to 4.1 per cent. Rates of phobias among persons using medical services are also higher than among nonusers. Substance abuse disorders are at least as common among persons who use medical services (8 per cent to 14 per cent of male users) as among those who do not (9 per cent to 11 per cent of male nonusers). The high rates of affective disorders among women and of substance abuse among male medical service users underscore the need to increase the ability of general medical practitioners to recognize and manage or refer these conditions.}, Doi = {10.2105/ajph.77.1.18}, Key = {fds256097} } @article{fds256098, Author = {Strain, JJ and George, LK and Pincus, HA and Gise, LH and Houpt, JL and Wolf, R}, Title = {Models of mental health training for primary care physicians: a validation study.}, Journal = {Psychosomatic medicine}, Volume = {49}, Number = {1}, Pages = {88-98}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0033-3174}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198701000-00008}, Abstract = {Since the majority of persons with alcohol, drug abuse, and/or mental disorders (19%) of Americans during any 6-month period are seen exclusively within the general health sector, it is imperative to know the quality and quantity of mental health training for primary care residents. In this study, the five program training model types previously described--Consultation, Liaison, Bridge, Hybrid, Autonomous--are validated by a random sampling technique using a structured instrument to test eight hypotheses developed before data collection to preclude post hoc interpretations. Of 250 programs, 147 responded (60%): 67 Family Practice, 42 Primary Internal Medicine, and 38 Internal Medicine. Since all eight hypotheses were supported by the data, the construct validity of the program model types is significantly substantiated. Multiple discriminant analysis revealed that the relationships between twelve training program characteristics and the five program model types were such that the former could explain 57% of the variance in the latter and correctly classify 89% of the programs.}, Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198701000-00008}, Key = {fds256098} } @article{fds346662, Author = {George, LK and Harrell, FE and Clipp, EC}, Title = {Response to Letter of Drs. Wieland and Sayre}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {35}, Number = {6}, Pages = {595-596}, Year = {1987}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb01410.x}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb01410.x}, Key = {fds346662} } @article{fds256092, Author = {Swartz, MS and Blazer, DG and Woodbury, MA and George, LK and Manton, KG}, Title = {A study of somatization disorder in a community population utilizing grade of membership analysis.}, Journal = {Psychiatr Dev}, Volume = {5}, Number = {3}, Pages = {219-237}, Year = {1987}, ISSN = {0262-9283}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3502659}, Abstract = {A new multivariate analytical technique for the analysis of medical classification, Grade of Membership analysis, is utilized to examine somatization disorder in a community population. The authors examine whether somatic symptoms will cluster into a clinical syndrome resembling somatization disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), if no prior assumptions are made about the inter-relationship of somatic symptoms or their clustering into clinical syndromes. Using respondents in the US National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project of the Piedmont Region of North Carolina, Grade of Membership analysis was applied to all respondents reporting 3 or more somatic symptoms from the somatization disorder section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Seven 'pure' types, roughly analogous to clusters in cluster analysis emerged from the analysis. One 'pure' type in the analysis is nearly identical to DSM-III somatization disorder and is associated with demographic characteristics found among patients with DSM-III somatization disorder. The results indicate that symptoms associated with somatization disorder cluster in a highly predictable fashion and represent a strong validation of the natural occurrence of an entity resembling somatization disorder.}, Key = {fds256092} } @article{fds256103, Author = {Swartz, M and Blazer, D and George, L and Landerman, R}, Title = {Somatization disorder in a community population.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {143}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1403-1408}, Year = {1986}, Month = {November}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.11.1403}, Abstract = {The data recently collected in the Piedmont region of North Carolina as part of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program were used to examine somatization disorder in a community population. The authors found an adjusted prevalence of 0.38% for somatization disorder diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and DSM-III. Respondents with somatization disorder demonstrated demographic characteristics (female, unmarried, nonwhite, from a rural area, less educated) that are consistent with findings from past clinical and epidemiologic studies of somatization disorder. The adjusted prevalence is higher than that of other Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites, and possible explanations for this findings are discussed.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.143.11.1403}, Key = {fds256103} } @article{fds304770, Author = {Stout, AL and Grady, TA and Steege, JF and Blazer, DG and George, LK and Melville, ML}, Title = {Premenstrual symptoms in black and white community samples.}, Journal = {Am J Psychiatry}, Volume = {143}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1436-1439}, Year = {1986}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3777236}, Abstract = {Premenstrual syndrome specialty clinics are reported to be almost exclusively attended by white women. This racial discrepancy has raised the question of whether there is a lower prevalence or severity of symptoms during the premenstruum among black women. The authors evaluated selected premenstrual symptoms in a representative community-based sample and found no difference in the prevalence or severity of premenstrual symptoms reported by black and white women, except for a higher prevalence of food cravings among blacks. Exploration of broader sociocultural factors may explain the observed racial difference in seeking help for premenstrual complaints.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.143.11.1436}, Key = {fds304770} } @article{fds304767, Author = {CLIPP, EC and GEORGE, LK}, Title = {PREDICTORS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION AMONG CAREGIVERS OF ALZHEIMERS PATIENTS}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {26}, Pages = {A179-A180}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1986}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E258700614&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds304767} } @article{fds256102, Author = {Stout, AL and Steege, JF and Blazer, DG and George, LK}, Title = {Comparison of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses in Premenstrual Syndrome Clinic and community samples.}, Journal = {J Nerv Ment Dis}, Volume = {174}, Number = {9}, Pages = {517-522}, Year = {1986}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0022-3018}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3746277}, Abstract = {The purpose of this investigation was to obtain information about lifetime psychiatric diagnoses of women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome. The National Institute for Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was administered to 223 women attending a premenstrual syndrome clinic. Rates of symptoms and psychiatric disorders were then compared with DIS data collected from an Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program community sample of 923 women in the same age group from the same geographic location. Women in the Premenstrual Syndrome Clinic sample met DIS/DSM-III criteria for dysthymia, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, and drug abuse/dependence with a greater frequency than did women from the community sample. There appears to be much overlap between the symptoms for which women seek help from a specialty premenstrual syndrome clinic and symptoms related to several specific affective, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. Further investigation is needed to determine whether premenstrual syndrome is strongly associated with DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses or whether current psychiatric classification systems are inadequate for differentiation.}, Doi = {10.1097/00005053-198609000-00002}, Key = {fds256102} } @article{fds256107, Author = {Crowell, BA and George, LK and Blazer, D and Landerman, R}, Title = {Psychosocial risk factors and urban/rural differences in the prevalence of major depression.}, Journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, Volume = {149}, Number = {SEPT.}, Pages = {307-314}, Year = {1986}, Month = {September}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.3.307}, Abstract = {The Piedmont Health Survey interviewed 3798 adult community residents in a region of North Carolina. Current major depression was nearly three times more common in the urban than in the rural counties; rural residence decreased the risk of major depression for some, but not all, demographic subgroups. The risk of major depression was decreased for young rural residents, compared with their urban age peers; rural residence was more protective for young women than for young men. Rural residence appears to be a buffer against major depression.}, Doi = {10.1192/bjp.149.3.307}, Key = {fds256107} } @article{fds256104, Author = {Swartz, M and Blazer, D and Woodbury, M and George, L and Landerman, R}, Title = {Somatization disorder in a US southern community: use of a new procedure for analysis of medical classification.}, Journal = {Psychol Med}, Volume = {16}, Number = {3}, Pages = {595-609}, Year = {1986}, Month = {August}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700010357}, Abstract = {The authors examine somatization disorder in a community population, using grade of membership analysis, a new multivariate analytical technique for the analysis of medical classification. The technique is used to examine whether somatic symptoms will cluster into a clinical syndrome resembling somatization disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), if no a priori assumptions are made about the interrelationship of somatic symptoms or their clustering into clinical syndromes. Grade of membership analysis is applied to all respondents in the US National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiological Catchment Area Project of the Piedmont region of North Carolina reporting three or more somatic symptoms from the somatization disorder section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The analysis indicates that seven 'pure' types, roughly analogous to clusters in cluster analysis, best describe the interrelationship of the symptoms included in the analysis. One 'pure' type in the analysis is nearly identical to DSM-III somatization disorder and is associated with demographic characteristics consistently found among patients with DSM-III somatization disorder. The present results demonstrate that symptoms associated with this disorder do cluster in a highly predictable fashion and represent a strong validation of the natural occurrence of an entity resembling somatization disorder.}, Doi = {10.1017/s0033291700010357}, Key = {fds256104} } @article{fds255905, Author = {Colerick, EJ and George, LK}, Title = {Predictors of institutionalization among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {34}, Number = {7}, Pages = {493-498}, Year = {1986}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986D111300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {The treatment aim of medical care for home-based patients with Alzheimer's disease is to maximize the functioning level of the patient without jeopardizing quality of life for the caregiver. Most demented elderly live in the community with their families who, until coping becomes ineffective, usually prefer to keep their relatives out of institutions for as long as possible. In the present study, the question of why some families continue to shoulder the burden of care, often beyond healthful limits, while others relinquish care to professionals is examined longitudinally in a sample of 209 caregivers. Using logistic regression techniques, caregiver characteristics and caregiver well-being, rather than patient characteristics, emerge as important predictors of placement decisions. Results suggest that practitioners, in evaluating the family's need for institutionalization, must move beyond duration of illness and current cognitive functioning to aspects of the caregiver support system.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04239.x}, Key = {fds255905} } @article{fds255887, Author = {George, LK and Gwyther, LP}, Title = {Caregiver well-being: a multidimensional examination of family caregivers of demented adults.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {26}, Number = {3}, Pages = {253-259}, Year = {1986}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3721232}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/26.3.253}, Key = {fds255887} } @article{fds256106, Author = {Gwyther, LP and George, LK}, Title = {Caregivers for dementia patients: complex determinants of well-being and burden.}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {26}, Number = {3}, Pages = {245-247}, Year = {1986}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3721230}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/26.3.245}, Key = {fds256106} } @article{fds256099, Author = {Holzer, CE and Sheal, BM and Swanson, JS and Leaf, PJ and Myers, JK and George, LK and Bednarski, P}, Title = {The Increased Risk for Specific Psychiatric Disorders Among Persons of Low Socioeconomic Status}, Journal = {American Journal of Social Psychiatry}, Volume = {6}, Pages = {259-271}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds256099} } @article{fds256100, Author = {Swartz, M and Hughes, D and George, L and Blazer, D and Landerman, R and Bucholz, K}, Title = {Developing a screening index for community studies of somatization disorder.}, Journal = {J Psychiatr Res}, Volume = {20}, Number = {4}, Pages = {335-343}, Year = {1986}, ISSN = {0022-3956}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(86)90036-1}, Abstract = {Despite the low prevalence of somatization disorder in the community, the section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule used to make the diagnosis--as well as previous diagnostic interviews for the related diagnoses of hysteria, and Briquet's syndrome--is quite lengthy. This study evaluates a somatization disorder screening index derived from completed interviews from the NIMH sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. A screening index comprised of 11 symptoms of somatization was derived at the Duke ECA site and replicated across the Johns Hopkins, Yale, and Washington University sites. Across ECA sites a screening threshold of five of 11 symptoms correctly identified 41 of 42 respondents with DIS/DSM-III somatization disorder (97.6%) while correctly classifying 14,600 of 14,750 (99.0%) without the disorder. The screening index offers promise as a screening device for clinical and community studies of somatization disorder.}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-3956(86)90036-1}, Key = {fds256100} } @article{fds256101, Author = {Stout, AL and Grady, TA and Steege, JF and Blazer, DG and George, LK and Melville, ML}, Title = {Comparison of Premenstrual Symptoms in Black and White Community Samples}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {143}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1436-1439}, Year = {1986}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3777236}, Abstract = {Premenstrual syndrome specialty clinics are reported to be almost exclusively attended by white women. This racial discrepancy has raised the question of whether there is a lower prevalence or severity of symptoms during the premenstruum among black women. The authors evaluated selected premenstrual symptoms in a representative community-based sample and found no difference in the prevalence or severity of premenstrual symptoms reported by black and white women, except for a higher prevalence of food cravings among blacks. Exploration of broader sociocultural factors may explain the observed racial difference in seeking help for premenstrual complaints.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.143.11.1436}, Key = {fds256101} } @article{fds256105, Author = {Colerick, EJ and George, LK}, Title = {Predictors of Institutionalization among Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Patients}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Volume = {34}, Pages = {493-498}, Year = {1986}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1986E258700614&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds256105} } @article{fds256108, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Satisfaction in Late Life–The Positive Side of Mental Health}, Journal = {Generations}, Volume = {10}, Pages = {5-8}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds256108} } @article{fds256109, Author = {George, LK and Hughes, DC and Blazer, DG}, Title = {Urban/Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders}, Journal = {American Journal of Social Psychiatry}, Volume = {6}, Pages = {249-258}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds256109} } @article{fds255907, Author = {Orleans, CT and George, LK and Houpt, JL and Brodie, KH}, Title = {Health promotion in primary care: a survey of U.S. family practitioners.