Publications of John S. March
%%
@article{fds274955,
Author = {JL Podell and PC Kendall and EA Gosch and SN Compton and JS March and A-M
Albano, MA Rynn and JT Walkup and JT Sherrill and GS Ginsburg and CP
Keeton, B Birmaher and JC Piacentini},
Title = {Therapist Factors and Outcomes in CBT for Anxiety in
Youth},
Journal = {PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2},
Pages = {89-98},
Year = {2013},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0735-7028},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000318146500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/a0031700},
Key = {fds274955}
}
@article{fds274951,
Author = {AK Langley and A Falk and T Peris and JF Wiley and PC Kendall and G
Ginsburg, B Birmaher and J March and AM Albano and J
Piacentini},
Title = {The Child Anxiety Impact Scale: Examining Parent- and
Child-Reported Impairment in Child Anxiety
Disorders},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent
Psychology},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1537-4416},
Abstract = {The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the
factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of
both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety
Impact Scale (CAIS) using data obtained from the
Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (Walkup et al.,
2008). The CAIS child and parent versions measure
anxiety-related functional impairment in school, social, and
family domains. Participants were 488 children ages 7 to 17
(M age = 10.7, SD = 2.8 years) enrolled as part of the CAMS
study across 6 sites and their primary parent or caregiver.
Families participated in a structured diagnostic interview
and then completed the CAIS along with other measures.
Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the a priori
three-factor structure (school, social, and home/family) for
the CAIS parent- and CAIS child-report was a reasonable fit,
with a comparative fit index of.88 and root mean square
error of approximation of.05. Internal consistency was very
good for total score and subscales of both versions of the
scale (Cronbach's α =.70-.90). The CAIS total scores
demonstrated good construct validity, showing predicted
significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist
(CBCL) Internalizing Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children (MASC) and Screen for Child Anxiety
Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Total Scores, the
Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Children's Global
Assessment Scale. In addition, CAIS Social and School
subscales were significantly related to similar subscales on
the CBCL, SCARED, and MASC. The results provide support that
the CAIS is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment
of the impact of anxiety on child and adolescent
functioning. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group,
LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2013.817311},
Key = {fds274951}
}
@article{fds274953,
Author = {C Wei and A Hoff and MA Villabø and J Peterman and PC Kendall and J
Piacentini, J McCracken and JT Walkup and AM Albano and M Rynn and E
al},
Title = {Assessing Anxiety in Youth with the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent
Psychology},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1537-4416},
Abstract = {The present study examined the psychometric properties,
including discriminant validity and clinical utility, of the
youth self-report and parent-report forms of the
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) among
youth with anxiety disorders. The sample included parents
and youth (N = 488, 49.6% male) ages 7 to 17 who
participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
Study. Although the typical low agreement between parent and
youth self-reports was found, the MASC evidenced good
internal reliability across MASC subscales and informants.
The main MASC subscales (i.e., Physical Symptoms, Harm
Avoidance, Social Anxiety, and Separation/Panic) were
examined. The Social Anxiety and Separation/Panic subscales
were found to be significantly predictive of the presence
and severity of social phobia and separation anxiety
disorder, respectively. Using multiple informants improved
the accuracy of prediction. The MASC subscales demonstrated
good psychometric properties and clinical utilities in
identifying youth with anxiety disorders. © 2013
Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2013.814541},
Key = {fds274953}
}
@article{fds274954,
Author = {RS Beidas and O Lindhiem and DM Brodman and A Swan and M Carper and C
Cummings, PC Kendall and AM Albano and M Rynn and J Piacentini and E
al},
Title = {A Probabilistic and Individualized Approach for Predicting
Treatment Gains: An Extension and Application to Anxiety
Disordered Youth},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
Abstract = {The objective of this study was to extend the probability of
treatment benefit method by adding treatment condition as a
stratifying variable, and illustrate this extension of the
methodology using the Child and Adolescent Anxiety
Multimodal Study data. The probability of treatment benefit
method produces a simple and practical way to predict
individualized treatment benefit based on pretreatment
patient characteristics. Two pretreatment patient
characteristics were selected in the production of the
probability of treatment benefit charts: baseline anxiety
severity, measured by the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale,
and treatment condition (cognitive-behavioral therapy,
sertraline, their combination, and placebo). We produced two
charts as exemplars which provide individualized and
probabilistic information for treatment response and outcome
to treatments for child anxiety. We discuss the implications
of the use of the probability of treatment benefit method,
particularly with regard to patient-centered outcomes and
individualized decision-making in psychology and psychiatry.
© 2013.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2013.05.001},
Key = {fds274954}
}
@article{fds274956,
Author = {CP Keeton and GS Ginsburg and KL Drake and D Sakolsky and PC Kendall and B
Birmaher, AM Albano and JS March and M Rynn and J Piacentini and E
al},
Title = {Benefits Of Child-Focused Anxiety Treatments For Parents And
Family Functioning},
Journal = {Depression and Anxiety},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {1091-4269},
Abstract = {Background: To examine (1) changes in parent (global
psychological distress, trait anxiety) and family
(dysfunction, burden) functioning following 12 weeks of
child-focused anxiety treatment, and (2) whether changes in
these parent and family factors were associated with child's
treatment condition and response. Methods: Participants were
488 youth ages 7-17 years (50% female; mean age 10.7 years)
who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for social phobia, separation
anxiety, and/or generalized anxiety disorder, and their
parents. Youth were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of "Coping
Cat" individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),
medication management with sertraline (SRT), their
combination (COMB), or medication management with pill
placebo (PBO) within the multisite Child/Adolescent Anxiety
Multimodal Study (CAMS). At pre- and posttreatment, parents
completed measures of trait anxiety, psychological distress,
family functioning, and burden of child illness; children
completed a measure of family functioning. Blinded
independent evaluators rated child's response to treatment
using the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale at
posttreatment. Results: Analyses of covariance revealed that
parental psychological distress and trait anxiety, and
parent-reported family dysfunction improved only for parents
of children who were rated as treatment responders, and
these changes were unrelated to treatment condition. Family
burden and child-reported family dysfunction improved
significantly from pre- to posttreatment regardless of
treatment condition or response. Conclusions: Findings
suggest that child-focused anxiety treatments, regardless of
intervention condition, can result in improvements in
nontargeted parent symptoms and family functioning
particularly when children respond successfully to the
treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/da.22055},
Key = {fds274956}
}
@article{fds274957,
Author = {NE Caporino and DM Brodman and PC Kendall and AM Albano and J Sherrill and J Piacentini and D Sakolsky and B Birmaher and SN Compton and G Ginsburg and E al},
Title = {Defining treatment response and remission in child anxiety:
Signal detection analysis using the pediatric anxiety rating
scale},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {1},
Pages = {57-67},
Year = {2013},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To determine optimal Pediatric Anxiety Rating
Scale (PARS) percent reduction and raw score cut-offs for
predicting treatment response and remission among children
and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Method: Data were
from a subset of youth (N = 438; 7-17 years of age) who
participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
Study (CAMS), a multi-site, randomized controlled trial that
examined the relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT; Coping Cat), medication (sertraline [SRT]),
their combination, and pill placebo for the treatment of
separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder,
and social phobia. The clinician-rated PARS was administered
pre- and posttreatment (delivered over 12 weeks). Quality
receiver operating characteristic methods assessed the
performance of various PARS percent reductions and absolute
cut-off scores in predicting treatment response and
remission, as determined by posttreatment ratings on the
Clinical Global Impression scales and the Anxiety Disorders
Interview Schedule for DSM-IV. Corresponding change in
impairment was evaluated using the Child Anxiety Impact
Scale. Results: Reductions of 35% and 50% on the six-item
PARS optimally predicted treatment response and remission,
respectively. Post-treatment PARS raw scores of 8 to 10
optimally predicted remission. Anxiety improved as a
function of PARS-defined treatment response and remission.
Conclusions: Results serve as guidelines for
operationalizing treatment response and remission in future
research and in making cross-study comparisons. These
guidelines can facilitate translation of research findings
into clinical practice. © 2013 American Academy of Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.006},
Key = {fds274957}
}
@article{fds274958,
Author = {DA Cole and S-J Cho and NC Martin and EA Youngstrom and JS March and RL
Findling, BE Compas and IM Goodyer and P Rohde and M Weissman and MJ
Essex, JS Hyde and JF Curry and R Forehand and MJ Slattery and JW Felton and MA Maxwell},
Title = {Are Increased Weight and Appetite Useful Indicators of
Depression in Children and Adolescents?},
Journal = {JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY},
Volume = {121},
Number = {4},
Pages = {838-851},
Year = {2012},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0021-843X},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000311527700005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1037/a0028175},
Key = {fds274958}
}
@article{fds275128,
Author = {A Przeworski and LA Zoellner and ME Franklin and A Garcia and J Freeman and JS March and EB Foa},
Title = {Maternal and child expressed emotion as predictors of
treatment response in pediatric obsessive-compulsive
disorder.},
Journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
Volume = {43},
Number = {3},
Pages = {337-353},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1573-3327},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22090186},
Abstract = {Expressed emotion (EE) is associated with symptoms and
treatment outcome in various disorders. Few studies have
examined EE in pediatric OCD and none of these has assessed
the child's perspective. This study examined the
relationship among maternal and child EE, child OCD
severity, and OCD-related functioning pre- and
post-treatment. At pre-treatment, mothers completed speech
samples about the child with OCD and an unaffected sibling.
Children with OCD completed speech samples about parents.
There were low rates of high maternal EE (child with OCD:
16.1%; sibling: 2.6%) and high child EE about parents
(mothers: 11.9%; fathers: 10.2%). High EE was primarily
characterized by high criticism, not high overinvolvement.
High maternal EE and child EE regarding fathers were
associated with pre-treatment child OCD severity but not
post-treatment severity. High child and maternal EE were
predictive of post-treatment OCD-related functioning. EE may
be an important child and maternal trait associated with
pre-treatment OCD severity and generalization of treatment
gains.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1007/s10578-011-0268-8},
Key = {fds275128}
}
@article{fds275143,
Author = {A Prakash and E Lobo and CJ Kratochvil and RN Tamura and BA Pangallo and KE
Bullok, T Quinlan and GJ Emslie and JS March},
Title = {An open-label safety and pharmacokinetics study of
duloxetine in pediatric patients with major
depression.},
Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {48-55},
Year = {2012},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1557-8992},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22251023},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This preliminary, 32-week study assessed the
safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of duloxetine in
pediatric patients (aged 7-17 years) with major depressive
disorder. METHODS: Patients received flexible duloxetine
doses of 20-120 mg once daily, with dose changes made based
on clinical improvement and tolerability. Pharmacokinetic
samples were collected across all duloxetine doses, and data
were analyzed using population modeling. Primary outcome
measures included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs),
vital signs, and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale
(C-SSRS). RESULTS: Of the 72 enrolled patients, 48 (66.7%)
completed acute treatment (18 weeks) and 42 (58.3%)
completed extended treatment. Most patients (55/72; 76%)
required doses ≥ 60 mg once daily to optimize efficacy
based on investigator judgment and Clinical Global
Impressions-Severity score. Body weight and age did not
significantly affect duloxetine pharmacokinetic parameters.
Typical duloxetine clearance in pediatric patients was
≈ 42%-60% higher than that in adults. Four patients
(5.6%) discontinued due to TEAEs. Many (36/72, 50%) patients
experienced potentially clinically significant (PCS)
elevations in blood pressure, with most cases (21/36, 58%)
being transient. As assessed via C-SSRS, one nonfatal
suicidal attempt occurred, two patients (2.8%) experienced
worsening of suicidal ideation, and among the 19 patients
reporting suicidal ideation at baseline, 17 (90%) reported
improvement in suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Results
suggested that pediatric patients generally tolerated
duloxetine doses of 30 to 120 mg once daily, although
transient PCS elevations in blood pressure were observed in
many patients. Pharmacokinetic results suggested that
adjustment of total daily dose based on body weight or age
is not warranted for pediatric patients and different total
daily doses may not be warranted for pediatric patients
relative to adults.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1089/cap.2011.0072},
Key = {fds275143}
}
@article{fds275089,
Author = {M Villabø and M Gere and S Torgersen and JS March and PC
Kendall},
Title = {Diagnostic efficiency of the child and parent versions of
the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {41},
Number = {1},
Pages = {75-85},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22233247},
Abstract = {The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychometrics
and clinical efficiency of the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children (MASC), which measures physical symptoms,
harm avoidance, social anxiety, and separation/panic. Using
a sample of 190 treatment-seeking Norwegian youth (aged 7-13
years, M (age) = 10.3 years, 62.1% male), the internal
stability and ability to predict to disorder were examined
for child, mother, and father reports on the MASC. Moderate
to strong internal reliability was exhibited across all MASC
subscales. Parent-child agreement was low, but mother-father
agreement was high. MASC scores successfully distinguished
between children with and without anxiety disorders and
identified youth with separation anxiety disorder and social
phobia, but less accurately generalized anxiety disorders.
