%% Papers Published
@article{fds296263,
Author = {Kraines, D and Kraines, V},
Title = {The threshold of cooperation among adaptive agents: Pavlov
and the stag hunt},
Journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes
in Bioinformatics)},
Volume = {1193},
Pages = {219-231},
Year = {2015},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0302-9743},
Abstract = {Why is it that in an animal society, persistent selfishness
is quite rare yet in human society, even strict laws and
severe punishment do not eliminate selfish action against
the interests of the whole? Stochastic learning agents
called Pavlov strategies are used to model interactions in
the multi-agent 2 × 2 Stag Hunt matrix game, a close
relative of the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Markov chain methods
and computer simulations establish a threshold learning rate
for the stability of cooperation. A society of rapidly
adapting agents may suffer strife and dissension while
another society with slower learning agents will enjoy the
benefits of virtually complete cooperation.},
Key = {fds296263}
}
@article{fds296270,
Author = {Kraines, DP and Kraines, VY},
Title = {Natural selection of memory-one strategies for the iterated
prisoner's dilemma.},
Journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
Volume = {203},
Number = {4},
Pages = {335-355},
Year = {2000},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-5193},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10736212},
Abstract = {In the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, mutually cooperative
behavior can become established through Darwinian natural
selection. In simulated interactions of stochastic
memory-one strategies for the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma,
Nowak and Sigmund discovered that cooperative agents using a
Pavlov (Win-Stay Lose-Switch) type strategy eventually
dominate a random population. This emergence follows more
directly from a deterministic dynamical system based on
differential reproductive success or natural selection. When
restricted to an environment of memory-one agents
interacting in iterated Prisoner's Dilemma games with a 1%
noise level, the Pavlov agent is the only cooperative
strategy and one of very few others that cannot be invaded
by a similar strategy. Pavlov agents are trusting but no
suckers. They will exploit weakness but repent if punished
for cheating.},
Doi = {10.1006/jtbi.2000.1089},
Key = {fds296270}
}
@article{fds321820,
Author = {Kraines, D and Kraines, V},
Title = {Evolution of Learning among Pavlov Strategies in a
Competitive Environment with Noise},
Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {439-466},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002795039003003},
Abstract = {Pavlov denotes a family of stochastic learning strategies
that achieves the mutually cooperative outcome in the
iterated prisoner's dilemma against a wide variety of
strategies, although it can be exploited to some extent by
some. When restricted to an environment of only Pavlov-type
strategies, slower learning mutants cannot invade an initial
dominant population. More surprising, mutants who learn much
faster than the current population tend to overreact and
also cannot invade. In particular, the “immediate
learning” version of Pavlov, sometimes called
win-stay-lose-switch, often fares poorly in this
environment. Only those strategies that learn marginally
faster than the dominant variety will have greater fitness.
