Sanford School of Public Policy
Duke University
Publications of Sherman A. James :recent first alphabetical combined listing:
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%% Journal Articles
@article{fds277724,
Author = {Tucker, RC and James, SA},
Title = {Note on ’Strangers in Paradise’ or Telling It Like It
Isn’t},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {37},
Number = {2},
Pages = {304-304},
Year = {1971},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0031957},
Doi = {10.1037/h0031957},
Key = {fds277724}
}
@article{fds277879,
Author = {Shulman, AD and James, SA},
Title = {Effects of Participation in Undergraduate Community
Psychology Work-Study Programs on Self Actualization and
Vocational Plans},
Journal = {American Journal of Community Psychology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-181},
Year = {1973},
ISSN = {0091-0562},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00880134},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00880134},
Key = {fds277879}
}
@article{fds304191,
Author = {Shulman, AD and James, SA},
Title = {Undergraduate community psychology work-study programs:
effects on self-actualization and vocational
plans.},
Journal = {American journal of community psychology},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-181},
Year = {1973},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0091-0562},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00880134},
Doi = {10.1007/bf00880134},
Key = {fds304191}
}
@article{fds277860,
Author = {James, SA and Kleinbaum, DG},
Title = {Socioecologic stress and hypertension related mortality
rates in North Carolina.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {66},
Number = {4},
Pages = {354-358},
Year = {1976},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.66.4.354},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.66.4.354},
Key = {fds277860}
}
@article{fds277770,
Author = {Graham, T and Kaplan, BH and Cornoni Huntley and JC and James, SA and Becker, C and Hames, CG and Heyden, S},
Title = {Frequency of Church Attendance and Blood Pressure
Elevation},
Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37-43},
Year = {1978},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00846585},
Abstract = {Blood pressure levels were examined with regard to church
attendance patterns in a group of white male heads of
households who appeared in the 1967-1969 follow-up
examination of the Evans County Cardiovascular Epidemiologic
Study. A consistent pattern of lower systolic and diastolic
blood pressures among frequent church attenders was found
compared to that of infrequent attenders which was not due
to the effects of age, obesity, cigarette smoking, or
socioeconomic status.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf00846585},
Key = {fds277770}
}
@article{fds277854,
Author = {Tyroler, HA and James, SA},
Title = {Editorial: Blood Pressure and Skin Color},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {68},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1170-1172},
Year = {1978},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.68.12.1170},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.68.12.1170},
Key = {fds277854}
}
@article{fds277856,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {The Psychologist in a Public Health Setting: Implications
for Training},
Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Number = {4},
Pages = {324-327},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1978},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(197810)6:4<324::AID-JCOP2290060408>3.0.CO;},
Abstract = {This paper summarizes how a traditionally trained clinical
psychologist transformed himself, with no small difficulty,
into a research‐oriented community psychologist and a
faculty member of a multidisciplinary department within a
school of public health. Further, the author discusses what
he calls a two‐way relationship between epidemiology and
community psychology and proposes a core curriculum for
research training in community psychology at the graduate
level. Copyright © 1978 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley
Company},
Doi = {10.1002/1520-6629(197810)6:4<324::AID-JCOP2290060408>3.0.CO;},
Key = {fds277856}
}
@article{fds277857,
Author = {James, SA and Kaplan, BH and Millstone, LH},
Title = {Soul City: Attitudes Toward a Developing New
Town},
Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
Volume = {6},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88-99},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1978},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(197801)6:1<88::AID-JCOP2290060118>3.0.CO;2},
Abstract = {This study examined the differences in the attitudes of
black and white students towards Soul City, a new town
currently under construction in Warren County, North
Carolina. 115 white students and 45 black students attending
a predominantly white university and 122 black students
attending a predominantly black university responded to a
survey instrument developed to measure attitudes towards the
new town. Scores on the instrument were factor analyzed and
while no significant differences were found between the two
black student groups, blacks and whites, over all, differed
on three of the four factorial dimensions identified: Social
Idealism, Social Trust, and Human Welfare. These findings
are discussed in terms of the larger community psychology
significance of Soul City. Copyright © 1978 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company},
Doi = {10.1002/1520-6629(197801)6:1<88::AID-JCOP2290060118>3.0.CO;2},
Key = {fds277857}
}
@article{fds277858,
Author = {Stiles, W and Putman, S and James, SA and Wolf, M},
Title = {Acquiescence-Control and Patient Satisfaction with Medical
Interviews},
Journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {369},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds277858}
}
@article{fds277859,
Author = {Stiles, W and Putman, S and Wolf, M and James, SA},
Title = {Patient-Physician Verbal Interactions},
Journal = {Clinical Research},
Volume = {26},
Pages = {51A},
Year = {1978},
Key = {fds277859}
}
@article{fds277855,
Author = {Wolf, MH and Putnam, SM and James, SA and Stiles,
WB},
Title = {The Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale: development of a
scale to measure patient perceptions of physician
behavior.},
Journal = {Journal of behavioral medicine},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {391-401},
Year = {1978},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00846695},
Abstract = {Patient satisfaction is a variable of increasing interest to
researchers, clinicians, and medical educators. Of several
studies reviewed, only a few have shown evidence of careful
methodology. Most surveys have focused on general
evaluations of doctors and/or health care services or of a
particular facility. The present article reports the
development of a scale to measure patient satisfaction with
an encounter with a physician or other primary care
provider. Methods of item generation and pretesting are
detailed. The overall reliability of the scale (Cronbach's
coefficient alpha) is 0.93. The distribution of satisfaction
scores is broader than that reported for other scales and
approaches the normal in shape. Clinical and research
applications of the scale are suggested.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf00846695},
Key = {fds277855}
}
@article{fds277852,
Author = {Stiles, WB and Putnam, SM and James, SA and Wolf,
MH},
Title = {Dimensions of patient and physician roles in medical
screening interviews},
Journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
Volume = {13 A},
Number = {3},
Pages = {335-341},
Year = {1979},
Abstract = {Social theorists have agreed that physicians are usually
presumptuous and controlling while patients are usually
deferent and acquiescent in medical encounters, but have
disagreed about patient reaction to these reciprocal roles.
One view has been that the status and power gap is bridged
by a pattern of patient trust and physician attentiveness,
while another view has been that patients become alienated
as physicians use their control to maintain their
institutionalized authority. These views were tested in a
sample of 52 medical screening interviews with adults using
an utterance-by-utterance coding system that yields scores
on three dimensions in interpersonal roles, attentiveness',
acquiescence' and 'presumptuousness'. Coding yielded
quantitative descriptions of patient-physician interaction
that conformed closely to theoretical expectations. Patient
satisfaction, assessed by a post-interview questionnaire,
was positively correlated with physician acquiescence in the
conclusion segment of the interview but not in the medical
history or physical examination. Patients were also more
satisfied when they expressed themselves in their own words
during the medical history and when physicians were more
informative in the conclusion segment. The results suggest
possible refinements in current theoretical views of patient
and physician roles.},
Key = {fds277852}
}
@article{fds340672,
Author = {Stiles, WB and Putnam, SM and Wolf, MH and James,
SA},
Title = {Verbal response mode profiles of patients and physicians in
medical screening interviews},
Journal = {Journal of Medical Education},
Volume = {54},
Number = {2},
Pages = {81-89},
Year = {1979},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-197902000-00003},
Abstract = {The medical importance of the patient-physician relationship
is widely acknowledged, but research on its effects has been
hampered by the lack of a method to quantify its clinically
relevant features. In this study a new method of coding
verbal interaction was applied to 52 interviews with adults
in a general medical screening clinic. 'Average interaction
profiles' for patients and for physicians in the medical
history, physical examination, and conclusion segments of
the interviews provided detailed descriptions of the
relationship that appear to be accurate and coincide with
descriptions derived from clinical experience, textbooks,
and other studies. The profiles yield quantitative indexes
of such crucial aspects of the relationship as the manner in
which patients give a history and physicians transmit
information to patients.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001888-197902000-00003},
Key = {fds340672}
}
@article{fds277851,
Author = {Stiles, WB and Putnam, SM and Wolf, MH and James,
SA},
Title = {Interaction exchange structure and patient satisfaction with
medical interviews.},
Journal = {Medical care},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {667-681},
Year = {1979},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-197906000-00010},
Abstract = {The verbal interaction between patients and physicians in 52
initial interviews in a university hospital screening clinic
was studied using a new discourse coding system. Factor
analysis of category frequencies showed that each interview
segment, medical history, physical examination, and
conclusion, consisted mainly of two or three types of verbal
exchange. Patient satisfaction with the interviews, assessed
with a questionnaire that yields separate scores for
satisfaction with cognitive and affective aspects, was found
to be associated with exchanges involving the transmission
of information in particular interview segments. Affective
satisfaction was associated with transmission of information
from patient to physician in "exposition" exchanges during
the medical history, in which patients told their story in
their own words. Cognitive satisfaction was associated with
transmission of information from physician to patient in
"feedback" exchanges during the conclusion segment, in which
physicians gave patients information about illness and
treatment.},
Doi = {10.1097/00005650-197906000-00010},
Key = {fds277851}
}
@article{fds277850,
Author = {Dreyer, N and Woods, N and James, SA},
Title = {ISRO: A Valid Scale for Measuring Sex Role Orientation: Sex
Roles},
Journal = {A Journal for Research},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {173-182},
Year = {1981},
Key = {fds277850}
}
@article{fds277756,
Author = {Dreyer, NA and Woods, NF and James, SA},
Title = {ISRO: A scale to measure sex-role orientation},
Journal = {Sex Roles},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-182},
Publisher = {Springer Nature America, Inc},
Year = {1981},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0360-0025},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287803},
Abstract = {Sex-role research has been hampered by a lack of valid and
reliable research tools to measure the construct being
studied. This article describes the development of a
research scale (ISRO) to measure women's sex-role
orientation. This 16-item questionnaire has been shown to be
internally consistent and to have fairly high temporal
stability over 30 days. The high sensitivity (96.2%) and
specificity (95.5%) suggest that it differentiates feminist
from traditional women. Three factors assess attitudinal
domains of conflict between family responsibilities and
having a career; male/female division of household
responsibilities; and women's work roles outside the home.
Education appears to be the strongest predictor of ISRO
scores. © 1981 Plenum Publishing Corporation.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00287803},
Key = {fds277756}
}
@article{fds277849,
Author = {Parkerson, GR and Gehlbach, SH and Wagner, EH and James, SA and Clapp,
NE and Muhlbaier, LH},
Title = {The Duke-UNC Health Profile: an adult health status
instrument for primary care.},
Journal = {Med Care},
Volume = {19},
Number = {8},
Pages = {806-828},
Year = {1981},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0025-7079},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7278417},
Abstract = {The Duke--UNC Health Profile (DUHP) was developed as a brief
63-item instrument designed to measure adult health status
in the primary care setting along four dimensions: symptom
status, physical function, emotional function and social
function. Reliability and validity were tested on a group of
395 ambulatory patients in a family medicine center.
Temporal stability Spearman correlations ranged from 0.52 to
0.82 for the four dimensions. Cronbach's alpha for internal
consistency was 0.85 for emotional function. Guttman's
reproducibility coefficients were 0.98 for physical function
and 0.93 for social function, and the scalability
coefficients were 0.89 for physical and 0.71 for social.
Observed relationships between DUHP scores and demographic
characteristics of the respondents correlated well with
those predicted by the investigators (overall Spearman
correlation 0.79). Convergent and discriminant validity was
supported by strong associations between components of DUHP
and those on the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), the
Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Tennessee), and the Zung
Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung). DUHP with SIP
monocomponent-heteromethod Spearman correlations ranged from
0.34 to 0.45, and those for DUHP with Tennessee ranged from
0.68 to 0.81. DUHP with Zung monoitem--heteromethod
correlations ranged from 0.54 to 0.57. It is concluded that
this evidence supports the reliability and validity of the
DUHP as an instrument suitable for studying the impact of
primary health care on the health outcomes of
patients.},
Doi = {10.1097/00005650-198108000-00002},
Key = {fds277849}
}
@article{fds277847,
Author = {Jensen, EW and James, SA and Boyce, WT and Hartnett,
SA},
Title = {The family routines inventory: development and
validation.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {201-211},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(83)90117-x},
Abstract = {This report builds upon pertinent theoretical considerations
regarding the nature and importance of routinization within
families and describes the development and validation of a
standardized inventory to measure family routines. The
Family Routines Inventory (FRI) measures 28 positive,
strength-promoting family routines, those observable,
repetitive behaviours which involve two or more family
members and which occur with predictable regularity in the
daily life of a family. The 28 routines were selected from
an extensive list of 104 routines obtained through family
interviews. Scoring options for the inventory were
identified based on their face validity and consistency with
the underlying theoretical construct. The inventory was
subsequently administered to a diverse group of families for
reliability and validity testing. This testing identified an
optimal scoring method (frequency score) for the inventory
and revealed that the Family Routines Inventory, which
measures the extent and importance of routinization within a
given family, appears to be a reliable and valid measure of
family cohesion, solidarity, order and overall satisfaction
with family life.},
Doi = {10.1016/0277-9536(83)90117-x},
Key = {fds277847}
}
@article{fds277848,
Author = {Boyce, WT and Jensen, EW and James, SA and Peacock,
JL},
Title = {The family routines inventory: theoretical
origins.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {193-200},
Year = {1983},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(83)90116-8},
Abstract = {This paper describes the conceptual foundation underlying
the development of the Family Routines Inventory, a new
instrument designed to measure the extent of predictability
or routinization in the daily life of a family. The primary
impetus for the development of this instrument is a
theoretical perspective in which family routines are
regarded as behaviors which may protect the health and
well-being of family members by providing stability and
continuity during periods of stressful change.},
Doi = {10.1016/0277-9536(83)90116-8},
Key = {fds277848}
}
@article{fds277846,
Author = {Broadhead, WE and Kaplan, BH and James, SA and Wagner, EH and Schoenbach, VJ and Grimson, R and Heyden, S and Tibblin, G and Gehlbach,
SH},
Title = {The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social
support and health.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {117},
Number = {5},
Pages = {521-537},
Year = {1983},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-9262},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113575},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113575},
Key = {fds277846}
}
@article{fds277845,
Author = {James, SA and Hartnett, SA and Kalsbeek, WD},
Title = {John Henryism and blood pressure differences among black
men.},
Journal = {Journal of behavioral medicine},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {259-278},
Year = {1983},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01315113},
Abstract = {A community probability sample of southern working-class,
black men (N = 132) between 17 and 60 years of age was
administered a scale to measure the degree to which they
felt they could control their environment through hard work
and determination. Since the legend of John Henry--the
famous, black steeldriver of American folklore--can be
understood as a cultural statement about how black Americans
must often attempt to control behavioral stressors through
hard work and determination, items for the scale were
developed to reflect the theme of John Henryism. It was
hypothesized that men scoring below the median on education
but above the median on John Henryism would have higher
blood pressures than any other group. The data were in line
with the prediction, in that men who scored low on education
and high on John Henryism had significantly higher diastolic
blood pressures than men who scored above the median on both
measures. Study findings are discussed in terms of the
meaning that education and John Henryism may have for
raising or lowering autonomic arousal when individuals
encounter behavioral stressors in everyday
life.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf01315113},
Key = {fds277845}
}
@article{fds277759,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA},
Title = {Maternal Depression in an Urban Pediatric
Practice},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {74},
Number = {4},
Pages = {363-365},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.74.4.363},
Abstract = {A scale to measure depressive symptomatology was
administered to mothers attending an urban pediatric primary
care center. Over 50 per cent of the female heads of
households were Black or low income and depressed. This
suggests that the provider of pediatric primary care should
recognize depression and make appropriate referrals or
intervention, since depressed mothers may have a diminished
ability to respond to the emotional needs of their
children.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.74.4.363},
Key = {fds277759}
}
@article{fds277839,
Author = {James, SA and LaCroix, AZ and Kleinbaum, DG and Strogatz,
DS},
Title = {John Henryism and Blood Pressure Differences Among Black
Men: II. The Role of Occupational Stressors},
Journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {257-273},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00845359},
Abstract = {In this study, the effects of psychosocial job stressors on
the resting blood pressure (BP) of 112 black male workers
were examined. The subjects resided in a rural, poor,
predominantly black community in eastern North Carolina. The
job stressors included unemployment, lack of job security,
lack of job success, the perception that wages earned were
too low for the work performed (and inhibited anger about
unfair wages), and the perception that being black had
hindered chances for achieving job success. The
effect-modifying influence of on-the-job social support, and
John Henryism, on several of these relationships was also
examined. For systolic blood pressure, a main effect was
observed for job security, and an interaction effect was
observed for employment status and time of day of interview.
For diastolic blood pressure, significant interactions were
observed for job success and John Henryism, and for job
success and the perception that being black had hindered
chances for achieving job success. These findings further
clarify under what conditions John Henryism may be
associated with higher BPs in this sample of black men.
These findings also shed light on the emotional pathways
through which selected job stressors may influence resting
BPs in these men.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf00845359},
Key = {fds277839}
}
@article{fds277841,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Socioeconomic Influences on CHD in Black
Populations},
Journal = {American Heart Journal (Supplement)},
Volume = {108},
Number = {3 II},
Pages = {669-672},
Year = {1984},
Abstract = {It is likely that socioeconomic factors exert important
influences on coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and
mortality for U.S. blacks. Careful and comprehensive studies
are needed to clarify the pathways through which low
socioeconomic status exerts its influences on susceptibility
to CHD. In addition, policy-oriented research is needed to
clarify to what extent reduced access to medical care
contributes to excessive CHD mortality in black
Americans.},
Key = {fds277841}
}
@article{fds277842,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Coronary heart disease in black Americans: Suggestions for
research on psychosocial factors},
Journal = {American Heart Journal},
Volume = {108},
Number = {3 II},
Pages = {833-838},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(84)90679-3},
Abstract = {Despite the fact that coronary heart disease (CHD) is the
leading cause of death among U.S. blacks, virtually no
information exists on the contribution of psychosocial
factors to CHD risk in this population. Studies conducted on
U.S. whites suggest that type A behavior may be positively
associated with risk for CHD. Other studies on whites
suggest that occupational stressors, socioeconomic status,
and social mobility may also be important. Studies that
examine the contribution of these factors to CHD risk in the
black population are needed. Moreover, recent changes in the
socioeconomic profile of the U.S. black population present
an unusual opportunity to study the role of psychosocial
variables in CHD among black Americans. Some of the
theoretical and measurement issues that investigators may
face in conducting such research are discussed, and some
specific suggestions for research are offered.},
Doi = {10.1016/0002-8703(84)90679-3},
Key = {fds277842}
}
@article{fds277843,
Author = {James, SA and Wagner, EH and Strogatz, D and Beresford, SAA and Kleinbaum, DG and Williams, CA and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim,
M},
Title = {The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program:
II. Barriers to the Use of Medical Care},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {74},
Number = {5},
Pages = {468-472},
Year = {1984},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
Abstract = {As the initial step in a five-year project to improve
control of high blood pressure in Edgecombe County, North
Carolina, a survey was conducted in 1980 to determine the
prevalence of hypertension and to identify factors which
might constitute barriers to the use of medical care by
hypertensives. This report summarizes the findings for the
539 hypertensives identified through the baseline survey. In
general, Black hypertensives reported more access problems
than Whites. Within race, however, males and females
differed very little on selected measures of potential
access to medical care. Among women, lower scores on
potential access were strongly associated with being
untreated, whereas for men, concerns about the safety of
anti-hypertensive drug therapy were associated with being
unaware. On a summary measure of the actual use of medical
care in response to symptoms, both male and female treated
hypertensives scored higher than their untreated
counterparts. The implications of these and other findings
for community-based blood pressure control activities are
discussed.},
Key = {fds277843}
}
@article{fds304192,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Socioeconomic influences on coronary heart disease in black
populations},
Journal = {American Heart Journal},
Volume = {108},
Number = {3 II},
Pages = {669-672},
Year = {1984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(84)90653-7},
Abstract = {It is likely that socioeconomic factors exert important
influences on coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and
mortality for U.S. blacks. Careful and comprehensive studies
are needed to clarify the pathways through which low
socioeconomic status exerts its influences on susceptibility
to CHD. In addition, policy-oriented research is needed to
clarify to what extent reduced access to medical care
contributes to excessive CHD mortality in black
Americans.},
Doi = {10.1016/0002-8703(84)90653-7},
Key = {fds304192}
}
@article{fds277844,
Author = {Wagner, EH and James, SA and Beresford, SA and Strogatz, DS and Grimson,
RC and Kleinbaum, DG and Williams, CA and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim,
MA},
Title = {The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program: I.
Correlates of uncontrolled hypertension at
baseline.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {74},
Number = {3},
Pages = {237-242},
Year = {1984},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.74.3.237},
Abstract = {To guide the planning of a multifacetted hypertension
control program in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, a
baseline survey of a stratified (by township) random sample
of 1,000 households was conducted. All adults (greater than
or equal to 18 years) were interviewed and had their blood
pressures (BP) measured. Five hundred thirty-nine
individuals, 27 per cent of the survey population, had
diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg or were
receiving anti-hypertensive drug therapy. The 539
hypertensives were divided into seven subgroups reflecting
successive stages in the control of hypertension based on
the awareness, treatment, and control of their hypertension.
Unaware hypertensives were further subdivided into three
groups according to the recency of their last BP check, and
those aware but untreated were subdivided by whether they
had previously received treatment. The seven subgroups of
hypertensives were compared, separately for women and men,
with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, health
behaviors, and health status. In general, the progression
from undetected hypertension to treatment and control
appeared to be associated with being older, female, and
White. This progression was further associated with greater
educational levels and higher family incomes among women and
increasing self-reported morbidity among men. The
implications for intervention of these and other described
associations are discussed.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.74.3.237},
Key = {fds277844}
}
@article{fds304193,
Author = {James, SA and Wagner, EH and Strogatz, DS and Beresford, SA and Kleinbaum, DG and Williams, CA and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim,
MA},
Title = {The Edgecombe County (NC) High Blood Pressure Control
Program: II. Barriers to the use of medical care among
hypertensives.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {74},
Number = {5},
Pages = {468-472},
Year = {1984},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.74.5.468},
Abstract = {As the initial step in a five-year project to improve
control of high blood pressure in Edgecombe County, North
Carolina, a survey was conducted in 1980 to determine the
prevalence of hypertension and to identify factors which
might constitute barriers to the use of medical care by
hypertensives. This report summarizes the findings for the
539 hypertensives identified through the baseline survey. In
general, Black hypertensives reported more access problems
than Whites. Within race, however, males and females
differed very little on selected measures of potential
access to medical care. Among women, lower scores on
potential access were strongly associated with being
untreated, whereas for men, concerns about the safety of
anti-hypertensive drug therapy were associated with being
unaware. On a summary measure of the actual use of medical
care in response to symptoms, both male and female treated
hypertensives scored higher than their untreated
counterparts. The implications of these and other findings
for community-based blood pressure control activities are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.74.5.468},
Key = {fds304193}
}
@article{fds277840,
Author = {Orr, ST and Miller, CA and James, SA},
Title = {Differences in use of health services by children according
to race. Relative importance of cultural and system-related
factors.},
Journal = {Medical care},
Volume = {22},
Number = {9},
Pages = {848-853},
Year = {1984},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198409000-00009},
Abstract = {Black children make substantially less use of health
services than do their white counterparts, despite their
demonstrably poorer health status. This relationship is true
regardless of income. Various authors have suggested that
such differences are due to system-related barriers to
access to care by black children. Alternatively, others have
noted that blacks have cultural patterns related to health
and illness, and these culturally determined beliefs and
behaviors may account for the observed differences. The
present study compared use of health services by black and
white children within a system of care that has sought to
decrease barriers to access to care by black children.
Within this system, black and white children used health
services in a similar fashion, suggesting that
system-related factors that assure equity of access to
health services may be more important than client-related
cultural factors, or that these cultural factors may be
overcome.},
Doi = {10.1097/00005650-198409000-00009},
Key = {fds277840}
}
@article{fds277838,
Author = {Williams, CA and Beresford, SAA and James, SA and LaCroix, AZ and Strogatz, DS and Wagner, EH and Kleinbaum, DG and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim, MA},
Title = {Social Support, Social Stressors and Treatment Dropout: The
Edgecombe County High Blood Pressue Control
Program},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {75},
Number = {5},
Pages = {483-486},
Year = {1985},
Abstract = {In a hypertension prevalence survey of a stratified random
sample of 1,000 households, 2,030 adults (aged 18 years and
over) were interviewed and information on psychosocial
variables collected. Among 359 hypertensives, there was a
consistent relationship between indicators of difficulty in
the social environment and dropout from treatment in women.
Compared to those who remained in treatment, women who
dropped out can be characterized as having less social
support on the job, having less perceived spouse approval
(if married), having a lower level of perceived access to
supportive resources, and being more likely to report
feeling pushed most or all of the time if they are
homemakers. Relationships between indicators of social
support and dropout from treatment in men were found only
with support on the job, and for White men, with perceived
friend approval.},
Key = {fds277838}
}
@article{fds277836,
Author = {Strogatz, DS and James, SA and Elliott, D and Ramsey, D and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim, MA},
Title = {Community coverage in a rural, church-based, hypertension
screening program in Edgecombe County, North
Carolina},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {75},
Number = {4},
Pages = {401-402},
Publisher = {American Public Health Association},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.75.4.401},
Abstract = {In a rural, church-based hypertension program in Edgecombe
County, North Carolina, screening of the congregations was
complemented by a community outreach component targeted at
18-60 year old males, a group at higher risk for untreated
hypertension. Compared with its estimated frequency in the
community, untreated hypertension was as common in the
church congregations and somewhat less prevalent than
expected among outreach screenees.},
Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.75.4.401},
Key = {fds277836}
}
@article{fds277837,
Author = {Putnam, SM and Stiles, WB and Jacob, MC and James,
SA},
Title = {Patient exposition and physician explanation in initial
medical interviews and outcomes of clinic
visits.},
Journal = {Medical care},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-83},
Year = {1985},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198501000-00008},
Abstract = {To replicate an earlier study and explore associations
between verbal behaviors in patient-physician interactions
and outcomes of care, 102 visits to a medicine walk-in
clinic were tape-recorded, transcribed, and coded according
to the Verbal Response Mode (VRM) system. Questionnaires
given before and after the clinic visit and telephone
interviews 1 week and 4 weeks after the visit were used to
measure patient satisfaction, compliance, and change in
symptoms. Data were collected on patients' sociodemographic
characteristics, illness characteristics, and health
beliefs. Two verbal exchanges were examined: in the medical
history, the Patient Exposition exchange, which was measured
as the frequency with which patients make statements about
their illnesses in their own words; and in the conclusion,
the Physician Explanation exchange, which was measured as
the percentage of physician statements that are factual.
These verbal indexes showed correlations with patient
satisfaction, thus replicating the earlier study, but no
significant correlations with compliance. Analysis of
variance showed that the association between verbal
exchanges and patient satisfaction remained after
controlling for physician differences and for patient age,
education, and belief in the controllability of the
illness.},
Doi = {10.1097/00005650-198501000-00008},
Key = {fds277837}
}
@article{fds304181,
Author = {Williams, CA and Beresford, SA and James, SA and LaCroix, AZ and Strogatz, DS and Wagner, EH and Kleinbaum, DG and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim, MA},
Title = {The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program:
III. Social support, social stressors, and treatment
dropout.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {75},
Number = {5},
Pages = {483-486},
Year = {1985},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.75.5.483},
Abstract = {In a hypertension prevalence survey of a stratified random
sample of 1,000 households, 2,030 adults (aged 18 years and
over) were interviewed and information on psychosocial
variables collected. Among 359 hypertensives, there was a
consistent relationship between indicators of difficulty in
the social environment and dropout from treatment in women.
Compared to those who remained in treatment, women who
dropped out can be characterized as having less social
support on the job, having less perceived spouse approval
(if married), having a lower level of perceived access to
supportive resources, and being more likely to report
feeling pushed most or all of the time if they are
homemakers. Relationships between indicators of social
support and dropout from treatment in men were found only
with support on the job, and for White men, with perceived
friend approval.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.75.5.483},
Key = {fds304181}
}
@article{fds277835,
Author = {Ballard, DJ and Strogatz, DS and Wagner, EH and Siscovick, DS and James,
SA and Kleinbaum, DG and Williams, CA and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim,
MA},
Title = {The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program:
The Process of Medical Care and Blood Pressure
Control},
Journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
Volume = {12},
Number = {5},
Pages = {278-284},
Year = {1986},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31319-9},
Abstract = {As part of the Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control
Program, a medical record review was conducted within a
multispecialty private group practice in the county. The
purposes of the review were to assess the relationship
between the process of medical care and blood pressure
control and to explore the variation in level and impact of
medical care by race and sex. At the end of a three-year
period, 41 percent of 628 hypertensive patients from the
practice had uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as
defined by Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program
criteria. The percentage of uncontrolled hypertensives
ranged from 53 percent for black men to 34 percent for white
women. Hypertensive patients whose physicians were more
aggressive in their use of antihypertensive drug therapy
were more likely to be controlled. The effect of the level
of physician drug aggressiveness tended to be more
pronounced for blacks than for whites. Differences by race
in exposure to and efficacy of aggressive drug treatment may
influence racial variation in blood pressure
control.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31319-9},
Key = {fds277835}
}
@article{fds277834,
Author = {Strogatz, DS and James, SA},
Title = {Social support and hypertension among blacks and whites in a
rural, southern community.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {124},
Number = {6},
Pages = {949-956},
Year = {1986},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114484},
Abstract = {The association between social support and the prevalence of
hypertension was examined in a randomly selected, biracial
sample of 2,030 adult residents of Edgecombe County, North
Carolina, who were surveyed in 1980. Two types of support,
instrumental and emotional, were measured and evaluated in
the 2,009 individuals for whom complete data were available.