The MASC has favorable psychometric properties and is a
useful screening instrument for identifying youth with
anxiety disorders.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2012.632350},
Key = {fds275089}
}
@article{fds274952,
Author = {AD Simons and CN Marti and P Rohde and CC Lewis and J Curry and J
March},
Title = {Does homework "matter" in cognitive behavioral therapy for
adolescent depression?},
Journal = {Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy},
Volume = {26},
Number = {4},
Pages = {390-404},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0889-8391},
Abstract = {Objective: Examine the degree to which homework completion
is associated with various indices of clinical improvement
in adolescents with depression treated with cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) either as a monotherapy and in
combination with antidepressant medication. Method: This
study used data from the Treatment of Adolescents with
Depression Study (TADS), which compared the efficacy of CBT,
fluoxetine (FLX), the combination of CBT and FLX (COMB), and
a pill placebo (PBO; TADS Team, 2003, 2004, 2005). Current
analyses included only TADS participants in the CBT (n 5
111) or COMB (n 5 107) conditions. Analyses focused on the
relations between partial and full homework completion and a
dichotomized measure of clinical response, evaluator and
self-report ratings of depressive symptoms, hopelessness,
and suicidality. Results: Homework completion significantly
predicted clinical improvement, decrease in self-reported
hopelessness, suicidality, and depression-but not in
evaluator-rated depressive symptoms-in adolescents treated
with CBT only. These relationships were almost completely
absent in the COMB condition. The only significant COMB
finding was that partially completed homework was related to
decrease in hopelessness over time. Conclusions: These
findings suggest that the ability of therapists and clients
to collaboratively develop and complete between-session
assignments is associated with response to CBT, self-report
of severity of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and
suicidality and may be integral to optimizing the effects of
CBT when delivered as a monotherapy. © 2012 Springer
Publishing Company.},
Doi = {10.1891/0889-8391.26.4.390},
Key = {fds274952}
}
@article{fds275044,
Author = {BS Vaughan and JS March and CJ Kratochvil},
Title = {The evidence-based pharmacological treatment of paediatric
ADHD},
Journal = {International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {15},
Number = {1},
Pages = {27-39},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1461-1457},
Abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in
children, adolescents, and adults, with extensive research
establishing it as a valid neurobiological disorder. Without
intervention, ADHD can result in significant impairment
throughout the lifespan for the individuals it afflicts.
Fortunately, multiple evidence-based options are available
for the treatment of ADHD, including several efficacious
pharmacotherapies. The role of medication, including
stimulants as well as non-stimulants, is well-documented by
an extensive body of literature. Although there may be less
enthusiasm for behavioural and other psychosocial
interventions as stand-alone treatments for moderate to
severe ADHD, they are recommended as first-line treatment
for ADHD management in preschool-aged children, for those
patients with mild symptoms, and as an adjunct to medication
in patients with comorbid disorders or suboptimal responses
to pharmacotherapy. When planning treatment for individuals
with ADHD, the potential risks associated with the available
interventions must be carefully balanced against the risks
of not treating, or not treating adequately. The treatment
plan must also include ongoing re-assessment of the
effectiveness of and the need for continued therapy. Recent
practice parameters provide further specific guidance for
the evidence-based assessment and treatment of children and
adolescents with ADHD. © 2011 CINP.},
Doi = {10.1017/S1461145711000095},
Key = {fds275044}
}
@article{fds275045,
Author = {ME Franklin and JB Freeman and JS March},
Title = {Cognitive behavior therapy for pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder - Reply},
Journal = {JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association},
Volume = {307},
Number = {6},
Pages = {560-561},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0098-7484},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.2012.109},
Key = {fds275045}
}
@article{fds275046,
Author = {J Freeman and A Garcia and K Benito and C Conelea and J Sapyta and M
Khanna, J March and M Franklin},
Title = {The pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder treatment study
for young children (POTS Jr): Developmental considerations
in the rationale, design, and methods},
Journal = {Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
Disorders},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {294-300},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {2211-3649},
Abstract = {This paper presents the rationale, design, and methods of
the pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder treatment study
for young children (POTS Jr). The study is a multi-site
randomized controlled trial (RCT) of family-based cognitive
behavioral treatment (CBT) vs. family-based relaxation
therapy for young children (ages 5-8) with obsessive
compulsive disorder (OCD), which examines the effect of
treatment on symptom reduction, functional impairment, and
quality of life. Secondary aims evaluate: potential
moderators and mediators of treatment response, differences
in time course of response, retention rates, and maintenance
of treatment gains over one year post-treatment. The sample
included 127 children (53% female) and their parents. With
regard to ethnicity, 89% of the sample described themselves
as non-Hispanic, 5% Hispanic/Latino, and 6% did not endorse
a category. In terms of race, the sample was predominantly
(91%) white. Because the rationale and methods of the
multi-site RCT have been well established, we emphasize here
the methodological aspects of the study that were tailored
to meet the developmental needs of young children with OCD.
Aspects that are highlighted include: choice of control
group, inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessment/measurement
issues, treatment adaptations, training, and recruitment.
© 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.07.010},
Key = {fds275046}
}
@article{fds275062,
Author = {NE Caporino and DM Brodman and PC Kendall and AM Albano and J Sherrill and J Piacentini and D Sakolsky and B Birmaher and SN Compton and G Ginsburg and E al},
Title = {Defining Treatment Response and Remission in Child Anxiety:
Signal Detection Analysis Using the Pediatric Anxiety Rating
Scale},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To determine optimal Pediatric Anxiety Rating
Scale (PARS) percent reduction and raw score cut-offs for
predicting treatment response and remission among children
and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Method: Data were
from a subset of youth (N = 438; 7-17 years of age) who
participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
Study (CAMS), a multi-site, randomized controlled trial that
examined the relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT; Coping Cat), medication (sertraline [SRT]),
their combination, and pill placebo for the treatment of
separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder,
and social phobia. The clinician-rated PARS was administered
pre- and posttreatment (delivered over 12 weeks). Quality
receiver operating characteristic methods assessed the
performance of various PARS percent reductions and absolute
cut-off scores in predicting treatment response and
remission, as determined by posttreatment ratings on the
Clinical Global Impression scales and the Anxiety Disorders
Interview Schedule for DSM-IV. Corresponding change in
impairment was evaluated using the Child Anxiety Impact
Scale. Results: Reductions of 35% and 50% on the six-item
PARS optimally predicted treatment response and remission,
respectively. Post-treatment PARS raw scores of 8 to 10
optimally predicted remission. Anxiety improved as a
function of PARS-defined treatment response and remission.
Conclusions: Results serve as guidelines for
operationalizing treatment response and remission in future
research and in making cross-study comparisons. These
guidelines can facilitate translation of research findings
into clinical practice. © 2012 American Academy of Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.006},
Key = {fds275062}
}
@article{fds275071,
Author = {J Curry and S Silva and P Rohde and G Ginsburg and B Kennard and C
Kratochvil, A Simons and J Kirchner and D May and T Mayes and N Feeny and AM Albano and S Lavanier and M Reinecke and R Jacobs and E
Becker-Weidman, E Weller and G Emslie and J Walkup and E Kastelic and B
Burns, K Wells and J March},
Title = {Onset of alcohol or substance use disorders following
treatment for adolescent depression},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {80},
Number = {2},
Pages = {299-312},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
Abstract = {Objective: This study tested whether positive response to
short-term treatment for adolescent major depressive
disorder (MDD) would have the secondary benefit of
preventing subsequent alcohol use disorders (AUD) or
substance use disorders (SUD). Method: For 5 years, we
followed 192 adolescents (56.2% female; 20.8% minority) who
had participated in the Treatment for Adolescents with
Depression Study (TADS; TADS Team, 2004) and who had no
prior diagnoses of AUD or SUD. TADS initial treatments were
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), fluoxetine alone (FLX),
the combination of CBT and FLX (COMB), or clinical
management with pill placebo (PBO). We used both the
original TADS treatment response rating and a more
restrictive symptom count rating. During follow-up,
diagnostic interviews were completed at 6-or 12-month
intervals to assess onset of AUD or SUD as well as MDD
recovery and recurrence. Results: Achieving a positive
response to MDD treatment was unrelated to subsequent AUD
but predicted a lower rate of subsequent SUD, regardless of
the measure of positive response (11.65% vs. 24.72%, or
10.0% vs. 24.5%, respectively). Type of initial MDD
treatment was not related to either outcome. Prior to
depression treatment, greater involvement with alcohol or
drugs predicted later AUD or SUD, as did older age (for AUD)
and more comorbid disorders (for SUD). Among those with
recurrent MDD and AUD, AUD preceded MDD recurrence in 24 of
25 cases. Conclusion: Effective short-term adolescent
depression treatment significantly reduces the rate of
subsequent SUD but not AUD. Alcohol or drug use should be
assessed prior to adolescent MDD treatment and monitored
even after MDD recovery. © 2012 American Psychological
Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0026929},
Key = {fds275071}
}
@article{fds275130,
Author = {JS March and JM Fegert},
Title = {Drug development in pediatric psychiatry: current status,
future trends.},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
Volume = {6},
Pages = {7},
Year = {2012},
ISSN = {1753-2000},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313578},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-6-7},
Key = {fds275130}
}
@article{fds275133,
Author = {ME Franklin and J Sapyta and JB Freeman and M Khanna and S Compton and D
Almirall, P Moore and M Choate-Summers and A Garcia and AL Edson and EB
Foa and JS March},
Title = {Cognitive behavior therapy augmentation of pharmacotherapy
in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric
OCD Treatment Study II (POTS II) randomized controlled
trial.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {306},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1224-1232},
Year = {2011},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1538-3598},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934055},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognitive Therapy* •
Combined Modality Therapy • Female • Humans •
Male • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Serotonin
Uptake Inhibitors • Severity of Illness Index •
Treatment Outcome • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: The extant literature on the treatment of pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) indicates that partial
response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is the norm
and that augmentation with short-term OCD-specific cognitive
behavior therapy (CBT) may provide additional benefit.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of augmenting SRIs with
CBT or a brief form of CBT, instructions in CBT delivered in
the context of medication management. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
PARTICIPANTS: A 12-week randomized controlled trial
conducted at 3 academic medical centers between 2004 and
2009, involving 124 pediatric outpatients between the ages
of 7 and 17 years with OCD as a primary diagnosis and a
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score of 16
or higher despite an adequate SRI trial. INTERVENTIONS:
Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment
strategies that included 7 sessions over 12 weeks: 42 in the
medication management only, 42 in the medication management
plus instructions in CBT, and 42 in the medication
management plus CBT; the last included 14 concurrent CBT
sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Whether patients responded
positively to treatment by improving their baseline
obsessive-compulsive scale score by 30% or more and
demonstrating a change in their continuous scores over 12
weeks. RESULTS: The medication management plus CBT strategy
was superior to the other 2 strategies on all outcome
measures. In the primary intention-to-treat analysis, 68.6%
(95% CI, 53.9%-83.3%) in the plus CBT group were considered
responders, which was significantly better than the 34.0%
(95% CI, 18.0%-50.0%) in the plus instructions in CBT group,
and 30.0% (95% CI, 14.9%-45.1%) in the medication management
only group. The results were similar in pairwise comparisons
with the plus CBT strategy being superior to the other 2
strategies (P < .01 for both). The plus instructions in CBT
strategy was not statistically superior to medication
management only (P = .72). The number needed-to-treat
analysis with the plus CBT vs medication management only in
order to see 1 additional patient at week 12, on average,
was estimated as 3; for the plus CBT vs the plus
instructions in CBT strategy, the number needed to treat was
also estimated as 3; for the plus instructions in CBT vs
medication management only the number needed to treat was
estimated as 25. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients aged 7 to 17
years with OCD and partial response to SRI use, the addition
of CBT to medication management compared with medication
management alone resulted in a significantly greater
response rate, whereas augmentation of medication management
with the addition of instructions in CBT did not. TRIAL
REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:
NCT00074815.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.2011.1344},
Key = {fds275133}
}
@article{fds275139,
Author = {CA Flessner and JB Freeman and J Sapyta and A Garcia and ME Franklin and JS
March and E Foa},
Title = {Predictors of parental accommodation in pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from the Pediatric
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Study (POTS)
trial.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {50},
Number = {7},
Pages = {716-725},
Year = {2011},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21703499},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognitive Therapy •
Cooperative Behavior* • Family Health* • Female
• Humans • Linear Models • Male •
Multivariate Analysis • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Parenting* • Patient Compliance • United
States • psychology • rehabilitation*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined predictors of parental
accommodation (assessed with the Family Accommodation
Scale-Parent Report) among families of children with
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). No studies have
examined this phenomenon using empirically derived subscales
of the Family Accommodation Scale-Parent Report (i.e.,
Caregiver Involvement, Avoidance of Triggers). METHOD:
Ninety-six youths (and their families) were included in the
present study. Parents were asked to complete the Family
Accommodation Scale-Parent Report. Families also completed
several additional measurements assessing child- and
parent-level variables of interest. Regression analyses were
used to examine potential predictors of accommodation.