}, Journal = {Preventive medicine}, Volume = {14}, Number = {5}, Pages = {636-647}, Year = {1985}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0091-7435}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1985AUD5900007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {A national sample of family practice physicians reported on the treatments and referrals they provide for each of three behavioral health risks--cigarette smoking, obesity, and insufficient exercise--and on obstacles to effective office-based health promotion. Most respondents reported regular health education and advice, but infrequent systematic treatment or referral for the substantial proportions of their patients who smoke cigarettes (40%), are obese (40%), or get too little exercise (70%). Results confirm past impressions that primary-care physicians (a) are somewhat reluctant to treat such problems, (b) overutilize relatively ineffective risk education strategies, and (c) underutilize potentially more effective behavioral or psychological treatments, either in their practices or via referral to outside programs and specialists. Physicians' pessimism about their patients' abilities to change health lifestyles, a lack of confidence in their own and outside treatments, and perceived patient rejection of referral for lifestyle change treatment, appear the major contributors to this underutilization along with the known financial and organizational obstacles to office-based health promotion and a lack of time and training for these activities. Suggestions for improving primary-care training and supports for health-promotion services are offered.}, Doi = {10.1016/0091-7435(85)90083-0}, Key = {fds255907} } @article{fds256111, Author = {George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG}, Title = {OARS methodology. A decade of experience in geriatric assessment.}, Journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc}, Volume = {33}, Number = {9}, Pages = {607-615}, Year = {1985}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4031339}, Abstract = {The Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) methodology was designed to assess functional capacity in five dimensions (social resources, economic resources, mental health, physical health, and activities of daily living) and to measure use of and need for 24 types of generic services. The OARS questionnaire now has been used in more than 150 research and practice settings. Recent refinements in the OARS methodology include new information about validity and reliability, computerized summary ratings for the five dimensions of functional status, and eleven scales that measure specific aspects of functioning within the five dimensions. This paper describes the conceptual foundation, appropriate uses, psychometric properties, and recent refinements in the OARS methodology. Empirical data from a geriatric clinic population are used for purposes of illustration. The paper presents an assessment of the strengths and limitations of the OARS methodology based on more than a decade of experience. Particular attention is paid to the degree to which the measures of functional status can be related to health service use measures to inform geriatric research and practice.}, Doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1985.tb06317.x}, Key = {fds256111} } @article{fds256113, Author = {Blazer, D and George, LK and Landerman, R and Pennybacker, M and Melville, ML and Woodbury, M and Manton, KG and Jordan, K and Locke, B}, Title = {Psychiatric disorders. A rural/urban comparison.}, Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, Volume = {42}, Number = {7}, Pages = {651-656}, Year = {1985}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4015306}, Abstract = {We studied rural/urban differences in the prevalence of nine psychiatric disorders from a community survey (part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program) of 3,921 adults living in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Crude comparisons disclosed that major depressive episodes and drug abuse and/or dependence were more common in the urban area, whereas alcohol abuse/dependence was more common in the rural area. When prevalence for these disorders was stratified for age, sex, race, and education (factors that may confound urban/rural comparisons), a number of significant differences were identified, such as higher prevalence of major depression in female and white subjects and higher prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence in the less educated subjects. A logistic-regression analysis was used to determine if significant urban/rural differences persisted when these potential confounders were controlled. Major depressive disorders were found to be twice as frequent in the urban area in this controlled analysis.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790300013002}, Key = {fds256113} } @article{fds256112, Author = {George, LK and Okun, MA and Landerman, R}, Title = {Age as a moderator of the determinants of life satisfaction.}, Journal = {Research on aging}, Volume = {7}, Number = {2}, Pages = {209-233}, Year = {1985}, Month = {June}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027585007002004}, Doi = {10.1177/0164027585007002004}, Key = {fds256112} } @article{fds256114, Author = {Fillenbaum, GG and George, LK and Palmore, EB}, Title = {Determinants and consequences of retirement among men of different races and economic levels.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {40}, Number = {1}, Pages = {85-94}, Year = {1985}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3965566}, Abstract = {Data from two national longitudinal studies of older workers were examined in order to compare the determinants and consequences of retirement for white and black men, and for poverty, marginal, and upper economic level men. The number of categories important in determining retirement was greater for white men than for black men and increased with increase in economic level. Retirement was found to have few consequences, being important mainly with respect to health and economic matters. Blacks and poverty level men were minimally affected by retirement, the impact of retirement probably being somewhat ameliorated by age-determined income maintenance programs and subsidies. Men at the marginal economic level were affected most adversely.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/40.1.85}, Key = {fds256114} } @article{fds256115, Author = {Orleans, CT and George, LK and Houpt, JL and Brodie, HK}, Title = {How primary care physicians treat psychiatric disorders: a national survey of family practitioners.}, Journal = {The American journal of psychiatry}, Volume = {142}, Number = {1}, Pages = {52-57}, Year = {1985}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.1.52}, Abstract = {A survey of 350 family practice physicians nationwide showed that 22.6% of their patients had significant psychiatric disorders. Physicians reported treating most psychiatric problems themselves, usually through a combination of psychotropic drugs, advice, and reassurance. The results suggest that anxiolytics are more conservatively used and referrals for mental health care more often made than past studies indicate. Physicians cited patient resistance and time limitations as the most important barriers to primary care mental health treatment, followed by limited third-party payment for mental health services, poor coordination between the primary care and mental health care sectors, and insufficient training to treat psychiatric disorders.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.142.1.52}, Key = {fds256115} } @article{fds256110, Author = {Orleans, CT and George, LK and Houpt, JL and Brodie, HKH}, Title = {Health Promotion in Primary Care:}, Journal = {A Survey of U.S. Family Practitioners Preventive Medicine}, Volume = {14}, Pages = {636-647}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds256110} } @article{fds288503, Author = {George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG}, Title = {The OARS Methodology: A Decade of Experience in Geriatric Assessment}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Number = {33}, Pages = {607-615}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds288503} } @article{fds255893, Author = {Boyd, JH and Burke, JD and Gruenberg, E and Holzer, CE and Rae, DS and George, LK and Karno, M and Stoltzman, R and McEvoy, L and Nestadt, G}, Title = {Exclusion criteria of DSM-III. A study of co-occurrence of hierarchy-free syndromes.}, Journal = {Archives of general psychiatry}, Volume = {41}, Number = {10}, Pages = {983-989}, Year = {1984}, Month = {October}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TM60100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {The diagnostic criteria of the third edition of the DSM-III often state that one diagnosis cannot be made if it is "due to" another disorder. Using data from the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, with a sample of 11,519 subjects from a community population, we found that if two disorders were related to each other according to the DSM-III exclusion criteria, then the presence of a dominant disorder greatly increased the odds of having the excluded disorder. We also found that disorders, which DSM-III says are related to each other, were more strongly associated than disorders, which DSM-III says are unrelated. However, we also found there was a general tendency toward co-occurrence, so that the presence of any disorder increased the odds of having almost any other disorder, even if DSM-III does not list it as a related disorder. We concluded that empirical studies are needed to study the assumptions underlying the use of a diagnostic hierarchy.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790210065008}, Key = {fds255893} } @article{fds256120, Author = {George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG and Palmore, E}, Title = {Sex differences in the antecedents and consequences of retirement.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {39}, Number = {3}, Pages = {364-371}, Year = {1984}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6715816}, Abstract = {The purpose of this paper was to compare the antecedents and consequences of retirement among men and women. Data were analyzed from two surveys: the Retirement History Study (N for analysis = 1845) and the Duke Second Longitudinal Study (N = 235). The predictors and outcomes of retirement used in analyses were those suggested in previous research. The results suggest that (a) the variables that predict retirement for men do not predict retirement for women and (b) retirement affects substantially more outcomes for men than for women. For both sexes, however, retirement had both positive and negative effects. Discussion is focused upon the possible explanations for the sex differences observed.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/39.3.364}, Key = {fds256120} } @article{fds255889, Author = {STOCK, WA and OKUN, MA and GEORGE, LK}, Title = {NEUROTICISM AND PHYSICIANS AND SELF-RATINGS OF HEALTH}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {24}, Pages = {89-90}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TN75000070&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255889} } @article{fds255900, Author = {GWYTHER, LP and GEORGE, LK and FITTING, M and TODD, PA and ZARIT, JM and ZARIT, SH and GONYEA, JG and MONTGOMERY, RJV}, Title = {COMPLEX DETERMINANTS OF CAREGIVER WELL-BEING - TOWARD MORE SOPHISTICATED RESEARCH ANALYSES}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {24}, Pages = {249-250}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TN75000641&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255900} } @article{fds255933, Author = {BLAZER, DG and GEORGE, LK and LANDERMAN, R}, Title = {ARE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS DIFFERENT IN THE DEPRESSED ELDERLY}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {24}, Pages = {133-133}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1984TN75000222&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255933} } @article{fds256118, Author = {Okun, MA and George, LK}, Title = {Physician- and self-ratings of health, neuroticism and subjective well-being among men and women}, Journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, Volume = {5}, Number = {5}, Pages = {533-539}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0191-8869}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(84)90027-8}, Abstract = {There is general consensus that self-rated health is the strongest predictor of subjective well-being during adulthood. What is not understood is the reason for the consistent relationship between these two variables. Other literature suggests that self-report health ratings are a function of both objective physical health status and neuroticism. This study examines the interrelationships among neuroticism, physician-rated health, self-rated health and subjective well-being concurrently and prospectively. Relationships are compared across gender, indicators of subjective well-being and times of measurement. The sample includes 243 men and 225 women in the cross-sectional analyses and 185 men and 165 women in the longitudinal analyses. As predicted, the results indicate that: 1. (1) self-rated health is significantly correlated with neuroticism, physician-rated health and subjective well-being; 2. (2) neuroticism is significantly related to subjective well-being; 3. (3) physician-rated health is weakly correlated with subjective well-being; and 4. (4) partialling out neuroticism reduces the association between self-rated health and subjective well-being more than partialling out physician-rated health. Unexpectedly, neuroticism is significantly related to changes in subjective well-being. Future studies of the determinants of subjective well-being should include measures of neuroticism and physician-rated health. © 1984.}, Doi = {10.1016/0191-8869(84)90027-8}, Key = {fds256118} } @article{fds256121, Author = {George, LK and Landerman, R}, Title = {Health and subjective well-being: a replicated secondary data analysis.}, Journal = {International journal of aging & human development}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {133-156}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fhht-25r8-f8kt-majd}, Abstract = {The purposes of this article are to use replicated secondary data analysis to summarize information about the relationship between health and subjective well-being and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of replicated secondary data analysis as a mode of research synthesis. The findings from thirty-seven replications in seven surveys suggest a moderate and robust relationship between self-rated health and subjective well-being. Physician-assessed health, in contrast, exhibits weaker and less robust associations with subjective well-being. Further, the relationship between health and subjective well-being is conditioned by age and is stronger for measures of negative than positive affect. The principal advantages of replicated secondary data analysis, vis-a-vis other modes of research synthesis, are cost-effectiveness, increased ability to apply multivariate statistical techniques, and greater control and flexibility for the investigator. We suggest, nonetheless, that different modes of research synthesis can best be used for different purposes.}, Doi = {10.2190/fhht-25r8-f8kt-majd}, Key = {fds256121} } @article{fds256122, Author = {Palmore, EB and Fillenbaum, GG and George, LK}, Title = {Consequences of retirement.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {39}, Number = {1}, Pages = {109-116}, Year = {1984}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6690582}, Abstract = {Six longitudinal data sets were used to examine the consequences of retirement controlling for preretirement characteristics. Results show (a) about one-half to three-fourths of income differences between retired and working men was caused by retirement; (b) little, if any, of the health differences are caused by retirement; (c) there are few effects of retirement on social activity; and (d) there are few effects on attitudes such as life satisfaction and happiness. Early retirement, however, has stronger effects than retirement at normal ages. The results show that retirement has different effects depending on type of outcome and timing of retirement.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/39.1.109}, Key = {fds256122} } @article{fds256116, Author = {Boyd, JH and Burke, JD and Greenberg, E and Holzer, CE and Rae, DS and George, LK and Karno, M}, Title = {Stoltzman, R., McEvoy, L., & Nestadt, G. The Exclusion Criteria of DSM-III: A Study of the Co-occurrence of Hierarchy-free Syndromes}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, Volume = {41}, Pages = {983-989}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds256116} } @article{fds256117, Author = {Eaton, WW and Myers, JK and Korff, V and et. al.