Publications of Duncan Thomas
%%
@article{fds373534,
Author = {Lawton, R and Frankenberg, E and Seeman, T and Crimmins, E and Sumantri,
C and Thomas, D},
Title = {Exposure to the Indian Ocean Tsunami shapes the HPA-axis
resulting in HPA "burnout" 14 years later.},
Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America},
Volume = {120},
Number = {44},
Pages = {e2306497120},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
Abstract = {Despite significant research on the effects of stress on the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, questions remain
regarding long-term impacts of large-scale stressors.
Leveraging data on exposure to an unanticipated major
natural disaster, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, we provide
causal evidence of its imprint on hair cortisol levels
fourteen years later. Data are drawn from the Study of the
Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery, a population-representative
longitudinal study of tsunami survivors who were living
along the coast of Aceh, Indonesia, when the tsunami hit.
Annual rounds of data, collected before, the year after and
2 y after the disaster provide detailed information about
tsunami exposures and self-reported symptoms of
post-traumatic stress. Hair samples collected 14 y after the
tsunami from a sample of adult participants provide measures
of cortisol levels, integrated over several months. Hair
cortisol concentrations are substantially and significantly
lower among females who were living, at the time of the
tsunami, in communities directly damaged by the tsunami, in
comparison with similar females living in other, nearby
communities. Differences among males are small and not
significant. Cortisol concentrations are lowest among those
females living in damaged communities who reported elevated
post-traumatic stress symptoms persistently for two years
after the tsunami, indicating that the negative effects of
exposure were largest for them. Low cortisol is also
associated with contemporaneous reports of poor self-rated
general and psychosocial health. Taken together, the
evidence points to dysregulation in the HPA axis and
"burnout" among these females fourteen years after exposure
to the disaster.},
Doi = {10.1073/pnas.2306497120},
Key = {fds373534}
}
@article{fds370860,
Author = {Ingwersen, N and Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Evolution of Risk Aversion over Five Years after a Major
Natural Disaster.},
Journal = {Journal of development economics},
Volume = {163},
Pages = {103095},
Year = {2023},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {The impact of exposure to a major unanticipated natural
disaster on the evolution of survivors' attitudes toward
risk is examined, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation
in exposure to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in combination
with rich population-representative longitudinal survey data
spanning the five years after the tsunami. Respondents chose
among pairs of hypothetical income streams. Those directly
exposed to the tsunami made choices consistent with greater
willingness to take on risk relative to those not directly
exposed to the tsunami. These differences are short-lived:
starting a year later, there is no evidence of differences
in willingness to take on risk between the two groups. These
conclusions hold for tsunami-related exposures measured at
the individual and community level. Apparently, tsunami
survivors were inclined to assume greater financial risk in
the short-term while rebuilding their lives after the
disaster.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103095},
Key = {fds370860}
}
@misc{fds374344,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Sumantri, C and Thomas, D},
Title = {Understanding the Impacts of a Natural Disaster: Evidence
from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami},
Pages = {151-166},
Booktitle = {Island Ecosystems},
Publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
Year = {2023},
ISBN = {9783031280887},
Doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-28089-4_11},
Key = {fds374344}
}
@article{fds365833,
Author = {Karlamangla, AS and Almeida, DM and Lachman, ME and Merkin, SS and Thomas, D and Seeman, TE},
Title = {Diurnal dynamic range as index of dysregulation of system
dynamics. A cortisol examplar using data from the Study of
Midlife in the United States.},
Journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
Volume = {142},
Pages = {105804},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
Abstract = {We discuss the importance of including measures of
dysregulated system dynamics in the operationalization of
allostatic load. The concept of allostatic load, as
originally proposed by McEwen and Stellar, included
dysregulation not only in the resting state of physiological
systems, but also in system dynamics. We describe previous
work on cortisol diurnal dynamic range (peak to nadir
spread) as an index of the health of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with compression of
dynamic range being a marker of dysregulation. In
particular, we review the evidence for a) diurnal dynamic
range compression in people from disadvantaged backgrounds,
b) cross-sectional association of cortisol diurnal dynamic
range compression with dysregulation in other systems'
resting states, and c) cross-sectional association of
cortisol diurnal dynamic range compression with lower scores
on cognitive testing. Then, we present new data from the
Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) on
longitudinal associations of cortisol dynamic range
compression with subsequent cognitive decline and all-cause
mortality. Briefly, each standard deviation decrement in
cortisol diurnal dynamic range is associated with adjusted
mortality hazard ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval:
1.19, 1.54). Among those who scored at median or lower in
executive functioning at baseline and survive, each standard
deviation decrement in cortisol dynamic range is associated
with 1% greater decline in executive functioning over a
decade (95% confidence interval: 0.4%, 2.0%). We conclude
that including measures of system dynamics like diurnal
dynamic range in the next generation of allostatic load
measurement will likely advance understanding of the
cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress and life
experiences, and improve the prediction of future health
consequences.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105804},
Key = {fds365833}
}
@article{fds365834,
Author = {Beach, B and Brown, R and Ferrie, J and Saavedra, M and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Reevaluating the Long-Term Impact of In Utero Exposure to
the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.},
Journal = {The journal of political economy},
Volume = {130},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1963-1990},
Year = {2022},
Month = {July},
Abstract = {Almond (2006) argues that in utero exposure to the 1918
influenza pandemic reduced the 1919 birth cohort's adult
socioeconomic status (SES). We show that this cohort came
from lower-SES families, which is incompatible with Almond's
cohort-comparison identification strategy. The adult SES
deficit is reduced after background characteristics are
controlled for; it is small and statistically insignificant
in models that include household fixed effects. Replicating
Almond's state-level dose-response analysis, we find no
evidence in census data that influenza exposure reduced
adult SES. Evidence from a city-level dose-response analysis
on educational attainment using WWII enlistees from 287
cities is mixed.},
Doi = {10.1086/719757},
Key = {fds365834}
}
@article{fds364043,
Author = {Laurito, MM and Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Effects of Housing Aid on Psychosocial Health after a
Disaster.},
Journal = {International journal of environmental research and public
health},
Volume = {19},
Number = {12},
Pages = {7302},
Year = {2022},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {Little is known about whether the provision of aid in the
aftermath of a large-scale natural disaster affects
psychological well-being. We investigate the effects of
housing assistance, a key element of the reconstruction
program implemented after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Population-representative individual-level longitudinal data
collected in Aceh, Indonesia, during the decade after the
tsunami as part of the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and
Recovery (STAR) are used. Housing aid was targeted to people
whose homes were destroyed and, to a lesser extent, damaged
by the tsunami and to those who lived, at the time of the
tsunami, in communities that sustained the greatest damage.
The effects of receipt of aid on post-traumatic stress
reactivity (PTSR) are examined using panel data models that
take into account observed and unobserved
individual-specific fixed characteristics that affect both
PTSR and aid receipt, drawing comparisons in each survey
wave between individuals who had been living in the same
<i>kecamatan</i> when the tsunami hit. Those who received
aid have better psychological health; the effects increase
with time since aid receipt and are the greatest at two
years or longer after the receipt. The effects are
concentrated among those whose homes were destroyed in the
tsunami.},
Doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127302},
Key = {fds364043}
}
@article{fds363907,
Author = {Thomas, D and Lawton, R and Brown, T and Kranton,
R},
Title = {Prevalence, severity and distribution of depression and
anxiety symptoms using observational data collected before
and nine months into the COVID-19 pandemic.},
Journal = {Lancet regional health. Americas},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {100009},
Year = {2021},
Month = {September},
Abstract = {<h4>Background</h4>The COVID-19 pandemic has been
accompanied by substantial increases in adverse mental
health, particularly among the young. However, it remains
unclear to what extent increases in population scores on
mental health assessments are due to changes in prevalence,
rather than severity of symptoms. Further, it is not obvious
that widely used assessments of aggregate symptoms retain
their typical interpretation during an event that directly
disrupts behavior.<h4>Methods</h4>Pre-pandemic data on
workers age 18-69y in the 2019 National Health Interview
Survey are reweighted to match distributions of demographic
characteristics of Duke University employees surveyed nine
months into the pandemic. The latter population was at low
risk of infection or economic insecurity. Prevalence,
severity, and scores for each of nine symptoms are compared
overall and by age group.<h4>Outcomes</h4>Elevated
psychological distress is primarily driven by increases in
prevalence of particular symptoms. Prevalence of trouble
concentrating increased six-fold from 9.6% to 72.5%. Other
symptoms increased by over one-third; feeling anxious,
having little interest, feeling depressed, sleep problems
and being irritable, while some symptoms rose only 10% or
less. Severity also increased but magnitudes are small
relative to prevalence changes. Escalation in prevalence and
severity are greatest for the youngest.<h4>Interpretation</h4>Some
of the least prevalent symptoms pre-pandemic became the most
prevalent during the pandemic, affecting interpretation of
indices validated pre-pandemic. Clinical and policy
interventions should focus on specific symptoms that
increased including trouble concentrating and
anxiety.<h4>Funding</h4>Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
and Social Science Research Institute at Duke
University.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.lana.2021.100009},
Key = {fds363907}
}
@article{fds350392,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Sumantri, C and Thomas, D},
Title = {Effects of a natural disaster on mortality risks over the
longer term.},
Journal = {Nature sustainability},
Volume = {3},
Number = {8},
Pages = {614-619},
Year = {2020},
Month = {August},
Abstract = {Exposure to disasters and other extreme events is rising
across the globe but the impact on long-term mortality risks
of affected populations is not established. We examine how
mortality and individual-specific traumatic exposures at the
time of the disaster affect mortality risks of survivors
over the next ten years, using data from Aceh, Indonesia
collected before and after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.