Blacks were more likely to have low levels of both kinds of
social support. Low emotional support was unrelated to the
prevalence of hypertension. In unadjusted analyses, low
instrumental support was associated with increased
hypertension for both races. After controlling for other
correlates of blood pressure, the association no longer held
for whites (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1), but remained
statistically significant for blacks (OR = 1.5, 95 per cent
confidence interval = 1.1-2.0). Further analyses revealed
that these results were specific to low income blacks (OR =
1.7). These findings are consistent with the results of
ecologic studies of social ties and hypertension-related
mortality in North Carolina.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114484},
Key = {fds277834}
}
@article{fds277831,
Author = {Sisocvick, DS and Strogatz, DS and Wagner, EH and Ballard, DJ and James,
SA and Beresford, SAA and Kleinbaum, DG and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim,
MA},
Title = {Provider-Oriented Interventions and The Management of
Hypertension},
Journal = {Medical Care},
Volume = {25},
Number = {3},
Pages = {254-258},
Year = {1987},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198703000-00009},
Doi = {10.1097/00005650-198703000-00009},
Key = {fds277831}
}
@article{fds277833,
Author = {Obrist, PA and Light, KC and James, SA and Strogatz,
DS},
Title = {Cardiovascular Reactivity to Stress: I. Measures of
Myocardial Response and Relationships to Baseline Conditions
and Parental Hypertension},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {65-78},
Year = {1987},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb01864.x},
Abstract = {A comparison of pre-ejection period (PEP), heart rate (HR),
and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure
responses to the cold pressor test and a pseudo-shock
avoidance reaction time task was performed in 183 young men.
These tasks differ in the extent to which they evoke
enhanced myocardial and vascular adrenergic activity.
Decreases in PEP were more pronounced during the reaction
time task, while DBP increased more during the cold pressor
test. HR and SBP responses did not differentiate the two
tasks. PEP decreases occurred in the absence of any apparent
increase in cardiac preload or decrease in afterload.
Parental hypertension as determined by physician reports was
associated with higher SBP across all conditions. A subgroup
of individuals (15%) showed SBP levels ≥ 140 mmHg when
typical clinical stethoscopic determinations were made, but
less than half as many showed such elevations during a more
extended resting baseline using remotely operated devices.
High stethoscopic SBP was associated with greater
cardiovascular responses to the stressors, while high SBP
during the extended baseline was not.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb01864.x},
Key = {fds277833}
}
@article{fds277832,
Author = {Light, KC and Obrist, PA and James, SA and Strogatz,
DS},
Title = {Cardiovascular responses to stress: II. Relationships to
aerobic exercise patterns.},
Journal = {Psychophysiology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {1},
Pages = {79-86},
Year = {1987},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb01865.x},
Abstract = {A sample of 174 men aged 18-22 years were divided into
thirds based on self-reported levels of weekly aerobic
exercise. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure,
and pre-ejection period responses of these low, moderate,
and high exercise groups were compared during a pretask rest
and a later acclimated rest, a bicycle exercise task, a
purported shock-avoidance reaction time task, and the cold
pressor test. The low exercise subjects showed higher heart
rates and marginally higher diastolic blood pressures than
the high exercise subjects at rest. The low exercise
subjects also showed greater myocardial responses to the
mild exercise task and the reaction time task than the high
exercise subjects, as reflected by group differences in
heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and pre-ejection period
measures after covariance adjustment for baseline
differences. Group differences observed in response to the
cold pressor test were smaller and generally nonsignificant.
These results were interpreted as evidence that aerobic
exercise training may decrease beta-adrenergic myocardial
responses to physical and behavioral challenges.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb01865.x},
Key = {fds277832}
}
@article{fds277830,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Psychosocial precursors of hypertension: a review of the
epidemiologic evidence.},
Journal = {Circulation},
Volume = {76},
Number = {1 Pt 2},
Pages = {I60-I66},
Year = {1987},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {This article provides a selective overview of epidemiologic
studies on the relationship between psychosocial factors and
blood pressure elevation. The review focuses on
English-language reports published since 1975 and emphasizes
two broad areas of research: changes in mean blood pressures
of third world populations undergoing modernization, and
psychosocial correlates of elevated blood pressure in low
socioeconomic status (SES) and black populations within the
continental United States. The recent modernization studies
provide additional evidence that rapid sociocultural change
is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension. To
account for these effects, several studies have advanced the
general thesis that modernization impacts traditional value
systems of third world populations in ways that frequently
engender discrepancies between their newly acquired
aspirations for a Western lifestyle and their socioeconomic
resources to successfully pursue that lifestyle. There is
overlap between this formulation and recent investigations
of hypertension in low SES and black populations in the
United States. The report concludes with a discussion of
epidemiologic studies of anger and hypertension, emphasizing
some of the complexities that characterize this area of
research.},
Key = {fds277830}
}
@article{fds331924,
Author = {Krantz, DS and DeQuattro, V and Blackburn, HW and Eaker, E and Haynes,
S and James, SA and Manuck, SB and Myers, H and Shekelle, RB and Syme,
SL},
Title = {Psychosocial factors in hypertension},
Journal = {Circulation},
Volume = {76},
Number = {1},
Pages = {I84-II8},
Year = {1987},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds331924}
}
@article{fds277829,
Author = {James, SA and Strogatz, DS and Wing, SB and Ramsey,
DL},
Title = {Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in
blacks and whites.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {126},
Number = {4},
Pages = {664-673},
Year = {1987},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114706},
Abstract = {The joint influence of socioeconomic status and John
Henryism on risk for elevated blood pressure was examined in
a biracial, community sample of 820 adults, aged 21-50
years, who resided in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, and
were interviewed in 1983. John Henryism refers to a strong
personality predisposition to cope actively with
psychosocial environmental stressors. In keeping with an
earlier finding for black men, it was hypothesized that the
inverse association between socioeconomic status and blood
pressure would be stronger for persons who scored high on
John Henryism than for persons who scored low. Using
race-specific definitions of socioeconomic status, the study
found support for the hypothesis among blacks. At low levels
of John Henryism, socioeconomic status differences in
hypertension prevalence were small (1.6%), whereas at high
levels of John Henryism, low socioeconomic status blacks
were nearly three times as likely to be hypertensive as
higher status blacks (31.4% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.02 for the
socioeconomic status X John Henryism interaction term). The
findings for systolic and diastolic blood pressures were in
a similar direction but did not reach statistical
significance. The study hypothesis was not supported among
whites. Analyses of the correlates of John Henryism as well
as the blood pressure findings are discussed in terms of the
different socioeconomic circumstances that characterize the
lives of blacks and whites in this rural, southern
community.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114706},
Key = {fds277829}
}
@article{fds277828,
Author = {Light, KC and Obrist, PA and Sherwood, A and James, SA and Strogatz,
DS},
Title = {Effects of race and marginally elevated blood pressure on
responses to stress.},
Journal = {Hypertension},
Volume = {10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {555-563},
Year = {1987},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0194-911X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3692569},
Abstract = {A total of 228 men, aged 18 to 22 years (109 black and 119
white), underwent monitoring of heart rate (HR) and systolic
(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses during
several stressor conditions and a 30-minute posttask rest
period. Stressors included the cold pressor test and three
reaction-time tasks: noncompetitive, competitive, and
competitive plus money incentive. Substantial within-subject
variations in blood pressure and heart rate were induced,
varying from 119/70 to 148/94 mm Hg and from 63 to 91
beats/min on the average. Men (25 black and 39 white) with
marginal SBP elevations during initial casual determinations
had higher SBP under all conditions compared with men whose
casual SBP levels were normal, and they also showed greater
elevations over baseline levels in heart rate, SBP, and DBP
during the stressors and the initial casual determination.
Black and white subjects did not differ in their blood
pressures at baseline or during the initial casual
determinations, although blacks had slightly lower heart
rates. Blacks did show greater SBP elevations over baseline
levels than whites during the stressors, primarily because
the blacks with marginally elevated SBP showed substantially
greater stress-induced increases than whites with marginally
elevated SBP. This enhanced pressor response to stress in
blacks with marginal blood pressure elevations may be due to
higher vascular resistance during enhanced sympathetic
activity and could contribute to the higher incidence of
hypertension among blacks.},
Doi = {10.1161/01.hyp.10.6.555},
Key = {fds277828}
}
@article{fds277827,
Author = {Putnam, SM and Stiles, WB and Jacob, MC and James,
SA},
Title = {Teaching the Medical Interview},
Journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-47},
Year = {1988},
Abstract = {To study the effects of teaching specific interviewing
techniques on verbal behaviors and on health outcomes,
internal medicine residents working in a screening clinic
were assigned to either an experimental or a control group.
The entire clinic visit was audiotaped, transcribed, and
coded according to the Verbal Response Mode (VRM) system.
Residents in the experimental group were taught interviewing
behaviors (patient exposition and physician explanation)
that had been found in previous studies to be associated
with patient outcomes. Through telephone interviews, patient
satisfaction, compliance, and symptom status were determined
for all patients. Two hundred and sixty-eight interviews
(156 in the experimental group and 112 in the control group)
were included in the study. Training did increase patient
exposition and physician explanation, but did not affect
health outcomes. Residents' attitudes and behaviors during
the training are described.},
Key = {fds277827}
}
@article{fds304182,
Author = {Putnam, SM and Stiles, WB and Jacob, MC and James,
SA},
Title = {Teaching the medical interview: an intervention
study.},
Journal = {Journal of general internal medicine},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-47},
Year = {1988},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02595755},
Abstract = {To study the effects of teaching specific interviewing
techniques on verbal behaviors and on health outcomes,
internal medicine residents working in a screening clinic
were assigned to either an experimental or a control group.
The entire clinic visit was audiotaped, transcribed, and
coded according to the Verbal Response Mode (VRM) system.
Residents in the experimental group were taught interviewing
behaviors (patient exposition and physician explanation)
that had been found in previous studies to be associated
with patient outcomes. Through telephone interviews, patient
satisfaction, compliance, and symptom status were determined
for all patients. Two hundred and sixty-eight interviews
(156 in the experimental group and 112 in the control group)
were included in the study. Training did increase patient
exposition and physician explanation, but did not affect
health outcomes. Residents' attitudes and behaviors during
the training are described.},
Doi = {10.1007/bf02595755},
Key = {fds304182}
}
@article{fds277826,
Author = {Ballard, DJ and Strogatz, DS and Wagner, EH and Siscovick, DS and James,
SA and Kleinbaum, DG and Cutchin, LM and Ibrahim,
MA},
Title = {Hypertension control in a rural southern community: medical
care process and dropping out.},
Journal = {American journal of preventive medicine},
Volume = {4},
Number = {3},
Pages = {133-139},
Year = {1988},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31185-1},
Abstract = {As part of the Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control
Program, we conducted a medical record review within a
private group practice to assess the interrelationships
between patient characteristics, the process of medical
care, and dropping out of care by hypertensive patients.
Twenty-one percent of 641 randomly selected hypertensive
patients did not have a clinic visit in the year before
their record review date. Loss to follow-up varied from 31%
for black men to 13% for white women. More intense prior
contact with the medical care system was associated with
remaining under medical care for all groups by race and sex.
Black men were much less likely to have intense contact with
the medical care system than the other groups. Physician
aggressiveness in the use of drug therapy was associated
with a nearly 40% reduction in the risk of being lost to
follow-up. These findings suggest that patient
characteristics and several factors that reflect the process
of medical care are associated with dropping out of medical
care by hypertensive patients.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31185-1},
Key = {fds277826}
}
@article{fds277825,
Author = {Duijkers, TJ and Drijver, M and Kromhout, D and James,
SA},
Title = {"John Henryism" and blood pressure in a Dutch
population.},
Journal = {Psychosomatic medicine},
Volume = {50},
Number = {4},
Pages = {353-359},
Year = {1988},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198807000-00004},
Abstract = {In a stratified, random sample of 100 men and 100 women,
aged 20-59 years, residing in Zutphen, the Netherlands, the
hypothesis was tested that high scores on "John Henryism," a
strong behavioral predisposition to cope actively with
psychosocial environmental stressors, would be associated
with higher blood pressure, especially among persons of
lower education. In univariate analyses higher scores on
John Henryism were strongly associated with higher blood
pressures in men. Among women there was only an association
of John Henryism and systolic blood pressure, but this
association was no longer statistically significant after
adjustment for potential confounders such as age, alcohol
consumption, physical activity, Quetelet Index, and
education. Among men, however, the association between John
Henryism and systolic blood pressure remained statistically
significant after adjustment for potential confounders. The
association between John Henryism and blood pressure was
more pronounced for men of low educational
background.},
Doi = {10.1097/00006842-198807000-00004},
Key = {fds277825}
}
@article{fds277824,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Mortalidade Infantil e Sobrevida de Criancas na Bahia: uma
reviao da literatura socia-epidemiologica},
Journal = {Revista Baiana de Saude Publica},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {15-29},
Year = {1989},
Key = {fds277824}
}
@article{fds277821,
Author = {Fredman, L and Schoenbach, VJ and Kaplan, BH and Blazer, DG and James,
SA and Kleinbaum, DG and Yankaskas, B},
Title = {The association between depressive symptoms and mortality
among older participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment
Area-Piedmont Health Survey.},
Journal = {J Gerontol},
Volume = {44},
Number = {4},
Pages = {S149-S156},
Year = {1989},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0022-1422},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2738318},
Abstract = {The association between depression and two-year mortality
risk was assessed in 1,606 elderly community participants in
the 1982-83 Epidemiologic Catchment Area-Piedmont Health
Survey. Two depression measures were formed from the
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) depressive symptom
items. Neither measure was associated with mortality in
univariate or multiple logistic regression analyses. The
adjusted relative risk of mortality comparing the lowest to
highest levels of a three-level depression variable was 0.9
(95% confidence interval = 0.5-1.4). Similar results were
obtained with other versions of the depression variables,
with each depressive symptom category, and within sex,
chronic disease, widowhood status, and age groups. These
results indicate that depression does not increase mortality
in elderly adults, but the short follow-up, sample
characteristics, and operationalization of depression may
have affected this association.},
Doi = {10.1093/geronj/44.4.s149},
Key = {fds277821}
}
@article{fds277823,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Burns, BJ and Thompson,
B},
Title = {Chronic stressors and maternal depression: implications for
prevention.},
Journal = {Am J Public Health},
Volume = {79},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1295-1296},
Year = {1989},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2764210},
Abstract = {We report on the use of an instrument to measure exposure to
stressors among 149 women presenting with their children for
pediatric care at an urban primary care center. Overall,
38.3 percent of the women had significant levels of
depressive symptoms; 71.4 percent of those in the "high
stress" group had an adjusted prevalence odds ratio of 5.00
[95% CI = 2.12, 11.82]. We conclude that screening in the
pediatric office is feasible for identifying women at high
risk of becoming depressed.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.79.9.1295},
Key = {fds277823}
}
@article{fds277822,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Charney, E},
Title = {A Social Environment Inventory for the pediatric
office.},
Journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics :
JDBP},
Volume = {10},
Number = {6},
Pages = {287-291},
Year = {1989},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {Exposure to psychosocial stressors is associated with
deleterious physical and mental health outcomes among
children and adults, as well as with school-related and
behavioral problems among children. However, research and
intervention in this area have been hampered by the lack of
a valid measurement tool to assess exposure to stressors
among mothers. This paper reports on the development and
testing of a self-administered questionnaire for use in the
pediatric setting to assess maternal exposure to stressors.
The questionnaire was developed to facilitate the early
identification of mothers exposed to high levels of
stressors, since exposure to stressors often precedes the
onset of problems. Early identification of mothers and
children, in the pediatric office, could facilitate the
prevention of various behavioral, school, and other problems
among children.},
Key = {fds277822}
}
@article{fds277734,
Author = {Homer, CJ and Beresford, SAA and James, SA and Siegel, E and Wilcox,
S},
Title = {Work-related physical exertion and risk of preterm, low
birthweight delivery},
Journal = {Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {161-174},
Year = {1990},
Abstract = {Although many women work during pregnancy, the effect of
maternal job experience on pregnancy outcome is
controversial. We investigated whether work-related physical
exertion increases a woman's risk of delivering a preterm,
low birthweight infant. We studied 773 employed, pregnant
women included in the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor
Market Experience, Youth Cohort (NLSY), a nationally
representative sample of young adults. Data concerning work
status, job title during pregnancy, and other factors
affecting the outcome of pregnancy were obtained from the
NLSY. Assessment of physical exertion was based on job
title, using an established catalogue of occupational
characteristics. Women in jobs characterised by high
physical exertion experienced a higher rate of preterm, low
birthweight delivery, defined as maternal report of delivery
more than 3 weeks early and birthweight under 2500 g
(adjusted RR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.5, 17.7). These findings
support a policy of limiting work-related physical exertion
during pregnancy.},
Key = {fds277734}
}
@article{fds277820,
Author = {Homer, CJ and James, SA and Siegel, E},
Title = {Work-related psychosocial stress and risk of preterm, low
birthweight delivery.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {80},
Number = {2},
Pages = {173-177},
Year = {1990},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.80.2.173},
Abstract = {We investigated whether work-related psychologic
stress--defined as work characterized by both high
psychologic demands and limited control over the response to
these demands--increases a woman's risk of delivering a
preterm, low birthweight infant. We studied 786 employed
pregnant women included in the National Longitudinal Survey
of Labor Market Experience, Youth Cohort (NLSY), a
nationally representative sample of 12,686 young adults.
Data concerning work status, job title, and other factors
affecting pregnancy outcome were obtained from the NLSY.
Assessment of job experience was based on job title, using
an established catalogue of occupation characteristics.
After accounting for the physical exertion entailed in a
job, occupational psychologic stress as measured by job
title was not associated with preterm, low birthweight
delivery for the sample as a whole (Relative risk = 1.16,
95% confidence interval .45, 2.95). For those women who did
not want to remain in the work force, work-related stress
increased their risk of experiencing this outcome (RR = 8.1,
95% CI 1.5, 50.2). Personal motivation toward work, as well
as the physical effort of work, should be considered in
evaluating the impact of a job's psychologic characteristics
on pregnancy outcome.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.80.2.173},
Key = {fds277820}
}
@article{fds277816,
Author = {Ainsworth, B and Keenan, NL and James, SAEA},
Title = {Physical Activity and Hypertension in a Southern Black
Popualtion: The Pitt County, North Carolina
Study},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {81},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1477-1479},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {The relation of physical activity to hypertension was
examined in 1751 Black adults in Pitt County, NC. More women
(65%) than men (44%) were classified as sedentary. Sedentary
behavior was not associated with the prevalence of
hypertension in men, but was associated with a 31% increase
in prevalence for women (sedentary-26.2%; active-20.0%; P
< .01). The association in women was independent of other
risk factors for hypertension.},
Key = {fds277816}
}
@article{fds277817,
Author = {Adib, SM and Joseph, JG and Ostrow, DG and James,
SA},
Title = {Predictors of relapse in sexual practices among homosexual
men.},
Journal = {AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the
International Society for AIDS Education},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {293-304},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Selected sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral
variables were used to predict maintenance or relapse in
sexual practices over a 1-year interval in a cohort of
homosexual men in Chicago. Univariate analyses and
multivariate logistic regression were used to define
predictive models for safer practices separately for
insertive and receptive and sex. Demographic and
psychosocial variables were not associated with subsequent
relapse. Neither was HIV serostatus. Using more rigorous
multiple logistic regression, only monogamous relationships,
less peer support, and less assertiveness in negotiating
safer sex appeared to predict relapse to less safe
practices. The importance of interpersonal variables and
social norms for future interventions among homosexual men
is discussed.},
Key = {fds277817}
}
@article{fds277818,
Author = {James, SA and de Almeida-Filho, N and Kaufman,
JS},
Title = {Hypertension in Brazil: a review of the epidemiological
evidence.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {1},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-98},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Population-based studies of hypertension in Brazil were
reviewed. Nineteen studies were identified, all employing
cross-sectional study designs. The majority of these studies
were conducted in the south and southeast regions of the
country, although increasing mortality from cardiovascular
diseases is now a nationwide problem in Brazil. Except for
Amazonian Indians, age and blood pressure were positively
correlated in the studies reviewed. Men generally had higher
blood pressures than women up to age 50; studies
consistently reported that blacks, or groups combining
blacks and mulattoes, had higher blood pressures than
whites. Methodological problems that characterize many of
these studies were noted, and some suggestions for future
research were offered.},
Key = {fds277818}
}
@article{fds277819,
Author = {Strogatz, DS and James, SA and Haines, PS and Elmer, PJ and Gerber, AM and Browning, SR and Ammerman, AS and Keenan, NL},
Title = {Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in black adults: the
Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {133},
Number = {5},
Pages = {442-450},
Year = {1991},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115911},
Abstract = {While there is a clear consensus in the epidemiologic
literature on the direct association between alcohol
consumption and blood pressure, the shape of this relation
and its strength in blacks are uncertain. Therefore, the
association between alcohol and blood pressure was examined
in a community-based random sample of 1,784 black adults
aged 25 to 50 years living in eastern North Carolina. These
individuals were interviewed in 1988 for a study of
psychosocial and dietary risk factors for elevated blood
pressure. Alcohol consumption was estimated from responses
to a food frequency questionnaire and was divided into four
categories, which ranged from abstention (52% of the sample)
to greater than or equal to seven drinks/week (12%). After
adjustment for age and body mass, the systolic blood
pressure of adults reporting greater than or equal to seven
drinks/week exceeded that of nondrinkers by 6.8 mmHg for men
and women (p less than 0.001). There was no evidence of a
threshold effect, and similar patterns were observed for
diastolic blood pressure. Being in the highest category of
alcohol consumption was related to low socioeconomic status,
lower social integration, and higher levels of socioeconomic
stressors. These data are consistent with a graded
association between alcohol and blood pressure in black
adults and suggest the importance of social factors
underlying this association.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115911},
Key = {fds277819}
}
@article{fds304183,
Author = {Ainsworth, BE and Keenan, NL and Strogatz, DS and Garrett, JM and James,
SA},
Title = {Physical activity and hypertension in black adults: the Pitt
County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {81},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1477-1479},
Year = {1991},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.81.11.1477},
Abstract = {The relation of physical activity to hypertension was
examined in 1751 Black adults in Pitt County, NC. More women
(65%) than men (44%) were classified as sedentary. Sedentary
behavior was not associated with the prevalence of
hypertension in men, but was associated with a 31% increase
in prevalence for women (sedentary-26.2%; active-20.0%; P
less than .01). The association in women was independent of
other risk factors for hypertension.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.81.11.1477},
Key = {fds304183}
}
@article{fds277815,
Author = {Gerber, AM and James, SA and Ammerman, AS and Keenan, NL and Garrett,
JM and Strogatz, DS and Haines, PS},
Title = {Socioeconomic status and electrolyte intake in black adults:
the Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {81},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1608-1612},
Year = {1991},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.81.12.1608},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Although the inverse association between
socioeconomic status (SES) and blood pressure has often been
observed, little is known about the relationship between SES
and dietary risk factors for elevated blood pressure.
Therefore, this study described the distribution of dietary
intakes of sodium, potassium, and calcium and examined the
association between electrolyte intake and SES among 1784
Black men and women aged 25 to 50 residing in eastern North
Carolina.<h4>Methods</h4>Household interviews were conducted
in 1988 to obtain information on psychosocial and dietary
correlates of blood pressure. Electrolyte intake (mg/day)
was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire adapted to
reflect regional and ethnic food preferences. SES was
categorized into three levels defined by the participant's
educational level and occupation.<h4>Results</h4>After
adjustment for age and energy intake, potassium and calcium
intake increased with increasing SES for both sexes. Sodium
intake was high for all groups and did not vary markedly
with SES, but sodium to potassium and sodium to calcium
ratios decreased with increasing SES. In addition, high SES
individuals were more likely to believe that diet affects
risk for disease and to report less salt use at the table
and less current sodium consumption than in the
past.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These data indicate that nutritional
beliefs as well as the consumption of electrolytes are
associated with SES in Black adults.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.81.12.1608},
Key = {fds277815}
}
@article{fds277814,
Author = {James, SA and Keenan, NL and Strogatz, DS and Browning, SR and Garrett,
JM},
Title = {Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and blood pressure in
black adults. The Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {135},
Number = {1},
Pages = {59-67},
Year = {1992},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116202},
Abstract = {The joint influence of socioeconomic status and John
Henryism on blood pressure was examined in a probability
sample of 1,784 black adults aged 25-50 years in Pitt
County, North Carolina, in 1988. John Henryism was measured
by means of the John Henryism Active Coping Scale.
Socioeconomic status (low, medium, and high) was based on
respondents' education and occupation. Prior research
indicated that, for blacks, the inverse association between
socioeconomic status and hypertension may be stronger for
individuals who score high in John Henryism. In this more
urban sample of blacks, the hypothesized interaction
achieved modest statistical support (p less than 0.08) only
for hypertension prevalence. For individuals with high
levels of John Henryism, adjusted prevalences declined with
increasing socioeconomic status (29.4%, 26.2%, and 20.5% for
low, medium, and high socioeconomic status, respectively);
for individuals with low levels of John Henryism,
hypertension prevalence was similar in the low (22.6%) and
medium (22.8%) socioeconomic categories but higher in the
high socioeconomic category (25.9%). Elevated psychological
stress in white-collar workers was probably responsible for
the nonsignificant inverse gradients between socioeconomic
status and mean blood pressures and for the weak interaction
between socioeconomic status and John Henryism with regard
to hypertension prevalence.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116202},
Key = {fds277814}
}
@article{fds277813,
Author = {Keenan, NL and Strogatz, DS and James, SA and Ammerman, AS and Rice,
BL},
Title = {Distribution and correlates of waist-to-hip ratio in black
adults: the Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {135},
Number = {6},
Pages = {678-684},
Year = {1992},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116347},
Abstract = {A 1988 community-based survey of 1,784 black adults aged
25-50 years in Pitt County, North Carolina, found mean
waist-to-hip ratios of 0.890 for men and 0.852 for women.
Based on guidelines from the US Department of Agriculture,
20% of the men and 76% of the women had an elevated
waist-to-hip ratio. Sedentary behavior was associated with
elevated waist-to-hip ratio in men, while a similar excess
was associated with alcohol consumption in women. Weak,
nonsignificant associations with waist-to-hip ratio were
observed for smoking. Socioeconomic status was unrelated to
waist-to-hip ratio in men, but it had a strong inverse
relation for women.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116347},
Key = {fds277813}
}
@article{fds277812,
Author = {Croft, JB and Strogatz, DS and James, SA and Keenan, NL and Ammerman,
AS and Malarcher, AM and Haines, PS},
Title = {Socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of body mass index
in black adults: the Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {82},
Number = {6},
Pages = {821-826},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.82.6.821},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Obesity is more prevalent among Black
women than Black men, but there is little information on the
correlates of obesity in Blacks. This study describes the
relations of sociodemographic factors and health behaviors
to body mass index in a southern, Black population.<h4>Methods</h4>In
1988, a community probability sample of 1784 Black adults,
aged 25 to 50, was examined in Pitt County,
NC.<h4>Results</h4>More women than men were at least 20%
overweight (57% vs 36%). The relation of socioeconomic
status (a composite of education and occupation) to
age-adjusted body mass index level was inverse in women but
not in men. Body mass index did not differ with either
current energy intake or energy expenditure. Smokers and
drinkers had lower age-adjusted levels than non-smokers and
abstainers.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Since the excess body mass
index levels associated with low socioeconomic status in
women could not be explained after controlling for adverse
health behaviors, further epidemiologic study of risk
factors for obesity in Black women is recommended.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.82.6.821},
Key = {fds277812}
}
@article{fds277811,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Casper, R},
Title = {Psychosocial stressors and low birth weight: development of
a questionnaire.},
Journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics :
JDBP},
Volume = {13},
Number = {5},
Pages = {343-347},
Year = {1992},
Month = {October},
Abstract = {Low birth weight is a major public health problem because it
is a major contributor to infant mortality as well as to
various types of morbidity among young children. Of
particular concern is that black women have an increased
risk of low birth weight babies compared with white women.
