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## Publications of Hubert Bray    :chronological  alphabetical  by type listing:

%%
@article{fds347401,
Author = {Bray, H and Hamm, B and Hirsch, S and Wheeler, J and Zhang,
Y},
Title = {Flatly foliated relativity},
Journal = {Pure and Applied Mathematics Quarterly},
Volume = {15},
Number = {2},
Pages = {707-747},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2019},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/PAMQ.2019.v15.n2.a4},
Abstract = {Flatly Foliated Relativity (FFR) is a new theory which
conceptually lies between Special Relativity (SR) and
General Relativity (GR), in which spacetime is foliated by
flat Euclidean spaces. While GR is based on the idea that
“matter curves spacetime”, FFR is based on the idea that
“matter curves spacetime, but not space”. This idea,
inspired by the observed spatial flatness of our local
universe, is realized by considering the same action as used
in GR, but restricting it only to metrics which are foliated
by flat spatial slices. FFR can be thought of as describing
gravity without gravitational waves. In FFR, a positive
cosmological constant implies several interesting properties
which do not follow in GR: the metric equations are elliptic
on each euclidean slice, there exists a unique vacuum
solution among those spherically symmetric at infinity, and
there exists a geometric way to define the arrow of time.
Furthermore, as gravitational waves do not exist in FFR,
there are simple analogs to the positive mass theorem and
Penrose-type inequalities. Importantly, given that
gravitational waves have a negligible effect on the
curvature of spacetime, and that the universe appears to be
locally flat, FFR may be a good approximation of GR.
Moreover, FFR still admits many notable features of GR
including the big bang, an accelerating expansion of the
universe, and the Schwarzschild spacetime. Lastly, FFR is
already known to have an existence theory for some
simplified cases, which provokes an interesting discussion
regarding the possibility of a more general existence
theory, which may be relevant to understanding existence of
solutions to GR.},
Doi = {10.4310/PAMQ.2019.v15.n2.a4},
Key = {fds347401}
}

@article{fds340288,
Author = {Bray, HL and Minicozzi, WP},
Title = {The mathematics of richard schoen},
Journal = {Notices of the American Mathematical Society},
Volume = {65},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1349-1176},
Publisher = {American Mathematical Society (AMS)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/NOTI1749},
Doi = {10.1090/NOTI1749},
Key = {fds340288}
}

@article{fds346395,
Author = {Bray, HL and Minicozzi, WP},
Title = {Preface},
Journal = {Notices of the American Mathematical Society},
Volume = {65},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1412-1413},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/noti1748},
Doi = {10.1090/noti1748},
Key = {fds346395}
}

@article{fds330841,
Author = {Bray, H and Roesch, H},
Title = {Proof of a Null Geometry Penrose Conjecture},
Journal = {Notices of the American Mathematical Society.},
Volume = {65},
Publisher = {American Mathematical Society},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds330841}
}

@article{fds300017,
Author = {Bray, HL and Jauregui, JL and Mars, M},
Title = {Time Flat Surfaces and the Monotonicity of the Spacetime
Hawking Mass II},
Journal = {Annales Henri Poincaré},
Volume = {17},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1457-1475},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1424-0637},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.3287},
Abstract = {In this sequel paper, we give a shorter, second proof of the
monotonicity of the Hawking mass for time flat surfaces
under spacelike uniformly area expanding flows in spacetimes
that satisfy the dominant energy condition. We also include
a third proof which builds on a known formula and describe a
class of sufficient conditions of divergence type for the
monotonicity of the Hawking mass. These flows of surfaces
may have connections to the problem in general relativity of
bounding the total mass of a spacetime from below by the
quasi-local mass of spacelike 2-surfaces in the
spacetime.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00023-015-0420-2},
Key = {fds300017}
}

