Evolutionary Anthropology : Publications since January 2023
%% Alberts, Susan C.
@article{fds376231,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Lin, D and Lea, AJ and Johnston, RA and Voyles, T and Akinyi, MY and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {DNA methylation signatures of early-life adversity are
exposure-dependent in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {121},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e2309469121},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309469121},
Abstract = {The early-life environment can profoundly shape the
trajectory of an animal's life, even years or decades later.
One mechanism proposed to contribute to these early-life
effects is DNA methylation. However, the frequency and
functional importance of DNA methylation in shaping
early-life effects on adult outcomes is poorly understood,
especially in natural populations. Here, we integrate
prospectively collected data on fitness-associated variation
in the early environment with DNA methylation estimates at
477,270 CpG sites in 256 wild baboons. We find highly
heterogeneous relationships between the early-life
environment and DNA methylation in adulthood: aspects of the
environment linked to resource limitation (e.g., low-quality
habitat, early-life drought) are associated with many more
CpG sites than other types of environmental stressors (e.g.,
low maternal social status). Sites associated with early
resource limitation are enriched in gene bodies and putative
enhancers, suggesting they are functionally relevant.
Indeed, by deploying a baboon-specific, massively parallel
reporter assay, we show that a subset of windows containing
these sites are capable of regulatory activity, and that,
for 88% of early drought-associated sites in these
regulatory windows, enhancer activity is DNA
methylation-dependent. Together, our results support the
idea that DNA methylation patterns contain a persistent
signature of the early-life environment. However, they also
indicate that not all environmental exposures leave an
equivalent mark and suggest that socioenvironmental
variation at the time of sampling is more likely to be
functionally important. Thus, multiple mechanisms must
converge to explain early-life effects on fitness-related
traits.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2309469121},
Key = {fds376231}
}
@article{fds372757,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Lee, A and Long'ida Siodi and I and Helmich, EC and McLean,
EM and Malone, EJ and Pickard, MJ and Ranjithkumar, R and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life drought predicts components of adult body size in
wild female baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {3},
Pages = {357-371},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In many taxa, adverse early-life
environments are associated with reduced growth and smaller
body size in adulthood. However, in wild primates, we know
very little about whether, where, and to what degree
trajectories are influenced by early adversity, or which
types of early adversity matter most. Here, we use
parallel-laser photogrammetry to assess inter-individual
predictors of three measures of body size (leg length,
forearm length, and shoulder-rump length) in a population of
wild female baboons studied since birth.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Using >2000 photogrammetric measurements of 127
females, we present a cross-sectional growth curve of wild
female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) from juvenescence
through adulthood. We then test whether females exposed to
several important sources of early-life adversity-drought,
maternal loss, low maternal rank, or a cumulative measure of
adversity-were smaller for their age than females who
experienced less adversity. Using the "animal model," we
also test whether body size is heritable in this study
population.<h4>Results</h4>Prolonged early-life drought
predicted shorter limbs but not shorter torsos (i.e.,
shoulder-rump lengths). Our other measures of early-life
adversity did not predict variation in body size.
Heritability estimates for body size measures were 36%-67%.
Maternal effects accounted for 13%-17% of the variance in
leg and forearm length, but no variance in torso
length.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our results suggest that baboon
limbs, but not torsos, grow plastically in response to
maternal effects and energetic early-life stress. Our
results also reveal considerable heritability for all three
body size measures in this study population.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Key = {fds372757}
}
@article{fds374187,
Author = {Lange, EC and Griffin, M and Fogel, AS and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Environmental, sex-specific and genetic determinants of
infant social behaviour in a wild primate.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {2011},
Pages = {20231597},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Abstract = {Affiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in
many social mammals. However, despite their importance,
little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds
develops in young animals, or if the timing of development
is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of
longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon
population, we assessed the environmental determinants of an
important social developmental milestone in baboons-the age
at which a young animal first grooms a conspecific-and we
assessed how the rates at which offspring groom their
mothers develops during the juvenile period. We found that
grooming development differs between the sexes: female
infants groom at an earlier age and reach equal rates of
grooming with their mother earlier than males. We also found
that age at first grooming for both sexes is weakly
heritable (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.043, 95% CI:
0.002-0.110). These results show that sex differences in
grooming emerge at a young age; that strong, equitable
social relationships between mothers and daughters begin
very early in life; and that age at first grooming is
heritable and therefore can be shaped by natural
selection.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Key = {fds374187}
}
@article{fds371574,
Author = {Tung, J and Lange, EC and Alberts, SC and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Social and early life determinants of survival from cradle
to grave: A case study in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
Volume = {152},
Pages = {105282},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Abstract = {Field studies of natural mammal populations present powerful
opportunities to investigate the determinants of health and
aging using fine-grained observations of known individuals
across the life course. Here, we synthesize five decades of
findings from one such study: the wild baboons of the
Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. First, we discuss the profound
associations between early life adversity, adult social
conditions, and key aging outcomes in this population,
especially survival. Second, we review potential mediators
of the relationship between early life adversity and
survival in our population. Notably, our tests of two
leading candidate mediators-social isolation and
glucocorticoid levels-fail to identify a single, strong
mediator of early life effects on adult survival. Instead,
early adversity, social isolation, and glucocorticoids are
independently linked to adult lifespans, suggesting
considerable scope for mitigating the negative consequences
of early life adversity. Third, we review our work on the
evolutionary rationale for early life effects on mortality,
which currently argues against clear predictive adaptive
responses. Finally, we end by highlighting major themes
emerging from the study of sociality, development, and aging
in the Amboseli baboons, as well as important open questions
for future work.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Key = {fds371574}
}
@article{fds371102,
Author = {Anderson, JA and Lin, D and Lea, AJ and Johnston, RA and Voyles, T and Akinyi, MY and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC and Tung,
J},
Title = {DNA methylation signatures of early life adversity are
exposure-dependent in wild baboons.},
Booktitle = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.05.542485},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.06.05.542485},
Key = {fds371102}
}
@article{fds362962,
Author = {Zeng, S and Lange, EC and Archie, EA and Campos, FA and Alberts, SC and Li,
F},
Title = {A Causal Mediation Model for Longitudinal Mediators and
Survival Outcomes with an Application to Animal
Behavior.},
Journal = {Journal of agricultural, biological, and environmental
statistics},
Volume = {28},
Number = {2},
Pages = {197-218},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-022-00490-6},
Abstract = {In animal behavior studies, a common goal is to investigate
the causal pathways between an exposure and outcome, and a
mediator that lies in between. Causal mediation analysis
provides a principled approach for such studies. Although
many applications involve longitudinal data, the existing
causal mediation models are not directly applicable to
settings where the mediators are measured on irregular time
grids. In this paper, we propose a causal mediation model
that accommodates longitudinal mediators on arbitrary time
grids and survival outcomes simultaneously. We take a
functional data analysis perspective and view longitudinal
mediators as realizations of underlying smooth stochastic
processes. We define causal estimands of direct and indirect
effects accordingly and provide corresponding identification
assumptions. We employ a functional principal component
analysis approach to estimate the mediator process and
propose a Cox hazard model for the survival outcome that
flexibly adjusts the mediator process. We then derive a
g-computation formula to express the causal estimands using
the model coefficients. The proposed method is applied to a
longitudinal data set from the Amboseli Baboon Research
Project to investigate the causal relationships between
early adversity, adult physiological stress responses, and
survival among wild female baboons. We find that adversity
experienced in early life has a significant direct effect on
females' life expectancy and survival probability, but find
little evidence that these effects were mediated by markers
of the stress response in adulthood. We further developed a
sensitivity analysis method to assess the impact of
potential violation to the key assumption of sequential
ignorability. Supplementary materials accompanying this
paper appear on-line.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13253-022-00490-6},
Key = {fds362962}
}
@article{fds370846,
Author = {Lange, EC and Zeng, S and Campos, FA and Li, F and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life adversity and adult social relationships have
independent effects on survival in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {9},
Number = {20},
Pages = {eade7172},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Abstract = {Adverse conditions in early life can have negative
consequences for adult health and survival in humans and
other animals. What variables mediate the relationship
between early adversity and adult survival? Adult social
environments represent one candidate: Early life adversity
is linked to social adversity in adulthood, and social
adversity in adulthood predicts survival outcomes. However,
no study has prospectively linked early life adversity,
adult social behavior, and adult survival to measure the
extent to which adult social behavior mediates this
relationship. We do so in a wild baboon population in
Amboseli, Kenya. We find weak mediation and largely
independent effects of early adversity and adult sociality
on survival. Furthermore, strong social bonds and high
social status in adulthood can buffer some negative effects
of early adversity. These results support the idea that
affiliative social behavior is subject to natural selection
through its positive relationship with survival, and they
highlight possible targets for intervention to improve human
health and well-being.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Key = {fds370846}
}
%% Boyer, Douglas M.
@article{fds372696,
Author = {Maiolino, SA and Chester, SGB and Boyer, DM and Bloch,
JI},
Title = {Functional morphology of plesiadapiform distal phalanges and
implications for the evolution of arboreality in Paleogene
euarchontans},
Journal = {Journal of Mammalian Evolution},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {1107-1153},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-023-09677-1},
Abstract = {With a few exceptions, crown-clade Primates differ from
other arboreal mammalian clades by having nails instead of
claws on most post-axial digits. Distal phalanx morphology
of close extant and fossil relatives of crown-clade Primates
provides a context in which to study the evolution of this
characteristic feature. Plesiadapiforms are a diverse group
of extinct arboreal mammals closely related to crown-clade
Primates (together classified as total clade Pan-Primates)
that have distal phalanges that are indicative of having
supported keratinous claws, with the only documented
exception being that of Carpolestes simpsoni which may have
had a nail on its hallucal phalanx. To contextualize
morphological variation among plesiadapiform distal
phalanges, we investigated the influence of behavior and
phylogeny on post-axial distal phalanx morphology using a
broad sample of extant mammalian taxa (273 distal phalanges
from 67 species) compared to those known for plesiadapiforms
(26 specimens from 9 species). Results show that
plesiadapiform distal phalanges share characteristics with
those of both extant generalized arborealists/scansorialists
and antipronograde specialists, consistent with previous
behavioral reconstructions of frequent vertical clinging and
climbing based on other regions of the skeleton. Distal
phalanges of Plesiadapis cookei, Plesiadapis tricuspidens,
and the “Le Quesnoy plesiadapid” are most similar to
those of extant species that clasp branches between claws
and the rest of the autopod when climbing. In contrast,
known distal phalanges of micromomyids and the plesiadapoid
C. simpsoni share some similarities with those of extant
taxa that rely more heavily on grasping with digital pads
when climbing.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10914-023-09677-1},
Key = {fds372696}
}
@article{fds371724,
Author = {Boulinguez-Ambroise, G and Dunham, N and Phelps, T and Mazonas, T and Nguyen, P and Bradley-Cronkwright, M and Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Young, JW},
Title = {Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate
evolution.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {103386},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Abstract = {Morphological traits suggesting powerful jumping abilities
are characteristic of early crown primate fossils. Because
tree squirrels lack certain 'primatelike' grasping features
but frequently travel on the narrow terminal branches of
trees, they make a viable extant model for an early stage of
primate evolution. Here, we explore biomechanical
determinants of jumping performance in the arboreal Eastern
gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis, n = 3) as a greater
understanding of the biomechanical strategies that squirrels
use to modulate jumping performance could inform theories of
selection for increased jumping ability during early primate
evolution. We assessed vertical jumping performance by using
instrumented force platforms upon which were mounted
launching supports of various sizes, allowing us to test the
influence of substrate diameter on jumping kinetics and
performance. We used standard ergometric methods to quantify
jumping parameters (e.g., takeoff velocity, total
displacement, peak mechanical power) from force platform
data during push-off. We found that tree squirrels display
divergent mechanical strategies according to the type of
substrate, prioritizing force production on flat ground
versus center of mass displacement on narrower poles. As
jumping represents a significant part of the locomotor
behavior of most primates, we suggest that jumping from
small arboreal substrates may have acted as a potential
driver of the selection for elongated hindlimb segments in
primates, allowing the center of mass to be accelerated over
a longer distance-and thereby reducing the need for high
substrate reaction forces.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Key = {fds371724}
}
%% Churchill, Steven E.
@article{fds372439,
Author = {Bolter, DR and Cameron, N and Hawks, J and Churchill, SE and Berger, L and Bernstein, R and Boughner, JC and Elton, S and Leece, AB and Mahoney, P and Molopyane, K and Monson, TA and Pruetz, J and Schell, L and Stull, KE and Wolfe, CA},
Title = {Addressing the growing fossil record of subadult hominins by
reaching across disciplines.},
Journal = {Evolutionary anthropology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {4},
Pages = {180-184},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21995},
Doi = {10.1002/evan.21995},
Key = {fds372439}
}
@article{fds369843,
Author = {Grady, JH and Churchill, SE},
Title = {Projectile point morphology and penetration
performance},
Journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
Volume = {48},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103893},
Abstract = {Prehistoric pointed lithic armatures (used to tip spears,
darts, and arrows) vary considerably in mechanically-relevant
aspects of their morphology, such as tip cross-sectional
shape, cross-sectional perimeter, and cross-sectional area,
mechanical advantage, and edge sharpness. The effect of
variation in these parameters on penetration performance and
lethality, however, is poorly understood. Six 3D-printed
points that varied in cross-sectional shape, tip
cross-sectional area, tip cross-sectional perimeter,
mechanical advantage, and edge sharpness were fired into
ballistic gelatin under controlled conditions to evaluate
the importance of these variables on point performance. Tip
cross-sectional perimeter was found to have the greatest
effect on penetration depth in the gelatin, and mechanical
advantage was also significantly related to penetration.
Cross-sectional shape and tip cross-sectional area were not
significantly related to penetration depth, while edge
sharpness inversely affected penetration. These results
highlight the importance of tip cross-sectional perimeter in
the evolution of projectile point design (and reinforce its
utility as an indicator of long-range projectile weaponry in
the archeological record), but also underscore the multiple
constraints that interact when trying to design points to
maximize penetration performance, lethality, and
durability.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103893},
Key = {fds369843}
}
@article{fds375393,
Author = {Guevara, E and Gopalan, S and Massey, DJ and Adegboyega, M and Zhou, W and Solis, A and Anaya, AD and Churchill, SE and Feldblum, J and Lawler,
RR},
Title = {Getting it right: Teaching undergraduate biology to
undermine racial essentialism.},
Journal = {Biology methods & protocols},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {bpad032},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Abstract = {How we teach human genetics matters for social equity. The
biology curriculum appears to be a crucial locus of
intervention for either reinforcing or undermining students'
racial essentialist views. The Mendelian genetic models
dominating textbooks, particularly in combination with
racially inflected language sometimes used when teaching
about monogenic disorders, can increase middle and high
school students' racial essentialism and opposition to
policies to increase equity. These findings are of
particular concern given the increasing spread of racist
misinformation online and the misappropriation of human
genomics research by white supremacists, who take advantage
of low levels of genetics literacy in the general public.
Encouragingly, however, teaching updated information about
the geographical distribution of human genetic variation and
the complex, multifactorial basis of most human traits,
reduces students' endorsement of racial essentialism. The
genetics curriculum is therefore a key tool in combating
misinformation and scientific racism. Here, we describe a
framework and example teaching materials for teaching
students key concepts in genetics, human evolutionary
history, and human phenotypic variation at the undergraduate
level. This framework can be flexibly applied in biology and
anthropology classes and adjusted based on time
availability. Our goal is to provide undergraduate-level
instructors with varying levels of expertise with a set of
evidence-informed tools for teaching human genetics to
combat scientific racism, including an evolving set of
instructional resources, as well as learning goals and
pedagogical approaches. Resources can be found at
https://noto.li/YIlhZ5. Additionally, we hope to generate
conversation about integrating modern genetics into the
undergraduate curriculum, in light of recent findings about
the risks and opportunities associated with teaching
genetics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Key = {fds375393}
}
%% Drea, Christine M.
@misc{fds374278,
Author = {Bornbusch, SL and Power, ML and Schulkin, J and Drea, CM and Maslanka,
MT and Muletz-Wolz, CR},
Title = {Integrating microbiome science and evolutionary medicine
into animal health and conservation.},
Journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society},
Volume = {99},
Number = {2},
Pages = {458-477},
Year = {2024},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.13030},
Abstract = {Microbiome science has provided groundbreaking insights into
human and animal health. Similarly, evolutionary medicine -
the incorporation of eco-evolutionary concepts into
primarily human medical theory and practice - is
increasingly recognised for its novel perspectives on modern
diseases. Studies of host-microbe relationships have been
expanded beyond humans to include a wide range of animal
taxa, adding new facets to our understanding of animal
ecology, evolution, behaviour, and health. In this review,
we propose that a broader application of evolutionary
medicine, combined with microbiome science, can provide
valuable and innovative perspectives on animal care and
conservation. First, we draw on classic ecological
principles, such as alternative stable states, to propose an
eco-evolutionary framework for understanding variation in
animal microbiomes and their role in animal health and
wellbeing. With a focus on mammalian gut microbiomes, we
apply this framework to populations of animals under human
care, with particular relevance to the many animal species
that suffer diseases linked to gut microbial dysfunction
(e.g. gut distress and infection, autoimmune disorders,
obesity). We discuss diet and microbial landscapes (i.e. the
microbes in the animal's external environment), as two
factors that are (i) proposed to represent evolutionary
mismatches for captive animals, (ii) linked to gut
microbiome structure and function, and (iii) potentially
best understood from an evolutionary medicine perspective.
Keeping within our evolutionary framework, we highlight the
potential benefits - and pitfalls - of modern microbial
therapies, such as pre- and probiotics, faecal microbiota
transplants, and microbial rewilding. We discuss the
limited, yet growing, empirical evidence for the use of
microbial therapies to modulate animal gut microbiomes
beneficially. Interspersed throughout, we propose 12
actionable steps, grounded in evolutionary medicine, that
can be applied to practical animal care and management. We
encourage that these actionable steps be paired with
integration of eco-evolutionary perspectives into our
definitions of appropriate animal care standards. The
evolutionary perspectives proposed herein may be best
appreciated when applied to the broad diversity of species
under human care, rather than when solely focused on humans.
We urge animal care professionals, veterinarians,
nutritionists, scientists, and others to collaborate on
these efforts, allowing for simultaneous care of animal
patients and the generation of valuable empirical
data.},
Doi = {10.1111/brv.13030},
Key = {fds374278}
}
@misc{fds369332,
Author = {Grebe, NM and Sheikh, A and Ohannessian, L and Drea,
CM},
Title = {Effects of oxytocin receptor blockade on dyadic social
behavior in monogamous and non-monogamous
Eulemur.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {150},
Pages = {106044},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106044},
Abstract = {A prominent body of research spanning disciplines has been
focused on the potential underlying role for oxytocin in the
social signatures of monogamous mating bonds. Behavioral
differences between monogamous and non-monogamous vole
species, putatively mediated by oxytocinergic function,
constitute a key source of support for this mechanism, but
it is unclear to what extent this hormone-behavior linkage
extends to the primate order. In a preregistered experiment,
we test if oxytocin receptor blockade affects affiliative
behavior in mixed-sex pairs of Eulemur, a genus of
strepsirrhine primate containing both monogamous and
non-monogamous species. Inconsistent with past studies in
monogamous voles or monkeys, we do not find confirmatory
evidence in Eulemur that monogamous pairs affiliate more
than non-monogamous pairs, nor that oxytocin receptor
blockade of one pair member selectively corresponds to
reduced affiliative or scent-marking behavior in monogamous
species. We do, however, find exploratory evidence of a
pattern not previously investigated: simultaneously blocking
oxytocin receptors in both members of a monogamous pair
predicts lower rates of affiliative behavior relative to
controls. Our study demonstrates the value of
non-traditional animal models in challenging generalizations
based on model organisms, and of methodological reform in
providing a potential path forward for behavioral oxytocin
research.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106044},
Key = {fds369332}
}
%% Goldberg, Amy
@article{fds369942,
Author = {Hamid, I and Korunes, KL and Schrider, DR and Goldberg,
A},
Title = {Localizing Post-Admixture Adaptive Variants with Object
Detection on Ancestry-Painted Chromosomes.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {msad074},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Editor = {Rogers, R},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad074},
Abstract = {Gene flow between previously differentiated populations
during the founding of an admixed or hybrid population has
the potential to introduce adaptive alleles into the new
population. If the adaptive allele is common in one source
population, but not the other, then as the adaptive allele
rises in frequency in the admixed population, genetic
ancestry from the source containing the adaptive allele will
increase nearby as well. Patterns of genetic ancestry have
therefore been used to identify post-admixture positive
selection in humans and other animals, including examples in
immunity, metabolism, and animal coloration. A common method
identifies regions of the genome that have local ancestry
"outliers" compared with the distribution across the rest of
the genome, considering each locus independently. However,
we lack theoretical models for expected distributions of
ancestry under various demographic scenarios, resulting in
potential false positives and false negatives. Further,
ancestry patterns between distant sites are often not
independent. As a result, current methods tend to infer wide
genomic regions containing many genes as under selection,
limiting biological interpretation. Instead, we develop a
deep learning object detection method applied to images
generated from local ancestry-painted genomes. This approach
preserves information from the surrounding genomic context
and avoids potential pitfalls of user-defined summary
statistics. We find the method is robust to a variety of
demographic misspecifications using simulated data. Applied
to human genotype data from Cabo Verde, we localize a known
adaptive locus to a single narrow region compared with
multiple or long windows obtained using two other
ancestry-based methods.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msad074},
Key = {fds369942}
}
%% Guevara, Elaine E.
@article{fds373899,
Author = {Guevara, E and Gopalan, S and Massey, DJ and Adegboyega, M and Zhou, W and Solis, A and Anaya, AD and Churchill, SE and Feldblum, J and Lawler,
RR},
Title = {Getting it right: Teaching undergraduate biology to
undermine racial essentialism.},
Journal = {Biology Methods and Protocols},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {bpad032},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Abstract = {How we teach human genetics matters for social equity. The
biology curriculum appears to be a crucial locus of
intervention for either reinforcing or undermining students'
racial essentialist views. The Mendelian genetic models
dominating textbooks, particularly in combination with
racially inflected language sometimes used when teaching
about monogenic disorders, can increase middle and high
school students' racial essentialism and opposition to
policies to increase equity. These findings are of
particular concern given the increasing spread of racist
misinformation online and the misappropriation of human
genomics research by white supremacists, who take advantage
of low levels of genetics literacy in the general public.
Encouragingly, however, teaching updated information about
the geographical distribution of human genetic variation and
the complex, multifactorial basis of most human traits,
reduces students' endorsement of racial essentialism. The
genetics curriculum is therefore a key tool in combating
misinformation and scientific racism. Here, we describe a
framework and example teaching materials for teaching
students key concepts in genetics, human evolutionary
history, and human phenotypic variation at the undergraduate
level. This framework can be flexibly applied in biology and
anthropology classes and adjusted based on time
availability. Our goal is to provide undergraduate-level
instructors with varying levels of expertise with a set of
evidence-informed tools for teaching human genetics to
combat scientific racism, including an evolving set of
instructional resources, as well as learning goals and
pedagogical approaches. Resources can be found at
https://noto.li/YIlhZ5. Additionally, we hope to generate
conversation about integrating modern genetics into the
undergraduate curriculum, in light of recent findings about
the risks and opportunities associated with teaching
genetics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Key = {fds373899}
}
%% Hare, Brian
@article{fds369844,
Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler,
DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further
supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in
dogs compared to wolves raised with more human
exposure.},
Journal = {Learning & behavior},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-134},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Abstract = {Here, we address Hansen Wheat et al.'s commentary in this
journal in response to Salomons et al. Current Biology,
31(14), 3137-3144.E11, (2021). We conduct additional
analyses in response to Hansen Wheat et al.'s two main
questions. First, we examine the claim that it was the move
to a human home environment which enabled the dog puppies to
outperform the wolf puppies in gesture comprehension tasks.
