Papers Published

1. Wiesner, Mark R. and Rook, John J. and Fiessinger, Francois, OPTIMIZING THE PLACEMENT OF GAC FILTRATION UNITS., Journal of the American Water Works Association, vol. 79 no. 12 (1987), pp. 39 - 49 .
   (last updated on 2007/04/09)

   Abstract:
   The costs of granular activated carbon (GAC) filter-adsorbers (second-stage GAC filtration) were compared with those of the sand replacement option (first-stage GAC filtration). Simulation models of total organic carbon (TOC) adsorption and particle removal were used to describe filter performance. First-stage filtration was found to be the most cost-effective treatment option when TOC removals of less than 55 percent are sufficient. When treating waters with low TOC concentrations, using a large number of adsorbers in parallel, and regenerating the GAC off-site, first-stage filtration was found to be cost-effective for TOC removals as high as 75 percent. Second-stage GAC adsorbers should become more cost-efficient for removal of low concentrations of TOC as conventional filters for turbidity removal are designed at higher filtration rates.

   Keywords:
   WATER FILTRATION - Optimization;FILTERS - Performance;ORGANIC CHEMICALS - Removal;