Across communities, the higher the percentage of individuals
killed in the tsunami, the lower the mortality rate for
adults over the next decade. However, among older adults
post-disaster mortality is elevated for males with poor
post-tsunami psychosocial health and for females whose
spouse died in the tsunami. Individual-specific tsunami
exposures do not affect mortality of younger adults within
the 10 year time frame. Whereas positive mortality selection
is evident for all adults, scarring is evident only for
older adults and is large enough to substantively counteract
the reductions in risk from positive mortality
selection.},
Doi = {10.1038/s41893-020-0536-3},
Key = {fds350392}
}
@article{fds348971,
Author = {LaFave, D and Peet, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Farm Profits, Prices and Household Behavior},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds348971}
}
@article{fds348972,
Author = {A. Rangel and M and Thomas, D},
Title = {Decision-Making in Complex Households},
Year = {2020},
Month = {January},
Key = {fds348972}
}
@article{fds325569,
Author = {Brown, R and Montalva, V and Thomas, D and Velásquez,
A},
Title = {Impact of violent crime on risk aversion: Evidence from the
mexican drug war},
Journal = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
Volume = {101},
Number = {5},
Pages = {892-904},
Year = {2019},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {Whereas attitudes toward risk play an important role in many
decisions over the life course, factors that affect those
attitudes are not fully understood. Using longitudinal
survey data collected in Mexico before and during the
Mexican war on drugs, we investigate how risk attitudes
change with variation in insecurity and uncertainty brought
on by unprecedented changes in local-area violent crime.
Exploiting the fact that the timing, virulence, and spatial
distribution of changes in violent crime were unanticipated,
we establish there is a rise in risk aversion spread across
the entire local population as local-area violent crime
increases.},
Doi = {10.1162/rest_a_00788},
Key = {fds325569}
}
@article{fds336356,
Author = {Thomas, D and Seeman, T and Potter, A and Hu, P and Crimmins, E and Herningtyas, EH and Sumantri, C and Frankenberg,
E},
Title = {HPLC-based Measurement of Glycated Hemoglobin using Dried
Blood Spots Collected under Adverse Field
Conditions.},
Journal = {Biodemography and social biology},
Volume = {64},
Number = {1},
Pages = {43-62},
Year = {2018},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured using high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays with venous blood and
dried blood spots (DBS) are compared for 143 paired samples
collected in Aceh, Indonesia. Relative to gold-standard
venous-blood values, DBS-based values reported by the HPLC
are systematically upward biased for HbA1c<8% and the
fraction diabetic (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) is overstated almost
five-fold. Inspection of chromatograms from DBS assays
indicates the % glycosylated calculated by the HPLC excludes
part of the hemoglobin A which is misidentified as a
hemoglobin variant. Taking this into account, unbiased
DBS-based values are computed using data from the
machine-generated chromatograms. When the DBS are collected
in a clinic-like setting, under controlled
humidity/temperature conditions, the recalculated values are
almost identical to venous-based values. When DBS are
collected under field conditions, the recalculated values
are unbiased, but only about half the HbA1c values are
measured reliably, calling into question the validity of the
other half. The results suggest that collection conditions,
particularly humidity, affect the quality of the DBS-based
measures. Cross-validating DBS-based HbA1c values with
venous samples collected under exactly the same
environmental conditions is a prudent investment in
population-based studies.},
Doi = {10.1080/19485565.2018.1451300},
Key = {fds336356}
}
@article{fds329003,
Author = {Ho, JY and Frankenberg, E and Sumantri, C and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Adult Mortality Five Years after a Natural
Disaster.},
Journal = {Population and development review},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {467-490},
Year = {2017},
Month = {September},
Abstract = {Exposure to extreme events has been hypothesized to affect
subsequent mortality because of mortality selection and
scarring effects of the event itself. We examine survival at
and in the five years after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
and tsunami for a population-representative sample of
residents of Aceh, Indonesia who were differentially exposed
to the disaster. For this population, the dynamics of
selection and scarring are a complex function of the degree
of tsunami impact in the community, the nature of individual
exposures, age at exposure, and gender. Among individuals
from tsunami-affected communities we find evidence for
positive mortality selection among older individuals, with
stronger effects for males than for females, and that this
selection dominates any scarring impact of stressful
exposures that elevate mortality. Among individuals from
other communities, where mortality selection does not play a
role, there is evidence of scarring with property loss
associated with elevated mortality risks in the five years
after the disaster among adults age 50 or older at the time
of the disaster.},
Doi = {10.1111/padr.12075},
Key = {fds329003}
}
@article{fds321974,
Author = {LaFave, D and Thomas, D},
Title = {Height and cognition at work: Labor market productivity in a
low income setting.},
Journal = {Economics and human biology},
Volume = {25},
Pages = {52-64},
Year = {2017},
Month = {May},
Abstract = {Taller workers earn more, particularly in lower income
settings. It has been argued that adult height is a marker
of strength which is rewarded in the labor market; a proxy
for cognitive performance or other dimensions of human
capital such as school quality; a proxy for health status;
and a proxy for family background and genetic
characteristics. As a result, the argument goes, height is
rewarded in the labor market because it is an informative
signal of worker quality to an employer. It has also been
argued that the height premium is driven by occupational and
sectoral choice. This paper evaluates the relative
importance of these potential mechanisms underlying the link
between adult stature and labor market productivity in a
specific low income setting, rural Central Java, Indonesia.
Drawing on twelve waves of longitudinal survey data, we
establish that height predicts hourly earnings after
controlling education, multiple indicators of cognitive
performance and physical health status, measures of family
background, sectoral and occupational choice, as well as
local area market characteristics. The height premium is
large and significant in both the wage and self-employed
sectors indicating height is not only a signal of worker
quality to employers. Since adult stature is largely
determined in the first few years of life, we conclude that
exposures during this critical period have an enduring
impact on labor market productivity.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2016.10.008},
Key = {fds321974}
}
@article{fds327861,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Human Capital and Shocks: Evidence on Education, Health and
Nutrition},
Journal = {NBER},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds327861}
}
@misc{fds328334,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Friedman, J and Ingwersen, N and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Linear child growth after a natural disaster: a longitudinal
study of the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami},
Journal = {LANCET},
Volume = {389},
Pages = {21-21},
Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC},
Year = {2017},
Month = {April},
Key = {fds328334}
}
@article{fds321975,
Author = {LaFave, D and Thomas, D},
Title = {Farms, Families, and Markets: New Evidence on Completeness
of Markets in Agricultural Settings.},
Journal = {Econometrica : journal of the Econometric
Society},
Volume = {84},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1917-1960},
Year = {2016},
Month = {September},
Abstract = {The farm household model has played a central role in
improving the understanding of small-scale agricultural
households and non-farm enterprises. Under the assumptions
that all current and future markets exist and that farmers
treat all prices as given, the model simplifies households'
simultaneous production and consumption decisions into a
recursive form in which production can be treated as
independent of preferences of household members. These
assumptions, which are the foundation of a large literature
in labor and development, have been tested and not rejected
in several important studies including Benjamin (1992).
Using multiple waves of longitudinal survey data from
Central Java, Indonesia, this paper tests a key prediction
of the recursive model: demand for farm labor is unrelated
to the demographic composition of the farm household. The
prediction is unambiguously rejected. The rejection cannot
be explained by contamination due to unobserved
heterogeneity that is fixed at the farm level, local area
shocks or farm-specific shocks that affect changes in
household composition and farm labor demand. We conclude
that the recursive form of the farm household model is not
consistent with the data. Developing empirically tractable
models of farm households when markets are incomplete
remains an important challenge.},
Doi = {10.3982/ecta12987},
Key = {fds321975}
}
@article{fds324346,
Author = {Ho, J and Frankenberg, E and Sumantri, C and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Adult Mortality Five Years after a Natural Disaster:
Evidence from the Indian Ocean Tsunami},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds324346}
}
@article{fds239021,
Author = {Elo, IT and Frankenberg, E and Gansey, R and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Africans in the American Labor Market.},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {52},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1513-1542},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
Abstract = {The number of migrants to the United States from Africa has
grown exponentially since the 1930s. For the first time in
America's history, migrants born in Africa are growing at a
faster rate than migrants from any other continent. The
composition of African-origin migrants has also changed
dramatically: in the mid-twentieth century, the majority
were white and came from only three countries; but today,
about one-fifth are white, and African-origin migrants hail
from across the entire continent. Little is known about the
implications of these changes for their labor market
outcomes in the United States. Using the 2000-2011 waves of
the American Community Survey, we present a picture of
enormous heterogeneity in labor market participation,
sectoral choice, and hourly earnings of male and female
migrants by country of birth, race, age at arrival in the
United States, and human capital. For example, controlling a
rich set of human capital and demographic characteristics,
some migrants-such as those from South Africa/Zimbabwe and
Cape Verde, who typically enter on employment visas-earn
substantial premiums relative to other African-origin
migrants. These premiums are especially large among males
who arrived after age 18. In contrast, other migrants-such
as those from Sudan/Somalia, who arrived more recently,
mostly as refugees-earn substantially less than migrants
from other African countries. Understanding the mechanisms
generating the heterogeneity in these outcomes-including
levels of socioeconomic development, language, culture, and
quality of education in countries of origin, as well as
selectivity of those who migrate-figures prominently among
important unresolved research questions.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13524-015-0417-y},
Key = {fds239021}
}
@misc{fds239022,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Ho, JY and Thomas, D},
Title = {Biological health risks and economic development},
Booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
Editor = {Komlos, J and Kelly, IR},
Year = {2015},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {With populations aging and the epidemic of obesity spreading
across the globe, global health risks are shifting toward
non-communicable diseases. Innovative biomarker data from
recently conducted population-representative surveys in
lower, middle and higher income countries are used to
describe how four key biological health risks –
hypertension, cholesterol, glucose and inflammation – vary
with economic development and, within each country, with
age, gender and education. As obesity rises in lower income
countries, the burden of non-communicable diseases will rise
in roughly predictable ways and the costs to society are
potentially very large. Investigations that explain
cross-country differences in these relationships will have a
major impact on advancing understanding of the complex
interplay between biology, health and development.},
Key = {fds239022}
}
@misc{fds333803,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Laurito, MM and Thomas, D},
Title = {Demographic Impact of Disasters},
Pages = {101-108},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral
Sciences: Second Edition},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9780080970868},
Abstract = {The frequency and magnitude of large-scale disasters in
recent years has prompted increased interest in better
understanding how major disruptive events alter key
demographic processes. This article summarizes evidence
establishing that disasters have significantly impacted
mortality, health, fertility, and migration. While these
processes are intimately interrelated, there have been
relatively few integrative analyses that draw the evidence
together, in large part because of inadequate data.