RESULTS: Results support prior research suggesting that
accommodation is ubiquitous among the families of children
with OCD. Analyses revealed that several child-level (i.e.,
compulsion severity, oppositional behavior, and frequency of
washing symptoms) and one parent-level (i.e., symptoms of
anxiety) predictors work jointly to provide significant
predictive models of parental accommodation. CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians and researchers should be aware of the impact of
specific child- and parent-level variables on family
accommodation in pediatric OCD and in turn their
implications for treatment compliance, adherence, and, by
extension, outcome. Study limitations warrant replication
and extension of these findings; in particular, researchers
may seek to obtain a better understanding of how the various
facets of parental accommodation may differentially affect
treatment.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.019},
Key = {fds275139}
}
@article{fds275107,
Author = {LD Miller and A Laye-Gindhu and Y Liu and JS March and DS Thordarson and EJ Garland},
Title = {Evaluation of a preventive intervention for child anxiety in
two randomized attention-control school trials.},
Journal = {Behav Res Ther},
Volume = {49},
Number = {5},
Pages = {315-323},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1873-622X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419391},
Keywords = {Anxiety • Attention* • Child • Cognitive
Therapy* • Female • Humans • Male •
Schools • Social Environment • Treatment Outcome
• prevention & control* • therapy},
Abstract = {The present research examined the effectiveness of a
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention
program, FRIENDS, for children from grades 4 to 6, using
random assignment at the school-level and an
attention-control design in two longitudinal studies. The
first study targeted children with anxiety symptoms (N=191,
mean age=10.1) as screened with self, parent, and
teacher-reports; the second study took a universal approach
with full classrooms of children participating (N=253, mean
age=9.8). The results showed no intervention effect in
both studies, with children's anxiety symptoms decreasing
over time regardless of whether they were in the
story-reading (attention control) or FRIENDS condition. The
findings also indicated that girls reported a higher level
of anxiety than boys and children in higher grades reported
lower anxiety relative to younger children in both studies.
In addition, similar patterns were found using a subgroup of
children with high-anxiety symptoms from both
studies.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2011.02.006},
Key = {fds275107}
}
@article{fds275108,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {The preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) as the culmination
of twenty years of clinical trials in pediatric
psychopharmacology.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {50},
Number = {5},
Pages = {427-430},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21515189},
Keywords = {Adult • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
• Central Nervous System Stimulants • Child,
Preschool • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug •
Forecasting • Humans • Methylphenidate •
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic • Translational
Medical Research • Treatment Outcome • United
States • adverse effects • drug therapy* •
therapeutic use* • trends*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.09.018},
Key = {fds275108}
}
@article{fds275166,
Author = {CU Correll and CJ Kratochvil and JS March},
Title = {Developments in pediatric psychopharmacology: focus on
stimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.},
Journal = {J Clin Psychiatry},
Volume = {72},
Number = {5},
Pages = {655-670},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1555-2101},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21658348},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Age Factors • Antidepressive Agents
• Antipsychotic Agents • Anxiety Disorders •
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity •
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders •
Autistic Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • Central
Nervous System Stimulants • Child • Depressive
Disorder, Major • Humans • Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder • Psychotic Disorders • Schizophrenia
• adverse effects • drug therapy •
therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {Most major psychiatric disorders have an onset in childhood
or adolescence in a sizeable proportion of patients, and
earlier onset disorders often have a severe and chronic
course that can seriously disrupt sensitive developmental
periods, with lifelong adverse consequences. Accordingly,
psychopharmacologic treatments have been increasingly
utilized in severely ill youth. However, the increased use
of psychopharmacologic treatments in pediatric patients has
also raised concerns regarding a potential overdiagnosis and
overtreatment of youth, without adequate data regarding the
pediatric efficacy and safety of psychotropic agents. Over
the past decade, a remarkable number of pediatric randomized
controlled trials have been completed, especially with
psychostimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. For
these frequently used agents, effect sizes against placebo
have typically been at least moderate, with most
numbers-needed-to-treat well below 10 for response,
indicating clinical significance as well. Nevertheless, data
also point to a greater and/or different profile of
susceptibility to adverse effects in pediatric compared to
adult patients, as well as to a role for nonpharmacologic
treatments, given alone or combined with pharmacotherapy,
for many of the youth. Taken together, these results
highlight the need for a careful assessment of the
risk-benefit relationship of psychopharmacologic treatments
in patients who cannot be managed sufficiently with
nonpharmacologic interventions and for routine, proactive
adverse effect monitoring and management. Although
considerable progress has been made, there is still enormous
need for additional data and funding of pediatric
psychopharmacology trials. It is hoped that the field will
acquire the necessary resources to propel pediatric clinical
psychopharmacology to new levels of insight by linking it
with, but not replacing it by, pharmacoepidemiologic and
biomarker approaches and advances.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.4088/JCP.11r07064},
Key = {fds275166}
}
@article{fds275105,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and BS Vaughan and JA Stoner and JM Daughton and BD
Lubberstedt, DW Murray and AK Chrisman and MA Faircloth and NB
Itchon-Ramos, SH Kollins and LA Maayan and LL Greenhill and LA
Kotler, J Fried and JS March},
Title = {A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atomoxetine in
young children with ADHD.},
Journal = {Pediatrics},
Volume = {127},
Number = {4},
Pages = {e862-e868},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1098-4275},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422081},
Keywords = {Age Factors • Attention Deficit Disorder with
Hyperactivity • Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Child • Child, Preschool • Combined
Modality Therapy • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Double-Blind Method • Education • Female
• Humans • Male • Off-Label Use •
Personality Assessment • Propylamines •
Psychometrics • adverse effects • diagnosis •
drug therapy* • psychology • statistics &
numerical data • therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of
atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) in 5- and 6-year-old children. METHODS: This
was an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized
clinical trial of atomoxetine in 101 children with ADHD.
Atomoxetine or placebo was flexibly titrated to a maximum
dose of 1.8 mg/kg per day. The pharmacotherapist reviewed
psychoeducational material on ADHD and behavioral-management
strategies with parents during each study visit. RESULTS:
Significant mean decreases in parent (P = .009) and teacher
(P = .02) ADHD-IV Rating Scale scores were demonstrated with
atomoxetine compared with placebo. A total of 40% of
children treated with atomoxetine met response criteria
(Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale indicating
much or very much improved) compared with 22% of children on
placebo, which was not significant (P = .1). Decreased
appetite, gastrointestinal upset, and sedation were
significantly more common with atomoxetine than placebo.
Although some children demonstrated a robust response to
atomoxetine, for others the response was more attenuated.
Sixty-two percent of subjects who received atomoxetine were
moderately, markedly, or severely ill according to the
Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale at study
completion. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first
randomized controlled trial of atomoxetine in children as
young as 5 years. Atomoxetine generally was well tolerated
and reduced core ADHD symptoms in the children on the basis
of parent and teacher reports. Reductions in the ADHD-IV
Rating Scale scores, however, did not necessarily translate
to overall clinical and functional improvement, as
demonstrated on the Clinical Global Impression-Severity
Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale.
Despite benefits, the children in the atomoxetine group
remained, on average, significantly impaired at the end of
the study.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1542/peds.2010-0825},
Key = {fds275105}
}
@article{fds275150,
Author = {JF Leckman and JS March},
Title = {Editorial: Developmental neuroscience comes of
age.},
Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {4},
Pages = {333-338},
Year = {2011},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1469-7610},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21410471},
Keywords = {Child • Child Psychiatry • Child Psychology •
Developmental Disabilities • Forecasting • Gene
Expression • Humans • Neurosciences • Social
Environment • genetics • psychology •
trends*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02378.x},
Key = {fds275150}
}
@article{fds275109,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Looking to the future of research in pediatric anxiety
disorders.},
Journal = {Depress Anxiety},
Volume = {28},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88-98},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1520-6394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21162058},
Keywords = {Anxiety Disorders • Arousal • Brain • Child
• Clinical Trials as Topic • Combined Modality
Therapy • Evidence-Based Medicine • Fear •
Forecasting • Humans • Individualized Medicine
• United States • diagnosis • physiology
• physiopathology • psychology •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The rapid emergence of translational
developmental neuroscience as the key driver in
understanding the onset of mental illness, the restructuring
of academic health science centers on the NIH Roadmap, and
dramatic shifts in drug, biological, device, and
psychosocial intervention development all have important
consequences for pediatric anxiety disorders as a field.
METHOD: This article, which tracks the final presentation at
a day-long symposium on pediatric anxiety disorders at the
2010 annual meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of
America (ADAA), will try to outline where the field will
head over the next decade as these forces combine to shape
research and practice. RESULTS: After 20 years of large
comparative treatment trials that have defined the place of
current generation treatments, the field is shifting toward
interventions that will emerge from the revolution in
translational developmental neuroscience and that herald the
dawn of stratified and ultimately personalized medicine.
With a much more efficient discovery to translational
continuum, intervention development and dissemination will
benefit from the concurrent transformation of the clinical
and clinical research enterprise. CONCLUSION: Dramatic
advances in science and changes in the structure of medicine
will condition the future of clinical research across every
therapeutic area in medicine. For the field of pediatric
anxiety disorders to thrive it will be important to embrace
and actively participate in this revolution so that anxious
youth are viewed as a key target population and,
consequently, preemptive, preventive, and curative
interventions will be developed for children by first
intent.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/da.20754},
Key = {fds275109}
}
@article{fds275042,
Author = {CA Flessner and J Sapyta and A Garcia and JB Freeman and ME Franklin and E
Foa and J March},
Title = {Examining the psychometric properties of the family
accommodation scale-parent-report (FAS-PR)},
Journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {38-46},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0882-2689},
Abstract = {Growing research has examined parental accommodation among
the families of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD). However, these studies have utilized a parent-report
(PR) version of a measure, the Family Accommodation Scale
(FAS) that has never received proper psychometric
validation. In turn, previously derived subscales have been
developed via clinical rather than empirical evidence. This
study aims to conduct a comprehensive psychometric analysis
of the FAS-PR utilizing data collected from 96 youths with
OCD. Exploratory factors analysis was conducted and revealed
a 12-item scale yielding two separate, yet related
subscales, Avoidance of Triggers (AT) and Involvement in
Compulsions (IC). Subsequent analyses revealed good internal
consistency and convergent and discriminant validity. These
findings suggest that future research should seek to examine
factors that may impact various facets to accommodation as
well as the role these facets plays in predicting treatment
outcome. Limitations are discussed. © 2010 Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10862-010-9196-3},
Key = {fds275042}
}
@article{fds275043,
Author = {MM Amaya and MA Reinecke and SG Silva and JS March},
Title = {Parental marital discord and treatment response in depressed
adolescents},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {3},
Pages = {401-411},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
Abstract = {Evidence suggests that parental marital discord contributes
to the development of internalizing and externalizing
symptoms in children and adolescents. Few studies, however,
have examined the association between parental marital
discord and youth's response to treatment. The present study
examined the impact of interparental discord on treatment
response in a randomized control trial of adolescents with
major depression enrolled in the Treatment for Adolescents
with Depression Study (TADS). Participants were 260
adolescents from two-parent households randomly assigned to
one of four treatment groups: fluoxetine (FLX), cognitive
behavior therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or placebo
(PBO). Logistic regressions revealed that parental marital
discord interacted with youth gender and co-morbid
oppositionality symptoms to predict group differences in
treatment response. © 2010 Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10802-010-9466-2},
Key = {fds275043}
}
@article{fds275061,
Author = {GS Ginsburg and PC Kendall and D Sakolsky and SN Compton and J
Piacentini, AM Albano and JT Walkup and J Sherrill and KA Coffey and MA
Rynn and E al},
Title = {Remission after acute treatment in children and adolescents
with anxiety disorders: Findings from the
CAMS},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {79},
Number = {6},
Pages = {806-813},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
Abstract = {Objective: To report on remission rates in anxious youth who
participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal
Study (CAMS). The CAMS, a multisite clinical trial,
randomized 488 children and adolescents (ages 7-17 years; 79
Caucasian; 50 female) with separation, social, and/or
generalized anxiety disorder to a 12-week treatment of
sertraline (SRT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), their
combination (COMB), or clinical management with pill placebo
(PBO). Method: The primary definition of remission was loss
of all study-entry anxiety disorder diagnoses; additional
definitions of remission were used. All outcomes were rated
by independent evaluators blind to treatment assignment.