Many etiologic factors for low birth weight have been
identified, but even within homogeneous strata of risk,
black women have a greater risk of low birth weight babies
than do white women. The reasons for this excess risk are
not well understood. Available evidence suggests that
exposure to psychosocial stressors is associated with
adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, prior work in this area
has been limited by the lack of a valid and reliable tool to
assess exposure to stressors among pregnant women. We report
on the development and testing of such a questionnaire, the
Prenatal Social Environment Inventory. In this
questionnaire, exposure to stressors is conceptualized and
measured in the context of chronic stressful conditions. The
questionnaire is self-administered and can be used in
clinical settings with pregnant women. Findings of
psychometric evaluations showed that the questionnaire has
acceptable levels of 30-day temporal stability
(reliability), internal consistency, and construct
validity.},
Key = {fds277811}
}
@article{fds277806,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Foreward: Racial Differences in Preterm Delivery},
Journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {v-vi},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds277806}
}
@article{fds277810,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Racial and ethnic differences in infant mortality and low
birth weight. A psychosocial critique.},
Journal = {Annals of epidemiology},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {130-136},
Year = {1993},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(93)90125-n},
Abstract = {Recent studies on differences in infant mortality and low
birth weight (LBW) among non-Hispanic whites, African
Americans, and Mexican Americans were reviewed. Despite
similar socioeconomic profiles, infant mortality among
Mexican Americans (8/1000 live births) is less than half
that of African Americans (18/1000 live births). In fact,
the rate for Mexican Americans is identical to that of
non-Hispanic whites. The data for LBW follow a similar
pattern. What accounts for this unexpectedly low frequency
of poor birth outcomes among Mexican Americans, especially
given their economic disadvantages, reduced access to
prenatal care, and exposure to discrimination based on
ethnicity? Does adherence to a traditional Mexican cultural
orientation protect otherwise high-risk Mexican Americans
from poor pregnancy outcomes, as has been suggested? What is
the "protective" social and psychological content of a
traditional Mexican cultural orientation? And what are the
implications of this line of reasoning for understanding the
excess risk for poor birth outcomes among African Americans?
This article explores these and related questions and
concludes that new conceptual models are needed to guide
research in this area.},
Doi = {10.1016/1047-2797(93)90125-n},
Key = {fds277810}
}
@article{fds277808,
Author = {Lopes, AA and Port, FK and James, SA and Agodoa, L},
Title = {The excess risk of treated end-stage renal disease in blacks
in the United States.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology :
JASN},
Volume = {3},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1961-1971},
Year = {1993},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v3121961},
Abstract = {Analysis of national data from the United States Renal Data
System for 1988 revealed an important joint effect of age
and race in determining the higher risk of ESRD for blacks
as compared with whites. For adults, both hypertension and
diabetes made important contributions to the combined effect
of age and race. In contrast, glomerulonephritis was not
considered to be an important contributor to this joint
effect. The combined effect of gender and race was weaker
than that of age and race; however, among blacks,
differences in the proportions of ESRD attributed to
hypertension and diabetes across gender were observed. The
age-race joint effect is consistent with the hypothesis that
a combined effect of lack of treatment and aging on the
process that leads to ESRD may play an important role in the
excess risk for ESRD among blacks.},
Doi = {10.1681/asn.v3121961},
Key = {fds277808}
}
@article{fds277809,
Author = {Croft, JB and Strogatz, DS and Keenan, NL and James, SA and Malarcher,
AM and Garrett, JM},
Title = {The independent effects of obesity and body fat distribution
on blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County
study.},
Journal = {International journal of obesity and related metabolic
disorders : journal of the International Association for the
Study of Obesity},
Volume = {17},
Number = {7},
Pages = {391-397},
Year = {1993},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {The relationship of obesity measures to blood pressure and
hypertension prevalence was assessed in a community
probability sample of 25-50-year-old black adults (1101
women and 655 men) who were examined in 1988 in Pitt County,
North Carolina. Among black women, both body mass index and
waist-to-hip ratio had independent relationships with
systolic and diastolic blood pressures and hypertension
prevalence after controlling for the effects of age,
socio-economic status, physical activity, alcohol, and the
other obesity measure (P < 0.05). Body mass index also had
independent relationships with blood pressure levels and
hypertension prevalence in black men (P < 0.05), while
waist-to-hip ratio was associated with hypertension
prevalence (P = 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (P <
0.05), but not with systolic blood pressure. The
relationships of waist-to-hip ratio with blood pressure and
hypertension prevalence were considerably reduced in both
sex groups after controlling for body mass index. This study
presents new evidence that waist-to-hip ratio is related to
hypertension and blood pressure level independent of body
mass index, in young to middle-aged black adult women and
men.},
Key = {fds277809}
}
@article{fds277807,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {The Narrative of John Henry Martin},
Journal = {Southern Cultures, Inaugural Issue},
Pages = {83-106},
Year = {1993},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds277807}
}
@article{fds277805,
Author = {Dargent-Molina, P and James, SA and Strogatz, DS and Savitz,
DA},
Title = {Association between maternal education and infant diarrhea
in different household and community environments of Cebu,
Philippines.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {343-350},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90404-9},
Abstract = {Maternal education is one of the strongest determinants of
infant survival in developing countries, however, questions
remain regarding the extent to which its effects vary as a
function of contextual variables. In this study, a
multi-level interactive model is used to assess whether the
protective effect of maternal education on the risk of
infant diarrhea is modified by three aspects of the mother's
familial and community environment: household assets,
community economic resources and the availability of
mothers' clubs. 2484 study participants were interviewed in
1984 as part of the Cebu Longitudinal Infant Health and
Nutrition Study. The findings suggest that the protective
effect of maternal education on infant diarrhea varies
according to the socio-economic environment in which the
mother lives: maternal education protects against infant
diarrhea in the more economically and socially advantaged
communities but has no effect in the more disadvantaged
communities. The results also indicate that the protective
effect of maternal education is smaller in the wealthier
households. These data suggest that improvement in maternal
education level, alone, may not always have the expected
beneficial effects on infant health. Corollary measures to
improve access of mothers and children to basic community
resources and efforts to help mothers be more effective in
their various social roles may be necessary preconditions
for higher levels of maternal education to result in
improved infant health.},
Doi = {10.1016/0277-9536(94)90404-9},
Key = {fds277805}
}
@article{fds277804,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {John Henryism and the health of African-Americans.},
Journal = {Culture, medicine and psychiatry},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-182},
Year = {1994},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0165-005X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01379448},
Doi = {10.1007/bf01379448},
Key = {fds277804}
}
@article{fds277803,
Author = {Lopes, AA and Hornbuckle, K and James, SA and Port,
FK},
Title = {The joint effects of race and age on the risk of end-stage
renal disease attributed to hypertension.},
Journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal
of the National Kidney Foundation},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {554-560},
Year = {1994},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80211-3},
Abstract = {To describe the joint effects of race and age on the risk of
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) attributed to hypertension
(ESRD-HT), we analyzed data for white and black adults, 20
to 84 years of age, reported by the United States Renal Data
System during the period 1987 to 1990. The risk of ESRD-HT
increased substantially with age for both blacks and whites;
however, at each age, the risk was greater for blacks. A
more in-depth description of the combination of effects
involving race and age on ESRD-HT incidence was provided by
two models of joint effects, one additive and the other
multiplicative. Both models used the 20- to 24-year age
group as the referent. Under the additive model the risk of
ESRD-HT in blacks attributable to the joint effects between
race and age increased continuously from younger to older
groups. This indicates that although ESRD-HT risk increases
with age for both blacks and whites, the increase for blacks
is greater than expected if the effects of race were
independent of the effects of age. However, the
multiplicative model indicated that the proportional
increase with age in ESRD-HT risk among blacks, as compared
with whites, was more striking for younger ages (< or = 50
years among women and < or = 40 years among men), and
especially so for men. This suggests a more accelerated
course of hypertension toward ESRD for blacks (especially
younger men) than for whites. A conceptual model to explain
these patterns of race-age joint effects is
proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
Doi = {10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80211-3},
Key = {fds277803}
}
@article{fds277775,
Author = {Brown, CP and Ferguson, JA and James, SA and Jenkins, B and Mays, VM and Nwangwu, JT and Reynolds, GH and Kumanyika, SK and Schoenbach, VJ and Suarez, L},
Title = {Statement of principles: Epidemiology and minority
populations},
Journal = {Annals of Epidemiology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {505-508},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds277775}
}
@article{fds277802,
Author = {Gazmararian, JA and James, SA and Lepkowski, JM},
Title = {Depression in black and white women. The role of marriage
and socioeconomic status.},
Journal = {Annals of epidemiology},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {455-463},
Year = {1995},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1047-2797},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(95)00061-5},
Abstract = {The degree to which the relationship between race and
depression in US black and white women is modified by
socioeconomic and marital status was investigated. Data on
534 black and 836 white women, 25 to 64 years old, obtained
from the 1986 Americans' Changing Lives national survey were
utilized. Depression was measured by the Centers for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Poverty status and
education were used as indicators of socioeconomic status
(SES). For both black and white women, the prevalence of
depression was higher among those with lower as compared to
higher SES, and among the unmarried as compared to the
married. The unstratified, age-adjusted odds of depression
for black women was twice that for white women (odds ratio
(OR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7 to 2.8);
however, when stratified by poverty status, race effects
were observed for nonpoor (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.0) but
not for poor women (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.1). Race
effects were also more pronounced among married (OR = 2.0;
95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9) than unmarried women (OR = 1.6; 95% CI,
1.1 to 2.4). Controlling for known confounders did not alter
these results. Additional analyses revealed that the black
excess risk for depression was concentrated among higher
SES, married women, with marital difficulties appearing to
pay a major role in their elevated depression
scores.},
Doi = {10.1016/1047-2797(95)00061-5},
Key = {fds277802}
}
@article{fds277801,
Author = {Kaufman, JS and Owoaje, EE and James, SA and Rotimi, CN and Cooper,
RS},
Title = {Determinants of hypertension in West Africa: contribution of
anthropometric and dietary factors to urban-rural and
socioeconomic gradients.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {143},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1203-1218},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0002-9262},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008708},
Abstract = {The determinants of hypertension in West Africa have not
been well defined. The authors sampled 598 participants aged
45 years or more from a recent population-based survey in
southwest Nigeria (190 rural men and women, 205 urban poor
men and women, and 203 retired railway workmen). The
estimated mean age was 61 (10) years. Mean pressures were
low relative to westernized societies: systolic blood
pressure = 124 (24) mmHg, diastolic blood pressure = 72 (13)
mmHg. Both men and women were remarkably lean: body mass
index = 21.3 (3.6) and 23.0 (5.2) kg/m2, respectively.
Hypertension prevalence increased across the gradient from
rural farmers to urban poor to railway workers: 14, 25, and
29 percent, respectively, had a blood pressure of 140/90
mmHg or greater, and 3, 11, and 14 percent, respectively,
had a blood pressure of 160/95 mmHg or greater (p for trend
< 0.01 for both cutpoints). On the basis of a 24-hour urine
sample, daily electrolyte excretion was 110 (57) mEq of
sodium and 46 (24) mEq of potassium. Mean sodium:potassium
ratio was 2.6 (1.0) and was higher among the urban residents
(p < 0.01) and correlated with systolic and diastolic
pressures (r = 0.16-0.18, p < 0.01). These findings provide
quantitative estimates of the impact of known hypertension
risk factors in West Africa and demonstrate the basis for
increased prevalence with urbanization and associated
economic and dietary change. These results also provide
support for recommendations for prevention in West Africa
and provide a benchmark against which to compare populations
in the African diaspora.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008708},
Key = {fds277801}
}
@article{fds277800,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Miller, CA and Barakat, B and Daikoku, N and Pupkin, M and Engstrom, K and Huggins, G},
Title = {Psychosocial stressors and low birthweight in an urban
population.},
Journal = {American journal of preventive medicine},
Volume = {12},
Number = {6},
Pages = {459-466},
Year = {1996},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0749-3797},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30268-x},
Abstract = {<h4>Introduction</h4>Low birthweight is a major determinant
of infant mortality, as well as a contributor to infant and
childhood morbidity. A key issue is how to reduce the
incidence of low birthweight in the United States. One
emerging factor is exposure to psychosocial stressors. In
this research, we evaluated the association between exposure
to psychosocial stressors and low birthweight in a
population of urban, low-income pregnant
women.<h4>Methods</h4>Over 2,000 pregnant women 18 years of
age and older were enrolled in this prospective study and
recruited at their first prenatal care visit. We obtained
information on maternal exposure to stressors. After the
pregnancy, we abstracted clinical records of each woman
enrolled in the study. Logistic regression was used to
estimate the adjusted odds ratio for the association between
stressor group membership and low birthweight, controlling
for the effects of confounding factors.<h4>Results</h4>In
logistic regression analyses stratified by race, for
African-American women, the following variables were
significantly associated with low birthweight: smoking,
hypertension, low prepregnancy weight, hospitalization
during pregnancy, previous preterm birth, and exposure to
stressors. For Caucasian women, significant predictors were:
smoking, drug use, hospitalization during pregnancy,
hypertension, and previous preterm birth. Exposure to
stressors was also significantly associated with many
clinical and behavioral risks for low birthweight.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our
results suggest two potential mechanisms for an association
between stressors and low birthweight. Exposure to stressors
may be indirectly associated with low birthweight through a
relationship with clinical and behavioral risks for low
birthweight. Exposure to psychosocial stressors may also be
directly associated with risk of low birthweight among
African-American women.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30268-x},
Key = {fds277800}
}
@article{fds277798,
Author = {Curtis, AB and James, SA and Raghunathan, TE and Alcser,
K},
Title = {Job Strain and Hypertension Prevalence in African-Americans:
The Pitt County (NC) Study},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {87},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1297-1302},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
Abstract = {Objectives. This report examined whether job strain (or its
components, decision latitude and job demands) was
associated with elevated blood pressure levels in a
community-based sample of 726 African-American adults.
Methods. Blood-pressure, anthropometric, behavioral,
demographic, and psychosocial data were collected for the
current cross-sectional analyses during home interviews
conducted for the second were (1993) of the Pitt County
Study (North Carolina), a prospective cohort study of
hypertension among African Americans. Results. Job strain
was not associated with blood pressure among men or women in
this study. However, men in the 80th percentile of decision
latitude had more than a 50% decrease in the prevalence of
hypertension compared with men in the 20th percentile (odds
ratio = .46, 95% confidence interval = 22, 96). Conclusions.
These results indicate that decision latitude may be
important for hypertension risk among African-American men.
More research is needed on African Americans to determine
why job strain and its two component variables differ in
their associations with blood pressure for men and
women.},
Key = {fds277798}
}
@article{fds277799,
Author = {Strogatz, DS and Croft, JB and James, SA and Keenan, NL and Browning,
SB and Garrett, JM},
Title = {Social Support, Stress and Blood Pressure in Blacks: The
Pitt County Study},
Journal = {Epidemiology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {5},
Pages = {482-487},
Year = {1997},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199709000-00002},
Abstract = {Psychosocial factors arising from socioeconomic disadvantage
and discrimination may contribute to the excess risk of
elevated blood pressure in African-Americans. The purpose of
this study was to assess the association of social support
and stress with blood pressure in a community-based sample
of 25-to 50-year-old black adults in Pitt County, NC. A
stratified random sample of dwellings was selected in 1988,
and 1,784 black adults (80% of those eligible) were
interviewed. Analyses were sex specific and adjusted for
age, obesity, and waist/hip ratio. In separate analyses of
emotional support, instrumental support, and stress with
blood pressure, all associations were in the predicted
direction (inverse for support, direct for stress) but were
stronger for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure.
Differences in systolic blood pressure associated with low
support or high stress ranged from 5.2 to 3.6 mmHg in women
and 3.5 to 2.5 mmHg in men. In simultaneous regression
analyses of support and stress, each of the separate effects
was reduced for women, but a sizable aggregate effect of low
support and high stress remained [+7.2 mmHg (95% confidence
limits = +1.3, +13.1) for systolic blood pressure and +4.0
mmHg (95% confidence limits = +0.1, +7.9) for diastolic
blood pressure.},
Doi = {10.1097/00001648-199709000-00002},
Key = {fds277799}
}
@article{fds304184,
Author = {Curtis, AB and James, SA and Raghunathan, TE and Alcser,
KH},
Title = {Job strain and blood pressure in African Americans: the Pitt
County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {87},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1297-1302},
Year = {1997},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.8.1297},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>This report examined whether job strain
(or its components, decision latitude and job demands) was
associated with elevated blood pressure levels in a
community-based sample of 726 African-American
adults.<h4>Methods</h4>Blood-pressure, anthropometric,
behavioral, demographic, and psychosocial data were
collected for the current cross-sectional analyses during
home interviews conducted for the second wave (1993) of the
Pitt County Study (North Carolina), a prospective cohort
study of hypertension among African Americans.<h4>Results</h4>Job
strain was not associated with blood pressure among men or
women in this study. However, men in the 80th percentile of
decision latitude had more than a 50% decrease in the
prevalence of hypertension compared with men in the 20th
percentile (odds ratio = .46, 95% confidence interval = .22,
.96).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These results indicate that
decision latitude may be important for hypertension risk
among African-American men. More research is needed on
African Americans to determine why job strain and its two
component variables differ in their associations with blood
pressure for men and women.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.87.8.1297},
Key = {fds304184}
}
@article{fds277797,
Author = {Curtis, AB and James, SA and Strogatz, DS and Raghunathan, TE and Harlow, S},
Title = {Alcohol consumption and changes in blood pressure among
African Americans. The Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {146},
Number = {9},
Pages = {727-733},
Year = {1997},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9262},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009348},
Abstract = {The Pitt County Study is a longitudinal investigation of
anthropometric, psychosocial, and behavioral predictors of
hypertension in African Americans who were aged 25-50 years
at baseline in 1988. At baseline, a strong dose-response
gradient was observed for alcohol consumption and blood
pressure for both sexes. The current study investigated
whether baseline alcohol consumption or, alternatively,
changes in drinking status predicted 5-year changes in blood
pressure among the 652 women and 318 men who satisfied all
inclusion criteria for the longitudinal analyses. In
multivariate regression analyses, baseline alcohol
consumption was not significantly associated with changes in
blood pressure or hypertension incidence (systolic/diastolic
blood pressure > or = 160/95 mmHg) by 1993. Change in
drinking status, however, was significantly associated with
changes in systolic pressure. The systolic pressure increase
among individuals who initiated alcohol consumption was 6.2
mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-6.4) greater than
abstainers, while that for individuals who reported drinking
at both time points was 3.8 mmHg (95% CI 1.3-11.1) greater.
Blood pressure increases for persons who discontinued
drinking were comparable to those of abstainers. Results
were independent of baseline age, body mass index, blood
pressure, and sex. Social and economic disadvantage in 1988
was significantly associated with continuation and
initiation of alcohol consumption by 1993.},
Doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009348},
Key = {fds277797}
}
@article{fds277796,
Author = {James, SA and Jamjourn, L and Raghunathan, TE and Strogatz, DS and Furth, E and Khazanie, P},
Title = {Physical Activity and Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes in
African Americans: The Pitt County Study},
Journal = {Diabetes Care},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {555-562},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0149-5992},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.4.555},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE - Studies directly examining the association
between physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans are
rare. Consequently, the strength of this association in this
ethnic minority group remains unclear. The current study
broadly characterizes the types of physical activity engaged
in by a community sample of working-class African-Americans
and then quantifies the association between physical
activity and NIDDM risk in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN
AND METHODS - During the 1993 reexamination of participants
in the Pitt County Study in North Carolina, data on NIDDM
history, current use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs,
and ~12-h overnight fasting blood glucose (FBG) were
obtained from 598 women and 318 men, ages 30-55 years. The
presence of NIDDM was determined by current insulin or
medication use and FBG ≤ 140 mg/dl. Study participants
were assigned to one of four categories of physical
activity: strenuous, moderate, low, or inactive. RESULTS -
The weighted prevalence of NIDDM in the sample was 7.1%.
After adjustment was made for age, sex, education, BMI, and
waist-to-hip ratio, NIDDM risk for moderately active
subjects was one-third that for the physically inactive
subjects (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12-0.98). The ORs
for low (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-1.29) and strenuous (OR,
0.65; 95% CI, 0.26-1.63) activity also tended to be lower. A
summary OR that contrasted any activity versus no activity
was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.23-1.13). CONCLUSIONS - Moderate
physical activity was strongly associated with reduced risk
for NIDDM in this sample. While replication of these
findings is needed, public health interventions designed to
increase moderate (leisure-time) physical activity in black
adults should be strongly encouraged.},
Doi = {10.2337/diacare.21.4.555},
Key = {fds277796}
}
@article{fds304185,
Author = {James, SA and Jamjoum, L and Raghunathan, TE and Strogatz, DS and Furth,
ED and Khazanie, PG},
Title = {Physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans. The Pitt
County Study.},
Journal = {Diabetes care},
Volume = {21},
Number = {4},
Pages = {555-562},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0149-5992},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.4.555},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Studies directly examining the association
between physical activity and NIDDM in African-Americans are
rare. Consequently, the strength of this association in this
ethnic minority group remains unclear. The current study
broadly characterizes the types of physical activity engaged
in by a community sample of working-class African-Americans
and then quantifies the association between physical
activity and NIDDM risk in this population.<h4>Research
design and methods</h4>During the 1993 reexamination of
participants in the Pitt County Study in North Carolina,
data on NIDDM history, current use of insulin or oral
hypoglycemic drugs, and approximately 12-h overnight fasting
blood glucose (FBG) were obtained from 598 women and 318
men, ages 30-55 years. The presence of NIDDM was determined
by current insulin or medication use and FBG > or = 140
mg/dl. Study participants were assigned to one of four
categories of physical activity: strenuous, moderate, low,
or inactive.<h4>Results</h4>The weighted prevalence of NIDDM
in the sample was 7.1%. After adjustment was made for age,
sex, education, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio, NIDDM risk for
moderately active subjects was one-third that for the
physically inactive subjects (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI,
0.12-0.98). The ORs for low (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-1.29)
and strenuous (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.26-1.63) activity also
tended to be lower. A summary OR that contrasted any
activity versus no activity was 0.51 (95% CI,
0.23-1.13).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Moderate physical activity
was strongly associated with reduced risk for NIDDM in this
sample. While replication of these findings is needed,
public health interventions designed to increase moderate
(leisure-time) physical activity in black adults should be
strongly encouraged.},
Doi = {10.2337/diacare.21.4.555},
Key = {fds304185}
}
@article{fds277795,
Author = {Curtis, AB and Strogatz, DS and James, SA and Raghunathan,
TE},
Title = {The contribution of baseline weight and weight gain to blood
pressure change in African Americans: the Pitt County
Study.},
Journal = {Annals of epidemiology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {8},
Pages = {497-503},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1047-2797},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00024-6},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>The positive association between obesity and
blood pressure has been less consistent in African Americans
than whites. This is especially true for African American
men. This study investigated the sex-specific associations
between baseline body mass index (BMI), weight change
(kilograms), and five-year hypertension incidence and
changes in blood pressure in a cohort of African Americans
ages 25-50 years at baseline.<h4>Methods</h4>The Pitt County
Study is a longitudinal investigation of anthropometric,
psychosocial, and behavioral predictors of hypertension in
African Americans. Data were obtained through household
interviews and physical examinations in 1988 and
1993.<h4>Results</h4>Baseline BMI was positively and
independently associated with changes in blood pressure
after controlling for weight change and other covariates.
When participants were stratified by sex-specific overweight
vs. nonoverweight status at baseline, weight gain was
significantly associated with increases in blood pressure
only among the initially nonoverweight.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Baseline
weight for all respondents, and weight gain among the
nonoverweight at baseline, were independent predictors of
blood pressure increases in this cohort of African
Americans.},
Doi = {10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00024-6},
Key = {fds277795}
}
@article{fds277877,
Author = {Sullivan, AD and Nyirenda, T and Cullinan, T and Taylor, T and Harlow,
SD and James, SA and Meshnick, SR},
Title = {Malaria infection during pregnancy: intrauterine growth
retardation and preterm delivery in Malawi.},
Journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
Volume = {179},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1580-1583},
Year = {1999},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0022-1899},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314752},
Abstract = {In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria infection in pregnancy
contributes to low birth weight through intrauterine growth
retardation (IUGR) and preterm delivery (PTD). It was
hypothesized that malaria-associated PTD and IUGR have
differing etiologies due to timing of infection. In a
prospective cohort of primigravid women enrolled at the
antenatal clinic of Mangochi District Hospital in Malawi,
the associations were investigated between antenatal or
delivery parasitemias and IUGR or PTD. Among 178 singleton
deliveries, 35% of infants were preterm or had IUGR. Cord
blood parasitemia (odds ratio [OR]=3.34; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 1.3-8.8], placental parasitemia (OR=2.43; 95%
CI, 1.2-5.1), and postdelivery maternal peripheral
parasitemia (OR=2.78; 95% CI, 1.3-6.1) were associated with
PTD. Parasitemia and/or clinically diagnosed malaria in the
antenatal period was associated with IUGR (OR=5.13; 95% CI,
1.4-19.4). Delivery parasitemias had borderline associations
with IUGR. The risk patterns observed suggest that the
timing and severity of infection influences the occurrence
of IUGR or PTD.},
Doi = {10.1086/314752},
Key = {fds277877}
}
@article{fds277878,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease among
African-Americans: a social epidemiological
perspective.},
Journal = {Preventive medicine},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6 Pt 2},
Pages = {S84-S89},
Year = {1999},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0453},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The primordial prevention of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) among African-Americans
represents a formidable challenge for public health. This
paper discusses the nature of this challenge, highlighting
the role that economic and cultural factors play in shaping
the distributions of major CVD risk factors among
African-Americans. The paper concludes with specific
suggestions for research.<h4>Methods</h4>Data from recent
national health surveys on black/white differences in major
CVD risk factors like hypertension, obesity, cholesterol,
cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity were reviewed for
the purpose of identifying promising avenues for primordial
prevention research among African-Americans.<h4>Results</h4>Cigarette
smoking has a delayed onset among African-Americans compared
to whites. Black/white differences in "vigorous"
leisure-time physical activity (e.g., social dancing and
team sports) are not apparent until around age 40. These
findings have relevance for primordial prevention work in
black communities since they suggest the existence of
broad-based, health-relevant cultural norms which could
support primordial prevention programs, such as regular
physical activity, across the life cycle.<h4>Conclusions</h4>CVD
primordial prevention programs among African-Americans must
be grounded in an understanding of how cultural values as
well as economic conditions shape CVD risk factor
distributions in this population. Ultimate success will
depend on the strength of the partnerships that public
health researchers, primary care providers, and community
residents are able to build.},
Doi = {10.1006/pmed.1998.0453},
Key = {fds277878}
}
@article{fds277872,
Author = {James, SA and Thomas, P},
Title = {John Henryism and Blood Pressure in Black Populations: A
Review of the Evidence},
Journal = {African American Research Prospectives},
Volume = {6},
Number = {3},
Pages = {1-10},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds277872}
}
@article{fds277873,
Author = {Dallo, FJ and James, SA},
Title = {Acculturation and Blood Pressure in a Community-Based Sample
of Chaldean-American Women},
Journal = {Journal of Immigrant Health},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {145-153},
Year = {2000},
Key = {fds277873}
}
@article{fds277874,
Author = {Orr, ST and Blackmore-Prince, C and James, SA and Griffin, JM and Raghunathan, T},
Title = {Race, clinical factors and pre-term birth in a low-income
urban setting.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {411-417},
Year = {2000},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {<h4>Unlabelled</h4>While infant mortality rates have
declined for both White and African-American populations,
the perennial two-fold excess in risk for African Americans
remains unchanged, and indeed, may have increased since
1985. One potential explanation for the excess risk in
African Americans might be racial differences in maternal
clinical risk factors, such as prior pregnancy history and
pregnancy complications. This paper examines the
contributions of such clinical indicators to racial
differences in pre-term delivery in a study sample of urban,
low-income women, aged 18 to 43 years.<h4>Methods</h4>Study
participants were enrolled during their first prenatal care
visit at one of four hospital-based, prenatal care clinics
in Baltimore City. Medical history and pregnancy outcome
data were abstracted from clinical records. Multiple
logistic regression models were used to assess the
independent relationship between race and pre-term birth,
after controlling for clinical factors.<h4>Results</h4>Without
adjustment for clinical risk factors, African-American women
were 1.8 times more likely than White women to have a
pre-term birth outcome (95% confidence interval 1.20-2.78).