Investment in population data collection systems to provide
scientific evidence in the wake of disasters will broaden
the depth and scope of disaster research, advance
understanding of demographic changes, and inform policy
interventions.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.31059-5},
Key = {fds333803}
}
@misc{fds333804,
Author = {Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E},
Title = {Experimental Methods in Survey Research in
Demography},
Pages = {559-565},
Booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral
Sciences: Second Edition},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2015},
Month = {March},
ISBN = {9780080970868},
Abstract = {Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been profitably
used to identify causal effects in population research.
However, the design and implementation of social experiments
is not straightforward and it is not clear that it is either
feasible or desirable to attempt to answer some questions in
population using only the so-called 'gold standard'
double-blind RCT. It seems likely that the integration of
the creative use of theory with the advantages of both RCTs
and nonexperimental study designs has the greatest hope of
advancing scientific knowledge about population behaviors
and processes.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.31028-5},
Key = {fds333804}
}
@article{fds239023,
Author = {Nobles, J and Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {The effects of mortality on fertility: population dynamics
after a natural disaster.},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {52},
Number = {1},
Pages = {15-38},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
Abstract = {Understanding how mortality and fertility are linked is
essential to the study of population dynamics. We
investigate the fertility response to an unanticipated
mortality shock that resulted from the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami, which killed large shares of the residents of some
Indonesian communities but caused no deaths in neighboring
communities. Using population-representative multilevel
longitudinal data, we identify a behavioral fertility
response to mortality exposure, both at the level of a
couple and in the broader community. We observe a sustained
fertility increase at the aggregate level following the
tsunami, which was driven by two behavioral responses to
mortality exposure. First, mothers who lost one or more
children in the disaster were significantly more likely to
bear additional children after the tsunami. This response
explains about 13 % of the aggregate increase in fertility.
Second, women without children before the tsunami initiated
family-building earlier in communities where tsunami-related
mortality rates were higher, indicating that the fertility
of these women is an important route to rebuilding the
population in the aftermath of a mortality shock. Such
community-level effects have received little attention in
demographic scholarship.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13524-014-0362-1},
Key = {fds239023}
}
@article{fds239024,
Author = {Hamoudi, A and Thomas, D},
Title = {Endogenous coresidence and program incidence: South Africa's
Old Age Pension.},
Journal = {Journal of development economics},
Volume = {109},
Pages = {30-37},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0304-3878},
Abstract = {We investigate whether living arrangements respond to an
arguably exogenous shift in the distribution of power in
family economic decision-making. In the early 1990s, the
South African Old Age Pension was expanded to cover most
black South Africans above a sex-specific age cut-off
resulting in a substantial increase in the income of older
South Africans and potentially their say in the economic
decisions of their families. Beneficiaries of the program
are more likely to coreside with adults who have less human
capital as measured by height and education. Since height
and education are fixed for adults, this cannot be an effect
of the pension income but reflects selective changes in
living arrangements resulting from the pension. The findings
highlight the endogeneity of living arrangements and
illustrate the potential value of moving beyond theory and
data that are confined to a spatially determined definition
of the household.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.03.002},
Key = {fds239024}
}
@article{fds239025,
Author = {Gray, C and Frankenberg, E and Gillespie, T and Sumantri, C and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Studying Displacement After a Disaster Using Large Scale
Survey Methods: Sumatra After the 2004 Tsunami.},
Journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
Association of American Geographers},
Volume = {104},
Number = {3},
Pages = {594-612},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0004-5608},
Abstract = {Understanding of human vulnerability to environmental change
has advanced in recent years, but measuring vulnerability
and interpreting mobility across many sites differentially
affected by change remains a significant challenge. Drawing
on longitudinal data collected on the same respondents who
were living in coastal areas of Indonesia before the 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami and were re-interviewed after the
tsunami, this paper illustrates how the combination of
population-based survey methods, satellite imagery and
multivariate statistical analyses has the potential to
provide new insights into vulnerability, mobility and
impacts of major disasters on population well-being. The
data are used to map and analyze vulnerability to
post-tsunami displacement across the provinces of Aceh and
North Sumatra and to compare patterns of migration after the
tsunami between damaged areas and areas not directly
affected by the tsunami. The comparison reveals that
migration after a disaster is less selective overall than
migration in other contexts. Gender and age, for example,
are strong predictors of moving from undamaged areas but are
not related to displacement in areas experiencing damage. In
our analyses traditional predictors of vulnerability do not
always operate in expected directions. Low levels of
socioeconomic status and education were not predictive of
moving after the tsunami, although for those who did move,
they were predictive of displacement to a camp rather than a
private home. This survey-based approach, though not without
difficulties, is broadly applicable to many topics in
human-environment research, and potentially opens the door
to rigorous testing of new hypotheses in this
literature.},
Doi = {10.1080/00045608.2014.892351},
Key = {fds239025}
}
@article{fds239027,
Author = {Gillespie, TW and Frankenberg, E and Chum, KF and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Nighttime lights time series of tsunami damage, recovery,
and economic metrics in Sumatra, Indonesia.},
Journal = {Remote sensing letters (Print)},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {286-294},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {2150-704X},
Abstract = {On 26 December 2004, a magnitude 9.2 earthquake off the west
coast of the northern Sumatra, Indonesia resulted in 160,000
Indonesians killed. We examine the Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS)
nighttime light imagery brightness values for 307
communities in the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and
Recovery (STAR), a household survey in Sumatra from 2004 to
2008. We examined night light time series between the annual
brightness and extent of damage, economic metrics collected
from STAR households and aggregated to the community level.
There were significant changes in brightness values from
2004 to 2008 with a significant drop in brightness values in
2005 due to the tsunami and pre-tsunami nighttime light
values returning in 2006 for all damage zones. There were
significant relationships between the nighttime imagery
brightness and per capita expenditures, and spending on
energy and on food. Results suggest that Defense
Meteorological Satellite Program nighttime light imagery can
be used to capture the impacts and recovery from the tsunami
and other natural disasters and estimate time series
economic metrics at the community level in developing
countries.},
Doi = {10.1080/2150704x.2014.900205},
Key = {fds239027}
}
@article{fds239026,
Author = {Cas, AG and Frankenberg, E and Suriastini, W and Thomas,
D},
Title = {The Impact of Parental Death on Child Well-being: Evidence
From the Indian Ocean Tsunami},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {51},
Number = {2},
Pages = {437-457},
Year = {2014},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-014-0279-8},
Abstract = {Identifying the impact of parental death on the well-being
of children is complicated because parental death is likely
to be correlated with other, unobserved factors that affect
child well-being. Population-representative longitudinal
data collected in Aceh, Indonesia, before and after the
December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami are used to identify the
impact of parental deaths on the well-being of children aged
9-17 at the time of the tsunami. Exploiting the
unanticipated nature of parental death resulting from the
tsunami in combination with measuring well-being of the same
children before and after the tsunami, models that include
child fixed effects are estimated to isolate the causal
effect of parental death. Comparisons are drawn between
children who lost one or both parents and children whose
parents survived. Shorter-term impacts on school attendance
and time allocation one year after the tsunami are examined,
as well as longer-term impacts on education trajectories and
marriage. Shorter- and longer-term impacts are not the same.
Five years after the tsunami, there are substantial
deleterious impacts of the tsunami on older boys and girls,
whereas the effects on younger children are more
muted.},
Doi = {10.1007/s13524-014-0279-8},
Key = {fds239026}
}
@article{fds239028,
Author = {Weaver, EH and Frankenberg, E and Fried, BJ and Thomas, D and Wheeler,
SB and Paul, JE},
Title = {Effect of village midwife program on contraceptive
prevalence and method choice in Indonesia.},
Journal = {Studies in family planning},
Volume = {44},
Number = {4},
Pages = {389-409},
Year = {2013},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0039-3665},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24323659},
Abstract = {Indonesia established its Village Midwife Program in 1989 to
combat high rates of maternal mortality. The program's goals
were to address gaps in access to reproductive health care
for rural women, increase access to and use of family
planning services, and broaden the mix of available
contraceptive methods. In this study, we use longitudinal
data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey to examine the
program's effect on contraceptive practice. We find that the
program did not affect overall contraceptive prevalence but
did affect method choice. Over time, for women using
contraceptives, midwives were associated with increased odds
of injectable contraceptive use and decreased odds of oral
contraceptive and implant use. Although the Indonesian
government had hoped that the Village Midwife Program would
channel women into using longer-lasting methods, the women's
"switching behavior" indicates that the program succeeded in
providing additional outlets for and promoting the use of
injectable contraceptives.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00366.x},
Key = {fds239028}
}
@article{fds239033,
Author = {Beltrán-Sánchez, H and Thomas, D and Teruel, G and Wheaton, F and Crimmins, EM},
Title = {Links between socio-economic circumstances and changes in
smoking behavior in the Mexican population:
2002-2010.},
Journal = {Journal of cross-cultural gerontology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {3},
Pages = {339-358},
Year = {2013},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0169-3816},
Abstract = {While deleterious consequences of smoking on health have
been widely publicized, in many developing countries,
smoking prevalence is high and increasing. Little is known
about the dynamics underlying changes in smoking behavior.
This paper examines socio-economic and demographic
characteristics associated with smoking initiation and
quitting in Mexico between 2002 and 2010. In addition to the
influences of age, gender, education, household economic
resources and location of residence, changes in marital
status, living arrangements and health status are examined.
Drawing data from the Mexican Family Life Survey, a rich
population-based longitudinal study of individuals, smoking
behavior of individuals in 2002 is compared with their
behavior in 2010. Logistic models are used to examine
socio-demographic and health factors that are associated
with initiating and quitting smoking. There are three main
findings. First, part of the relationship between education
and smoking reflects the role of economic resources. Second,
associations of smoking with education and economic
resources differ for females and males. Third, there is
considerable heterogeneity in the factors linked to smoking
behavior in Mexico indicating that the smoking epidemic may
be at different stages in different population subgroups.