@article{fds303060,
Author = {Martinez-Medina, LA and Bray, H and Mattos, T},
Title = {On wave dark matter in spiral and barred
galaxies},
Volume = {2015},
Number = {12},
Pages = {025-025},
Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
Year = {2015},
Month = {December},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.07154},
Abstract = {We recover spiral and barred spiral patterns in disk galaxy
simulations with a Wave Dark Matter (WDM) background (also
known as Scalar Field Dark Matter (SFDM), Ultra-Light Axion
(ULA) dark matter, and Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) dark
matter). Here we show how the interaction between a baryonic
disk and its Dark Matter Halo triggers the formation of
spiral structures when the halo is allowed to have a
triaxial shape and angular momentum. This is a more
realistic picture within the WDM model since a non-spherical
rotating halo seems to be more natural. By performing
hydrodynamic simulations, along with earlier test particles
simulations, we demonstrate another important way in which
wave dark matter is consistent with observations. The common
existence of bars in these simulations is particularly
noteworthy. This may have consequences when trying to obtain
information about the dark matter distribution in a galaxy,
the mere presence of spiral arms or a bar usually indicates
that baryonic matter dominates the central region and
therefore observations, like rotation curves, may not tell
us what the DM distribution is at the halo center. But here
we show that spiral arms and bars can develop in DM
dominated galaxies with a central density core without
supposing its origin on mechanisms intrinsic to the baryonic
matter.},
Doi = {10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/025},
Key = {fds303060}
}

@article{fds287065,
Author = {Bray, HL and Jauregui, JL},
Title = {On curves with nonnegative torsion},
Journal = {Archiv Der Mathematik},
Volume = {104},
Number = {6},
Pages = {561-575},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0003-889X},
url = {http://www.springer.com/-/0/c8d239381b86496b96d95ff26f1061eb},
Abstract = {We provide new results and new proofs of results about the
torsion of curves in $${\mathbb{R}^3}$$R3. Let
$${\gamma}$$γ be a smooth curve in $${\mathbb{R}^3}$$R3
that is the graph over a simple closed curve in
$${\mathbb{R}^2}$$R2 with positive curvature. We give a new
proof that if $${\gamma}$$γ has nonnegative (or
nonpositive) torsion, then $${\gamma}$$γ has zero torsion
and hence lies in a plane. Additionally, we prove the new
result that a simple closed plane curve, without any
assumption on its curvature, cannot be perturbed to a closed
space curve of constant nonzero torsion. We also prove
similar statements for curves in Lorentzian
$${\mathbb{R}^{2,1}}$$R2,1 which are related to important
open questions about time flat surfaces in spacetimes and
mass in general relativity.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00013-015-0767-0},
Key = {fds287065}
}

@article{fds300016,
Author = {Bray, HL and Jauregui, JL},
Title = {Time Flat Surfaces and the Monotonicity of the Spacetime
Hawking Mass},
Journal = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
Volume = {335},
Number = {1},
Pages = {285-307},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2015},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0010-3616},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.8638},
Abstract = {We identify a condition on spacelike 2-surfaces in a
spacetime that is relevant to understanding the concept of
mass in general relativity. We prove a formula for the
variation of the spacetime Hawking mass under a uniformly
area expanding flow and show that it is nonnegative for
these so-called “time flat surfaces.” Such flows
generalize inverse mean curvature flow, which was used by
Huisken and Ilmanen to prove the Riemannian Penrose
inequality for one black hole. A flow of time flat surfaces
may have connections to the problem in general relativity of
bounding the mass of a spacetime from below by the
quasi-local mass of a spacelike 2-surface contained
therein.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00220-014-2162-2},
Key = {fds300016}
}

@article{fds287070,
Author = {Bray, HL and Parry, AR},
Title = {Modeling wave dark matter in dwarf spheroidal
galaxies},
Journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
Volume = {615},
Pages = {012001-012001},
Publisher = {IOP Publishing},
Year = {2015},
ISSN = {1742-6588},
Doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/615/1/012001},
Key = {fds287070}
}

@article{fds287066,
Author = {Bray, H and Goetz, AS},
Title = {Wave Dark Matter and the Tully-Fisher Relation},
Year = {2014},
Month = {September},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.7347},
Abstract = {Preprint},
Key = {fds287066}
}

@article{fds287074,
Author = {Bray, HL},
Title = {On Dark Matter, Spiral Galaxies, and the Axioms of General
Relativity},
Journal = {Ams Contemporary Mathematics Volume},
Volume = {599},
Number = {Geometric Analysis, Mathematical Relativ},
Publisher = {American Mathematical Society},
Year = {2013},
url = {http://www.math.duke.edu/~bray/darkmatter/darkmatter.html},
Key = {fds287074}
}