After statistical adjustment for the clinical variables,
however, the association between race and pre-term birth was
diminished (OR = 1.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-2.72).
Moreover, the associations between certain clinical risks
and pre-term birth were stronger for African-American than
White women.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results suggest that
attention to clinical risk factors among African-American
women may be an important avenue for reducing Black/White
racial disparities in pre-term birth.},
Key = {fds277874}
}
@article{fds277876,
Author = {Schulz, A and Williams, D and Israel, B and Becker, A and Parker, E and James, SA and Jackson, J},
Title = {Unfair treatment, neighborhood effects, and mental health in
the Detroit metropolitan area.},
Journal = {Journal of health and social behavior},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {314-332},
Year = {2000},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-1465},
Abstract = {Why do racial differences in many indicators of mental and
emotional well-being show inconsistent patterns? We propose
that mental and emotional well-being are influenced by
aspects of the social context, including experiences of
unfair treatment and the concentration of households with
incomes below the poverty level, and that differential
exposure to these factors influences racial differences in
mental well-being. We analyze the reporting of psychological
distress and life satisfaction in a multistage area
probability sample of 1,139 African American and white
residents of the Detroit metropolitan area aged 18 and
older. Both psychological distress and life satisfaction are
significantly associated with exposure to unfair treatment
and with the proportion of households in the census block
group that were below the poverty level. Racial differences
in psychological distress and life satisfaction were
eliminated or reversed once differentials in the percent of
households living below the poverty line and exposure to
unfair treatment were accounted for. These findings
contribute to a growing body of evidence that "race" effects
operate through multiple pathways that include race-based
residential segregation and its attendant economic
disinvestment at the community level, and interpersonal
experiences of unfair treatment.},
Key = {fds277876}
}
@article{fds277871,
Author = {Orr, ST and Miller, CA and James, SA and Babones,
S},
Title = {Unintended pregnancy and preterm birth.},
Journal = {Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {4},
Pages = {309-313},
Year = {2000},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00289.x},
Abstract = {About one-third of all pregnancies that result in live
births in the US are unintended. Despite the large number of
these births, little is known about the outcomes of
unintended pregnancies. The purpose of the current study was
to evaluate the association between intendedness of
pregnancy and preterm birth in a large prospective cohort of
women who reported for prenatal care. Pregnant, black,
low-income women were enrolled into this study at four
hospital-based prenatal care clinics and one off-site
hospital-affiliated prenatal clinic in Baltimore City. A
self-administered questionnaire to assess demographic and
psychosocial data was completed by each woman in the cohort
at the time of enrolment in the study. The questionnaire
contained an item to measure intendedness of the pregnancy.
A total of 922 women comprised the final sample for
analysis. For the analyses, intendedness was dichotomised
as: intended (wanted now or sooner) vs. unintended
(mistimed, unwanted or unsure). Overall, 13.7% of all births
to women in the sample were preterm. In a logistic
regression model, after controlling for potential
confounding by clinical and behavioural predictors of
preterm delivery, unintended pregnancy was significantly
associated with preterm delivery (adjusted RR = 1.82, 95%
confidence interval [1.08,3.08], P = 0.026). In this study
of a cohort of urban, clinic-attending, low-income, pregnant
black women, unintended pregnancy had a statistically
significant association with preterm birth. After adjustment
for behavioural and clinical risks, women with unintended
pregnancies had almost twice the risk of a preterm delivery
as women with intended pregnancies.},
Doi = {10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00289.x},
Key = {fds277871}
}
@article{fds277738,
Author = {Rogan, WJ and Bornschein, RL and Jr, CJJ and Damokosh, AI and Dockery,
DW and Fay, ME and Jones, RL and Rhoads, GG and Ragan, NB and Salganik, M and al, E},
Title = {Safety and efficacy of succimer in toddlers with blood lead
levels of 20-44 microg/dL. Treatment of Lead-Exposed
Children (TLC) Trial Group.},
Journal = {Pediatric research},
Volume = {48},
Number = {5},
Pages = {593-599},
Year = {2000},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0031-3998},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200011000-00007},
Abstract = {Although lead encephalopathy has virtually disappeared from
the United States, thousands of children still have
sufficient lead exposure to produce cognitive impairment. It
is not known whether treating children with blood lead
levels < 45 microg/dL (2.2 microM) is beneficial and can be
done with acceptable safety. We conducted a 780-child,
placebo-controlled, randomized trial of up to three courses
of succimer in children with blood lead levels of 20-44
microg/dL (1.0-2.1 microM). Children were aged 12-33 mo, 77%
were African-American, 7% were Hispanic, and they lived in
deteriorating inner city housing. Placebo-treated children
had a gradual decrease in blood lead level. Succimer-treated
children had an abrupt drop in blood lead level, followed by
rebound. The mean blood lead level of the succimer-treated
children during the 6 mo after initiation of treatment was
4.5 microg/dL (95% confidence intervals, 3.7 to 5.3
microg/dL; 0.22 microM, 0.18 to 0.26 microM) lower than that
of placebo-treated children. There were more scalp rashes in
succimer-treated children (3.5% versus 1.3%) and an
unanticipated excess of trauma. Succimer lowers blood lead
level with few side effects. The unanticipated excess of
trauma requires confirmation.},
Doi = {10.1203/00006450-200011000-00007},
Key = {fds277738}
}
@article{fds277875,
Author = {Schulz, A and Israel, B and Williams, D and Parker, E and Becker, A and James, S},
Title = {Social inequalities, stressors and self reported health
status among African American and white women in the Detroit
metropolitan area.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {51},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1639-1653},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00084-8},
Abstract = {This article examines the cumulative effects of multiple
stressors on women's health, by race and area of residence.
Specifically, we examine socioeconomic status, experiences
of unfair treatment and acute life events by race and
residential location, and their cumulative effects on the
health status of African American and white women living
within the city of Detroit and in the surrounding
metropolitan area. African American women, regardless of
whether they live inside or outside the city, report more
frequent encounters with everyday unfair treatment than
white women. African American women who live in the city
report a greater number of acute life events than white
women who live outside the city. Regression analyses used to
examine the cumulative effects of exposure to these
stressors by race and area of residence show that: (1)
socioeconomic status, everyday experiences with unfair
treatment and acute life events each make a significant
contribution to differences in health status; and (2) the
contribution of each of these variables to explaining
variations in health status varies by area of residence. We
suggest that differences in socioeconomic status, exposure
to unfair treatment or discrimination and experiences of
acute life events make significant contributions to racial
differences in women's health status.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00084-8},
Key = {fds277875}
}
@article{fds277870,
Author = {Fisher, MA and Eklund, SA and James, SA and Lin, X},
Title = {Adverse events associated with hepatitis B vaccine in U.S.
children less than six years of age, 1993 and
1994.},
Journal = {Annals of epidemiology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {13-21},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1047-2797},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00078-8},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>This study evaluated infrequent adverse
reactions to hepatitis B vaccine by investigating the
association of this vaccine with adverse health outcomes for
U.S. children less than six years of age. The evaluation of
the association between hepatitis B vaccine and chronic
arthritis provides needed data, relevant to the Institute of
Medicine's Report that there are inadequate data available
to assess the causal relationship of hepatitis B vaccine to
arthritis risk.<h4>Methods</h4>The 1993 (n = 5505 children)
and 1994 (n = 6515 children) National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS) datasets were analyzed to provide
post-marketing surveillance data from probability samples of
the U.S. population. Incident cases of adverse events were
determined from the temporal association between the
hepatitis B vaccination and the adverse events. Logistic
regression modeling was used to adjust for potential
confounding.<h4>Results</h4>Controlling for age, race, and
gender simultaneously in the 1994 NHIS, hepatitis B vaccine
was found to be associated with prevalent arthritis [odds
ratio (OR) = 5.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) =
1.05-33.14], incident acute ear infections (OR = 1.60, 95%
CI = 1.00-2.58), and incident pharyngitis/nasopharyngitis
(OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.95-2.09).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Evidence
from this study suggests that hepatitis B vaccine is
positively associated with adverse health outcomes in the
general population of US children.},
Doi = {10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00078-8},
Key = {fds277870}
}
@article{fds277869,
Author = {Parker, EA and Lichtenstein, RL and Schulz, AJ and Israel, BA and Schork, MA and Steinman, KJ and James, SA},
Title = {Disentangling measures of individual perceptions of
community social dynamics: results of a community
survey.},
Journal = {Health education & behavior : the official publication of
the Society for Public Health Education},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {462-486},
Year = {2001},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800407},
Abstract = {This study examined how different measures of individual
perceptions of community social dynamics relate to each
other and how these measures relate to self-reported general
health and depressive symptoms. Results of a principal
components analysis conducted to investigate the
interrelationships between these individual measures suggest
that these measures measure separate phenomena. In addition,
in results of multiple-regression analyses conducted to
examine associations between the various measures of
individual perceptions of community social dynamics and the
dependent variables of self-reported general health and
depressive symptoms, sense of community, perceived
neighborhood control, and neighborhood participation were
all associated with the outcome variables in separate
regression models. In a regression model with these three
variables added to control variables, only sense of
community was significantly, albeit modestly, associated
with depressive symptoms and self-reported general
health.},
Doi = {10.1177/109019810102800407},
Key = {fds277869}
}
@article{fds277865,
Author = {Orr, S and James, SA and Blackmore Prince and C},
Title = {Maternal Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Spontaneous
Preterm Births among African American Women in
Baltimore},
Journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {803-805},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds277865}
}
@article{fds277868,
Author = {Moura, VL and Warber, SL and James, SA},
Title = {CAM providers' messages to conventional medicine: a
qualitative study.},
Journal = {American journal of medical quality : the official journal
of the American College of Medical Quality},
Volume = {17},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10-14},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106286060201700103},
Abstract = {Between 30 and 50% of patients use complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM). There is little research on the
interaction between CAM and conventional providers. We
investigated what messages CAM practitioners would convey to
conventional medicine (CM). Thirty-four CAM practitioners
participated in audiotaped interviews. A coherent message
was constructed from the identified themes. CAM
practitioners see CAM supporting CM rather than replacing
it. Blending of CAM with CM benefits patients and CM
providers. CAM reintroduces the concept of healing that
technology and time pressures have reduced. The basis of
healing is connection, being present in the moment, and
seeing patients as whole human beings. Research validating
CAM effectiveness will foster integration, as will inclusion
of CAM theory and practice in the medical curricula. The
messages from CAM practitioners to CM coincide with current
views of integrative medicine. Collaboration in research,
education, and practice can foster a high-quality health
care system.},
Doi = {10.1177/106286060201700103},
Key = {fds277868}
}
@article{fds277867,
Author = {Montgomery, JP and Gillespie, BW and Gentry, AC and Mokotoff, ED and Crane, LR and James, SA},
Title = {Does access to health care impact survival time after
diagnosis of AIDS?},
Journal = {AIDS patient care and STDs},
Volume = {16},
Number = {5},
Pages = {223-231},
Year = {2002},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1087-2914},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10872910252972276},
Abstract = {Lack of access to health care is often blamed for poor
health outcomes, but this effect is not supported by
existing HIV/AIDS literature. The authors examined the
association between access to care and survival time after
progression to AIDS, using survival analysis methods. This
study combined data from two CDC sponsored studies of
HIV-infected persons, a cross-sectional interview study and
a longitudinal medical record review study. Study subjects
included 752 persons who progressed to AIDS before December
31, 1999, and were patients at either of two major HIV care
facilities in Detroit, MIchigan. Separate statistical models
were used to test associations between survival time after
meeting the criteria for AIDS and two indicators of access
to health care: (1) perceived access to health care and (2)
health care utilization patterns. Perceived access was not
associated with survival time after AIDS, but patterns of
health care utilization were significantly associated with
survival time after AIDS (HR = 2.04, p < 0.001). Individuals
who received a greater proportion of their care in the ER
had a worse survival prognosis than those who received more
of their health care in an outpatient clinic setting. It is
crucial that we provide HIV-infected populations with tools
that enable them to access a regular source of health
care.},
Doi = {10.1089/10872910252972276},
Key = {fds277867}
}
@article{fds277866,
Author = {Israel, BA and Farquhar, SA and Schulz, AJ and James, SA and Parker,
EA},
Title = {The relationship between social support, stress, and health
among women on Detroit's East Side.},
Journal = {Health education & behavior : the official publication of
the Society for Public Health Education},
Volume = {29},
Number = {3},
Pages = {342-360},
Year = {2002},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810202900306},
Abstract = {A conceptual model of the stress process has been useful in
examining relationships between numerous social determinants
(e.g., chronic stress), protective factors (e.g., social
support), and health status. In this article, the authors
examine multiple sources of chronic stress, instrumental and
emotional support, and health outcomes among a random sample
(N = 679) of predominantly low-income African American women
who reside on Detroit's east side. The findings suggest that
a number of chronic stressors have an impact on depressive
symptoms and general health and that even though
instrumental and emotional support each have a significant
effect over and above the effects of the stressors, when
both are included in the model, instrumental support, and
not emotional support, remains as a significant predictor of
health outcomes. These findings suggest the need for health
education interventions and policy strategies that
strengthen social support and aim at macro-level changes
necessary to reduce chronic stressful conditions.},
Doi = {10.1177/109019810202900306},
Key = {fds277866}
}
@article{fds277739,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Blackmore Prince and C},
Title = {Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and spontaneous
preterm births among African-American women in Baltimore,
Maryland.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {156},
Number = {9},
Pages = {797-802},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0002-9262},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf131},
Abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the relation
between maternal depressive symptoms and spontaneous preterm
birth. From 1991 to 1993, pregnant, African-American women
were prospectively enrolled at four hospital-based clinics
in Baltimore, Maryland, that serve low-income areas of the
city. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
(CES-D) Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms.
Multiple logistic regression analysis estimated the
independent contribution of maternal depressive symptoms to
spontaneous preterm birth, controlling for behavioral,
clinical, and demographic variables. Among the 1,399 women
in the sample, 117 (8.4%) had a spontaneous preterm
delivery. Spontaneous preterm birth occurred among 12.7% of
those with a CES-D score in the upper 10th percentile and
among 8.0% of those with a lower score (relative risk =
1.59). The adjusted odds ratio for an elevated CES-D score
was 1.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 3.72); hence,
maternal depressive symptoms in this sample of
African-American women were independently associated with
spontaneous preterm birth. Effective treatment of depression
in pregnant women could ultimately result in a reduction of
spontaneous preterm births.},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwf131},
Key = {fds277739}
}
@article{fds277864,
Author = {Lopes, AA and Port, FK and James, SA and Silveira, MA and Martinelli, R and Brito, E and Rocha, H},
Title = {Race and glomerulonephritis in patients with and without
hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni.},
Journal = {Clinical nephrology},
Volume = {58},
Number = {5},
Pages = {333-336},
Year = {2002},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/cnp58333},
Abstract = {<h4>Background/aims</h4>United States investigators have
shown evidence of higher susceptibility to focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in blacks than in whites. This
association between race and FSGS has not been assessed
outside the US. The present study assesses the association
between race and type of glomerulonephritis in a sample of
Brazilian patients, taking into account the presence of the
hepatosplenic form of Schistosomiasis mansoni
(HSM).<h4>Methods</h4>Eighty patients with focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were compared to 50 with
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The
association between race (i.e. black versus white) and type
of glomerulonephritis was adjusted for age, gender and HSM
by logistic regression.<h4>Results</h4>Blacks were more
likely than whites to have FSGS (as compared to MPGN), both
among patients with HSM (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67; 95%
confidence interval (CI) = 0.81 - 8.81) and without HSM (OR
= 2.19; 95% CI = 0.79 - 6.05). After adjustment for age,
gender and HSM, the odds of FSGS remained significantly
greater for blacks (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.05 -
5.95).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The increased likelihood of FSGS in
Brazilian blacks is consistent with findings from US
patients. The association between race and type of
glomerulonephritis was similar between patients with and
without HSM. Future investigations should focus on the
mediators factors that might explain these
findings.},
Doi = {10.5414/cnp58333},
Key = {fds277864}
}
@article{fds277794,
Author = {James, S},
Title = {The Moral Economy of US Racial/Ethnic Health
Disparities},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {93},
Number = {2},
Pages = {189},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds277794}
}
@article{fds277863,
Author = {Katz, RV and Kegeles, SS and Green, BL and Kressin, NR and James, SA and Claudio, C},
Title = {The Tuskegee Legacy Project: history, preliminary scientific
findings, and unanticipated societal benefits.},
Journal = {Dental clinics of North America},
Volume = {47},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-19},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00049-6},
Abstract = {This article is intended to provide a relatively complete
picture of how a pilot study--conceived and initiated within
an NIDCR-funded RRCMOH--matured into a solid line of
investigation within that center and "with legs" into a
fully funded study within the next generation of NIDCR
centers on this topic of health disparities, the Centers for
Research to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. It highlights
the natural opportunity that these centers provide for
multicenter. cross-disciplinary research and for research
career pipelining for college and dental school students;
with a focus, in this case, on minority students.
Futhermore, this series of events demonstrates the rich
potential that these types of research centers have to
contribute in ways that far exceed the scientific outcomes
that form their core. In this instance, the NMOHRC played a
central--and critical, if unanticipated--role in
contributing to two events of national significance, namely
the presidential apology to the African American community
for the research abuses of the USPHS--Tuskegee syphilis
study and the establishment of the National Center for
Bioethics in Research and Health Care at Tuskegee
University. Research Centers supported by the NIH are fully
intended to create a vortex of scientific activity that goes
well beyond the direct scientific aims of the studies
initially funded within those centers. The maxim is that the
whole should be greater than the sum of its initial
constituent studies or parts. We believe that NMOHRC did
indeed achieve that maxim--even extending "the whole" to
include broad societal impact. well beyond the scope of
important, but mere, scientific outcomes--all within the
concept and appropriate functions of a scientific NIH-funded
research center.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00049-6},
Key = {fds277863}
}
@article{fds304186,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Confronting the moral economy of US racial/ethnic health
disparities.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {93},
Number = {2},
Pages = {189},
Year = {2003},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.2.189},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.93.2.189},
Key = {fds304186}
}
@article{fds277862,
Author = {Joseph, MA and Harlow, SD and Wei, JT and Sarma, AV and Dunn, RL and Taylor, JMG and James, SA and Cooney, KA and Doerr, KM and Montie, JE and Schottenfeld, D},
Title = {Risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms in a
population-based sample of African-American
men.},
Journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
Volume = {157},
Number = {10},
Pages = {906-914},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg051},
Abstract = {Previous epidemiologic studies evaluating risk factors for
lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have focused on White
populations. Between September 1996 and January 1998, in a
population-based sample of African-American men aged 40-79
years in Flint, Michigan, the authors assessed the role of
putative sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical history
risk factors in moderate to severe LUTS, including the
subcategories of obstructive and irritative symptoms. After
the exclusion of men with prostate cancer or prior prostate
surgery and men who were taking alpha-blockers for urinary
tract symptoms, 708 participants provided responses to a
structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. After
multivariable adjustment, current and former smokers were at
increased risk of moderate to severe LUTS, including
obstructive symptoms. Heavy alcohol consumption and a
history of hypertension or diabetes were positively
associated with LUTS, and high income (>/=$30,000) was
inversely associated with LUTS and with obstructive and
irritative symptoms. A history of heart disease was
positively associated with LUTS and with irritative
symptoms. To the authors' knowledge, this was the first
population-based study undertaken in African-American men to
evaluate putative risk factors for moderate to severe LUTS,
including subcategories of obstructive and irritative
urinary symptoms. These results describe associations with
specific lifestyle and medical history risk
factors.},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwg051},
Key = {fds277862}
}
@article{fds277861,
Author = {Lopes, AA and James, SA and Port, FK and Ojo, AO and Agodoa, LY and Jamerson, KA},
Title = {Meeting the challenge to improve the treatment of
hypertension in blacks.},
Journal = {Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich,
Conn.)},
Volume = {5},
Number = {6},
Pages = {393-401},
Year = {2003},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-6175.2003.01736.x},
Abstract = {Hypertension is more prevalent and severe in African
descendent populations living outside Africa than in any
other population. Given this greater burden of hypertension
in blacks, it is increasingly necessary to refine strategies
to prevent the disorder as well as improve its treatment and
control. This review assesses results from clinical trials
on lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions to identify
which approaches most effectively prevent adverse
hypertension-related outcomes in African descendent
populations. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
(DASH) study provided evidence that a carefully controlled
diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, and
reduced in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol (i.e.,
the DASH diet) reduces blood pressure in blacks and is well
accepted. The combination of the DASH diet with reduction in
dietary sodium below 100 mmol/d may provide a reduction in
blood pressure beyond that reached by the DASH diet alone.
Physical exercise and interventions to reduce psychological
stress may also reduce blood pressure in blacks. Strong
evidence from numerous studies is a compelling argument for
continuing to recommend diuretics and beta blockers as
first-line antihypertensive therapy for persons of all
races. Some new studies also favor angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors as first-line antihypertensive drugs. The
African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension
provided evidence that an angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitor-based treatment program is more beneficial than
calcium channel blockers and beta blockers in reducing the
progression of renal failure in blacks with hypertensive
nephropathy. Studies in patients with diabetes have also
shown evidence that both angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists are more
effective than other classes of antihypertensives in
reducing adverse renal events. Studies to evaluate the
effects of the new antihypertensives in improving outcomes
in blacks living outside the United States are
needed.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1524-6175.2003.01736.x},
Key = {fds277861}
}
@article{fds277793,
Author = {Almeida-Filho, N and Lessa, I and Magalh es, L and Araújo, MJ and Aquino, E and Kawachi, I and James, SA},
Title = {Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social
class in Bahia, Brazil.},
Journal = {Revista de saude publica},
Volume = {38},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-54},
Year = {2004},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000100007},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To study patterns of alcohol consumption
and prevalence of high-risk drinking.<h4>Methods</h4>A
household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults
in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD) were
defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge
drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported
any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness
(at least once a week).<h4>Results</h4>Fifty-six per cent of
the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages.
Overall consumption was significantly related with gender
(male), marital status (single), migration (non-migrant),
better educated (college level), and social class (upper).
No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity,
except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor) and other
distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of
high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among
males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%). A positive
association of HRD prevalence with education and social
class was found. No overall relationship was found between
ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic
status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way
stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects
throughout all strata of independent variables.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The
findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine
local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional
research on long-term and differential effects of gender,
ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is
needed in order to explain their role as sources of social
health inequities.},
Doi = {10.1590/s0034-89102004000100007},
Key = {fds277793}
}
@article{fds277792,
Author = {Almeida-Filho, N and Lessa, I and Magalhães, L and Araújo, MJ and Aquino, E and James, SA and Kawachi, I},
Title = {Social inequality and depressive disorders in Bahia, Brazil:
interactions of gender, ethnicity, and social
class.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {59},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1339-1353},
Year = {2004},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.037},
Abstract = {We conducted a study of the association between gender,
race/ethnicity, and social class and prevalence of
depressive disorders in an urban sample (N = 2302) in Bahia,
Brazil. Individual mental health status was assessed by the
PSAD/QMPA scale. Family SES and head of household's
schooling and occupation were taken as components for a
4-level social class scale. Race/ethnicity (white, moreno,
mulatto, black) was assessed with a combination of
self-designation and a system of racial classification. The
overall 12-month prevalence of depressive symptoms was 12%,
with a female:male ratio of 2:1. Divorced/widowed persons
showed the highest prevalence and single the lowest. There
was a negative correlation with education: the ratio college
educated:illiterate was 4:1. This gradient was stronger for
women than men. There was no F:M difference in depression
among Whites, upper-middle classes, college-educated, or
illiterate. Prevalence ratios for single, widowed and Blacks
were well above the overall pattern. Regarding
race/ethnicity, higher prevalences of depression were
concentrated in the Moreno and Mulatto subgroups. There was
a consistent social class and gender interaction, along all
race/ethnicity strata. Three-way interaction analyses found
strong gender effect for poor and working-class groups, for
all race/ethnicity strata but Whites. Black poor yielded the
strongest gender effect of all (up to nine-fold). We
conclude that even in a highly unequal context such as
Bahia, Blacks, Mulattos and women were protected from
depression by placement into the local dominant classes; and
that the social meaning of ethnic-gender-generation
diversity varies with being unemployed or underemployed,
poor or miserable, urban or rural, migrant or
non-migrant.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.037},
Key = {fds277792}
}
@article{fds277791,
Author = {Madison, T and Schottenfeld, D and James, SA and Schwartz, AG and Gruber, SB},
Title = {Endometrial cancer: socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic
differences in stage at diagnosis, treatment, and
survival.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {94},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2104-2111},
Year = {2004},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.12.2104},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>We evaluated the association between
socioeconomic status and racial/ ethnic differences in
endometrial cancer stage at diagnosis, treatment, and
survival.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a population-based
study among 3656 women.<h4>Results</h4>Multivariate analyses
showed that either race/ethnicity or income, but not both,
was associated with advanced-stage disease. Age, stage at
diagnosis, and income were independent predictors of
hysterectomy. African American ethnicity, increased age,
aggressive histology, poor tumor grade, and advanced-stage
disease were associated with increased risk for death;
higher income and hysterectomy were associated with
decreased risk for death.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Lower income
was associated with advanced-stage disease, lower likelihood
of receiving a hysterectomy, and lower rates of survival.
Earlier diagnosis and removal of barriers to optimal
treatment among lower-socioeconomic status women will
diminish racial/ethnic differences in endometrial cancer
survival.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.94.12.2104},
Key = {fds277791}
}
@article{fds277741,
Author = {Zenk, SN and Schulz, AJ and Israel, BA and James, SA and Bao, S and Wilson,
ML},
Title = {Neighborhood Racial Composition, Neighborhood Poverty, and
Supermarket Accessibility in Metropolitan
Detroit},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {95},
Number = {4},
Pages = {660-667},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2004.042150},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We evaluated the spatial accessibility of
large "chain" supermarkets in relation to neighborhood
racial composition and poverty.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a
geographic information system to measure Manhattan block
distance to the nearest supermarket for 869 neighborhoods
(census tracts) in metropolitan Detroit. We constructed
moving average spatial regression models to adjust for
spatial autocorrelation and to test for the effect of
modification of percentage African American and percentage
poor on distance to the nearest supermarket.<h4>Results</h4>Distance
to the nearest supermarket was similar among the least
impoverished neighborhoods, regardless of racial
composition. Among the most impoverished neighborhoods,
however, neighborhoods in which African Americans resided
were, on average, 1.1 miles further from the nearest
supermarket than were White neighborhoods.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Racial
residential segregation disproportionately places African
Americans in more-impoverished neighborhoods in Detroit and
consequently reduces access to supermarkets. However,
supermarkets have opened or remained open close to
middle-income neighborhoods that have transitioned from
White to African American. Development of economically
disadvantaged African American neighborhoods is critical to
effectively prevent diet-related diseases among this
population.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2004.042150},
Key = {fds277741}
}
@article{fds277789,
Author = {Two Feathers and J and Kieffer, EC and Guzman, R and Palmisano, G and Anderson, M and Sinco, B and James, SA},
Title = {Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH)
Detroit Partnership: Improving Diabetes-related Outcomes
among African American and Latino Adults},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {95},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1552-1560},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2005.066134},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We sought to determine the effects of a
community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle
intervention on risk factors for diabetes complications
among African Americans and Latinos with type 2
diabetes.<h4>Methods</h4>One hundred fifty-one African
American and Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from
3 health care systems in Detroit, Michigan, to participate
in the Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health
(REACH) Detroit Partnership diabetes lifestyle intervention.