Mexico has recently implemented fiscal policies and public
health campaigns aimed at reducing smoking prevalence and
discouraging smoking initiation. These programs are likely
to be more effective if they target particular
socio-economic and demographic sub-groups.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10823-013-9203-8},
Key = {fds239033}
}
@article{fds239035,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Sikoki, B and Sumantri, C and Suriastini, W and Thomas, D},
Title = {Education, Vulnerability, and Resilience after a Natural
Disaster.},
Journal = {Ecology and society : a journal of integrative science for
resilience and sustainability},
Volume = {18},
Number = {2},
Pages = {16},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1708-3087},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000321257100014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {The extent to which education provides protection in the
face of a large-scale natural disaster is investigated.
Using longitudinal population-representative survey data
collected in two provinces on the island of Sumatra,
Indonesia, before and after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami,
we examine changes in a broad array of indicators of
well-being of adults. Focusing on adults who were living,
before the tsunami, in areas that were subsequently severely
damaged by the tsunami, better educated males were more
likely to survive the tsunami, but education is not
predictive of survival among females. Education is not
associated with levels of post-traumatic stress among
survivors 1 year after the tsunami, or with the likelihood
of being displaced. Where education does appear to play a
role is with respect to coping with the disaster over the
longer term. The better educated were far less likely than
others to live in a camp or other temporary housing, moving,
instead, to private homes, staying with family or friends,
or renting a new home. The better educated were more able to
minimize dips in spending levels following the tsunami,
relative to the cuts made by those with little education.
Five years after the tsunami, the better educated were in
better psycho-social health than those with less education.
In sum, education is associated with higher levels of
resilience over the longer term.},
Doi = {10.5751/es-05377-180216},
Key = {fds239035}
}
@article{fds239029,
Author = {Currie, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Introduction to "early test scores, school quality and ses:
Longrun effects on wage and employment outcomes"},
Journal = {Research in Labor Economics},
Volume = {35},
Pages = {181-183},
Publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
Year = {2012},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0147-9121},
Doi = {10.1108/S0147-9121(2012)0000035009},
Key = {fds239029}
}
@article{fds239078,
Author = {McKelvey, C and Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E},
Title = {Fertility Regulation in an Economic Crisis.},
Journal = {Economic development and cultural change},
Volume = {61},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7-38},
Year = {2012},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0013-0079},
Abstract = {Substantial international aid is spent reducing the cost of
contraception in developing countries, as part of a larger
effort to reduce global fertility and increase investment
per child worldwide. The importance for fertility behaviors
of keeping contraceptive prices low, however, remains
unclear. Targeting of subsidies and insufficient price
variation have hindered prior attempts to estimate the
effect of monetary and non-monetary contraceptive costs on
fertility behavior. Using longitudinal survey data from the
Indonesia Family Life Survey, we exploit dramatic variation
in prices and incomes that was induced by the economic
crisis in the late 1990s to pin down the effect of
contraceptive availability and costs as well as household
resources on contraceptive use and method choice. The
results are unambiguous: monetary costs of contraceptives
and levels of family economic resources have a very small
(and well-determined) impact on contraceptive use and choice
of method.},
Doi = {10.1086/666950},
Key = {fds239078}
}
@article{fds239037,
Author = {Beltran-Sanchez, H and Thomas, D and Wheaton, F and Crimmins,
E},
Title = {SMOKING ONSET AND CESSATION IN MEXICO},
Journal = {GERONTOLOGIST},
Volume = {51},
Pages = {391-391},
Publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
Year = {2011},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0016-9013},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000303602002452&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds239037}
}
@article{fds239082,
Author = {Beltrán-Sánchez, H and Crimmins, EM and Teruel, GM and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Links between childhood and adult social circumstances and
obesity and hypertension in the Mexican population.},
Journal = {Journal of aging and health},
Volume = {23},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1141-1165},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0898-2643},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examines links between early
life circumstances and adult socioeconomic status and
obesity and hypertension in the adult Mexican
population.<h4>Method</h4>We use data from the Mexican
Family Life Survey (MxFLS) collected in 2002 for people aged
20 or older (N = 14,280).<h4>Results</h4>We found that men
with low education and women with more education have
significantly lower obesity. Women with higher education
also have significantly less hypertension. Obesity triples
the likelihood of hypertension among both men and women.
Better childhood experiences are associated with less
hypertension among women, but more hypertension among men in
rural areas.<h4>Discussion</h4>Recent changes in income,
nutrition, and infection in Mexico may be responsible for
the observed high prevalence of overweight and obesity and
the extremely high odds of hypertension among obese young
adults.},
Doi = {10.1177/0898264311422255},
Key = {fds239082}
}
@article{fds239076,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Gillespie, T and Preston, S and Sikoki, B and Thomas,
D},
Title = {MORTALITY, THE FAMILY AND THE INDIAN OCEAN
TSUNAMI.},
Journal = {Economic journal (London, England)},
Volume = {121},
Number = {554},
Pages = {F162-F182},
Year = {2011},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0013-0133},
Abstract = {Over 130,000 people died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
The correlates of survival are examined using data from the
Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR), a
population-representative survey collected in Aceh and North
Sumatra, Indonesia, before and after the tsunami. Children,
older adults and females were the least likely to survive.
Whereas socio-economic factors mattered relatively little,
the evidence is consistent with physical strength playing a
role. Pre-tsunami household composition is predictive of
survival and suggests that stronger members sought to help
weaker members: men helped their wives, parents and
children, while women helped their children.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02446.x},
Key = {fds239076}
}
@article{fds239034,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Global aging},
Pages = {73-89},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Social research on global aging is a rapidly growing field.
The goal of this chapter is to highlight emerging lines of
inquiry that are likely to have an important impact on
science and discusses challenges that have hindered
progress. The aggregate demographic features that drive
global aging are discussed. Current patterns and future
trends in low-income countries with respect to three
dimensions of aging: health; work and retirement; and living
arrangements and transfers are shown. Changes in age
structures have important implications for education and
work opportunities, taxation of earnings and wealth, savings
and insurance vehicles, and how earnings are taxed. Life
expectancy is largely driven by deaths at early ages and so
increases in life expectancy have presaged major shifts in
the global burden of disease. Biological markers of health
status have revolutionized research on population health,
but relying exclusively on those markers and health-related
behaviors limits progress on understanding global aging.
Efforts to conduct population-based studies that measure
other dimensions of health in the developing world have
increased knowledge of health conditions, particularly for
children and women of reproductive age. The evidence on the
health of men and older adults is more fragmented. The field
of global aging is in its infancy. It is an exciting area
for innovative research as it provides unparalleled
opportunities for making major contributions to both policy
and science. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-380880-6.00006-X},
Key = {fds239034}
}
@article{fds239063,
Author = {Rubalcava, L and Teruel, G and Thomas, D},
Title = {Investments, time preferences and public transfers paid to
women.},
Journal = {Economic development and cultural change},
Volume = {57},
Number = {3},
Pages = {507-538},
Year = {2009},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0013-0079},
Abstract = {The literature suggests men and women may have different
preferences. This paper exploits a social experiment in
which women in treatment households were given a large
public cash transfer (PROGRESA). In an effort to disentangle
the effect of additional income in the household from the
effect of changing the distribution of income within the
household, the impact of PROGRESA income on savings and
investments decisions is compared with all other income
sources (after taking into account participation in the
program). Additional money in the hands of women is spent on
small livestock (which are traditionally managed and cared
for by women), improved nutrition and on child goods
(particularly clothing). Among single headed households,
PROGRESA income is not treated differently from other
income. Direct evidence on inter-temporal preferences
gathered in the Mexican Family Live Survey indicates that
women are more patient than males when thinking about the
future. Taken together, the results suggest that PROGRESA
income results in a shift in the balance of power within
households and women allocated more resources towards
investments in the future.},
Doi = {10.1086/596617},
Key = {fds239063}
}
@article{fds239064,
Author = {Friedman, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Psychological Health Before, During, and After an Economic
Crisis: Results from Indonesia, 1993 - 2000.},
Journal = {The World Bank economic review},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57-76},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0258-6770},
Abstract = {The 1997 Indonesian financial crisis resulted in severe
economic dislocation and political upheaval, and the
detrimental consequences for economic welfare, physical
health, and child education have been established in several
studies. The crisis also adversely impacted the
psychological well-being of the Indonesian population.
Comparing responses of the same individuals interviewed
before and after the crisis, we document substantial
increases in several different dimensions of psychological
distress among male and female adults across the entire age
distribution. In addition, the imprint of the crisis can be
seen in the differential impacts of the crisis on low
education groups, the rural landless, and residents in those
provinces that were most affected by the crisis. Elevated
levels of psychological distress persist even after
indicators of economic well-being such as household
consumption had returned to pre-crisis levels, suggesting
the deleterious effects of the crisis on the psychological
well-being of the Indonesian population may be longer
lasting than the impacts on economic well-being.},
Doi = {10.1093/wber/lhn013},
Key = {fds239064}
}
@article{fds239075,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Friedman, J and Gillespie, T and Ingwersen, N and Pynoos, R and Rifai, IU and Sikoki, B and Steinberg, A and Sumantri, C and Suriastini, W and Thomas, D},
Title = {Mental health in Sumatra after the tsunami.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {98},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1671-1677},
Year = {2008},
Month = {September},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633091},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We assessed the levels and correlates of
posttraumatic stress reactivity (PTSR) of more than 20,000
adult tsunami survivors by analyzing survey data from
coastal Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia.<h4>Methods</h4>A
population-representative sample of individuals interviewed
before the tsunami was traced in 2005 to 2006. We
constructed 2 scales measuring PTSR by using 7 symptom items
from the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Checklist-Civilian Version. One scale measured PTSR at the
time of interview, and the other measured PTSR at the point
of maximum intensity since the disaster.<h4>Results</h4>PTSR
scores were highest for respondents from heavily damaged
areas. In all areas, scores declined over time. Gender and
age were significant predictors of PTSR; markers of
socioeconomic status before the tsunami were not. Exposure
to traumatic events, loss of kin, and property damage were
significantly associated with higher PTSR
scores.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The tsunami produced
posttraumatic stress reactions across a wide region of Aceh
and North Sumatra. Public health will be enhanced by the
provision of counseling services that reach not only people
directly affected by the tsunami but also those living
beyond the area of immediate impact.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2007.120915},
Key = {fds239075}
}
@article{fds239062,
Author = {Stillman, S and Thomas, D},
Title = {Nutritional status during an economic crisis: Evidence from
Russia},
Journal = {Economic Journal},
Volume = {118},
Number = {531},
Pages = {1385-1417},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2008},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0013-0133},
Abstract = {Between 1996 and 1998, Russia experienced a spectacular
decline in economic activity which was followed by a
dramatic rebound between 1998 and 2000. We use panel data to
examine the impact of variation in household resources on
six dimensions of nutritional status, distinguishing
longer-run from short-term fluctuations in resources.