@article{fds287075,
Author = {Bray, HL and Jauregui, JL},
Title = {A geometric theory of zero area singularities in general
relativity},
Journal = {Asian Journal of Mathematics},
Volume = {17},
Number = {3},
Pages = {525-560},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1093-6106},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/AJM.2013.v17.n3.a6},
Abstract = {The Schwarzschild spacetime metric of negative mass is
well-known to contain a naked singularity. In a spacelike
slice, this singularity of the metric is characterized by
the property that nearby surfaces have arbitrarily small
area. We develop a theory of such \zero area singularities"
in Riemannian manifolds, generalizing far beyond the
Schwarzschild case (for example, allowing the singularities
to have nontrivial topology). We also dene the mass of such
singularities. The main result of this paper is a lower
bound on the ADM mass of an asymptotically at manifold of
nonnegative scalar curvature in terms of the masses of its
singularities, assuming a certain conjecture in conformal
geometry. The proof relies on the Riemannian Penrose
inequality [9]. Equality is attained in the inequality by
the Schwarzschild metric of negative mass. An immediate
corollary is a version of the positive mass theorem that
allows for certain types of incomplete metrics. © 2013
International Press.},
Doi = {10.4310/AJM.2013.v17.n3.a6},
Key = {fds287075}
}

@article{fds287064,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {On Wave Dark Matter, Shells in Elliptical Galaxies, and the
Axioms of General Relativity},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
url = {http://www.math.duke.edu/~bray/darkmatter/DMEG.pdf},
Abstract = {Preprint},
Key = {fds287064}
}

@article{fds347402,
Author = {Bray, HL and Khuri, MA},
Title = {P.D.E.'s Which Imply the Penrose Conjecture},
Journal = {Asian Journal of Mathematics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {54},
Publisher = {International Press},
Year = {2011},
Month = {December},
Key = {fds347402}
}

@article{fds287073,
Author = {Bray, HL and Khuri, MA},
Title = {P. D. E. 'S which imply the penrose conjecture},
Journal = {Asian Journal of Mathematics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {4},
Pages = {557-610},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1093-6106},
url = {http://www.math.duke.edu/~bray/PE/euclid.ajm.1331583349.pdf},
Abstract = {In this paper, we show how to reduce the Penrose conjecture
to the known Riemannian Penrose inequality case whenever
certain geometrically motivated systems of equations can be
solved. Whether or not these special systems of equations
have general existence theories is therefore an important
open problem. The key tool in our method is the derivation
of a new identity which we call the generalized Schoen-Yau
identity, which is of independent interest. Using a
generalized Jang equation, we use this identity to propose
canonical embeddings of Cauchy data into corresponding
static spacetimes. In addition, we discuss the Carrasco-Mars
counterexample to the Penrose conjecture for generalized
apparent horizons (added since the first version of this
paper was posted on the arXiv) and instead conjecture the
Penrose inequality for time-independent apparent horizons,
which we define. © 2011 International Press.},
Doi = {10.4310/AJM.2011.v15.n4.a5},
Key = {fds287073}
}

@article{fds287068,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {On the Positive Mass, Penrose, and ZAS Inequalities in
General Dimension},
Booktitle = {Surveys in Geometric Analysis and Relativity in Honor of
Richard Schoen’s 60th Birthday},
Publisher = {Higher Education Press and International
Press},
Editor = {Bray, H and Minicozzi, W},
Year = {2011},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.2230},
Key = {fds287068}
}

@article{fds287080,
Author = {Bray, H and Brendle, S and Eichmair, M and Neves,
A},
Title = {Area-Minimizing Projective Planes in 3-Manifolds},
Journal = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics},
Volume = {63},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1237-1247},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2010},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0010-3640},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpa.20319},
Abstract = {Let (M, g) be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension 3,
and let F denote the collection of all embedded surfaces
homeomorphic to R{double-struck}P{double-struck}2. We study
the infimum of the areas of all surfaces in F . This
quantity is related to the systole of .M; g/. It makes sense
whenever F is nonempty. In this paper, we give an upper
bound for this quantity in terms of the minimum of the
scalar curvature of (M, g) Moreover, we show that equality
holds if and only if (M, g) is isometric to
R{double-struck}P{double-struck}3 up to scaling. The proof
uses the formula for the second variation of area and
Hamilton's Ricci flow. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/cpa.20319},
Key = {fds287080}
}