Predictors of remission were also examined. Results:
Remission rates after 12 weeks of treatment ranged from 46
to 68 for COMB, 34 to 46 for SRT, 20 to 46 for CBT, and 15
to 27 for PBO. Rates of remission (i.e., achieving a nearly
symptom-free state) were significantly lower than rates of
response (i.e., achieving a clinically meaningful
improvement relative to baseline) for the entire sample.
Youth who received COMB had significantly higher rates of
remission compared to all other treatment groups. Both
monotherapies had higher remission rates compared to PBO,
but rates were not different from each other. Predictors of
remission were younger age, nonminority status, lower
baseline anxiety severity, absence of other internalizing
disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression), and absence of social
phobia. Conclusions: For the majority of children, some
symptoms of anxiety persisted, even among those showing
improvement after 12 weeks of treatment, suggesting a need
to augment or extend current treatments for some children.
© 2011 American Psychological Association.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0025933},
Key = {fds275061}
}
@article{fds275066,
Author = {J Freeman and J Sapyta and A Garcia and D Fitzgerald and M Khanna and M
Choate-Summers, P Moore and A Chrisman and N Haff and A Naeem and J
March and M Franklin},
Title = {Still Struggling: Characteristics of youth with OCD who are
partial responders to medication treatment},
Journal = {Child Psychiatry and Human Development},
Volume = {42},
Number = {4},
Pages = {424-441},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0009-398X},
Abstract = {The primary aim of this paper is to examine the
characteristics of a large sample of youth with OCD who are
partial responders (i.e., still have clinically significant
symptoms) to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medication.
The sample will be described with regard to: demographics,
treatment history, OCD symptoms/severity, family history and
parental psychopathology, comorbidity, and global and family
functioning. The sample includes 124 youth with OCD ranging
in age from 7 to 17 with a primary diagnosis of OCD and a
partial response to an SRI medication. The youth are a
predominantly older (age 12 and over), Caucasian, middle to
upper income group who had received significant past
treatment. Key findings include moderate to severe OCD
symptoms, high ratings of global impairment, and significant
comorbidity, despite partial response to an adequate
medication trial. Considerations regarding generalizability
of the sample and limitations of the study are discussed.
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
2011.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10578-011-0227-4},
Key = {fds275066}
}
@article{fds275070,
Author = {J Curry and S Silva and P Rohde and G Ginsburg and C Kratochvil and A
Simons, J Kirchner and D May and B Kennard and T Mayes and N Feeny and AM
Albano, S Lavanier and M Reinecke and R Jacobs and E Becker-Weidman and E Weller and G Emslie and J Walkup and E Kastelic and B Burns and K Wells and J March},
Title = {Recovery and recurrence following treatment for adolescent
major depression},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {68},
Number = {3},
Pages = {263-270},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
Abstract = {Context: Major depressive disorder in adolescents is common
and impairing. Efficacious treatments have been developed,
but little is known about longer-term outcomes, including
recurrence. Objectives: To determine whether adolescents who
responded to short-term treatments or who received the most
efficacious short-term treatment would have lower recurrence
rates, and to identify predictors of recovery and
recurrence. Design: Naturalistic follow-up study. Setting:
Twelve academic sites in the United States. Participants:
One hundred ninety-six adolescents (86 males and 110
females) randomized to 1 of 4 short-term interventions
(fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment, cognitive behavioral
therapy, their combination, or placebo) in the Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study were followed up for 5
years after study entry (44.6% of the original Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study sample). Main Outcome
Measures: Recovery was defined as absence of clinically
significant major depressive disorder symptoms on the
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for
School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version interview
for at least 8 weeks, and recurrence was defined as a new
episode of major depressive disorder following recovery.
Results: Almost all participants (96.4%) recovered from
their index episode of major depressive disorder during the
follow-up period. Recovery by 2 years was significantly more
likely for short-term treatment responders (96.2%) than for
partial responders or nonresponders (79.1%) (P<.001) but
was not associated with having received the most efficacious
short-term treatment (the combination of fluoxetine and
cognitive behavioral therapy). Of the 189 participants who
recovered, 88 (46.6%) had a recurrence. Recurrence was not
predicted by full short-term treatment response or by
original treatment. However, full or partial responders were
less likely to have a recurrence (42.9%) than were
non-responders (67.6%) (P=.03). Sex predicted recurrence
(57.0% among females vs 32.9% among males; P=.02).
Conclusions: Almost all depressed adolescents recovered.
However, recurrence occurs in almost half of recovered
adolescents, with higher probability in females in this age
range. Further research should identify and address the
vulnerabilities to recurrence that are more common among
young women. ©2011 American Medical Association. All
rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.150},
Key = {fds275070}
}
@article{fds275090,
Author = {LD Miller and A Laye-Gindhu and JL Bennett and Y Liu and S Gold and JS
March, BF Olson and VE Waechtler},
Title = {An effectiveness study of a culturally enriched school-based
CBT anxiety prevention program.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {40},
Number = {4},
Pages = {618-629},
Year = {2011},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722033},
Keywords = {Anxiety • Canada • Child • Cognitive Therapy*
• Culture • Female • Humans • Indians,
North American • Male • School Health Services
• Sex Factors • Treatment Outcome • ethnology
• prevention & control* • psychology*},
Abstract = {Anxiety disorders are prevalent in the school-aged
population and are present across cultural groups. Scant
research exists on culturally relevant prevention and
intervention programs for mental health problems in the
Aboriginal populations. An established cognitive behavioral
program, FRIENDS for Life, was enriched to include content
that was culturally relevant to Aboriginal students.
Students (NÂ =Â 533), including 192 students of
Aboriginal background, participated in the cluster
randomized control study. Data were collected three times
over 1 year. A series of multilevel models were conducted to
examine the effect of the culturally enriched FRIENDS
program on anxiety. These analyses revealed that the FRIENDS
program did not effectively reduce anxiety for the total
sample or for Aboriginal children specifically. However, all
students, regardless of intervention condition, Aboriginal
status, or gender, reported a consistent decrease in
feelings of anxiety over the 6-month study
period.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2011.581619},
Key = {fds275090}
}
@article{fds275117,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Attention bias modification training and the new
interventions research.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {68},
Number = {11},
Pages = {978-979},
Year = {2010},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1873-2402},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075226},
Keywords = {Anxiety Disorders • Attention* • Behavior Therapy*
• Humans • therapy*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.007},
Key = {fds275117}
}
@article{fds275122,
Author = {AM Garcia and JJ Sapyta and PS Moore and JB Freeman and ME Franklin and JS
March and EB Foa},
Title = {Predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in the
Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Treatment Study (POTS
I).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {49},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1024-1033},
Year = {2010},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20855047},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Awareness • Child • Codependency
(Psychology) • Cognitive Therapy* • Combined
Modality Therapy • Comorbidity • Disability
Evaluation • Female • Humans •
Internal-External Control • Linear Models • Male
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Parent-Child
Relations • Prognosis • Serotonin Uptake
Inhibitors • Sertraline • diagnosis •
genetics • psychology • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors and moderators of outcome
in the first Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS I) among
youth (N = 112) randomly assigned to sertraline, cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT), both sertraline and CBT (COMB), or
a pill placebo. METHOD: Potential baseline predictors and
moderators were identified by literature review. The outcome
measure was an adjusted week 12 predicted score for the
Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS).
Main and interactive effects of treatment condition and each
candidate predictor or moderator variable were examined
using a general linear model on the adjusted predicted week
12 CY-BOCS scores. RESULTS: Youth with lower
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) severity, less
OCD-related functional impairment, greater insight, fewer
comorbid externalizing symptoms, and lower levels of family
accommodation showed greater improvement across treatment
conditions than their counterparts after acute POTS
treatment. Those with a family history of OCD had more than
a sixfold decrease in effect size in CBT monotherapy
relative to their counterparts in CBT without a family
history of OCD. CONCLUSIONS: Greater attention is needed to
build optimized intervention strategies for more complex
youth with OCD. Youth with a family history of OCD are not
likely to benefit from CBT unless offered in combination
with an SSRI. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION INFORMATION:
Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in
Children, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov,
NCT00000384.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.013},
Key = {fds275122}
}
@article{fds275157,
Author = {GL Stein and JF Curry and J Hersh and A Breland-Noble and J March and SG
Silva, MA Reinecke and R Jacobs},
Title = {Ethnic differences among adolescents beginning treatment for
depression.},
Journal = {Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol},
Volume = {16},
Number = {2},
Pages = {152-158},
Year = {2010},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1099-9809},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20438153},
Abstract = {This study examines ethnic/racial differences at the start
of treatment among participants in the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). African American
and Latino youth were compared to Caucasian youth on symptom
presentation and cognitive variables associated with
depression. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no
significant differences in symptom presentation as measured
by the interview-based items of the Children's Depression
Rating Scale--Revised (CDRS-R). However, African American
and Latino youth were both rated as demonstrating more
severe symptoms on the observational items of the CDRS-R
compared to Caucasian youth. In terms of cognitive variables
associated with depression, African Americans reported fewer
negative cognitive biases compared to Caucasians, but
cognitive biases were significantly correlated with
depression severity across ethnic groups.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0018666},
Key = {fds275157}
}
@article{fds275091,
Author = {CC Lewis and AD Simons and LJ Nguyen and JL Murakami and MW Reid and SG
Silva and JS March},
Title = {Impact of childhood trauma on treatment outcome in the
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study
(TADS).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {49},
Number = {2},
Pages = {132-140},
Year = {2010},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20215935},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
• Child • Child Abuse • Child Abuse, Sexual
• Cognitive Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy
• Depressive Disorder, Major • Double-Blind Method
• Female • Fluoxetine • Humans • Life
Change Events* • Longitudinal Studies • Male
• Personality Inventory • Psychometrics •
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic • Treatment Outcome
• blood* • diagnosis • psychology* •
statistics & numerical data • therapeutic use* •
therapy},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The impact of childhood trauma was examined in
427 adolescents (54% girls, 74% Caucasian, mean = 14.6, SD =
1.5) with major depressive disorder participating in the
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).
METHOD: TADS compared the efficacy of cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT), fluoxetine (FLX), their combination (COMB),
and placebo (PBO). Teens were separated into four trauma
history groups: (1) no trauma; (2) trauma, no abuse; (3)
physical abuse; (4), and sexual abuse. The effects of
treatment and trauma history on depression severity across
12 weeks of acute treatment, as measured by the Children's
Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), were examined.
RESULTS: A significant trauma-by-treatment-by-time
interaction indicated that trauma history moderated
treatment. The Week 12 primary efficacy findings previously
reported by TADS were replicated in the no trauma group (n =
201): COMB = FLX > CBT = PBO. No significant differences in
treatment arms were observed among the trauma, no abuse, or
physical abuse group. Teens with a history of sexual abuse
treated with COMB, FLX, and PBO showed significant and
equivalent improvement on the CDRS-R (mean <45), whereas the
mean CDRS-R for the CBT group tended to remain in the
depressed range (mean >45). Baseline suicidality and
self-reported depression were significantly related to a
history of sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS: The study was limited
by the level of detail regarding childhood traumatic
experiences. Results are discussed in terms of the
implications for treating depressed adolescents with
traumatic backgrounds.Clinical Trials Registry Information:
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study;
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00006286.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275091}
}
@article{fds275167,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Commentary on 'Forum: use of antidepressants in children and
adolescents'.},
Journal = {Curr Opin Psychiatry},
Volume = {23},
Number = {1},
Pages = {63-65},
Year = {2010},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1473-6578},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19952557},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Behavior Therapy • Child •
Depressive Disorder • Humans • Meta-Analysis as
Topic • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors • Suicide,
Attempted* • drug therapy* • psychology •
therapeutic use*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/01.yco.0000365437.88103.9d},
Key = {fds275167}
}
@article{fds275035,
Author = {EG Becker-Weidman and RH Jacobs and MA Reinecke and SG Silva and JS
March},
Title = {Social problem-solving among adolescents treated for
depression},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {48},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11-18},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
Abstract = {Studies suggest that deficits in social problem-solving may
be associated with increased risk of depression and
suicidality in children and adolescents. It is unclear,
however, which specific dimensions of social problem-solving
are related to depression and suicidality among youth.
Moreover, rational problem-solving strategies and
problem-solving motivation may moderate or predict change in
depression and suicidality among children and adolescents
receiving treatment. The effect of social problem-solving on
acute treatment outcomes were explored in a randomized
controlled trial of 439 clinically depressed adolescents
enrolled in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression
Study (TADS). Measures included the Children's Depression
Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), the Suicidal Ideation
Questionnaire - Grades 7-9 (SIQ-Jr), and the Social
Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R). A random
coefficients regression model was conducted to examine main
and interaction effects of treatment and SPSI-R subscale
scores on outcomes during the 12-week acute treatment stage.