The curriculum, delivered by trained community residents,
was aimed at improving dietary, physical activity, and
diabetes self-care behaviors. Baseline and postintervention
levels of diabetes-specific quality-of-life, diet, physical
activity, self-care knowledge and behaviors, and hemoglobin
A1C were assessed.<h4>Results</h4>There were statistically
significant improvements in postintervention dietary
knowledge and behaviors and physical activity knowledge. A
statistically significant improvement in A1C level was
achieved among REACH Detroit program participants (P<.0001)
compared with a group of patients with diabetes in the same
health care system in which no significant changes were
observed (P=.160).<h4>Conclusions</h4>A culturally tailored
diabetes lifestyle intervention delivered by trained
community residents produced significant improvement in
dietary and diabetes self-care related knowledge and
behaviors as well as important metabolic
improvements.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2005.066134},
Key = {fds277789}
}
@article{fds277790,
Author = {Magalh, A-FNLI and 227es L, A and SA, JMAEKIJ},
Title = {Social Inequality and Alcohol Consumption-Abuse in Bahia,
Brazil: Interactions of Gender, Ethnicity, and Social
Class},
Journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {214-222},
Year = {2005},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0883-4},
Abstract = {Background: This paper reports findings on Alcohol
Consumption-Abuse (ACAb) in Bahia, Brazil, a research
setting characterized by racial/ ethnic and socioeconomic
diversity. Methods: A household survey was conducted with a
sample of 2,302 adults. ACAb was defined as daily intake of
more than two units of beverage, with drunkenness, or weekly
binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness, or any use of
alcoholic beverages with frequent drunkenness, with failed
attempts to stop drinking. Results: The rate of 12-month
prevalence was 7%, with an overall male: female ratio of
6:1. A positive association of ACAb prevalence with
education and social class was found. Male gender and higher
socio- economic status were associated with increased odds
of ACAb. No relationship was found between ethnicity and
ACAb. Stratified analysis yielded consistent gender effects,
throughout all strata of independent variables. A strong
interaction of gender (male) and social class (upper class)
was found for Mulattos and Morenos (maximum Prevalence rate
= 9.04). Conclusion: Interaction patterns found defy simple
generalizations based on class, ethnicity, and gender
considered alone. © Steinkopff Verlag 2005.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00127-005-0883-4},
Key = {fds277790}
}
@article{fds304187,
Author = {Almeida-Filho, N and Lessa, I and Magalhães, L and Araújo, MJ and Aquino, E and James, SA and Kawachi, I},
Title = {Social inequality and alcohol consumption-abuse in Bahia,
Brazil-- interactions of gender, ethnicity and social
class.},
Journal = {Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {214-222},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0883-4},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>This paper reports findings on Alcohol
Consumption-Abuse (ACAb) in Bahia, Brazil, a research
setting characterized by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic
diversity.<h4>Methods</h4>A household survey was conducted
with a sample of 2,302 adults. ACAb was defined as daily
intake of more than two units of beverage, with drunkenness,
or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness, or
any use of alcoholic beverages with frequent drunkenness,
with failed attempts to stop drinking.<h4>Results</h4>The
rate of 12-month prevalence was 7%, with an overall male:
female ratio of 6:1. A positive association of ACAb
prevalence with education and social class was found. Male
gender and higher socio-economic status were associated with
increased odds of ACAb. No relationship was found between
ethnicity and ACAb. Stratified analysis yielded consistent
gender effects, throughout all strata of independent
variables. A strong interaction of gender (male) and social
class (upper class) was found for Mulattos and Morenos
(maximum Prevalence rate=9.04).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Interaction
patterns found defy simple generalizations based on class,
ethnicity, and gender considered alone.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00127-005-0883-4},
Key = {fds304187}
}
@article{fds277781,
Author = {Schulz, AJ and Kannan, S and Dvonch, JT and Israel, BA and Allen, A and James, SA and House, JS and Lepkowski, J},
Title = {Social and physical environments and disparities in risk for
cardiovascular disease: the healthy environments partnership
conceptual model.},
Journal = {Environmental health perspectives},
Volume = {113},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1817-1825},
Year = {2005},
Month = {Summer},
ISSN = {0091-6765},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7913},
Abstract = {The Healthy Environments Partnership (HEP) is a
community-based participatory research effort investigating
variations in cardiovascular disease risk, and the
contributions of social and physical environments to those
variations, among non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white,
and Hispanic residents in three areas of Detroit, Michigan.
Initiated in October 2000 as a part of the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Health
Disparities Initiative, HEP is affiliated with the Detroit
Community-Academic Urban Research Center. The study is
guided by a conceptual model that considers race-based
residential segregation and associated concentrations of
poverty and wealth to be fundamental factors influencing
multiple, more proximate predictors of cardiovascular risk.
Within this model, physical and social environments are
identified as intermediate factors that mediate
relationships between fundamental factors and more proximate
factors such as physical activity and dietary practices that
ultimately influence anthropomorphic and physiologic
indicators of cardiovascular risk. The study design and data
collection methods were jointly developed and implemented by
a research team based in community-based organizations,
health service organizations, and academic institutions.
These efforts include collecting and analyzing airborne
particulate matter over a 3-year period; census and
administrative data; neighborhood observation checklist data
to assess aspects of the physical and social environment;
household survey data including information on perceived
stressors, access to social support, and health-related
behaviors; and anthropometric, biomarker, and self-report
data as indicators of cardiovascular health. Through these
collaborative efforts, HEP seeks to contribute to an
understanding of factors that contribute to racial and
socioeconomic health inequities, and develop a foundation
for efforts to eliminate these disparities in
Detroit.},
Doi = {10.1289/ehp.7913},
Key = {fds277781}
}
@article{fds340510,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Garry, J and Prince, CB and Newton,
ER},
Title = {Excercise and Pregnancy Outcome among Urban, Low Income
Black Women.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & Disease},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {933-937},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds340510}
}
@article{fds277743,
Author = {Zenk, SN and Schulz, AJ and Israel, BA and James, SA and Bao, S and Wilson,
ML},
Title = {Fruit and vegetable access differs by community racial
composition and socioeconomic position in Detroit,
Michigan.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {275-280},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1049-510X},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>To compare the availability, selection,
quality, and price of fresh fruit and vegetables at food
stores in four Detroit-area communities: 1) predominately
African-American, low socioeconomic position (SEP); 2)
racially heterogeneous, low SEP; 3) predominately
African-American, middle SEP; and 4) racially heterogeneous,
middle SEP.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional observational
survey, conducted fall 2002.<h4>Setting</h4>Detroit,
Michigan<h4>Sample</h4>Overall, 304 food stores located in
the four communities were evaluated: chain grocery, large
independent grocery, "mom-and-pop" grocery, specialty (meat,
fruit and vegetable markets), convenience without gasoline,
and liquor stores.<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>Availability
was indicated by whether a store carried fresh fruit or
vegetables, selection was based on a count of 80 fruit and
vegetables, quality was evaluated according to USDA
guidelines for a subset of 20 fruit and vegetables, and
price was assessed for 20 fruit and vegetables by using the
lowest-cost method.<h4>Results</h4>Mean quality of fresh
produce was significantly lower in the predominately
African-American, low-SEP community than in the racially
heterogeneous, middle-SEP community. Differences in the
types of stores present only partially explained this
quality differential. The predominately African-American,
low-SEP community had more than four times more liquor
stores and fewer grocery stores per 100,000 residents than
the racially heterogeneous, middle-SEP community. Mean
overall selection and price of fresh produce at stores did
not differ among communities.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Increasing
access to high-quality fresh produce in low-income
communities of color is a critical first step toward
improving health through better dietary practices in this
population.},
Key = {fds277743}
}
@article{fds277744,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Garry, J and Prince, CB and Newton,
ER},
Title = {Exercise and pregnancy outcome among urban, low-income,
black women.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {933-937},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1049-510X},
Abstract = {Few studies have focused on the association between maternal
exercise and outcomes of pregnancy among low-income, Black
women. The analysis reported here examines the associations
between exercise before and during pregnancy and pregnancy
outcomes of preterm birth and low birth weight among a
sample of urban, low-income, Black women. Women (N=922) were
enrolled in this prospective cohort study during their first
prenatal visit at five hospital-based prenatal clinics
located in Baltimore City, Maryland, from 1993 to 1995. A
questionnaire was used to ask women about their
participation in strenuous and non-strenuous exercise before
and during pregnancy. Nearly two thirds of the women
reported participating in exercise during pregnancy; most
women participated in non-strenuous exercise (56%). The
risks of both low birth weight (12.2%) and preterm birth
(13.7%) were not significantly different whether women
reported exercising or not, either before or during
pregnancy. For women who were considered high risk because
of chronic diseases or previous poor pregnancy outcome,
stratified analysis indicated no significant difference in
preterm birth or low birth weight between those who
exercised and those who did not. Our analysis failed to
identify any association between exercise and pregnancy
outcomes among low-income, urban, Black women.},
Key = {fds277744}
}
@article{fds277784,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Garry, J and Newton, E},
Title = {Exercise participation before and during pregnancy among
low-income, urban, Black women: the Baltimore Preterm Birth
Study.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {909-913},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1049-510X},
Abstract = {National data demonstrate that Black women have poorer
health status, and greater risk of death from chronic
diseases, than their White counterparts. Exercise can help
prevent chronic disease, and adult Black women are less
likely to engage in exercise than White women. However, few
data are available about exercise among pregnant Black
women. Pregnant Black women were enrolled in this study at
hospital-based prenatal clinics in Baltimore, Maryland.
Exercise before and during pregnancy were assessed at the
first prenatal visit, along with exposure to stressors,
depression, John Henryism Active Coping, and behavioral
factors such as smoking. Among the 922 women in the sample,
approximately three quarters reported engaging in exercise
before pregnancy, and two thirds exercised during pregnancy.
Most women engaged in non-strenuous exercise during
pregnancy (56%) and exercised for > or = 20 minutes at least
three times per week (80%). Exercise participation was
significantly associated with higher levels of John Henryism
Active Coping and lower levels of depression but was not
significantly associated with behavioral factors or exposure
to stressors. Prior research, based on older women, may have
underestimated exercise participation by young Black women.
These results suggest that Black women may decrease exercise
participation after pregnancy and as they age. Encouraging
Black women to continue to exercise as they age may have
promising implications for the prevention of chronic
diseases.},
Key = {fds277784}
}
@article{fds277783,
Author = {James, SA and Fowler-Brown, A and Raghunathan, TE and Van Hoewyk,
J},
Title = {Life-course socioeconomic position and obesity in African
American Women: the Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {96},
Number = {3},
Pages = {554-560},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16449599},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We studied obesity in African American
women in relationship to their socioeconomic position (SEP)
in childhood and adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>On the basis of
parents' occupation, we classified 679 women in the Pitt
County (North Carolina) Study into low and high childhood
SEP. Women's education, occupation, employment status, and
home ownership were used to classify them into low and high
adulthood SEP. Four life-course SEP categories resulted: low
childhood/low adulthood, low childhood/high adulthood, high
childhood/low adulthood, and high childhood/high
adulthood.<h4>Results</h4>The odds of obesity were twice as
high among women from low versus high childhood SEP
backgrounds, and 25% higher among women of low versus high
adulthood SEP. Compared to that in women of high SEP in both
childhood and adulthood, the odds of obesity doubled for
low/low SEP women, were 55% higher for low/high SEP women,
and were comparable for high/low SEP women.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Socioeconomic
deprivation in childhood was a strong predictor of adulthood
obesity in this community sample of African American women.
Findings are consistent with both critical period and
cumulative burden models of life-course socioeconomic
deprivation and long-term risk for obesity in African
American women.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2004.053447},
Key = {fds277783}
}
@article{fds277782,
Author = {Spencer, MS and Kieffer, EC and Sinco, BR and Palmisano, G and Guzman,
JR and James, SA and Graddy-Dansby, G and Two Feathers and J and Heisler,
M},
Title = {Diabetes-specific emotional distress among African Americans
and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes.},
Journal = {Journal of health care for the poor and underserved},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2 Suppl},
Pages = {88-105},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1049-2089},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0095},
Abstract = {This study examines baseline levels and correlates of
diabetes-related emotional distress among inner-city African
Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. The Problem
Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, which measures
diabetes-related emotional distress, was administered to 180
African American and Hispanic adults participating in the
REACH Detroit Partnership. We examined bivariate and
multivariate associations between emotional distress and
biological, psychosocial, and quality of health care
variables for African Americans and Hispanics. Scores were
significantly higher among Hispanics than African Americans.
Demographic factors were stronger predictors of emotional
distress for Hispanics than for African Americans. Daily
hassles, physician support, and perceived seriousness and
understanding of diabetes were significant for African
Americans. Understanding the personal, family and community
context of living with diabetes and conducting interventions
that provide support and coping strategies for
self-management have important implications for reducing
health disparities among disadvantaged racial and ethnic
groups.},
Doi = {10.1353/hpu.2006.0095},
Key = {fds277782}
}
@article{fds277785,
Author = {James, SA and Van Hoewyk and J and Belli, RF and Strogatz, DS and Williams,
DR and Raghunathan, TE},
Title = {Life-course socioeconomic position and hypertension in
African American men: the Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {96},
Number = {5},
Pages = {812-817},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571689},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We investigated the odds of hypertension
for Black men in relationship to their socioeconomic
position (SEP) in both childhood and adulthood.<h4>Methods</h4>On
the basis of their parents' occupation, we classified 379
men in the Pitt County (North Carolina) Study into low and
high childhood SEP. The men's own education, occupation,
employment status, and home ownership status were used to
classify them into low and high adulthood SEP. Four
life-course SEP categories resulted: low childhood/low
adulthood, low childhood/high adulthood, high childhood/low
adulthood, and high childhood/high adulthood.<h4>Results</h4>Low
childhood SEP was associated with a 60% greater odds of
hypertension, and low adulthood SEP was associated with a
2-fold greater odds of hypertension. Compared with men of
high SEP in both childhood and adulthood, the odds of
hypertension were 7 times greater for low/low SEP men, 4
times greater for low/high SEP men, and 6 times greater for
high/low SEP men.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Greater access to
material resources in both childhood and adulthood was
protective against premature hypertension in this cohort of
Black men. Though some parameter estimates were imprecise,
study findings are consistent with both pathway and
cumulative burden models of hypertension.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2005.076158},
Key = {fds277785}
}
@article{fds277763,
Author = {Orr, ST and Blazer, DG and James, SA},
Title = {Racial disparities in elevated prenatal depressive symptoms
among black and white women in eastern north
Carolina.},
Journal = {Ann Epidemiol},
Volume = {16},
Number = {6},
Pages = {463-468},
Year = {2006},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1047-2797},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257228},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: Black women have an increased risk for preterm
birth compared with white women, and prior research
indicated that maternal prenatal depressive symptoms are
associated with increased risk for preterm outcomes among
black women. Race-related differences in prenatal depression
could be of etiologic significance in understanding racial
disparities in preterm birth. Our study focused on Center
for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale (CES-D) scores
of pregnant black and white women. METHODS: Women were
administered the CES-D at the time of their first visit to
hospital-based prenatal clinics. Two cutoff scores for the
CES-D were used: 16 or higher, which indicates "significant"
depressive symptoms, and 23 or higher, which indicates major
depressive disorder. RESULTS: For the sample of 1163 women,
mean CES-D scores were significantly higher among black
(17.4) than white (13.7) women. Of black women, 49% had
CES-D scores higher than 15 compared with 33.5% of white
women. Also, 27.5% of black women had scores higher than 22
compared with 16% of white women. After adjustment for
maternal age, marital status, and education, odds ratios for
race for both CES-D cutoff scores were approximately 1.5.
CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that black women
have greater rates of prenatal depression than white
women.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.08.004},
Key = {fds277763}
}
@article{fds277786,
Author = {Geronimus, AT and Colen, CG and Shochet, T and Ingber, LB and James,
SA},
Title = {Urban-rural differences in excess mortality among
high-poverty populations: evidence from the Harlem Household
Survey and the Pitt County, North Carolina Study of African
American Health.},
Journal = {Journal of health care for the poor and underserved},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {532-558},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1049-2089},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0105},
Abstract = {Black youth residing in high-poverty areas have dramatically
lower probabilities of surviving to age 65 if they are urban
than if they are rural. Chronic disease deaths contribute
heavily. We begin to probe the reasons using the Harlem
Household Survey (HHS) and the Pitt County, North Carolina
Study of African American Health (PCS). We compare HHS and
PCS respondents on chronic disease rates, health behaviors,
social support, employment, indicators of health care
access, and health insurance. Chronic disease profiles do
not favor Pitt County. Smoking uptake is similar across
samples, but PCS respondents are more likely to quit.
Indicators of access to health care and private health
insurance are more favorable in Pitt County. Findings
suggest rural mortality is averted through secondary or
tertiary prevention, not primary. Macroeconomic and health
system changes of the past 20 years may have left poor urban
Blacks as medically underserved as poor rural
Blacks.},
Doi = {10.1353/hpu.2006.0105},
Key = {fds277786}
}
@article{fds277787,
Author = {Katz, RV and Kegeles, SS and Kressin, NR and Green, BL and Wang, MQ and James, SA and Russell, SL and Claudio, C},
Title = {The Tuskegee Legacy Project: willingness of minorities to
participate in biomedical research.},
Journal = {Journal of health care for the poor and underserved},
Volume = {17},
Number = {4},
Pages = {698-715},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1049-2089},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0126},
Abstract = {The broad goal of the Tuskegee Legacy Project (TLP) study
was to address, and understand, a range of issues related to
the recruitment and retention of Blacks and other minorities
in biomedical research studies. The specific aim of this
analysis was to compare the self-reported willingness of
Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites to participate as research
subjects in biomedical studies, as measured by the
Likelihood of Participation (LOP) Scale and the Guinea Pig
Fear Factor (GPFF) Scale. The Tuskegee Legacy Project
Questionnaire, a 60 item instrument, was administered to
1,133 adult Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites in 4
U.S. cities. The findings revealed no difference in
self-reported willingness to participate in biomedical
research, as measured by the LOP Scale, between Blacks,
Hispanics, and Whites, despite Blacks being 1.8 times as
likely as Whites to have a higher fear of participation in
biomedical research on the GPFF Scale.},
Doi = {10.1353/hpu.2006.0126},
Key = {fds277787}
}
@article{fds277788,
Author = {Colen, CG and Geronimus, AT and Bound, J and James,
SA},
Title = {Facing the Realities of the American Dream: Upward Maternal
Socioeconomic Mobility and Black-White Disparities in Infant
Birth Weight},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {96},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2032-2039},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.076547},
Abstract = {Objectives. We estimate the extent to which upward
socioeconomic mobility limits the probability that Black and
White women who spent their childhoods in or near poverty
will give birth to a low-birthweight baby. Methods. Data
from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the
1970 US Census were used to complete a series of logistic
regression models. We restricted multivariate analyses to
female survey respondents who, at 14 years of age, were
living in households in which the income-to-needs ratio did
not exceed 200% of poverty. Results. For White women, the
probability of giving birth to a low-birthweight baby
decreases by 48% for every 1 unit increase in the natural
logarithm of adult family income, once the effects of all
other covariates are taken into account. For Black women,
the relation between adult family income and the probability
of low birthweight is also negative; however, this
association fails to reach statistical significance.
Conclusions. Upward socioeconomic mobility contributes to
improved birth outcomes among infants born to White women
who were poor as children, but the same does not hold true
for their Black counterparts.},
Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2005.076547},
Key = {fds277788}
}
@article{fds304188,
Author = {Colen, CG and Geronimus, AT and Bound, J and James,
SA},
Title = {Maternal upward socioeconomic mobility and black-white
disparities in infant birthweight.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {96},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2032-2039},
Year = {2006},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2005.076547},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We estimate the extent to which upward
socioeconomic mobility limits the probability that Black and
White women who spent their childhoods in or near poverty
will give birth to a low-birthweight baby.<h4>Methods</h4>Data
from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the
1970 US Census were used to complete a series of logistic
regression models. We restricted multivariate analyses to
female survey respondents who, at 14 years of age, were
living in households in which the income-to-needs ratio did
not exceed 200% of poverty.<h4>Results</h4>For White women,
the probability of giving birth to a low-birthweight baby
decreases by 48% for every 1 unit increase in the natural
logarithm of adult family income, once the effects of all
other covariates are taken into account. For Black women,
the relation between adult family income and the probability
of low birthweight is also negative; however, this
association fails to reach statistical significance.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Upward
socioeconomic mobility contributes to improved birth
outcomes among infants born to White women who were poor as
children, but the same does not hold true for their Black
counterparts.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2005.076547},
Key = {fds304188}
}
@article{fds340509,
Author = {Zenk, SN and Schulz, AJ and Israel, BA and James, SA and Wilson, ML and Bao, S},
Title = {Fruit and Vegetable Access Differs by Community Racial
Composition and Socioeconomic},
Journal = {Ethnicity & Disease},
Volume = {16},
Pages = {275-280},
Year = {2006},
Month = {Winter},
Key = {fds340509}
}
@article{fds277727,
Author = {Belli, RF and James, SA and VanHoewy, J and Alcser,
K},
Title = {The Implementation of a Computerized Event History Calendar
Questionnaire for Research in Life Course Epidemiology, in
RF Belli, FP Stafford, DF Alwin (Editors), Sage
Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA; 2007: pp.318-340},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds277727}
}
@article{fds277749,
Author = {Kaufman, JS and Geronimus, AT and James, SA},
Title = {Faulty interpretation of observed racial disparity in
recurrent preterm birth},
Journal = {American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology},
Volume = {197},
Number = {3},
Pages = {327-328},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0002-9378},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.04.040},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2007.04.040},
Key = {fds277749}
}
@article{fds277777,
Author = {Orr, ST and Reiter, JP and Blazer, DG and James, SA},
Title = {Maternal prenatal pregnancy-related anxiety and spontaneous
preterm birth in Baltimore, Maryland.},
Journal = {Psychosom Med},
Volume = {69},
Number = {6},
Pages = {566-570},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636150},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To focus on the relationship between
pregnancy-related anxiety and spontaneous preterm birth.
Psychosocial factors have been the subject of inquiries
about the etiology of preterm birth; a factor of recent
interest is maternal prenatal pregnancy-related anxiety
(worries and concerns related to the pregnancy). METHODS:
From 1991 to 1993, a total of 1820 women completed the study
questionnaire during their first prenatal visit to clinics
in Baltimore, Maryland. Pregnancy-related anxiety was
assessed using six questions from the Prenatal Social
Environment Inventory; scores ranged from 0 to 6. Data on
pregnancy outcome and clinical and behavioral covariates
were obtained from the women's clinical records. RESULTS:
After adjustment for covariates (first or second trimester
bleeding, drug use, employment, prior poor pregnancy
outcome, smoking, low body mass index, maternal education,
age, and race), women with higher levels of
pregnancy-related anxiety (scores of 5 or 6) had a
significantly increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth
compared with those with scores of < or =3. CONCLUSIONS: If
additional research confirms these results, then this
finding may suggest the possibility of intervention to
reduce maternal prenatal pregnancy-related worries and
concerns, thereby reducing the risk of spontaneous preterm
birth.},
Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180cac25d},
Key = {fds277777}
}
@article{fds277780,
Author = {Bennett, GG and Wolin, KY and James, SA},
Title = {Lifecourse socioeconomic position and weight change among
blacks: The Pitt County study.},
Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {172-181},
Year = {2007},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1930-7381},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.522},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>The elevated prevalence of obesity among
U.S. blacks has been attributed to low socioeconomic
position (SEP), despite inconsistent empirical findings. It
is unclear whether low SEP at various lifecourse stages
differentially influences adulthood BMI and BMI
change.<h4>Research methods and procedures</h4>Among 1167
black adults in the Pitt County Study, we examined
independent cross-sectional and longitudinal associations
between SEP, measured in childhood and adulthood, and BMI
and 13-year BMI change. Low vs. high childhood SEP was
measured by parental occupation and childhood household
deprivation; low vs. high adulthood SEP was assessed by
employment status, education, and occupation. Using
childhood and adulthood SEP, four lifecourse SEP categories
were created: low-low, low-high, high-low,
high-high.<h4>Results</h4>We found no consistent
associations between SEP and BMI or BMI change among men.
Among women, we observed the expected inverse association
between SEP and BMI at baseline. In multivariable-adjusted
analyses, socioeconomically advantaged women demonstrated
larger 13-year increases in BMI: skilled vs. unskilled
parental occupation (6.1 vs. 4.8 kg/m2, p = 0.04);
college-educated vs. < high school (6.2 vs. 4.5 kg/m2, p =
0.04); white-collar vs. blue-collar job (5.8 vs. 4.8 kg/m2,
p = 0.05); and high-high vs. low-low lifecourse SEP (6.5 vs.
4.6 kg/m2, p = 0.02).<h4>Discussion</h4>For women in this
black cohort, lower SEP predicted earlier onset of obesity;
however, low SEP was less predictive of BMI increases over
time. Our findings demonstrate complex patterns of
association between SEP and BMI change among black
women.},
Doi = {10.1038/oby.2007.522},
Key = {fds277780}
}
@article{fds277779,
Author = {Lucove, JC and Kaufman, JS and James, SA},
Title = {Adult and Childhood Socio-economic Status and Metabolic
Syndrome among African Americans: the Pitt County
Study},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {97},
Number = {2},
Pages = {234-236},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.087429},
Abstract = {We evaluated the association between socioeconomic status
(SES) during childhood and adulthood and prevalence of the
metabolic syndrome in African Americans. Higher adult
educational status and adult skilled occupation were
protective against the metabolic syndrome, but no
associations were found between the metabolic syndrome and
other SES variables. Differences by gender were observed.
Improving access to education among African Americans could
reduce risk for the metabolic syndrome, but more research is
needed in minority populations.},
Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2006.087429},
Key = {fds277779}
}
@article{fds304189,
Author = {Lucove, JC and Kaufman, JS and James, SA},
Title = {Association between adult and childhood socioeconomic status
and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African
Americans: the Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {97},
Number = {2},
Pages = {234-236},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2006.087429},
Abstract = {We evaluated the association between socioeconomic status
(SES) during childhood and adulthood and prevalence of the
metabolic syndrome in African Americans. Higher adult
educational status and adult skilled occupation were
protective against the metabolic syndrome, but no
associations were found between the metabolic syndrome and
other SES variables. Differences by gender were observed.