@article{fds287081,
Author = {Bray, HL and Khuri, MA},
Title = {A jang equation approach to the penrose inequality},
Journal = {Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems Series
A},
Volume = {27},
Number = {2},
Pages = {741-766},
Publisher = {American Institute of Mathematical Sciences
(AIMS)},
Year = {2010},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1078-0947},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2010.27.741},
Abstract = {We introduce a generalized version of the Jang equation,
designed for the general case of the Penrose Inequality in
the setting of an asymptotically flat space-like
hypersurface of a spacetime satisfying the dominant energy
condition. The appropriate existence and regularity results
are established in the special case of spherically symmetric
Cauchy data, and are applied to give a new proof of the
general Penrose Inequality for these data sets. When
appropriately coupled with an inverse mean curvature flow,
analogous existence and regularity results for the
associated system of equations in the nonspherical setting
would yield a proof of the full Penrose Conjecture. Thus it
remains as an important and challenging open problem to
determine whether this system does indeed admit the desired
solutions.},
Doi = {10.3934/dcds.2010.27.741},
Key = {fds287081}
}

@article{fds287076,
Author = {Bray, H and Brendle, S and Neves, A},
Title = {Rigidity of area-minimizing two-spheres in
three-manifolds},
Journal = {Communications in Analysis and Geometry},
Volume = {18},
Number = {4},
Pages = {821-830},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1019-8385},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/CAG.2010.v18.n4.a6},
Abstract = {We give a sharp upper bound for the area of a minimal
two-sphere in a three-manifold (M,g) with positive scalar
curvature. If equality holds, we show that the universal
cover of (M,g) is isometric to a cylinder.},
Doi = {10.4310/CAG.2010.v18.n4.a6},
Key = {fds287076}
}

@article{fds287077,
Author = {Bray, HL and Lee, DA},
Title = {On the Riemannian Penrose inequality in dimensions less than
eight},
Journal = {Duke Mathematical Journal},
Volume = {148},
Number = {1},
Pages = {81-106},
Publisher = {Duke University Press},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0012-7094},
url = {http://www.math.duke.edu/~bray/PE/euclid.dmj.1240432192.pdf},
Abstract = {The positive mass theorem states that a complete
asymptotically flat manifold of nonnegative scalar curvature
has nonnegative mass and that equality is achieved only for
the Euclidean metric. The Riemannian Penrose inequality
provides a sharp lower bound for the mass when black holes
are present. More precisely, this lower bound is given in
terms of the area of an outermost minimal hypersurface, and
equality is achieved only for Schwarzschild metrics. The
Riemannian Penrose inequality was first proved in three
dimensions in 1997 by G. Huisken and T. Ilmanen for the case
of a single black hole (see [HI]). In 1999, Bray extended
this result to the general case of multiple black holes
extend the technique of [Br] to dimensions less than eight.
Part of the argument is contained in a companion article by
Lee [L]. The equality case of the theorem requires the added
assumption that the manifold be spin. 2009 © Duke
University Press.},
Doi = {10.1215/00127094-2009-020},
Key = {fds287077}
}

@article{fds287083,
Author = {Bray, H and Miao, P},
Title = {On the capacity of surfaces in manifolds with nonnegative
scalar curvature},
Journal = {Inventiones Mathematicae},
Volume = {172},
Number = {3},
Pages = {459-475},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0020-9910},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00222-007-0102-x},
Abstract = {Given a surface in an asymptotically flat 3-manifold with
nonnegative scalar curvature, we derive an upper bound for
the capacity of the surface in terms of the area of the
surface and the Willmore functional of the surface. The
capacity of a surface is defined to be the energy of the
harmonic function which equals 0 on the surface and goes to
1 at ∞. Even in the special case of ℝ3, this is a new
estimate. More generally, equality holds precisely for a
spherically symmetric sphere in a spatial Schwarzschild
3-manifold. As applications, we obtain inequalities relating
the capacity of the surface to the Hawking mass of the
surface and the total mass of the asymptotically flat
Doi = {10.1007/s00222-007-0102-x},
Key = {fds287083}
}