Nutritional status is very resilient to short-term variation
in household resources. Gross energy intake, adult weight
and child stature change very little as expenditure deviates
from its long-run average. Longer-run resources have a
substantively large, positive and significant effect on
energy intake, diet quality, adult weight and child stature.
The evidence indicates that individuals and households are
able to weather short-term fluctuations in economic
resources, at least in terms of maintaining body mass and
energy intake. © Journal compilation © 2008 by the Royal
Economic Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02174.x},
Key = {fds239062}
}
@misc{fds323828,
Author = {Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E},
Title = {Comments on collecting and utilizing biological indicators
in social science surveys},
Pages = {149-155},
Booktitle = {Biosocial Surveys},
Publisher = {National Academies Press},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780309108676},
Doi = {10.17226/11939},
Key = {fds323828}
}
@article{fds239061,
Author = {Rubalcava, LN and Teruel, GM and Thomas, D and Goldman,
N},
Title = {The healthy migrant effect: new findings from the Mexican
Family Life Survey.},
Journal = {American journal of public health},
Volume = {98},
Number = {1},
Pages = {78-84},
Year = {2008},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0090-0036},
Abstract = {<h4>Objectives</h4>We used nationally representative
longitudinal data from the Mexican Family Life Survey to
determine whether recent migrants from Mexico to the United
States are healthier than other Mexicans. Previous research
has provided little scientific evidence that tests the
"healthy migrant" hypothesis.<h4>Methods</h4>Estimates were
derived from logistic regressions of whether respondents
moved to the United States between surveys in 2002 and 2005,
by gender and urban versus rural residence. Covariates
included physical health measurements, self-reported health,
and education measured in 2002. Our primary sample comprised
6446 respondents aged 15 to 29 years.<h4>Results</h4>Health
significantly predicted subsequent migration among females
and rural males. However, the associations were weak, few
health indicators were statistically significant, and there
was substantial variation in the estimates between males and
females and between urban and rural dwellers.<h4>Conclusions</h4>On
the basis of recent data for Mexico, the largest source of
migrants to the United States, we found generally weak
support for the healthy migrant hypothesis.},
Doi = {10.2105/ajph.2006.098418},
Key = {fds239061}
}
@misc{fds373604,
Author = {Strauss, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {HEALTH OVER THE LIFE COURSE},
Volume = {9},
Pages = {3375-3474},
Booktitle = {HANDBOOK OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, VOL 4},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {978-0-444-53100-1},
Doi = {10.1016/S1573-4471(07)04054-5},
Key = {fds373604}
}
@misc{fds373603,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Friedman, J and Saadah, F and Sikoki, B and Suriastini, W and Sumantri, C and Thomas, D},
Title = {Assessment of Health and Education Services in the Aftermath
of a Disaster},
Pages = {233-249},
Booktitle = {ARE YOU BEING SERVED: NEW TOOLS FOR MEASURING SERVICE
DELIVERY},
Year = {2008},
ISBN = {978-0-8213-7185-5},
Key = {fds373603}
}
@misc{fds239060,
Author = {Strauss, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Chapter 54 Health over the Life Course},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {3375-3474},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Development Economics},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9780444531001},
ISSN = {1573-4471},
Abstract = {In recent years, significant advances have been made in
better understanding the complex relationships between
health and development. This reflects the combined effects
of methodological innovations at both the theoretical and
empirical level, the integration of insights from the
biological and health sciences into economic analyses as
well as improvements in the quantity and quality of data on
population health and socio-economic status. To provide a
foundation for discussing these advances, we describe static
and dynamic models of the evolution of health over the life
course in conjunction with the inter-relationships between
health, other human capital outcomes and economic
prosperity. Facts about health and development at both the
aggregate and individual levels are presented along with a
discussion of the importance of measurement. We proceed to
review the empirical literature with a goal of highlighting
emerging lines of scientific inquiry that are likely to have
an important impact on the field. We begin with recent work
that relates health events in early life, including in
utero, to health, human capital and economic success in
later life. We then turn to adult health and its
relationship with socio-economic success, exploring the
impact of health on economic outcomes and vice versa as well
as the links between health and consumption smoothing.
Recent evidence from the empirical literature on the
micro-level impacts of HIV/AIDS on development is
summarized. We conclude that developments on the horizon
suggest a very exciting future for scientific research in
this area. © 2008.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1573-4471(07)04054-5},
Key = {fds239060}
}
@article{fds239073,
Author = {Gillespie, TW and Chu, J and Frankenberg, E and Thomas,
D},
Title = {Assessment and Prediction of Natural Hazards from Satellite
Imagery.},
Journal = {Progress in physical geography},
Volume = {31},
Number = {5},
Pages = {459-470},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0309-1333},
Abstract = {Since 2000, there have been a number of spaceborne
satellites that have changed the way we assess and predict
natural hazards. These satellites are able to quantify
physical geographic phenomena associated with the movements
of the earth's surface (earthquakes, mass movements), water
(floods, tsunamis, storms), and fire (wildfires). Most of
these satellites contain active or passive sensors that can
be utilized by the scientific community for the remote
sensing of natural hazards over a number of spatial and
temporal scales. The most useful satellite imagery for the
assessment of earthquake damage comes from high-resolution
(0.6 m to 1 m pixel size) passive sensors and moderate
resolution active sensors that can quantify the vertical and
horizontal movement of the earth's surface. High-resolution
passive sensors have been used to successfully assess flood
damage while predictive maps of flood vulnerability areas
are possible based on physical variables collected from
passive and active sensors. Recent moderate resolution
sensors are able to provide near real time data on fires and
provide quantitative data used in fire behavior models.
Limitations currently exist due to atmospheric interference,
pixel resolution, and revisit times. However, a number of
new microsatellites and constellations of satellites will be
launched in the next five years that contain increased
resolution (0.5 m to 1 m pixel resolution for active
sensors) and revisit times (daily ≤ 2.5 m resolution
images from passive sensors) that will significantly improve
our ability to assess and predict natural hazards from
space.},
Doi = {10.1177/0309133307083296},
Key = {fds239073}
}
@misc{fds239040,
Author = {Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E},
Title = {Household Responses to the Financial Crisis in Indonesia:
Longitudinal Evidence on Poverty, Resources, and
Well-Being},
Pages = {517-560},
Booktitle = {Globalization and Poverty},
Year = {2007},
url = {http://ipl.econ.duke.edu/dthomas},
Key = {fds239040}
}
@article{fds239038,
Author = {Seltzer, JA and Bachrach, CA and Bianchi, SM and Bledsoe, CH and Casper,
LM and Chase-Lansdale, PL and Diprete, TA and Hotz, VJ and Morgan, SP and Sanders, SG and Thomas, D},
Title = {Explaining Family Change and Variation: Challenges for
Family Demographers.},
Journal = {Journal of marriage and the family},
Volume = {67},
Number = {4},
Pages = {908-925},
Year = {2005},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0022-2445},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20376277},
Abstract = {Twenty years ago, the National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development (NICHD) issued a request for proposals
that resulted in the National Survey of Families and
Households (NSFH), a unique survey valuable to a wide range
of family scholars. This paper describes the efforts of an
interdisciplinary group of family demographers to build on
the progress enabled by the NSFH and many other theoretical
and methodological innovations. Our work, also supported by
NICHD, will develop plans for research and data collection
to address the central question of what causes family change
and variation. We outline the group's initial assessments of
orienting frameworks, key aspects of family life to study,
and theoretical and methodological challenges for research
on family change. Finally, we invite family scholars to
follow our progress and to help develop this shared public
good.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00183.x},
Key = {fds239038}
}
@article{fds239074,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Suriastini, W and Thomas, D},
Title = {Can expanding access to basic healthcare improve children's
health status? Lessons from Indonesia's 'midwife in the
village' programme.},
Journal = {Population studies},
Volume = {59},
Number = {1},
Pages = {5-19},
Year = {2005},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0032-4728},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15764131},
Abstract = {In the 1990s, the Indonesian government placed over 50,000
midwives in communities throughout the country. We examine
how this expansion in health services affected children's
height-for-age. To address the problem that midwives were
not randomly allocated to communities, the estimation
exploits the biology of childhood growth, the timing of the
introduction of midwives to communities, and rich
longitudinal data. The evidence indicates that the
nutritional status of children fully exposed to a midwife
during early childhood is significantly better than that of
their peers of the same age and cohort in communities
without a midwife. The former are also better off than
children assessed at the same age from the same communities
but who were born before the midwife arrived. Within
communities, the improvement in nutritional status across
cohorts is greater where midwives were introduced than where
they were not. This result is robust to the inclusion of
community fixed effects.},
Doi = {10.1080/0032472052000332674},
Key = {fds239074}
}
@article{fds239072,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and McKee, D and Thomas, D},
Title = {Health consequences of forest fires in Indonesia.},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {42},
Number = {1},
Pages = {109-129},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15782898},
Abstract = {We combined data from a population-based longitudinal survey
with satellite measures of aerosol levels to assess the
impact of smoke from forest fires that blanketed the
Indonesian islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra in late 1997 on
adult health. To account for unobserved differences between
haze and nonhaze areas, we compared changes in the health of
individual respondents. Between 1993 and 1997, individuals
who were exposed to haze experienced greater increases in
difficulty with activities of daily living than did their
counterparts in nonhaze areas. The results for respiratory
and general health, although more complicated to interpret,
suggest that haze had a negative impact on these dimensions
of health.},
Doi = {10.1353/dem.2005.0004},
Key = {fds239072}
}
@article{fds239071,
Author = {Thomas, D and Beegle, K and Frankenberg, E and Sikoki, B and Strauss, J and Teruel, G},
Title = {Education in a crisis},
Journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
Volume = {74},
Number = {1},
Pages = {53-85},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2004},
Month = {June},
Abstract = {The year 1998 saw the onset of a major economic and
financial crisis in Indonesia. GDP fell by 12% that year.