}, Title = {The Design of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Surveys: The Control and Measurement of Error}, Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry}, Volume = {41}, Pages = {942-948}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds256117} } @article{fds256119, Author = {Stage, FK and Okun, MA and Stock, WA and George, LK}, Title = {Analyzing Educational Data from a Cohort-Sequential Design: An Illustration Using GPA}, Journal = {Journal of Experimental Education}, Volume = {52}, Number = {4}, Pages = {227-230}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1984}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1984.11011898}, Doi = {10.1080/00220973.1984.11011898}, Key = {fds256119} } @article{fds255886, Author = {Siegler, IC and George, LK}, Title = {The normal psychology of the aging male: Sex differences in coping and perceptions of life events}, Journal = {Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {16}, Number = {2}, Pages = {197-209}, Year = {1983}, Month = {December}, Abstract = {The data illustrate some important methodological considerations about the study of life events and the study of developmental data. As the data on the distribution of life events indicate, when individuals retell their life stories, events are rarely discrete. Psychologically, an event expands to include those predictors that later became apparent and the time taken to put the event into perspective. This calls into question the interpretation given to many life event questionnaires that seek to consider an event within narrow time framework. Positive and negative events appear to have differential consequences.}, Key = {fds255886} } @article{fds255915, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Book Review : VALUES AND LONG-TERM CARE, by Robert L. Kane and Rosalie A. Kane (Editors). Lexington Books, Lexington, Massachusetts, 1982, 292 pages}, Journal = {Health Education Quarterly}, Volume = {10}, Number = {1}, Pages = {73-74}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {1983}, Month = {March}, ISSN = {0195-8402}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1983RK18300005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1177/109019818301000106}, Key = {fds255915} } @article{fds256125, Author = {Siegler, IC and George, LK}, Title = {Sex Differences in Coping and Perceptions of Life Events}, Journal = {Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Volume = {1983}, Number = {16}, Pages = {197-210}, Year = {1983}, Key = {fds256125} } @article{fds303917, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Values and Long-Term Care}, Journal = {Health Education Quarterly}, Volume = {10}, Pages = {73-74}, Year = {1983}, Key = {fds303917} } @article{fds346666, Author = {Siegler, IC and George, LK}, Title = {Sex differences in coping and perceptions of life events.}, Journal = {J Geriatr Psychiatry}, Volume = {16}, Number = {2}, Pages = {197-122}, Year = {1983}, Abstract = {These data illustrate some important methodological considerations about the study of life events and the study of developmental data. As the data on the distribution of life events indicate, when individuals retell their life stories, events are rarely discrete. Psychologically, an event expands to include those predictors that later became apparent and the time taken to put the event into perspective. This calls into question the interpretation given to many life event questionnaires that seek to consider an event within a narrow time framework. Positive and negative events appear to have differential consequences. Our exploration of coping with positive events was an interesting one. Most of our respondents did not perceive that they had a coping task to accomplish when the event was perceived as a positive one. Many of the events reported by our respondents were events in the lives of others. Although this was more often the case for women than for men, interpersonal events and events in which the major impact fell on a family member were quite common in later life. In attempting to understand the impact of sociohistorical events as a context for development, it has often been assumed that overall negative events such as wars and economic depressions will have predominantly negative impacts. Our data suggest that sociohistorical events form the context for events in the family life cycle that happen independently of what is happening in the larger society. Events related to family formation happened against different backgrounds of sociohistorical events. These data also suggest that we look for cohort effects in nonlinear ways that would reflect generational communality of an event. This study also has limits. Our sample was small, and as the respondents had maximum freedom to pick the events to be discussed, we only know that we had a sample of three positive and three negative event contexts. We did not ask individuals 500 many positive and negative events they had during their lives and how the events mentioned fit into that ranking. The interviews were rich in the individuals' perceptions of the important aspects of their lives and indicated a realistic group of persons who had managed to cope reasonably well with the events in their lives. The cohorts in the study are of the age that traditional gender differences are founded on. Looking at the content of the issues to be coped with and the requirements of the situation suggest that life experience is what is predictive of coping skills.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)}, Key = {fds346666} } @article{fds256123, Author = {Palmore, EB and George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG}, Title = {Predictors of retirement.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {37}, Number = {6}, Pages = {733-742}, Year = {1982}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7130648}, Abstract = {Predictors of retirement among men were analyzed using data from seven longitudinal studies, multiple definitions of retirement, multivariate analyses, and unbiased statistical techniques. Results show that the predictors of retirement vary depending on how retirement is defined. The strongest predictors of objective retirement among men over age 65 (i.e., employed less than full-time and receiving a pension) are structural factors such as socioeconomic status and job characteristics. The strongest predictors of early retirement (i.e., retiring before age 65) and of age at retirement include both structural factors and subjective factors, characteristics are more important predictors than all the others combined.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/37.6.733}, Key = {fds256123} } @article{fds256127, Author = {GEORGE, LK}, Title = {Models of Transitions in Middle and Later Life}, Journal = {The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science}, Volume = {464}, Number = {1}, Pages = {22-37}, Publisher = {SAGE Publications}, Year = {1982}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0002-7162}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716282464001003}, Abstract = {<jats:p> The topic of change during adulthood is receiving increased attention from social and behavioral scientists, as well as from the general public. This article describes and evaluates the contributions of four types of models designed to further our understanding of the causes and consequences of change during middle and later life: developmental models, life event models, adult socialization models, and integrated models that incorporate elements of multiple perspectives. Special attention is devoted to the recent and appropriate shift from an emphasis upon change as crisis to the more neutral view of change as transition. Two issues are suggested as critical to any useful model of change during middle and later life. First, such models must incorporate recognition of the importance of both individual and social factors for understanding the causes and consequences of change. Second, such models must identify the factors that place individuals at risk for adaptive problems as a result of change. </jats:p>}, Doi = {10.1177/0002716282464001003}, Key = {fds256127} } @article{fds255890, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Functional Capacity in Later Life: Meaning and Measurement}, Journal = {Contemporary Psychology}, Volume = {27}, Number = {5}, Pages = {364-365}, Publisher = {Portico}, Year = {1982}, Month = {May}, ISSN = {0010-7549}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NN87800025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1037/021142}, Key = {fds255890} } @article{fds255910, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The urban elderly: A study of life satisfaction}, Journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, Volume = {16}, Number = {10}, Pages = {1105-1105}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1982}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0277-9536}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NV66700021&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1016/0277-9536(82)90195-2}, Key = {fds255910} } @article{fds255911, Author = {GEORGE, LK}, Title = {THE DYNAMICS OF AGING - ORIGINAL ESSAYS ON THE PROCESSES AND EXPERIENCES OF GROWING OLD - BERGHORN,FJ, SCHAFER,DE}, Journal = {SOCIAL FORCES}, Volume = {61}, Number = {1}, Pages = {344-345}, Publisher = {UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS}, Year = {1982}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0037-7732}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982PF99400054&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255911} } @article{fds304762, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {A canonical correlation technique for analyzing patterns of change}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {67-72}, Publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, Year = {1982}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610738208258398}, Abstract = {The measurement and analysis of change remain persistent dilemmas in aging research. The most frequently suggested technique for the analysis of change is residualized change score analysis, which is methodologically superior to the use of raw change scores. The use of residualized change score analysis, however, addresses a very specific substantive question: net of initial level what factors best predict the dependent variable at a later point in time? There are other questions that might be posed to longitudinal data. One such question is: what factors best predict differential patterns of change within a group? The primary purpose of this paper is to present a canonical correlation technique that can be used to predict patterns of change. In order to illustrate the implications of examining patterns of change as compared to aggregate change, the canonical correlation procedure is compared to residualized change score analysis. Discussion focuses upon the importance of matching substantive questions about the nature and antecedents of change to appropriate analytic techniques. © 1982 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610738208258398}, Key = {fds304762} } @article{fds304768, Author = {Mutran, E and George, LK}, Title = {Alternative methods of measuring role/identity: A research note}, Journal = {Social Forces}, Volume = {60}, Number = {3}, Pages = {866-876}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1982}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0037-7732}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NC67400014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1093/sf/60.3.866}, Key = {fds304768} } @article{fds255829, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) The Urban Elderly}, Journal = {Social Science and Medicine}, Volume = {16}, Pages = {1105-1105}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds255829} } @article{fds256126, Author = {George, LK and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Stress and Coping in Later Life}, Journal = {Educational Horizons}, Volume = {60}, Pages = {147-154}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds256126} } @article{fds256128, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {A Canonical Correlation Approach to the Analysis of Patterns of Change.}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Volume = {8}, Number = {1}, Pages = {67-72}, Year = {1982}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NV70500008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {The measurement and analysis of change remain persistent dilemmas in aging research. The most frequently suggested technique for the analysis of change is residualized change score analysis, which is methodologically superior to the use of raw change scores. The use of residualized change score analysis, however, addresses a very specific substantive question: net of initial level what factors best predict the dependent variable at a later point in time? There are other questions that might be posed to longitudinal data. One such question is: what factors best predict differential patterns of change within a group? The primary purpose of this paper is to present a canonical correlation technique that can be used to predict patterns of change. In order to illustrate the implications of examining patterns of change as compared to aggregate change, the canonical correlation procedure is compared to residualized change score analysis. Discussion focuses upon the importance of matching substantive questions about the nature and antecedents of change to appropriate analytic techniques. © 1982 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610738208258398}, Key = {fds256128} } @article{fds256129, Author = {Mutran, E and George, LK}, Title = {Alternative Methods of Measuring Role/Identity}, Journal = {Social Forces}, Volume = {60}, Number = {3}, Pages = {866-876}, Year = {1982}, ISSN = {0037-7732}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1982NC67400014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.2307/2578399}, Key = {fds256129} } @article{fds256130, Author = {Linnoila, M and George, LK and Guthrie, S}, Title = {Interaction between Antidepressants and Perphenazine in Psychiatric Inpatients}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {139}, Pages = {1329-1331}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds256130} } @article{fds303915, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Assessing the Elderly}, Journal = {Contemporary Psychology}, Volume = {27}, Pages = {364-365}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds303915} } @article{fds303916, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) The Dynamics of Aging}, Journal = {Social Forces}, Volume = {61}, Pages = {344-345}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds303916} } @article{fds255922, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Adulthood and Aging}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology}, Volume = {36}, Number = {6}, Pages = {753-753}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1981}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1981MP32600019&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/36.6.753}, Key = {fds255922} } @article{fds256133, Author = {George, LK and Weiler, SJ}, Title = {Sexuality in middle and late life. The effects of age, cohort, and gender.}, Journal = {Archives of general psychiatry}, Volume = {38}, Number = {8}, Pages = {919-923}, Year = {1981}, Month = {August}, ISSN = {0003-990X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780330077008}, Abstract = {Previous studies of sexual behavior in middle and late life suggest a decline in sexual activity during the last half of adulthood. Longitudinal data on the sexual activity of 278 married men and women, initially aged 46 to 71 years, were collected. These data suggest that levels of sexual activity remain more stable over time than previously suggested. It is crucial to distinguish between aggregate trends and intraindividual change. Although stable levels of sexual activity are typical, aggregate statistics can blur distinct patterns of change exhibited by individuals. Special attention is paid to the relative influences of age, cohort, and gender on sexual activity during middle and late life.}, Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780330077008}, Key = {fds256133} } @article{fds255827, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Aging and Adulthood}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology}, Volume = {36}, Pages = {753-753}, Year = {1981}, Key = {fds255827} } @article{fds256131, Author = {Linnoila, M and George, LK and Guthrie, S}, Title = {Drinking and Smoking History and Antidepressant Plasma Levels}, Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry}, Volume = {138}, Pages = {841-842}, Year = {1981}, Key = {fds256131} } @article{fds256132, Author = {George, LK and Siegler, IC and Okun, MA}, Title = {Separating age, cohort, and time of measurement: analysis of variance or multiple regression.}, Journal = {Exp Aging Res}, Volume = {7}, Number = {3}, Pages = {297-314}, Year = {1981}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7318857}, Abstract = {This paper empirically compares the relative advantages of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression (MR) approaches to the separation of age, cohort, and time of measurement effects in sequential research designs. The comparison utilizes four synthetic data sets, designed to have specific characteristics. The results support Adam's recent claim that standard ANOVA procedures, as described by Schaie, do not permit the development of accurate decision rules for age-period-cohort analysis. A modified dummy variable regression procedure developed by Mason, et al. is demonstrated to permit accurate attribution of variance among age, cohort, and time of measurement effects in the developmental model.