We show that the youngest dog puppies who had not yet been
individually placed in raisers' homes were still highly
skilled, and outperformed similar-aged wolf puppies who had
higher levels of human interaction. Second, we address the
claim that willingness to approach a stranger can explain
the difference between dog and wolf pups' ability to succeed
in gesture comprehension tasks. We explain the various
controls in the original study that render this explanation
insufficient, and demonstrate via model comparison that the
covariance of species and temperament also make this parsing
impossible. Overall, our additional analyses and
considerations support the domestication hypothesis as laid
out by Salomons et al. Current Biology, 31(14),
3137-3144.E11, (2021).},
Doi = {10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Key = {fds369844}
}
%% Holmes, Megan A.
@article{fds375368,
Author = {Laird, MF and Kanno, CM and Yoakum, CB and Fogaça, MD and Taylor, AB and Ross, CF and Chalk-Wilayto, J and Holmes, MA and Terhune, CE and de
Oliveira, JA},
Title = {Ontogenetic changes in bite force and gape in tufted
capuchins.},
Journal = {J Exp Biol},
Volume = {226},
Number = {15},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245972},
Abstract = {Bite force and gape are two important performance metrics of
the feeding system, and these metrics are inversely related
for a given muscle size because of fundamental constraints
in sarcomere length-tension relationships. How these
competing performance metrics change in developing primates
is largely unknown. Here, we quantified in vivo bite forces
and gapes across ontogeny and examined these data in
relation to body mass and cranial measurements in captive
tufted capuchins, Sapajus spp. Bite force and gape were also
compared across geometric and mechanical properties of
mechanically challenging foods to investigate relationships
between bite force, gape and food accessibility (defined
here as the ability to breach shelled nuts). Bite forces at
a range of gapes and feeding behavioral data were collected
from a cross-sectional ontogenetic series of 20 captive and
semi-wild tufted capuchins at the Núcleo de Procriação de
Macacos-Prego Research Center in Araçatuba, Brazil. These
data were paired with body mass, photogrammetric measures of
jaw length and facial width, and food geometric and material
properties. Tufted capuchins with larger body masses had
absolutely higher in vivo bite forces and gapes, and animals
with wider faces had absolutely higher bite forces. Bite
forces and gapes were significantly smaller in juveniles
compared with subadults and adults. These are the first
primate data to empirically demonstrate the gapes at which
maximum active bite force is generated and to demonstrate
relationships to food accessibility. These data advance our
understanding of how primates meet the changing performance
demands of the feeding system during development.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.245972},
Key = {fds375368}
}
%% Kay, Richard F.
@misc{fds371042,
Author = {Morse, PE and Pampush, JD and Kay, RF},
Title = {Dental topography of the Oligocene anthropoids
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Apidium phiomense: Paleodietary
insights from analysis of wear series.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {103387},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103387},
Abstract = {Fossil primate dietary inference is enhanced when
ascertained through multiple, distinct proxies. Dental
topography can be used to assess changes in occlusal
morphology with macrowear, providing insight on tooth use
and function across the lifespans of individuals. We
measured convex Dirichlet normal energy-a dental topography
metric reflecting occlusal sharpness of features such as
cusps and crests-in macrowear series of the second
mandibular molars of two African anthropoid taxa from
∼30 Ma (Aegyptopithecus zeuxis and Apidium phiomense).
Wear was quantified via three proxies: occlusal dentine
exposure, inverse relief index, and inverse occlusal relief.
The same measurements were calculated on macrowear series of
four extant platyrrhine taxa (Alouatta, Ateles,
Plecturocebus, and Sapajus apella) to provide an analogical
framework for dietary inference in the fossil taxa. We
predicted that Ae. zeuxis and Ap. phiomense would show
similar patterns in topographic change with wear to one
another and to extant platyrrhine frugivores like Ateles and
Plecturocebus. The fossil taxa have similar distributions of
convex Dirichlet normal energy to one another, and high
amounts of concave Dirichlet normal energy 'noise' in unworn
molars-a pattern shared with extant hominids that may
distort dietary interpretations. Inverse relief index was
the most useful wear proxy for comparison among the taxa in
this study which possess disparate enamel thicknesses.
Contrary to expectations, Ae. zeuxis and Ap. phiomense both
resemble S. apella in exhibiting an initial decline in
convex Dirichlet normal energy followed by an increase at
the latest stages of wear as measured by inverse relief
index, lending support to previous suggestions that
hard-object feeding played a role in their dietary ecology.
Based on these results and previous analyses of molar
shearing quotients, microwear, and enamel microstructure, we
suggest that Ae. zeuxis had a pitheciine-like strategy of
seed predation, whereas Ap. phiomense potentially consumed
berry-like compound fruits with hard seeds.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103387},
Key = {fds371042}
}
%% Kenyon-Flatt, Brittany
@article{fds373336,
Author = {Kenyon-Flatt, B and von Cramon-Taubadel, N},
Title = {Intrageneric taxonomic distinction based on morphological
variation in the macaque (Macaca) skeleton.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Volume = {307},
Number = {1},
Pages = {118-140},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.25283},
Abstract = {Taxonomic classification is important for understanding the
natural world, yet current methods for species assessment
often focus on craniodental morphology rather than the
entire skeleton. Moreover, it is currently unknown how much
variation could, or should, exist intragenerically. Here, we
tested whether taxonomy can be accurately predicted based on
patterns of morphological variation in macaques
(H<sub>1</sub> ) and whether postcranial bones reflect
subgeneric macaque taxonomy similarly, or better, than the
cranium (H<sub>2</sub> ). Data included 3D scans of cranial
and postcranial bones for eight macaque species (Macaca
arctoides, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata, Macaca
mulatta, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca nigra, Macaca radiata,
and Macaca sylvanus). Fixed anatomical and semilandmarks
were applied to scans of eight skeletal elements
(crania = 45; mandible = 31; scapula = 66;
humerus = 38; radius = 33; os coxa = 28;
femur = 40; tibia = 40). For each skeletal element,
regression analyses were performed to minimize the effects
of sexual dimorphism. Between-groups principal components
analysis was used to visualize the major patterns of
among-species morphological variation, while the strength of
correct taxon classification was measured with discriminant
function analysis. Results suggested accepting the alternate
hypothesis that different macaque species can be
distinguished morphologically. Both cranial and many
postcranial elements appeared to possess a taxonomic signal,
and the limb bones-especially the upper limb-are reported to
be more useful for taxonomic assessment than previously
realized. Theoretically, certain behaviors and/or
ecogeographical factors, as well as phylogeny, influenced
skeletal morphology in macaques, likely contributing to
taxonomic distinctions among different species.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.25283},
Key = {fds373336}
}
%% Little, Sarah
@article{fds370605,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE and Hamilton, SE},
Title = {Leveraging mice with diverse microbial exposures for
advances in osteoimmunology},
Journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
Volume = {14},
Publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1168552},
Abstract = {<jats:p>The skeletal and immune systems are intricately
intertwined within the bone marrow microenvironment, a field
of study termed osteoimmunology. Osteoimmune interactions
are key players in bone homeostasis and remodeling. Despite
the critical role of the immune system in bone health,
virtually all animal research in osteoimmunology, and more
broadly bone biology, relies on organisms with naïve immune
systems. Drawing on insights from osteoimmunology,
evolutionary anthropology, and immunology, this perspective
proposes the use of a novel translational model: the dirty
mouse. Dirty mice, characterized by diverse exposures to
commensal and pathogenic microbes, have mature immune
systems comparable to adult humans, while the naïve immune
system of specific-pathogen free mice is akin to a neonate.
Investigation into the dirty mouse model will likely yield
important insights in our understanding of bone diseases and
disorders. A high benefit of this model is expected for
diseases known to have a connection between overactivation
of the immune system and negative bone outcomes, including
aging and osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV/AIDS,
obesity and diabetes, bone marrow metastases, and bone
cancers.</jats:p>},
Doi = {10.3389/fendo.2023.1168552},
Key = {fds370605}
}
@article{fds373372,
Author = {Little-Letsinger, SE},
Title = {Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein poorly predicts
bone mineral density: A NHANES 2017-2020
analysis.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {18},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e0288212},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288212},
Abstract = {A reliable, widely available method to detect osteoporosis
prior to fracture is needed. Serum levels of C-reactive
protein may independently predict low bone mineral density
(BMD) and high fracture risk. Existing empirical data focus
on sexually and/or racially homogenous populations. This
study tests the hypotheses that: C-reactive protein (1)
negatively correlates with BMD and (2) fracture history, and
(3) independently predicts BMD and fracture history in a
diverse population. NHANES 2017-2020 pre-pandemic cycle data
were analyzed in R studio. Strength and direction of
relationships (-1 to +1) between variables were determined
using Kendall's rank correlation coefficient (τ). Linear
models were optimized to predict femoral neck or lumbar
spine BMD. C-reactive protein positively correlated with
femoral (τ = 0.09, p<0.0001) and spine BMD (τ = 0.10,
p<0.0001). Individuals identifying as female demonstrated
more robust, but still weak, correlations between C-reactive
protein and femoral neck (τ = 0.15, p<0.0001; male, τ =
0.06, p = 0.051) and spine BMD (τ = 0.16, p<0.0001; male,
τ = 0.06, p = 0.04). C-reactive protein positively
correlated with fracture history (τ = 0.083, p = 0.0009).
C-reactive protein significantly predicted femoral neck (R2
= 0.022, p = 0.0001) and spine BMD (R2 = 0.028, p<0.0001)
and fracture history (R2 = 0.015, p<0.0001). Exploratory
analyses identified weight was the single best predictor for
femoral neck (R2 = 0.24, p<0.0001) and spine BMD (R2 = 0.21,
p<0.0001). In sum, C-reactive protein statistically
correlates with and predicts femoral neck and spine BMD, but
the magnitude is too low to be biologically meaningful.
While weight is a more robust predictor, individuals who are
overweight or obese account for nearly half of all
osteoporotic fractures, limiting the predictive power of
this variable at identifying individuals at risk for
osteoporosis. Identification of a robust predictor of
fracture risk in a diverse population and across of range of
body weights and compositions is needed.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0288212},
Key = {fds373372}
}
%% McGrosky, Amanda
@article{fds367946,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Swanson, ZS and Rimbach, R and Bethancourt, H and Ndiema, E and Nzunza, R and Braun, DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Total daily energy expenditure and elevated water turnover
in a small-scale semi-nomadic pastoralist society from
Northern Kenya.},
Journal = {Annals of human biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2310724},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Pastoralists live in challenging
environments, which may be accompanied by unique activity,
energy, and water requirements.<h4>Aim</h4>Few studies have
examined whether the demands of pastoralism contribute to
differences in total energy expenditure (TEE) and water
turnover (WT) compared to other lifestyles.<h4>Subjects and
methods</h4>Accelerometer-derived physical activity, doubly
labelled water-derived TEE and WT, and anthropometric data
were collected for 34 semi-nomadic Daasanach adults from
three northern Kenyan communities with different levels of
pastoralist activity. Daasanach TEEs and WTs were compared
to those of other small-scale and industrialised
populations.<h4>Results</h4>When modelled as a function of
fat-free-mass, fat-mass, age, and sex, TEE did not differ
between Daasanach communities. Daasanach TEE
(1564-4172 kcal/day) was not significantly correlated with
activity and 91% of TEEs were within the range expected for
individuals from comparison populations. Mean WT did not
differ between Daasanach communities; Daasanach absolute
(7.54 litres/day men; 7.46 litres/day women), mass-adjusted,
and TEE-adjusted WT was higher than most populations
worldwide.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The similar mass-adjusted TEE
of Daasanach and industrialised populations supports the
hypothesis that habitual TEE is constrained, with physically
demanding lifestyles necessitating trade-offs in energy
allocation. Elevated WT in the absence of elevated TEE
likely reflects a demanding active lifestyle in a hot, arid
climate.},
Doi = {10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Key = {fds367946}
}
@article{fds372771,
Author = {Best, AW and McGrosky, A and Swanson, Z and Rimbach, R and McConaughy,
K and McConaughy, J and Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Intake in
Continuous Multiday Ultramarathon Events.},
Journal = {International journal of sport nutrition and exercise
metabolism},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {342-348},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Abstract = {Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions are
increasingly popular and impose extreme energetic and
nutritional demands on competitors. However, few data have
been published on energy expenditure during these events.
Here, we report doubly labeled water-derived measures of
total energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) and
estimated physical activity level (PAL: total energy
expenditure/basal metabolic rate) collected from five elite
and subelite finishers (four males and one female, age 34.6
± 4.9 years)-and nutritional intake data from the
winner-of the Cocodona 250, a ∼402-km race in Arizona, and
from a fastest-known-time record (one male, age 30 years)
on the ∼1,315-km Arizona Trail. PAL during these events
exceeded four times basal metabolic rate (Cocodona range:
4.34-6.94; Arizona Trail: 5.63). Combining the results with
other doubly labeled water-derived total energy expenditure
data from ultraendurance events show a strong inverse
relationship between event duration and PAL (r2 = .68, p <
.0001). Cocodona race duration was inversely, though not
significantly, associated with PAL (r2 = .70, p = .08).
Water turnover varied widely between athletes and was not
explained by PAL or body mass. The Cocodona race winner met
∼53% of energy demand via dietary intake, 85.6% of which
was carbohydrate, while ∼47% of energy demand was met via
catabolism of body energy stores. Together, these results
illustrate the energetic deficits incurred during
competitive continuous multiday ultramarathon efforts and
implicate macronutrient absorption and/or storage as key
factors in ultramarathon performance.},
Doi = {10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Key = {fds372771}
}
@article{fds369977,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The fire of evolution: energy expenditure and ecology in
primates and other endotherms.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {226},
Number = {5},
Pages = {jeb245272},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245272},
Abstract = {Total energy expenditure (TEE) represents the total energy
allocated to growth, reproduction and body maintenance, as
well as the energy expended on physical activity. Early
experimental work in animal energetics focused on the costs
of specific tasks (basal metabolic rate, locomotion,
reproduction), while determination of TEE was limited to
estimates from activity budgets or measurements of subjects
confined to metabolic chambers. Advances in recent decades
have enabled measures of TEE in free-living animals,
challenging traditional additive approaches to understanding
animal energy budgets. Variation in lifestyle and activity
level can impact individuals' TEE on short time scales, but
interspecific differences in TEE are largely shaped by
evolution. Here, we review work on energy expenditure across
the animal kingdom, with a particular focus on endotherms,
and examine recent advances in primate energetics. Relative
to other placental mammals, primates have low TEE, which may
drive their slow pace of life and be an evolved response to
the challenges presented by their ecologies and
environments. TEE variation among hominoid primates appears
to reflect adaptive shifts in energy throughput and
allocation in response to ecological pressures. As the
taxonomic breadth and depth of TEE data expand, we will be
able to test additional hypotheses about how energy budgets
are shaped by environmental pressures and explore the more
proximal mechanisms that drive intra-specific variation in
energy expenditure.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.245272},
Key = {fds369977}
}
%% Myers, Barry S.
@booklet{Kliewer93,
Author = {M. A. Kliewer and L. Gray and J. Paver and W. D. Richardson and J. B. Vogler and J. H. Mcelhaney and B. S.
Myers},
Title = {Acute spinal ligament disruption - mr-imaging with anatomic
correlation},
Journal = {Jmri-journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
Volume = {3},
Number = {6},
Pages = {855 -- 861},
Year = {1993},
ISSN = {1053-1807},
Abstract = {Disruption of spinal ligaments can lead to instability that
jeopardizes the spinal cord and nerve roots. Magnetic
resonance (MR) imaging can directly image spinal ligaments;
however, the sensitivity with which this modality
demonstrates ligament injury has, to the authors' knowledge,
not been reported. On a biomechanical testing machine, 28
cadaveric spines were subjected to controlled injury that
resulted in ligament tears. The spines were then imaged with
plain radiography, computed tomography, and MR imaging (1.5
T). The images were analyzed for evidence of ligament injury
before dissection of the specimen. Forty-one of 52 (79\%)
ligament tears of various types were correctly identified at
MR imaging. Disruptions of the anterior and posterior
longitudinal ligaments were most conspicuous and were
detected in all seven cases in which they were present (no
false-positive or false-negative results); disruptions of
the ligamentum flavum, capsular ligaments, and interspinous
ligaments could also be identified but less reliably (three
false-positive and 11 false-negative results). That MR
imaging can reliably and directly allow assessment of spinal
ligament disruption In this in vitro model suggests its
potential utility for this assessment in
patients.},
Key = {Kliewer93}
}
%% Nunn, Charles L
@article{fds375220,
Author = {Dubrulle, J and Kauffman, K and Soarimalala, V and Randriamoria, T and Goodman, SM and Herrera, J and Nunn, C and Tortosa,
P},
Title = {Effect of habitat degradation on hantavirus infection among
introduced and endemic small mammals of Madagascar.},
Journal = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.24.573235},
Abstract = {Hantaviruses are globally distributed zoonotic pathogens
capable of causing fatal disease in humans. Rodents and
other small mammals are the typical reservoirs of
hantaviruses, though the particular host varies regionally.
Addressing the risk of hantavirus spillover from animal
reservoirs to humans requires identifying the local mammal
reservoirs and the predictors of infection in those animals,
such as their population density and habitat
characteristics. We screened native and non-native small
mammals and bats in northeastern Madagascar for hantavirus
infection to investigate the influence of habitat, including
effects of human land use on viral prevalence. We trapped
227 bats and 1663 small mammals over 5 successive years in
and around Marojejy National Park across a range of habitat
types including villages, agricultural fields, regrowth
areas, and secondary and semi-intact forests. Animals
sampled included endemic tenrecs (Tenrecidae), rodents
(Nesomyidae) and bats (6 families), along with non-native
rodents (Muridae) and shrews (Soricidae). A hantavirus
closely related to the previously described Anjozorobe virus
infected 9.5% of Rattus rattus sampled. We did not detect
hantaviruses in any other species. Habitat degradation had a
complex impact on hantavirus prevalence in our study system:
more intensive land use increase the abundance of R. rattus.
The average body size of individuals varied between
agricultural and nonagricultural land-use types, which in
turn affected infection prevalence. Smaller R.rattus had
lower probability of infection and were captured more
commonly in villages and forests. Thus, infection prevalence
was highest in agricultural areas. These findings provide
new insights to the gradients of hantavirus exposure risk
for humans in areas undergoing rapid land use
transformations associated with agricultural
practices.},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.12.24.573235},
Key = {fds375220}
}
@article{fds365838,
Author = {Werner, CS and Kasan, K and Geyer, JK and Elmasri, M and Farrell, MJ and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Using phylogeographic link-prediction in primates to
prioritize human parasite screening.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {4},
Pages = {583-594},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24604},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>The ongoing risk of emerging infectious
disease has renewed calls for understanding the origins of
zoonoses and identifying future zoonotic disease threats.
Given their close phylogenetic relatedness and geographic
overlap with humans, non-human primates (NHPs) have been the
source of many infectious diseases throughout human
evolution. NHPs harbor diverse parasites, with some
infecting only a single host species while others infect
species from multiple families.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>We applied a novel link-prediction method to
predict undocumented instances of parasite sharing between
humans and NHPs. Our model makes predictions based on
phylogenetic distances and geographic overlap among NHPs and
humans in six countries with high NHP diversity: Columbia,
Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, China and
Indonesia.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 899 human parasites
documented in the Global Infectious Diseases and
Epidemiology Network (GIDEON) database for these countries,
12% were shared with at least one other NHP species. The
link prediction model identified an additional 54 parasites
that are likely to infect humans but were not reported in
GIDEON. These parasites were mostly host generalists, yet
their phylogenetic host breadth varied substantially.<h4>Discussion</h4>As
human activities and populations encroach on NHP habitats,
opportunities for parasite sharing between human and
non-human primates will continue to increase. Our study
identifies specific infectious organisms to monitor in
countries with high NHP diversity, while the comparative
analysis of host generalism, parasite taxonomy, and
transmission mode provides insights to types of parasites
that represent high zoonotic risk.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24604},
Key = {fds365838}
}
@article{fds370084,
Author = {Evans, MV and Ramiadantsoa, T and Kauffman, K and Moody, J and Nunn, CL and Rabezara, JY and Raharimalala, P and Randriamoria, TM and Soarimalala, V and Titcomb, G and Garchitorena, A and Roche,
B},
Title = {Sociodemographic Variables Can Guide Prioritized Testing
Strategies for Epidemic Control in Resource-Limited
Contexts.},
Journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
Volume = {228},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1189-1197},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad076},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Targeted surveillance allows public
health authorities to implement testing and isolation
strategies when diagnostic resources are limited, and can be
implemented via the consideration of social network
topologies. However, it remains unclear how to implement
such surveillance and control when network data are
unavailable.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated the ability of
sociodemographic proxies of degree centrality to guide
prioritized testing of infected individuals compared to
known degree centrality. Proxies were estimated via readily
available sociodemographic variables (age, gender, marital
status, educational attainment, household size). We
simulated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) epidemics via a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered
individual-based model on 2 contact networks from rural
Madagascar to test applicability of these findings to
low-resource contexts.<h4>Results</h4>Targeted testing using
sociodemographic proxies performed similarly to targeted
testing using known degree centralities. At low testing
capacity, using proxies reduced infection burden by 22%-33%
while using 20% fewer tests, compared to random testing. By
comparison, using known degree centrality reduced the
infection burden by 31%-44% while using 26%-29% fewer
tests.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We demonstrate that incorporating
social network information into epidemic control strategies
is an effective countermeasure to low testing capacity and
can be implemented via sociodemographic proxies when social
network data are unavailable.},
Doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiad076},
Key = {fds370084}
}
@article{fds372662,
Author = {Creighton, MJA and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Explaining the primate extinction crisis: predictors of
extinction risk and active threats.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {2006},
Pages = {20231441},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1441},
Abstract = {Explaining why some species are disproportionately impacted
by the extinction crisis is of critical importance for
conservation biology as a science and for proactively
protecting species that are likely to become threatened in
the future. Using the most current data on threat status,
population trends, and threat types for 446 primate species,
we advance previous research on the determinants of
extinction risk by including a wider array of phenotypic
traits as predictors, filling gaps in these trait data using
multiple imputation, and investigating the mechanisms that
connect organismal traits to extinction risk. Our Bayesian
phylogenetically controlled analyses reveal that insular
species exhibit higher threat status, while those that are
more omnivorous and live in larger groups have lower threat
status. The same traits are not linked to risk when
repeating our analyses with older IUCN data, which may
suggest that the traits influencing species risk are
changing as anthropogenic effects continue to transform
natural landscapes. We also show that non-insular,
larger-bodied, and arboreal species are more susceptible to
key threats responsible for primate population declines.
Collectively, these results provide new insights to the
determinants of primate extinction and identify the
mechanisms (i.e. threats) that link traits to extinction
risk.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.1441},
Key = {fds372662}
}
@article{fds369334,
Author = {Herrera, JP and Moody, J and Nunn, CL},
Title = {Predicting primate-parasite associations using exponential
random graph models.},
Journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
Volume = {92},
Number = {3},
Pages = {710-722},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13883},
Abstract = {Ecological associations between hosts and parasites are
influenced by host exposure and susceptibility to parasites,
and by parasite traits, such as transmission mode. Advances
in network analysis allow us to answer questions about the
causes and consequences of traits in ecological networks in
ways that could not be addressed in the past. We used a
network-based framework (exponential random graph models or
ERGMs) to investigate the biogeographic, phylogenetic and
ecological characteristics of hosts and parasites that
affect the probability of interactions among nonhuman
primates and their parasites. Parasites included arthropods,
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and helminths. We
investigated existing hypotheses, along with new predictors
and an expanded host-parasite database that included 213
primate nodes, 763 parasite nodes and 2319 edges among them.