Improving access to education among African Americans could
reduce risk for the metabolic syndrome, but more research is
needed in minority populations.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2006.087429},
Key = {fds304189}
}
@article{fds277778,
Author = {Haritatos, J and Mahalingam, R and James, SA},
Title = {John Henryism, self-reported physical health indicators, and
the mediating role of perceived stress among high
socio-economic status Asian immigrants.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {64},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1192-1203},
Year = {2007},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.037},
Abstract = {This study examined the relationship between John Henryism
(a strong behavioral predisposition to engage in high effort
coping with difficult barriers to success) and self-reported
physical health among high socio-economic (SES) status Asian
immigrants to the USA. Cross-sectional data were collected
from a community sample of 318 self-identified Chinese and
Indian immigrants aged 18-73, averaging 10.2 yr lived in the
US. In addition to the John Henryism Active Coping Scale,
health status was measured using ordinal ratings of global
self-rated health, somatic symptoms and physical health
functioning. We also evaluated whether perceived stress
would explain the relationship between John Henryism and
health. Controlling for demographic factors, regression
analyses showed that higher John Henryism significantly
predicted better self-rated health and physical functioning,
and fewer somatic symptoms. These relationships were
significantly and fully mediated (for physical functioning
and somatic symptoms) or partially mediated (for self-rated
health) by lower perceived stress. Results suggest that John
Henryism relates to better health among high SES Asian
immigrants in part by reducing perceived stress. To better
understand and improve health in all racial/ethnic groups,
especially racial minorities and immigrants, more research
is needed on John Henryism and perceived stress as important
psychosocial mechanisms intervening between environmental
exposures and health outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.037},
Key = {fds277778}
}
@article{fds277747,
Author = {Feathers, JT and Kieffer, EC and Palmisano, G and Anderson, M and Janz,
N and Spencer, MS and Guzman, R and James, SA},
Title = {The development, implementation, and process evaluation of
the REACH Detroit Partnership's Diabetes Lifestyle
Intervention.},
Journal = {The Diabetes educator},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {509-520},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0145-7217},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721707301371},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>The purpose of this article was to describe
the development, implementation, and process evaluation
findings of a culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle
intervention for African Americans and Latinos.<h4>Methods</h4>African
American and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes from 3
health care systems in Detroit, Michigan, participated in
diabetes lifestyle intervention of the Racial and Ethnic
Approaches to Community Health Detroit Partnership. The
intervention curricula were culturally and linguistically
tailored for each population. Trained community residents
delivered the curricula in 5 group meetings aimed at
improving dietary, physical activity, and diabetes self-care
behaviors of study participants. The aims of the process
evaluation were to assess participant satisfaction with the
intervention, utility, and applicability of information and
cultural relevance of intervention materials. Content
analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Matrices were
developed along thematic lines, and common themes were
determined by grouping responses by question.<h4>Results</h4>Ninety-eight
percent of participants attended 1 or more intervention
classes; 41% attended all 5 meetings. Attendance rates
ranged from 59% to 88% for individual meetings. Participants
reported that program information and activities were
useful, culturally relevant, and applicable to diabetes
self-management. Participants also appreciated the
convenient community location for meetings and the social
support received from other participants.<h4>Conclusions</h4>A
community-based, culturally tailored diabetes lifestyle
intervention delivered by trained community residents was
associated with high participant satisfaction and
retention.},
Doi = {10.1177/0145721707301371},
Key = {fds277747}
}
@article{fds277776,
Author = {Orr, ST and Blazer, DG and James, SA and Reiter, JP},
Title = {Depressive symptoms and indicators of maternal health status
during pregnancy.},
Journal = {J Womens Health (Larchmt)},
Volume = {16},
Number = {4},
Pages = {535-542},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1540-9996},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17521257},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Depressive symptoms are common among women,
especially those who are of childbearing age or are
pregnant. Prior studies have suggested that an increased
burden of depressive symptoms is associated with diminished
health and functional status, but these studies were
primarily of middle-aged and older adults. In the current
study, we investigated the relationship between depressive
symptoms and health and functional status among pregnant
women. METHODS: Women were enrolled in the study at their
first prenatal visit to hospital-based clinics and
administered an interview that contained the Center for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess
depressive symptoms and several questions to measure overall
health status, limitations in performing moderate
activities, and limitations in climbing stairs. RESULTS: The
sample included 1163 women. Women with higher levels of
depressive symptoms, using cutoff points on the CES-D of
either > or =16 (clinically significant) or > or =23 (major
depression), had approximately twice the risk of poorer
self-reported health and functional status than those with
lower scores after adjustment for age, marital status,
smoking, education, insurance, trimester, and race.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an increased burden
of depressive symptoms during pregnancy is associated with
diminished health status and may offer an explanation for
the reported association between depressive symptoms and
preterm birth.},
Doi = {10.1089/jwh.2006.0116},
Key = {fds277776}
}
@article{fds277728,
Author = {Feathers, JT and Kieffer, EC and Palmisano, G and Anderson, M and Janz,
N and Spencer, M and Guzman, R},
Title = {The development, implementation, and process evaluation of
the REACH Detroit Partnership's Diabetes Lifestyle
Intervention.},
Journal = {The Diabetes Educator},
Volume = {33},
Pages = {509-520},
Year = {2007},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds277728}
}
@article{fds317752,
Author = {Wolin, KY and Bennett, GG and James, SA},
Title = {RACIAL SEGREGATION AND OBESITY AMONG BLACKS},
Journal = {ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE},
Volume = {33},
Pages = {S30-S30},
Publisher = {SPRINGER},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds317752}
}
@article{fds277748,
Author = {Katz, RV and Green, BL and Kressin, NR and Kegeles, SS and Wang, MQ and James, SA and Russell, SL and Claudio, C and McCallum,
J},
Title = {The Legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Its impact on
Willingness to Participate in Biomedical
Studies},
Journal = {Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved},
Volume = {19},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1169-1181},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1049-2089},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0067},
Abstract = {The phrase, 'legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study', is
sometimes used to denote the belief that Blacks are more
reluctant than Whites to participate in biomedical research
studies because of the infamous study of syphilis in men run
by the U.S. Public Health Service from 1932-72. This paper
is the first to attempt to assess directly the accuracy of
this belief within a multi-city, multi-racial, large-scale,
detailed random survey. We administered the Tuskegee Legacy
Project (TLP) Questionnaire to 826 Blacks and non-Hispanic
White adults in three U.S. cities. While Blacks had higher
levels of general awareness of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study,
there was no association between either awareness or
detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and
willingness to participate in biomedical research, either
for Blacks or Whites observed in our survey. While this
study refutes the notion that there is a direct connection
between detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study
and willingness to participate in biomedical research, it
does not assess the broader question of whether and how
historical events influence people's willingness to
participate in research. Future studies should explore
this.},
Doi = {10.1353/hpu.0.0067},
Key = {fds277748}
}
@article{fds331466,
Author = {Orr, ST and James, SA and Reiter, J},
Title = {Unintended Pregnancy and Prenatal Behaviors Among Urban,
Black Women in Baltimore, MD},
Journal = {Annals of Epidemiology},
Volume = {18},
Number = {7},
Pages = {545-551},
Year = {2008},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.005},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>We explored associations between
intendedness of pregnancy with maternal prenatal behaviors,
including smoking, use of alcohol, use of illicit drugs, and
late initiation of prenatal care.<h4>Methods</h4>Pregnant
black women ages 18 years or older (N = 913) were enrolled
in the study at their first visit to prenatal clinics in
Baltimore, Maryland, at which time data were obtained from
the women about intendedness of pregnancy. Data on
behavioral risks were abstracted from clinical records.
Logistic regression was used to adjust analyses for maternal
demographic characteristics.<h4>Results</h4>Women with
unwanted pregnancies were significantly more likely than
women with wanted or mistimed pregnancies, or who were
unsure about intendedness, to smoke (odds ratio [OR], 2.0;
95% CI, 1.2-3.3), use alcohol (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3.9),
and use illicit drugs (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-2.9) during
pregnancy, and to initiate prenatal care in the third
trimester (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 3.5-9.4).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Unwanted
pregnancy is associated with prenatal behaviors that
increase the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. The
facilitation of wanted pregnancies and reduction of harmful
maternal behaviors may result in improved pregnancy outcomes
in the United States.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.005},
Key = {fds331466}
}
@article{fds277774,
Author = {Roberts, CB and Vines, AI and Kaufman, JS and James,
SA},
Title = {Cross-sectional association between perceived discrimination
and hypertension in African-American men and women: the Pitt
County Study.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {167},
Number = {5},
Pages = {624-632},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0002-9262},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm334},
Abstract = {Few studies have examined the impact of the frequency of
discrimination on hypertension risk. The authors assessed
the cross-sectional associations between frequency of
perceived racial and nonracial discrimination and
hypertension among 1,110 middle-aged African-American men (n
= 393) and women (n = 717) participating in the 2001
follow-up of the Pitt County Study (Pitt County, North
Carolina). Odds ratios were estimated using gender-specific
unconditional weighted logistic regression with adjustment
for relevant confounders and the frequency of
discrimination. More than half of the men (57%) and women
(55%) were hypertensive. The prevalences of perceived racial
discrimination, nonracial discrimination, and no
discrimination were 57%, 29%, and 13%, respectively, in men
and 42%, 43%, and 15%, respectively, in women. Women
recounting frequent nonracial discrimination versus those
reporting no exposure to discrimination had the highest odds
of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 2.34, 95% confidence
interval: 1.09, 5.02). A nonsignificant inverse odds ratio
was evident in men who perceived frequent exposure to racial
or nonracial discrimination in comparison with no exposure.
A similar association was observed for women reporting
perceived racial discrimination. These results indicate that
the type and frequency of discrimination perceived by
African-American men and women may differentially affect
their risk of hypertension.},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwm334},
Key = {fds277774}
}
@article{fds277773,
Author = {Katz, RV and Kegeles, SS and Kressin, NR and Green, BL and James, SA and Wang, MQ and Russell, SL and Claudio, C},
Title = {Awareness of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the US
presidential apology and their influence on minority
participation in biomedical research.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {98},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1137-1142},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2006.100131},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We compared the influence of awareness of
the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the presidential apology for
that study on the willingness of Blacks, non-Hispanic
Whites, and Hispanics to participate in biomedical
research.<h4>Methods</h4>The Tuskegee Legacy Project
Questionnaire was administered to 1133 adults in 4 US
cities. This 60-item questionnaire addressed issues related
to the recruitment of minorities into biomedical
studies.<h4>Results</h4>Adjusted multivariate analysis
showed that, compared with Whites, Blacks were nearly 4
times as likely to have heard of the Tuskegee Syphilis
Study, more than twice as likely to have correctly named
Clinton as the president who made the apology, and 2 to 3
times more likely to have been willing to participate in
biomedical studies despite having heard about the Tuskegee
Syphilis Study (odds ratio [OR]=2.9; 95% confidence interval
[CI]=1.4, 6.2) or the presidential apology (OR=2.3; 95%
CI=1.4, 3.9).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These marked differences
likely reflect the cultural reality in the Black community,
which has been accustomed to increased risks in many
activities. For Whites, this type of information may have
been more shocking and at odds with their expectations and,
thus, led to a stronger negative impact.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2006.100131},
Key = {fds277773}
}
@article{fds277771,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Epidemiologic research on health disparities: some thoughts
on history and current developments.},
Journal = {Epidemiologic reviews},
Volume = {31},
Pages = {1-6},
Year = {2009},
Month = {Winter},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19822533},
Abstract = {In this introduction to volume 31 of Epidemiologic Reviews,
the author traces the history of health disparities research
in epidemiology and situates the 10 review articles
comprising this edition within this history. With the aid of
a conceptual model describing the key determinants of health
disparities, he offers several suggestions for improving
future epidemiologic research on health disparities.},
Doi = {10.1093/epirev/mxp010},
Key = {fds277771}
}
@article{fds277772,
Author = {Katz, RV and Green, BL and Kressin, NR and James, SA and Wang, MQ and Claudio, C and Russell, SL},
Title = {Exploring the "legacy" of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: a
follow-up study from the Tuskegee Legacy
Project.},
Journal = {Journal of the National Medical Association},
Volume = {101},
Number = {2},
Pages = {179-183},
Year = {2009},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0027-9684},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30833-6},
Abstract = {The purpose of this follow-up 2003 3-City Tuskegee Legacy
Project (TLP) Study was to validate or refute our prior
findings from the 1999-2000 4 City TLP Study, which found no
evidence to support the widely acknowledged "legacy" of the
Tuskegee Syphilis Study (TSS), ie, that blacks are reluctant
to participate in biomedical studies due to their knowledge
of the TSS. The TLP Questionnaire was administered in this
random-digit-dial telephone survey to a stratified random
sample of 1162 black, white, and Puerto Rican Hispanic
adults in 3 different US cities. The findings from this
current 3-City TLP Study fail to support the widely
acknowledged "legacy" of the TSS, as awareness of the TSS
was not statistically associated with the willingness to
participate in biomedical studies. These findings, being in
complete agreement with our previous findings from our
1999-2000 4-City TLP, validate those prior
findings.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30833-6},
Key = {fds277772}
}
@article{fds317751,
Author = {Sims, M and Wyatt, SB and Bruce, MA and James, SA and Williams, DR and Robinson, JC and Taylor, HA},
Title = {The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and
Hypertension Status in the Jackson Heart
Study},
Journal = {CIRCULATION},
Volume = {119},
Number = {10},
Pages = {E281-E281},
Publisher = {LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds317751}
}
@article{fds340508,
Author = {Fowler Brown and A and Bennett, G and Goodman, M and Wee, C and Corbie
Smith, G and James, SA},
Title = {Psychosocial Stress and 13 year Changes in Body Mass Index
in Blacks: The Pitt County Study},
Journal = {Obesity},
Pages = {1-4},
Year = {2009},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds340508}
}
@article{fds277754,
Author = {Fowler-Brown, AG and Bennett, GG and Goodman, MS and Wee, CC and Corbie-Smith, GM and James, SA},
Title = {Psychosocial stress and 13-year BMI change among blacks: the
Pitt County Study.},
Journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
Volume = {17},
Number = {11},
Pages = {2106-2109},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1930-7381},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.130},
Abstract = {Adverse psychosocial exposures may partially drive the high
rates of obesity among blacks. The objective of this study
was to prospectively examine the relationship between
perceived psychosocial stress and percent change in BMI
among adult black men and women. We used data from 756 women
and 416 men who were participants in the Pitt County Study,
a community-based, prospective cohort study of blacks in
eastern North Carolina. Participants were aged 25-50 years
of age on entry into the study in 1988 and follow-up was
obtained in 2001. Using multivariable linear regression, we
calculated the adjusted mean percentage change in BMI over
the follow-up period for each tertile of baseline measures
of the Perceived Stress Scale (low, medium, and high),
adjusted for potential confounders. For black women, higher
levels of psychosocial stress at baseline predicted higher
adjusted percentage increase in BMI over the 13-year
follow-up: low stress 12.0% (95% CI 9.6-14.4), medium stress
16.3% (95% CI 13.7-18.9), and high stress 15.5% (95% CI
13.1-17.8). For black men, perceived stress was not
associated with percent BMI change. These data suggest that
interventions targeting obesity in black women should
consider the potential impact of emotional stress on weight
change.},
Doi = {10.1038/oby.2009.130},
Key = {fds277754}
}
@article{fds277765,
Author = {Miranda, ML and Swamy, GK and Edwards, S and Maxson, P and Gelfand, A and James, S},
Title = {Disparities in maternal hypertension and pregnancy outcomes:
evidence from North Carolina, 1994-2003.},
Journal = {Public Health Rep},
Volume = {125},
Number = {4},
Pages = {579-587},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0033-3549},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597458},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To better understand disparities in pregnancy
outcomes, we analyzed data from North Carolina to determine
how the pattern of maternal hypertensive disorders differs
among non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB),
and Hispanic women across the range of maternal ages. In
addition, we explored whether rates of poor birth outcomes,
including low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB),
among hypertensive women differed by race. METHODS: We
restricted our analyses to births occurring between 1994 and
2003, constructing six five-year maternal age categories:
15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39
years, and 40-44 years. We used logistic regression to
determine the relative contribution of race and age to
incidence of maternal hypertension. All analyses controlled
for the standard covariates of maternal education, marital
status, and tobacco use. To assess the impact of maternal
hypertension on birth outcomes, we limited the dataset to
women with any hypertensive disorder and used linear
regression to determine how particular race-age combinations
affected outcomes. We also used logistic regression to find
out how particular race-age combinations affected the
likelihood of LBW and PTB. RESULTS: The risk of hypertension
differed by race, with NHB women exhibiting the highest risk
and Hispanic women the lowest risk. Further, rates of
hypertension increased with age. Among hypertensive women,
pregnancy outcomes differed by race and age, with NHB women
having the poorest outcomes (i.e., LBW and PTB) and age
exhibiting a dose-response relationship in PTB and very PTB.
CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of maternal hypertension and
subsequent outcomes are important contributors to persistent
disparities in pregnancy outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1177/003335491012500413},
Key = {fds277765}
}
@article{fds277751,
Author = {Lopes, GB and Matos, CM and Leite, EB and Martins, MTS and Martins, MS and Silva, LF and Robinson, BM and Port, FK and James, SA and Lopes,
AA},
Title = {Depression as a potential explanation for gender differences
in health-related quality of life among patients on
maintenance hemodialysis.},
Journal = {Nephron. Clinical practice},
Volume = {115},
Number = {1},
Pages = {c35-c40},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1660-2110},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000286348},
Abstract = {<h4>Background/aims</h4>The reasons for lower health-related
quality of life (HRQOL) scores in women compared to men on
maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are unknown. We investigated
whether depression accounts for gender differences in
HRQOL.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional study of 868 (40.9%
women) Brazilian MHD patients (PROHEMO Study). We used the
Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form to assess HRQOL
and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression
(CES-D) scale (scores from 0-60) to assess depression with
scores >or=18 indicating high depression
probability.<h4>Results</h4>Higher depression scores were
associated with lower HRQOL in both sexes. Women had higher
depression scores; 51.8% of women versus 38.2% of men (p <
0.001) had CES-D scores >or=18. Women scored lower on all 9
assessed HRQOL scales. The female-to-male differences in
HRQOL were slightly reduced with inclusion of Kt/V and
comorbidities in regression models. Substantial additional
reductions in female-to-male differences in all HRQOL scales
were observed after including depression scores in the
models, by 50.9% for symptoms/problems related to renal
failure, by 71.6% for mental health and by 87.1% for
energy/vitality.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Lower HRQOL among women
was largely explained by depression symptoms. Results
support greater emphasis on treating depression to improve
HRQOL in MHD patients, particularly women.},
Doi = {10.1159/000286348},
Key = {fds277751}
}
@article{fds277769,
Author = {Maty, SC and James, SA and Kaplan, GA},
Title = {Association between childhood and adult socioeconomic
position and the 34-Year incidence (1965-1999) of type 2
diabetes mellitus by racial classification in the Alameda
County Study},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {100},
Number = {1},
Pages = {137-145},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.133892},
Abstract = {Objectives. We examined associations between several
life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) measures (childhood
SEP, education, income, occupation) and diabetes incidence
from 1965 to 1999 in a sample of 5422 diabetes-free Black
and White participants in the Alameda County Study. Methods.
Race-specific Cox proportional hazard models estimated
diabetes risk associated with each SEP measure. Demographic
compounders (age, gender, marital status) and potential
pathway components (physical inactivity, body composition,
smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, depression,
access to health care) were included as covariates. Results.
Diabetes incidence was twice as high for Blacks as for
Whites. Diabetes risk factors independently increased risk,
but effect sizes were greater among Whites. Low childhood
SEP elevated risk for both racial groups. Protective effects
were suggested for low education and blue-collar occupation
among Blacks, but these factors increased risk for Whites.
Income was protective for Whites but not Blacks. Covariate
adjustment had negligible effects on associations between
each SEP measure and diabetes incidence for both racial
groups. Conclusions. These findings suggest an important
role for life-course SEP measures in determining risk of
diabetes, regardless of race and after adjustment for
factors that may confound or mediate these
associations.},
Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2008.133892},
Key = {fds277769}
}
@article{fds304190,
Author = {Maty, SC and James, SA and Kaplan, GA},
Title = {Life-course socioeconomic position and incidence of diabetes
mellitus among blacks and whites: the Alameda County Study,
1965-1999.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {100},
Number = {1},
Pages = {137-145},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.133892},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We examined associations between several
life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) measures (childhood
SEP, education, income, occupation) and diabetes incidence
from 1965 to 1999 in a sample of 5422 diabetes-free Black
and White participants in the Alameda County
Study.<h4>Methods</h4>Race-specific Cox proportional hazard
models estimated diabetes risk associated with each SEP
measure. Demographic confounders (age, gender, marital
status) and potential pathway components (physical
inactivity, body composition, smoking, alcohol consumption,
hypertension, depression, access to health care) were
included as covariates.<h4>Results</h4>Diabetes incidence
was twice as high for Blacks as for Whites. Diabetes risk
factors independently increased risk, but effect sizes were
greater among Whites. Low childhood SEP elevated risk for
both racial groups. Protective effects were suggested for
low education and blue-collar occupation among Blacks, but
these factors increased risk for Whites. Income was
protective for Whites but not Blacks. Covariate adjustment
had negligible effects on associations between each SEP
measure and diabetes incidence for both racial
groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These findings suggest an
important role for life-course SEP measures in determining
risk of diabetes, regardless of race and after adjustment
for factors that may confound or mediate these
associations.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2008.133892},
Key = {fds304190}
}
@article{fds277768,
Author = {Stanton, MV and Jonassaint, CR and Williams, RB and Suarez, EC and James, SA},
Title = {Socioeconomic status moderates the association between John
Henryism and NEO PI-R personality domains.},
Journal = {Psychosom Med},
Volume = {72},
Number = {2},
Pages = {141-147},
Year = {2010},
Month = {Spring},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100884},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between John Henryism
(JH) and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (PI-R)
personality domains. JH-a strong behavioral predisposition
to engage in high-effort coping with difficult psychosocial
and economic stressors-has been associated with poor health,
particularly among persons in lower socioeconomic (SES)
groups. Unfavorable personality profiles have also been
frequently linked to poor health; however, no studies have
yet examined what global personality traits characterize JH.
METHODS: Hypotheses were examined, using data from a sample
of 233 community volunteers (mean age, 33 years; 61% black
and 39% white) recruited specifically to represent the full
range of the SES gradient. Personality (NEO PI-R) and active
coping (12-item JH scale) measures and covariates were
derived from baseline interviews. RESULTS: In a multiple
regression analysis, independent of SES, JH was positively
associated with Conscientiousness (C) (p < .001) and
Extraversion (E) (p < .001), whereas the combination of low
JH and high SES was associated with Neuroticism (N) (p =
.02) When examining associations between JH and combinations
of NEO PI-R domains called "styles," high JH was most
strongly associated with a high E/high C "Go-Getters" style
of activity, whereas low JH was associated with the low
E/high Openness (O) "Introspectors" style. In facet level
data, the most robust associations with JH were found for
five C and five E facets. CONCLUSIONS: High JH was
associated with higher scores on C and E, but the
combination of low JH and high SES was associated with
higher scores on N.},
Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181cdc00e},
Key = {fds277768}
}
@article{fds340507,
Author = {Krieger, N and Alegria, M and Almeida-Filho, N and da,
SJBEA},
Title = {Who, and what, causes health inequities? Reflections on
emerging debates from an},
Journal = {Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health},
Volume = {Published Online First: 27 June 2010 doi},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds340507}
}
@article{fds277753,
Author = {Roberts, CB and Couper, D and Chang, P and James, SA and Rosamond, W and Heiss, G},
Title = {Influence of Lifecourse Socioeconomic Position on Incident
Heart Failure Heart Failure in Blacks and Whites: The
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study},
Journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
Volume = {172},
Number = {6},
Pages = {717-727},
Year = {2010},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0002-9262},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq193},
Abstract = {The influence of early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) on
incident heart failure in blacks and whites is unknown. The
authors examined the relation between early-life SEP and
incident, hospitalized heart failure among middle-aged US
participants (2,503 black and 8,519 white) in the
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Early-life
SEP indicators assessed included parental education,
occupation, and home ownership. From 1987 to 2004, 221 and
537 incident heart failure events were identified in blacks
and whites, respectively. In Cox proportional hazards
regression, early-life SEP was inversely related to incident
heart failure after adjustment for age, gender, and study
center (for blacks, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 1.00, 1.95; for whites, HR = 1.32, 95% CI:
1.06, 1.64). Additional adjustment for young and
mid-to-older adulthood SEP and established heart failure
risk factors attenuated this association towards the null in
both blacks and whites. Of the SEP measures, mid-to-older
adulthood SEP showed the strongest association with incident
heart failure in both blacks (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.96)
and whites (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.75). SEP over the
life course is related to the risk of incident heart
failure, with SEP later in adulthood having a more prominent
role than earlier SEP.},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwq193},
Key = {fds277753}
}
@article{fds277752,
Author = {Krieger, N and Alegría, M and Almeida-Filho, N and Barbosa da Silva,
J and Barreto, ML and Beckfield, J and Berkman, L and Birn, A-E and Duncan,
BB and Franco, S and Garcia, DA and Gruskin, S and James, SA and Laurell,
AC and Schmidt, MI and Walters, KL},
Title = {Who, and what, causes health inequities? Reflections on
emerging debates from an exploratory Latin American/North
American workshop.},
Journal = {Journal of epidemiology and community health},
Volume = {64},
Number = {9},
Pages = {747-749},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0143-005X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.106906},
Doi = {10.1136/jech.2009.106906},
Key = {fds277752}
}
@article{fds277766,
Author = {Anthopolos, R and James, SA and Gelfand, AE and Miranda,
ML},
Title = {A Spatial Measure of Neighborhood Level Racial Isolation
Applied to Low Birthweight, Preterm Birth, and Birthweight
in North Carolina},
Journal = {Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology},
Volume = {2},
Number = {4},
Pages = {235-246},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22748223},
Abstract = {Research on racial residential segregation (RRS) and birth
outcomes has focused on RRS at a broad geographic scale, in
an aspatial framework, and in northern US cities. We
developed a spatial measure of neighborhood level racial
isolation of blacks. We examined the association between
this new measure and low birthweight, preterm birth, and
birthweight in the southern state of North Carolina.
Natality data were obtained from the North Carolina Detailed
Birth Record 1998-2002 files. Using multiple regression with
cluster corrected standard errors, infants born to black and
white mothers living in black isolated neighborhoods had, on
average, decreased birthweight, and increased odds of low
birthweight and preterm birth compared to their counterparts
in less isolated areas. White mothers in predominantly black
neighborhoods experienced greater increases in odds of each
poor birth outcome than did black mothers. Black isolation
may be proxying concentrated socioeconomic disadvantage,
including disamenities in the built environment.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.sste.2011.06.002},
Key = {fds277766}
}
@article{fds277760,
Author = {Abdulrahim, S and James, SA and Yamout, R and Baker,
W},
Title = {Discrimination and psychological distress: Does Whiteness
matter for Arab Americans?},
Journal = {SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE},
Volume = {75},
Number = {12},
Pages = {2116-2123},
Year = {2012},
Month = {Fall},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000312757800008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The white racial category in the U.S. encompasses persons
who have Arab ancestry. Arab Americans, however, have always
occupied a precarious position in relationship to Whiteness.
This study examined differences in reporting racial/ethnic
discrimination among Arab Americans. It also investigated
whether and how the association between discrimination and
psychological distress varies by characteristics that
capture an Arab American's proximity to/distance from
Whiteness. We used data from the Detroit Arab American Study
(2003; n = 1016), which includes measures of discrimination
and the Kessler-10 scale of psychological distress. A series
of logistic regression models were specified to test the
discrimination-psychological distress association,
stratified by five measures that capture
Whiteness--subjective racial identification, religion, skin
color, ethnic centrality, and residence in the ethnic
enclave. Discrimination was more frequently reported by
Muslim Arab Americans, those who racially identify as
non-white, and who live in the ethnic enclave. Conversely,
the association between discrimination and psychological
distress was stronger for Christian Arab Americans, those
who racially identify as white, who have dark skin color,
and who live outside the ethnic enclave. Even though Arab
Americans who occupy an identity location close to Whiteness
are less subjected to discrimination, they are more
negatively affected by it. The findings illuminate the
complex pathways through which discrimination associates
with psychological distress among 'white' immigrants.
Further research on discrimination and health among Arab
Americans can help unpack the white racial category and
deconstruct Whiteness.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.030},
Key = {fds277760}
}
@article{fds277764,
Author = {Sims, M and Diez-Roux, AV and Dudley, A and Gebreab, S and Wyatt, SB and Bruce, MA and James, SA and Robinson, JC and Williams, DR and Taylor,
HA},
Title = {Perceived discrimination and hypertension among African
Americans in the Jackson Heart Study},
Journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
Volume = {102},
Number = {SUPPL. 2},
Pages = {S258-S265},
Year = {2012},
Month = {Spring},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300523},
Abstract = {Objectives: Using Jackson Heart Study data, we examined
whether perceived discrimination was associated with
prevalent hypertension in African Americans. Methods.
Everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, burden of
discrimination, and stress from discrimination were examined
among 4939 participants aged 35 to 84 years (women = 3123;
men = 1816). We estimated prevalence ratios of hypertension
by discrimination, and adjusted for age, gender,
socioeconomic status, and risk factors. Results. The
prevalence of hypertension was 64.0% in women and 59.7% in
men. After adjustment for age, gender, and socioeconomic
status, lifetime discrimination and burden of discrimination
were associated with greater hypertension prevalence
(prevalence ratios for highest vs lowest quartile were 1.08
[95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02, 1.15] and 1.09 [95% CI
= 1.02,1.16] for lifetime discrimination and burden of
discrimination, respectively). Associations were slightly
weakened after adjustment for body mass index and behavioral
factors. No associations were observed for everyday
discrimination. Conclusions. Further understanding the role
of perceived discrimination in the etiology of hypertension
may be beneficial in eliminating hypertension
disparities.},
Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2011.300523},
Key = {fds277764}
}
@article{fds277762,
Author = {Orr, ST and Reiter, JP and James, SA and Orr, CA},
Title = {Maternal health prior to pregnancy and preterm birth among
urban, low income black women in Baltimore: the Baltimore
Preterm Birth Study.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {85-89},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1049-510X},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Black women have increased risk of
preterm birth compared to white women, and overall black
women are in poorer health than white women. Recent
recommendations to reduce preterm birth have focused on
preconception health care. We explore the associations
between indicators of maternal prepregnancy health with
preterm birth among a sample of black women.<h4>Design</h4>The
current study was prospective.<h4>Setting</h4>Enrollment
occurred in prenatal clinics in Baltimore.<h4>Participants</h4>Women
(N=922) aged > or =18 were enrolled in the study. Data on
maternal health, behaviors, and pregnancy outcome were
abstracted from clinical records.<h4>Main outcome
measure</h4>Logistic regression was used to evaluate
associations between behavioral and health status variables
with preterm birth.<h4>Results</h4>In bivariate analysis,
alcohol use, drug use and chronic diseases were associated
with preterm birth. In the logistic regression analysis,
drug use and chronic diseases were associated with preterm
birth.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These results demonstrate an
association between maternal health and behaviors prior to
pregnancy with preterm birth among black women. Providing
access to health care prior to pregnancy to address
behavioral and health risks may improve pregnancy outcomes
among low-income black women.},
Key = {fds277762}
}
@article{fds277767,
Author = {Swamy, GK and Edwards, S and Gelfand, A and James, SA and Miranda,
ML},
Title = {Maternal age, birth order, and race: differential effects on
birthweight.},
Journal = {J Epidemiol Community Health},
Volume = {66},
Number = {2},
Pages = {136-142},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081308},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies examining the influence of maternal age
and birth order on birthweight have not effectively
disentangled the relative contributions of each factor to
birthweight, especially as they may differ by race. METHODS:
A population-based, cross-sectional study of North Carolina
births from 1999 to 2003 was performed. Analysis was
restricted to 510 288 singleton births from 28 to 42
weeks' gestation with no congenital anomalies. Multivariable
linear regression was used to model maternal age and birth
order on birthweight, adjusting for infant sex, education,
marital status, tobacco use and race. RESULTS: Mean
birthweight was lower for non-Hispanic black individuals
(NHB, 3166 g) compared with non-Hispanic white individuals
(NHW, 3409 g) and Hispanic individuals (3348 g). Controlling
for covariates, birthweight increased with maternal age
until the early 30s. Race-specific modelling showed that the
upper extremes of maternal age had a significant depressive
effect on birthweight for NHW and NHB (35+ years, p<0.001),
but only age less than 25 years was a significant
contributor to lower birthweights for Hispanic individuals,
p<0.0001. Among all racial subgroups, birth order had a
greater influence on birthweight than maternal age, with the
largest incremental increase from first to second births.