The effect on education of the next generation is examined.
On average, household spending on education declined, most
dramatically among the poorest households. Spending
reductions were particularly marked in poor households with
more young children, while there was a tendency to protect
education spending in poor households with more older
children. The evidence on school enrollments mirrors these
findings. Poor households apparently sought to protect
investments in the schooling of older children at the
expense of the education of younger children. © 2004
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.12.004},
Key = {fds239071}
}
@article{fds239059,
Author = {Smith, JP and Thomas, D},
Title = {Remembrances of things past: Test-retest reliability of
retrospective migration histories},
Journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A:
Statistics in Society},
Volume = {166},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-49},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {2003},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0964-1998},
Abstract = {Matched retrospective life history data collected from the
same individuals in two waves of the Malaysian Family Life
Survey provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the quality
of long-term recall data in a rapidly changing developing
country. Recall quality, measured by consistency of
incidence and dating of moves reported 12 years apart, is
higher among the better educated. Respondents better
remember more salient moves, those linked with other
important life events such as marriage, childbirth or a job
change and moves that lasted a long time. Migrations that
dim in memory as time passes are typically shorter duration
or local moves, often made while the respondent was young.
The dating of moves is also significantly improved when
linked with other salient events. Our findings suggest
concrete and practical steps that can be followed to improve
the quality of retrospective life-histories collected in
field surveys. © 2003 Royal Statistical
Society.},
Doi = {10.1111/1467-985X.00257},
Key = {fds239059}
}
@article{fds239070,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Smith, JP and Thomas, D},
Title = {Economic shocks, wealth, and welfare},
Journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {280-321},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {2003},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {The immediate effects of the Asian crisis on the well-being
of Indonesians are examined using the Indonesia Family Life
Survey, an ongoing longitudinal household survey. There is
tremendous diversity in the effect of the shock: For some
households, it was devastating; for others it brought new
opportunities. A wide array of mechanisms was adopted in
response to the crisis. Households combined to more fully
exploit benefits of scale economies in consumption. Labor
supply increased even as real wages collapsed. Households
reduced spending on semidurables while maintaining
expenditures on foods. Rural households used wealth,
particularly gold, to smooth consumption.},
Doi = {10.2307/1558746},
Key = {fds239070}
}
@article{fds239058,
Author = {Garces, E and Thomas, D and Currie, J},
Title = {Longer-term effects of head start},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {92},
Number = {4},
Pages = {999-1012},
Publisher = {American Economic Association},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1853 Duke open access
repository},
Abstract = {Specially collected data on adults in the Panel Study of
Income Dynamics are used to provide evidence on the
longer-term effects of Head Start, an early intervention
program for poor preschool-age children. Whites who attended
Head Start are, relative to their siblings who did not,
significantly more likely to complete high school, attend
college, and possibly have higher earnings in their early
twenties. African-Americans who participated in Head Start
are less likely to have been booked or charged with a crime.
There is some evidence of positive spillovers from older
Head Start children to their younger siblings. (JEL J24,
I38).},
Doi = {10.1257/00028280260344560},
Key = {fds239058}
}
@article{fds239068,
Author = {Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E},
Title = {Health, nutrition and prosperity: a microeconomic
perspective.},
Journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
Volume = {80},
Number = {2},
Pages = {106-113},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0042-9686},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11953788},
Abstract = {A positive correlation between health and economic
prosperity has been widely documented, but the extent to
which this reflects a causal effect of health on economic
outcomes is very controversial. Two classes of evidence are
examined. First, carefully designed random assignment
studies in the laboratory and field provide compelling
evidence that nutritional deficiency - particularly iron
deficiency - reduces work capacity and, in some cases, work
output. Confidence in these results is bolstered by a good
understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms. Some
random assignment studies indicate an improved yield from
health services in the labour market. Second, observational
studies suggest that general markers of nutritional status,
such as height and body mass index (BMI), are significant
predictors of economic success although their interpretation
is confounded by the fact that they reflect influences from
early childhood and family background. Energy intake and
possibly the quality of the diet have also been found to be
predictive of economic success in observational studies.
However, the identification of causal pathways in these
studies is difficult and involves statistical assumptions
about unobserved heterogeneity that are difficult to test.
Illustrations using survey data demonstrate the practical
importance of this concern. Furthermore, failure to take
into account the dynamic interplay between changes in health
and economic status has led to limited progress being
reported in the literature. A broadening of random
assignment studies to measure the effects of an intervention
on economic prosperity, investment in population-based
longitudinal socioeconomic surveys, and application of
emerging technologies for a better measure of health in
these surveys will yield very high returns in improving our
understanding of how health influences economic
prosperity.},
Key = {fds239068}
}
@article{fds239069,
Author = {Smith, JP and Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E and Beegle, K and Teruel,
G},
Title = {Wages, employment and economic shocks: Evidence from
Indonesia},
Journal = {Journal of Population Economics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {161-193},
Publisher = {Springer Nature},
Year = {2002},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {After over a quarter century of sustained economic growth,
Indonesia was struck by a large and unanticipated crisis at
the end of the 20th Century. Real GDP declined by about 12%
in 1998. Using 13 years of annual labor force data in
conjunction with two waves of a household panel, the
Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), this paper examines the
impact of the crisis on labor market outcomes.},
Doi = {10.1007/PL00003837},
Key = {fds239069}
}
@article{fds239067,
Author = {Beegle, K and Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Bargaining power within couples and use of prenatal and
delivery care in Indonesia.},
Journal = {Studies in family planning},
Volume = {32},
Number = {2},
Pages = {130-146},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0039-3665},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11449862},
Abstract = {Indonesian women's power relative to that of their husbands
is examined to determine how it affects use of prenatal and
delivery care. Holding household resources constant, a
woman's control over economic resources affects the couple's
decision-making. Compared with a woman with no assets that
she perceives as being her own, a woman with some share of
household assets influences reproductive health decisions.
Evidence suggests that her influence on service use also
varies if a woman is better educated than her husband, comes
from a background of higher social status than her
husband's, or if her father is better educated than her
father-in-law. Therefore, both economic and social
dimensions of the distribution of power between spouses
influence use of services, and conceptualizing power as
multidimensional is useful for understanding couples'
behavior.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1728-4465.2001.00130.x},
Key = {fds239067}
}
@article{fds239066,
Author = {Frankenberg, E and Thomas, D},
Title = {Women's health and pregnancy outcomes: do services make a
difference?},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {38},
Number = {2},
Pages = {253-265},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11392911},
Abstract = {We use data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey to
investigate the impact of a major expansion in access to
midwifery services on health and pregnancy outcomes for
women of reproductive age. Between 1990 and 1998 Indonesia
trained some 50,000 midwives. Between 1993 and 1997 these
midwives tended to be placed in relatively poor communities
that were relatively distant from health centers. We show
that additions of village midwives to communities between
1993 and 1997 are associated with a significant increase in
body mass index in 1997 relative to 1993 for women of
reproductive age, but not for men or for older women. The
presence of a village midwife during pregnancy is also
associated with increased birthweight. Both results are
robust to the inclusion of community-level fixed effects, a
strategy that addresses many of the concerns about biases
because of nonrandom program placement.},
Doi = {10.1353/dem.2001.0014},
Key = {fds239066}
}
@article{fds239057,
Author = {Currie, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Early test scores, school quality and SES: Longrun effects
on wage and employment outcomes},
Journal = {Research in Labor Economics},
Volume = {20},
Pages = {103-132},
Publisher = {Emerald (MCB UP )},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0147-9121},
Abstract = {This study uses data from the British National Child
Development Survey (NCDS) to examine interactions between
socio-economic status (SES), children's test scores, and
future wages and employment. We find that children of lower
SES have both lower age 16 test scores and higher returns to
these test scores in terms of age 33 wages and employment
probabilities than high-SES children. We then examine
determinants of age 16 scores. Conditional on having had the
same age 7 mathematics scores, high-SES children go on to
achieve higher age 16 mathematics scores than children of
low or middle-SES. They are also much more likely to pass
O-levels in English and Mathematics. These differences are
either eliminated or greatly reduced when observable
measures of school quality are added to the model,
suggesting that high-SES children get better age 16 test
scores at least in part because they attended better
schools. On the other hand, conditional on age 7 scores,
low-SES children achieve higher age 16 reading scores than
high-SES children and the estimated relationship between the
two is not affected by the addition of school quality
variables. This observation provides evidence consistent
with the conjecture that success in reading may be less
dependent on school quality than success in mathematics. ©
2001.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0147-9121(01)20039-9},
Key = {fds239057}
}
@article{fds239065,
Author = {Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E and Smith, JP},
Title = {Lost but not forgetten: Attrition and follow-up in the
Indonesia family life survey},
Journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
Volume = {36},
Number = {3},
Pages = {556-592},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {2001},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-166X},
Abstract = {Data from three waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey
(IFLS) are used to examine follow-up and attrition in the
context of a large scale panel survey conducted in a
low-income setting. Household-level attrition between the
baseline and first follow-up four years later is less than 6
percent; the cumulative attrition between the baseline and
second follow-up after a five-year hiatus is 5 percent.
Attrition is low in the IFLS because movers are followed:
around 12 percent of households that were interviewed in the
first follow-up had moved from their location at baseline.