Analyses also investigated phylogenetic relatedness,
sampling effort and spatial overlap among hosts. In addition
to supporting some previous findings, our ERGM approach
demonstrated that more threatened hosts had fewer parasites,
and notably, that this effect was independent of hosts also
having a smaller geographic range. Despite having fewer
parasites, threatened host species shared more parasites
with other hosts, consistent with loss of specialist
parasites and threat arising from generalist parasites that
can be maintained in other, non-threatened hosts. Viruses,
protozoa and helminths had broader host ranges than
bacteria, or fungi, and parasites that infect non-primates
had a higher probability of infecting more primate species.
The value of the ERGM approach for investigating the
processes structing host-parasite networks provided a more
complete view on the biogeographic, phylogenetic and
ecological traits that influence parasite species richness
and parasite sharing among hosts. The results supported some
previous analyses and revealed new associations that warrant
future research, thus revealing how hosts and parasites
interact to form ecological networks.},
Doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13883},
Key = {fds369334}
}
@article{fds369845,
Author = {Nunn, CL},
Title = {COVID-19 and Evolution, Medicine, and Public
Health.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {41-43},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad002},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoad002},
Key = {fds369845}
}
%% Pontzer, Herman
@article{fds375873,
Author = {Sercel, AJ and Sturm, G and Gallagher, D and St-Onge, M-P and Kempes,
CP and Pontzer, H and Hirano, M and Picard, M},
Title = {Hypermetabolism and energetic constraints in mitochondrial
disorders.},
Journal = {Nature metabolism},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {192-195},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00968-8},
Doi = {10.1038/s42255-023-00968-8},
Key = {fds375873}
}
@article{fds376281,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Swanson, ZS and Rimbach, R and Bethancourt, H and Ndiema, E and Nzunza, R and Braun, DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Total daily energy expenditure and elevated water turnover
in a small-scale semi-nomadic pastoralist society from
Northern Kenya.},
Journal = {Annals of human biology},
Volume = {51},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2310724},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Pastoralists live in challenging
environments, which may be accompanied by unique activity,
energy, and water requirements.<h4>Aim</h4>Few studies have
examined whether the demands of pastoralism contribute to
differences in total energy expenditure (TEE) and water
turnover (WT) compared to other lifestyles.<h4>Subjects and
methods</h4>Accelerometer-derived physical activity, doubly
labelled water-derived TEE and WT, and anthropometric data
were collected for 34 semi-nomadic Daasanach adults from
three northern Kenyan communities with different levels of
pastoralist activity. Daasanach TEEs and WTs were compared
to those of other small-scale and industrialised
populations.<h4>Results</h4>When modelled as a function of
fat-free-mass, fat-mass, age, and sex, TEE did not differ
between Daasanach communities. Daasanach TEE
(1564-4172 kcal/day) was not significantly correlated with
activity and 91% of TEEs were within the range expected for
individuals from comparison populations. Mean WT did not
differ between Daasanach communities; Daasanach absolute
(7.54 litres/day men; 7.46 litres/day women), mass-adjusted,
and TEE-adjusted WT was higher than most populations
worldwide.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The similar mass-adjusted TEE
of Daasanach and industrialised populations supports the
hypothesis that habitual TEE is constrained, with physically
demanding lifestyles necessitating trade-offs in energy
allocation. Elevated WT in the absence of elevated TEE
likely reflects a demanding active lifestyle in a hot, arid
climate.},
Doi = {10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724},
Key = {fds376281}
}
@article{fds373335,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Increased physical activity is not related to markers of
cardiometabolic health in two lemur species.},
Journal = {American journal of primatology},
Volume = {86},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e23564},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23564},
Abstract = {Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for
cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart
disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively
affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical
activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health
are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We
investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15
adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's
sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center
during a period of low activity in winter when the animals
were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period
of high activity when individuals were free-ranging in
large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass,
blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol,
physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy
expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in
ring-tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both
species were more active and had a lower body mass in
summer. Ring-tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower
triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher
triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased
their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals
that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in
HDL-cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in
activity were not associated with changes in markers of
metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both
unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was
associated with lower activity in both species, and
decreased glucose in ring-tailed lemurs, but was otherwise
unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring-tailed lemurs,
adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but
the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence
metabolic health or TEE in these populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajp.23564},
Key = {fds373335}
}
@article{fds374541,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Correction: 'A unified theory for the energy cost of legged
locomotion' (2016), by Pontzer.},
Journal = {Biology letters},
Volume = {19},
Number = {12},
Pages = {20230492},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0492},
Doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2023.0492},
Key = {fds374541}
}
@article{fds371433,
Author = {Trumble, BC and Pontzer, H and Stieglitz, J and Cummings, DK and Wood,
B and Emery Thompson and M and Raichlen, D and Beheim, B and Yetish, G and Kaplan, H and Gurven, M},
Title = {Energetic costs of testosterone in two subsistence
populations.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {35},
Number = {11},
Pages = {e23949},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23949},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>Testosterone plays a role in mediating
energetic trade-offs between growth, maintenance, and
reproduction. Investments in a high testosterone phenotype
trade-off against other functions, particularly
survival-enhancing immune function and cellular repair; thus
only individuals in good condition can maintain both a high
testosterone phenotype and somatic maintenance. While these
effects are observed in experimental manipulations, they are
difficult to demonstrate in free-living animals,
particularly in humans. We hypothesize that individuals with
higher testosterone will have higher energetic expenditures
than those with lower testosterone.<h4>Methods</h4>Total
energetic expenditure (TEE) was quantified using doubly
labeled water in n = 40 Tsimane forager-horticulturalists
(50% male, 18-87 years) and n = 11 Hadza
hunter-gatherers (100% male, 18-65 years), two populations
living subsistence lifestyles, high levels of physical
activity, and high infectious burden. Urinary testosterone,
TEE, body composition, and physical activity were measured
to assess potential physical and behavioral costs associated
with a high testosterone phenotype.<h4>Results</h4>Endogenous
male testosterone was significantly associated with
energetic expenditure, controlling for fat free mass; a one
standard deviation increase in testosterone is associated
with the expenditure of an additional 96-240 calories per
day.<h4>Discussion</h4>These results suggest that a high
testosterone phenotype, while beneficial for male
reproduction, is also energetically expensive and likely
only possible to maintain in healthy males in robust
condition.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23949},
Key = {fds371433}
}
@article{fds372440,
Author = {Dolan, E and Koehler, K and Areta, J and Longman, DP and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Energy constraint and compensation: Insights from endurance
athletes.},
Journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &
integrative physiology},
Volume = {285},
Pages = {111500},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111500},
Abstract = {The Constrained Model of Total Energy Expenditure predicts
that increased physical activity may not influence total
energy expenditure, but instead, induces compensatory
energetic savings in other processes. Much remains unknown,
however, about concepts of energy expenditure, constraint
and compensation in different populations, and it is unclear
whether this model applies to endurance athletes, who expend
very large amounts of energy during training and
competition. Furthermore, it is well-established that some
endurance athletes consciously or unconsciously fail to meet
their energy requirements via adequate food intake, thus
exacerbating the extent of energetic stress that they
experience. Within this review we A) Describe unique
characteristics of endurance athletes that render them a
useful model to investigate energy constraints and
compensations, B) Consider the factors that may combine to
constrain activity and total energy expenditure, and C)
Describe compensations that occur when activity energy
expenditure is high and unmet by adequate energy intake. Our
main conclusions are as follows: A) Higher activity levels,
as observed in endurance athletes, may indeed increase total
energy expenditure, albeit to a lesser degree than may be
predicted by an additive model, given that some compensation
is likely to occur; B) That while a range of factors may
combine to constrain sustained high activity levels, the
ability to ingest, digest, absorb and deliver sufficient
calories from food to the working muscle is likely the
primary determinant in most situations and C) That energetic
compensation that occurs in the face of high activity
expenditure may be primarily driven by low energy
availability i.e., the amount of energy available for all
biological processes after the demands of exercise have been
met, and not by activity expenditure per
se.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111500},
Key = {fds372440}
}
@article{fds372769,
Author = {Sayre, MK and Anyawire, M and Paolo, B and Mabulla, AZP and Pontzer, H and Wood, BM and Raichlen, DA},
Title = {Lifestyle and patterns of physical activity in Hadza
foragers.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {3},
Pages = {340-356},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24846},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Physically active lifestyles are
associated with several health benefits. Physical activity
(PA) levels are low in post-industrial populations, but
generally high throughout life in subsistence populations.
The Hadza are a subsistence-oriented foraging population in
Tanzania known for being physically active, but it is
unknown how recent increases in market integration may have
altered their PA patterns. In this study, we examine PA
patterns for Hadza women and men who engage in different
amounts of traditional foraging.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>One hundred and seventy seven Hadza participants
(51% female, 19-87 years) wore an Axivity accelerometer
(dominant wrist) for ~6 days during dry season months. We
evaluated the effects of age, sex, and lifestyle measures on
four PA measures that capture different aspects of the PA
profile.<h4>Results</h4>Participants engaged in high levels
of both moderate-intensity PA and inactivity. Although PA
levels were negatively associated with age, older
participants were still highly active. We found no
differences in PA between participants living in more
traditional "bush" camps and those living in more settled
"village" camps. Mobility was positively associated with
step counts for female participants, and schooling was
positively associated with inactive time for male
participants.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The similarity in PA
patterns between Hadza participants in different camp types
suggests that high PA levels characterize subsistence
lifestyles generally. The sex-based difference in the
effects of mobility and schooling on PA could be a
reflection of the Hadza's gender-based division of labor, or
indicate that changes to subsistence-oriented lifestyles
impact women and men in different ways.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24846},
Key = {fds372769}
}
@article{fds372770,
Author = {Best, AW and McGrosky, A and Swanson, Z and Rimbach, R and McConaughy,
K and McConaughy, J and Ocobock, C and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Total Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Intake in
Continuous Multiday Ultramarathon Events.},
Journal = {International journal of sport nutrition and exercise
metabolism},
Volume = {33},
Number = {6},
Pages = {342-348},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Abstract = {Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions are
increasingly popular and impose extreme energetic and
nutritional demands on competitors. However, few data have
been published on energy expenditure during these events.
Here, we report doubly labeled water-derived measures of
total energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) and
estimated physical activity level (PAL: total energy
expenditure/basal metabolic rate) collected from five elite
and subelite finishers (four males and one female, age 34.6
± 4.9 years)-and nutritional intake data from the
winner-of the Cocodona 250, a ∼402-km race in Arizona, and
from a fastest-known-time record (one male, age 30 years)
on the ∼1,315-km Arizona Trail. PAL during these events
exceeded four times basal metabolic rate (Cocodona range:
4.34-6.94; Arizona Trail: 5.63). Combining the results with
other doubly labeled water-derived total energy expenditure
data from ultraendurance events show a strong inverse
relationship between event duration and PAL (r2 = .68, p <
.0001). Cocodona race duration was inversely, though not
significantly, associated with PAL (r2 = .70, p = .08).
Water turnover varied widely between athletes and was not
explained by PAL or body mass. The Cocodona race winner met
∼53% of energy demand via dietary intake, 85.6% of which
was carbohydrate, while ∼47% of energy demand was met via
catabolism of body energy stores. Together, these results
illustrate the energetic deficits incurred during
competitive continuous multiday ultramarathon efforts and
implicate macronutrient absorption and/or storage as key
factors in ultramarathon performance.},
Doi = {10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0063},
Key = {fds372770}
}
@article{fds372663,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {The provisioned primate: patterns of obesity across lemurs,
monkeys, apes and humans.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {378},
Number = {1888},
Pages = {20220218},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0218},
Abstract = {Non-human primates are potentially informative but
underutilized species for investigating obesity. I examined
patterns of obesity across the Primate order, calculating
the ratio of body mass in captivity to that in the wild.
This index, relative body mass, for <i>n</i> = 40 non-human
primates (mean ± s.d.: females: 1.28 ± 0.30, range
0.67-1.78, males: 1.24 ± 0.28, range 0.70-1.97) overlapped
with a reference value for humans (women: 1.52, men: 1.44).
Among non-human primates, relative body mass was unrelated
to dietary niche, and was marginally greater among female
cohorts of terrestrial species. Males and females had
similar relative body masses, but species with greater
sexual size dimorphism (male/female mass) in wild
populations had comparatively larger female body mass in
captivity. Provisioned populations in wild and free-ranging
settings had similar relative body mass to those in research
facilities and zoos. Compared to the wild, captive diets are
unlikely to be low in protein or fat, or high in
carbohydrate, suggesting these macronutrients are not
driving overeating in captive populations. Several primate
species, including chimpanzees, a sister-species to humans,
had relative body masses similar to humans. Humans are not
unique in the propensity to overweight and obesity. This
article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of
obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part
II)'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0218},
Key = {fds372663}
}
@article{fds372255,
Author = {Speakman, JR and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Quantifying physical activity energy expenditure based on
doubly labelled water and basal metabolism calorimetry: what
are we actually measuring?},
Journal = {Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic
care},
Volume = {26},
Number = {5},
Pages = {401-408},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mco.0000000000000937},
Abstract = {<h4>Purpose of review</h4>Physical activity impacts energy
balance because of its contribution to total energy
expenditure. Measuring physical activity energy expenditure
(PAEE) is often performed by subtracting the estimated
24 h expenditure on basal metabolism (called basal energy
expenditure or BEE) from the total energy expenditure (TEE)
measured by doubly labelled water minus an estimate of the
thermic effect of food (TEF). Alternatively it can be
measured as the ratio of TEE/BEE, which is commonly called
the physical activity level (PAL).<h4>Recent
findings</h4>PAEE and PAL are widely used in the literature
but their shortcomings are seldom addressed. In this review,
we outline some of the issues with their
use.<h4>Summary</h4>TEE and BEE are both measured with
error. The estimate of PAEE by difference magnifies these
errors and consequently the precision of estimated PAEE is
about 3× worse than TEE and 25-35× worse than BEE. A
second problem is that the component called PAEE is actually
any component of TEE that is not BEE. We highlight how the
diurnal variation of BEE, thermoregulatory expenditure and
elevations of RMR because of stress will all be part of what
is called PAEE and will contribute to a disconnect between
what is measured and what energy expenditure is a
consequence of physical activity. We emphasize caution
should be exerted when interpreting these measurements of
PAEE and PAL.},
Doi = {10.1097/mco.0000000000000937},
Key = {fds372255}
}
@article{fds373008,
Author = {Lea, AJ and Clark, AG and Dahl, AW and Devinsky, O and Garcia, AR and Golden, CD and Kamau, J and Kraft, TS and Lim, YAL and Martins, DJ and Mogoi, D and Pajukanta, P and Perry, GH and Pontzer, H and Trumble, BC and Urlacher, SS and Venkataraman, VV and Wallace, IJ and Gurven, M and Lieberman, DE and Ayroles, JF},
Title = {Applying an evolutionary mismatch framework to understand
disease susceptibility.},
Journal = {PLoS biology},
Volume = {21},
Number = {9},
Pages = {e3002311},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002311},
Abstract = {Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide.
Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are
among a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare
throughout human history but are now common. The
evolutionary mismatch hypothesis posits that humans evolved
in environments that radically differ from those we
currently experience; consequently, traits that were once
advantageous may now be "mismatched" and disease causing. At
the genetic level, this hypothesis predicts that loci with a
history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment"
(GxE) interactions, with different health effects in
"ancestral" versus "modern" environments. To identify such
loci, we advocate for combining genomic tools in partnership
with subsistence-level groups experiencing rapid lifestyle
change. In these populations, comparisons of individuals
falling on opposite extremes of the "matched" to
"mismatched" spectrum are uniquely possible. More broadly,
the work we propose will inform our understanding of
environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across
diverse ancestries and cultures.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002311},
Key = {fds373008}
}
@article{fds368054,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Bethancourt, HJ and Saunders, J and Mutindwa, F and Ndiema, E and Braun, DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer,
H},
Title = {Early childhood growth in Daasanach pastoralists of Northern
Kenya: Distinct patterns of faltering in linear growth and
weight gain.},
Journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of
the Human Biology Council},
Volume = {35},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e23842},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23842},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Investigations of early childhood growth
among small-scale populations are essential for
understanding human life history variation and enhancing the
ability to serve such communities through global public
health initiatives. This study characterizes early childhood
growth trajectories and identifies differences in growth
patterns relative to international references among
Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralist children living in a hot,
arid region of northern Kenya.<h4>Methods</h4>A large sample
of height and weight measures were collected from children
(N = 1756; total observations = 4508;
age = 0-5 years) between 2018 and 2020. Daasanach growth
was compared to international reference standards and
Daasanach-specific centile growth curves and pseudo-velocity
models were generated using generalized additive models for
location scale and size.<h4>Results</h4>Compared to World
Health Organization (WHO) reference, relatively few
Daasanach children were stunted (14.3%), while a large
proportion were underweight (38.5%) and wasted (53.6%).
Additionally, Daasanach children had a distinctive pattern
of growth, marked by an increase in linear growth velocity
after 24 months of age and relatively high linear growth
velocity throughout the rest of early childhood.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These
results identify a unique pattern of early childhood growth
faltering among children in a small-scale population and may
reflect a thermoregulatory adaptation to their hot, arid
environment. As linear growth and weight gain remain
important indicators of health, the results of this study
provide insight into growth velocity variations. This study
has important implications for global public health efforts
to identify and address sources of early growth faltering
and undernutrition in small-scale populations.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23842},
Key = {fds368054}
}
@article{fds374096,
Author = {Speakman, JR and de Jong, JMA and Sinha, S and Westerterp, KR and Yamada, Y and Sagayama, H and Ainslie, PN and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Bedu-Addo, K and Blanc, S and Bonomi, AG and Bovet, P and Brage, S and Buchowski, MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SGJA and Cooper, JA and Cooper,
R and Das, SK and Davies, PSW and Dugas, LR and Ekelund, U and Entringer,
S and Forrester, T and Fudge, BW and Gillingham, M and Ghosh, S and Goris,
AH and Gurven, M and Halsey, LG and Hambly, C and Haisma, HH and Hoffman,
D and Hu, S and Joosen, AM and Kaplan, JL and Katzmarzyk, P and Kraus, WE and Kushner, RF and Leonard, WR and Löf, M and Martin, CK and Matsiko, E and Medin, AC and Meijer, EP and Neuhouser, ML and Nicklas, TA and Ojiambo,
RM and Pietiläinen, KH and Plange-Rhule, J and Plasqui, G and Prentice,
RL and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Ravussin, E and Redman, LM and Roberts, SB and Rudolph, MC and Sardinha, LB and Schuit, AJ and Silva,
AM and Stice, E and Urlacher, SS and Valenti, G and Van Etten and LM and Van
Mil, EA and Wood, BM and Yanovski, JA and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Kurpad, A and Luke, AH and Pontzer,
H and Rodeheffer, MS and Rood, J and Schoeller, DA and Wong,
WW},
Title = {Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past
three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not
reduced activity expenditure.},
Journal = {Nat Metab},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {579-588},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2},
Abstract = {Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance1,2.
Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced
activity levels contributes is debated3,4. Here we show that
in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for
body composition and age declined since the late 1980s,
while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over
time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly
Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in
the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore
patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE:
n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure
(n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased
significantly, but in females this did not reach
significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate
(equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163
studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE
in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the
United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by
reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We
identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously
unrecognized factor.},
Doi = {10.1038/s42255-023-00782-2},
Key = {fds374096}
}
@article{fds369976,
Author = {McGrosky, A and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The fire of evolution: energy expenditure and ecology in
primates and other endotherms.},
Journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
Volume = {226},
Number = {5},
Pages = {jeb245272},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245272},
Abstract = {Total energy expenditure (TEE) represents the total energy
allocated to growth, reproduction and body maintenance, as
well as the energy expended on physical activity. Early
experimental work in animal energetics focused on the costs
of specific tasks (basal metabolic rate, locomotion,
reproduction), while determination of TEE was limited to
estimates from activity budgets or measurements of subjects
confined to metabolic chambers. Advances in recent decades
have enabled measures of TEE in free-living animals,
challenging traditional additive approaches to understanding
animal energy budgets. Variation in lifestyle and activity
level can impact individuals' TEE on short time scales, but
interspecific differences in TEE are largely shaped by
evolution. Here, we review work on energy expenditure across
the animal kingdom, with a particular focus on endotherms,
and examine recent advances in primate energetics. Relative
to other placental mammals, primates have low TEE, which may
drive their slow pace of life and be an evolved response to
the challenges presented by their ecologies and
environments. TEE variation among hominoid primates appears
to reflect adaptive shifts in energy throughput and
allocation in response to ecological pressures. As the
taxonomic breadth and depth of TEE data expand, we will be
able to test additional hypotheses about how energy budgets
are shaped by environmental pressures and explore the more
proximal mechanisms that drive intra-specific variation in
energy expenditure.},
Doi = {10.1242/jeb.245272},
Key = {fds369976}
}
@article{fds368299,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Exercise is essential for health but a poor tool for weight
loss: a reply to Allison and colleagues.},
Journal = {International journal of obesity (2005)},
Volume = {47},
Number = {2},
Pages = {98-99},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01248-3},
Doi = {10.1038/s41366-022-01248-3},
Key = {fds368299}
}
@article{fds369846,
Author = {Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Impact of energy availability and physical activity on
variation in fertility across human populations.},
Journal = {Journal of physiological anthropology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Abstract = {Human reproduction is energetically costly, even more so
than other primates. In this review, we consider how the
energy cost of physical activity impacts reproductive tasks.
Daily energy expenditure appears to be constrained, leading
to trade-offs between activity and reproduction expenditures
in physically active populations. High workloads can lead to
suppression of basal metabolic rate and low gestational
weight gain during pregnancy and longer interbirth
intervals. These responses lead to variation in fertility,
including age at first reproduction and interbirth interval.
The influence of energetics is evident even in
industrialized populations, where cultural and economic
factors predominate. With the decoupling of skills
acquisition from food procurement, extrasomatic resources
and investment in individual offspring becomes very costly.