@article{fds287084,
Author = {Bray, H and Hayward, S and Mars, M and Simon, W},
Title = {Generalized inverse mean curvature flows in
spacetime},
Journal = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
Volume = {272},
Number = {1},
Pages = {119-138},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0010-3616},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-007-0203-9},
Abstract = {Motivated by the conjectured Penrose inequality and by the
work of Hawking, Geroch, Huisken and Ilmanen in the null and
the Riemannian case, we examine necessary conditions on
flows of two-surfaces in spacetime under which the Hawking
quasilocal mass is monotone. We focus on a subclass of such
flows which we call uniformly expanding, which can be
considered for null as well as for spacelike directions. In
the null case, local existence of the flow is guaranteed. In
the spacelike case, the uniformly expanding condition leaves
a 1-parameter freedom, but for the whole family, the
embedding functions satisfy a forward-backward parabolic
system for which local existence does not hold in general.
Nevertheless, we have obtained a generalization of the weak
(distributional) formulation of this class of flows,
generalizing the corresponding step of Huisken and Ilmanen's
proof of the Riemannian Penrose inequality. ©
Springer-Verlag 2007.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00220-007-0203-9},
Key = {fds287084}
}

@article{fds303538,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {A Family of Quasi-local Mass Functionals with Monotone
Flows},
Journal = {Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on
Mathematical Physics},
Pages = {323-329},
Publisher = {World Scientific},
Editor = {Zambrini, JC},
Year = {2006},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {981256201X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0030},
Abstract = {We define a one parameter family of quasi-local mass
functionals mc (Σ), 0 ≤ c ≤ ∞, which are
nondecreasing on surfaces in 3-manifolds with nonnegative
scalar curvature with respect to a one parameter family of
flows. In the case that c = 0, m0(Σ) equals the Hawking
mass of Σ2 and the corresponding flow is inverse mean
curvature flow. Then, following the arguments of Geroch [8],
Jang and Wald [12], and Huisken and Ilmanen [9], we note
that the generalization of their results for inverse mean
curvature flow would imply that if mADM is the total mass of
the complete, asymptotically flat 3-manifold with
nonnegative scalar curvature, then mADM ≥ mc(Σ) for all
nonnegative c and all connected surfaces Σ which are not
enclosed by surfaces with less area.},
Doi = {10.1142/9789812704016_0030},
Key = {fds303538}
}

@article{fds51387,
Author = {H.L. Bray},
Title = {The Positve Energy Theorem and Other Inequalities in
GR},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds51387}
}

@article{fds287061,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {The Positve Energy Theorem and Other Inequalities},
Booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds287061}
}

@article{MR2052359,
Author = {Bray, HL and Neves, A},
Title = {Classification of Prime 3-Manifolds with Yamabe Invariant
Greater than RP^3},
Journal = {Annals of Mathematics},
Volume = {159},
Number = {1},
Pages = {407-424},
Publisher = {Annals of Mathematics, Princeton U},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
url = {http://annals.math.princeton.edu/2004/159-1/p09},
Abstract = {In this paper we compute the σ-invariants (sometimes also
called the smooth Yamabe invariants) of RP3 and RP2×S1
(which are equal) and show that the only prime 3-manifolds
with larger σ-invariants are S3, S2×S1, and S2×~S1 (the
nonorientable S2 bundle over S1). More generally, we show
that any 3-manifold with σ-invariant greater than RP3 is
either S3, a connect sum with an S2 bundle over S1, or has
more than one nonorientable prime component. A corollary is
the Poincaré conjecture for 3-manifolds with σ-invariant
greater than RP3. Surprisingly these results follow from the
same inverse mean curvature flow techniques which were used
by Huisken and Ilmanen in [7] to prove the Riemannian
Penrose Inequality for a black hole in a spacetime. Richard
Schoen made the observation [18] that since the constant
curvature metric (which is extremal for the Yamabe problem)
on RP3 is in the same conformal class as the Schwarzschild
metric (which is extremal for the Penrose inequality) on RP3
minus a point, there might be a connection between the two
problems. The authors found a strong connection via inverse
mean curvature flow.},
Doi = {10.4007/annals.2004.159.407},
Key = {MR2052359}
}