About half of those households were "local movers." The
other half, many of whom had moved to a new province, were
interviewed during a second sweep through the study areas
("second tracking"). Regression analyses indicate that in
terms of household-level characteristics at baseline,
households interviewed during second tracking are very
similar to those not interviewed in the follow-up surveys.
Local movers are more similar to the households found in the
baseline location in the follow-ups. The results suggest
that the information content of households interviewed
during second tracking is probably high. The cost of
following those respondents is relatively modest in the
IFLS. Although the analytical value of reinterviewing movers
will vary depending on the specifics of the research, we
conclude that, in general, tracking movers is a worthwhile
investment in longitudinal household surveys conducted in
settings where communication infrastructure is
limited.},
Doi = {10.2307/3069630},
Key = {fds239065}
}
@article{fds333805,
Author = {Thomas, D and Frankenberg, E},
Title = {The measurement and interpretation of health in social
surveys},
Publisher = {RAND},
Year = {2000},
Abstract = {Health status is hard to measure. It is widely recognized
that health is multi-dimensional reflecting the combination
of an array of factors that include physical, mental and
social well-being, genotype and phenotype influences as well
as expectations and information. A multitude of health
indicators have been used in scientific studies drawing on
data from both the developed and developing world.
Understanding what those indicators measure is central if
the results reported in the studies are to be interpreted in
a meaningful way...},
Key = {fds333805}
}
@article{fds239054,
Author = {Currie, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {The intergenerational transmission of "intelligence": Down
the slippery slopes of The Bell Curve},
Journal = {Industrial Relations},
Volume = {38},
Number = {3},
Pages = {297-330},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Herrnstein and Murray report that conditional on maternal
"intelligence" (AFQT scores), child test scores are little
affected by variations in socioeconomic status. Using the
same data, we demonstrate that their finding is very
fragile. We explore the effect of adopting a more
representative sample of children, including blacks and
Latinos, allowing nonlinearities in the relationships, and
incorporating richer measures of socioeconomic status.
Making any one of these changes overturns their finding:
Socioeconomic status and child test scores are positively
and significantly related. Evidence is presented suggesting
AFQT scores are likely better markers for family background
than "intelligence".},
Doi = {10.1111/0019-8676.00131},
Key = {fds239054}
}
@article{fds239056,
Author = {Currie, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Does Head Start help hispanic children?},
Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
Volume = {74},
Number = {2},
Pages = {235-262},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1999},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Poor educational attainment is a persistent problem among US
hispanic children, relative to non-hispanics. Many of these
children are immigrants and/or come from households that use
a minority language in the home. This paper examines the
effects of participation in a government sponsored preschool
program called Head Start on these children. We find that
large and significant benefits accrue to Head Start children
when we compare them to siblings who did not participate in
the program. On average, Head Start closes at least 1/4 of
the gap in test scores between hispanic children and
non-hispanic white children, and 2/3 of the gap in the
probability of grade repetition. However, we find that the
benefits of Head Start are not evenly distributed across
sub-groups. © Elsevier Science S.A.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00027-4},
Key = {fds239056}
}
@article{fds239055,
Author = {Strauss, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Health, Nutrition, and Economic Development},
Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
Volume = {36},
Number = {2},
Pages = {766-817},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds239055}
}
@article{fds239051,
Author = {Smith, JP and Thomas, D},
Title = {On the road. Marriage and mobility in Malaysia},
Journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
Volume = {33},
Number = {4},
Pages = {805-832},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1998},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Migration choices of husbands and wives in a dynamic and
developing country are studied in the context of an economic
model of the household. Data are drawn from the second wave
of the Malaysia Family Life Survey. Exploiting the
retrospective histories, we compare moves that take place
before marriage with those made during the marriage; among
the latter, moves that are made with the spouse are
distinguished from those made alone. The evidence indicates
that male mobility is primarily economic in motivation and
related to labor market factors. Moves by women, however,
seem to be more closely related to fertility or family
considerations. Migration is apparently not simply an
individual decision; the attributes of the spouse are an
important influence on mobility, albeit in an asymmetric
manner. Moving toward a broader definition of the household,
we find the characteristics of the parents, parents-in-law,
and also the (relative) age and gender of siblings all
influence mobility in a rich, if complex,
way.},
Doi = {10.2307/146399},
Key = {fds239051}
}
@article{fds239052,
Author = {Thomas, D and Strauss, J},
Title = {Health and wages: evidence on men and women in urban
Brazil.},
Journal = {Journal of econometrics},
Volume = {77},
Number = {1},
Pages = {159-185},
Year = {1997},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Survey data indicate that different dimensions of health
affect the wages of men and women in urban Brazil. Height
has a large and significant effect on wages: taller men and
women earn more. Body mass index (BMI) is associated with
higher wages of males, especially among the less-educated,
suggesting that strength may be rewarded with higher wages.
Low levels of per capita calorie and protein intakes reduce
wages of market-workers, but not the self-employed. After
controlling for height, BMI, and calories, the influence of
proteins is greater at higher levels, presumably reflecting
the impact of higher-quality diets.},
Doi = {10.1016/s0304-4076(96)01811-8},
Key = {fds239052}
}
@article{fds239050,
Author = {Lavy, V and Strauss, J and Thomas, D and de Vreyer,
P},
Title = {Quality of health care, survival and health outcomes in
Ghana.},
Journal = {Journal of health economics},
Volume = {15},
Number = {3},
Pages = {333-357},
Year = {1996},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0167-6296},
Abstract = {This paper analyzes the effect of quality and accessibility
of health services and other public infrastructure on the
health of children in Ghana. We focus on child survival,
child height and weight using data from the Ghana Living
Standards Survey. The results suggest an important role for
public health policy in eliminating the rural-urban
disparities in health status and particularly in improving
the health status of rural children and reducing their
mortality rates. Increased availability of birth services
and other related child programs, as well as Improved water
and sanitation infrastructure would have an immediate
payoff.},
Doi = {10.1016/0167-6296(95)00021-6},
Key = {fds239050}
}
@article{fds239048,
Author = {Thomas, D},
Title = {Education Across Generations in South Africa},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {86},
Number = {2},
Pages = {330-334},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds239048}
}
@article{fds239049,
Author = {Strauss, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Measurement and Mismeasurement of Social
Indicators},
Journal = {American Economic Review},
Volume = {86},
Number = {2},
Pages = {30-34},
Year = {1996},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds239049}
}
@article{fds239047,
Author = {Thomas, D and Maluccio, J},
Title = {Fertility, contraceptive choice, and public policy in
Zimbabwe},
Journal = {World Bank Economic Review},
Volume = {10},
Number = {1},
Pages = {189-222},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Zimbabwe has invested massively in public infrastructure
since independence in 1980. The impact of these investments
on demographic outcomes is examined using household survey
data matched with two community level surveys. A woman's
education is a powerful predictor of both fertility and
contraceptive use. These relationships are far from linear
and have changed shape in recent years. After controlling
for household resources, both the availability and quality
of health and family planning services have an important
impact on the adoption of modern contraceptives. In
particular, outreach programs such as mobile family planning
clinics and community-based distributors (CBDS) have been
especially successful. However, not all women are equally
served by this infrastructure. For example, CBDS have a
bigger impact on younger, better educated women, while
mobile family planning clinics appear to have more success
with older, less educated women.},
Doi = {10.1093/wber/10.1.189},
Key = {fds239047}
}
@article{fds239053,
Author = {Thomas, D and Lavy, V and Strauss, J},
Title = {Public policy and anthropometric outcomes in the Côte
d'Ivoire},
Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
Volume = {61},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155-192},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Household survey data from the Côte d'Ivoire are used to
examine the impact of public policies on child height, child
weight for height and adult body mass index. Economic
adjustment programs in the 1980s were accompanied by reduced
availability and quality of health care services and
increases in relative food prices. The health of Ivorians
was probably adversely affected by these changes. Basic
services, such as immunizations and having simple materials,
such as common drugs, in stock is associated with improved
child health. Higher food prices have a significantly
detrimental impact on the health of both children and
adults.},
Doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(95)01530-2},
Key = {fds239053}
}
@misc{fds239045,
Author = {Strauss, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Chapter 34 Human resources: Empirical modeling of household
and family decisions},
Volume = {3},
Number = {PART A},
Pages = {1883-2023},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Development Economics},
Publisher = {Elsevier},
Year = {1995},
Month = {December},
ISBN = {9780444823014},
ISSN = {1573-4471},
Doi = {10.1016/S1573-4471(05)80006-3},
Key = {fds239045}
}
@article{fds239031,
Author = {Currie, J and Thomas, D},
Title = {Medical care for children: public insurance, private
insurance, and racial differences in utilization},
Journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {135-162},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Data from two waves of the Child-Mother module of the US
National Longitudinal Surveys are used to examine the
medical care received by children. The authors compare those
covered by Medicaid, by private health insurance and those
with no insurance coverage at all. There are substantial
differences in the impact of public and private health
insurance and these effects also differ between blacks and
whites. White children on Medicaid tend to have more doctor
checkups that any other children and white children on
Medicaid or a private insurance plan have a higher number of
doctor visits for illness. In contrast, for black children,
neither Medicaid nor private insurance coverage is
associated with any advantage in terms of the number of
doctor visits for illness. Black children with private
coverage are no more likely than those with no coverage to
have doctor checkups. The results suggest that private and
public health insurance mean different things to different
children, and that national insurance coverage will not
equalize utilization of care. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.2307/146194},
Key = {fds239031}
}
@article{fds239032,
Author = {Thomas, D and Maluccio, J},
Title = {Contraceptive choice, fertility, and public policy in
Zimbabwe},
Journal = {World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study Working
Paper},
Volume = {109},
Pages = {43-US$6.95},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {The determinants of contraceptive use in Zimbabwe are
examined using individual-level survey data in conjunction
with two special community surveys. The spotlight is focused
on the role of the availability and quality of community
health and family planning services. The impact of the
household resources and individual characteristics, in
particular education and measures of income, are also taken
into consideration. In order to evaluate the distributional
impact of investments in health programs, special attention
is paid to differences in the effects of the programs across
educational groups. The study proceeds to investigate the
determinants of fertility outcomes and then turns to the
impact of contraceptive use on fertility, taking account of
the fact that both reflect, the outcome of choices by
couples. The results indicate that the availability and
quality of family planning and health services in the
community are associated with higher rates of adoption of
modern contraceptives. -from Authors},
Doi = {10.1596/0-8213-3018-7},
Key = {fds239032}
}
@article{fds239046,
Author = {Lavy, V and Strauss, J and Thomas, D and De Vreyer,
P},
Title = {The impact of the quality of health care on children's
nutrition and survival in Ghana},
Journal = {World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study Working
Paper},
Volume = {106},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {The authors use objectively measured anthropometric
outcomes, which reflect the nutritional status of an
individual, as health indicators, focusing on child height
(by age and sex) and weight (by height). Also analyzes the
determinants of the probability of child survival, a measure
considered to be an alternative indicator of health status.