The result is greater investment in fewer offspring. We
present a summary of age at first reproduction and
interbirth interval trends across a diverse, global sample
representing 44 countries and two natural fertility
populations. While economic factors impact fertility, women
in energy-rich, industrialized populations are capable of
greater reproductive output than women in energy-stressed
populations. Thus, energetic factors can be disentangled
from cultural and economic impacts on fertility. Future
research should focus on objective measurements of energy
intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in a
broader sample of populations to elucidate the role of
energetics in shaping reproductive outcomes and
health.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Key = {fds369846}
}
@article{fds367802,
Author = {Rimbach, R and Butler, G and Gupte, PR and Jäger, J and Parker, C and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Gray squirrels consume anthropogenic food waste most often
during winter.},
Journal = {Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde},
Volume = {103},
Number = {1},
Pages = {69-81},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3},
Abstract = {Urban habitats provide wildlife with predictable, easily
accessible and abundant food sources in the form of human
food waste. Urban eastern gray squirrels (<i>Sciurus
carolinensis</i>) are commonly observed feeding in trash
bins, but we lack data regarding the type, quantity and
seasonal changes in food waste usage. We observed five trash
bins on an urban university campus during four different
observation periods. We recorded the time squirrels spent on
and inside trash bins and type of retrieved food items. We
also recorded ambient temperature, human presence and trash
bin filling. Moreover, we determined changes in squirrel
population density in a natural and three anthropogenic
habitats during the same periods. Trash bins were fuller
when human presence was higher. The higher human presence,
the more squirrels went on and inside the bin, but there was
no effect on number of retrieved food items. Trash bin usage
by squirrels decreased when ambient temperature and bin
filling increased. Most food items were retrieved during the
coldest observation period, a period of high human presence,
and the majority of retrieved food items were starchy foods
(e.g., bread, French fries). The relationship between the
number of squirrels observed along transects and a measure
of urbanization, the normalized difference built-up index,
was negative in periods with high ambient temperatures and
positive in periods with low ambient temperatures,
indicating winter may be less challenging in urban areas,
likely facilitated by the availability of anthropogenic food
sources, allowing a higher level of activity throughout
winter.<h4>Supplementary information</h4>The online version
contains supplementary material available at
10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3.},
Doi = {10.1007/s42991-022-00326-3},
Key = {fds367802}
}
@article{fds367920,
Author = {Ford, LB and Bethancourt, HJ and Swanson, ZS and Nzunza, R and Wutich,
A and Brewis, A and Young, S and Almeida, DM and Douglass, M and Ndiema,
EK and Braun, DR and Pontzer, H and Rosinger, AY},
Title = {Water insecurity, water borrowing and psychosocial stress
among Daasanach pastoralists in northern
Kenya},
Journal = {Water International},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-86},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2022.2138050},
Abstract = {This article quantifies Daasanach water insecurity
experiences in northern Kenya, examines how water insecurity
is associated with water borrowing and psychosocial stress,
and evaluates if water borrowing mitigates the stress from
water insecurity. Of 133 households interviewed in seven
communities, 94.0% were water insecure and 74.4% borrowed
water three or more times in the prior month. Regression
analyses demonstrate water-borrowing frequency moderates the
relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial
stress. Only those who rarely or never borrowed water
reported greater stress with higher water insecurity. The
coping mechanism of water borrowing may help blunt water
insecurity-related stress.},
Doi = {10.1080/02508060.2022.2138050},
Key = {fds367920}
}
@article{fds373952,
Author = {Swanson, ZS and Bethancourt, H and Nzunza, R and Ndiema, E and Braun,
DR and Rosinger, AY and Pontzer, H},
Title = {The effects of lifestyle change on indicators of
cardiometabolic health in semi-nomadic pastoralists.},
Journal = {Evolution, medicine, and public health},
Volume = {11},
Number = {1},
Pages = {318-331},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoad030},
Abstract = {<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Non-communicable disease
risk and the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases continue
to grow across the expanding industrialized world. Probing
the relationships between evolved human physiology and
modern socioecological conditions is central to
understanding this health crisis. Therefore, we investigated
the relationships between increased market access, shifting
subsistence patterns and cardiometabolic health indicators
within Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists who vary in their
engagement in traditional lifestyle and emerging market
behaviors.<h4>Methodology</h4>We conducted cross-sectional
socioecological, demographic and lifestyle stressor surveys
along with health, biomarker and nutrition examinations
among 225 (51.6% female) Daasanach adults in 2019-2020. We
used linear mixed-effects models to test how differing
levels of engagement in market integration and traditional
subsistence activities related to blood pressure (BP), body
composition and blood chemistry.<h4>Results</h4>We found
that systolic and diastolic BP, as well as the probability
of having high BP (hypertension), were negatively associated
with distance to market, a proxy for market integration.
Additionally, body composition varied significantly by
socioeconomic status (SES), with significant positive
associations between BMI and body fat and higher SES among
adults.<h4>Conclusions and implications</h4>While evidence
for evolutionary mismatch and health variation have been
found across a number of populations affected by an
urban/rural divide, these results demonstrate the effects of
market integration and sedentarization on cardiometabolic
health associated with the early stages of lifestyle
changes. Our findings provide evidence for the changes in
health when small-scale populations begin the processes of
sedentarization and market integration that result from
myriad market pressures.},
Doi = {10.1093/emph/eoad030},
Key = {fds373952}
}
@article{fds374951,
Author = {Parker, CH and Sadhir, S and Swanson, Z and McGrosky, A and Hinz, E and Urlacher, SS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effect of influenza vaccination on resting metabolic rate
and c-reactive protein concentrations in healthy young
adults.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {18},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0295540},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Chronic immune activation and severe
inflammatory states are positively associated with resting
metabolic rate (RMR; kcal/day), but the impacts of mild
immune stimuli on metabolism are poorly understood. This
study investigates the within-individual association between
the inflammatory response to influenza vaccination and RMR
in young adults.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated RMRs through
indirect calorimetry and circulating c-reactive protein
(CRP) concentrations (mg/L)-a direct measure of
inflammation-via high-sensitivity immunoassays of dried
blood spots (n = 17) at baseline and two- and seven-days
post-vaccine. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were
used to evaluate the magnitude of the CRP and RMR responses.
Type II Wald chi-square tests of linear mixed-effect models
assessed whether those responses were correlated.<h4>Results</h4>Baseline
CRP was 1.39 ± 1.26 mg/L. On day two post-vaccine, CRP
increased by 1.47 ± 1.37 mg/L (p < 0.0001), representing a
106% increase above baseline values. CRP remained higher on
day seven post-vaccine, 1.32 ± 2.47 mg/L (p = 0.05) above
baseline values. There were no statistically significant
changes in RMR from baseline to day two (p = 0.98) or day
seven (p = 0.21). Change in CRP from baseline did not
predict RMR variation across days (p = 0.46).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We
find no evidence that adult influenza vaccination results in
a corresponding increase in RMR. These results suggest that
the energetic cost of an influenza vaccine's mild
inflammatory stimulus is either too small to detect or is
largely compensated by a temporary downregulation of energy
allocated to other metabolic tasks.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Key = {fds374951}
}
@misc{fds374604,
Author = {Pontzer, H},
Title = {Evolutionary Changes in Physical Activity, Diet, and Energy
Expenditure: Implications for the Prevention of
Obesity},
Volume = {2},
Pages = {11-17},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Obesity - Volume 2: Clinical Applications, Fifth
Edition},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781032551081},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003432807-3},
Abstract = {Obesity and related metabolic diseases are recent phenomena,
products of our increasingly industrialized world. Our
Paleolithic hunter-gatherer ancestors and the subsistence
farming communities that succeeded them were largely
protected from these diseases. Here, we discuss how our
evolutionary legacy as hunter-gatherers leaves us vulnerable
to obesity and cardiometabolic disease in industrialized
societies. Hunting and gathering, as well as subsistence
farming, require high levels of daily physical activity.
Hunter-gatherer diets are remarkably variable across time
and geography, but typically include a balance of plant and
animal foods. Human physiology is therefore adapted to high
levels of daily physical activity and a wide range of diets.
The sedentary behavior and heavily processed foods typical
of modern societies are evolutionarily novel and promote
poor health. Exercise is essential for cardiometabolic
health but is less effective as a weight loss tool, and
societal changes in physical activity do not appear to have
contributed substantially to the modern obesity pandemic.
Instead, recent changes in diet, particularly the growing
prevalence of ultra-processed foods, have likely been the
primary societal drivers of the obesity pandemic.},
Doi = {10.1201/9781003432807-3},
Key = {fds374604}
}
%% Pusey, Anne
@article{fds371700,
Author = {Mouginot, M and Cheng, L and Wilson, ML and Feldblum, JT and Städele,
V and Wroblewski, EE and Vigilant, L and Hahn, BH and Li, Y and Gilby, IC and Pusey, AE and Surbeck, M},
Title = {Reproductive inequality among males in the genus
Pan.},
Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences},
Volume = {378},
Number = {1883},
Pages = {20220301},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0301},
Abstract = {Reproductive inequality, or reproductive skew, drives
natural selection, but has been difficult to assess,
particularly for males in species with promiscuous mating
and slow life histories, such as bonobos (<i>Pan
paniscus</i>) and chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>).
Although bonobos are often portrayed as more egalitarian
than chimpanzees, genetic studies have found high male
reproductive skew in bonobos. Here, we discuss mechanisms
likely to affect male reproductive skew in <i>Pan</i>, then
re-examine skew patterns using paternity data from published
work and new data from the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve,
Democratic Republic of Congo and Gombe National Park,
Tanzania. Using the multinomial index (<i>M</i>), we found
considerable overlap in skew between the species, but the
highest skew occurred among bonobos. Additionally, for two
of three bonobo communities, but no chimpanzee communities,
the highest ranking male had greater siring success than
predicted by priority-of-access. Thus, an expanded dataset
covering a broader demographic range confirms that bonobos
have high male reproductive skew. Detailed comparison of
data from <i>Pan</i> highlights that reproductive skew
models should consider male-male dynamics including the
effect of between-group competition on incentives for
reproductive concessions, but also female grouping patterns
and factors related to male-female dynamics including the
expression of female choice. This article is part of the
theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0301},
Key = {fds371700}
}
@article{fds371292,
Author = {Bonnin, N and Piel, AK and Brown, RP and Li, Y and Connell, AJ and Avitto,
AN and Boubli, JP and Chitayat, A and Giles, J and Gundlapally, MS and Lipende, I and Lonsdorf, EV and Mjungu, D and Mwacha, D and Pintea, L and Pusey, AE and Raphael, J and Wich, SA and Wilson, ML and Wroblewski, EE and Hahn, BH and Stewart, FA},
Title = {Barriers to chimpanzee gene flow at the south-east edge of
their distribution.},
Journal = {Molecular Ecology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {14},
Pages = {3842-3858},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16986},
Abstract = {Populations on the edge of a species' distribution may
represent an important source of adaptive diversity, yet
these populations tend to be more fragmented and are more
likely to be geographically isolated. Lack of genetic
exchanges between such populations, due to barriers to
animal movement, can not only compromise adaptive potential
but also lead to the fixation of deleterious alleles. The
south-eastern edge of chimpanzee distribution is
particularly fragmented, and conflicting hypotheses have
been proposed about population connectivity and viability.
To address this uncertainty, we generated both mitochondrial
and MiSeq-based microsatellite genotypes for 290 individuals
ranging across western Tanzania. While shared mitochondrial
haplotypes confirmed historical gene flow, our
microsatellite analyses revealed two distinct clusters,
suggesting two populations currently isolated from one
another. However, we found evidence of high levels of gene
flow maintained within each of these clusters, one of which
covers an 18,000 km<sup>2</sup> ecosystem. Landscape
genetic analyses confirmed the presence of barriers to gene
flow with rivers and bare habitats highly restricting
chimpanzee movement. Our study demonstrates how advances in
sequencing technologies, combined with the development of
landscape genetics approaches, can resolve ambiguities in
the genetic history of critical populations and better
inform conservation efforts of endangered
species.},
Doi = {10.1111/mec.16986},
Key = {fds371292}
}
@article{fds370863,
Author = {Ross, CT and Hooper, PL and Smith, JE and Jaeggi, AV and Smith, EA and Gavrilets, S and Zohora, FT and Ziker, J and Xygalatas, D and Wroblewski, EE and Wood, B and Winterhalder, B and Willführ, KP and Willard, AK and Walker, K and von Rueden, C and Voland, E and Valeggia,
C and Vaitla, B and Urlacher, S and Towner, M and Sum, C-Y and Sugiyama,
LS and Strier, KB and Starkweather, K and Major-Smith, D and Shenk, M and Sear, R and Seabright, E and Schacht, R and Scelza, B and Scaggs, S and Salerno, J and Revilla-Minaya, C and Redhead, D and Pusey, A and Purzycki, BG and Power, EA and Pisor, A and Pettay, J and Perry, S and Page, AE and Pacheco-Cobos, L and Oths, K and Oh, S-Y and Nolin, D and Nettle, D and Moya, C and Migliano, AB and Mertens, KJ and McNamara, RA and McElreath, R and Mattison, S and Massengill, E and Marlowe, F and Madimenos, F and Macfarlan, S and Lummaa, V and Lizarralde, R and Liu,
R and Liebert, MA and Lew-Levy, S and Leslie, P and Lanning, J and Kramer,
K and Koster, J and Kaplan, HS and Jamsranjav, B and Hurtado, AM and Hill,
K and Hewlett, B and Helle, S and Headland, T and Headland, J and Gurven,
M and Grimalda, G and Greaves, R and Golden, CD and Godoy, I and Gibson, M and Mouden, CE and Dyble, M and Draper, P and Downey, S and DeMarco, AL and Davis, HE and Crabtree, S and Cortez, C and Colleran, H and Cohen, E and Clark, G and Clark, J and Caudell, MA and Carminito, CE and Bunce, J and Boyette, A and Bowles, S and Blumenfield, T and Beheim, B and Beckerman,
S and Atkinson, Q and Apicella, C and Alam, N and Mulder,
MB},
Title = {Reproductive inequality in humans and other
mammals.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {120},
Number = {22},
Pages = {e2220124120},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220124120},
Abstract = {To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine
where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution
of reproductive inequality. We show that humans exhibit
lower reproductive skew (i.e., inequality in the number of
surviving offspring) among males and smaller sex differences
in reproductive skew than most other mammals, while
nevertheless falling within the mammalian range.
Additionally, female reproductive skew is higher in
polygynous human populations than in polygynous nonhumans
mammals on average. This patterning of skew can be
attributed in part to the prevalence of monogamy in humans
compared to the predominance of polygyny in nonhuman
mammals, to the limited degree of polygyny in the human
societies that practice it, and to the importance of
unequally held rival resources to women's fitness. The muted
reproductive inequality observed in humans appears to be
linked to several unusual characteristics of our
species-including high levels of cooperation among males,
high dependence on unequally held rival resources,
complementarities between maternal and paternal investment,
as well as social and legal institutions that enforce
monogamous norms.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2220124120},
Key = {fds370863}
}
@article{fds370926,
Author = {Weiss, A and Feldblum, JT and Altschul, DM and Collins, DA and Kamenya,
S and Mjungu, D and Foerster, S and Gilby, IC and Wilson, ML and Pusey,
AE},
Title = {Personality traits, rank attainment, and siring success
throughout the lives of male chimpanzees of Gombe National
Park.},
Journal = {Peerj},
Volume = {11},
Pages = {e15083},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15083},
Abstract = {Personality traits in many taxa correlate with fitness.
Several models have been developed to try to explain how
variation in these traits is maintained. One model proposes
that variation persists because it is linked to trade-offs
between current and future adaptive benefits. Tests of this
model's predictions, however, are scant in long-lived
species. To test this model, we studied male chimpanzees
living in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We operationalized
six personality traits using ratings on 19 items. We used 37
years of behavioral and genetic data to assemble (1) daily
rank scores generated from submissive vocalizations and (2)
records of male siring success. We tested whether the
association between two personality traits, Dominance and
Conscientiousness, and either rank or reproductive success,
varied over the life course. Higher Dominance and lower
Conscientiousness were associated with higher rank, but the
size and direction of these relationships did not vary over
the life course. In addition, independent of rank at the
time of siring, higher Dominance and lower Conscientiousness
were related to higher siring success. Again, the size and
direction of these relationships did not vary over the life
course. The trade-off model, therefore, may not hold in
long-lived and/or slowly reproducing species. These findings
also demonstrate that ratings are a valid way to measure
animal personality; they are related to rank and
reproductive success. These traits could therefore be used
to test alternative models, including one that posits that
personality variation is maintained by environmental
heterogeneity, in studies of multiple chimpanzee
communities.},
Doi = {10.7717/peerj.15083},
Key = {fds370926}
}
%% Sadhir, Srishti
@article{fds369686,
Author = {Sadhir, S and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Impact of energy availability and physical activity on
variation in fertility across human populations.},
Journal = {Journal of physiological anthropology},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Abstract = {Human reproduction is energetically costly, even more so
than other primates. In this review, we consider how the
energy cost of physical activity impacts reproductive tasks.
Daily energy expenditure appears to be constrained, leading
to trade-offs between activity and reproduction expenditures
in physically active populations. High workloads can lead to
suppression of basal metabolic rate and low gestational
weight gain during pregnancy and longer interbirth
intervals. These responses lead to variation in fertility,
including age at first reproduction and interbirth interval.
The influence of energetics is evident even in
industrialized populations, where cultural and economic
factors predominate. With the decoupling of skills
acquisition from food procurement, extrasomatic resources
and investment in individual offspring becomes very costly.
The result is greater investment in fewer offspring. We
present a summary of age at first reproduction and
interbirth interval trends across a diverse, global sample
representing 44 countries and two natural fertility
populations. While economic factors impact fertility, women
in energy-rich, industrialized populations are capable of
greater reproductive output than women in energy-stressed
populations. Thus, energetic factors can be disentangled
from cultural and economic impacts on fertility. Future
research should focus on objective measurements of energy
intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in a
broader sample of populations to elucidate the role of
energetics in shaping reproductive outcomes and
health.},
Doi = {10.1186/s40101-023-00318-3},
Key = {fds369686}
}
@article{fds374542,
Author = {Parker, CH and Sadhir, S and Swanson, Z and McGrosky, A and Hinz, E and Urlacher, SS and Pontzer, H},
Title = {Effect of influenza vaccination on resting metabolic rate
and c-reactive protein concentrations in healthy young
adults.},
Journal = {PloS one},
Volume = {18},
Number = {12},
Pages = {e0295540},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Chronic immune activation and severe
inflammatory states are positively associated with resting
metabolic rate (RMR; kcal/day), but the impacts of mild
immune stimuli on metabolism are poorly understood. This
study investigates the within-individual association between
the inflammatory response to influenza vaccination and RMR
in young adults.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated RMRs through
indirect calorimetry and circulating c-reactive protein
(CRP) concentrations (mg/L)-a direct measure of
inflammation-via high-sensitivity immunoassays of dried
blood spots (n = 17) at baseline and two- and seven-days
post-vaccine. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were
used to evaluate the magnitude of the CRP and RMR responses.
Type II Wald chi-square tests of linear mixed-effect models
assessed whether those responses were correlated.<h4>Results</h4>Baseline
CRP was 1.39 ± 1.26 mg/L. On day two post-vaccine, CRP
increased by 1.47 ± 1.37 mg/L (p < 0.0001), representing a
106% increase above baseline values. CRP remained higher on
day seven post-vaccine, 1.32 ± 2.47 mg/L (p = 0.05) above
baseline values. There were no statistically significant
changes in RMR from baseline to day two (p = 0.98) or day
seven (p = 0.21). Change in CRP from baseline did not
predict RMR variation across days (p = 0.46).<h4>Conclusions</h4>We
find no evidence that adult influenza vaccination results in
a corresponding increase in RMR. These results suggest that
the energetic cost of an influenza vaccine's mild
inflammatory stimulus is either too small to detect or is
largely compensated by a temporary downregulation of energy
allocated to other metabolic tasks.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0295540},
Key = {fds374542}
}
%% Salomons, Hannah
@article{fds369685,
Author = {Salomons, H and Smith, KCM and Callahan-Beckel, M and Callahan, M and Levy, K and Kennedy, BS and Bray, EE and Gnanadesikan, GE and Horschler,
DJ and Gruen, M and Tan, J and White, P and vonHoldt, BM and MacLean, EL and Hare, B},
Title = {Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further
supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in
dogs compared to wolves raised with more human
exposure.},
Journal = {Learning & Behavior},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {131-134},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Abstract = {Here, we address Hansen Wheat et al.'s commentary in this
journal in response to Salomons et al. Current Biology,
31(14), 3137-3144.E11, (2021). We conduct additional
analyses in response to Hansen Wheat et al.'s two main
questions. First, we examine the claim that it was the move
to a human home environment which enabled the dog puppies to
outperform the wolf puppies in gesture comprehension tasks.
We show that the youngest dog puppies who had not yet been
individually placed in raisers' homes were still highly
skilled, and outperformed similar-aged wolf puppies who had
higher levels of human interaction. Second, we address the
claim that willingness to approach a stranger can explain
the difference between dog and wolf pups' ability to succeed
in gesture comprehension tasks. We explain the various
controls in the original study that render this explanation
insufficient, and demonstrate via model comparison that the
covariance of species and temperament also make this parsing
impossible. Overall, our additional analyses and
considerations support the domestication hypothesis as laid
out by Salomons et al. Current Biology, 31(14),
3137-3144.E11, (2021).},
Doi = {10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2},
Key = {fds369685}
}
%% Schmitt, Daniel O.
@article{fds376019,
Author = {Schmitt, D and Sparling, TL and Queen, RM},
Title = {The effect of total ankle arthroplasty on mechanical energy
exchange.},
Journal = {Journal of biomechanics},
Volume = {164},
Pages = {111941},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111941},
Abstract = {Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a common surgical solution
for patients with debilitating arthritis of the ankle. Prior
to surgery patients experience high levels of pain and
fatigue and low mechanical energy recovery. It is not known
if TAA restores healthy levels of mechanical energy recovery
in this patient population. This study was designed to
determine whether mechanical energy recovery was restored
following TAA. Ground reaction forces during self-selected
speed walking were collected from patients with symptomatic,
unilateral ankle arthritis (N = 29) before and one and two
years after primary, unilateral TAA. The exchange of
potential (PE) and kinetic (KE) energy was examined, and
direction of change (%congruity) and energy exchange
(%recovery) between the two curves was calculated, with
those subjects with low congruity experiencing high energy
recovery. Linear regressions were used to examine the impact
of walking speed, congruity, and amplitude of the center of
mass (COM) displacement on %recovery, while ANOVA and ANCOVA
models were used to compare energy recovery and congruity
across the three time points. Gender, BMI, and age at
surgery had no effect in this study. TAA improved walking
speed (p = 0.001), increased energy recovery
(p = 0.020), and decreased congruity (p = 0.002), and
these levels were maintained over at least two years.
Differences in congruity were independent of walking speed.
In some patients, especially those who are severely
debilitated by ankle arthritis, TAA is effective in
restoring mechanical energy recovery to levels similar to an
asymptomatic population of a similar age recorded by other
studies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111941},
Key = {fds376019}
}
@article{fds370862,
Author = {Boulinguez-Ambroise, G and Dunham, N and Phelps, T and Mazonas, T and Nguyen, P and Bradley-Cronkwright, M and Boyer, DM and Yapuncich, GS and Zeininger, A and Schmitt, D and Young, JW},
Title = {Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate
evolution.},
Journal = {J Hum Evol},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {103386},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Abstract = {Morphological traits suggesting powerful jumping abilities
are characteristic of early crown primate fossils. Because
tree squirrels lack certain 'primatelike' grasping features
but frequently travel on the narrow terminal branches of
trees, they make a viable extant model for an early stage of
primate evolution. Here, we explore biomechanical
determinants of jumping performance in the arboreal Eastern
gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis, n = 3) as a greater
understanding of the biomechanical strategies that squirrels
use to modulate jumping performance could inform theories of
selection for increased jumping ability during early primate
evolution. We assessed vertical jumping performance by using
instrumented force platforms upon which were mounted
launching supports of various sizes, allowing us to test the
influence of substrate diameter on jumping kinetics and
performance. We used standard ergometric methods to quantify
jumping parameters (e.g., takeoff velocity, total
displacement, peak mechanical power) from force platform
data during push-off. We found that tree squirrels display
divergent mechanical strategies according to the type of
substrate, prioritizing force production on flat ground
versus center of mass displacement on narrower poles. As
jumping represents a significant part of the locomotor
behavior of most primates, we suggest that jumping from
small arboreal substrates may have acted as a potential
driver of the selection for elongated hindlimb segments in
primates, allowing the center of mass to be accelerated over
a longer distance-and thereby reducing the need for high
substrate reaction forces.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386},
Key = {fds370862}
}
@article{fds371432,
Author = {Queen, RM and Schmitt, D},
Title = {Reflections on Presurgical and Postsurgical Gait Mechanics
After 50 Years of Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Perspectives
on the Next Decade of Advancement.},
Journal = {Foot and ankle clinics},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-113},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2022.10.005},
Abstract = {Although not the most prevalent form of lower limb
pathology, ankle arthritis is one of the most painful and
life-limiting forms of arthritis. Developing from overuse
and various traumatic injuries, the effect of ankle
arthritis on gait mechanics and effective treatment options
for ankle arthritis remain an area of extensive inquiry.