Although faster learners will eventually dominate a given
homogeneous Pavlov population, the process must proceed
through a gradual increase in the rate of learning. © 1995,
Sage Periodicals Press. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1177/0022002795039003003},
Key = {fds321820}
}
@article{fds296269,
Author = {Kraines, D and Kraines, V},
Title = {Learning to cooperate with Pavlov an adaptive strategy for
the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with noise},
Journal = {Theory and Decision},
Volume = {35},
Number = {2},
Pages = {107-150},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1993},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0040-5833},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074955},
Abstract = {Conflict of interest may be modeled, heuristically, by the
iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game. Although several
researchers have shown that the Tit-For-Tat strategy can
encourage the evolution of cooperation, this strategy can
never outscore any opponent and it does poorly against its
clone in a noisy environment. Here we examine the family of
Pavlovian strategies which adapts its play by positive and
negative conditioning, much as many animals do. Mutual
cooperation will evolve in a contest with Pavlov against a
wide variety of opponents and in particular against its
clone. And the strategy is quite stable in a noisy
environment. Although this strategy cooperates and
retaliates, as does Tit-For-Tat, it is not forgiving; Pavlov
will exploit altruistic strategies until he is punished by
mutual defection. Moreover, Pavlovian strategies are natural
models for many real life conflict-of-interest encounters as
well as human and computer simulations. © 1993 Kluwer
Academic Publishers.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01074955},
Key = {fds296269}
}
@article{fds296268,
Author = {Kraines, D and Kraines, V},
Title = {Pavlov and the prisoner's dilemma},
Journal = {Theory and Decision},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {47-79},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {1989},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0040-5833},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00134056},
Abstract = {Our Pavlov learns by conditioned response, through rewards
and punishments, to cooperate or defect. We analyze the
behavior of an extended play Prisoner's Dilemma with Pavlov
against various opponents and compute the time and cost to
train Pavlov to cooperate. Among our results is that Pavlov
and his clone would learn to cooperate more rapidly than if
Pavlov played against the Tit for Tat strategy. This fact
has implications for the evolution of cooperation. © 1989
Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF00134056},
Key = {fds296268}
}
@article{fds296267,
Author = {Geist, R and Kraines, D and Fink, P},
Title = {NATURAL LANGUAGE COMPUTING IN A LINEAR ALGEBRA
COURSE.},
Pages = {203-208},
Year = {1982},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds296267}
}
@article{fds321821,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {The Kernel of the loop suspension map},
Journal = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics},
Volume = {21},
Number = {1},
Pages = {91-108},
Year = {1977},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/ijm/1256049505},
Doi = {10.1215/ijm/1256049505},
Key = {fds321821}
}
@article{fds296265,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {The A(p) cohomology of some k stage Postnikov
systems},
Journal = {Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {56-71},
Publisher = {European Mathematical Publishing House},
Year = {1973},
ISSN = {0010-2571},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02566111},
Doi = {10.1007/BF02566111},
Key = {fds296265}
}
@article{fds296266,
Author = {Kraines, D and Schochet, C},
Title = {Differentials in the Eilenberg-Moore spectral
sequence},
Journal = {Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-148},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1972},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-4049},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4049(72)90018-7},
Doi = {10.1016/0022-4049(72)90018-7},
Key = {fds296266}
}
@article{fds321822,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {On Excess in the Milnor Basis},
Journal = {Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {363-365},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1971},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/3.3.363},
Doi = {10.1112/blms/3.3.363},
Key = {fds321822}
}
@article{fds321823,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {A duality between transpotence elements and Massey
products},
Journal = {Pacific Journal of Mathematics},
Volume = {39},
Number = {1},
Pages = {119-123},
Year = {1971},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/pjm.1971.39.119},
Abstract = {The purpose of this note is to show that if v is an element
whose suspension is nonzero, and if n is dual to v, then the