@article{fds345673,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {Geometric Flows and the Penrose Inequality},
Pages = {510-520},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics: Five-Volume
Set},
Year = {2004},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780125126663},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-512666-2/00058-4},
Doi = {10.1016/B0-12-512666-2/00058-4},
Key = {fds345673}
}

@article{fds287060,
Author = {Bray, H and Chrusciel, PT},
Title = {The Penrose Inequality},
Booktitle = {The Einstein Equations and the Large Scale Behavior of
Gravitational Fields (50 Years of the Cauchy Problem in
General Relativity)},
Publisher = {Birkhauser},
Editor = {Chrusciel, PT and Friedrich, HF},
Year = {2004},
url = {arxiv:gr-qc/0312047v2},
Key = {fds287060}
}

@article{fds43695,
Author = {H.L. Bray},
Title = {A Family of Quasi-local Mass Functionals with Monotone
Flows},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on
Mathematical Physics, Lisbon, Portugal, 2003},
Editor = {Jean-Claude Zambrini},
Year = {2003},
Key = {fds43695}
}

@article{MR2002i:53073,
Author = {Bray, H and Morgan, F},
Title = {An isoperimetric comparison theorem for schwarzschild space
and other manifolds},
Journal = {Proceedings of the American Mathematical
Society},
Volume = {130},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1467-1472},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.ams.org/journals/proc/2002-130-05/S0002-9939-01-06186-X/S0002-9939-01-06186-X.pdf},
Abstract = {We give a very general isoperimetric comparison theorem
which, as an important special case, gives hypotheses under
which the spherically symmetric (n - 1)-spheres of a
spherically symmetric n-manifold are isoperimetric
hypersurfaces, meaning that they minimize (n -
1)-dimensional area among hypersurfaces enclosing the same
n-volume. This result greatly generalizes the result of Bray
(Ph.D. thesis, 1997), which proved that the spherically
symmetric 2-spheres of 3-dimensional Schwarzschild space
(which is defined to be a totally geodesic, space-like slice
of the usual (3 + 1)-dimensional Schwarzsehild metric) are
isoperimetric. We also note that this Schwarzschild result
has applications to the Penrose inequality in general
relativity, as described by Bray.},
Doi = {10.1090/S0002-9939-01-06186-X},
Key = {MR2002i:53073}
}

@article{MR2003c:53047,
Author = {Bray, H and Finster, F},
Title = {Curvature estimates and the Positive Mass
Theorem},
Journal = {Communications in Analysis and Geometry},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {291-306},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/CAG.2002.v10.n2.a3},
Abstract = {The Positive Mass Theorem implies that any smooth, complete,
asymptotically flat 3-manifold with non-negative scalar
curvature which has zero total mass is isometric to (ℝ3
δij). In this paper, we quantify this statement using
spinors and prove that if a complete, asymptotically flat
manifold with non-negative scalar curvature has small mass
and bounded isoperimetric constant, then the manifold must
be close to (ℝ3, δij), in the sense that there is an
upper bound for the L2 norm of the Riemannian curvature
tensor over the manifold except for a set of small measure.
This curvature estimate allows us to extend the case of
equality of the Positive Mass Theorem to include non-smooth
manifolds with generalized non-negative scalar curvature,
which we define.},
Doi = {10.4310/CAG.2002.v10.n2.a3},
Key = {MR2003c:53047}
}

@article{fds287063,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {Black Holes and the Penrose Inequality in General
Relativity},
Journal = {Proceedings of the International Congress of
Mathematicians},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {257-272},
Booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians,
Beijing, China, 2002},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0304261v1},
Key = {fds287063}
}

@article{MR2003j:83052,
Author = {Bray, HL},
Title = {Black Holes, Geometric Flows, and the Penrose Inequality in
General Relativity},
Journal = {Notices of the American Mathematical Society},
Volume = {49},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1372-1381},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://www.ams.org/notices/200211/fea-bray.pdf},
Key = {MR2003j:83052}
}