Although nonsurgical options are common (physical therapy,
limited weight-bearing, and steroidal injections), surgical
options are popular with patients. Fusion remains a common
approach to stabilize the joint and relieve pain. However,
starting in the early 1970s, total ankle arthroplasty was
proposed as an alternative to fusion.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.fcl.2022.10.005},
Key = {fds371432}
}
@article{fds369333,
Author = {Garrett, SG and Simmons Muckler and VC and Schmitt, DO and Hartwell, EH and Thompson, JA and Falyar, CR},
Title = {Improving Anesthesia Providers' Needle Cricothyrotomy
Success With Ultrasound-Guidance: A Cadave Quality
Improvement Project.},
Journal = {AANA journal},
Volume = {91},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-21},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
Abstract = {Difficult and failed airway management remains a significant
cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Failed
airway management guidelines include performing a
cricothyrotomy as a final step. Correct identification of
the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) is essential for safe and
accurate cricothyrotomy execution. Ten certified registered
nurse anesthetists were assessed for ultrasound-guided (USG)
needle cricothyrotomy competency following an online and
hands-on education session using a human cadaver and then
assessed 60 days later, without additional education or
preparation. Both knowledge and confidence improved
significantly when assessed immediately after education (P <
.05) and were maintained when assessed 60 days later.
Overall skill performance declined slightly from
post-training although the decline was not statistically
significant (P = .373). Overall needle placement time and
distance from the CTM improved, despite improper transducer
and image orientation by most participants. A one-hour
hybrid educational program can significantly improve
ultrasound and cricothyrotomy knowledge and confidence for
60 days. Transducer orientation may not be a significant
contributor to performing proper USG needle
cricothyrotomy.},
Key = {fds369333}
}
%% Selig, Keegan R.
@article{fds376240,
Author = {Selig, KR and López-Torres, S and Burrows, AM and Silcox, MT and Meng,
J},
Title = {Dental caries in living and extinct strepsirrhines with
insights into diet.},
Journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.25420},
Abstract = {Dental caries is one of the most common diseases afflicting
modern humans and occurs in both living and extinct
non-human primates, as well as other mammalian species.
Compared to other primates, less is known about the etiology
or frequency of caries among the Strepsirrhini. Given the
link between caries and diet, caries frequency may be
informative about the dietary ecology of a given animal.
Understanding rates of caries in wild populations is also
critical to assessing dental health in captive populations.
Here, we examine caries frequency in a sample of 36 extant
strepsirrhine species (n = 316 individuals) using
odontological collections of wild-, non-captive animals
housed at the American Museum of Natural History by counting
the number of specimens characterized by the disease.
Additionally, in the context of studying caries lesions in
strepsirrhines, case studies were also conducted to test if
similar lesions were found in their fossil relatives. In
particular, two fossil strepsirrhine species were analyzed:
the earliest Late Eocene Karanisia clarki, and the subfossil
lemur Megaladapis madagascariensis. Our results suggest that
caries affects 13.92% of the extant individuals we examined.
The frugivorous and folivorous taxa were characterized by
the highest overall frequency of caries, whereas the
insectivores, gummivores, and omnivores had much lower
caries frequencies. Our results suggest that caries may be
common among wild populations of strepsirrhines, and in fact
is more prevalent than in many catarrhines and platyrrhines.
These findings have important implications for understanding
caries, diet, and health in living and fossil
taxa.},
Doi = {10.1002/ar.25420},
Key = {fds376240}
}
@article{fds375221,
Author = {Selig, KR},
Title = {Hypoconulid loss in cercopithecins: Functional and
developmental considerations.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {187},
Pages = {103479},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103479},
Abstract = {Cercopithecins differ from papionins in lacking a
M<sub>3</sub> hypoconulid. Although this loss may be related
to dietary differences, the functional and developmental
ramifications of hypoconulid loss are currently unclear. The
following makes use of dental topographic analysis to
quantify shape variation in a sample of cercopithecin
M<sub>3</sub>s, as well as in a sample of Macaca, which has
a hypoconulid. To help understand the consequences of
hypoconulid loss, Macaca M<sub>3</sub>s were virtually
cropped to remove the hypoconulid and were also subjected to
dental topographic analysis. The patterning cascade model
and the inhibitory cascade model attempt to explain
variation in cusp pattern and molar proportions,
respectively. These models have both previously been used to
explain patterns of variation in cercopithecines, but have
not been examined in the context of hypoconulid loss. For
example, previous work suggests that earlier developing
cusps impact the development of later developing cusps
(i.e., the hypoconulid) and that cercopithecines do not
conform to the predictions of the inhibitory cascade model
in that the size of the molars is not linear moving
distally. Results of the current study suggest that the loss
of the hypoconulid is associated with a reduction in dental
topography among cercopithecins, which is potentially
related to diet, although the connection to diet is not
necessarily clear. Results also suggest that the loss of the
hypoconulid can be explained by the patterning cascade
model, and that hypoconulid loss explains the apparent lack
of support for the inhibitory cascade model among
cercopithecines. These findings highlight the importance of
a holistic approach to studying variation in molar
proportions and developmental models.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103479},
Key = {fds375221}
}
@article{fds371619,
Author = {Selig, KR},
Title = {Form, function, and tissue proportions of the mustelid
carnassial molar},
Journal = {Mammal Research},
Volume = {68},
Number = {4},
Pages = {637-646},
Publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-023-00705-2},
Abstract = {Mustelids are an ecologically diverse group of mammals that
span several dietary niches. Compared to other mammalian
clades, however, less is known about how the morphology of
the dentition reflects these dietary differences. The
following examines dental form in the beech marten (Martes
foina), the river otter (Lontra canadensis), the wolverine
(Gulo gulo), and the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Lower
carnassial molar morphology is examined using methods for
dental topographic analysis, enamel thickness measurement,
and pulp volume measurement to assess this form-function
relationship. It is predicted that mustelids will covary in
their dental form with their diet, where dental topography
will reflect the reliance on tough or soft foods, enamel
thickness will vary as a product of hard-object feeding, and
pulp volume will vary as a product of dietary
abrasiveness/hard-object feeding. Results suggest that
mustelid dental form reflects the dietary ecology of each
species; however, pulp volume does not covary with diet as
it does in anthropoid primates, for example. These animals
represent a morphocline of increasing specialization in
carnassial form leading from the plesiomorphic marten to the
highly specialized sea otter. These results provide further
evidence of convergence among mammals where molar form is
largely driven by diet. These results also provide insight
into how taxa such as the sea otter and wolverine are
adapted to dealing with diets that include bivalves and
bones, respectively, through decreased dental topography and
thickened enamel.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13364-023-00705-2},
Key = {fds371619}
}
%% Simons, Elwyn L.
@article{fds185143,
Title = {Seiffert E.R., Simons E.L., & Attia Y. (2003) Fossil
evidence for an ancient divergence of lorises and galagos.
Nature 422: 421-424. PDF
Simons E.L. (2001) The cranium of Parapithecus
grangeri, an Egyptian Oligocene anthropoidean primate. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 98: 7892-7897.
Simons E.L., Seiffert E.R., Chatrath P.S., &
Attia Y. (2001) Earliest record of a parapithecid anthropoid
from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, northern Egypt. Folia
Primatol. 72: 316-331.
Seiffert E.R. & Simons E.L. (2001) Astragalar
morphology of late Eocene anthropoids from the Fayum
Depression (Egypt) and the origin of catarrhine primates. J.
Hum. Evol. 41: 577-605.
Seiffert E.R., Simons E.L., & Fleagle J.G.
(2000) Anthropoid humeri from the late Eocene of Egypt.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 97: 10062-10067.
Simons E.L. & Seiffert E.R.
(1999) A partial skeleton of Proteopithecus sylviae
(Primates, Anthropoidea): First associated dental and
postcranial remains of an Eocene anthropoidean. C. R. Acad.
Sci. II 329: 921-927.
Simons E.L., Plavcan J.M., & Fleagle J.G.
(1999) Canine sexual dimorphism in Egyptian Eocene
anthropoid primates: Catopithecus and Proteopithecus. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 96: 2559-2562.
Simons E.L. (1998) The prosimian fauna of the
Fayum Eocene/Oligocene deposits of Egypt. Folia Primatol.
69: (Suppl. 1): 286-294.
Simons E.L. (1997) Preliminary description of
the cranium of Proteopithecus sylviae, an Egyptian late
Eocene anthropoidean primate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A.
94: 14970-14975.
Simons
E.L. & Rasmussen D.T. (1996) Skull of Catopithecus browni,
an early Tertiary catarrhine. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 100:
261-292.
Wunderlich R.E.,
Simons E.L., & Jungers W.L. (1996) New pedal remains of
Megaladapis and their functional significance. Am. J. Phys.
Anthropol. 100: 115-138. },
Key = {fds185143}
}
%% Solis, Alma
@article{fds376641,
Author = {Guevara, E and Gopalan, S and Massey, DJ and Adegboyega, M and Zhou, W and Solis, A and Anaya, AD and Churchill, SE and Feldblum, J and Lawler,
RR},
Title = {Getting it right: Teaching undergraduate biology to
undermine racial essentialism.},
Journal = {Biology methods & protocols},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {bpad032},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Abstract = {How we teach human genetics matters for social equity. The
biology curriculum appears to be a crucial locus of
intervention for either reinforcing or undermining students'
racial essentialist views. The Mendelian genetic models
dominating textbooks, particularly in combination with
racially inflected language sometimes used when teaching
about monogenic disorders, can increase middle and high
school students' racial essentialism and opposition to
policies to increase equity. These findings are of
particular concern given the increasing spread of racist
misinformation online and the misappropriation of human
genomics research by white supremacists, who take advantage
of low levels of genetics literacy in the general public.
Encouragingly, however, teaching updated information about
the geographical distribution of human genetic variation and
the complex, multifactorial basis of most human traits,
reduces students' endorsement of racial essentialism. The
genetics curriculum is therefore a key tool in combating
misinformation and scientific racism. Here, we describe a
framework and example teaching materials for teaching
students key concepts in genetics, human evolutionary
history, and human phenotypic variation at the undergraduate
level. This framework can be flexibly applied in biology and
anthropology classes and adjusted based on time
availability. Our goal is to provide undergraduate-level
instructors with varying levels of expertise with a set of
evidence-informed tools for teaching human genetics to
combat scientific racism, including an evolving set of
instructional resources, as well as learning goals and
pedagogical approaches. Resources can be found at
https://noto.li/YIlhZ5. Additionally, we hope to generate
conversation about integrating modern genetics into the
undergraduate curriculum, in light of recent findings about
the risks and opportunities associated with teaching
genetics.},
Doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad032},
Key = {fds376641}
}
%% Struhsaker, Thomas T
@article{fds374908,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Angedakin, S and Butynski, TM and Gogarten, JF and Mitani, JC and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Correction: Primate population dynamics in Ngogo, Kibale
National Park, Uganda, over nearly five decades.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {65},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-136},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01110-8},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-023-01110-8},
Key = {fds374908}
}
@article{fds372695,
Author = {Chapman, CA and Angedakin, S and Butynski, TM and Gogarten, JF and Mitani, JC and Struhsaker, TT},
Title = {Primate population dynamics in Ngogo, Kibale National Park,
Uganda, over nearly five decades.},
Journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {6},
Pages = {609-620},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-023-01087-4},
Abstract = {Many anthropogenic-driven changes, such as hunting, have
clear and immediate negative impacts on wild primate
populations, but others, like climate change, may take
generations to become evident. Thus, informed conservation
plans will require decades of population monitoring. Here,
we expand the duration of monitoring of the diurnal primates
at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda, from 32.9 to 47
years. Over the 3531 censuses that covered 15,340 km, we
encountered 2767 primate groups. Correlation analyses using
blocks of 25 census walks indicate that encounters with
groups of black and white colobus, blue monkeys, and baboons
neither increased nor decreased significantly over time,
while encounters with groups of redtail monkeys and
chimpanzees marginally increased. Encounters with mangabeys
and L'Hoesti monkeys increased significantly, while red
colobus encounters dramatically decreased. Detailed studies
of specific groups at Ngogo document changes in abundances
that were not always well represented in the censuses
because these groups expanded into areas away from the
transect, such as nearby regenerating forest. For example,
the chimpanzee population increased steadily over the last
2 + decades but this increase is not revealed by our
census data because the chimpanzees expanded, mainly to the
west of the transect. This highlights that extrapolating
population trends to large areas based on censuses at single
locations should be done with extreme caution, as forests
change over time and space, and primates adapt to these
changes in several ways.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10329-023-01087-4},
Key = {fds372695}
}
%% Terborgh, John W.
@article{fds370317,
Author = {Pak, D and Swamy, V and Alvarez-Loayza, P and Cornejo-Valverde, F and Queenborough, SA and Metz, MR and Terborgh, J and Valencia, R and Wright, SJ and Garwood, NC and Lasky, JR},
Title = {Multiscale phenological niches of seed fall in diverse
Amazonian plant communities.},
Journal = {Ecology},
Volume = {104},
Number = {5},
Pages = {e4022},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4022},
Abstract = {Phenology has long been hypothesized as an avenue for niche
partitioning or interspecific facilitation, both promoting
species coexistence. Tropical plant communities exhibit
striking diversity in reproductive phenology, but many are
also noted for large synchronous reproductive events. Here
we study whether the phenology of seed fall in such
communities is nonrandom, the temporal scales of
phenological patterns, and ecological factors that drive
reproductive phenology. We applied multivariate wavelet
analysis to test for phenological synchrony versus
compensatory dynamics (i.e., antisynchronous patterns where
one species' decline is compensated by the rise of another)
among species and across temporal scales. We used data from
long-term seed rain monitoring of hyperdiverse plant
communities in the western Amazon. We found significant
synchronous whole-community phenology at multiple
timescales, consistent with shared environmental responses
or positive interactions among species. We also observed
both compensatory and synchronous phenology within groups of
species (confamilials) likely to share traits and seed
dispersal mechanisms. Wind-dispersed species exhibited
significant synchrony at ~6-month scales, suggesting these
species might share phenological niches to match the
seasonality of wind. Our results suggest that community
phenology is shaped by shared environmental responses but
that the diversity of tropical plant phenology may partly
result from temporal niche partitioning. The
scale-specificity and time-localized nature of community
phenology patterns highlights the importance of multiple and
shifting drivers of phenology.},
Doi = {10.1002/ecy.4022},
Key = {fds370317}
}
@article{fds368587,
Author = {Terborgh, J},
Title = {The ‘island syndrome’ is an alternative
state},
Journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
Volume = {50},
Number = {3},
Pages = {467-475},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2023},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14530},
Abstract = {Aim: In the half-century since publication of the Theory of
Island Biology, ecologists have come to recognize the
importance of predation as a decisive determinant of
alternate states in many ecosystems. Island species are
notorious for their vulnerability to introduced predators,
yet the strength of island predator regimes has not been
fully incorporated into our understanding of the forces that
structure island consumer communities. Location: The Greater
and Lesser Antilles. Taxon: Birds and Anolis lizards.
Methods: Field surveys of sclerophyll and rainforest sites
on islands ranging in size from 3.5 km2 Terre-de-Haut to
76,000 km2 Hispaniola. Results: Evidence gathered in the
1970s and 1980s shows that Antillean anoles live at higher
densities on fewer resources, grow more slowly, reproduce
later and live longer than mainland counterparts in
conformity with the ‘island syndrome’. Data from this
period show that Antillean bird communities display density
overcompensation, community saturation, size-structured
foraging guilds, low species diversity and low species
packing, all traits consistent with the island syndrome and
a regime of low predation and intense competition. Mainland
species and communities display none of these features. Main
conclusions: I propose that the island syndrome is an
alternative state that distinguishes low-predation island
communities from high-predation mainland counterparts. It
follows that strong mainland predation regimes tend to
prevent island species from colonizing. Conversely,
invasion-resistant, size-structured island communities,
despite low species diversity, prevent mainland species from
colonizing islands. These predictions are experimentally
testable with Anolis lizards and, if confirmed, could set
island biogeography on a new course.},
Doi = {10.1111/jbi.14530},
Key = {fds368587}
}
@article{fds368927,
Author = {Martínez, AE and Ponciano, JM and Gomez, JP and Valqui, T and Novoa, J and Antezana, M and Biscarra, G and Camerlenghi, E and Carnes, BH and Huayanca Munarriz and R and Parra, E and Plummer, IM and Fitzpatrick,
JW and Robinson, SK and Socolar, JB and Terborgh,
J},
Title = {The structure and organisation of an Amazonian bird
community remains little changed after nearly four decades
in Manu National Park.},
Journal = {Ecology Letters},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {335-346},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.14159},
Abstract = {Documenting patterns of spatiotemporal change in
hyper-diverse communities remains a challenge for tropical
ecology yet is increasingly urgent as some long-term studies
have shown major declines in bird communities in undisturbed
sites. In 1982, Terborgh et al. quantified the structure and
organisation of the bird community in a 97-ha. plot in
southeastern Peru. We revisited the same plot in 2018 using
the same methodologies as the original study to evaluate
community-wide changes. Contrary to longitudinal studies of
other neotropical bird communities (Tiputini, Manaus, and
Panama), we found little change in community structure and
organisation, with increases in 5, decreases in 2 and no
change in 7 foraging guilds. This apparent stability
suggests that large forest reserves such as the Manu
National Park, possibly due to regional topographical
influences on precipitation, still provide the conditions
for establishing refugia from at least some of the effects
of global change on bird communities.},
Doi = {10.1111/ele.14159},
Key = {fds368927}
}
@article{fds369712,
Author = {Pos, E and de Souza Coelho and L and de Andrade Lima Filho and D and Salomão, RP and Amaral, IL and de Almeida Matos and FD and Castilho,
CV and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and de Jesus Veiga Carim and M and López, DC and Magnusson, WE and Wittmann, F and Irume, MV and Martins,
MP and Sabatier, D and da Silva Guimarães, JR and Molino, J-F and Bánki, OS and Piedade, MTF and Pitman, NCA and Mendoza, AM and Ramos,
JF and Hawes, JE and Almeida, EJ and Barbosa, LF and Cavalheiro, L and Dos
Santos, MCV and Luize, BG and de Leão Novo and EMM and Vargas, PN and Silva, TSF and Venticinque, EM and Manzatto, AG and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, J and Casula, KR and Coronado, ENH and Montero, JC and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Feldpausch, TR and Duque, A and Baraloto, C and Arboleda, NC and Engel, J and Petronelli, P and Zartman,
CE and Killeen, TJ and Vasquez, R and Mostacedo, B and Assis, RL and Schöngart, J and Castellanos, H and de Medeiros, MB and Simon, MF and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Demarchi, LO and Laurance, WF and Laurance, SGW and de Sousa Farias and E and Lopes, MA and Magalhães,
JLL and Nascimento, HEM and de Queiroz, HL and Aymard, GAC and Brienen,
R and Revilla, JDC and Costa, FRC and Quaresma, A and Vieira, ICG and Cintra, BBL and Stevenson, PR and Feitosa, YO and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón, HF and Ferreira, LV and Comiskey, JA and Draper, F and de
Toledo, JJ and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Lopes, A and Vicentini, A and Noronha, JC and Barbosa, FR and de Sá
Carpanedo, R and Emilio, T and Levis, C and de Jesus Rodrigues and D and Schietti, J and Souza, P and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Gomes, VHF and Lloyd, J and Neill, D and de Aguiar, DPP and Araujo-Murakami, A and Arroyo, L and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and do Amaral, DD and Feeley, KJ and Gribel, R and Pansonato, MP and Barlow, J and Berenguer,
E and Ferreira, J and Fine, PVA and Guedes, MC and Jimenez, EM and Licona,
JC and Mora, MCP and Peres, CA and Zegarra, BEV and Cerón, C and Henkel,
TW and Maas, P and Silveira, M and Stropp, J and Thomas-Caesar, R and Baker, TR and Daly, D and Dexter, KG and Householder, JE and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I and Pennington, T and Paredes, MR and Fuentes, A and Pena, JLM and Silman, MR and Tello, JS and Chave, J and Valverde, FC and Di Fiore and A and Hilário, RR and Phillips, JF and Rivas-Torres, G and van Andel, TR and von Hildebrand, P and Barbosa,
EM and de Matos Bonates and LC and Doza, HPD and Fonty, É and Gómez, RZ and Gonzales, T and Gonzales, GPG and Guillaumet, J-L and Hoffman, B and Junqueira, AB and Malhi, Y and de Andrade Miranda and IP and Pinto, LFM and Prieto, A and Rudas, A and Ruschel, AR and Silva, N and Vela, CIA and Vos,
VA and Zent, EL and Zent, S and Albuquerque, BW and Cano, A and Correa, DF and Costa, JBP and Flores, BM and Holmgren, M and Nascimento, MT and Oliveira, AA and Ramirez-Angulo, H and Rocha, M and Scudeller, VV and Sierra, R and Tirado, M and Umaña, MN and van der Heijden, G and Torre,
EV and Vriesendorp, C and Wang, O and Young, KR and Reategui, MAA and Baider, C and Balslev, H and Cárdenas, S and Casas, LF and Farfan-Rios,
W and Ferreira, C and Linares-Palomino, R and Mendoza, C and Mesones, I and Torres-Lezama, A and Giraldo, LEU and Villarroel, D and Zagt, R and Alexiades, MN and Garcia-Cabrera, K and Hernandez, L and Milliken, W and Cuenca, WP and Pansini, S and Pauletto, D and Arevalo, FR and Sampaio,
AF and Sandoval, EHV and Gamarra, LV and Boenisch, G and Kattge, J and Kraft, N and Levesley, A and Melgaço, K and Pickavance, G and Poorter,
L and Ter Steege and H},
Title = {Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum
Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical
forest ecology.},
Journal = {Scientific Reports},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2859},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28132-y},
Abstract = {In a time of rapid global change, the question of what
determines patterns in species abundance distribution
remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of
ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information
entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such
complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of
important constraints via predictions using least biased
probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand
hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest
types and thirteen functional traits, representing major
global axes of plant strategies. Results show that
constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera
explain eight times more of local relative abundances than
constraints based on directional selection for specific
functional traits, although the latter does show clear
signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a
quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data
using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our
understanding of ecological dynamics.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-28132-y},
Key = {fds369712}
}
@article{fds367691,
Author = {Correa, DF and Stevenson, PR and Umaña, MN and Coelho, LDS and Lima
Filho, DDA and Salomão, RP and Amaral, ILD and Wittmann, F and Matos,
FDDA and Castilho, CV and Phillips, OL and Guevara, JE and Carim, MDJV and Magnusson, WE and Sabatier, D and Molino, JF and Irume, MV and Martins,
MP and Guimarães, JRDS and Bánki, OS and Piedade, MTF and Pitman, NCA and Monteagudo Mendoza and A and Ramos, JF and Luize, BG and Novo, EMMDL and Núñez Vargas and P and Silva, TSF and Venticinque, EM and Manzatto,
AG and Reis, NFC and Terborgh, JW and Casula, KR and Honorio Coronado,
EN and Montero, JC and Schöngart, J and Cárdenas López and D and Costa,
FRC and Quaresma, AC and Zartman, CE and Killeen, TJ and Marimon, BS and Marimon-Junior, BH and Vasquez, R and Mostacedo, B and Demarchi, LO and Feldpausch, TR and Assis, RL and Baraloto, C and Engel, J and Petronelli, P and Castellanos, H and Medeiros, MBD and Simon, MF and Andrade, A and Camargo, JL and Laurance, SGW and Laurance, WF and Maniguaje Rincón and L and Schietti, J and Sousa, TR and Farias, EDS and Lopes, MA and Magalhães, JLL and Nascimento, HEM and Queiroz, HLD and Aymard C. and GA and Brienen, R and Cardenas Revilla and JD and Vieira,
ICG and Cintra, BBL and Feitosa, YO and Duivenvoorden, JF and Mogollón,
HF and Araujo-Murakami, A and Ferreira, LV and Lozada, JR and Comiskey,
JA and de Toledo, JJ and Damasco, G and Dávila, N and García-Villacorta, R and Lopes, A and Vicentini, A and Draper, FC and Castaño Arboleda and N and Cornejo Valverde and F and Alonso, A and Dallmeier, F and Gomes, VHF and Neill, D and de Aguiar, DPP and Arroyo,
L and Carvalho, FA and de Souza, FC and Amaral, DDD and Feeley, KJ and Gribel, R and Pansonato, MP and Barlow, J},
Title = {Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and
their ecological correlates},
Journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {49-69},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13596},
Abstract = {Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological
correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common
tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory,
anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional
abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the
availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability
hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for
constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability
hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established
between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a
diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location:
Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the
Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We
assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and
morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across
terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded
forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the
proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an
abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit
generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic
distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was
significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind
speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded
forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show
significant associations with the availability of resources
for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in
dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of
endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding
podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The
disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for
abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The
availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits
seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of
dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between
frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory
requires further research, as tree recruitment not only
depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that
favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest
types.},
Doi = {10.1111/geb.13596},
Key = {fds367691}
}
%% Tomasello, Michael
@article{fds374401,
Author = {Winter Née Grocke and P and Tomasello, M},
Title = {From what I want to do to what we decided to do:
5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, honor their agreements
with peers.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {239},
Pages = {105811},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105811},
Abstract = {Sometimes we have a personal preference but we agree with
others to follow a different course of action. In this
study, 3- and 5-year-old children (N = 160) expressed a
preference for playing a game one way and were then
confronted with peers who expressed a different preference.