The results presented suggest an important role for public
health policy in eliminating the rural-urban disparities in
health status and particularly in improving the health
status of rural children and reducing their mortality rates.
In urban areas they were unable to precisely measure many of
the effects of health infrastructure on child outcomes.
However, in rural areas the findings suggest that increasing
the provision of basic health services, such as adequate
supplies of basic drugs, will yield high social returns in
terms of improved child health and survival probabilities.
-from Authors},
Key = {fds239046}
}
@article{fds239079,
Author = {Thomas, D and Muvandi, I},
Title = {The demographic transition in southern Africa: reviewing the
evidence from Botswana and Zimbabwe.},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {217-227},
Year = {1994},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
Abstract = {Part, but not all, of the observed decline in the number of
children ever born reported in the 1984 CPS and the 1988 DHS
in Botswana and Zimbabwe can be attributed to differences in
sample composition: women in the 1988 survey appear to be
better educated than women of the same cohort in the 1984
survey. Blanc and Rutstein argue that differences in
education levels in the pairs of surveys are not
significant. However, weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov
statistics, a comparison of average years of schooling, and
the proportions of women who complete primary school or
attend secondary school all indicate that the differences
are, in fact, significant. This is true in both Botswana and
Zimbabwe. Blanc and Rutstein also claim that these
differences do not account for any of the observed decline
in fertility between the surveys of women age 15 to 49.
Their methodology follows cohorts of women rather than
age-groups and thus cannot possibly address this issue.
Furthermore, to interpret their results, response error and
respondent education must be uncorrelated: this is a key
assumption which is violated by the data. We stand by our
conclusions and argue for caution when aggregate statistics
from the CPS and the DHS are used to make projections about
the course of fertility and population growth in Botswana
and Zimbabwe.},
Doi = {10.2307/2061883},
Key = {fds239079}
}
@article{fds239081,
Author = {Thomas, D and Muvandi, I},
Title = {The demographic transition in southern Africa: another look
at the evidence from Botswana and Zimbabwe.},
Journal = {Demography},
Volume = {31},
Number = {2},
Pages = {185-207},
Year = {1994},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0070-3370},
Abstract = {Botswana and Zimbabwe have been acclaimed as being on the
vanguard of the demographic transition in sub-Saharan
Africa. This paper examines the comparability of the CPS and
the DHS data for each country and finds that part of the
observed decline in aggregate fertility rates in both
countries can be attributed to differences in sample
composition. Women of the same cohort tend to be better
educated in the second survey relative to the first. This
fact explains part-but not all-of the observed fertility
decline; for example, it appears to account for up to half
the observed decline among women age 25-34 in 1984 in
Zimbabwe. © 1994 Population Association of
America.},
Doi = {10.2307/2061881},
Key = {fds239081}
}
@article{fds239030,
Author = {Thomas, D},
Title = {Like father, like son; like mother, like daughter: parental
resources and child height},
Journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
Volume = {29},
Number = {4},
Pages = {950-988},
Publisher = {JSTOR},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Using household survey data from the United States, Brazil,
and Ghana, examines the relationship between parental
education and child height, an indicator of health and
nutritional status. In all three countries, the education of
the mother has a bigger effect on her daughter's height;
paternal education, in contrast, has a bigger impact on his
son's height. There are, apparently, differences in the
allocation of household resources depending on the gender of
the child and these differences vary with the gender of the
parent. These results are quite robust and persist even
after including controls for unobserved household fixed
effects. If relative education of parents and nonlabor
income are indicators of power in household allocation
decision, then these results, along with
difference-in-difference of estimated income effects,
suggest that gender differences in resource allocations
reflect both technological differences in child rearing and
differences in the preferences of parents. -from
Author},
Doi = {10.2307/146131},
Key = {fds239030}
}
@article{fds239080,
Author = {Thomas, D and Muvandi, I},
Title = {How fast is fertility declining in Botswana and
Zimbabwe?},
Journal = {World Bank Discussion Papers},
Volume = {258},
Year = {1994},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Botswana and Zimbabwe have been acclaimed as being on the
vanguard of the demographic transition in sub-Saharan
Africa. Key data that are cited to support this claim are
the Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys (CPS) and Demographic
Health Surveys (DHS) which were conducted in both countries.
Ths paper examines the comparability of these data sources
and finds that at least part of the observed decline in
aggregate fertility rates in both countries can be
attributed to differences in sample composition. In Botswana
and Zimbabwe, women of the same cohort are better educated
in the second survey relative to the first. Since education
and fertility are negatively correlated, this fact explains
part - but not all - of the observed fertility decline
across the surveys. For example, it accounts for up to half
the decline among the cohort of women aged 25 to 34 in 1984
in Zimbabwe. The DHS included a complete birth history
whereas the CPS asked only summary questions about the
number of children ever born. There is evidence that
differences in the structure of the instruments also raise
questions about the comparability of the two data sources.
-Authors},
Key = {fds239080}
}
@article{fds239044,
Author = {Thomas, D and Strauss, J},
Title = {Prices, infrastructure, household characteristics and child
height.},
Journal = {Journal of development economics},
Volume = {39},
Number = {2},
Pages = {301-331},
Year = {1992},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0304-3878},
Abstract = {The relation between parental characteristics, community
characteristics and child height is examined using Brazilian
household survey data, matched with information collected at
the municipio level. Child height is significantly affected
by local infrastructure, particularly the availability of
modern sewerage, piped water and electricity. Higher sugar
and dairy prices are associated with lower child height,
although mothers with at least elementary schooling are able
to counteract the deleterious impact of prices. Negative
price effects are, however, largest for children in higher
expenditure households suggesting that the impact of
mother's education on child height does not solely reflect
resource availability. © 1992.},
Doi = {10.1016/0304-3878(92)90042-8},
Key = {fds239044}
}
@article{fds239036,
Author = {Thomas, D},
Title = {Testing for sectoral differences in child anthropometric
status in Zimbabwe: A comment},
Journal = {Health Policy and Planning},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {181-186},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {1992},
Month = {June},
Doi = {10.1093/heapol/7.2.181},
Key = {fds239036}
}
@article{fds239020,
Author = {Thomas, D},
Title = {Gender differences in household resource
allocations},
Journal = {World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study Working
Paper},
Volume = {79},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
Abstract = {Using household survey data from the United States, Brazil
and Ghana, examines the relationship between parental
education and child height, an indicator of health and
nutritional status. In all three countries, the education of
the mother has a bigger effect on her daughter's height;
paternal education, in contrast, has a bigger impact on his
son's height. There are, apparently, differences in the
allocation of household resources depending on the gender of
the child and these differences vary with the gender of the
parent. In Ghana, the education of a woman who is better
educated than her husband has a bigger impact on the height
of her daughter than her son. In Brazil, a woman's nonlabor
income has a positive impact on the health of her daughter
but not her son's health. If relative education of parents
and non-labor income are indicators of power in a household
bargaining game, then these results suggest that gender
differences in resource allocations reflect both
technological differences in child rearing and differences
in the preferences of parents. -Author},
Key = {fds239020}
}
@article{fds239042,
Author = {Strauss, J and Barbosa, M and Teixeira, S and Thomas, D and Gomes
Junior, R},
Title = {Role of education and extension in the adoption of
technology: A study of upland rice and soybean farmers in
Central-West Brazil},
Journal = {Agricultural Economics},
Volume = {5},
Number = {4},
Pages = {341-359},
Publisher = {WILEY},
Year = {1991},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0169-5150},
Abstract = {This paper explores reduced form determinants of the
adoption of certain technologies by upland rice and soybean
farmers in the Center-West region of Brazil. We merge
community level data on the availability and quality of
publicly provided infrastructure, principally extension, to
the farm level data containing information on farmer human
capital as well as land quantity and quality. By using
community level measures of availability and quality of
extension, we avoid problems of endogeneity of farm level
measures of extension use. We find positive impacts of
farmer education on the diffusion process, in accordance
with other studies. We also isolate effects of the quality
in regional extension investment as measured by the average
experience of technical extension staff. These results
indicate that investments in human capital of extension
workers does have a payoff in terms of farmer adoption of
improved cultivation practices. © 1991.},
Doi = {10.1016/0169-5150(91)90027-I},
Key = {fds239042}
}
@article{fds239041,
Author = {Thomas, D and Strauss, J and Henriques, M},
Title = {Child survival, height for age and household characteristics
in Brazil.},
Journal = {Journal of development economics},
Volume = {33},
Number = {2},
Pages = {197-234},
Year = {1990},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0304-3878},
Abstract = {"The impact of household characteristics on child survival
and height, conditional on age, is examined using household
survey data from Brazil. Parental education is found to have
a very strong positive effect on both outcomes and this is
robust to the inclusion of household income and also
parental heights, which partly proxy for unobserved family
background characteristics. We find that income effects are
significant and positive for child survival but
insignificant for for child height although the latter
depends on identification assumptions. Parental height has a
large positive impact on child height and on survival rates
even after controlling for all other observable
characteristics."},
Doi = {10.1016/0304-3878(90)90022-4},
Key = {fds239041}
}