transpotence φk(v) is defined and nonzero if and only if
the K-Massey product k is defined and nonzero. © 1971,
Pacific Journal of Mathematics.},
Doi = {10.2140/pjm.1971.39.119},
Key = {fds321823}
}
@article{fds296264,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {Primitive chains and H*(ΩX)},
Journal = {Topology},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {31-38},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1969},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0040-9383},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-9383(69)90028-7},
Doi = {10.1016/0040-9383(69)90028-7},
Key = {fds296264}
}
@article{fds321824,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {Rational cohomology operations and massey
products},
Journal = {Proceedings of the American Mathematical
Society},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {238-241},
Publisher = {American Mathematical Society (AMS)},
Year = {1969},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1969-0248810-0},
Doi = {10.1090/S0002-9939-1969-0248810-0},
Key = {fds321824}
}
@article{fds321825,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {Massey higher products},
Journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical
Society},
Volume = {124},
Number = {3},
Pages = {431-449},
Publisher = {American Mathematical Society (AMS)},
Year = {1966},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9947-1966-0202136-1},
Doi = {10.1090/S0002-9947-1966-0202136-1},
Key = {fds321825}
}
@article{fds321826,
Author = {Kraines, D},
Title = {Higher products},
Journal = {Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society},
Volume = {72},
Number = {1},
Pages = {128-131},
Publisher = {American Mathematical Society (AMS)},
Year = {1966},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9904-1966-11451-9},
Doi = {10.1090/S0002-9904-1966-11451-9},
Key = {fds321826}
}
@article{fds8922,
Author = {David Kraines and Vivian Kraines},
Title = {Evolution of learning among Pavlov strategies},
Journal = {J. Conflict Resolution 39 (1995), 439-466.},
Key = {fds8922}
}
@article{fds8921,
Author = {David Kraines},
Title = {The case for single purpose mathematical
software},
Journal = {Fifth International Conference on Technology in Collegiate
Mathematics, 1993.},
Key = {fds8921}
}
@article{fds9152,
Author = {David P. Kraines and Vivian Y. Kraines},
Title = {Linear algebra software for the IBM-PC},
Journal = {Coll. Math. J. 21 (1990), 57--64},
Key = {fds9152}
}
@article{fds9150,
Author = {David P. Kraines and David A. Smith},
Title = {Computers in the classroom},
Journal = {Coll. Math J. 19 (1988), 261--267.},
Key = {fds9150}
}
@article{fds9149,
Author = {David P. Kraines and Vivian Y. Kraines},
Title = {Linear algebra with computers},
Journal = {Discipline Symposium, ACIS, (1987), 13--22.},
Key = {fds9149}
}
@article{fds9155,
Author = {David P. Kraines and Thomas Lada},
Title = {The cohomology of the Dyer-Lashof algebra},
Journal = {Contemporary Mathematics 19 (1983), 145--152.},
Key = {fds9155}
}
@article{fds9147,
Author = {David P. Kraines and Thomas Lada},
Title = {Applications of the Miller spectral sequence},
Journal = {Canadian Math. Soc. Proc. 2 (1982), 145--152},
Key = {fds9147}
}
@article{fds9146,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {Cohomology theories and transfer},
Journal = {Brazilian Math Society (IMPA) 1981},
Key = {fds9146}
}
@article{fds9145,
Author = {David P. Kraines and Thomas Lada},
Title = {A counterexample to the transfer conjecture},
Journal = {Lecture Notes in Math. 741 Springer-Verlag (1979),
588--624.},
Key = {fds9145}
}
@article{fds9143,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {The kernel of the loop map},
Journal = {. Topology and its Applications Lecture Notes in Pure and
Applied Mathematics, 12, 1975},
Key = {fds9143}
}
@article{fds9141,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {Twisted multiplications on generalized Eilenberg-MacLane
spaces},
Journal = {Math. Scand. 32 (1973), 273--285.},
Key = {fds9141}
}
@article{fds9140,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {Approximations to self dual Hopf algebras},
Journal = {American J. of Math. (1972), 963--973.},
Key = {fds9140}
}
@article{fds9154,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {The cohomology of certain k stage Postnikov
systems},
Journal = {Proc. the Advanced Inst. on Algebraic Topology, 1, Aarhus
(1970), 212--239.},
Key = {fds9154}
}
@article{fds9156,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {Primitive chains and H*(Omega X)},
Journal = {Topology 8 (1969) 31-38},
Key = {fds9156}
}
@article{fds9157,
Author = {David P. Kraines},
Title = {Loop Operations},
Journal = {Conf on Algebraic Topology, UICC (1968) 31-38},
Key = {fds9157}
}
%% Papers Submitted
@article{fds9843,
Author = {David P. Kraines and Vivian Y. Kraines},
Title = {Protocols for Cooperation; Cultural Diversity of Strategies
for the Alternating Prisoner's Dilemma},
url = {http://www.math.duke.edu/~dkrain/ProtCoop.pdf},
Key = {fds9843}
}
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Mathematics Department