Among NHB, birth order accounted for a smaller increment in
birthweight than for NHW and Hispanic women. CONCLUSION:
Birth order exerts a greater influence on birthweight than
maternal age, with signficantly different effects across
racial subgroups.},
Doi = {10.1136/jech.2009.088567},
Key = {fds277767}
}
@article{fds277761,
Author = {Orr, ST and Orr, CA and James, SA and Blazer, DG},
Title = {Life satisfaction and preterm birth among urban black women:
findings from the Baltimore preterm birth
study.},
Journal = {Ann Epidemiol},
Volume = {22},
Number = {11},
Pages = {759-763},
Year = {2012},
Month = {Fall},
ISSN = {1047-2797},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.09.002},
Abstract = {PURPOSE: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major problem in the
United States, and black women have greater risk of PTB than
white women. The etiology of PTB and the racial disparity in
preterm outcomes are poorly understood. Diminished life
satisfaction is associated with adult health, but there are
no studies of life satisfaction and PTB. In the research
reported in this article, the relationship between life
satisfaction and PTB among black women was studied. METHODS:
Women were enrolled in this prospective study at the time of
the first visit to 5 prenatal clinics in Baltimore. Life
satisfaction was assessed at the time of the first prenatal
visit. Data on PTB were obtained from medical records.
RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 922 women. Among
women who were somewhat or not at all satisfied with their
lives, 16% had preterm births, whereas among women who were
very satisfied with their lives, 10.7% had preterm births
(unadjusted odds ratio = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.4). The adjusted
odds ratio was 1.6 (95% CI 1.00-2.5). CONCLUSIONS: Women who
reported being somewhat or not at all satisfied with their
lives had a greater risk of PTB than women who reported
being very satisfied with their lives.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.09.002},
Key = {fds277761}
}
@article{fds277730,
Author = {Subramanyam, MA and James, SA and Diez-Roux, AV and Hickson, DA and Sarpong, D and Sims, M and Taylor, HAJ and Wyatt,
SB},
Title = {Socioeconomic status, John Henryism and blood pressure among
African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study},
Journal = {SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE},
Volume = {93},
Pages = {139-146},
Year = {2013},
Month = {Fall},
ISSN = {0277-9536},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000324608500017&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {John Henryism connotes a strong behavioral predisposition to
engage in effortful, active coping with difficult social and
economic stressors. This behavioral predisposition is
measured by the 12 item John Henryism Scale for Active
Coping (JHAC). The John Henry hypothesis predicts that the
well-known inverse socioeconomic status (SES)-blood pressure
association will be stronger among persons who score high
rather than low on the JHAC. We tested this hypothesis in a
large African American cohort using baseline data from the
Jackson Heart Study. Unlike previous studies, we used
multiple indicators of SES: income, education, occupation,
childhood SES and cumulative SES. Because the hypothesis is
most relevant for adults still in the labor force, we
excluded retired participants, yielding a sample size of
3978. Gender-specific Poisson regression models for
hypertension adjusting for age, John Henryism, SES, and a
John Henryism-SES interaction term, were fit to examine
associations. Separate models were fit for each SES
indicator. We found some evidence that John Henryism
modified the association between income and hypertension in
men: low income was associated with higher prevalence of
hypertension in men who scored high on John Henryism
(prevalence ratio (PR) for low vs. high income tertile
1.12), but with lower hypertension prevalence among men who
scored low on John Henryism (PR 0.85, one sided P value for
multiplicative interaction <0.05). For women, the
association of low income with higher hypertension
prevalence was stronger at lower than higher levels of John
Henryism (PR 1.27 and 1.06 at low and high levels of John
Henryism respectively, P value<0.05). There was no evidence
that John Henryism modified the associations of hypertension
with other SES indicators in men or women. The modest
support of the John Henryism Hypothesis in men only, adds to
the literature on this subject, but underscores questions
regarding the gender, spatial, socioeconomic and historical
contexts in which the hypothesis is valid.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.016},
Key = {fds277730}
}
@article{fds317750,
Author = {Barrington, DS and James, SA},
Title = {CHILDHOOD FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ADULT HYPERTENSION AMONG
AFRICAN AMERICANS: THE PITT COUNTY STUDY},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION},
Volume = {15},
Number = {7},
Pages = {519-520},
Publisher = {WILEY-BLACKWELL},
Year = {2013},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds317750}
}
@article{fds277729,
Author = {He, W and James, SA and Merli, MG and Zheng, H},
Title = {An increasing socioeconomic gap in childhood overweight and
obesity in China.},
Journal = {Am J Public Health},
Volume = {104},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e14-e22},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24228657},
Abstract = {We used a new conceptual framework that integrates tenets
from health economics, social epidemiology, and health
behavior to analyze the impact of socioeconomic forces on
the temporal changes in the socioeconomic status (SES) gap
in childhood overweight and obesity in China. In data from
the China Health and Nutrition Survey for 1991 to 2006, we
found increased prevalence of childhood overweight and
obesity across all SES groups, but a greater increase among
higher-SES children, especially after 1997, when income
inequality dramatically increased. Our findings suggest that
for China, the increasing SES gap in purchasing power for
obesogenic goods, associated with rising income inequality,
played a prominent role in the country's increasing SES gap
in childhood obesity and overweight.},
Doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2013.301669},
Key = {fds277729}
}
@article{fds226637,
Author = {Silva LF and Lopes GB and Cunha TO and Protásio BM and Pisoni RL and James
SA, Lopes AA},
Title = {Coping With Fluid Restriction and the QUality of Life in
Hemodialysis Patients with Low or No Urine
Output},
Journal = {The International Journal of Artificial Organs},
Year = {2014},
Month = {Spring},
Key = {fds226637}
}
@article{fds277715,
Author = {Silva, LF and Lopes, GB and Cunha, TO and Protásio, BM and Pisoni, RL and James, SA and Lopes, AA},
Title = {Coping with fluid restriction and the quality of life in
hemodialysis patients with very low or no daily urine
output.},
Journal = {The International journal of artificial organs},
Volume = {37},
Number = {6},
Pages = {427-435},
Year = {2014},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0391-3988},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000329},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>Fluid restriction is crucial to prevent
circulatory overload in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)
patients with very low urine volume, but fluid restriction
may result in psychological distress. We studied MHD
patients with urine volume ≤ 200 ml/day to investigate if
their acceptance of fluid restriction was associated with
their health-related quality of life (HRQOL).<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional
study of 271 Brazilian adult MHD patients enrolled in the
Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Chronic Hemodialysis
Patients (PROHEMO). To assess the acceptance of fluid
restriction, patients were asked about the extent of feeling
bothered by living on this restriction. The KDQOL was used
to determine HRQOL scores. Higher scores indicate better
HRQOL with differences of >3.0 points considered clinically
significant.<h4>Results</h4>52.4% reported being "moderately
to extremely" bothered by fluid restriction and had lower
scores for all HRQOL scales than patients less bothered by
fluid restriction. The largest covariate-adjusted
differences in HRQOL were 19.5 for emotional role (p<0.001),
15.1 for emotional well-being (p<0.001), and 14.1 for
vitality (p<0.001). Adjusted differences were larger for
mental component (7.53 points, p<0.001) than for physical
component (2.07, p = 0.075) summaries.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
results indicate that MHD patients with a lower level of
acceptance of fluid restriction have poorer HRQOL,
particularly in mental domains of HRQOL. The high prevalence
of poor acceptance of fluid restriction in the present study
underscores the need for interventions to improve acceptance
of fluid restriction and determine if such interventions
improve HRQOL of MHD patients with very low urine
volume.},
Doi = {10.5301/ijao.5000329},
Key = {fds277715}
}
@article{fds277725,
Author = {Gebreab, SY and AV, DR and Brenner, A and Hickson, D and James, SA and Sims, M and Subramanyam, M and Taylor, HA and Wyatt,
SB},
Title = {The impact of lifecourse socioeconomic position on
cardiovascular disease events in African Americans: the
Jackson Heart Study.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association.},
Volume = {4},
Number = {6},
Pages = {e001553-e001553},
Publisher = {Wiley},
Year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001553},
Abstract = {Few studies have examined the impact of lifecourse
socioeconomic position (SEP) on cardiovascular disease (CVD)
risk among African Americans.We used data from the Jackson
Heart Study (JHS) to examine the associations of multiple
measures of lifecourse SEP with CVD events in a large cohort
of African Americans. During a median of 7.2-year follow-up,
362 new or recurrent CVD events occurred in a sample of 5301
participants aged 21 to 94. Childhood SEP was assessed by
using mother's education, parental home ownership, and
childhood amenities. Adult SEP was assessed by using
education, income, wealth, and public assistance. Adult SEP
was more consistently associated with CVD risk in women than
in men: age-adjusted hazard ratios for low versus high
income (95% CIs), 2.46 (1.19 to 5.09) in women and 1.50
(0.87 to 2.58) in men, P for interaction=0.1244, and hazard
ratio for low versus high wealth, 2.14 (1.39 to 3.29) in
women and 1.06 (0.62 to 1.81) in men, P for
interaction=0.0224. After simultaneous adjustment for all
adult SEP measures, wealth remained a significant predictor
of CVD events in women (HR=1.73 [1.04, 2.85] for low versus
high). Education and public assistance were less
consistently associated with CVD. Adult SEP was a stronger
predictor of CVD events in younger than in older
participants (HR for high versus low summary adult SEP score
3.28 [1.43, 7.53] for participants ≤50 years, and 1.90
(1.36 to 2.66) for participants >50 years, P for interaction
0.0846). Childhood SEP was not associated with CVD risk in
women or men.Adult SEP is an important predictor of CVD
events in African American women and in younger African
Americans. Childhood SEP was not associated with CVD events
in this population.},
Doi = {10.1161/JAHA.114.001553},
Key = {fds277725}
}
@article{fds226457,
Author = {Chor D and Andreozzi V and Mendes da Fonseca M and Oliveira Cardoso
L and Faerstein E and Souza Lopes C and James SA},
Title = {Social inequalities in BMI Trajectories: 8 year follow-up of
the Pró-Saúde Study in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil},
Journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {doi:10.1017/S1368980015001032},
Key = {fds226457}
}
@article{fds333799,
Author = {Chor, D and Andreozzi, V and Mendes da Fonseca and M and Oliveira
Cardoso, L and Faerstein, E and Souza Lopes and C and James,
SA},
Title = {Social Inequalities in BMI Trajectories: 8 year Follow-up of
the Pro-Saude Study in Rio de Janiero, Brazil},
Journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
Volume = {7},
Pages = {1-9},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds333799}
}
@article{fds331302,
Author = {Logan, JG and Barksdale, DJ and James, SA and Chien,
LC},
Title = {John Henryism Actrive coping, Acculturation and
Psychological Health in Korean Immigrants},
Journal = {Journal of Transcultural Nursing},
Pages = {1-11},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds331302}
}
@article{fds277714,
Author = {Chor, D and Andreozzi, V and Fonseca, MJM and Cardoso, LO and James, SA and Lopes, CS and Faerstein, E},
Title = {Social inequalities in BMI trajectories: 8-year follow-up of
the Pró-Saúde study in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil},
Journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
Volume = {18},
Number = {17},
Pages = {3183-3191},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1368-9800},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001032},
Abstract = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec
id="S1368980015001032_abs1" sec-type="general"><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>In
a cohort of government employees in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
we investigated prospectively, sex-specific associations
between education and BMI trajectories and their potential
effect modification by race.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec
id="S1368980015001032_abs2" sec-type="general"><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>Of
the 4030 participants in Phase 1 (1999), 3253 (81 %)
participated in Phase 2 (2003) and 3058 (76 %) participated
in Phase 3 (2006). Education was categorized as elementary,
high school or college graduate. Study participants
self-identified as White, Black or<jats:italic>Pardo</jats:italic>.
BMI was calculated from measured weight and height. BMI
trajectories were modelled using a generalized additive
regression model with mixed effects (GAMM).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec
id="S1368980015001032_abs3" sec-type="general"><jats:title>Setting</jats:title><jats:p>The
Pro-Saúde Study, a longitudinal investigation of social
determinants of health.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec
id="S1368980015001032_abs4" sec-type="subjects"><jats:title>Subjects</jats:title><jats:p>Women
(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>1441) and men
(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>1127) who participated in the
three phases of data collection and had complete information
for all study variables.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec
id="S1368980015001032_abs5" sec-type="results"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Women
and men with less than high school, or only a high school
education, gained approximately 1 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>more
than college graduates (women: 1·06 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><0·001)
and 1·06 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><0·001),
respectively; men: 1·04 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>(<jats:italic>P=</jats:italic>0·013)
and 1·01 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=0·277),
respectively). For women only, race was independently
associated with weight gain. Women identifying
as<jats:italic>Pardo</jats:italic>or Black gained 1·03
kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=0·01)
and 1·02 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>(<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>=0·10),
respectively, more than Whites. No effect modification by
race was observed for either men or women.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec
id="S1368980015001032_abs6" sec-type="conclusions"><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>While
both lower education and darker race were associated with
greater weight gain, gender similarities and differences
were observed in these associations. The relationship
between weight gain and different indicators of social
status are therefore complex and require careful
consideration when addressing the obesity
epidemic.</jats:p></jats:sec>},
Doi = {10.1017/s1368980015001032},
Key = {fds277714}
}
@article{fds277726,
Author = {Chor, D and Andreozzi, V and Fonseca, MJM and Cardoso, LO and James, SA and Lopes, CS and Faerstein, E},
Title = {Social inequalities in BMI trajectories: 8-year follow-up of
the Pró-Saúde study in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.},
Journal = {Public health nutrition},
Volume = {18},
Number = {17},
Pages = {3183-3191},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001032},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>In a cohort of government employees in Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil, we investigated prospectively,
sex-specific associations between education and BMI
trajectories and their potential effect modification by
race.<h4>Design</h4>Of the 4030 participants in Phase 1
(1999), 3253 (81 %) participated in Phase 2 (2003) and 3058
(76 %) participated in Phase 3 (2006). Education was
categorized as elementary, high school or college graduate.
Study participants self-identified as White, Black or Pardo.
BMI was calculated from measured weight and height. BMI
trajectories were modelled using a generalized additive
regression model with mixed effects (GAMM).<h4>Setting</h4>The
Pro-Saúde Study, a longitudinal investigation of social
determinants of health.<h4>Subjects</h4>Women (n 1441) and
men (n 1127) who participated in the three phases of data
collection and had complete information for all study
variables.<h4>Results</h4>Women and men with less than high
school, or only a high school education, gained
approximately 1 kg/m(2) more than college graduates (women:
1·06 kg/m(2) (P<0·001) and 1·06 kg/m(2) (P<0·001),
respectively; men: 1·04 kg/m(2) (P=0·013) and 1·01
kg/m(2) (P=0·277), respectively). For women only, race was
independently associated with weight gain. Women identifying
as Pardo or Black gained 1·03 kg/m(2) (P=0·01) and 1·02
kg/m(2) (P=0·10), respectively, more than Whites. No effect
modification by race was observed for either men or
women.<h4>Conclusions</h4>While both lower education and
darker race were associated with greater weight gain, gender
similarities and differences were observed in these
associations. The relationship between weight gain and
different indicators of social status are therefore complex
and require careful consideration when addressing the
obesity epidemic.},
Doi = {10.1017/s1368980015001032},
Key = {fds277726}
}
@article{fds335178,
Author = {Geronimus, AT and James, SA and Destin, M and Graham, LF and Hatzenbuehler, ML and Murphy, MC and Pearson, JA},
Title = {Jedi Public Health: Co-creating an Identity Safe Culture to
Promote Health Equity},
Journal = {Soci Science and Medicine - Population Health},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {105-116},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds335178}
}
@article{fds317749,
Author = {Geronimus, AT and James, SA and Destin, M and Graham, LF and Hatzenbuehler, ML and Murphy, MC and Pearson, JA and Omari, A and Thompson, JP},
Title = {Jedi public health: Co-creating an identity-safe culture to
promote health equity},
Journal = {SSM - Population Health},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {105-116},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.008},
Abstract = {The extent to which socially-assigned and culturally
mediated social identity affects health depends on
contingencies of social identity that vary across and within
populations in day-to-day life. These contingencies are
structurally rooted and health damaging inasmuch as they
activate physiological stress responses. They also have
adverse effects on cognition and emotion, undermining
self-confidence and diminishing academic performance. This
impact reduces opportunities for social mobility, while
ensuring those who "beat the odds" pay a physical price for
their positive efforts. Recent applications of social
identity theory toward closing racial, ethnic, and gender
academic achievement gaps through changing features of
educational settings, rather than individual students, have
proved fruitful. We sought to integrate this evidence with
growing social epidemiological evidence that
structurally-rooted biopsychosocial processes have
population health effects. We explicate an emergent
framework, Jedi Public Health (JPH). JPH focuses on changing
features of settings in everyday life, rather than
individuals, to promote population health equity, a high
priority, yet, elusive national public health objective. We
call for an expansion and, in some ways, a re-orienting of
efforts to eliminate population health inequity. Policies
and interventions to remove and replace discrediting cues in
everyday settings hold promise for disrupting the repeated
physiological stress process activation that fuels
population health inequities with potentially wide
application.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.008},
Key = {fds317749}
}
@article{fds327543,
Author = {Mujahid, MS and James, SA and Kaplan, GA and Salonen,
JT},
Title = {Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of
acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men.},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {173},
Pages = {54-62},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.034},
Abstract = {Previous cross-sectional studies examining whether John
Henryism (JH), or high-effort coping with socioeconomic
adversity, potentiates the inverse association between
socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular health have
focused mainly on hypertension in African Americans. We
conducted the first longitudinal test of this hypothesis on
incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using data from
the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in
Finland (N = 1405 men, 42-60 years). We hypothesized that
the expected inverse gradient between SEP and AMI risk would
be stronger for men scoring high on JH than for those
scoring low. John Henryism was measured by a Finnish version
of the JH Scale for Active Coping. Four different measures
of SEP were used: childhood SEP, education, income, and
occupation. AMI hazard ratios (HR) by SEP and JH were
estimated using COX proportional hazard models, before and
after adjustment for study covariates. 205 cases of AMI
occurred over a median of 14.9 years. Men employed in lower
rank (farmer, blue-collar) occupations who scored high on JH
had significantly higher age-adjusted risks of AMI than men
in higher rank (white-collar) occupations (HR = 3.14, 95%
CI: 1.65-5.98 for blue collar; HR = 2.33, 95% CI:
1.04-5.22 for farmers) who also scored high on JH. No
socioeconomic differences in AMI were observed for men who
scored low on JH (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.74-2.47 for blue
collar; HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.59-1.48 for farmers;
p = 0.002 for the SEP × JH interaction). These findings
persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral,
and biological factors. Results for other SEP measures were
in the same direction, but did not reach statistical
significance. Repetitive high-effort coping with adversity
(John Henryism) was independently associated with increased
risk for AMI in Finnish men, underscoring the potential
relevance of the John Henryism hypothesis to CVD outcomes
other than hypertension and to populations other than
African Americans.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.034},
Key = {fds327543}
}
@article{fds327542,
Author = {Barrington, DS and James, SA},
Title = {Receipt of public assistance during childhood and
hypertension risk in adulthood.},
Journal = {Annals of epidemiology},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {108-114.e2},
Year = {2017},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.11.012},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>We examined if receipt of public assistance
during childhood lowered risk for hypertension by mid-life
in a cohort of African Americans in the Southeastern United
States.<h4>Methods</h4>We used multiple logistic regression
models to assess the relationship between receipt of public
assistance during childhood and adult hypertension among 405
male and 737 female adult participants enrolled between 1988
and 2001 in the Pitt County Study, a community-based
prospective cohort study of African Americans in North
Carolina. Statistical analyses were adjusted for child and
adult sociodemographic measures as well as adult
psychosocial and lifestyle factors.<h4>Results</h4>Women who
grew up in economically disadvantaged families and who
received public assistance during childhood had a 66%
decreased odds of hypertension by mid-life compared with
women similarly disadvantaged in childhood but who did not
receive public assistance, odds ratio = 0.34; 95%
confidence interval: 0.14-0.83. No association was observed
for African American men.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Receipt of
anti-poverty federal assistance during childhood was
associated with reduced risk for hypertension by mid-life
among African American women. It is possible that social
expenditures on public assistance programs for families in
need could produce long-term health benefits for
children.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.11.012},
Key = {fds327542}
}
@article{fds303104,
Author = {Logan, K and Chien, LC and James, SA and Barksdale,
DJ},
Title = {John Henryism Active Coping, Acculturation, and
Psychological Health in Korean Immigrants},
Journal = {Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 2015, in
press},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {168-178},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications (UK and US)},
Year = {2017},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1552-7832},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659615615402},
Abstract = {This study aimed to explore the levels of John Henryism (JH)
active coping and its association with acculturation status
and psychological health (specifically perceived stress,
acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression) in Korean
immigrants to the United States. In 102 Korean immigrants,
JH active coping was measured by the JH Scale; acculturation
by the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale; perceived stress
by the Perceived Stress Scale; acculturative stress by the
Social, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental Scale;
anxiety by the State Anxiety Subscale of the Spielberger
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; and depression by the Center
for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The levels of
JH active coping in this sample of Korean immigrants appear
to be lower than the levels reported in other racial groups.
Independent of demographic factors, JH active coping was a
significant predictor of higher acculturation status and
better psychological health as indicated by lower levels of
perceived stress, acculturative stress, anxiety, and
depressive symptoms.},
Doi = {10.1177/1043659615615402},
Key = {fds303104}
}
@article{fds331301,
Author = {Jackson, FM and James, SA and Owens, TC and Bryan,
AF},
Title = {Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and Depressive
Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A Brief
Report.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {94},
Number = {2},
Pages = {259-265},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-017-0136-3},
Abstract = {The widely publicized violent encounters between police and
African American youth have unknown consequences for the
emotional and mental health of pregnant African American
women. Since studies document the hypervigilance black
mothers exert to protect children from violence and racism
and findings also reveal the association between racial and
gendered stress (which includes parenting stressors) and
depressive symptoms during pregnancy, an examination of the
effects of stress from anticipated negative experiences
between black youth and police on maternal mental health is
warranted. Between July and August 2014, 100 mostly low
income pregnant African American women who lived in
metropolitan Atlanta and were in their first and second
trimesters completed the Edinburgh postnatal depression
scale, selected items from the Jackson, Hogue, Phillips
contextualized stress measure, and a demographic form.
Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in
response to questions that asked: (1) is the anticipation of
negative encounters between black youth and police
associated with antenatal depressive symptoms and (2) how
does the presence of prior children, male or female,
contribute to the association? For question 1, the results
showed that anticipated negative African American
youth-police experiences were significantly associated with
antenatal depressive symptoms χ <sup>2</sup> (2,
N = 87) = 12.62, p = .002. For question 2, the
presence of a preschool-aged male child in the home was
significantly associated with antenatal depression
(p = .009, odds ratio = 13.23). The observed
associations between antenatal depressive symptoms and
anticipated negative police-youth encounters have
implications for clinical- and community-based interventions
responding to the unique psychosocial risks for pregnant
African American women.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-017-0136-3},
Key = {fds331301}
}
@article{fds327544,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {The strangest of all encounters: racial and ethnic
discrimination in US health care.},
Journal = {Cadernos de saude publica},
Volume = {33Suppl 1},
Number = {Suppl 1},
Pages = {e00104416},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00104416},
Abstract = {In 2003, a Committee of the Institute of Medicine of the
National Academy of Sciences summarized hundreds of studies
documenting that US racial minorities, especially African
Americans, receive poorer quality health care for a wide
variety of conditions than their White counterparts. These
racial differences in health care persist after controlling
for sociodemographic factors and patients' ability to pay
for care. The Committee concluded that physicians'
unconscious negative stereotypes of African Americans, and
perhaps other people of color, likely contribute to these
health care disparities. This paper selectively reviews
studies published after 2003 on the likely contribution of
physicians' unconscious bias to US health care disparities.
All studies used the Implicit Association Test which
quantifies the relative speed with which individuals
associate positive attributes like "intelligent" with Whites
compared to Blacks or Latino/as. In addition to assessing
physicians' unconscious attitudes toward patients, some
studies focused on the behavioral and affective dimensions
of doctor-patient communication, such as physicians' "verbal
dominance" and whether patients felt respected. Studies
reviewed found a "pro-white" unconscious bias in physicians'
attitudes toward and interactions with patients, though some
evidence suggests that Black and female physicians may be
less prone to such bias. Limited social contact between
White physicians and racial/ethnic minorities outside of
medical settings, plus severe time pressures physicians
often face during encounters with patients who have complex
health problems could heighten their susceptibility to
unconscious bias.},
Doi = {10.1590/0102-311x00104416},
Key = {fds327544}
}
@article{fds331923,
Author = {Jackson, FM and James, SA and Owens, TC and Bryan,
AF},
Title = {Erratum to: Anticipated Negative Police-Youth Encounters and
Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant African American Women: A
Brief Report.},
Journal = {Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy
of Medicine},
Volume = {94},
Number = {3},
Pages = {457},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-017-0153-2},
Doi = {10.1007/s11524-017-0153-2},
Key = {fds331923}
}
@article{fds327541,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Invited Commentary: Cassel's "The Contribution of the Social
Environment to Host Resistance"-A Modern
Classic.},
Journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
Volume = {185},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1032-1034},
Year = {2017},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx070},
Abstract = {John Cassel's 1976 paper "The Contribution of the Social
Environment to Host Resistance" (Am J Epidemiol.
1976;104(2):107-123) is widely regarded as a classic in
epidemiology. He makes the compelling argument that the
quality of a person's social relationships, that is, the
degree to which her relationships are more stressful than
supportive (or vice versa) influences her susceptibility to
disease independent of genetic endowment, diet, physical
activity, etc. Cassel's provocative thesis was anchored in a
cogent synthesis of findings from animal experiments and
observational studies on diverse human populations.