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610738108259812}, Key = {fds256132} } @article{fds256134, Author = {George, LK and Mutran, EJ and Pennybacker, MR}, Title = {The meaning and measurement of age identity.}, Journal = {Experimental aging research}, Volume = {6}, Number = {3}, Pages = {283-298}, Year = {1980}, Month = {June}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610738008258364}, Abstract = {Lack of a broader theoretical framework and a relative neglect of measurement issues have hindered many previous studies of age identity. In this paper, a case is made for viewing age identity as a dimension of self-concept and two measurement techniques are empirically compared. The first is a single-item measure in which the individual chooses the age category which best suits him. The second is a semantic differential procedure which involves rating the referents "An Old Person", "A Middle-Aged Person", and "Myself" on identical bipolar adjectives. Data were obtained from 341 men and women, age 47 to 96, residing in central North Carolina. The results support the validity of the semantic differential technique, and also suggest that the two measures tap somewhat different dimensions of age identity. The single-item measure is closely related to chronological age, while the semantic differential is more strongly related to personal and social correlates of aging.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610738008258364}, Key = {fds256134} } @article{fds255898, Author = {GEORGE, LK}, Title = {CONTEMPORARY THEORIES ABOUT THE FAMILY - RESEARCH-BASED THEORIES, VOL 1 - BURR,WR, HILL,R, NYE,FI, REISS,IL}, Journal = {SOCIAL FORCES}, Volume = {58}, Number = {4}, Pages = {1343-1345}, Publisher = {UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS}, Year = {1980}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0037-7732}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1980JT67800023&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255898} } @article{fds256135, Author = {Houpt, JL and Orleans, CS and George, LK and Keith, H and Brodie, HK}, Title = {The role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine.}, Journal = {The American journal of psychiatry}, Volume = {137}, Number = {1}, Pages = {37-47}, Year = {1980}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0002-953X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.137.1.37}, Abstract = {The authors review the role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine in three areas: 1) prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, 2) the role of behavioral or lifestyle factors in illness onset, and 3) the overlapping of psychiatric and behavioral factors with medical illness. Within each areas they review behavioral factors to the practice of medicine, the limits of current treatment approaches, and future research needs. In their final section they draw implications for health care delivery and manpower development.}, Doi = {10.1176/ajp.137.1.37}, Key = {fds256135} } @article{fds255826, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Contemporary Theories of the Family, Vols. I and II}, Journal = {Social Forces}, Volume = {58}, Pages = {1343-1344}, Year = {1980}, Key = {fds255826} } @article{fds255895, Author = {Breytspraak, LM and George, LK}, Title = {Measurement of self-concept and self-esteem in older people: state of the art.}, Journal = {Experimental aging research}, Volume = {5}, Number = {2}, Pages = {137-148}, Year = {1979}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GP22500003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Self-concept and self-esteem instruments used in gerontological research were reviewed. Instruments were found to vary substantially in their conceptualization of self-concept and/or self-esteem as well as in the amount of attention given to assessing their psychometric properties. The assumptions made about the relationship of age to self-concept and/or self-esteem also varied. More careful attention to selection, construction, interpretation, and continued validation of instruments is recommended. Several instruments are particularly recommended for further use in gerontological research.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610737908257192}, Key = {fds255895} } @article{fds255912, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The happiness syndrome: methodological and substantive issues in the study of social-psychological well-being in adulthood.}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {210-216}, Year = {1979}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GQ33300014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/19.2.210}, Key = {fds255912} } @article{fds255892, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Symposium: Survey research in the study of aging: Possibilities and problems in the use of archival data}, Journal = {Gerontologist}, Volume = {19}, Number = {2}, Pages = {632}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)}, Year = {1979}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1979GQ33300011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {A special purpose data archive of theoretically significant data sets relevant to the study of aging and adulthood has now completed its second year of operation at the Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development. Activities of the Data Archive for Aging and Adult Development (DAAAD) include the identification, cleaning, documentation, and dissemination of relevant data sources to the gerontological and social science research communities.1 Beyond these standard archival functions, additional DAAAD activities include: (1) the provision of substantive as well as technical assistance; (2) the development of user manuals and technical reports; (3) the convening of periodic workshops for training, information exchange, and professional development; and (4) ongoing efforts to evaluate the "state of the art" regarding surveys of the adult population. © 1979 Oxford University Press.}, Doi = {10.1093/geront/19.2.196}, Key = {fds255892} } @article{fds256136, Author = {Maddox, GL and Fillenbaum, GG and George, LK}, Title = {Extending the Uses of the LRHS Data Set}, Journal = {Public Use Data}, Volume = {7}, Number = {3-4}, Pages = {57-62}, Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}, Year = {1979}, Key = {fds256136} } @article{fds256137, Author = {Breytspraak, LM and George, LK}, Title = {Measurement of Self-Concept and Self-Esteem: State of the Art}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Volume = {5}, Pages = {137-154.}, Year = {1979}, Key = {fds256137} } @article{fds256138, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Happiness Syndrome: Substantive and Methodological Issues in the Study of Psychological Well-Being in Adulthood}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {19}, Pages = {210-216}, Year = {1979}, Key = {fds256138} } @article{fds256139, Author = {Siegler, IC and George, LK and Okun, MA}, Title = {A Cross-Sequential Analysis of Adult Personality}, Journal = {Developmental Psychology}, Volume = {15}, Number = {3}, Pages = {350-351}, Publisher = {American Psychological Association (APA)}, Year = {1979}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.15.3.350}, Doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.15.3.350}, Key = {fds256139} } @article{fds256140, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The impact of personality and social status factors upon levels of activity and psychological well-being.}, Journal = {Journal of gerontology}, Volume = {33}, Number = {6}, Pages = {840-847}, Year = {1978}, Month = {November}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronj/33.6.840}, Abstract = {The fact that the relationship between levels of activity and psychological well-being is not a simple one that suggests an optimal theory of aging has been previously recognized. Explanation of individual differences in levels of activity and psychological well-being, however, remains a salient theoretical issue. In the present study, multiple regression is used to examine the impact of both personality and social status variables upon levels of activity and psychological well-being in a sample of 380 white males and females, aged 50-76. The results indicate that both personality and social status factors are significant predictors, although levels of activity and psychological well-being are best predicted by different variables. The most striking finding of the study is the substantial power of personality factors to significantly predict psychological well-being.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/33.6.840}, Key = {fds256140} } @article{fds256141, Author = {Okun, MA and Siegler, IC and George, LK}, Title = {Cautiousness and verbal learning in adulthood.}, Journal = {J Gerontol}, Volume = {33}, Number = {1}, Pages = {94-97}, Year = {1978}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/618972}, Abstract = {Twenty-two young (age 17-21)and 22 old (age 60-74) men and women participated in an investigation designed to determine the extent to which age differences in omission errors and performance in a serial learning task are accounted for by cautiousness. Age differences were found on the measures of cautiousness, and verbal learning, with young adults making more correct responses and proportionately fewer omission errors on the learning task and taking greater risks on the risk-taking tasks. The results indicated that cautiousness measures accounted for age differences in omission errors but not in performance.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/33.1.94}, Key = {fds256141} } @article{fds255913, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging and communication}, Journal = {Social Science & Medicine (1967)}, Volume = {11}, Number = {10}, Pages = {579-579}, Publisher = {Elsevier BV}, Year = {1977}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0277-9536}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977EE15200011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Doi = {10.1016/0037-7856(77)90181-0}, Key = {fds255913} } @article{fds255924, Author = {George, LK and Maddox, GL}, Title = {Subjective adaptation to loss of the work role: a longitudinal study.}, Journal = {Journal of gerontology}, Volume = {32}, Number = {4}, Pages = {456-462}, Year = {1977}, Month = {July}, ISSN = {0022-1422}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DL31400011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Abstract = {Both social psychologists and social gerontologists have expressed considerable interest in adaptation to the loss of central life roles. The relationship between retirement and morale, where morale is viewed as an indicator of adaptation, is an example of research within this theoretical framework. In this study, longitudinal data for a select sample of 58 male subjects were used to examine intensively the process of adaptation to retirement. The strongest finding was evidence of high levels of adaptation in the sample as reflected in the overwhelming stability of morale over time. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social resources, particularly marital status and socioeconomic status, condition the relationship between adaptation and retirement. In summary, our analysis supports current suggestions that retirement be viewed as an event which occasions a complex social process of adaptation conditioned by a variety of resource and temporal variables.}, Doi = {10.1093/geronj/32.4.456}, Key = {fds255924} } @article{fds256142, Author = {Okun, MA}, Title = {Sex differences in serial learning for aged persons with high verbal ability.}, Journal = {Exp Aging Res}, Volume = {3}, Number = {2}, Pages = {165-169}, Year = {1977}, Month = {March}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610737708257096}, Abstract = {Serial rote learning was examined in men and women with high verbal ability aged 60-74 years. No sex differences were found in total errors, commission errors, or omissions errors. The results are in accord with the findings reported in a study by Wilkie and Eisdorfer (1977) and suggest that high verval ability may, in part, mediate sex differences in serial learning.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610737708257096}, Key = {fds256142} } @article{fds255902, Author = {BREYTSPRAAK, LM and GEORGE, LK}, Title = {MEASUREMENT OF SELF-CONCEPT AND SELF-ESTEEM IN OLDER-PEOPLE - STATE OF ART}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {17}, Number = {5}, Pages = {42-42}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1977}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1977DX50400032&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255902} } @article{fds255825, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {(review of) Aging and Communication}, Journal = {Social Science and Medicine}, Volume = {11}, Pages = {579-580}, Year = {1977}, Key = {fds255825} } @article{fds256143, Author = {George, LK and Maddox, GL}, Title = {Subjective Adaptation to Loss of the Work Role: A Longitudinal Study}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology}, Volume = {32}, Number = {32}, Pages = {356-362}, Year = {1977}, Key = {fds256143} } @article{fds288504, Author = {George, LK and Okun, MA and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Sex Differences in Serial Learning for Older Persons with High Verbal Ability}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Number = {3}, Pages = {165-169}, Publisher = {Taylor & Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles}, Year = {1977}, ISSN = {1096-4657}, Key = {fds288504} } @article{fds303876, Author = {George, LK and Maddox, GL}, Title = {Subjective Adaptation to Loss of the Work Role: A Longitudinal Study}, Journal = {Journal of Gerontology}, Number = {32}, Pages = {356-362}, Year = {1977}, Key = {fds303876} } @article{fds255867, Author = {George, LK and Okun, MA}, Title = {Misuse of analysis of covariance in aging research revisited.}, Journal = {Experimental aging research}, Volume = {2}, Number = {5}, Pages = {449-459}, Year = {1976}, Month = {September}, ISSN = {0361-073X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610737608258002}, Abstract = {Storandt and Hudson's treatment of the issue of which general linear model technique is preferable to use when age effects are confounded is misleading. Contrary to their position that hierarchical ANOVA or step-wise multiple regression is superior to ANCOVA, it is demonstrated, using hypothetical data, that identical amounts of variance can be explained by ANCOVA relative to hierarchical ANOVA and multiple regression. Multiple regression is recommended as the most appropriate technique for a variety of pragmatic reasons concerning calculation of significance tests, the distinction between gross and net effects, and the choice of the metric used in measurement.}, Doi = {10.1080/03610737608258002}, Key = {fds255867} } @article{fds256144, Author = {George, LK and Okun, MA}, Title = {Analysis of Covariance in Aging Research Revisited.}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Volume = {2}, Number = {2}, Pages = {147-151}, Year = {1976}, Month = {June}, Key = {fds256144} } @article{fds303877, Author = {George, LK and Okun, MA}, Title = {Analysis of Covariance in Aging Research Revisited}, Journal = {Experimental Aging Research}, Number = {2}, Pages = {147-151}, Year = {1976}, Key = {fds303877} } @article{fds255888, Author = {GEORGE, LK}, Title = {SOCIALIZATION TO OLD-AGE - PATH ANALYTIC MODEL}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {15}, Number = {5}, Pages = {76-76}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1975}, Month = {January}, ISSN = {0016-9013}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:A1975AR18200202&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255888} } @article{fds255662, Author = {George, LK and Atchley, RC}, Title = {Symptomatic Measures of Age}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Number = {13}, Pages = {332-336}, Year = {1973}, Key = {fds255662} } @article{fds303919, Author = {Atchley, RC and George, LKSMOA}, Title = {Symptomatic Measures of Age}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {13}, Pages = {332-336}, Year = {1973}, Key = {fds303919} } @article{fds256124, Author = {Atchley, RC and George, LK}, Title = {Symptomatic Measures of Age}, Journal = {The Gerontologist}, Volume = {13}, Pages = {332-336}, Year = {1973}, Key = {fds256124} } %% Preprints @article{fds17562, Author = {George, L.K.}, Title = {Religion and Health in Life Course Perspective}, Booktitle = {Religious Influences on Health and Well-Being in the Elderly}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {K.W. Schaie and N. Krause}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds17562} } @article{fds17564, Author = {Koenig, H.G. and George, L.K. and Titus P. and Meador, K.G.