Negative problem orientation, positive problem orientation,
and avoidant problem-solving style were non-specific
predictors of depression severity. In terms of suicidality,
avoidant problem-solving style and impulsiveness/carelessness
style were predictors, whereas negative problem orientation
and positive problem orientation were moderators of
treatment outcome. Implications of these findings,
limitations, and directions for future research are
discussed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2009.08.006},
Key = {fds275035}
}
@article{fds275036,
Author = {RH Jacobs and EG Becker-Weidman and MA Reinecke and N Jordan and SG
Silva, P Rohde and JS March},
Title = {Treating depression and oppositional behavior in
adolescents},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent
Psychology},
Volume = {39},
Number = {4},
Pages = {559-567},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1537-4416},
Abstract = {Adolescents with depression and high levels of
oppositionality often are particularly difficult to treat.
Few studies, however, have examined treatment outcomes among
youth with both externalizing and internalizing problems.
This study examines the effect of fluoxetine, cognitive
behavior therapy (CBT), the combination of fluoxetine and
CBT, and placebo on co-occurring oppositionality within a
sample of depressed adolescents. All treatments resulted in
decreased oppositionality at 12 weeks. Adolescents receiving
fluoxetine, either alone or in combination with CBT,
experienced greater reductions in oppositionality than
adolescents not receiving antidepressant medication. These
results suggest that treatments designed to alleviate
depression can reduce oppositionality among youth with a
primary diagnosis of depression. © Taylor & Francis
Group, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1080/15374416.2010.486318},
Key = {fds275036}
}
@article{fds275037,
Author = {EB Foa and M Coles and JD Huppert and RV Pasupuleti and ME Franklin and J March},
Title = {Development and Validation of a Child Version of the
Obsessive Compulsive Inventory},
Journal = {Behavior Therapy},
Volume = {41},
Number = {1},
Pages = {121-132},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0005-7894},
Abstract = {Surprisingly, only 3 self-report measures that directly
assess pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have
been developed. In addition, these scales have typically
been developed in small samples and fail to provide a quick
assessment of symptoms across multiple domains. Therefore,
the current paper presents initial psychometric data for a
quick assessment of pediatric OCD across multiple symptom
domains, a child version of the Obsessive Compulsive
Inventory (the OCI-CV). Data from a sample of over 100 youth
ages 7 to 17 with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD support
the use of the 21-item OCI-CV. Results support the use of
the OCI-CV as a general index of OCD symptom severity and in
6 symptom domains parallel to those assessed by the revised
adult version of the scale (OCI-R). The OCI-CV showed strong
retest reliability after approximately 1.5 weeks in a
subsample of 64 participants and was significantly
correlated with clinician-rated OCD symptom severity and
parent and child reports of dysfunction related to OCD.
Significantly stronger correlations with self-reported
anxiety than with depressive symptoms provide initial
support for the divergent validity of the measure. Finally,
preliminary data with 88 treatment completers suggest that
the OCI-CV is sensitive to change. © 2009.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2009.02.001},
Key = {fds275037}
}
@article{fds275038,
Author = {JS March and DL Evans},
Title = {In Memoriam: Elizabeth Weller, M.D.},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {67},
Number = {7},
Pages = {e49},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.031},
Key = {fds275038}
}
@article{fds275039,
Author = {CA Flessner and A Allgair and A Garcia and J Freeman and J Sapyta and ME
Franklin, E Foa and J March},
Title = {The impact of neuropsychological functioning on treatment
outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive
disorder},
Journal = {Depression and Anxiety},
Volume = {27},
Number = {4},
Pages = {365-371},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1091-4269},
Abstract = {Background: Scant research has examined the effect of
neuropsychological (NP) functioning on treatment outcome in
pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study
sought to address this gap in existing research. Methods: A
total of 63 youths were included in this study and asked to
complete the Rey- Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and
specific subtests of theWechsler Intelligence Scale for
Children, Third Edition (WISC-III). Results: Analyses
suggest that 5min recall accuracy (raw score) and percent
recall from the ROCF, assessed before treatment may be
predictors of treatment response among children with OCD.
What is more, exploratory post hoc analyses indicated that
performance on these ROCF tasks is particularly relevant
among youths receiving cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
alone. These results may be driven by executive functioning
ability. Additional analyses suggest a relationship between
age, symptom severity, and NP functioning on select tasks
from both the ROCF and WISC-III. Conclusions: Although
alternative explanations exist, these findings suggest that
poorer performance on the ROCF and, in turn, poorer response
to treatment, particularly among those youths receiving CBT
alone, may be due to executive functioning difficulties.
Clinicians and researchers should be sensitive to this fact
and may warrant modification(s) to existing treatment
protocols. Limitations to this study, however, suggest the
need for replication and extension of these findings in the
future. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
Doi = {10.1002/da.20626},
Key = {fds275039}
}
@article{fds275040,
Author = {RH Jacobs and MA Reinecke and JK Gollan and N Jordan and SG Silva and JS
March},
Title = {Extreme thinking in clinically depressed adolescents:
Results from the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression
Study (TADS)},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {48},
Number = {11},
Pages = {1155-1159},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
Abstract = {The purpose of this report is to examine relations between
extreme thinking, as measured by the Dysfunctional Attitudes
Scale, and the maintenance of gains among adolescents who
participated in the Treatment for Adolescents with
Depression Study (TADS). We examine extreme thinking among
327 adolescents (mean age. = 14.56, 57% female, 75% White)
who received cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), fluoxetine
(FLX), or a combination of CBT and FLX (COMB). Among those
who met remission status on the Children's Depression Rating
Scale - Revised (CDRS-R ≤ 28; 56 at week 12, 79 at
week 18) extreme thinking did not predict failure to
maintain remission. This is in contrast to findings with
depressed adults. Treatment influenced level of extreme
thinking, and this appeared to be driven by greater
endorsement of positively valenced beliefs as opposed to a
decrease in negatively valenced beliefs. Developmental or
investigation characteristics may account for the
discrepancy in findings. © 2010 Elsevier
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2010.08.001},
Key = {fds275040}
}
@article{fds275041,
Author = {J March and HC Kraemer and M Trivedi and J Csernansky and J Davis and TA
Ketter and ID Glick},
Title = {What have we learned about trial design from NIMH-funded
pragmatic trials},
Journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
Volume = {35},
Number = {13},
Pages = {2491-2501},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0893-133X},
Abstract = {At the 2008 annual meeting of the American College of
Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP), a symposium was devoted to
the following question: what have we learned about the
design of pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) from the recent
costly long-term, large-scale trials of psychiatric
treatments? in order to inform the design of future trials.
In all, 10 recommendations were generated placing emphasis
on (1) appropriate conduct of pragmatic trials; (2)
clinical, rather than, merely statistical significance; (3)
sampling from the population clinicians are called upon to
treat; (4) clinical outcomes of patients, rather than, on
outcome measures; (5) use of stratification, controlling, or
adjusting when necessary and not otherwise; (6) appropriate
consideration of site differences in multisite studies; (7)
encouragement of post hoc exploration to generate (not test)
hypotheses; (8) precise articulation of the treatment
strategy to be tested and use of the corresponding
appropriate design; (9) expanded opportunity for training of
researchers and reviewers in RCT principles; and (10)
greater emphasis on data sharing. © 2010 Nature
Publishing Group All rights reserved.},
Doi = {10.1038/npp.2010.115},
Key = {fds275041}
}
@article{fds275060,
Author = {PC Kendall and SN Compton and JT Walkup and B Birmaher and AM Albano and J
Sherrill, G Ginsburg and M Rynn and J McCracken and E Gosch and E
al},
Title = {Clinical characteristics of anxiety disordered
youth},
Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},
Volume = {24},
Number = {3},
Pages = {360-365},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0887-6185},
Abstract = {Reports the characteristics of a large, representative
sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N=488).
Participants, aged 7-17 years (mean 10.7 years), had a
principal DSM-IV diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder
(SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social phobia
(SP). Although youth with a co-primary diagnosis for which a
different disorder-specific treatment would be indicated
(e.g., major depressive disorder, substance abuse) were not
included, there were few other exclusion criteria.
Participants and their parent/guardian underwent an
extensive baseline assessment using a broad array of
measures capturing diagnostic status, anxiety symptoms and
severity, and areas of functional impairment. Means and
standard deviations of the measures of psychopathology and
data on diagnostic status are provided. The sample had
moderate to severe anxiety disorder and was highly comorbid,
with 55.3% of participants meeting criteria for at least one
non-targeted DSM-IV disorder. Anxiety disorders in youth
often do not present as a single/focused disorder: such
disorders in youth overlap in symptoms and are highly
comorbid among themselves. © 2010 Elsevier
Ltd.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.01.009},
Key = {fds275060}
}
@article{fds275171,
Author = {SN Compton and JT Walkup and AM Albano and JC Piacentini and B Birmaher and JT Sherrill and GS Ginsburg and MA Rynn and JT McCracken and BD Waslick and S Iyengar and PC Kendall and JS March},
Title = {Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS): rationale,
design, and methods.},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
Volume = {4},
Pages = {1},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {1753-2000},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051130},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present the design, methods, and rationale of
the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a
recently completed federally-funded, multi-site, randomized
placebo-controlled trial that examined the relative efficacy
of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT), and
their combination (COMB) against pill placebo (PBO) for the
treatment of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD) and social phobia (SoP) in children
and adolescents. METHODS: Following a brief review of the
acute outcomes of the CAMS trial, as well as the
psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment literature for
pediatric anxiety disorders, the design and methods of the
CAMS trial are described. RESULTS: CAMS was a six-year,
six-site, randomized controlled trial. Four hundred
eighty-eight (N = 488) children and adolescents (ages 7-17
years) with DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of SAD, GAD, or SoP were
randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: CBT,
SRT, COMB, or PBO. Assessments of anxiety symptoms, safety,
and functional outcomes, as well as putative mediators and
moderators of treatment response were completed in a
multi-measure, multi-informant fashion. Manual-based
therapies, trained clinicians and independent evaluators
were used to ensure treatment and assessment fidelity. A
multi-layered administrative structure with representation
from all sites facilitated cross-site coordination of the
entire trial, study protocols and quality assurance.
CONCLUSIONS: CAMS offers a model for clinical trials methods
applicable to psychosocial and psychopharmacological
comparative treatment trials by using state-of-the-art
methods and rigorous cross-site quality controls. CAMS also
provided a large-scale examination of the relative and
combined efficacy and safety of the best evidenced-based
psychosocial (CBT) and pharmacologic (SSRI) treatments to
date for the most commonly occurring pediatric anxiety
disorders. Primary and secondary results of CAMS will hold
important implications for informing practice-relevant
decisions regarding the initial treatment of youth with
anxiety disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00052078.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-4-1},
Key = {fds275171}
}
@article{fds275092,
Author = {RH Jacobs and SG Silva and MA Reinecke and JF Curry and GS Ginsburg and CJ
Kratochvil and JS March},
Title = {Dysfunctional attitudes scale perfectionism: a predictor and
partial mediator of acute treatment outcome among clinically
depressed adolescents.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {803-813},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183664},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Attitude* • Child • Cognitive
Therapy • Depressive Disorder, Major • Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders • Female
• Humans • Male • Personality* •
Predictive Value of Tests • Questionnaires* • Self
Concept • Treatment Outcome • diagnosis •
methods* • psychology • therapy*},
Abstract = {The effect of perfectionism on acute treatment outcomes was
explored in a randomized controlled trial of 439 clinically
depressed adolescents (12-17 years of age) enrolled in the
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) who
received cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), fluoxetine, a
combination of CBT and FLX, or pill placebo. Measures
included the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised, the
Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Grades 7-9, and the
perfectionism subscale from the Dysfunctional Attitudes
Scale (DAS). Predictor results indicate that adolescents
with higher versus lower DAS perfectionism scores at
baseline, regardless of treatment, continued to demonstrate
elevated depression scores across the acute treatment
period. In the case of suicidality, DAS perfectionism
impeded improvement. Treatment outcomes were partially
mediated by the change in DAS perfectionism across the
12-week period.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903259031},
Key = {fds275092}
}
@article{fds275093,
Author = {NC Feeny and SG Silva and MA Reinecke and S McNulty and RL Findling and P
Rohde, JF Curry and GS Ginsburg and CJ Kratochvil and SM Pathak and DE
May, BD Kennard and AD Simons and KC Wells and M Robins and D Rosenberg and JS March},
Title = {An exploratory analysis of the impact of family functioning
on treatment for depression in adolescents.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {814-825},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183665},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognitive Therapy •
Depressive Disorder, Major • Double-Blind Method •
Family • Female • Fluoxetine • Humans •
Male • Research Design • Serotonin Uptake
Inhibitors • Single-Blind Method • Social
Environment • Treatment Outcome • diagnosis •
methods* • psychology* • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {This article explores aspects of family environment and
parent-child conflict that may predict or moderate response
to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439)
randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive behavioral
therapy, their combination, or placebo. Outcomes were Week
12 scores on measures of depression and global impairment.