Beginning in the late 1970s, the paper stimulated an
explosion of epidemiologic research on social support and
human health. Beyond advancing epidemiologic theory, Cassel
showed how findings from various epidemiologic study designs
could be marshalled to build a persuasive causal argument
that impaired social bonds increase the risk of premature
disease and death. The paper also foreshadowed core ideas of
later theoretical constructs, such as weathering and
allostatic load, regarding the power of chronic
environmental stressors to accelerate biological aging
across multiple organ systems. Cassel's assessment of the
research and practice implications of his conclusions has
remarkable contemporary resonance for the field of
epidemiology.},
Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwx070},
Key = {fds327541}
}
@article{fds331298,
Author = {Kramer, MR and Black, NC and Matthews, SA and James,
SA},
Title = {The Legacy of Slavery and Contemporary Declines in Heart
Disease Mortality in the US South},
Journal = {Social Science and Medicine - Population
Health},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds331298}
}
@article{fds365469,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {John Henryism, Gender, and Self-reported Health among
Roma/Gypsies in Serbia;},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds365469}
}
@article{fds365470,
Author = {Cvorovic, J and James, SA},
Title = {John Henryism, Gender and Self-Reported among Roma/Gypsies
in Serbia},
Journal = {Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry},
Publisher = {Springer Verlag},
Year = {2017},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds365470}
}
@article{fds328574,
Author = {Kramer, MR and Black, NC and Matthew, SA and James,
SA},
Title = {The Legacy of Slavery and Contemporary Declines in Heart
Disease Mortality in the US South},
Journal = {SSM - Population Health},
Volume = {3},
Pages = {609-617},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.07.004},
Abstract = {Background: This study aims to characterize the role of
county-specific legacy of slavery in patterning temporal
(i.e., 1968-2014), and geographic (i.e., Southern counties)
declines in heart disease mortality. In this context, the
U.S. has witnessed dramatic declines in heart disease
mortality since the 1960’s, which have benefitted place
and race groups unevenly, with slower declines in the South,
especially for the Black population. Methods: Age-adjusted
race- and county-specific mortality rates from 1968-2014 for
all diseases of the heart were calculated for all Southern
U.S. counties. Candidate confounding and mediating
covariates from 1860, 1930, and 1970, were combined with
mortality data in multivariable regression models to
estimate the ecological association between the
concentration of slavery in1860 and declines in heart
disease mortality from 1968-2014. Results: Black
populations, in counties with a history of highest versus
lowest concentration of slavery, experienced a 17% slower
decline in heart disease mortality. The association for
Black populations varied by region (stronger in Deep South
than Upper South states) and was partially explained by
intervening socioeconomic factors. In models accounting for
spatial autocorrelation, there was no association between
slave concentration and heart disease mortality decline for
Whites. Conclusions: Nearly 50 years of declining heart
disease mortality is a major public health success, but one
marked by uneven progress by place and race. At the county
level, progress in heart disease mortality reduction among
Blacks is associated with place-based historical legacy of
slavery. Effective and equitable public health prevention
efforts should consider the historical context of place and
the social and economic institutions that may play a role in
facilitating or impeding diffusion of prevention efforts
thereby producing heart healthy places and
populations.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.07.004},
Key = {fds328574}
}
@article{fds365468,
Author = {Lopes, G and James, S and Lopes, M and Penalva, C and Joau e Silva and C and Matos, C and Martins, M and Pisoni, R and Lopes, A},
Title = {John Henryism and perceived health among hemodialysis
patients in a multiracial Brazilian population: The PROHEMO
Study},
Journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {539-548},
Publisher = {International Society on Hypertension in Blacks;
1999},
Year = {2018},
Key = {fds365468}
}
@article{fds339614,
Author = {Lopes, GB and James, SA and Lopes, MB and Penalva, CC and Silva, CTJE and Matos, CM and Martins, MTS and Lopes, AA},
Title = {John Henryism and Perceived Health among Hemodialysis
Patients in a Multiracial Brazilian Population: the
PROHEMO.},
Journal = {Ethnicity & disease},
Volume = {28},
Number = {4},
Pages = {539-548},
Publisher = {International Society on Hypertension in Blacks;
1999},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.4.539},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose</h4>John Henryism (JH) is a strong behavioral
predisposition to engage in high-effort coping with
difficult socioenvironmental stressors. We investigated
associations between JH and perceived general health (GH)
among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients in a
multiracial Brazilian population.<h4>Design</h4>The 12-item
John Henryism Acting Coping (JHAC) Scale was completed by
525 patients enrolled in The Prospective Study of the
Prognosis of Hemodialysis Patients (PROHEMO) in Salvador
(Bahia) Brazil. JH scores could range from 12 to 60. The low
and high JH groups were determined by a median split (<52 vs
≥52). The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to
determine GH score (range 0-100; higher means better
health). Linear regression with extensive adjustments was
used to test associations.<h4>Results</h4>Mean age was
48.3±13.7 years; 38.7% were female; 11.4% were White, 29.1%
were Black and 59.4% were mixed race. JH was positively
associated with higher GH in the whole sample (adjusted
difference [AdjDif]=7.14, 95% CI= 2.98, 11.3) and similarly
in men and women. A strong positive association between JH
and GH was observed in non-Whites but not in Whites; (AdjDif
in Blacks =16.4, 95% CI=8.37, 24.4). Also, a strong positive
association between JH and GH was observed for patients aged
<60 years (AdjDif =9.04, 95% CI = 4.46, 13.6) but not for
older patients.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The results indicate that
MHD patients engaged in high-effort coping with
socioenvironmental stressors as demonstrated by high JH tend
to feel more positively about their overall health. This
seems to be especially the case for non-White and younger
patients.},
Doi = {10.18865/ed.28.4.539},
Key = {fds339614}
}
@article{fds331300,
Author = {Barber, S and Diez Roux and AV and Cardoso, L and Santos, S and Toste, V and James, S and Barreto, S and Schmidt, M and Giatti, L and Chor,
D},
Title = {At the intersection of place, race, and health in Brazil:
Residential segregation and cardio-metabolic risk factors in
the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health
(ELSA-Brasil).},
Journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
Volume = {199},
Pages = {67-76},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.047},
Abstract = {Residential segregation is the spatial manifestation of
entrenched socioeconomic and racial inequities and is
considered a fundamental cause of racial inequalities in
health. Despite the well-documented racialized spatial
inequalities that exist in urban areas throughout Brazil,
few empirical investigations have examined the link between
residential segregation and health and considered its
implications for racial health inequalities in this setting.
In the present study, we used data from the Brazilian
Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (2008-2010) to examine
the association between economic residential segregation and
two major cardio-metabolic risk factors-hypertension and
diabetes. We also examined whether associations were
stronger for historically marginalized racial groups in
Brazil. Residential segregation was calculated for
study-defined neighborhoods using the Getis-Ord Local
G<sub>i</sub>* statistic and was based on household income
data from the 2010 IBGE demographic census. Multivariable
logistic regression models were used to examine
associations. In our sample, Blacks and Browns were more
likely to live in economically segregated neighborhoods.
After taking into account income, education, and other
demographic characteristics we found that individuals living
in the most economically segregated neighborhoods were 26%
more likely to have hypertension and 50% more likely to have
diabetes than individuals living in more affluent areas.
Although Blacks and Browns living in highly segregated
neighborhoods had higher prevalence of hypertension and
diabetes compared to Whites, we observed no statistically
significant racial differences in the associations with
residential segregation. Our findings suggest that
residential segregation may be an important structural
determinant of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Brazil.
Moreover, the systematic and disproportionate exposure of
Blacks and Browns to highly segregated neighborhoods may
implicate these settings as potential drivers of racial
inequalities in cardio-metabolic risk factors in urban
settings in Brazil.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.047},
Key = {fds331300}
}
@article{fds329777,
Author = {Čvorović, J and James, SA},
Title = {John Henryism, Gender and Self-reported Health Among
Roma/Gypsies in Serbia.},
Journal = {Culture, medicine and psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {2},
Pages = {295-314},
Year = {2018},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-017-9561-8},
Abstract = {We describe how self-reported health (SRH) varies with
gender and John Henryism (a strong behavioral predisposition
to engage in high-effort coping to overcome adversity) in a
low income sample of Serbian Roma. Data were collected in
2016 in several Roma settlements around Belgrade, Serbia.
The sample consisted of 90 men and 112 women. In addition to
John Henryism (JH), measured by a Serbian version of the
John Henryism Scale, demographic data and data on SRH and
family relationships dynamics were collected. SRH was
positively correlated with age and JH, and negatively
correlated with a history of chronic disease. Roma males and
females differed significantly on JH and a number of other
variables. For Roma women, multiple regression analyses
revealed that a history of chronic disease, unemployment,
age and daily stress level were negatively associated with
SRH, while JH, SES and harmonious relationships with one's
family/children were positively associated with SRH. For
Roma men, there was no association between JH and SRH, but
older age, being on welfare, a diagnosis of hypertension and
extended family disputes were associated with poorer SRH.
Hence, despite economic disadvantage and social exclusion
from mainstream society, some Roma report good health and
the ability to cope actively with economic disadvantage and
social exclusion. This study adds to the literature on the
cross-cultural relevance of JH theory for understanding
health variations within socially and economically
marginalized populations.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11013-017-9561-8},
Key = {fds329777}
}
@article{fds346932,
Author = {Johnson-Lawrence, V and Scott, JB and James, SA},
Title = {Education, perceived discrimination and risk for depression
in a southern black cohort.},
Journal = {Aging & mental health},
Volume = {24},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1872-1878},
Year = {2020},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1647131},
Abstract = {<b>Objectives:</b> Assess whether education moderates
associations between discrimination and depression risk
within a southern Black/African American cohort in a labor
market shifting from manufacturing and farming to
education-intensive industries, such as health care and
technology.<b>Methods:</b> Data are from the Pitt County
(NC) Study (<i>n</i> = 1154) collected in 2001.
Depression risk was assessed with the Center for
Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) scale. Discrimination
was measured using a subset from the Everyday Discrimination
Scale. Education was categorized as completion of less than
high school (HS), HS/GED (General Educational Development),
or any college.<b>Results:</b> Completing any college
mitigated the association between discrimination and CES-D
among men (<i>b</i> = -1.33, 95<b>%</b> CI = -2.56, -0.09)
but not women (<i>b</i> = -0.19, 95% CI = -1.36,
0.98).<b>Conclusions:</b> Education is protective for
depression risk related to discrimination for men but not
women. Recent macroeconomic changes placed a premium on
higher levels of education in 2018, as in the 1990s. Because
racial discrimination remains a stressor in the everyday
lives of African Americans regardless of education level,
the health benefits of higher education for working-aged
African Americans in shifting labor markets warrants further
investigation.},
Doi = {10.1080/13607863.2019.1647131},
Key = {fds346932}
}
@article{fds303106,
Author = {Barrington, DS and James, SA and Williams, DR},
Title = {Socioeconomic Correlates of Obesity in African-American and
Caribbean-Black Men and Women.},
Journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Pages = {422-432},
Year = {2021},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00798-4},
Abstract = {The high prevalence of obesity among Black Americans
warrants additional investigation into its relationship with
socioeconomic position (SEP), sex, and ethnicity. This
cross-sectional study utilizes 2001-2003 data from the
National Survey of American Life, a nationally
representative sample of 3570 African-Americans and 1621
Caribbean-Blacks aged 18 years and older. Multivariate
logistic regression models stratified by ethnicity and sex
describe the independent associations between obesity and
multilevel socioeconomic factors after adjustment for age,
other SEP measures at the individual, family and
neighborhood levels, and health behaviors such as physical
activity, alcohol intake, and smoking. A positive
relationship was observed between obesity and family income
among African-American and Caribbean-Black men. Receipt of
public assistance was a strongly associated factor for
obesity in Caribbean-Black men and women. Among
African-American women, inverse relationships were observed
between obesity and education, occupation, and family
income; residence within a neighborhood with a supermarket
also decreased their odds of obesity. Residence in a
neighborhood with a park decreased the odds of obesity only
among African-American men, whereas residence in a
neighborhood with a supermarket decreased the odds of
obesity among Caribbean-Black men. The social patterning of
obesity by individual, household, and neighborhood
socioeconomic resources differs for African-American and
Caribbean-Black men and women within these cross-sectional
analyses; an appreciation of these differences may be a
prerequisite for developing effective weight control
interventions and policies for these two
populations.},
Doi = {10.1007/s40615-020-00798-4},
Key = {fds303106}
}
@article{fds365467,
Author = {Silberberg, M and Muhlbaier, LH and Hart-Brothers, E and Small, GM and Bunce, AE and Patel, R and Robinson, S and James,
SA},
Title = {Melding Multiple Sources of Knowledge: Using Theory and
Experiential Knowledge to Design a Community Health
Intervention Study},
Journal = {Journal of Participatory Research Methods},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Publisher = {University of Cincinnati - Office of Innovation and
Community Engagement},
Year = {2021},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.35844/001c.29013},
Abstract = {<jats:p>Although Community-Based Participatory Research
(CBPR) is grounded in socioecological theories of health,
using and addressing theory in CBPR can be challenging. This
paper explores how theory was used and melded with community
expertise in one CBPR study in Durham, North Carolina.
Challenges to use of theory included time restrictions, the
need to focus on meeting local needs and making short-term
measurable gains, and differences among collaborators in
comfort with and concern for theoretical discussion. Both
community and theoretical voices were sometimes
short-changed – particularly voices that were more
difficult to access or integrate into existing ways of
operating. Nonetheless, we were able to bring theory into
our work at a number of stages and to meld theory with
community expertise in ways that benefited our project. Our
case study suggests the importance of creating opportunities
for small group discussion; utilizing an iterative dialogic
approach to melding theory and community expertise;
grounding theoretical discussions in specific, concrete
questions; taking the long view of CBPR, including
purposefully bringing attention to theory even while
responding to pragmatic concerns; and spending more time on
building the capacity to collaborate of both academic and
community partners. It also raises the need for funders to
consider how to align their expectations of grantees with
effective attention to root causes of poor health and health
disparities.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.35844/001c.29013},
Key = {fds365467}
}
@article{fds354533,
Author = {Silberberg, M and Muhlbaier, LH and Hart-Brothers, E and Weaver, SM and James, SA and King, SB},
Title = {The Role of Socioeconomic Status in a Community-Based Study
of Diabetes Secondary Prevention Among African
Americans.},
Journal = {Int J Health Promot Educ},
Volume = {60},
Number = {5},
Pages = {262-272},
Year = {2022},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2020.1866999},
Abstract = {Objective: The implications for health interventions of
socioeconomic diversity among African Americans is not
well-studied. Design: Our one-arm community-based
participatory research study was designed to improve blood
sugar among African Americans with Type 2 diabetes through a
six-month intervention combining peer support groups and
professional individual coaching. Setting: Small Southern
county with large, socioeconomically diverse African
American population. Methods: Study participants were
recruited through churches and other community sites from
2009-2012. Clinical status was measured and surveys
administered at intervention beginning and end. Retention
was operationalized as completion of six-month measurement.
Bivariate associations between categorical variables were
assessed using Pearson’s chi-square and between
categorical and continuous variables using independent
t-tests of means. Multiple logistic regression was conducted
for retention and multiple linear regression for change in
HbA1c (p<.05). Results: We enrolled a large,
socioeconomically diverse African- American population
(n=380 and, retention was high (85%). However, those who
left the study were more likely than those retained to be
uninsured (52.4% vs. 28.7%) and less likely to have
education beyond high school (45.3% vs. 63.3%); their
average household income per person was lower ($10,942 vs.
$20,731). Multivariate analysis showed that this association
between socioeconomic status and retention was mediated by
higher baseline blood sugar and diabetes burden among those
of lower socioeconomic status. Higher baseline blood sugar,
but not SES, was associated with greater improvements in
diabetes control. Conclusion: These findings indicate the
importance of analyses that address socioeconomic status
within racial groups as a determinant of participation in
and outcomes from health interventions.},
Doi = {10.1080/14635240.2020.1866999},
Key = {fds354533}
}
@article{fds367850,
Author = {Lopes, MB and Silveira-Martins, MT and Albuquerque da Silva and F and Silva, LF and Silva-Martins, MT and Matos, CM and Kraychete, AC and Norris, KC and James, SA and Lopes, AA},
Title = {Race and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients in
Brazil.},
Journal = {Kidney medicine},
Volume = {4},
Number = {12},
Pages = {100557},
Year = {2022},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100557},
Abstract = {<h4>Rationale & objective</h4>Studies in the United States
and United Kingdom generally report better survival for
Black than White patients undergoing maintenance
hemodialysis, a finding not explained by differences in
sociodemographics or comorbid conditions. It is not clear if
such findings can be generalized to other countries. We
investigated the association between race and mortality
among a Black, White, and Mixed-Race sample of maintenance
hemodialysis patients in Salvador, Brazil.<h4>Study
design</h4>Prospective cohort study. Baseline data
collection from July 1, 2005 through December 31, 2010. The
follow-up period ended on December 31, 2017.<h4>Setting &
participants</h4>The Prospective Study of the Prognosis of
Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (PROHEMO) is a cohort of 1,501
patients from 4 dialysis units in Salvador,
Brazil.<h4>Predictor</h4>Race categorized as White (12.9%),
Mixed-Race (62.4%), and Black (24.8%), using White as the
reference category.<h4>Outcome</h4>Survival.<h4>Analytical
approach</h4>Using Cox regression models, we tested the
association between race and mortality, with adjustments for
age, sex, social factors, laboratory results, and comorbid
conditions.<h4>Results</h4>The mean age was 49 years for
Black and Mixed-Race patients and 55 years for White
patients. In a Cox model adjusted for age, mortality did not
differ between Black and White patients (HR, 1.10; 95% CI,
0.66-1.83) or between Mixed-Race and White patients (HR,
1.00; 95% CI, 0.65-1.54). Adjustment for sociodemographics
and comorbid conditions had minimal impact on these
results.<h4>Limitations</h4>Potential residual confounding
and lack of adjustment for time-varying variables.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Contrary
to studies in the United States and United Kingdom, we did
not find racial difference in mortality among patients in
our Brazilian setting who were being treated by maintenance
hemodialysis. These results underscore the importance of
investigating racial differences in mortality among patients
undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in different populations
and countries.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100557},
Key = {fds367850}
}
@article{fds372338,
Author = {Torsney, BM and Symonds, JE and Lombardi, D and Burke, KM and Torsney,
CB and James, SA},
Title = {Emergence of college students’ John Henryism during
schoolwork: an exploratory study},
Journal = {Educational Psychology},
Volume = {43},
Number = {6},
Pages = {698-716},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2023.2240985},
Abstract = {John Henryism (JH), named after the American folk hero John
Henry, is a construct characterised by a behavioural
predisposition for high-effort coping with psychosocial
stressors. While it has been rigorously studied in the
health sciences, little empirical research has focused on
how JH emerges within educational contexts, specifically
during schoolwork. This exploratory study investigated
factors related to JH—race/ethnicity, gender,
first-generation college student status, and high-effort
coping—on school-based cognitive and emotional engagement.
Results revealed that high JH scores predicted positive
cognitive and emotional momentary engagement, particularly
for racial/ethnic minorities and first-generation college
students. Furthermore, in comparing our subsample of
first-generation females with our overall sample of female
students, we learned that JH had a greater positive
influence on first-generation females’ momentary
engagement than on that of the overall sample of female
students. Findings suggest that historically marginalised
groups may regularly rely on JH to cope with systemic
inequality in school activities.},
Doi = {10.1080/01443410.2023.2240985},
Key = {fds372338}
}
@article{fds373702,
Author = {Torsney, BM and Burke, KM and Milidou, M and Lombardi, D and Symonds,
JE and Torsney, CB and James, SA},
Title = {Beyond growth mindset: Exploring John Henryism and academic
task engagement in higher education},
Journal = {Social Psychology of Education},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09813-y},
Abstract = {This study examined how students from historically
marginalized identity groups (i.e., Black and Latinx,
females, and first-generation college students) engage
momentarily in a school-based task. We explored how John
Henryism, defined as effortful, active coping as a response
to environmental stress, and growth and fixed mindset
mediate the relationship between identity groups and
momentary engagement outcomes (i.e., positive/negative
emotions and cognitive engagement). Findings from two
structural equation models—one including John Henryism as
a mediating latent construct and one without—demonstrated
that only John Henryism mediated the relationship between
historically underrepresented groups and positive momentary
engagement (i.e., increased cognitive engagement and
positive emotions, while lowering negative emotions) while
growth mindset did not. These findings suggest that John
Henryism and growth mindset may work together to buffer
environmental stressors that affect historically
underrepresented students’ academic success.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11218-023-09813-y},
Key = {fds373702}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds277717,
Author = {Kleinbaum, DG and Kupper, LL and Suen, CY and James,
SA},
Title = {On Statistical Inferences About Covariate-Adjusted
Proportions},
Booktitle = {Biostatistics: Statistics in Biomedical, Public Health and
Environmental Sciences, The Bernard G. Greenberg
Volume},
Publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.C., North-Holland},
Editor = {Sen, PK},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds277717}
}
@misc{fds277723,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Psychosocial and Environmental Factors in Black
Hypertension},
Pages = {132-143},
Booktitle = {Hypertension in Blacks: Epidemiology Pathophysiology and
Treatment},
Publisher = {Year book Medical Publishers},
Editor = {Hall, WD and Shulman, NB and Saunders, E},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds277723}
}
@misc{fds303105,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Psychosocial and Environmental Factors in Black
Hypertension},
Pages = {132-143},
Booktitle = {Hypertension in Blacks: Epidemiology Pathophysiology and
Treatment},
Publisher = {Year book Medical Publishers},
Editor = {Hall, WD and Shulman, NB and Saunders, E},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds303105}
}
@misc{fds340514,
Author = {Kleinbaum, DG and Kupper, LL and Suen, CY and James,
SA},
Title = {On Statistical Inferences About Covariate-Adjusted
Proportions},
Booktitle = {Biostatistics: Statistics in Biomedical, Public Health and
Environmental Sciences, The Bernard G. Greenberg
Volume},
Publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.C., North-Holland},
Editor = {Sen, PK},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds340514}
}
@misc{fds340531,
Author = {Kleinbaum, DG and Kupper, LL and Suen, CY and James,
SA},
Title = {On Statistical Inferences About Covariate-Adjusted
Proportions},
Publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B.C., North-Holland},
Editor = {Sen, PK},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds340531}
}
@misc{fds376326,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {Psychosocial and Environmental Factors in Black
Hypertension},
Pages = {132-143},
Publisher = {Year book Medical Publishers},
Year = {1985},
Key = {fds376326}
}
@misc{fds277718,
Author = {James, SA and Keenan, NL and Browning, S},
Title = {Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviors and Health Status
Among Blacks},
Pages = {39-57},
Booktitle = {Aging, Health Behaviors and Health Outcomes},
Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale,
NJ},
Editor = {Blazer, D and House, J and Schaie, W},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds277718}
}
@misc{fds340513,
Author = {James, SA and Keenan, NL and Browning, S},
Title = {Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviors and Health Status
Among Blacks},
Pages = {39-57},
Booktitle = {Aging, Health Behaviors and Health Outcomes},
Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale,
NJ},
Editor = {Blazer, D and House, J and Schaie, W},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds340513}
}
@misc{fds376505,
Author = {James, SA and Keenan, NL and Browning, S},
Title = {Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviors and Health Status
Among Blacks},
Pages = {39-57},
Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale,
NJ},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds376505}
}
@misc{fds277719,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {The John Henryism Scale for Active Coping},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {415-425},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black
Populations},
Publisher = {Cobb & Henry Publishers, Hampton, VA},
Editor = {Jones, RL},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds277719}
}
@misc{fds340512,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {The John Henryism Scale for Active Coping},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {415-425},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black
Populations},
Publisher = {Cobb & Henry Publishers, Hampton, VA},
Editor = {Jones, RL},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds340512}
}
@misc{fds376504,
Author = {James, SA},
Title = {The John Henryism Scale for Active Coping},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {415-425},
Publisher = {Cobb & Henry Publishers, Hampton, VA},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds376504}
}
@misc{fds277720,
Author = {James, SA and Schulz, AJ and van, OJ},
Title = {Social Capital, Poverty, and Community Health: An
Exploration of Linkages},
Pages = {165-188},
Booktitle = {Building Social Capital in Urban Communities},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Saegert, S and Thompson, P and Warren, M},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds277720}
}
@misc{fds340511,
Author = {James, SA and Schulz, AJ and van, OJ},
Title = {Social Capital, Poverty, and Community Health: An
Exploration of Linkages},
Pages = {165-188},
Booktitle = {Building Social Capital in Urban Communities},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Editor = {Saegert, S and Thompson, P and Warren, M},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds340511}
}
@misc{fds376503,
Author = {James, SA and Schulz, AJ and van, OJ},
Title = {Social Capital, Poverty, and Community Health: An
Exploration of Linkages},
Pages = {165-188},
Publisher = {Sage Publications},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds376503}
}
@article{fds226739,
Author = {Belli RF and James SA and VanHoewy J and Alcser K},
Title = {The Implementation of a Computerized Event History Calendar
Questionnaire for Research in Life Course Epidemiology, in
RF Belli, FP Stafford, DF Alwin (Editors), Sage
Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA;},
Pages = {225-238},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds226739}
}
@misc{fds277721,
Author = {Silberberg, M and James, SA and Hart-Brothers, E and Robinson, SA and Elliott-Bynum, S},
Title = {How do you launch a major community-engaged research study
with a brand-new partnership that brings together diverse
entities and individuals?”},
Booktitle = {Principles of Community Engagement, 2nd edition. Washington,
DC: National Institutes of Health, 2011},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds277721}
}
@misc{fds277722,
Author = {Robinson, SA and Boone, WA and James, SA and Silberberg, M and Small,
G},
Title = {“How do you engage a community when there are cultural,
educational, or socioeconomic differences within the
community as well as between the community and the
researchers?” Section 2c of “Challenges in Improving
Community Engaged Research,},
Booktitle = {. Principles of Community Engagement, 2nd edition.
Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health,
2011},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds277722}
}
@misc{fds341991,
Author = {Silberberg, M and James, SA and Hart-Brothers, E and Robinson, SA and Elliott-Bynum, S},
Title = {How do you launch a major community-engaged research study
with a brand-new partnership that brings together diverse
entities and individuals?”},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds341991}
}
@misc{fds341975,
Author = {Silberberg, M and James, SA and Hart-Brothers, E and Robinson, SA and Elliott-Bynum, S},
Title = {How do you launch a major community-engaged research study
with a brand-new partnership that brings together diverse
entities and individuals?”},
Booktitle = {Principles of Community Engagement, 2nd edition. Washington,
DC: National Institutes of Health, 2011 (in press -
#11-7782).},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds341975}
}
@misc{fds340506,
Author = {Robinson, SA and Boone, WA and James, SA and Silberberg, M and Small,
G},
Title = {“How do you engage a community when there are cultural,
educational, or socioeconomic differences within the
community as well as between the community and the
researchers?” Section 2c of “Challenges in Improving
Community Engaged Research,},
Booktitle = {. Principles of Community Engagement, 2nd edition.
Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, 2011 (in
press - #11-7782).},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds340506}
}
@misc{fds340530,
Author = {Robinson, SA and Boone, WA and James, SA and Silberberg, M and Small,
G},
Title = {“How do you engage a community when there are cultural,
educational, or socioeconomic differences within the
community as well as between the community and the
researchers?” Section 2c of “Challenges in Improving
Community Engaged Research,},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds340530}
}
@misc{fds333798,
Author = {Iacovino, JM and James, SA},
Title = {Retaining Students of Color in HIgher Education: Expanding
Our Focus to Include Psychosocial Adjustment and Mental
Health},
Pages = {61-84},
Booktitle = {The Crisis of Race in Higher Education: A Day of Discovery
and Dialogue},
Publisher = {Emerald Press},
Editor = {Tate, WF and Staudt, N and Macrander, A},
Year = {2016},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds333798}
}
@misc{fds327545,
Author = {Iacovino, JM and James, SA and Tate, WF and Staudt, N and Macrander,
A},
Title = {Retaining Students of Color in HIgher Education},
Volume = {19},
Pages = {61-84},
Booktitle = {The Crisis of Race in Higher Education: A Day of Discovery
and Dialogue},
Publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
Year = {2016},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1479-364420160000019004},
Abstract = {Over the past several decades, scholars and universities
have made efforts to increase the retention of students in
higher education, but graduation rates remain low. Whereas
two-thirds of high school graduates attend college, fewer
than half graduate. The likelihood of graduation decreases
even more for Black, Latino, American Indian, and low-income
students, who have a 12 15% lower chance of earning their
degree. The importance of psychosocial adjustment to student
persistence has received relatively less attention than
academic and social integration. Racial/ethnic minority
students face unique challenges to psychosocial adjustment
in college, including prejudice and discrimination,
unwelcoming campus environments, underrepresentation, and a
lack of culturally appropriate counseling resources. The
current chapter will discuss the impact of these challenges
on the persistence, academic success, and health of racial/
ethnic minority students, and strategies that universities
can employ to create inclusive policies, resources and
campus environments that empower students of color and
maximize their success.},
Doi = {10.1108/S1479-364420160000019004},
Key = {fds327545}
}
@misc{fds341974,
Author = {James, S},
Title = {John Henryism, Structural Racism, and Cardiovascular Health
Risks in African Americans},
Pages = {56-76},
Booktitle = {Racism: State of the Evidence & Tools for the Public Health
Professional},
Publisher = {American Public Health Association},
Editor = {Ford, C and Griffith, D and Bruce, M and Gilbert,
K},
Year = {2019},
Key = {fds341974}
}
%% Submitted
@misc{fds226634,
Author = {Logan J and James SA et al},
Title = {John Henryism Active Coping, Acculturation and Psyhcological
Health in Korean Immigrants},
Year = {2015},
Month = {Spring},
Key = {fds226634}
}
@misc{fds196310,
Author = {Barrington D and James SA and Williams DR},
Title = {Socioeconomic Correlates of Obesity in African American and
Black-Caribbean Men and Women},
Year = {2015},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds196310}
}
@misc{fds226632,
Author = {Geronimus AG and James SA et al},
Title = {Jedi Public Health: Co-creating an Identity-safe Culture to
Eradicate Health Inquiety},
Year = {2015},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds226632}
}
@misc{fds226633,
Author = {Lopes GB and James SA et al},
Title = {John Henryism and Perceived Health in Brazilian Hemodialysis
Patients},
Year = {2015},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds226633}
}
@misc{fds226635,
Author = {Lawrence V and James SA et al},
Title = {Higher Education, Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in
African Americans: The Pitt County Study},
Year = {2015},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds226635}
}
@misc{fds226636,
Author = {Barrington DB and James SA et al},
Title = {Childhood Family Structure and Later Life Hypertension in
African Americans: The Pitt County Study},
Year = {2015},
Month = {Summer},
Key = {fds226636}
}
%% Other
@misc{fds335179,
Author = {Kaufman, JS and Geronimus, AT and James, SA},
Title = {RE: Racial disparity in the frequency of recurrence of
preterm birth [Letter]. American Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynecology},
Journal = {American Journal of Obstretrics & Gynecology},
Pages = {329-329},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
Key = {fds335179}
}