}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and Acute Hospital and Long-Term Care Use by Older Patients}, Journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds17564} } %% Other @misc{fds303872, Author = {George, LK and Harrrell, Jr., FE and Clipp, EC}, Title = {Logistic Regression}, Journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, Number = {35}, Pages = {595-596}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds303872} } @misc{fds303912, Author = {George, LK and Lynch, SM}, Title = {Disabled But Happy: Happy Life Expectancy Exceeds Active Life Expectancy}, Year = {2014}, Month = {February}, Key = {fds303912} } @misc{fds303913, Author = {Lynch, SM and George, LK}, Title = {Trajectories of Happy Life Expectancy and Active Life Expectancy}, Year = {2014}, Month = {February}, Key = {fds303913} } @misc{fds255801, Author = {Zheng, H and George, LK}, Title = {Rising U.S. Income Inequality and The Changing Gradient of Socioeconomic Status on Health, 1985-2005}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255801} } @misc{fds255802, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Support: More Answers, More Questions}, Journal = {Mind/Body Medicine}, Volume = {2}, Pages = {80-81}, Year = {1997}, Key = {fds255802} } @misc{fds2896, Author = {George, L.K.}, Title = {Social Factors and Depression}, Journal = {The Center Report}, Volume = {9}, Number = {4}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds2896} } @misc{fds255800, Author = {George, LK and Gold, DT}, Title = {Easing Caregiver Burden: An Intervention to Overcome Barriers to Service Utilization}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds255800} } @misc{fds255799, Author = {George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG and Burchett, BM}, Title = {Respite Care: A Strategy for Easing Caregiver Burden}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds255799} } @misc{fds2894, Author = {George, L.K.}, Title = {Respite Care: Evaluating a Strategy for Easing Caregiver Burden}, Journal = {Advances in Research}, Volume = {10}, Number = {2}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds2894} } @misc{fds255798, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Psychological and Social Determinants of Help-Seeking. Position paper, NIMH, in preparation for NIMH Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment Program}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds255798} } @misc{fds255795, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Coping With the Challenges of Time. Keynote Address at Canadian Association on Gerontology Annual Meetings}, Journal = {Printed in Proceedings of 1984 Canadian Association on Gerontology Meetings}, Publisher = {Vancouver: University of British Columbia.}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255795} } @misc{fds255796, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Dynamics of Caregiver Burden}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255796} } @misc{fds255797, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Burden of Caregiving: How Much? What Kinds? For Whom?}, Journal = {Advances in Research}, Volume = {8}, Number = {2}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255797} } @misc{fds255794, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caregiver Well-Being: Correlates of Burden and Relationships with Participation in Community Self-Help Groups}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1983}, Key = {fds255794} } @misc{fds255793, Author = {George, LK and Landerman, LR and Fillenbaum, GG}, Title = {Developing Measures of Functional Status and Service Utilization: Refining and Extending the OARS Methodology}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds255793} } @misc{fds255791, Author = {George, LK and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Coping with Stress and Challenge in Later Life}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1981}, Key = {fds255791} } @misc{fds255792, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Effects of Marital Status and Social Support on Service Utilization in Later Life}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1981}, Key = {fds255792} } @misc{fds255790, Author = {George, LK and Landerman, R and Halbur, B}, Title = {Quality of Care in Nursing Homes: Attitudinal and Environmental Factors}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1979}, Key = {fds255790} } @misc{fds255788, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Developing Research Tools for Gerontological Research and Practice}, Journal = {Advances in Research}, Year = {1978}, Key = {fds255788} } @misc{fds255789, Author = {George, LK and Landerman, R}, Title = {The Meaning and Measurement of Attitudes Toward Aging}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development}, Year = {1978}, Key = {fds255789} } @misc{fds255786, Author = {George, LK and Bearon, LB}, Title = {The Well-Being of Older People}, Journal = {Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development,}, Year = {1977}, Key = {fds255786} } @misc{fds255787, Author = {George, LK and Wallman, L and Landerman, R}, Title = {User’s Guide to the LRHS Data Set: 1969 and 1971}, Journal = {(Technical Report). Durham: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, 1977}, Year = {1977}, Key = {fds255787} } @misc{fds255785, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {A Comparison of Canonical Correlation and Multiple Regression in the Analysis of Change}, Journal = {Proceedings of the 1975 Joint Statistical Association}, Publisher = {Washington, D.C.: American Statistical Association, 1975}, Year = {1975}, Key = {fds255785} } @misc{fds255784, Author = {Cottrell, WF and George, LK and Smith, RW and Atchley, RC}, Title = {Ohio’s Older People: A Report for the 1971 White House Conference on Aging}, Year = {1971}, Key = {fds255784} } %% Book Chapters @misc{fds346647, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Research on religion and health: Time to be born again?}, Pages = {157-176}, Booktitle = {Homo Religiosus?: Exploring the Roots of Religion and Religious Freedom in Human Experience}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781108422352}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108381536.008}, Doi = {10.1017/9781108381536.008}, Key = {fds346647} } @misc{fds346648, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Cognition and culture: Implications for understanding religion/spirituality}, Pages = {134-158}, Booktitle = {New Dimensions in Spirituality, Religion, and Aging}, Year = {2018}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781138614802}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429463891}, Abstract = {Over the past several decades, a new paradigm focused on cognition and culture has emerged in the social and behavioral sciences. The essence of this paradigm is two-pronged, emphasizing both the ways in which dynamic cultural themes become internalized and how those internalized beliefs and values, typically referred to as worldviews, affect behavior, primarily at the unconscious level. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate that the theories and methods of the culture and cognition paradigm hold promise for better understanding the mechanisms by which religion and spirituality affect individuals’ lives as they traverse the life course from childhood to old age. A significant component of culture and cognition research has focused on moral worldviews and their associations with a variety of outcomes. One consistently observed moral worldview is a religious worldview. Research documents strong relationships between religious worldviews and some outcomes, including subjective well-being, prosocial behavior, and political orientations. These represent only a small subset of potentially important outcomes. Possible age changes and cohort differences in religious worldviews have not been examined and are priority topics for future research.}, Doi = {10.4324/9780429463891}, Key = {fds346648} } @misc{fds303880, Author = {George, LK and Ferraro, KF}, Title = {Aging and the Social Sciences: Progress and Prospects}, Pages = {3-22}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {George, LK and Ferraro, KF}, Year = {2016}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780124172357}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417235-7.00001-9}, Abstract = {The purpose of this is to highlight recent advances in social science research on aging and identify high priority topics for future research. It is organized into four sections. The first section reviews theoretical and conceptual developments in the field; the second provides an update of advances in data, methods, and statistical techniques that have become central in aging research. The third and longest section reviews three thematic topics that have emerged as cutting-edge issues in social research on aging and the life course. In the concluding section, we briefly comment upon the broader issue of how aging research contributes to major issues and assumptions in the social sciences.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-417235-7.00001-9}, Key = {fds303880} } @misc{fds304760, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociology of Aging}, Booktitle = {Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds304760} } @misc{fds303878, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion and Gerontology}, Booktitle = {Religion and the Social Sciences: Basic and Applied Perspectives}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Levin, J}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds303878} } @misc{fds303879, Author = {George, LK and Elder, GH}, Title = {Age, Cohorts, and the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Life Course}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Shanahan, M and Mortimer, J and Johnson, MK}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds303879} } @misc{fds303881, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging, Mental Health, and Well-Being}, Booktitle = {Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds303881} } @misc{fds303882, Author = {George, LK and Young, WB and Foy, SG}, Title = {Stress Outcomes}, Booktitle = {Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Cockerham, WC and Dingwall, R and Quah, S}, Year = {2015}, Month = {May}, Key = {fds303882} } @misc{fds346652, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Human Development and Health}, Pages = {267-270}, Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition}, Year = {2015}, Month = {March}, ISBN = {9780080970868}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.14028-0}, Abstract = {There are strong reciprocal relationships between health and human development. Developmental disabilities and delays in utero and in childhood are associated with compromised health at all later stages of life, including middle and old age. Conversely, physical or mental illness early in the life course stunts normal development during childhood/adolescence and is associated with disadvantaged socioeconomic status throughout adulthood.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.14028-0}, Key = {fds346652} } @misc{fds346653, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Age, Sociology of}, Pages = {327-332}, Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition}, Year = {2015}, Month = {March}, ISBN = {9780080970868}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.34031-4}, Abstract = {Age is a personal characteristic, a base of stratification, and a characteristic of populations. This article covers the sociology of aging at multiple levels of social organization. Topics reviewed include the age structures of populations, the challenges posed by aging populations, the distinction between aging processes and cohort differences, the effects of social change on cohort differentiation, and the relationships between age and individual well-being.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.34031-4}, Key = {fds346653} } @misc{fds255663, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Health and Human Development}, Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Editor = {Wright, JD}, Year = {2015}, Key = {fds255663} } @misc{fds255664, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociology of Aging}, Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Editor = {Wright, JD}, Year = {2015}, Key = {fds255664} } @misc{fds255850, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life-Course Perspectives on Mental Health}, Pages = {585-602}, Booktitle = {Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research}, Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press}, Editor = {Aneshensel, CS and Phelan, J}, Year = {2013}, Month = {January}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_28}, Abstract = {The cross-fertilization of the sociology of mental health and life-course perspectives is a valuable and increasingly investigated research topic. Mental health is dynamic rather than static, and life-course principles provide conceptual and methodological tools for understanding those dynamics. The purpose of this chapter is to review the state of the science with regard to mental health and illness in life-course perspective. It begins with a review of fundamental life-course principles, including examples of their utility for contributing to our understanding of mental health. A brief section summarizes methodological advances that permit analyses of long-term patterns of stability and change in mental health and its risk and protective factors. The core of this chapter reviews research on four key topics that combine life-course perspectives with major issues in the sociology of mental health. This chapter ends with brief recommendations for future research.}, Doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_28}, Key = {fds255850} } @misc{fds255665, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Elder Care}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Capezuti, L and Malone, MM and Mezey, M}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds255665} } @misc{fds255666, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Age Structures, Aging, and the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Gerontology: Perspectives and Issues}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Wilmoth, J and Ferraro, KF}, Year = {2013}, Key = {fds255666} } @misc{fds255667, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Foreword}, Pages = {v}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Religion and Health}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {Keonig, HG and King, D and Carson, VB}, Year = {2012}, ISBN = {8132209737}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0974-4}, Doi = {10.1007/978-81-322-0974-4}, Key = {fds255667} } @misc{fds255668, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Course Perspectives on Mental Health}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Aneshensel, CS and Phelan, J}, Year = {2012}, Key = {fds255668} } @misc{fds255669, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {As Time Goes By: Gerontological and Life Course Musings}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Sociology of Aging and the Life Course}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Sattersten, RA and Angel, J}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds255669} } @misc{fds255670, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Factors, Depression, and Aging}, Pages = {149-162}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press/Elsevier}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2011}, ISBN = {9780123808806}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380880-6.00011-3}, Abstract = {Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the older population. There is scientific consensus that depression results from social, psychological, biological, and genetic causes. This chapter examines the role of social factors in the distribution, antecedents, and consequences of depression in later life. It discusses issues and controversies in defining depression and methods of measuring depression. Mental health professionals and social scientists have different goals. Reflecting the legacy of labeling theory, social scientists also are aware of the stigma associated with mental illness. Many studies of the relationships between social factors and depression are not based on a specific theoretical paradigm. Numerous social factors are established risk and protective factors for depression in later life. They are described in categories that are widely assumed to represent increasingly proximate antecedents of depression. The relationships between several chronic stressors and depression in late life are studied. The fields of medical sociology and social epidemiology rest on the premise that morbidity and mortality are, to a significant degree, a function of individuals' social structural locations, related social advantage or disadvantage, the stressors that they experience, and the social resources with which they confront disadvantage and stressors. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-380880-6.00011-3}, Key = {fds255670} } @misc{fds255773, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociology of Aging}, Booktitle = {Concise Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G and Ryan, JM}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds255773} } @misc{fds255774, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Third Age: Fact or Fiction – and Does It Matter?}, Booktitle = {Gerontology in the Era of the Third Age}, Publisher = {Springer`}, Editor = {Carr, DC and Komp, K}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds255774} } @misc{fds255775, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {As Time Goes By: Gerontological and Life Course Musings}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Sociology of Aging and the Life Course}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Settersten, RA and Angel, J}, Year = {2011}, Key = {fds255775} } @misc{fds255843, Author = {Zeng, Y and George, LK}, Title = {Population ageing and old-age insurance in China}, Pages = {420-429}, Booktitle = {The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology}, Publisher = {SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}, Editor = {Dannefer, W.D. and Phillipson, C.