Of 20 candidate variables, one predictor emerged: Across
treatments, adolescents with mothers who reported less
parent-child conflict were more likely to benefit than their
counterparts. When family functioning moderated outcome,
adolescents who endorsed more negative environments were
more likely to benefit from fluoxetine. Similarly, when
moderating effects were seen on cognitive behavioral therapy
conditions, they were in the direction of being less
effective among teens reporting poorer family
environments.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903297148},
Key = {fds275093}
}
@article{fds275094,
Author = {GS Ginsburg and SG Silva and RH Jacobs and S Tonev and RH Hoyle and JN
Kingery, MA Reinecke and JF Curry and JS March},
Title = {Cognitive measures of adolescent depression: unique or
unitary constructs?},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {790-802},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183663},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognition Disorders •
Cognitive Therapy • Culture • Depressive Disorder,
Major • Female • Fluoxetine • Humans •
Male • Neuropsychological Tests • Personality
Disorders • Questionnaires • Self Concept •
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors • Treatment Outcome •
diagnosis • diagnosis* • epidemiology •
epidemiology* • methods* • psychology •
therapeutic use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {The factor structure of several self-report questionnaires
assessing depression-relevant cognitions frequently employed
in clinical research was examined in a sample of 390
adolescents (M age = 14.54; 216 girls; 74% Caucasian) with
current major depressive disorder enrolled in the Treatment
of Adolescents with Depression Study. A four-factor solution
resulted, accounting for 65% of the total variance. The
factors were labeled (a) Cognitive Distortions and
Maladaptive Beliefs, (b) Cognitive Avoidance, (c) Positive
Outlook, and (d) Solution-Focused Thinking. Internal
consistencies for the factor-based composite scores were
.83, .85, .84, and .82, respectively. Girls endorsed more
negative cognitions than boys on three of the four factors.
Maladaptive cognitions were positively related to severity
of depression and predicted treatment response. Taken
together, findings indicated that there are four distinct
domains of cognitions that are present among adolescents
with depression that are tapped by several widely used
self-report measures of cognitions.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903259015},
Key = {fds275094}
}
@article{fds275095,
Author = {GM Rogers and JH Park and MJ Essex and MH Klein and SG Silva and RH Hoyle and JF Curry and NC Feeny and B Kennard and CJ Kratochvil and S Pathak and MA
Reinecke, DR Rosenberg and EB Weller and JS
March},
Title = {The dysfunctional attitudes scale: psychometric properties
in depressed adolescents.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {781-789},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183662},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Anxiety Disorders • Attitude* •
Child • Depressive Disorder, Major • Factor
Analysis, Statistical • Female • Humans •
Male • Psychological Theory • Questionnaires*
• Self Concept • diagnosis • diagnosis*
• epidemiology • psychology •
psychology*},
Abstract = {The psychometric properties and factor structure of the
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale were examined in a sample of
422 male and female adolescents (ages 12-17) with current
major depressive disorder. The scale demonstrated high
internal consistency (alpha = .93) and correlated
significantly with self-report and interview-based measures
of depression. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a
correlated 2-factor model, with scales corresponding to
perfectionism and need for social approval, provided a
satisfactory fit to the data. The goodness-of-fit was
equivalent across sexes and age groups. The findings support
the use of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and its
subscales in the assessment of clinically depressed
adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903259007},
Key = {fds275095}
}
@article{fds275096,
Author = {MA Reinecke and JF Curry and JS March},
Title = {Findings from the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression
Study (TADS): what have we learned? What do we need to
know?},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {761-767},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183660},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Clinical Competence* • Depressive
Disorder • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*
• Humans • Recurrence • Suicide, Attempted
• drug therapy* • epidemiology • prevention &
control • psychology • statistics & numerical
data},
Abstract = {This introduction to the special section on findings from
the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study provides
a review of the rationale for the study, its design, and
principal findings to date. Findings with regard to acute
effectiveness of alternative treatments, relapse,
recurrence, maintenance of gains, and the effects of
treatment on suicidal ideations and suicidal behavior are
reviewed. We conclude with a brief discussion of unresolved
clinical issues, including treatment resistance, management
of partial response, moderators and predictors of long-term
response, and mediators of clinical change. The articles of
the special section address a range of issues including
relations between cognitive factors associated with
depression, relations between maladaptive beliefs and
treatment response, cognitive mediators of therapeutic
improvement, relations between family conflict and treatment
response, and the economic costs of adolescent
depression.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903258991},
Key = {fds275096}
}
@article{fds275097,
Author = {JN Kingery and HO Kepley and GS Ginsburg and JT Walkup and SG Silva and RH
Hoyle, MA Reinecke and JS March},
Title = {Factor structure and psychometric properties of the
Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire with a
clinically depressed adolescent sample.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {768-780},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183661},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Affect* • Child • Cognition*
• Cognitive Therapy • Depressive Disorder, Major
• Factor Analysis, Statistical • Female •
Fluoxetine • Humans • Male • Observer
Variation • Psychometrics • Questionnaires* •
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors • diagnosis* •
epidemiology • methods* • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {The factor structure and psychometric properties of the
Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CNCEQ)
were examined with 427 adolescents ages 12 to 18 (193 boys)
with current major depressive disorder. Results of
confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model
comprised of three content area factors (i.e., social,
academic, athletic) and a general factor. Internal
consistencies ranged between .84 and .94 for the total and
three content area scores. Girls scored significantly higher
than boys on all factors, but no age differences on the
factors were found. Convergent and discriminant validity of
the CNCEQ were supported. Results did not support the
original subscales organized by type of cognitive distortion
(e.g., catastrophizing, overgeneralizing). Findings
indicated that the CNCEQ would be a useful clinical tool for
assessing cognitive symptoms within relevant domains of
functioning (e.g., social, academic) of depressed
youth.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903297130},
Key = {fds275097}
}
@article{fds275099,
Author = {ME Domino and BJ Burns and J Mario and MA Reinecke and B Vitiello and EB
Weller, CJ Kratochvil and DE May and NC Feeny and M Robins and MJ
Hallin, SG Silva and JS March},
Title = {Service use and costs of care for depressed adolescents: who
uses and who pays?},
Journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol},
Volume = {38},
Number = {6},
Pages = {826-836},
Year = {2009},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {1537-4424},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183666},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Depressive Disorder, Major
• Female • Humans • Male • Mental Health
Services • drug therapy* • economics* •
utilization*},
Abstract = {Major depressive disorder is common in adolescence and is
associated with significant morbidity and family burden.
Little is known about service use by depressed adolescents.
The purpose of this article is to report the patterns of
services use and costs for participants in the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study sample during the 3 months
before randomization. Costs were assigned across three
categories of payors: families, private insurance, and the
public sector. We examined whether costs from payors varied
by baseline covariates, such as age, gender, insurance
status, and family income. The majority (71%) of depressed
youth sought services during the 3-month period. Slightly
more than one-fifth had contact with a behavioral health
specialist. The average participant had just under $300 (SD
= $437.67, range = $0-$3,747.71) in treatment-related costs,
with most of these costs borne by families and private
insurers.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1080/15374410903259023},
Key = {fds275099}
}
@article{fds275069,
Author = { Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
Team and J March and S Silva and J Curry and K Wells and J Fairbank and B
Burns, M Domino and B Vitiello and J Severe and K Riedal and M Goldman and N Feeny and R Findling and S Stull and S Baab and EB Weller and M Robbins and RA Weller and N Jessani and B Waslick and M Sweeney and R Dublin and J
Walkup, G Ginsburg and E Kastelic and H Koo and C Kratochvil and D May and R LaGrone and B Vaughan and AM Albano and GS Hirsch and E Podniesinki and A
Chu, M Reincecke and B Leventhal and G Rogers and R Jacobs and S Pathak and J Wells and SA Lavanier and A Danielyan and P Rohde and A Simons and J
Grimm, S Frank and G Emslie and B Kennard and C Hughes and TL Mayes and D
Rosenberg, N Benazon and M Butkus and M Bartoi},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS):
outcomes over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up.},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {166},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1141-1149},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723787},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression
Study (TADS) evaluates the effectiveness of fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination in
adolescents with major depressive disorder. The authors
report effectiveness outcomes across a 1-year naturalistic
follow-up period. METHOD: The randomized, controlled trial
was conducted in 13 academic and community sites in the
United States. Stages I, II, and III consisted of 12, 6, and
18 weeks of acute, consolidation, and continuation
treatment, respectively. Following discontinuation of TADS
treatments at the end of stage III, stage IV consisted of 1
year of naturalistic follow-up. The participants were 327
subjects between the ages of 12 and 17 with a primary DSM-IV
diagnosis of major depressive disorder. No TADS treatment
was provided during the follow-up period; treatment was
available in the community. The primary dependent measures,
rated by an independent evaluator blind to treatment status,
were the total score on the Children's Depression Rating
Scale-Revised and the rate of response, defined as a rating
of much or very much improved on the Clinical Global
Impressions improvement measure. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent
of the eligible subjects participated in at least one stage
IV assessment. The benefits seen at the end of active
treatment (week 36) persisted during follow-up on all
measures of depression and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS: In
contrast to earlier reports on short-term treatments, in
which worsening after treatment is the rule, the longer
treatment in the TADS was associated with persistent
benefits over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up.},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08111620},
Key = {fds275069}
}
@article{fds275103,
Author = {DA Brent and LL Greenhill and S Compton and G Emslie and K Wells and JT
Walkup, B Vitiello and O Bukstein and B Stanley and K Posner and BD
Kennard, MF Cwik and A Wagner and B Coffey and JS March and M Riddle and T
Goldstein, J Curry and S Barnett and L Capasso and J Zelazny and J
Hughes, S Shen and SS Gugga and JB Turner},
Title = {The Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters study (TASA):
predictors of suicidal events in an open treatment
trial.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {987-996},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19730274},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Algorithms • Antidepressive Agents
• Child • Cognitive Therapy* • Combined
Modality Therapy • Depressive Disorder, Major •
Dysthymic Disorder • Female • Humans •
Interview, Psychological • Male • Personality
Inventory • Recurrence • Suicide, Attempted •
diagnosis • epidemiology • prevention & control
• prevention & control* • psychology •
psychology* • statistics & numerical data •
therapeutic use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of suicidal events and
attempts in adolescent suicide attempters with depression
treated in an open treatment trial. METHOD: Adolescents who
had made a recent suicide attempt and had unipolar
depression (n =124) were either randomized (n = 22) or given
a choice (n = 102) among three conditions. Two participants
withdrew before treatment assignment. The remaining 124
youths received a specialized psychotherapy for suicide
attempting adolescents (n = 17), a medication algorithm (n =
14), or the combination (n = 93). The participants were
followed up 6 months after intake with respect to rate,
timing, and predictors of a suicidal event (attempt or acute
suicidal ideation necessitating emergency referral).
RESULTS: The morbid risks of suicidal events and attempts on
6-month follow-up were 0.19 and 0.12, respectively, with a
median time to event of 44 days. Higher self-rated
depression, suicidal ideation, family income, greater number
of previous suicide attempts, lower maximum lethality of
previous attempt, history of sexual abuse, and lower family
cohesion predicted the occurrence, and earlier time to
event, with similar findings for the outcome of attempts. A
slower decline in suicidal ideation was associated with the
occurrence of a suicidal event. CONCLUSIONS: In this open
trial, the 6-month morbid risks for suicidal events and for
reattempts were lower than those in other comparable
samples, suggesting that this intervention should be studied
further. Important treatment targets include suicidal
ideation, family cohesion, and sequelae of previous abuse.