The experimenter then either got the participants to agree
with the peers explicitly or just shrugged her shoulders and
moved on. The children were then left alone to play the game
unobserved. Only the older children stuck to their agreement
to play the game as the peers wished. These results suggest
that by 5 years of age children's sense of commitment to
agreements is strong enough to override their personal
preferences.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105811},
Key = {fds374401}
}
@article{fds374171,
Author = {Katz, T and Kushnir, T and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children are eager to take credit for prosocial acts, and
cost affects this tendency.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {237},
Pages = {105764},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764},
Abstract = {We report two experiments on children's tendency to enhance
their reputations through communicative acts. In the
experiments, 4-year-olds (N = 120) had the opportunity to
inform a social partner that they had helped him in his
absence. In a first experiment, we pitted a prosocial act
("Let's help clean up for Doggie!") against an instrumental
act ("Let's move these out of our way"). Children in the
prosocial condition were quicker to inform their partner of
the act and more likely to protest when another individual
was given credit for it. In a second experiment, we
replicated the prosocial condition but with a new
manipulation: high-cost versus low-cost helping. We
manipulated both the language surrounding cost (i.e., "This
will be pretty tough to clean up" vs. "It will be really
easy to clean this up") and how difficult the task itself
was. As predicted, children in the high-cost condition were
quicker to inform their partner of the act and more likely
to take back credit for it. These results suggest that even
4-year-old children make active attempts to elicit positive
reputational judgments for their prosocial acts, with cost
as a moderating factor.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105764},
Key = {fds374171}
}
@article{fds374236,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Differences in the Social Motivations and Emotions of Humans
and Other Great Apes.},
Journal = {Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)},
Volume = {34},
Number = {4},
Pages = {588-604},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0},
Abstract = {Humans share with other mammals and primates many social
motivations and emotions, but they are also much more
cooperative than even their closest primate relatives. Here
I review recent comparative experiments and analyses that
illustrate humans' species-typical social motivations and
emotions for cooperation in comparison with those of other
great apes. These may be classified most generally as (i)
'you > me' (e.g., prosocial sympathy, informative and
pedagogical motives in communication); (ii) 'you = me'
(e.g., feelings of mutual respect, fairness, resentment);
(iii) 'we > me' (e.g., feelings of obligation and guilt);
and (iv) 'WE (in the group) > me' (e.g., in-group
loyalty and conformity to norms, shame, and many in-group
biases). The existence of these species-typical and
species-universal motivations and emotions provides
compelling evidence for the importance of cooperative
activities in the human species.},
Doi = {10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0},
Key = {fds374236}
}
@article{fds374400,
Author = {Vasil, J and Price, D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Thought and language: Effects of group-mindedness on young
children's interpretation of exclusive we.},
Journal = {Child development},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14049},
Abstract = {The current study investigated whether age-related changes
in the conceptualization of social groups influences
interpretation of the pronoun we. Sixty-four 2- and
4-year-olds (N = 29 female, 50 White-identifying) viewed
scenarios in which it was ambiguous how many puppets
performed an activity together. When asked who performed the
activity, a speaker puppet responded, "We did!" In one
condition, the speaker was near one and distant from another
puppet, implying a dyadic interpretation of we. In another
condition, the speaker was distant from both, thus pulling
for a group interpretation. In the former condition, 2- and
4-year-olds favored the dyadic interpretation. In the latter
condition, only 4-year-olds favored the group
interpretation. Age-related conceptual development "expands"
the set of conceivable plural person referents.},
Doi = {10.1111/cdev.14049},
Key = {fds374400}
}
@article{fds373982,
Author = {Wolf, W and Tomasello, M},
Title = {A Shared Intentionality Account of Uniquely Human Social
Bonding.},
Journal = {Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the
Association for Psychological Science},
Pages = {17456916231201795},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916231201795},
Abstract = {Many mechanisms of social bonding are common to all
primates, but humans seemingly have developed some that are
unique to the species. These involve various kinds of
interactive experiences-from taking a walk together to
having a conversation-whose common feature is the triadic
sharing of experience. Current theories of social bonding
have no explanation for why humans should have these unique
bonding mechanisms. Here we propose a shared intentionality
account of uniquely human social bonding. Humans evolved to
participate with others in unique forms of cooperative and
communicative activities that both depend on and create
shared experience. Sharing experience in these activities
causes partners to feel closer because it allows them to
assess their partner's cooperative competence and motivation
toward them and because the shared representations created
during such interactions make subsequent cooperative
interactions easier and more effective.},
Doi = {10.1177/17456916231201795},
Key = {fds373982}
}
@article{fds370890,
Author = {Vasil, J and Moore, C and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Thought and language: association of groupmindedness with
young English-speaking children’s production of
pronouns},
Journal = {First Language},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {516-538},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01427237231169398},
Abstract = {Shared intentionality theory posits that at age 3, children
expand their conception of plural agency to include 3- or
more-person groups. We sought to determine whether this
conceptual shift is detectable in children’s pronoun use.
We report the results of a series of Bayesian hierarchical
generative models fitted to 479 English-speaking
children’s first-person plural, first-person singular,
second-person, third-person plural, and third-person
singular pronouns. As a proportion of pronouns, children
used more first-person plural pronouns, only, after 3;0
compared to before. Additionally, children used more 1pp.
pronouns when their mothers used more 1pp. pronouns. As a
proportion of total utterances, all pronoun classes were
used more often as children aged. These findings suggest
that a shift in children’s social conceptualizations at
age 3 is reflected in their use of 1pp. pronouns.},
Doi = {10.1177/01427237231169398},
Key = {fds370890}
}
@article{fds370629,
Author = {Benozio, A and House, BR and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Apes reciprocate food positively and negatively.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {1998},
Pages = {20222541},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2541},
Abstract = {Reciprocal food exchange is widespread in human societies
but not among great apes, who may view food mainly as a
target for competition. Understanding the similarities and
differences between great apes' and humans' willingness to
exchange food is important for our models regarding the
origins of uniquely human forms of cooperation. Here, we
demonstrate in-kind food exchanges in experimental settings
with great apes for the first time. The initial sample
consisted of 13 chimpanzees and 5 bonobos in the control
phases, and the test phases included 10 chimpanzees and 2
bonobos, compared with a sample of 48 human children aged 4
years. First, we replicated prior findings showing no
spontaneous food exchanges in great apes. Second, we
discovered that when apes believe that conspecifics have
'intentionally' transferred food to them, positive
reciprocal food exchanges (food-for-food) are not only
possible but reach the same levels as in young children
(approx. 75-80%). Third, we found that great apes engage in
negative reciprocal food exchanges (no-food for no-food) but
to a lower extent than children. This provides evidence for
reciprocal food exchange in great apes in experimental
settings and suggests that while a potential mechanism of
<i>fostering</i> cooperation (via positive reciprocal
exchanges) may be shared across species, a stabilizing
mechanism (via negative reciprocity) is not.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.2541},
Key = {fds370629}
}
@article{fds368903,
Author = {Schäfer, M and B M Haun and D and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Children's consideration of collaboration and merit when
making sharing decisions in private.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {228},
Pages = {105609},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105609},
Abstract = {Young children share equally when they acquire resources
through collaboration with a partner, yet it is unclear
whether they do so because in such contexts resources are
encountered as common and distributed in front of the
recipient or because collaboration promotes a sense of
work-based fairness. In the current studies, 5- and
8-year-old children from Germany (N = 193) acquired
resources either by working individually alongside or by
collaborating with a peer. After finding out that the
partner's container was empty, they decided in private
whether they wanted to donate some resources to the peer.
When both partners had worked with equal efforts (Study 1),
children shared more after collaboration than after
individual work. When one partner had worked with much more
effort than the other (Study 2), children shared more with a
harder-working partner than with a less-working partner
independently of whether they had collaborated or worked
individually. Younger children were more generous than older
children, in particular after collaboration. These findings
support the view that collaboration promotes a genuine sense
of fairness in young children, but they also indicate that
merit-based notions of fairness in the context of work may
develop independently of collaboration, at least by the
beginning of middle childhood and in Western
societies.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105609},
Key = {fds368903}
}
@article{fds367773,
Author = {Colle, L and Grosse, G and Behne, T and Tomasello,
M},
Title = {Just teasing! - Infants' and toddlers' understanding of
teasing interactions and its effect on social
bonding.},
Journal = {Cognition},
Volume = {231},
Pages = {105314},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105314},
Abstract = {The current study investigates infants' and toddlers'
understanding of teasing interactions and its effect on
subsequent social interactions. Teasing is a special kind of
social interaction due to its dual nature: It consists of a
slightly provocative contingent action accompanied by
positive ostensive emotional cues. Teasing thus presents an
especially interesting test case to inform us about young
children's abilities to deal with complex social intentions.
In a first experiment, we looked at 9-, 12-, and
18-month-old infants' ability to understand and
differentiate a teasing intention from a trying intention
and a refuse intention. We found that by 12 months of age,
infants react differently (gaze, reach) and by 18 months
they smile more in reaction to the Tease condition. In the
second experiment, we tested 13-, 20- and 30-month-old
children in closely matched purely playful and teasing
situations. We also investigated potential social effects of
teasing interactions on a subsequent affiliation sequence.
Twenty- and 30-month-old children smile more in the Teasing
than in the Play condition. For the 30-month-old toddlers,
additionally, number of laughs is much higher in the Tease
than in the Play condition. No effect on affiliation could
be found. Thus, from very early in development, infants and
toddlers are able to differentiate teasing from
superficially similar but serious behavior and from around
18 months of age they enjoy it more. Infants and toddlers
are able to process a complex social intention like teasing.
Findings are discussed regarding infant and toddler
intention understanding abilities.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105314},
Key = {fds367773}
}
@article{fds362755,
Author = {Hepach, R and Engelmann, JM and Herrmann, E and Gerdemann, SC and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Evidence for a developmental shift in the motivation
underlying helping in early childhood.},
Journal = {Developmental science},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e13253},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13253},
Abstract = {We investigated children's positive emotions as an indicator
of their underlying prosocial motivation. In Study 1, 2-,
and 5-year-old children (N = 64) could either help an
individual or watch as another person provided help.
Following the helping event and using depth sensor imaging,
we measured children's positive emotions through changes in
postural elevation. For 2-year-olds, helping the individual
and watching another person help was equally rewarding;
5-year-olds showed greater postural elevation after actively
helping. In Study 2, 5-year-olds' (N = 59) positive
emotions following helping were greater when an audience was
watching. Together, these results suggest that 2-year-old
children have an intrinsic concern that individuals be
helped whereas 5-year-old children have an additional,
strategic motivation to improve their reputation by
helping.},
Doi = {10.1111/desc.13253},
Key = {fds362755}
}
@article{fds365125,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Social cognition and metacognition in great apes: a
theory.},
Journal = {Animal cognition},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {25-35},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01662-0},
Abstract = {Twenty-five years ago, at the founding of this journal,
there existed only a few conflicting findings about great
apes' social-cognitive skills (theory of mind). In the 2 ½
decades since, we have discovered that great apes understand
the goals, intentions, perceptions, and knowledge of others,
and they use this knowledge to their advantage in
competitive interactions. Twenty-five years ago there
existed basically no studies on great apes' metacognitive
skills. In the 2 ½ decades since, we have discovered that
great apes monitor their uncertainty and base their
decisions on that, or else decide to gather more information
to make better decisions. The current paper reviews the past
25 years of research on great ape social cognition and
metacognition and proposes a theory about how the two are
evolutionarily related.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10071-022-01662-0},
Key = {fds365125}
}
@article{fds371813,
Author = {Wolf, W and Thielhelm, J and Tomasello, M},
Title = {Five-year-old children show cooperative preferences for
faces with white sclera.},
Journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
Volume = {225},
Pages = {105532},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105532},
Abstract = {The cooperative eye hypothesis posits that human eye
morphology evolved to facilitate cooperation. Although it is
known that young children prefer stimuli with eyes that
contain white sclera, it is unknown whether white sclera
influences children's perception of a partner's
cooperativeness specifically. In the current studies, we
used an online methodology to present 5-year-old children
with moving three-dimensional face models in which facial
morphology was manipulated. Children found "alien" faces
with human eyes more cooperative than faces with dark sclera
(Study 2) but not faces with enlarged irises (Study 1). For
more human-like faces (Study 3), children found human eyes
more cooperative than either enlarged irises or dark sclera
and found faces with enlarged irises cuter (but not more
cooperative) than eyes with dark sclera. Together, these
results provide strong support for the cooperative eye
hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105532},
Key = {fds371813}
}
@misc{fds371506,
Author = {Tomasello, M},
Title = {Having Intentions, Understanding Intentions, and
Understanding Communicative Intentions},
Pages = {63-75},
Booktitle = {Developing Theories of Intention: Social Understanding and
Self-Control},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780805831412},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417927-5},
Abstract = {This chapter looks at a major cause and a major consequence
of the 9-month social-cognitive revolution; and both of
these also concern infant intentionality. It argues that
young children’s understanding of other persons as
intentional agents results in large part from newly emerging
forms of intentionality in their own sensory-motor actions.
The chapter explores young children’s understanding of a
special type of intention that emerges directly on the heels
of the 9-month revolution, namely, communicative intentions.
Intentional agents have goals and make active choices among
behavioral means for attaining those goals. Important,
intentional agents also make active choices about what they
pay attention to in pursuing those goals. ntentional agents
have goals and make active choices among behavioral means
for attaining those goals. Important, intentional agents
also make active choices about what they pay attention to in
pursuing those goals.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781003417927-5},
Key = {fds371506}
}
%% Tung, Jenny
@article{fds376870,
Author = {Johnston, RA and Aracena, KA and Barreiro, LB and Lea, AJ and Tung,
J},
Title = {DNA methylation-environment interactions in the human
genome.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {RP89371},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.89371},
Abstract = {Previously, we showed that a massively parallel reporter
assay, mSTARR-seq, could be used to simultaneously test for
both enhancer-like activity and DNA methylation-dependent
enhancer activity for millions of loci in a single
experiment (Lea et al., 2018). Here, we apply mSTARR-seq to
query nearly the entire human genome, including almost all
CpG sites profiled either on the commonly used Illumina
Infinium MethylationEPIC array or via reduced representation
bisulfite sequencing. We show that fragments containing
these sites are enriched for regulatory capacity, and that
methylation-dependent regulatory activity is in turn
sensitive to the cellular environment. In particular,
regulatory responses to interferon alpha (IFNA) stimulation
are strongly attenuated by methyl marks, indicating
widespread DNA methylation-environment interactions. In
agreement, methylation-dependent responses to IFNA
identified via mSTARR-seq predict methylation-dependent
transcriptional responses to challenge with influenza virus
in human macrophages. Our observations support the idea that
pre-existing DNA methylation patterns can influence the
response to subsequent environmental exposures-one of the
tenets of biological embedding. However, we also find that,
on average, sites previously associated with early life
adversity are not more likely to functionally influence gene
regulation than expected by chance.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.89371},
Key = {fds376870}
}
@article{fds374384,
Author = {Housman, G and Tung, J},
Title = {Next-generation primate genomics: New genome assemblies
unlock new questions.},
Journal = {Cell},
Volume = {186},
Number = {25},
Pages = {5433-5437},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.014},
Abstract = {Nonhuman primates provide unique evolutionary and
comparative insight into the human phenotype. Genome
assemblies are now available for nearly half of the species
in the primate order, expanding our understanding of genetic
variation within and between species and making important
contributions to evolutionary biology, evolutionary
anthropology, and human genetics.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.014},
Key = {fds374384}
}
@article{fds372948,
Author = {Levy, EJ and Lee, A and Long'ida Siodi and I and Helmich, EC and McLean,
EM and Malone, EJ and Pickard, MJ and Ranjithkumar, R and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life drought predicts components of adult body size in
wild female baboons.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {182},
Number = {3},
Pages = {357-371},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>In many taxa, adverse early-life
environments are associated with reduced growth and smaller
body size in adulthood. However, in wild primates, we know
very little about whether, where, and to what degree
trajectories are influenced by early adversity, or which
types of early adversity matter most. Here, we use
parallel-laser photogrammetry to assess inter-individual
predictors of three measures of body size (leg length,
forearm length, and shoulder-rump length) in a population of
wild female baboons studied since birth.<h4>Materials and
methods</h4>Using >2000 photogrammetric measurements of 127
females, we present a cross-sectional growth curve of wild
female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) from juvenescence
through adulthood. We then test whether females exposed to
several important sources of early-life adversity-drought,
maternal loss, low maternal rank, or a cumulative measure of
adversity-were smaller for their age than females who
experienced less adversity. Using the "animal model," we
also test whether body size is heritable in this study
population.<h4>Results</h4>Prolonged early-life drought
predicted shorter limbs but not shorter torsos (i.e.,
shoulder-rump lengths). Our other measures of early-life
adversity did not predict variation in body size.
Heritability estimates for body size measures were 36%-67%.
Maternal effects accounted for 13%-17% of the variance in
leg and forearm length, but no variance in torso
length.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our results suggest that baboon
limbs, but not torsos, grow plastically in response to
maternal effects and energetic early-life stress. Our
results also reveal considerable heritability for all three
body size measures in this study population.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24849},
Key = {fds372948}
}
@article{fds374385,
Author = {Lange, EC and Griffin, M and Fogel, AS and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Environmental, sex-specific and genetic determinants of
infant social behaviour in a wild primate.},
Journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
Volume = {290},
Number = {2011},
Pages = {20231597},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Abstract = {Affiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in
many social mammals. However, despite their importance,
little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds
develops in young animals, or if the timing of development
is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of
longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon
population, we assessed the environmental determinants of an
important social developmental milestone in baboons-the age
at which a young animal first grooms a conspecific-and we
assessed how the rates at which offspring groom their
mothers develops during the juvenile period. We found that
grooming development differs between the sexes: female
infants groom at an earlier age and reach equal rates of
grooming with their mother earlier than males. We also found
that age at first grooming for both sexes is weakly
heritable (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.043, 95% CI:
0.002-0.110). These results show that sex differences in
grooming emerge at a young age; that strong, equitable
social relationships between mothers and daughters begin
very early in life; and that age at first grooming is
heritable and therefore can be shaped by natural
selection.},
Doi = {10.1098/rspb.2023.1597},
Key = {fds374385}
}
@article{fds373886,
Author = {Zipple, MN and Archie, EA and Tung, J and Mututua, RS and Warutere, JK and Siodi, IL and Altmann, J and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Five Decades of Data Yield No Support for Adaptive Biasing
of Offspring Sex Ratio in Wild Baboons (Papio
cynocephalus).},
Journal = {The American naturalist},
Volume = {202},
Number = {4},
Pages = {383-398},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/725886},
Abstract = {AbstractOver the past 50 years, a wealth of testable, often
conflicting hypotheses have been generated about the
evolution of offspring sex ratio manipulation by mothers.
Several of these hypotheses have received support in studies
of invertebrates and some vertebrate taxa. However, their
success in explaining sex ratios in mammalian
taxa-especially in primates-has been mixed. Here, we assess
the predictions of four different hypotheses about the
evolution of biased offspring sex ratios in the baboons of
the Amboseli basin in Kenya: the Trivers-Willard, female
rank enhancement, local resource competition, and local
resource enhancement hypotheses. Using the largest sample
size ever analyzed in a primate population (n=1,372
offspring), we test the predictions of each hypothesis.
Overall, we find no support for adaptive biasing of sex
ratios. Offspring sex is not consistently related to
maternal dominance rank or biased toward the dispersing sex,
nor is it predicted by group size, population growth rates,
or their interaction with maternal rank. Because our sample
size confers power to detect even subtle biases in sex
ratio, including modulation by environmental heterogeneity,
these results suggest that adaptive biasing of offspring sex
does not occur in this population.},
Doi = {10.1086/725886},
Key = {fds373886}
}
@article{fds371581,
Author = {Tung, J and Lange, EC and Alberts, SC and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Social and early life determinants of survival from cradle
to grave: A case study in wild baboons.},
Journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
Volume = {152},
Pages = {105282},
Year = {2023},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Abstract = {Field studies of natural mammal populations present powerful
opportunities to investigate the determinants of health and
aging using fine-grained observations of known individuals
across the life course. Here, we synthesize five decades of
findings from one such study: the wild baboons of the
Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. First, we discuss the profound
associations between early life adversity, adult social
conditions, and key aging outcomes in this population,
especially survival. Second, we review potential mediators
of the relationship between early life adversity and
survival in our population. Notably, our tests of two
leading candidate mediators-social isolation and
glucocorticoid levels-fail to identify a single, strong
mediator of early life effects on adult survival. Instead,
early adversity, social isolation, and glucocorticoids are
independently linked to adult lifespans, suggesting
considerable scope for mitigating the negative consequences
of early life adversity. Third, we review our work on the
evolutionary rationale for early life effects on mortality,
which currently argues against clear predictive adaptive
responses. Finally, we end by highlighting major themes
emerging from the study of sociality, development, and aging
in the Amboseli baboons, as well as important open questions
for future work.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105282},
Key = {fds371581}
}
@article{fds371859,
Author = {McLean, EM and Moorad, JA and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts,
SC},
Title = {Genetic variance and indirect genetic effects for
affiliative social behavior in a wild primate.},
Journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic
evolution},
Volume = {77},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1607-1621},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad066},
Abstract = {Affiliative social behaviors are linked to fitness
components in multiple species. However, the role of genetic
variance in shaping such behaviors remains largely unknown,
limiting our understanding of how affiliative behaviors can
respond to natural selection. Here, we employed the "animal
model" to estimate environmental and genetic sources of
variance and covariance in grooming behavior in the
well-studied Amboseli wild baboon population. We found that
the tendency for a female baboon to groom others ("grooming
given") is heritable (h2 = 0.22 ± 0.048), and that several
environmental variables-including dominance rank and the
availability of kin as grooming partners-contribute to
variance in this grooming behavior. We also detected small
but measurable variance due to the indirect genetic effect
of partner identity on the amount of grooming given within
dyadic grooming partnerships. The indirect and direct
genetic effects for grooming given were positively
correlated (r = 0.74 ± 0.09). Our results provide insight
into the evolvability of affiliative behavior in wild
animals, including the possibility for correlations between
direct and indirect genetic effects to accelerate the
response to selection. As such they provide novel
information about the genetic architecture of social
behavior in nature, with important implications for the
evolution of cooperation and reciprocity.},
Doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpad066},
Key = {fds371859}
}
@article{fds370947,
Author = {Lange, EC and Zeng, S and Campos, FA and Li, F and Tung, J and Archie, EA and Alberts, SC},
Title = {Early life adversity and adult social relationships have
independent effects on survival in a wild
primate.},
Journal = {Science advances},
Volume = {9},
Number = {20},
Pages = {eade7172},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Abstract = {Adverse conditions in early life can have negative
consequences for adult health and survival in humans and
other animals. What variables mediate the relationship
between early adversity and adult survival? Adult social
environments represent one candidate: Early life adversity
is linked to social adversity in adulthood, and social
adversity in adulthood predicts survival outcomes. However,
no study has prospectively linked early life adversity,
adult social behavior, and adult survival to measure the
extent to which adult social behavior mediates this
relationship. We do so in a wild baboon population in
Amboseli, Kenya. We find weak mediation and largely
independent effects of early adversity and adult sociality
on survival. Furthermore, strong social bonds and high
social status in adulthood can buffer some negative effects
of early adversity. These results support the idea that
affiliative social behavior is subject to natural selection
through its positive relationship with survival, and they
highlight possible targets for intervention to improve human
health and well-being.},
Doi = {10.1126/sciadv.ade7172},
Key = {fds370947}
}
@article{fds371582,
Author = {Roche, KE and Bjork, JR and Dasari, MR and Grieneisen, L and Jansen, D and Gould, TJ and Gesquiere, LR and Barreiro, LB and Alberts, SC and Blekhman, R and Gilbert, JA and Tung, J and Mukherjee, S and Archie,
EA},
Title = {Universal gut microbial relationships in the gut microbiome
of wild baboons.},
Journal = {eLife},
Volume = {12},
Pages = {e83152},
Year = {2023},
Month = {May},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.83152},
Abstract = {Ecological relationships between bacteria mediate the
services that gut microbiomes provide to their hosts.