}, Year = {2010}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9781412934640}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446200933.n32}, Doi = {10.4135/9781446200933.n32}, Key = {fds255843} } @misc{fds303883, Author = {George, LK and Zeng, Y}, Title = {Population Ageing and Old Age Insurance in China}, Booktitle = {The Sage Handbook of Social Gerontology}, Publisher = {Sage Publishing}, Editor = {Dannefer`, D and Phillipson, C}, Year = {2010}, Key = {fds303883} } @misc{fds346655, Author = {Lynch, SM and Scott Brown and J}, Title = {Stratification and Inequality over the Life Course}, Pages = {105-117}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2010}, ISBN = {9780123808806}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380880-6.00008-3}, Abstract = {Social scientists have long been concerned with stratification and inequality in human societies. A comprehensive understanding of stratification and inequality implicitly requires a life course approach and much of the historical research on inequality has implicitly adopted a life course view. There have been major changes both within the field of stratification and outside this domain that have ultimately led to a more explicit and broader life course focus. Development includes the recognition that inequalities in health, educational attainment, earnings, and wealth are simultaneously the causes and consequences of stratification both within and between generations. This chapter discusses the expansion of stratification research in the 1960s and 1970s to include sex and race as predictors of socioeconomic differences. The emergence of a life course perspective in the 1980s and its explicit integration into stratification research coupled with the acquisition of longitudinal data that make life course research possible is shown. A conceptual diagram illustrates the complexities of researching stratification from a life course perspective and highlights the breadth of contemporary research investigating various components of this diagram. Recent research focuses on differentiating within-individual change across the individual life course from between-individual differences both within the life course and across birth cohorts and/or periods. Studies of inequality must continue to use and develop advanced statistical techniques designed to address life course research questions using longitudinal data. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-380880-6.00008-3}, Key = {fds346655} } @misc{fds255823, Author = {O'Driscoll, MP and Brough, PA and Kalliath, TJ}, Title = {Stress and Coping}, Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Well Being}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {Johnson, M}, Year = {2009}, Month = {September}, ISBN = {9780199211913}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211913.003.0011}, Abstract = {This article considers research in the field of stress and coping via a focus on three specific areas: theoretical models of stress and coping and of work-related stressors in particular; the assessment of strain in work contexts; and coping strategies and coping measurement. It introduces and reviews the current research in each of these three areas and briefly identifies the emerging directions for consideration by stress and coping researchers. While the popularity of stress research has waxed and waned over the decades, the occurrence of major events (wars, technology, globalization) combined with advances in theoretical explanations (e.g., the transactional stress process, psychological burnout) have ensured that the relationship between individual experiences and subsequent health, adaptation, and performance remains a pertinent topic of enquiry.}, Doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211913.003.0011}, Key = {fds255823} } @misc{fds255673, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social and Economic Factors Related to Psychiatric Disorders in Late Life}, Booktitle = {Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Press}, Editor = {Blazer, D and Stefens, D}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds255673} } @misc{fds255839, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion and Spirituality in Later Life}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Publishing}, Address = {Farmington Hills, MI}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds255839} } @misc{fds255840, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Matilda White Riley}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Publishing}, Address = {Farmington Hills, MI}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds255840} } @misc{fds255841, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Conceptualizing and Measuring Trajectories}, Booktitle = {The Craft of Life Course Research}, Publisher = {Guilford Press}, Address = {Long Beach, CA}, Editor = {Elder, J and Giele, JZ}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds255841} } @misc{fds255842, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Factors, Mental Health, and Aging}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (7th edition)}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Address = {San Diego, CA}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds255842} } @misc{fds303884, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Conceptualizing and Measuring Trajectories}, Booktitle = {The Craft of Life Course Studies}, Publisher = {Guilford}, Editor = {Elder, Jr., GH and Giele, JZ}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds303884} } @misc{fds346657, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Support in Adulthood}, Booktitle = {Encylodepia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Publishing}, Address = {Farmington Hills, MI}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2009}, Key = {fds346657} } @misc{fds255804, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Duke Experience}, Pages = {255-284}, Booktitle = {Interdisciplinary Research: Case Studies from Health and Social Science}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Year = {2008}, Month = {September}, ISBN = {9780195324273}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324273.003.0016}, Abstract = {This chapter presents an interdisciplinary study on the links between religion and spirituality to health. It discusses the state-of-the science with regard to what is known about the links between religion and health. It reviews the major questions guiding the field, progress to date in answering those questions, and important directions for future effort. Throughout this review, it highlights the contributions of the research team at Duke University to this area of inquiry. The chapter also chronicles the history of the research program and describes the nuts and bolts, opportunities, and constraints to interdisciplinary research at Duke University.}, Doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324273.003.0016}, Key = {fds255804} } @misc{fds255676, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Matilda White Riley}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Sociology}, Address = {Farmington Hills, MI}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255676} } @misc{fds255836, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Elder Care}, Publisher = {Springer}, Address = {New York}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255836} } @misc{fds255837, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Respite Care}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Elder Care}, Publisher = {Springer}, Address = {New York}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255837} } @misc{fds255844, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Conceptualizing and Measuring Trajectories}, Booktitle = {The Craft of Life Course Studies}, Publisher = {Guilford}, Address = {Long Beach, CA}, Editor = {Elder, GH and Giele, JZ}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255844} } @misc{fds255845, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social and Economic Factors Related to Psychiatric Disorders in Later Life}, Series = {Fourth Edition}, Booktitle = {Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Press}, Address = {Washington, D.C.}, Editor = {Blazer, DG and Steffens, D}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255845} } @misc{fds255846, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion and Spirituality in Later Life}, Booktitle = {Encylopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Sociology}, Address = {Farmington Hills, MI}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255846} } @misc{fds255847, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Support in Adulthood}, Booktitle = {Encylopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Sociology}, Address = {Farmington Hills, MI}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds255847} } @misc{fds303885, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Support in Adulthood}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Sociology}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds303885} } @misc{fds303886, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion and Spirituality in Later Life}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Sociology}, Editor = {Carr, D}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds303886} } @misc{fds303887, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Elder Care}, Publisher = {Springer}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds303887} } @misc{fds303888, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Respite Care}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Elder Care}, Publisher = {Springer}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds303888} } @misc{fds376479, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Matilda White Riley}, Booktitle = {Encylopedia of the Life Course and Human Development}, Publisher = {Gale Sociology}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds376479} } @misc{fds255866, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life course perspectives on social factors and mental illness}, Pages = {191-218}, Booktitle = {Mental Health, Social Mirror}, Publisher = {Springer US}, Editor = {MaclLeod, J.D. and Avison, W.R.}, Year = {2007}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780387363196}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36320-2_9}, Abstract = {Virtually all major issues in the study of mental health involve conceptualizing and modeling change. Social selection and social causation, estimating the effects of stress, identifying other antecedents of mental illness, examining the consequences of mental illness - these and many other topics require conceptualization of processes and analysis of longitudinal data. Despite the centrality of dynamic processes to our understanding of mental health and illness, most longitudinal studies span relatively short periods of time and focus on temporality as a prerequisite for causal inference. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.}, Doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-36320-2_9}, Key = {fds255866} } @misc{fds255824, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Age Structures, Aging, and the Life Course}, Series = {Third Edition}, Booktitle = {Gerontology: Perspectives and Issues}, Publisher = {Springer}, Address = {New York}, Editor = {Wilmoth, J and Ferraro, K}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds255824} } @misc{fds303889, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Course Perspectives on Social Factors and Mental Illness}, Booktitle = {Mental Health, Social Mirror}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Avison, WR and McLeod, JD and Pescosolido, BA}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds303889} } @misc{fds303890, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Age Structures, Aging, and the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Gerontology: Perspectives and Issues}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Wilmoth, J and Ferraro, K}, Year = {2007}, Key = {fds303890} } @misc{fds255876, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Perceived quality of life}, Series = {6th edition}, Pages = {320-336}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Editor = {Binstock, R. B. and George, L.K.}, Year = {2006}, Month = {December}, ISBN = {9780120883882}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088388-2/50021-3}, Abstract = {This chapter examines the quality of life (QoL) among older adults. The vast majority of research on subjective well being (SWB) of an individual focuses on the relationships between objective life conditions and perceived life quality. A research model discussed in the chapter is based on cross-sectional data that is designed to provide both a temporal and a conceptual template for understanding the determinants of SWB. In addition, the model suggests that some of the determinants of SWB will be partially or totally mediated by predictors that appear in later stages of the model. Among middle-aged and younger adults, income is the strongest single predictor of SWB and health is a much weaker predictor of SWB than among older adults. Activities are conceptualized and measured in multiple ways, ranging from those that involve social interaction to purely physical forms of activity to detailed categories based on time-budget data. All types of activities-social, physical, and solitary-predict higher levels of SWB in late life. Levels of activity also appear to mediate some of the relationships between the basic demographic characteristics and the perceived life quality. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-012088388-2/50021-3}, Key = {fds255876} } @misc{fds304761, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociology of Aging}, Booktitle = {Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds304761} } @misc{fds255817, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging, Mental Health, and Well-Being}, Booktitle = {Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds255817} } @misc{fds255818, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociology of Aging}, Booktitle = {Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds255818} } @misc{fds255819, Author = {Zeng, Y and Liu, Y and George, LK}, Title = {Female Disadvantages among the Elderly in China}, Booktitle = {Longer Life and Healthy Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Zeng, Y and Crimmins, EM and Carriere, Y and Robine, JM}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds255819} } @misc{fds255820, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Self-Esteem}, Series = {4th edition}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Schulz, R and Noelker, L and Rockwood, K and Sprott, R}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds255820} } @misc{fds255821, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Series = {4th edition}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Schulz, R and Noelker, L and Rockwood, K and Sprott, R}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds255821} } @misc{fds255822, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Psychology}, Booktitle = {The Concise Encyclopedia of Ageism}, Publisher = {Haworth Press}, Editor = {Palmore, EB}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds255822} } @misc{fds303892, Author = {George, LK and Zeng, Y}, Title = {Female Disadvantages among the Elderly in China}, Booktitle = {Longer Life and Health Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Zeng, Y and Crimmons, EM and Carriere, Y and Robine, JM}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds303892} } @misc{fds303891, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging, Mental Health, and Well-Being}, Booktitle = {Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds303891} } @misc{fds303893, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Perceived Quality of Life}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds303893} } @misc{fds303894, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Shulz, R and Noelker, L and Rockwood, K and Sprott, R}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds303894} } @misc{fds303895, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Stress and Coping}, Booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, Editor = {Johnson, M}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds303895} } @misc{fds303896, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Psychology}, Booktitle = {The Concise Encyclopedia of Ageism}, Publisher = {Haworth Press}, Editor = {Palmore, EB}, Year = {2006}, Key = {fds303896} } @misc{fds255808, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Perceived Quality of Life}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (6th ed)}, Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255808} } @misc{fds255809, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging, Mental Health, and Well-Being}, Booktitle = {Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255809} } @misc{fds255810, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Sociology of Aging}, Booktitle = {Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing}, Editor = {Ritzer, G}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255810} } @misc{fds255811, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Self-Esteem}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology (4th ed.)