Because 40% of events occurred with 4 weeks of intake, an
emphasis on safety planning and increased therapeutic
contact early in treatment may be warranted.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbe4},
Key = {fds275103}
}
@article{fds275106,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and DE May and SG Silva and V Madaan and SE Puumala and JF
Curry, J Walkup and H Kepley and B Vitiello and JS
March},
Title = {Treatment response in depressed adolescents with and without
co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression
Study.},
Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {19},
Number = {5},
Pages = {519-527},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1557-8992},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19877976},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Attention Deficit Disorder with
Hyperactivity • Child • Cognitive Therapy •
Combined Modality Therapy • Depressive Disorder, Major
• Female • Fluoxetine • Humans • Male
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic •
Regression Analysis • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
• Treatment Outcome • complications •
complications* • methods* • therapeutic use*
• therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression
Study (TADS), fluoxetine (FLX) and the combination of
fluoxetine with cognitive-behavioral therapy (COMB) had
superior improvement trajectories compared to pill placebo
(PBO), whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was not
significantly different from PBO. Because
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major
depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-exist, we examined
whether ADHD moderated these outcomes in TADS. METHOD: A
total of 439 adolescents with MDD, 12-17 years old, were
randomized to FLX, CBT, COMB, or PBO. Random coefficients
regression models examined depression improvement in 377
depressed youths without ADHD and 62 with ADHD, including 20
who were treated with a psychostimulant. RESULTS: Within the
ADHD group, the improvement trajectories of the three active
treatments were similar, all with rates of improvement
greater than PBO. For those without ADHD, only COMB had a
rate of improvement that was superior to PBO. CONCLUSIONS:
Co-morbid ADHD moderated treatment of MDD. CBT alone or FLX
alone may offer benefits similar to COMB in the treatment of
MDD in youths with co-morbid MDD and ADHD, whereas
monotherapy may not match the benefits of COMB for those
without ADHD. The ADHD subgroup analysis presented in this
paper is exploratory in nature because of the small number
of youths with ADHD in the sample. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY:
www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006286. The TADS
protocol and all of the TADS manuals are available on the
Internet at https://trialweb.dcri.duke.edu/tads/index.html
.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1089/cap.2008.0143},
Key = {fds275106}
}
@article{fds275110,
Author = {RA Shelby and TJ Somers and FJ Keefe and SG Silva and DC McKee and L She and SJ Waters and I Varia and YB Riordan and VM Knowles and M Blazing and JA
Blumenthal and P Johnson},
Title = {Pain catastrophizing in patients with noncardiac chest pain:
relationships with pain, anxiety, and disability.},
Journal = {Psychosom Med},
Volume = {71},
Number = {8},
Pages = {861-868},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19737857},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the contributions of chest pain,
anxiety, and pain catastrophizing to disability in 97
patients with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) and to test
whether chest pain and anxiety were related indirectly to
greater disability via pain catastrophizing. METHODS:
Participants completed daily diaries measuring chest pain
for 7 days before completing measures of pain
catastrophizing, trait anxiety, and disability. Linear path
model analyses examined the contributions of chest pain,
trait anxiety, and catastrophizing to physical disability,
psychosocial disability, and disability in work, home, and
recreational activities. RESULTS: Path models accounted for
a significant amount of the variability in disability scales
(R(2) = 0.35 to 0.52). Chest pain and anxiety accounted for
46% of the variance in pain catastrophizing. Both chest pain
(beta = 0.18, Sobel test Z = 2.58, p < .01) and trait
anxiety (beta = 0.14, Sobel test Z = 2.11, p < .05)
demonstrated significant indirect relationships with
physical disability via pain catastrophizing. Chest pain
demonstrated a significant indirect relationship with
psychosocial disability via pain catastrophizing (beta =
0.12, Sobel test Z = 1.96, p = .05). After controlling for
the effects of chest pain and anxiety, pain catastrophizing
was no longer related to disability in work, home, and
recreational activities. CONCLUSIONS: Chest pain and anxiety
were directly related to greater disability and indirectly
related to physical and psychosocial disability via pain
catastrophizing. Efforts to improve functioning in patients
with NCCP should consider addressing pain
catastrophizing.},
Doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181b49584},
Key = {fds275110}
}
@article{fds275131,
Author = {JS March and B Vitiello},
Title = {Benefits exceed risks of newer antidepressant medications in
youth--maybe.},
Journal = {Clin Pharmacol Ther},
Volume = {86},
Number = {4},
Pages = {355-357},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1532-6535},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19763113},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
• Behavior Therapy • Child • Clinical Trials
as Topic • Humans • Mental Disorders •
Placebo Effect • Risk Assessment • Serotonin
Uptake Inhibitors • Suicide • adverse effects*
• drug therapy* • therapeutic use •
therapy},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1038/clpt.2009.172},
Key = {fds275131}
}
@article{fds275153,
Author = {B Vitiello and DA Brent and LL Greenhill and G Emslie and K Wells and JT
Walkup, B Stanley and O Bukstein and BD Kennard and S Compton and B
Coffey, MF Cwik and K Posner and A Wagner and JS March and M Riddle and T
Goldstein, J Curry and L Capasso and T Mayes and S Shen and SS Gugga and JB
Turner, S Barnett and J Zelazny},
Title = {Depressive symptoms and clinical status during the Treatment
of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA) Study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {10},
Pages = {997-1004},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20854770},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents • Child •
Cognitive Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy •
Depressive Disorder, Major • Drug Resistance •
Drug Therapy, Combination • Dysthymic Disorder •
Female • Follow-Up Studies • Humans •
Interview, Psychological • Male • Recurrence
• Suicide, Attempted • diagnosis •
epidemiology • prevention & control • prevention &
control* • psychology • psychology* •
statistics & numerical data • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the course of depression during the
treatment of adolescents with depression who had recently
attempted suicide. METHOD: Adolescents (N = 124), ages 12 to
18 years, with a 90-day history of suicide attempt, a
current diagnosis of depressive disorder (96.0% had major
depressive disorder), and a Children's Depression Rating
Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) score of 36 or higher, entered a
6-month treatment with antidepressant medication,
cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on suicide prevention,
or their combination (Comb), at five academic sites.
Treatment assignment could be either random or chosen by
study participants. Intent-to-treat, mixed effects
regression models of depression and other relevant ratings
were estimated. Improvement and remission rates were
computed with the last observation carried forward. RESULTS:
Most patients (n = 104 or 84%) chose treatment assignment,
and overall, three fourths (n = 93) received Comb. In Comb,
CDRS-R declined from a baseline adjusted mean of 49.6 (SD
12.3) to 38.3 (8.0) at week 12 and to 27.0 (10.1) at week 24
(p < .0001), with a Clinical Global Impression -defined
improvement rate of 58.0% at week 12 and 72.2% at week 24
and a remission (CDRS-R ≤ 28) rate of 32.5% at week 12
and 50.0% at week 24. The CDRS-R and the Scale for Suicidal
Ideation scores were correlated at baseline (r = 0.43, p <
.0001) and declined in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: When
vigorously treated with a combination of medication and
psychotherapy, adolescents with depression who have recently
attempted suicide show rates of improvement and remission of
depression that seem comparable to those observed in
nonsuicidal adolescents with depression.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b5db66},
Key = {fds275153}
}
@article{fds275161,
Author = {JS March and B Vitiello},
Title = {Clinical messages from the Treatment for Adolescents With
Depression Study (TADS).},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {166},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1118-1123},
Year = {2009},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {1535-7228},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723786},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adolescent Behavior • Cognitive
Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy • Depressive
Disorder, Major • Double-Blind Method • Female
• Fluoxetine • Great Britain • Harm Reduction
• Humans • Male • Multicenter Studies as
Topic • Placebos • Randomized Controlled Trials as
Topic • Research Design • Serotonin Uptake
Inhibitors • Suicide • Treatment Outcome •
adverse effects • drug effects • drug therapy
• methods • prevention & control • psychology
• statistics & numerical data* • therapeutic use*
• therapy},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report was to summarize the
key clinical messages from the Treatment for Adolescents
with Depression Study (TADS). METHODS: TADS is a National
Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded randomized
controlled trial designed to evaluate the relative
effectiveness of fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy
(CBT), and the combination of fluoxetine plus CBT across
acute treatment, maintenance treatment, and naturalistic
follow-up periods among adolescents with major depressive
disorder. RESULTS: Findings revealed that 6 to 9 months of
combined fluoxetine plus CBT should be the modal treatment
from a public health perspective as well as to maximize
benefits and minimize harms for individual patients.
CONCLUSION: The combination of fluoxetine and CBT appears to
be superior to both CBT monotherapy and fluoxetine
monotherapy as a treatment for moderate to severe major
depressive disorder in adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08101606},
Key = {fds275161}
}
@article{fds275123,
Author = {ME Domino and EM Foster and B Vitiello and CJ Kratochvil and BJ Burns and SG Silva and MA Reinecke and JS March},
Title = {Relative cost-effectiveness of treatments for adolescent
depression: 36-week results from the TADS randomized
trial.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {7},
Pages = {711-720},
Year = {2009},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {1527-5418},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465880},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
• Child • Cognitive Therapy • Combined
Modality Therapy • Cost-Benefit Analysis •
Depressive Disorder, Major • Double-Blind Method •
Drug Costs • Female • Fluoxetine • Follow-Up
Studies • Hospitalization • Humans • Male
• Personality Assessment • Psychometrics •
economics • economics* • statistics & numerical
data • therapeutic use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The cost-effectiveness of three active
interventions for major depression in adolescents was
compared after 36 weeks of treatment in the Treatment of
Adolescents with Depression Study. METHOD: Outpatients aged
12 to 18 years with a primary diagnosis of major depression
participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted at
13 U.S. academic and community clinics from 2000 to 2004.
Three hundred twenty-seven participants randomized to 1 of 3
active treatment arms, fluoxetine alone (n = 109),
cognitive-behavioral therapy (n = 111) alone, or their
combination (n = 107), were evaluated for a 3-month acute
treatment and a 6-month continuation/maintenance treatment
period. Costs of services received for the 36 weeks were
estimated and examined in relation to the number of
depression-free days and quality-adjusted life-years.
Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were also generated.
Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess treatment
differences on the quality-adjusted life-years and
cost-effectiveness measures. RESULTS: Cognitive-behavioral
therapy was the most costly treatment component (mean $1,787
[in monotherapy] and $1,833 [in combination therapy], median
$1,923 [for both]). Reflecting higher direct and indirect
costs associated with psychiatric hospital use, the costs of
services received outside Treatment of Adolescents with
Depression Study in fluoxetine-treated patients (mean
$5,382, median $2,341) were significantly higher than those
in participants treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy
(mean $3,102, median $1,373) or combination (mean $2,705,
median $927). Accordingly, cost-effectiveness acceptability
curves indicate that combination treatment is highly likely
(>90%) to be more cost-effective than fluoxetine alone at 36
weeks. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is not likely to be more
cost-effective than fluoxetine. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
support the use of combination treatment in adolescents with
depression over monotherapy.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181a2b319},
Key = {fds275123}
}
@article{fds275111,
Author = {CC Lewis and AD Simons and SG Silva and P Rohde and DM Small and JL
Murakami, RR High and JS March},
Title = {The role of readiness to change in response to treatment of
adolescent depression.},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {77},
Number = {3},
Pages = {422-428},
Year = {2009},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1939-2117},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19485584},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
• Child • Cognitive Therapy* • Combined
Modality Therapy • Depressive Disorder •
Depressive Disorder, Major • Dysthymic Disorder •
Female • Fluoxetine • Follow-Up Studies •
Humans • Male • Motivation* • Personality
Inventory • Psychometrics • diagnosis •
psychology • statistics & numerical data •
therapeutic use* • therapy • therapy*},
Abstract = {The effect of readiness to change on treatment outcome was
examined among 332 adolescents (46% male, 74% Caucasian),
ages 12 through 17 years (M = 14.6, SD = 1.5), with major
depressive disorder who were participating in the Treatment
for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS). TADS is a
randomized clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of
fluoxetine (an antidepressant medication),
cognitive-behavioral therapy, their combination, and a pill
placebo. An abbreviated Stages of Change Questionnaire was
used to obtain 4 readiness to change scores:
precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance.
The association between each readiness score and depression
severity across 12 weeks of acute treatment for depression,
as measured by the Children's Depression Rating
Scale--Revised, was examined. Although treatment response
was not moderated by any of the readiness scores, baseline
action scores predicted outcome: Higher action scores were
associated with better outcome regardless of treatment
modality. Furthermore, treatment effects were mediated by
change in action scores during the first 6 weeks of
treatment, with increases in action scores related to
greater improvement in depression. Assessing readiness to
change may have implications for tailoring treatments for
depressed adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/a0014154},
Key = {fds275111}
}
@article{fds275098,
Author = {B Vitiello and SG Silva and P Rohde and CJ Kratochvil and BD Kennard and MA
Reinecke, TL Mayes and K Posner and DE May and JS
March},
Title = {Suicidal events in the Treatment for Adolescents With
Depression Study (TADS).},
Journal = {J Clin Psychiatry},
Volume = {70},
Number = {5},
Pages = {741-747},
Year = {2009},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1555-2101},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552869},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognitive Therapy •
Depressive Disorder, Major • Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders • Female • Fluoxetine
• Humans • Irritable Mood • Male •
Psychomotor Agitation • Questionnaires • Serotonin
Uptake Inhibitors • Sleep Disorders • Suicide
• diagnosis • epidemiology • epidemiology*
• methods • psychology • psychology* •
statistics & numerical data* • therapeutic use* •
therapy},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression
Study (TADS) database was analyzed to determine whether
suicidal events (attempts and ideation) occurred early in
treatment, could be predicted by severity of depression or
other clinical characteristics, and were preceded by
clinical deterioration or symptoms of increased
irritability, akathisia, sleep disruption, or mania. METHOD:
TADS was a 36-week randomized, controlled clinical trial of
pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments involving 439
youths with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria).