Knowing the overall direction and strength of these
relationships is essential to learn how ecology scales up to
affect microbiome assembly, dynamics, and host health.
However, whether bacterial relationships are generalizable
across hosts or personalized to individual hosts is debated.
Here, we apply a robust, multinomial logistic-normal
modeling framework to extensive time series data (5534
samples from 56 baboon hosts over 13 years) to infer
thousands of correlations in bacterial abundance in
individual baboons and test the degree to which bacterial
abundance correlations are 'universal'. We also compare
these patterns to two human data sets. We find that, most
bacterial correlations are weak, negative, and universal
across hosts, such that shared correlation patterns dominate
over host-specific correlations by almost twofold. Further,
taxon pairs that had inconsistent correlation signs (either
positive or negative) in different hosts always had weak
correlations within hosts. From the host perspective, host
pairs with the most similar bacterial correlation patterns
also had similar microbiome taxonomic compositions and
tended to be genetic relatives. Compared to humans,
universality in baboons was similar to that in human
infants, and stronger than one data set from human adults.
Bacterial families that showed universal correlations in
human infants were often universal in baboons. Together, our
work contributes new tools for analyzing the universality of
bacterial associations across hosts, with implications for
microbiome personalization, community assembly, and
stability, and for designing microbiome interventions to
improve host health.},
Doi = {10.7554/elife.83152},
Key = {fds371582}
}
@article{fds369052,
Author = {Fogel, AS and Oduor, PO and Nyongesa, AW and Kimwele, CN and Alberts,
SC and Archie, EA and Tung, J},
Title = {Ecology and age, but not genetic ancestry, predict fetal
loss in a wild baboon hybrid zone.},
Journal = {American journal of biological anthropology},
Volume = {180},
Number = {4},
Pages = {618-632},
Year = {2023},
Month = {April},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24686},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>Pregnancy failure represents a major
fitness cost for any mammal, particularly those with slow
life histories such as primates. Here, we quantified the
risk of fetal loss in wild hybrid baboons, including
genetic, ecological, and demographic sources of variance. We
were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that
hybridization increases fetal loss rates. Such an effect
would help explain how baboons may maintain genetic and
phenotypic integrity despite interspecific gene
flow.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We analyzed outcomes for
1020 pregnancies observed over 46 years in a natural
yellow baboon-anubis baboon hybrid zone. Fetal losses and
live births were scored based on records of female
reproductive state and the appearance of live neonates. We
modeled the probability of fetal loss as a function of a
female's genetic ancestry (the proportion of her genome
estimated to be descended from anubis [vs. yellow]
ancestors), age, number of previous fetal losses, dominance
rank, group size, climate, and habitat quality using
binomial mixed effects models.<h4>Results</h4>Female genetic
ancestry did not predict fetal loss. Instead, the risk of
fetal loss is elevated for very young and very old females.
Fetal loss is most robustly predicted by ecological factors,
including poor habitat quality prior to a home range shift
and extreme heat during pregnancy.<h4>Discussion</h4>Our
results suggest that gene flow between yellow and anubis
baboons is not impeded by an increased risk of fetal loss
for hybrid females. Instead, ecological conditions and
female age are key determinants of this component of female
reproductive success.},
Doi = {10.1002/ajpa.24686},
Key = {fds369052}
}
%% Uelmen, Johnny
@article{fds371620,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Mapes, CD and Prasauskas, A and Boohene, C and Burns, L and Stuck, J and Carney, RM},
Title = {A Habitat Model for Disease Vector Aedes aegypti in the
Tampa Bay Area, FloridA.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control
Association},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {96-107},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/22-7109},
Abstract = {Within the contiguous USA, Florida is unique in having
tropical and subtropical climates, a great abundance and
diversity of mosquito vectors, and high rates of human
travel. These factors contribute to the state being the
national ground zero for exotic mosquito-borne diseases, as
evidenced by local transmission of viruses spread by Aedes
aegypti, including outbreaks of dengue in 2022 and Zika in
2016. Because of limited treatment options, integrated
vector management is a key part of mitigating these
arboviruses. Practical knowledge of when and where mosquito
populations of interest exist is critical for surveillance
and control efforts, and habitat predictions at various
geographic scales typically rely on ecological niche
modeling. However, most of these models, usually created in
partnership with academic institutions, demand resources
that otherwise may be too time-demanding or difficult for
mosquito control programs to replicate and use effectively.
Such resources may include intensive computational
requirements, high spatiotemporal resolutions of data not
regularly available, and/or expert knowledge of statistical
analysis. Therefore, our study aims to partner with mosquito
control agencies in generating operationally useful mosquito
abundance models. Given the increasing threat of
mosquito-borne disease transmission in Florida, our analytic
approach targets recent Ae. aegypti abundance in the Tampa
Bay area. We investigate explanatory variables that: 1) are
publicly available, 2) require little to no preprocessing
for use, and 3) are known factors associated with Ae.
aegypti ecology. Out of our 4 final models, none required
more than 5 out of the 36 predictors assessed (13.9%).
Similar to previous literature, the strongest predictors
were consistently 3- and 4-wk temperature and precipitation
lags, followed closely by 1 of 2 environmental predictors:
land use/land cover or normalized difference vegetation
index. Surprisingly, 3 of our 4 final models included one or
more socioeconomic or demographic predictors. In general,
larger sample sizes of trap collections and/or citizen
science observations should result in greater confidence in
model predictions and validation. However, given disparities
in trap collections across jurisdictions, individual county
models rather than a multicounty conglomerate model would
likely yield stronger model fits. Ultimately, we hope that
the results of our assessment will enable more accurate and
precise mosquito surveillance and control of Ae. aegypti in
Florida and beyond.},
Doi = {10.2987/22-7109},
Key = {fds371620}
}
@article{fds370207,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Kopsco, H and Mori, J and Brown, WM and Smith,
RL},
Title = {Modeling community COVID-19 transmission risk associated
with U.S. universities.},
Journal = {Scientific reports},
Volume = {13},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1428},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28212-z},
Abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is among the worst in recent
history, resulting in excess of 520,000,000 cases and
6,200,000 deaths worldwide. The United States (U.S.) has
recently surpassed 1,000,000 deaths. Individuals who are
elderly and/or immunocompromised are the most susceptible to
serious sequelae. Rising sentiment often implicates younger,
less-vulnerable populations as primary introducers of
COVID-19 to communities, particularly around colleges and
universities. Adjusting for more than 32 key
socio-demographic, economic, and epidemiologic variables, we
(1) implemented regressions to determine the overall
community-level, age-adjusted COVID-19 case and mortality
rate within each American county, and (2) performed a
subgroup analysis among a sample of U.S. colleges and
universities to identify any significant preliminary
mitigation measures implemented during the fall 2020
semester. From January 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021, a
total of 22,385,335 cases and 374,130 deaths were reported
to the CDC. Overall, counties with increasing numbers of
university enrollment showed significantly lower case rates
and marginal decreases in mortality rates. County-level
population demographics, and not university level mitigation
measures, were the most significant predictor of adjusted
COVID-19 case rates. Contrary to common sentiment, our
findings demonstrate that counties with high university
enrollments may be more adherent to public safety measures
and vaccinations, likely contributing to safer
communities.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-28212-z},
Key = {fds370207}
}
@article{fds370208,
Author = {Holcomb, KM and Mathis, S and Staples, JE and Fischer, M and Barker, CM and Beard, CB and Nett, RJ and Keyel, AC and Marcantonio, M and Childs, ML and Gorris, ME and Rochlin, I and Hamins-Puértolas, M and Ray, EL and Uelmen, JA and DeFelice, N and Freedman, AS and Hollingsworth, BD and Das, P and Osthus, D and Humphreys, JM and Nova, N and Mordecai, EA and Cohnstaedt, LW and Kirk, D and Kramer, LD and Harris, MJ and Kain, MP and Reed, EMX and Johansson, MA},
Title = {Evaluation of an open forecasting challenge to assess skill
of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease
prediction.},
Journal = {Parasites & vectors},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05630-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading
cause of mosquito-borne illness in the continental USA. WNV
occurrence has high spatiotemporal variation, and current
approaches to targeted control of the virus are limited,
making forecasting a public health priority. However, little
research has been done to compare strengths and weaknesses
of WNV disease forecasting approaches on the national scale.
We used forecasts submitted to the 2020 WNV Forecasting
Challenge, an open challenge organized by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, to assess the status of WNV
neuroinvasive disease (WNND) prediction and identify avenues
for improvement.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a multi-model
comparative assessment of probabilistic forecasts submitted
by 15 teams for annual WNND cases in US counties for 2020
and assessed forecast accuracy, calibration, and
discriminatory power. In the evaluation, we included
forecasts produced by comparison models of varying
complexity as benchmarks of forecast performance. We also
used regression analysis to identify modeling approaches and
contextual factors that were associated with forecast
skill.<h4>Results</h4>Simple models based on historical WNND
cases generally scored better than more complex models and
combined higher discriminatory power with better calibration
of uncertainty. Forecast skill improved across updated
forecast submissions submitted during the 2020 season. Among
models using additional data, inclusion of climate or human
demographic data was associated with higher skill, while
inclusion of mosquito or land use data was associated with
lower skill. We also identified population size, extreme
minimum winter temperature, and interannual variation in
WNND cases as county-level characteristics associated with
variation in forecast skill.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Historical
WNND cases were strong predictors of future cases with
minimal increase in skill achieved by models that included
other factors. Although opportunities might exist to
specifically improve predictions for areas with large
populations and low or high winter temperatures, areas with
high case-count variability are intrinsically more difficult
to predict. Also, the prediction of outbreaks, which are
outliers relative to typical case numbers, remains
difficult. Further improvements to prediction could be
obtained with improved calibration of forecast uncertainty
and access to real-time data streams (e.g. current weather
and preliminary human cases).},
Doi = {10.1186/s13071-022-05630-y},
Key = {fds370208}
}
@article{fds370209,
Author = {Uelmen, JA and Lamcyzk, B and Irwin, P and Bartlett, D and Stone, C and Mackay, A and Arsenault-Benoit, A and Ryan, SJ and Mutebi, J-P and Hamer, GL and Fritz, M and Smith, RL},
Title = {Human biting mosquitoes and implications for West Nile virus
transmission.},
Journal = {Parasites & vectors},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05603-1},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>West Nile virus (WNV), primarily vectored
by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, is the most important
mosquito-borne pathogen in North America, having infected
thousands of humans and countless wildlife since its arrival
in the USA in 1999. In locations with dedicated mosquito
control programs, surveillance methods often rely on
frequent testing of mosquitoes collected in a network of
gravid traps (GTs) and CO<sub>2</sub>-baited light traps
(LTs). Traps specifically targeting oviposition-seeking
(e.g. GTs) and host-seeking (e.g. LTs) mosquitoes are
vulnerable to trap bias, and captured specimens are often
damaged, making morphological identification
difficult.<h4>Methods</h4>This study leverages an
alternative mosquito collection method, the human landing
catch (HLC), as a means to compare sampling of potential WNV
vectors to traditional trapping methods. Human collectors
exposed one limb for 15 min at crepuscular periods
(5:00-8:30 am and 6:00-9:30 pm daily, the time when Culex
species are most actively host-seeking) at each of 55 study
sites in suburban Chicago, Illinois, for two summers (2018
and 2019).<h4>Results</h4>A total of 223 human-seeking
mosquitoes were caught by HLC, of which 46 (20.6%) were
mosquitoes of genus Culex. Of these 46 collected Culex
specimens, 34 (73.9%) were Cx. salinarius, a potential WNV
vector species not thought to be highly abundant in upper
Midwest USA. Per trapping effort, GTs and LTs collected >
7.5-fold the number of individual Culex specimens than HLC
efforts.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The less commonly used HLC
method provides important insight into the complement of
human-biting mosquitoes in a region with consistent WNV
epidemics. This study underscores the value of the HLC
collection method as a complementary tool for surveillance
to aid in WNV vector species characterization. However,
given the added risk to the collector, novel mitigation
methods or alternative approaches must be explored to
incorporate HLC collections safely and strategically into
control programs.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13071-022-05603-1},
Key = {fds370209}
}
@article{fds373495,
Author = {Leosari, Y and Uelmen, JA and Carney, RM},
Title = {Spatial evaluation of healthcare accessibility across
archipelagic communities of Maluku Province,
Indonesia.},
Journal = {PLOS global public health},
Volume = {3},
Number = {3},
Pages = {e0001600},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001600},
Abstract = {The Maluku Province is an underdeveloped region in Indonesia
with over 1,340 scattered islands. Due to the limited health
facilities and transportation infrastructure, access to
healthcare is very challenging. Here, we combined data from
various sources to locate the population clusters, health
facilities, roads, and ports/docks, and then utilize
geographic information systems (GIS) to estimate distances
from residents to health facilities. Health workforce
distribution data was then integrated to elucidate overall
healthcare equity among districts in the province. The
average distances to puskesmas (primary health clinics) were
8.89 km (by land) and 18.43 km (by land and water)
respectively, and the average distances to hospitals were
56.19 km (by land) and 73.09 km (by land and water), with
large disparities within and among districts. Analysis of
health workforce data shows that 65% of 207 puskesmas lack
physicians, while 49% lack midwives. Ambon, Tual, and
Southeast Maluku have the highest health equity, while East
Ceram, Buru, and South Buru have the lowest. In general,
this study demonstrates the utility of GIS and spatial
analyses, which can help identify problem areas in
healthcare accessibility and equity in archipelago settings,
and provide recommendations to stakeholders such as public
health officials and district administrators.},
Doi = {10.1371/journal.pgph.0001600},
Key = {fds373495}
}
@article{fds374605,
Author = {Carney, RM and Long, A and Low, RD and Zohdy, S and Palmer, JRB and Elias,
P and Bartumeus, F and Njoroge, L and Muniafu, M and Uelmen, JA and Rahola,
N and Chellappan, S},
Title = {Citizen Science as an Approach for Responding to the Threat
of Anopheles stephensi in Africa},
Journal = {Citizen Science: Theory and Practice},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.616},
Abstract = {Even as novel technologies emerge and medicines advance,
pathogen-transmitting mosquitoes pose a deadly and
accelerating public health threat. Detecting and mitigating
the spread of Anopheles stephensi in Africa is now critical
to the fight against malaria, as this invasive mosquito
poses urgent and unprecedented risks to the continent.
Unlike typical African vectors of malaria, An. stephensi
breeds in both natural and artificial water reservoirs, and
flourishes in urban environments. With An. stephensi
beginning to take hold in heavily populated settings,
citizen science surveillance supported by novel artificial
intelligence (AI) technologies may offer impactful
opportunities to guide public health decisions and
community-based interventions. Coalitions like the Global
Mosquito Alert Consortium (GMAC) and our freely available
digital products can be incorporated into enhanced
surveillance of An. stephensi and other vector-borne public
health threats. By connecting local citizen science networks
with global databases that are findable, accessible,
interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), we are leveraging a
powerful suite of tools and infrastructure for the early
detection of, and rapid response to, (re)emerging vectors
and diseases.},
Doi = {10.5334/cstp.616},
Key = {fds374605}
}
@article{fds373661,
Author = {Wan, GW and Allen, J and Ge, W and Rawlani, S and Uelmen, J and Mainzer,
LS and Smith, RL},
Title = {Two-Step Light Gradient Boosted Model to identify human West
Nile Virus infection risk factor in Chicago},
Volume = {19},
Number = {1},
Pages = {e0296283},
Booktitle = {medRxiv},
Year = {2023},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.09.23289737},
Abstract = {West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito
bites, causes primarily mild symptoms but can also be fatal.
Therefore, predicting and controlling the spread of West
Nile virus is essential for public health in endemic areas.
We hypothesized that socioeconomic factors may influence
human risk from WNV. We analyzed a list of weather, land
use, mosquito surveillance, and socioeconomic variables for
predicting WNV cases in 1-km hexagonal grids across the
Chicago metropolitan area. We used a two-stage lightGBM
approach to perform the analysis and found that hexagons
with incomes above and below the median are influenced by
the same top characteristics. We found that weather factors
and mosquito infection rates were the strongest common
factors. Land use and socioeconomic variables had relatively
small contributions in predicting WNV cases. The Light GBM
handles unbalanced data sets well and provides meaningful
predictions of the risk of epidemic disease
outbreaks.},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.05.09.23289737},
Key = {fds373661}
}
%% Wall, Christine E.
@article{fds376765,
Author = {Godfrey, LR and Shapiro, LJ and Wall, CE and Wunderlich,
RE},
Title = {In memoriam: William Lee Jungers, Jr.},
Journal = {Journal of human evolution},
Volume = {189},
Pages = {103515},
Year = {2024},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103515},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103515},
Key = {fds376765}
}
@article{fds373370,
Author = {Wall, CE and Hanna, JB and O'Neill, MC and Toler, M and Laird,
MF},
Title = {Energetic costs of feeding in 12 species of small-bodied
primates.},
Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological sciences},
Volume = {378},
Number = {1891},
Pages = {20220553},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0553},
Abstract = {There are no comparative, empirical studies of the energetic
costs of feeding in mammals. As a result, we lack
physiological data to better understand the selection
pressures on the mammalian feeding apparatus and the
influence of variables such as food geometric and material
properties. This study investigates interspecific scaling of
the net energetic costs of feeding in relation to body size,
jaw-adductor muscle mass and food properties in a sample of
12 non-human primate species ranging in size from 0.08 to
4.2 kg. Net energetic costs during feeding were measured by
indirect calorimetry for a variety of pre-cut and whole raw
foods varying in geometric and material properties. Net
feeding costs were determined in two ways: by subtracting
either the initial metabolic rate prior to feeding or
subtracting the postprandial metabolic rate. Interspecific
scaling relationships were evaluated using pGLS and OLS
regression. Net feeding costs scale negatively relative to
both body mass and jaw-adductor mass. Large animals incur
relatively lower feeding costs indicating that small and
large animals experience and solve mechanical challenges in
relation to energetics in different ways. This article is
part of the theme issue 'Food processing and nutritional
assimilation in animals'.},
Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2022.0553},
Key = {fds373370}
}
@article{fds369975,
Author = {Peckre, LR and Fabre, AC and Wall, CE and Pouydebat, E and Whishaw,
IQ},
Title = {Evolutionary History of food Withdraw Movements in Primates:
Food Withdraw is Mediated by Nonvisual Strategies in 22
Species of Strepsirrhines},
Journal = {Evolutionary Biology},
Volume = {50},
Number = {2},
Pages = {206-223},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-023-09598-0},
Abstract = {Anthropoid vision contributes not only to reaching and
grasping but also to the orienting of a food item during the
withdraw movement to precisely place it in the mouth for
eating. The evolutionary history of this visual control of
feeding is not known. It likely evolved from the nonvisual
control of the hand that is used with good effect for eating
in many non-primate animal species. Strepsirrhines are a
relatively large monophyletic group, diverging near the base
of the primate cladogram, and described as using vision to
reach for food. It is not known whether they use vision to
orient food items during the withdraw movement. Video
recordings of 7,464 withdraw movements from 22 species of
captive strepsirrhines eating their normal food provisions
were used to assess whether and how vision contributes to
the withdraw movement. The constituent acts of withdraw
movements, head orientation, body posture, ground-withdraw
and inhand-withdraw, were assessed using frame-by-frame
video inspection. Strepsirrhines were versatile in using
their hands to get food to the mouth. They displayed
variation between and within families that were weakly
related to phylogenetic relationships and mainly related to
feeding niches. There was no evidence that any species used
vision to assist with the withdraw movement. Instead
strepsirrhines used mouth reaching to take food from the
hand and/or perioral contact to positioning food for biting.
Our findings support two hypotheses: that visual mediation
of food orienting for placement in the mouth during the
withdraw movement is an anthropoid innovation, and that the
evolution of the visual control of feeding was not a
singular event.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11692-023-09598-0},
Key = {fds369975}
}
@article{fds367685,
Author = {Fabre, AC and Portela Miguez and R and Wall, CE and Peckre, LR and Ehmke,
E and Boistel, R},
Title = {A review of nose picking in primates with new evidence of
its occurrence in Daubentonia madagascariensis},
Journal = {Journal of Zoology},
Volume = {319},
Number = {2},
Pages = {91-98},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13034},
Abstract = {Nose picking (rhinotillexis) is a common behaviour in humans
which remains, however, poorly studied. Several species of
primates are known to pick their nose and ingest the nasal
mucus suggesting that this behaviour may actually be
beneficial and showing it is not restricted to humans. Here,
we review relevant literature and online sources, and
document the species of primates observed to pick their
nose. We also present the first occurrence of this behaviour
in a species of strepsirrhine primate (lemurs and relatives)
with a unique video showing an aye-aye picking its nose.
While doing so this animal inserts the entire length of its
extra-long, skinny and highly mobile middle finger into the
nasal passages and then licks the nasal mucus collected. We
further investigate the internal anatomy of the nasal cavity
of the aye-aye in order to understand how it can introduce
its entire finger in its nasal cavity and discover that the
finger likely descends into the pharynx. We show that this
behaviour is present in at least 12 species of primates,
most of them also showing great manipulative/tool use skills
and may have some associated benefits that need to be
further investigated. Further comparative studies examining
nose picking and mucophagy in other primate species and
vertebrates in general may shed additional light on its
evolution and possible functional role.},
Doi = {10.1111/jzo.13034},
Key = {fds367685}
}
@article{fds376766,
Author = {Laird, MF and Granatosky, MC and Kanno, CM and Wall, CE and De Oliveira,
JA and Ross, CF},
Title = {The primate feeding system does not optimize energetic
expenditure},
Journal = {AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY},
Volume = {180},
Pages = {99-99},
Year = {2023},
Key = {fds376766}
}
%% Wray, Gregory A.