}, Publisher = {NewYork: Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255811} } @misc{fds255812, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology (4th ed.)}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255812} } @misc{fds255813, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Age Structures, Aging, and the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Gerontology: Perspectives and Issues (3rd ed.)}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Wilmoth, J and Ferraro, K}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255813} } @misc{fds255814, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Stress and Coping}, Booktitle = {The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing}, Publisher = {Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press}, Editor = {Johnson, M}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255814} } @misc{fds255815, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Psychology}, Booktitle = {The Concise Encyclopedia of Ageism}, Publisher = {Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press}, Editor = {Palmore, EB}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255815} } @misc{fds255816, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion and Health in Life Course Perspective}, Booktitle = {Religious Influences on Health and Well-Being in the Elderly}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Schaie, KW and Krause, N}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds255816} } @misc{fds303897, Author = {George, LK and Zeng, Y and Yuzhi, L}, Title = {Female Disadvantages among the Elderly in China}, Booktitle = {Longer Life and Healthy Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Zeng, Y and Crimmins, E and Carriere, Y and Robine, J}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds303897} } @misc{fds303898, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Religion and Health in Life Course Perspective}, Booktitle = {Religious Influences on Health and Well-Being in the Elderly}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Schaie, KW and Krause, N}, Year = {2005}, Key = {fds303898} } @misc{fds255690, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social and Economic Factors Related to Psychiatric Disorders in Late Life}, Booktitle = {Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Press}, Editor = {Blazer, D and Steffens, DC and Busse, EW}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds255690} } @misc{fds255691, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Health Impact of Religious and Spiritual Practices}, Booktitle = {Healing, Intention, and Energy Medicine}, Publisher = {Elsevier Science}, Editor = {Jonas, W}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds255691} } @misc{fds303899, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Embedding Control Beliefs in Social and Cultural Context}, Booktitle = {Societal Impacts on Personal Control in the Elderly}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Shaie, KW and Zarit, S}, Year = {2004}, Key = {fds303899} } @misc{fds255807, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The health impact of religious and spiritual practices}, Pages = {3-12}, Booktitle = {Healing, Intention and Energy Medicine}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Editor = {W. Jonas}, Year = {2003}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780443072376}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-07237-6.50006-1}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-07237-6.50006-1}, Key = {fds255807} } @misc{fds17558, Author = {George, L.K.}, Title = {Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Duke Experience}, Booktitle = {Expanding the Boundaries of Health: Bio-Behavioral-Social Perspectives}, Publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press}, Editor = {F. Kessel}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds17558} } @misc{fds255805, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Embedding Control Beliefs in Social and Cultural Context}, Booktitle = {Societal Impacts on Personal Control in the Elderly}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Schaie, KW and Zarit, S}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds255805} } @misc{fds255806, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {What Life Course Perspectives Offer the Study of Aging and Health}, Booktitle = {A New Look at Old Age: An Invitation to the Life Course}, Publisher = {Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company}, Editor = {R A Settersten and J}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds255806} } @misc{fds255835, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Course Research: Achievements and Potential}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Life Course}, Publisher = {New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press}, Editor = {Mortimer, JT and Shanahan, ME}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds255835} } @misc{fds303900, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Course Research: Achievements and Potential}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Life Course}, Publisher = {Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers}, Editor = {Mortimer, JT and Shanahan, ME}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds303900} } @misc{fds303901, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {What Life Course Perspectives Offer the Study of Aging and Health}, Booktitle = {A New Look at Old Age: An Invitation to the Life Course}, Publisher = {Baywood Publishing}, Editor = {Settersen, Jr., RA}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds303901} } @misc{fds303914, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Health Impact of Religious and Spiritual Practices}, Booktitle = {Healing, Intention, and Energy Medicine}, Publisher = {Edinburgh, Scotland: Elsevier Science}, Editor = {Jonas, W}, Year = {2003}, Key = {fds303914} } @misc{fds255857, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Health and Human Development}, Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences}, Publisher = {London; Elsevier}, Editor = {Smelser, NJ and Baltes, PB}, Year = {2002}, Month = {Summer}, Key = {fds255857} } @misc{fds255858, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Satisfaction}, Booktitle = {Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {London: John Wiley & Son}, Editor = {Copeland, J and Abou-Satch, M and Blazer, DG}, Year = {2002}, Month = {Fall}, Key = {fds255858} } @misc{fds303902, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Satisfaction}, Booktitle = {Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {John Wiley & Sons}, Editor = {Copeland, J and Abou-Saleh, M and Blazer, D}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds303902} } @misc{fds309973, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Health and Human Development}, Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Editor = {Smelser, NJ and Baltes, PB}, Year = {2002}, Key = {fds309973} } @misc{fds255856, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caring and Community-Based Voluntary Organizations}, Booktitle = {The Lost Art of Caring}, Publisher = {Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press}, Editor = {Cluff, LE and Binstock, RH}, Year = {2001}, Month = {November}, Key = {fds255856} } @misc{fds255855, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socialization}, Series = {third edition}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {2001}, Month = {August}, Key = {fds255855} } @misc{fds255854, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {The Social Psychology of Health}, Series = {fifth edition}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2001}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds255854} } @misc{fds255699, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Self-esteem}, Series = {third edition}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds255699} } @misc{fds255700, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Series = {third edition}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds255700} } @misc{fds303905, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {. The Social Psychology of Health}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds303905} } @misc{fds303903, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caring and Community-Based Voluntary Organizations}, Booktitle = {The Lost Art of Caring}, Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, Editor = {Cluff, LE and Binstock, RH}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds303903} } @misc{fds303904, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socialization}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Gerontology}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {2001}, Key = {fds303904} } @misc{fds255853, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Well-Being and Sense of Self: What We Know and What We Need to Know}, Booktitle = {Societal Impact of the Aging Self}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Schaie, KW and Hendricks, J}, Year = {2000}, Month = {October}, Key = {fds255853} } @misc{fds255852, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging and the Life Course}, Series = {second edition}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {New York: Macmillan}, Year = {2000}, Month = {July}, Key = {fds255852} } @misc{fds303906, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Aging and the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Macmillan}, Editor = {Borgatta, EF and Borgatta, ML}, Year = {2000}, Key = {fds303906} } @misc{fds303907, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Well-Being and Sense of Self: What We Know and What We Need to Know}, Booktitle = {Societal Impact on the Aging Self}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Shaie, KW and Hendricks, J}, Year = {2000}, Key = {fds303907} } @misc{fds255851, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Perspectives on the Self in Later Life}, Booktitle = {Self and Society in Aging Processes}, Publisher = {New York: Springer}, Editor = {Ryff, CD and Marshall, VW}, Year = {1999}, Month = {September}, Key = {fds255851} } @misc{fds303908, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Perspectives on the Self in Later Life}, Booktitle = {Self and Society in Aging Processes}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Ryff, CD and Marshall, VW}, Year = {1999}, Key = {fds303908} } @misc{fds303909, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Course Perspectives on Mental Health}, Booktitle = {Handbook of the Sociology of Mental health}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Aneshensel, C and Phelan, J}, Year = {1999}, Key = {fds303909} } @misc{fds255849, Author = {Idler, EL and George, LK}, Title = {What Sociology Can and Cannot Help Us Understand about Religion and Mental Health}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Religion and Mental Health}, Publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press}, Editor = {Koenig, HG}, Year = {1998}, Month = {June}, Key = {fds255849} } @misc{fds303910, Author = {George, LK and Idler, EL}, Title = {What Sociology Can and Cannot Help Us Understand about Religion and Mental Health}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Religion and Mental Health}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds303910} } @misc{fds303911, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Dignity and Quality of Life in Old Age}, Booktitle = {Dignity and Old Age}, Publisher = {Sage}, Editor = {Moody, HR}, Year = {1998}, Key = {fds303911} } @misc{fds255708, Author = {George, LK and Clipp, EC and Elder, Jr., GH and Pieper, CF}, Title = {Trajectories of Health in Aging Populations}, Pages = {177-198}, Booktitle = {Rural Health and Aging Research: Theory, Methods and Practical Applications}, Publisher = {Baywood Publishing}, Editor = {Gesler, WM and Rabiner, DJ and DeFriese, GH}, Year = {1997}, ISBN = {0895031833}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315223773-9}, Abstract = {This chapter examines several methodological approaches to monitoring temporal patterns of health in later life that may be applied to rural populations. It focuses on the concept of “health trajectory” as part of a strategy that will allow to bring population-based health statistics together with the richness and diversity of clinical patterns. The chapter explores relevant literature on health assessment over the lifespan to consider the more traditional ways that patterns of temporal health have been captured. Longitudinal studies offer the greatest promise for obtaining reasonably conclusive answers to questions regarding temporal health processes. The method by which a trajectory approach could be applied to questions of rural aging would begin by locating appropriate longitudinal data sets and examining basic comparisons of health trajectories among rural and non-rural populations. Health Care Financing Administration records and state Medicaid records will be the primary sources of information about use of hospitals and long-term care facilities.}, Doi = {10.4324/9781315223773-9}, Key = {fds255708} } @misc{fds255709, Author = {George, LK and Elder, Jr, GH and Shanahan, MJ}, Title = {Psychosocial Stress Over the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Psychosocial Stress: Perspectives on Structure, Theory, Life Course, and Methods}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds255709} } @misc{fds255710, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social and economic factors related to psychiatric disorders in late life}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Press}, Editor = {Busse, EW and Blazer, D}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds255710} } @misc{fds255711, Author = {George, LK and Scott-Lennox, J}, Title = {The Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Services Use Among Older Americans}, Booktitle = {Mental Health Services: A Public Health Perspective}, Publisher = {Oxford University Press}, Editor = {Levin, BL and Petrila, J}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds255711} } @misc{fds255712, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Factors and Illness}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {1996}, Key = {fds255712} } @misc{fds255713, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socialization}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255713} } @misc{fds255714, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Self-Esteem}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {MAddox, GL}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255714} } @misc{fds255715, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Respite Care}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255715} } @misc{fds255716, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255716} } @misc{fds255717, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Affect Balance Scale}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1995}, Key = {fds255717} } @misc{fds255718, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Adaptation}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds255718} } @misc{fds255719, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caregiving}, Booktitle = {Older Americans Almanac}, Publisher = {Gale Research, Inc}, Editor = {Manheimer, RJ}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds255719} } @misc{fds255720, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Satisfaction}, Booktitle = {The Psychiatry of Old Age: An International Textbook}, Publisher = {John Wiley}, Editor = {Copeland, JRM and Abou-Saleh, MT and Blazer, D}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds255720} } @misc{fds255721, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Factors and Depression in Late Life}, Booktitle = {Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Press}, Editor = {Schneider, LS and Raynolds, CF and Lebowitz, B and Friedoff, A}, Year = {1994}, Key = {fds255721} } @misc{fds255722, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events: Influence on Adult Development}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Adult Development}, Publisher = {Oryx Press}, Editor = {Kastenbaum, R}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds255722} } @misc{fds255723, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Depressive Disorders and Symptoms in Later Life}, Booktitle = {Mental Health and Aging: Progress and Prospects}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Smyer, MA}, Year = {1993}, Key = {fds255723} } @misc{fds255724, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Economic Status and Subjective Well Being}, Booktitle = {Aging, Money, and Life Satisfaction}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Cutler, NE and Gregg, DW and Lawton, MP}, Year = {1992}, Key = {fds255724} } @misc{fds255725, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Community and Home Care for Mentally Ill Older Adults}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Mental Health and Aging}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Birren, JE and Sloane, RB and Cohen, GD}, Year = {1992}, Key = {fds255725} } @misc{fds255726, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Gerontology}, Volume = {9}, Pages = {27-35}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Sociology}, Publisher = {Macmillan}, Editor = {Borgatta, EF and Borgatta, ML}, Year = {1992}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j021v09n04_04}, Abstract = {This paper will discuss some of the major topics which are essential to a core course in Social Gerontology and some suggestions for how best to help students understand these topics. It is assumed that Social Gerontology is an essential part of the "backbone of gerontology."