@article{MR2003k:83066,
Author = {Bray, HL and Iga, K},
Title = {Superharmonic Functions in R^n and the Penrose Inequality in
General Relativity},
Journal = {Communications in Analysis and Geometry},
Volume = {10},
Number = {5},
Pages = {999-1016},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2002},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cag.2002.v10.n5.a5},
Doi = {10.4310/cag.2002.v10.n5.a5},
Key = {MR2003k:83066}
}

@article{MR2004j:53046,
Author = {Bray, HL},
Title = {Proof of the riemannian penrose inequality using the
positive mass theorem},
Journal = {Journal of Differential Geometry},
Volume = {59},
Number = {2},
Pages = {177-267},
Publisher = {International Press of Boston},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
url = {http://www.math.duke.edu/~bray/PE/euclid.jdg.1090349428.pdf},
Abstract = {We prove the Riemannian Penrose Conjecture, an important
case of a conjecture [41] made by Roger Penrose in 1973, by
defining a new flow of metrics. This flow of metrics stays
inside the class of asymptotically flat Riemannian
3-manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature which contain
minimal spheres. In particular, if we consider a Riemannian
3-manifold as a totally geodesic submanifold of a space-time
in the context of general relativity, then outermost minimal
spheres with total area A correspond to apparent horizons of
black holes contributing a mass √ A/16π, scalar curvature
corresponds to local energy density at each point, and the
rate at which the metric becomes flat at infinity
corresponds to total mass (also called the ADM mass). The
Riemannian Penrose Conjecture then states that the total
mass of an asymptotically flat 3-manifold with nonnegative
scalar curvature is greater than or equal to the mass
contributed by the black holes. The flow of metrics we
define continuously evolves the original 3-metric to a
Schwarzschild 3-metric, which represents a spherically
symmetric black hole in vacuum. We define the flow such that
the area of the minimal spheres (which flow outward) and
hence the mass contributed by the black holes in each of the
metrics in the flow is constant, and then use the Positive
Mass Theorem to show that the total mass of the metrics is
nonincreasing. Then since the total mass equals the mass of
the black hole in a Schwarzschild metric, the Riemannian
Penrose Conjecture follows. We also refer the reader to the
beautiful work of Huisken and Ilmanen [30], who used inverse
mean curvature flows of surfaces to prove that the total
mass is at least the mass contributed by the largest black
hole. © Applied Probability Trust 2001.},
Doi = {10.4310/jdg/1090349428},
Key = {MR2004j:53046}
}

@incollection{MR2004j:53047,
Author = {Bray, H and Schoen, RM},
Title = {Recent Proofs of the Riemannian Penrose Conjecture},
Pages = {1-36},
Booktitle = {Current Developments in Mathematics},
Publisher = {International Press},
Year = {1999},
Key = {MR2004j:53047}
}

@misc{fds287067,
Author = {Bray, H},
Title = {The Penrose Inequality in General Relativity and Volume
Comparison Theorems Involving Scalar Curvature},
Year = {1997},
url = {arxiv:0902.3241v1},
Key = {fds287067}
}

@article{fds287082,
Author = {Bray, H and McCormick, K and Wells, RO and Zhou, XD},
Title = {Wavelet variations on the Shannon sampling
theorem.},
Journal = {Biosystems},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1-3},
Pages = {249-257},
Publisher = {Elsevier Science Ireland},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0303-2647},
Abstract = {The Shannon sampling theorem asserts that a continuous
square-integrable function on the real line which has a
compactly supported Fourier transform is uniquely determined
by its restriction to a uniform lattice of points whose
density is determined by the support of the Fourier
transform. This result can be extended to the wavelet
representation of functions in two ways. First, under the
same type of conditions as for the Shannon theorem, the
scaling coefficients of a wavelet expansion will determine
uniquely the given square-integrable function. Secondly, for
a more general function, there is a unique extension from a
given set of scaling coefficients to a full wavelet
expansion which minimizes the local obstructions to
translation invariance in a variational sense.},
Doi = {10.1016/0303-2647(94)01457-i},
Key = {fds287082}
}



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