@article{fds375316,
Author = {Gartner, V and Redelings, BD and Gaither, C and Parr, JB and Kalonji, A and Phanzu, F and Brazeau, NF and Juliano, JJ and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Genomic insights into Plasmodium vivax population structure
and diversity in central Africa.},
Journal = {Malaria journal},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27},
Year = {2024},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04852-y},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>Though Plasmodium vivax is the second
most common malaria species to infect humans, it has not
traditionally been considered a major human health concern
in central Africa given the high prevalence of the human
Duffy-negative phenotype that is believed to prevent
infection. Increasing reports of asymptomatic and
symptomatic infections in Duffy-negative individuals
throughout Africa raise the possibility that P. vivax is
evolving to evade host resistance, but there are few
parasite samples with genomic data available from this part
of the world.<h4>Methods</h4>Whole genome sequencing of one
new P. vivax isolate from the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC) was performed and used in population genomics
analyses to assess how this central African isolate fits
into the global context of this species.<h4>Results</h4>Plasmodium
vivax from DRC is similar to other African populations and
is not closely related to the non-human primate parasite P.
vivax-like. Evidence is found for a duplication of the gene
PvDBP and a single copy of PvDBP2.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These
results suggest an endemic P. vivax population is present in
central Africa. Intentional sampling of P. vivax across
Africa would further contextualize this sample within
African P. vivax diversity and shed light on the mechanisms
of infection in Duffy negative individuals. These results
are limited by the uncertainty of how representative this
single sample is of the larger population of P. vivax in
central Africa.},
Doi = {10.1186/s12936-024-04852-y},
Key = {fds375316}
}
@article{fds373351,
Author = {Devens, HR and Davidson, PL and Byrne, M and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Hybrid Epigenomes Reveal Extensive Local Genetic Changes to
Chromatin Accessibility Contribute to Divergence in
Embryonic Gene Expression Between Species.},
Journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
Volume = {40},
Number = {11},
Pages = {msad222},
Year = {2023},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad222},
Abstract = {Chromatin accessibility plays an important role in shaping
gene expression, yet little is known about the genetic and
molecular mechanisms that influence the evolution of
chromatin configuration. Both local (cis) and distant
(trans) genetic influences can in principle influence
chromatin accessibility and are based on distinct molecular
mechanisms. We, therefore, sought to characterize the role
that each of these plays in altering chromatin accessibility
in 2 closely related sea urchin species. Using hybrids of
Heliocidaris erythrogramma and Heliocidaris tuberculata, and
adapting a statistical framework previously developed for
the analysis of cis and trans influences on the
transcriptome, we examined how these mechanisms shape the
regulatory landscape at 3 important developmental stages,
and compared our results to similar analyses of the
transcriptome. We found extensive cis- and trans-based
influences on evolutionary changes in chromatin, with cis
effects generally larger in effect. Evolutionary changes in
accessibility and gene expression are correlated, especially
when expression has a local genetic basis. Maternal
influences appear to have more of an effect on chromatin
accessibility than on gene expression, persisting well past
the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Chromatin accessibility
near gene regulatory network genes appears to be distinctly
regulated, with trans factors appearing to play an outsized
role in the configuration of chromatin near these genes.
Together, our results represent the first attempt to
quantify cis and trans influences on evolutionary divergence
in chromatin configuration in an outbred natural study
system and suggest that chromatin regulation is more
genetically complex than was previously appreciated.},
Doi = {10.1093/molbev/msad222},
Key = {fds373351}
}
@article{fds371103,
Author = {Davidson, PL and Lessios, HA and Wray, GA and McMillan, WO and Prada,
C},
Title = {Near-Chromosomal-Level Genome Assembly of the Sea Urchin
Echinometra lucunter, a Model for Speciation in the
Sea.},
Journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
Volume = {15},
Number = {6},
Pages = {evad093},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad093},
Abstract = {Echinometra lucunter, the rock-boring sea urchin, is a
widely distributed echinoid and a model for ecological
studies of reproduction, responses to climate change, and
speciation. We present a near chromosome-level genome
assembly of E. lucunter, including 21 scaffolds larger than
10 Mb predicted to represent each of the chromosomes of the
species. The 760.4 Mb assembly includes a scaffold N50 of
30.0 Mb and BUSCO (benchmarking universal single-copy
orthologue) single copy and a duplicated score of 95.8% and
1.4%, respectively. Ab-initio gene model prediction and
annotation with transcriptomic data constructed 33,989 gene
models composing 50.4% of the assembly, including 37,036
transcripts. Repetitive elements make up approximately 39.6%
of the assembly, and unresolved gap sequences are estimated
to be 0.65%. Whole genome alignment with Echinometra sp. EZ
revealed high synteny and conservation between the two
species, further bolstering Echinometra as an emerging genus
for comparative genomics studies. This genome assembly
represents a high-quality genomic resource for future
evolutionary and developmental studies of this species and
more broadly of echinoderms.},
Doi = {10.1093/gbe/evad093},
Key = {fds371103}
}
@article{fds371409,
Author = {Massri, AJ and McDonald, B and Wray, GA and McClay,
DR},
Title = {Feedback circuits are numerous in embryonic gene regulatory
networks and offer a stabilizing influence on evolution of
those networks.},
Journal = {EvoDevo},
Volume = {14},
Number = {1},
Pages = {10},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13227-023-00214-y},
Abstract = {The developmental gene regulatory networks (dGRNs) of two
sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus (Lv) and
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp), have remained remarkably
similar despite about 50 million years since a common
ancestor. Hundreds of parallel experimental perturbations of
transcription factors with similar outcomes support this
conclusion. A recent scRNA-seq analysis suggested that the
earliest expression of several genes within the dGRNs
differs between Lv and Sp. Here, we present a careful
reanalysis of the dGRNs in these two species, paying close
attention to timing of first expression. We find that
initial expression of genes critical for cell fate
specification occurs during several compressed time periods
in both species. Previously unrecognized feedback circuits
are inferred from the temporally corrected dGRNs. Although
many of these feedbacks differ in location within the
respective GRNs, the overall number is similar between
species. We identify several prominent differences in timing
of first expression for key developmental regulatory genes;
comparison with a third species indicates that these
heterochronies likely originated in an unbiased manner with
respect to embryonic cell lineage and evolutionary branch.
Together, these results suggest that interactions can evolve
even within highly conserved dGRNs and that feedback
circuits may buffer the effects of heterochronies in the
expression of key regulatory genes.},
Doi = {10.1186/s13227-023-00214-y},
Key = {fds371409}
}
@article{fds369829,
Author = {Xing, L and Wang, L and Roos, F and Lee, M and Wray,
GA},
Title = {CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Disruption of Endo16 Cis-Regulatory
Elements in Sea Urchin Embryos},
Journal = {Fishes},
Volume = {8},
Number = {2},
Year = {2023},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020118},
Abstract = {Sea urchins have become significant mariculture species
globally, and also serve as invertebrate model organisms in
developmental biology. Cis-regulatory elements (enhancers)
control development and physiology by regulating gene
expression. Mutations that affect the function of these
sequences may contribute to phenotypic diversity.
Cis-regulatory targets offer new breeding potential for the
future. Here, we use the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt an
enhancer of Endo16 in developing Lytechinus variegatus
embryos, in consideration of the thorough research on
Endo16’s regulatory region. We designed six gRNAs against
Endo16 Module A (the most proximal region of regulatory
sequences, which activates transcription in the vegetal
plate and archenteron, specifically) and discovered that
Endo16 Module A-disrupted embryos failed to undergo
gastrulation at 20 h post fertilization. This result partly
phenocopies morpholino knockdowns of Endo16. Moreover, we
conducted qPCR and clone sequencing experiments to verify
these results. Although mutations were not found regularly
from sequencing affected individuals, we discuss some
potential causes. In conclusion, our study provides a
feasible and informative method for studying the function of
cis-regulatory elements in sea urchins, and contributes to
echinoderm precision breeding technology innovation and
aquaculture industry development.},
Doi = {10.3390/fishes8020118},
Key = {fds369829}
}
@article{fds373652,
Author = {Devens, HR and Davidson, PL and Byrne, M and Wray,
GA},
Title = {Hybrid epigenomes reveal extensive local genetic changes to
chromatin accessibility contribute to divergence in
embryonic gene expression between species.},
Journal = {bioRxiv},
Year = {2023},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522781},
Abstract = {Chromatin accessibility plays an important role in shaping
gene expression patterns across development and evolution;
however, little is known about the genetic and molecular
mechanisms that influence chromatin configuration itself.
Because cis and trans influences can both theoretically
influence the accessibility of the epigenome, we sought to
better characterize the role that both of these mechanisms
play in altering chromatin accessibility in two closely
related sea urchin species. Using hybrids of the two
species, and adapting a statistical framework previously
developed for the analysis of cis and trans influences on
the transcriptome, we examined how these mechanisms shape
the regulatory landscape at three important developmental
stages, and compared our results to similar patterns in the
transcriptome. We found extensive cis- and trans-based
influences on evolutionary changes in chromatin, with cis
effects slightly more numerous and larger in effect. Genetic
mechanisms influencing gene expression and chromatin
configuration are correlated, but differ in several
important ways. Maternal influences also appear to have more
of an effect on chromatin accessibility than on gene
expression, persisting well past the maternal-to-zygotic
transition. Furthermore, chromatin accessibility near GRN
genes appears to be regulated differently than the rest of
the epigenome, and indicates that trans factors may play an
outsized role in the configuration of chromatin near these
genes. Together, our results represent the first attempt to
quantify cis and trans influences on evolutionary divergence
in chromatin configuration in an outbred natural study
system, and suggest that the regulation of chromatin is more
genetically complex than was previously appreciated.},
Doi = {10.1101/2023.01.04.522781},
Key = {fds373652}
}
%% Yoder, Anne D.
@article{fds373355,
Author = {Tiley, GP and Crowl, AA and Almary, TOM and Luke, WRQ and Solofondranohatra, CL and Besnard, G and Lehmann, CER and Yoder, AD and Vorontsova, MS},
Title = {Genetic variation in Loudetia simplex supports the presence
of ancient grasslands in Madagascar},
Journal = {Plants People Planet},
Volume = {6},
Number = {2},
Pages = {315-329},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10437},
Abstract = {Societal Impact Statement: Recognizing Loudetia-dominated
grasslands were widespread prior to human colonization
highlights that open ecosystems were and continue to be an
important component of Madagascar's biodiversity. A better
understanding of the plant species that form grassland
ecosystems is necessary for effective land management
strategies that support livelihoods, but substantial
financial and logistical barriers exist to implementing
conservation genetic studies using contemporary genomic
tools. Some challenges for population genetic analyses of
non-model polyploids lacking reference genomes can be
ameliorated by developing computational resources that
leverage a cost-effective data generation strategy that
requires no prior genetic knowledge of the target species.
This may benefit conservation programs with small operating
budgets while reducing uncertainty compared to status quo
microsatellite assays. Summary: The extent of Madagascar's
grasslands prior to human colonization is unresolved. We
used population genetic analyses of a broadly dominant C4
fire-adapted grass, Loudetia simplex, as a proxy for
estimating grassland change through time. We carefully
examined the utility of target-enrichment data for
population genetics to make recommendations for conservation
genetics. We explored the potential of estimating individual
ploidy levels from target-enrichment data and how
assumptions about ploidy could affect analyses. We developed
a novel bioinformatic pipeline to estimate ploidy and
genotypes from target-enrichment data. We estimated standard
population genetic summary statistics in addition to species
trees and population structure. Extended Bayesian skyline
plots provided estimates of population size through time for
empirical and simulated data. All Malagasy L. simplex
individuals sampled in this study formed a clade and
possibly indicated an ancestral Central Highland
distribution of 800 m in altitude and above. Demographic
models suggested grassland expansions occurred prior to the
Last Interglacial Period and supported extensive grasslands
prior to human colonization. Though there are limitations to
target-enrichment data for population genetic studies, we
find that analyses of population structure are reliable.
Genetic variation in L. simplex supports widespread
grasslands in Madagascar prior to the more recent periods of
notable paleoclimatic change. However, the methods explored
here could not differentiate between paleoclimatic change
near the Last Glacial Maximum and anthropogenic effects.
Target-enrichment data can be a valuable tool for analyses
of population structure in the absence a reference
genome.},
Doi = {10.1002/ppp3.10437},
Key = {fds373355}
}
@article{fds376710,
Author = {Blanco, MB and Smith, DL and Greene, LK and Yoder, AD and Ehmke, EE and Lin, J and Klopfer, PH},
Title = {Telomere dynamics during hibernation in a tropical
primate.},
Journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic,
and environmental physiology},
Year = {2024},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-024-01541-9},
Abstract = {Hibernation is a widespread metabolic strategy among mammals
for surviving periods of food scarcity. During hibernation,
animals naturally alternate between metabolically depressed
torpor bouts and energetically expensive arousals without
ill effects. As a result, hibernators are promising models
for investigating mechanisms that buffer against cellular
stress, including telomere protection and restoration. In
non-hibernators, telomeres, the protective structural ends
of chromosomes, shorten with age and metabolic stress. In
temperate hibernators, however, telomere shortening and
elongation can occur in response to changing environmental
conditions and associated metabolic state. We investigate
telomere dynamics in a tropical hibernating primate, the
fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius). In captivity,
these lemurs can hibernate when maintained under cold
temperatures (11-15 °C) with limited food provisioning. We
study telomere dynamics in eight fat-tailed dwarf lemurs at
the Duke Lemur Center, USA, from samples collected before,
during, and after the hibernation season and assayed via
qPCR. Contrary to our predictions, we found that telomeres
were maintained or even lengthened during hibernation, but
shortened immediately thereafter. During hibernation,
telomere lengthening was negatively correlated with time in
euthermia. Although preliminary in scope, our findings
suggest that there may be a preemptive, compensatory
mechanism to maintain telomere integrity in dwarf lemurs
during hibernation. Nevertheless, telomere shortening
immediately afterward may broadly result in similar outcomes
across seasons. Future studies could profitably investigate
the mechanisms that offset telomere shortening within and
outside of the hibernation season and whether those
mechanisms are modulated by energy surplus or
crises.},
Doi = {10.1007/s00360-024-01541-9},
Key = {fds376710}
}
@article{fds375381,
Author = {Paietta, EN and Kraberger, S and Regney, M and Custer, JM and Ehmke, E and Yoder, AD and Varsani, A},
Title = {Interspecies Papillomavirus Type Infection and a Novel
Papillomavirus Type in Red Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia
rubra).},
Journal = {Viruses},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1},
Pages = {37},
Year = {2023},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16010037},
Abstract = {The <i>Papillomaviridae</i> are a family of
vertebrate-infecting viruses of oncogenic potential
generally thought to be host species- and tissue-specific.
Despite their phylogenetic relatedness to humans, there is a
scarcity of data on papillomaviruses (PVs) in speciose
non-human primate lineages, particularly the lemuriform
primates. <i>Varecia variegata</i> (black-and-white ruffed
lemurs) and <i>Varecia rubra</i> (red ruffed lemurs), two
closely related species comprising the <i>Varecia</i> genus,
are critically endangered with large global captive
populations. Varecia variegata papillomavirus (VavPV) types
-1 and -2, the first PVs in lemurs with a fully identified
genome, were previously characterized from captive <i>V.
variegata</i> saliva. To build upon this discovery, saliva
samples were collected from captive <i>V. rubra</i> with the
following aims: (1) to identify PVs shared between <i>V.
variegata</i> and <i>V. rubra</i> and (2) to characterize
novel PVs in <i>V. rubra</i> to better understand PV
diversity in the lemuriform primates. Three complete PV
genomes were determined from <i>V. rubra</i> samples. Two of
these PV genomes share 98% L1 nucleotide identity with
VavPV2, denoting interspecies infection of <i>V. rubra</i>
by VavPV2. This work represents the first reported case of
interspecies PV infection amongst the strepsirrhine
primates. The third PV genome shares <68% L1 nucleotide
identity with that of all PVs. Thus, it represents a new PV
species and has been named Varecia rubra papillomavirus 1
(VarPV1). VavPV1, VavPV2, and VarPV1 form a new clade within
the <i>Papillomaviridae</i> family, likely representing a
novel genus. Future work diversifying sample collection
(i.e., lemur host species from multiple genera, sample type,
geographic location, and wild populations) is likely to
uncover a world of diverse lemur PVs.},
Doi = {10.3390/v16010037},
Key = {fds375381}
}
@article{fds372243,
Author = {Tiley, GP and Flouri, T and Jiao, X and Poelstra, JW and Xu, B and Zhu, T and Rannala, B and Yoder, AD and Yang, Z},
Title = {Estimation of species divergence times in presence of
cross-species gene flow.},
Journal = {Systematic biology},
Volume = {72},
Number = {4},
Pages = {820-836},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syad015},
Abstract = {Cross-species introgression can have significant impacts on
phylogenomic reconstruction of species divergence events.
Here, we used simulations to show how the presence of even a
small amount of introgression can bias divergence time
estimates when gene flow is ignored in the analysis. Using
advances in analytical methods under the multispecies
coalescent (MSC) model, we demonstrate that by accounting
for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression using large
phylogenomic data sets this problem can be avoided. The
multispecies-coalescent-with-introgression (MSci) model is
capable of accurately estimating both divergence times and
ancestral effective population sizes, even when only a
single diploid individual per species is sampled. We
characterize some general expectations for biases in
divergence time estimation under three different scenarios:
1) introgression between sister species, 2) introgression
between non-sister species, and 3) introgression from an
unsampled (i.e., ghost) outgroup lineage. We also conducted
simulations under the isolation-with-migration (IM) model
and found that the MSci model assuming episodic gene flow
was able to accurately estimate species divergence times
despite high levels of continuous gene flow. We estimated
divergence times under the MSC and MSci models from two
published empirical datasets with previous evidence of
introgression, one of 372 target-enrichment loci from
baobabs (Adansonia), and another of 1000 transcriptome loci
from 14 species of the tomato relative, Jaltomata. The
empirical analyses not only confirm our findings from
simulations, demonstrating that the MSci model can reliably
estimate divergence times but also show that divergence time
estimation under the MSC can be robust to the presence of
small amounts of introgression in empirical datasets with
extensive taxon sampling. [divergence time; gene flow;
hybridization; introgression; MSci model; multispecies
coalescent].},
Doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syad015},
Key = {fds372243}
}
@article{fds373354,
Author = {Paietta, EN and Kraberger, S and Custer, JM and Vargas, KL and Espy, C and Ehmke, E and Yoder, AD and Varsani, A},
Title = {Characterization of Diverse Anelloviruses, Cressdnaviruses,
and Bacteriophages in the Human Oral DNA Virome from North
Carolina (USA).},
Journal = {Viruses},
Volume = {15},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1821},
Year = {2023},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15091821},
Abstract = {The diversity of viruses identified from the various niches
of the human oral cavity-from saliva to dental plaques to
the surface of the tongue-has accelerated in the age of
metagenomics. This rapid expansion demonstrates that our
understanding of oral viral diversity is incomplete, with
only a few studies utilizing passive drool collection in
conjunction with metagenomic sequencing methods. For this
pilot study, we obtained 14 samples from healthy staff
members working at the Duke Lemur Center (Durham, NC, USA)
to determine the viral diversity that can be identified in
passive drool samples from humans. The complete genomes of 3
anelloviruses, 9 cressdnaviruses, 4 <i>Caudoviricetes</i>
large bacteriophages, 29 microviruses, and 19 inoviruses
were identified in this study using high-throughput
sequencing and viral metagenomic workflows. The results
presented here expand our understanding of the
vertebrate-infecting and microbe-infecting viral diversity
of the human oral virome in North Carolina
(USA).},
Doi = {10.3390/v15091821},
Key = {fds373354}
}
@article{fds371579,
Author = {van Elst, T and Schüßler, D and Rakotondravony, R and Rovanirina,
VST and Veillet, A and Hohenlohe, PA and Ratsimbazafy, JH and Rasoloarison, RM and Rasoloharijaona, S and Randrianambinina, B and Ramilison, ML and Yoder, AD and Louis, EE and Radespiel,
U},
Title = {Diversification processes in Gerp's mouse lemur demonstrate
the importance of rivers and altitude as biogeographic
barriers in Madagascar's humid rainforests.},
Journal = {Ecology and evolution},
Volume = {13},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e10254},
Year = {2023},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10254},
Abstract = {Madagascar exhibits exceptionally high levels of
biodiversity and endemism. Models to explain the
diversification and distribution of species in Madagascar
stress the importance of historical variability in climate
conditions which may have led to the formation of geographic
barriers by changing water and habitat availability. The
relative importance of these models for the diversification
of the various forest-adapted taxa of Madagascar has yet to
be understood. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographic
history of Gerp's mouse lemur (<i>Microcebus gerpi</i>) to
identify relevant mechanisms and drivers of diversification
in Madagascar's humid rainforests. We used restriction site
associated DNA (RAD) markers and applied population genomic
and coalescent-based techniques to estimate genetic
diversity, population structure, gene flow and divergence
times among <i>M. gerpi</i> populations and its two sister
species <i>M. jollyae</i> and <i>M. marohita</i>.
Genomic results were complemented with ecological niche
models to better understand the relative barrier function of
rivers and altitude. We show that <i>M. gerpi</i>
diversified during the late Pleistocene. The inferred
ecological niche, patterns of gene flow and genetic
differentiation in <i>M. gerpi</i> suggest that the
potential for rivers to act as biogeographic barriers
depended on both size and elevation of headwaters.
Populations on opposite sides of the largest river in the
area with headwaters that extend far into the highlands show
particularly high genetic differentiation, whereas rivers
with lower elevation headwaters have weaker barrier
functions, indicated by higher migration rates and
admixture. We conclude that <i>M. gerpi</i> likely
diversified through repeated cycles of dispersal punctuated
by isolation to refugia as a result of paleoclimatic
fluctuations during the Pleistocene. We argue that this
diversification scenario serves as a model of
diversification for other rainforest taxa that are similarly
limited by geographic factors. In addition, we highlight
conservation implications for this critically endangered
species, which faces extreme habitat loss and
fragmentation.},
Doi = {10.1002/ece3.10254},
Key = {fds371579}
}
@article{fds371107,
Author = {Shao, Y and Zhou, L and Li, F and Zhao, L and Zhang, B-L and Shao, F and Chen,
J-W and Chen, C-Y and Bi, X and Zhuang, X-L and Zhu, H-L and Hu, J and Sun, Z and Li, X and Wang, D and Rivas-González, I and Wang, S and Wang, Y-M and Chen, W and Li, G and Lu, H-M and Liu, Y and Kuderna, LFK and Farh, KK-H and Fan, P-F and Yu, L and Li, M and Liu, Z-J and Tiley, GP and Yoder, AD and Roos, C and Hayakawa, T and Marques-Bonet, T and Rogers, J and Stenson,
PD and Cooper, DN and Schierup, MH and Yao, Y-G and Zhang, Y-P and Wang, W and Qi, X-G and Zhang, G and Wu, D-D},
Title = {Phylogenomic analyses provide insights into primate
evolution.},
Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
Volume = {380},
Number = {6648},
Pages = {913-924},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn6919},
Abstract = {Comparative analysis of primate genomes within a
phylogenetic context is essential for understanding the
evolution of human genetic architecture and primate
diversity. We present such a study of 50 primate species
spanning 38 genera and 14 families, including 27 genomes
first reported here, with many from previously less well
represented groups, the New World monkeys and the
Strepsirrhini. Our analyses reveal heterogeneous rates of
genomic rearrangement and gene evolution across primate
lineages. Thousands of genes under positive selection in
different lineages play roles in the nervous, skeletal, and
digestive systems and may have contributed to primate
innovations and adaptations. Our study reveals that many key
genomic innovations occurred in the Simiiformes ancestral
node and may have had an impact on the adaptive radiation of
the Simiiformes and human evolution.},
Doi = {10.1126/science.abn6919},
Key = {fds371107}
}