}, Doi = {10.1300/j021v09n04_04}, Key = {fds255726} } @misc{fds255727, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Factors and the Onset and Outcome of Depression.}, Booktitle = {Aging, Health Behaviors, and Health Outcomes}, Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, Editor = {Schaie, KW and House, DG and Blazer, D}, Year = {1992}, Key = {fds255727} } @misc{fds255728, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, D}, Title = {The Epidemiology of Mental Illness in Rural Areas}, Booktitle = {Health and Safety in Agriculture}, Publisher = {CRC PRess}, Editor = {Dosman, JA and Cockcroft, DW}, Year = {1991}, Key = {fds255728} } @misc{fds255729, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, DG and Hughes, D and Swartz, M and Boyer, J}, Title = {Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, Booktitle = {Psychiatric Disorders in America}, Publisher = {Free Press}, Editor = {Robins, LN and Regier, DA}, Year = {1991}, Key = {fds255729} } @misc{fds255730, Author = {George, LK and Landerman, R and Blazer, D and Anthony, JA}, Title = {Cognitive Impairment: Prevalence, Correlates, and Consequences}, Booktitle = {Psychiatric Disorders in America}, Publisher = {Free Press}, Editor = {Robins, LN and Regier, DA}, Year = {1991}, Key = {fds255730} } @misc{fds255731, Author = {George, LK and Swartz, M and Landerman, R and Blazer, D and Escobar, J}, Title = {Somatization Disorder}, Booktitle = {Psychiatric Disorders in America}, Publisher = {Free Press}, Editor = {Robins, LN and Regier, DA}, Year = {1991}, Key = {fds255731} } @misc{fds255732, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Vulnerability and Social Factors}, Booktitle = {Understanding and Serving Vulnerable Older Adults and Aged}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Harel, Z and Ehrlich, P and Hubbard, R}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds255732} } @misc{fds255733, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Structure, Social Processes, and Social Psychological States}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Binstock, RH and George, LK}, Year = {1990}, Key = {fds255733} } @misc{fds255734, Author = {George, LK and Maddox, GL}, Title = {Social Aspects of Institutional Care}, Booktitle = {Aging and Health Care: Social Science and Policy Perspectives}, Publisher = {Tavistock}, Editor = {Ory, MG and Bond, K}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255734} } @misc{fds255735, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Services Research: Research Problems and Possibilities}, Booktitle = {Alzheimer's Disease Treatment and Family Stress: Directions for Research}, Publisher = {U.S. Government Printing Office}, Editor = {Light, E and Lebowitz, BD}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255735} } @misc{fds255736, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, DG and Woodbury, MA and Manton, KG}, Title = {Internal Consistency of DSM III Diagnoses}, Booktitle = {The Validity of Psychiatric Diagnosis}, Publisher = {Raven Press}, Editor = {robins, LN and Barrett, JE}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255736} } @misc{fds255737, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Definition, Classification, and Measurement of Mental Health Services}, Booktitle = {The Future of Mental Health Services Research}, Publisher = {Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office}, Editor = {Taube, CA and Mechanic, D}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255737} } @misc{fds255738, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Stress, Social Support, and Depression over the Life Course}, Booktitle = {Aging, Stress and Health}, Publisher = {John Wiley}, Editor = {Markides, KS and Cooper, CL}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255738} } @misc{fds255739, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Economic Factors}, Booktitle = {Geriatric Psychiatry}, Publisher = {American Psychiatric Press}, Editor = {Busse, EW and Blazer, DG}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255739} } @misc{fds255740, Author = {George, LK and Gold, DT}, Title = {Job Loss in Middle Age}, Booktitle = {Coping with Losses in Middle Age}, Publisher = {Sage Publications}, Editor = {Kalish, R}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255740} } @misc{fds255741, Author = {George, LK and Landerman, R and Blazer, D and Melville, ML}, Title = {Concurrent Morbidity between Physical and Mental Illness: An Epidemiological Examination}, Booktitle = {Mechanisms of Psychological Influence on Physical Health, with Special Attention to the Elderly}, Publisher = {Plenum}, Editor = {Carstensen, LL and Neale, J}, Year = {1989}, Key = {fds255741} } @misc{fds255742, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Social Participation in Later Life: Black White Differences}, Booktitle = {The Black American Elderly: Research on Physical and Psychosocial Health}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Jackson, JS}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds255742} } @misc{fds255743, Author = {George, LK and Hughes, LK}, Title = {Schizophrenic Symptoms in an Elderly Community Population.}, Booktitle = {Epidemiology and Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Brody, J and Maddox, GL}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds255743} } @misc{fds255744, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, DG and Winfield Laird and I and Leaf, PJ}, Title = {Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Service Use in Later Life: Evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Booktitle = {Epidemiology and Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Brody, J and Maddox, GL}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds255744} } @misc{fds255745, Author = {George, LK and Gwyther, LP}, Title = {Support Groups for Caregivers of Memory Impaired Elderly: Easing Caregiver Burden}, Booktitle = {Families in Transition: Primary Prevention Programs That Work}, Publisher = {Sage Publications}, Editor = {Bond, LA and Wagner, BM}, Year = {1988}, Key = {fds255745} } @misc{fds255746, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Easing Caregiver Burden: The Role of Informal and Formal Supports}, Booktitle = {Health and Aging: Sociological Issues and Policy Directions}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Ward, RA and Tobin, SS}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255746} } @misc{fds255747, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Non Familial Support for Older Persons: Who Is Out There and How Can They Be Reached?}, Booktitle = {Handbook of Applied Gerontology}, Publisher = {Human Sciences Press}, Editor = {Lesnoff Caravaglia and G}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255747} } @misc{fds255748, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Respite Care}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255748} } @misc{fds255749, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socialization}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255749} } @misc{fds255750, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Self Esteem}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255750} } @misc{fds255751, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Life Events}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255751} } @misc{fds255752, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Affect Balance Scale}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255752} } @misc{fds255753, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Adaptation}, Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Aging}, Publisher = {Springer}, Editor = {Maddox, GL}, Year = {1987}, Key = {fds255753} } @misc{fds255754, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, D and Crowell, Jr, BA and Landerman, R}, Title = {Urban/rural Differences in Depressive Disorders: Does Age Make a Difference?}, Booktitle = {Mental Disorder in the Community: Progress and Challenge}, Publisher = {Guilford Press}, Editor = {Barrett, J}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds255754} } @misc{fds255755, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Caregiver Burden: Conflict Between Norms of Reciprocity and Solidarity}, Booktitle = {Conflict and Abuse in Families of the Elderly: Theory, Research, and Intervention}, Publisher = {Auburn Hosue}, Editor = {Pillemer, K and Wolf, R}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds255755} } @misc{fds255756, Author = {George, LK and Gatz, M and Siegler, IC and Tyler, FB}, Title = {Attributional Components of Locus of Control: Cross sectional and Longitudinal Analyses}, Booktitle = {Aging and the Psychology of Control}, Publisher = {Erlbaum}, Editor = {Baltes, MM and Baltes, PB}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds255756} } @misc{fds255757, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, D and Landerman, R}, Title = {The Phenomenology of Late Life Depression}, Booktitle = {Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly}, Publisher = {The Mental Foundation}, Editor = {Bebbington, PE and Jacoby, R}, Year = {1986}, Key = {fds255757} } @misc{fds346663, Author = {VonKorff, M and Cottler, L and George, LK and Eaton, WW and Leaf, PJ and Burnam, A}, Title = {Nonresponse and Nonresponse Bias in the ECA Surveys}, Pages = {85-98}, Booktitle = {Epidemiologic Field Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Year = {1985}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780080917986}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50009-9}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50009-9}, Key = {fds346663} } @misc{fds346664, Author = {Leaf, PJ and German, PS and Spitznagel, E and George, LK and Landsverk, J and Windle, CD}, Title = {Sampling: The Institutional Survey}, Pages = {49-66}, Booktitle = {Epidemiologic Field Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Year = {1985}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {9780080917986}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50007-5}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50007-5}, Key = {fds346664} } @misc{fds255760, Author = {George, LK and Shapiro, S and Tischler, G and Cottler, L and Amirkan, J and Kessler, LG}, Title = {Health Services Research Questions}, Pages = {191-208}, Booktitle = {Epidemiologic Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Eaton, WW and Kessler, LG}, Year = {1985}, ISBN = {9780080917986}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50014-2}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50014-2}, Key = {fds255760} } @misc{fds255761, Author = {George, LK and Skinner, A and Holzer, C and Works, J and Timbers, D and Munson, M}, Title = {Data Preparation}, Pages = {99-115}, Booktitle = {Epidemiologic Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Eaton, WW and Kessler, LG}, Year = {1985}, ISBN = {9780080917986}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50010-5}, Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-091798-6.50010-5}, Key = {fds255761} } @misc{fds255762, Author = {George, LK and Von Korff and M and Leaf, P and Cottler, L and Burnam, A and Eaton, W}, Title = {Response Rates and Non Response}, Booktitle = {Epidemiologic Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Eaton, WW and Kessler, LG}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds255762} } @misc{fds255763, Author = {George, LK and German, LP and Spitznagel, E and Landverk, J and Windle, C}, Title = {The Institutional Population}, Booktitle = {Epidemiologic Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Editor = {Kessler, LG and Eaton, WW}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds255763} } @misc{fds255765, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socialization to Old Age: A Path Analytic Model}, Booktitle = {Normal Aging III}, Publisher = {Duke University Press}, Editor = {Palmore, E and Nowlin, J and Busse, EW and Siegler, IC and Maddox, GL}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds255765} } @misc{fds255767, Author = {George, LK and Okun, MA}, Title = {Self Concept Content in a Sample of Middle Aged and Older Adults}, Booktitle = {Normal Aging III}, Publisher = {Duke University Press}, Editor = {Nowlin, PJ and Siegler, IC and Busse, EW and Maddox, GL}, Year = {1985}, Key = {fds255767} } @misc{fds255758, Author = {George, LK and Blazer, D and Woodbury, M and Manton, K and Jordan, K}, Title = {The Elderly Alcoholic: A Profile}, Booktitle = {Nature and Extent of Alcohol Problems among the Elderly}, Publisher = {National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism}, Editor = {Maddox, G and Robins, LN and Rosenberg, N}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255758} } @misc{fds255759, Author = {George, LK and Siegler, IC}, Title = {Aging, Stress, and Health}, Booktitle = {Aging and Technological Advances}, Publisher = {Plenum Press}, Editor = {Robinson, P and Livingston, J and Birren, JE}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255759} } @misc{fds255764, Author = {George, LK and Winfield Laird and I}, Title = {The Aging of U.S. College and University Faculty}, Booktitle = {New Directions for Teaching and Learning: Teaching and Aging}, Publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, Editor = {Mehrotra, CMN}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255764} } @misc{fds255766, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Institutionalized}, Booktitle = {Handbook on the Aged in the United States}, Publisher = {Greenwood Press}, Editor = {Palmore, E}, Year = {1984}, Key = {fds255766} } @misc{fds255768, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Socialization, Roles, and Identity in Later Life}, Volume = {IV}, Booktitle = {Research in the Sociology of Education and Socialization, Volume-IV: Personal Change Over the Life Course.}, Publisher = {JAI Press}, Editor = {Kerckhoff, AC}, Year = {1983}, Key = {fds255768} } @misc{fds255769, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Nursing Turnover in Long Term Care Institutions}, Booktitle = {Research in the Sociology of Work, Volume II: Peripheral Workers}, Publisher = {JAI Press}, Editor = {Simpson, IH and Simpson, RL}, Year = {1983}, Key = {fds255769} } @misc{fds255771, Author = {George, LK and Breytspraak, LM}, Title = {Self Concept and Self Esteem}, Volume = {1}, Booktitle = {Research Instruments in Social Gerontology, Volume 1: Clinical and Social Psychology}, Publisher = {University of Minnesota Press}, Editor = {Mangen, DJ and Peterson, WA}, Year = {1982}, Key = {fds255771} } @misc{fds255770, Author = {George, LK}, Title = {Subjective Well Being: Conceptual and Methodological Issues}, Booktitle = {Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics}, Publisher = {Springer}, Year = {1981}, Key = {fds255770} } @misc{fds255772, Author = {George, LK and Maddox, GL}, Title = {Adaptation to Loss of the Work Role.}, Booktitle = {Dimensions of Aging}, Publisher = {Winthrop}, Editor = {Hendricks, J and Davis Hendricks and C}, Year = {1979}, Key = {fds255772} } %% Work In Progress @misc{fds154343, Author = {Lynch, S.M. and George, L.K.}, Title = {Trajectories of Happy Life Expectancy and Active Life Expectancy}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds154343} } @misc{fds154342, Author = {George, L.K. and Lynch, S.M.}, Title = {Disabled But Happy: Happy Life Expectancy Exceeds Active Life Expectancy}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds154342} } %% Presented Papers @article{fds255927, Author = {Hastings, SN and George, LK and Fillenbaum, GG and Park, RS and Burchett, BM and Schmader, KE}, Title = {Does social support predict emergency department utilization in older adults?}, Journal = {JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY}, Volume = {54}, Number = {4}, Pages = {S72-S73}, Publisher = {BLACKWELL PUBLISHING}, Year = {2006}, Month = {April}, ISSN = {0002-8614}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000237069300211&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255927} } @article{fds255917, Author = {George, LK and Hays, JC and Flint, EP and Meador, KG}, Title = {Religion and health in life course perspective}, Journal = {RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN THE ELDERLY}, Pages = {246-282}, Publisher = {SPRINGER PUBLISHING CO}, Editor = {Schaie, KW and Krause, N and Booth, A}, Year = {2004}, Month = {January}, ISBN = {0-8261-2404-6}, url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000223339000016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92}, Key = {fds255917} } @article{fds346665, Author = {FILLENBAUM, GG and GEORGE, LK and PALMORE, EB}, Title = {COMPARISON OF THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF RETIREMENT AMONG BLACK-MALES AND WHITE MALES}, Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST}, Volume = {23}, Pages = {294-294}, Publisher = {GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER}, Year = {1983}, Month = {January}, Key = {fds346665} } %% Under Review @article{fds53227, Author = {Durpre, M.E. and George, L.K.}, Title = {Exceptions to the Rule: Exceptional Health among the Disadvantaged}, Journal = {Research on Aging}, Year = {2008}, Key = {fds53227} } | |
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