Suicidal events were defined according to the Columbia
Classification Algorithm of Suicidal Assessment. Patients
were randomly assigned into the study between spring 2000
and summer 2003. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (10.0%) had at
least 1 suicidal event (no suicide occurred). Events
occurred 0.4 to 31.1 weeks (mean +/- SD = 11.9 +/- 8.2)
after starting TADS treatment, with no difference in event
timing for patients receiving medication versus those not
receiving medication. Severity of self-rated pretreatment
suicidal ideation (Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire adapted
for adolescents score > or = 31) and depressive symptoms
(Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale score > or = 91)
predicted occurrence of suicidal events during treatment (P
< .05). Patients with suicidal events were on average still
moderately ill prior to the event (mean +/- SD Clinical
Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale score = 4.0 +/-
1.3) and only minimally improved (mean +/- SD Clinical
Global Impressions-Improvement scale score = 3.2 +/- 1.1).
Events were not preceded by increased irritability,
akathisia, sleep disturbance, or manic signs. Specific
interpersonal stressors were identified in 73% of cases (N =
44). Of the events, 55% (N = 24) resulted in overnight
hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Most suicidal events occurred
in the context of persistent depression and insufficient
improvement without evidence of medication-induced
behavioral activation as a precursor. Severity of self-rated
suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms predicted
emergence of suicidality during treatment. Risk for suicidal
events did not decrease after the first month of treatment,
suggesting the need for careful clinical monitoring for
several months after starting treatment.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275098}
}
@article{fds275115,
Author = {BD Kennard and SG Silva and TL Mayes and P Rohde and JL Hughes and B
Vitiello, CJ Kratochvil and JF Curry and GJ Emslie and MA Reinecke and JS March and TADS},
Title = {Assessment of safety and long-term outcomes of initial
treatment with placebo in TADS.},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {166},
Number = {3},
Pages = {337-344},
Year = {2009},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {1535-7228},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147693},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognitive Therapy •
Combined Modality Therapy • Depressive Disorder, Major
• Drug Toxicity* • Female • Fluoxetine •
Humans • Male • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors •
Time Factors • Treatment Outcome • drug therapy
• methods* • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors examined whether initial assignment
to receive placebo for 12 weeks followed by open active
treatment as clinically indicated was associated with
different levels of benefit and risk of harm across 36 weeks
as compared with initial assignment to receive active
treatments. METHOD: Adolescents with major depressive
disorder (N=439) were randomly assigned to receive an
initial 12 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), combination treatment
with fluoxetine and CBT, or clinical management with
placebo; those assigned to placebo received open active
treatment as clinically indicated after 12 weeks of placebo.
Assessments were conducted every 6 weeks for 36 weeks. The
primary outcome measures were response and remission based
on scores on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised
and the Clinical Global Impression improvement subscale.
RESULTS: At week 36, the response rate was 82% in the
placebo/open group and 83% in the active treatment groups.
The remission rate was 48% in the placebo/open group and 59%
in the active treatment groups, a difference that approached
statistical significance. Patients who responded to placebo
generally retained their response. Those who did not respond
to placebo subsequently responded to active treatment at the
same rate as those initially assigned to active treatments.
There were no differences between groups in rates of
suicidal events, study retention, or symptom worsening.
CONCLUSIONS: Remission rates at 9 months were lower in
patients treated initially with placebo, but 3 months of
placebo treatment was not associated with any harm or
diminished response to subsequent treatment.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08040487},
Key = {fds275115}
}
@article{fds275118,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {The future of psychotherapy for mentally ill children and
adolescents.},
Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
Volume = {50},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {170-179},
Year = {2009},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1469-7610},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19220600},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Cognitive Therapy •
Forecasting • Humans • Mental Disorders •
Patient-Centered Care • Psychology • Psychotherapy
• methods • methods* • standards •
therapy* • trends • trends*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Given striking advances in translational
developmental neuroscience and its convergence with
developmental psychopathology and developmental
epidemiology, it is now clear that mental illnesses are best
thought of as neurodevelopmental disorders. This simple fact
has enormous implications for the nature and organization of
psychotherapy for mentally ill children, adolescents and
adults. METHOD: This article reviews the 'trajectory' of
psychosocial interventions in pediatric psychiatry, and
makes some general predictions about where this field is
heading over the next several decades. RESULTS: Driven
largely by scientific advances in molecular, cellular and
systems neuroscience, psychotherapy in the future will focus
less on personal narratives and more on the developing
brain. In place of disorders as intervention targets,
modularized psychosocial treatment components derived from
current cognitive-behavior therapies will target
corresponding central nervous system (CNS) information
processes and their functional behavioral consequences.
Either preventive or rehabilitative, the goal of
psychotherapy will be to promote development along typical
developmental trajectories. In place of guilds,
psychotherapy will be organized professionally much as
physical therapy is organized today. As with other forms of
increasingly personalized health care, internet-based
delivery of psychotherapy will become commonplace.
CONCLUSION: Informed by the new field of translational
developmental neuroscience, psychotherapy in the future will
take aim at the developing brain in a service delivery model
that closely resembles the place and role of psychosocial
interventions in the rest of medicine. Getting there will
be, as they say, interesting.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02034.x},
Key = {fds275118}
}
@article{fds275034,
Author = {EG Becker-Weidman and MA Reinecke and RH Jacobs and Z Martinovich and SG
Silva and JS March},
Title = {Predictors of hopelessness among clinically depressed
youth},
Journal = {Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {267-291},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1352-4658},
Abstract = {Background: Factors that distinguish depressed individuals
who become hopeless from those who do not are poorly
understood. Method: In this study, predictors of
hopelessness were examined in a sample of 439 clinically
depressed adolescents participating in the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). The total score of
the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) was used to assess
hopelessness at baseline. Multiple regression and logistic
regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the extent to
which variables were associated with hopelessness and
determine which cluster of measures best predicted
clinically significantly hopelessness. Results: Hopelessness
was associated with greater depression severity, poor social
problem-solving, cognitive distortions, and family conflict.
View of self, view of the world, internal attributional
style, need for social approval, positive problem-solving
orientation, and family problems consistently emerged as the
best predictors of hopelessness in depressed youth.
Conclusions: Cognitive and familial factors predict those
depressed youth who have high levels of hopelessness. ©
2009 British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive
Psychotherapies.},
Doi = {10.1017/S1352465809005207},
Key = {fds275034}
}
@article{fds275054,
Author = {BD Kennard and SG Silva and S Tonev and P Rohde and JL Hughes and B
Vitiello, CJ Kratochvil and JF Curry and GJ Emslie and M Reinecke and J March},
Title = {Remission and recovery in the treatment for adolescents with
depression study (TADS): Acute and long-term
outcomes},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {48},
Number = {2},
Pages = {186-195},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: We examine remission rate probabilities, recovery
rates, and residual symptoms across 36 weeks in the
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).
Method: The TADS, a multisite clinical trial, randomized 439
adolescents with major depressive disorder to 12 weeks of
treatment with fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy,
their combination, or pill placebo. The pill placebo group,
treated openly after week 12, was not included in the
subsequent analyses. Treatment differences in remission
rates and probabilities of remission over time are compared.
Recovery rates in remitters at weeks 12 (acute phase
remitters) and 18 (continuation phase remitters) are
summarized. We also examined whether residual symptoms at
the end of 12 weeks of acute treatment predicted later
remission. Results: At week 36, the estimated remission
rates for intention-to-treat cases were as follows:
combination, 60%; fluoxetine, 55%; cognitive-behavioral
therapy, 64%; and overall, 60%. Paired comparisons reveal
that, at week 24, all active treatments converge on
remission outcomes. The recovery rate at week 36 was 65% for
acute phase remitters and 71% for continuation phase
remitters, with no significant between-treatment differences
in recovery rates. Residual symptoms at the end of acute
treatment predicted failure to achieve remission at weeks 18
and 36. Conclusions: Most depressed adolescents in all three
treatment modalities achieved remission at the end of 9
months of treatment. ©2009 by the American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819176f9},
Key = {fds275054}
}
@article{fds275119,
Author = {M Shapiro and SG Silva and S Compton and A Chrisman and J
DeVeaugh-Geiss, A Breland-Noble and D Kondo and J Kirchner and JS
March},
Title = {The child and adolescent psychiatry trials network (CAPTN):
infrastructure development and lessons learned.},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {12},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1753-2000},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19320979},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: In 2003, the National Institute of Mental Health
funded the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials Network
(CAPTN) under the Advanced Center for Services and
Intervention Research (ACSIR) mechanism. At the time, CAPTN
was believed to be both a highly innovative undertaking and
a highly speculative one. One reviewer even suggested that
CAPTN was "unlikely to succeed, but would be a valuable
learning experience for the field." OBJECTIVE: To describe
valuable lessons learned in building a clinical research
network in pediatric psychiatry, including innovations
intended to decrease barriers to research participation.
METHODS: The CAPTN Team has completed construction of the
CAPTN network infrastructure, conducted a large,
multi-center psychometric study of a novel adverse event
reporting tool, and initiated a large antidepressant safety
registry and linked pharmacogenomic study focused on severe
adverse events. Specific challenges overcome included
establishing structures for network organization and
governance; recruiting over 150 active CAPTN participants
and 15 child psychiatry training programs; developing and
implementing procedures for site contracts, regulatory
compliance, indemnification and malpractice coverage, human
subjects protection training and IRB approval; and
constructing an innovative electronic casa report form
(eCRF) running on a web-based electronic data capture
system; and, finally, establishing procedures for audit
trail oversight requirements put forward by, among others,
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). CONCLUSION: Given
stable funding for network construction and maintenance, our
experience demonstrates that judicious use of web-based
technologies for profiling investigators, investigator
training, and capturing clinical trials data, when coupled
to innovative approaches to network governance, data
management and site management, can reduce the costs and
burden and improve the feasibility of incorporating clinical
research into routine clinical practice. Having successfully
achieved its initial aim of constructing a network
infrastructure, CAPTN is now a capable platform for large
safety registries, pharmacogenetic studies, and randomized
practical clinical trials in pediatric psychiatry.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-3-12},
Key = {fds275119}
}
@article{fds275120,
Author = {JB Freeman and ML Choate-Summers and AM Garcia and PS Moore and JJ
Sapyta, MS Khanna and JS March and EB Foa and ME
Franklin},
Title = {The Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Study
II: rationale, design and methods.},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
Volume = {3},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1753-2000},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19183470},
Abstract = {UNLABELLED: This paper presents the rationale, design, and
methods of the Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Treatment Study II (POTS II), which investigates two
different cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) augmentation
approaches in children and adolescents who have experienced
a partial response to pharmacotherapy with a serotonin
reuptake inhibitor for OCD. The two CBT approaches test a
"single doctor" versus "dual doctor" model of service
delivery. A specific goal was to develop and test an easily
disseminated protocol whereby child psychiatrists would
provide instructions in core CBT procedures recommended for
pediatric OCD (e.g., hierarchy development, in vivo exposure
homework) during routine medical management of OCD (I-CBT).
The conventional "dual doctor" CBT protocol consists of 14
visits over 12 weeks involving: (1) psychoeducation, (2),
cognitive training, (3) mapping OCD, and (4) exposure with
response prevention (EX/RP). I-CBT is a 7-session version of
CBT that does not include imaginal exposure or
therapist-assisted EX/RP. In this study, we compared 12
weeks of medication management (MM) provided by a study
psychiatrist (MM only) with two types of CBT augmentation:
(1) the dual doctor model (MM+CBT); and (2) the single
doctor model (MM+I-CBT). The design balanced elements of an
efficacy study (e.g., random assignment, independent
ratings) with effectiveness research aims (e.g., differences
in specific SRI medications, dosages, treatment providers).
The study is wrapping up recruitment of 140 youth ages 7-17
with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Independent evaluators
(IEs) rated participants at weeks 0,4,8, and 12 during acute
treatment and at 3,6, and 12 month follow-up visits. TRIAL
REGISTRATION: NCT00074815.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-3-4},
Key = {fds275120}
}
@article{fds275151,
Author = {AB Lewin and J Piacentini and CA Flessner and DW Woods and ME Franklin and NJ Keuthen and P Moore and M Khanna and JS March and DJ Stein and TLC-SAB},
Title = {Depression, anxiety, and functional impairment in children
with trichotillomania.},
Journal = {Depress Anxiety},
Volume = {26},
Number = {6},
Pages = {521-527},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {1520-6394},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016486},
Keywords = {Achievement • Adolescent • Anxiety Disorders
• Child • Comorbidity • Cross-Sectional
Studies • Defense Mechanisms • Depressive Disorder
• Female • Friends • Health Surveys •
Humans • Internal-External Control* • Internet
• Male • Personality Inventory • Self Concept
• Social Adjustment* • Trichotillomania •
diagnosis • epidemiology* • psychology},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trichotillomania (TTM) remains understudied in
children. Adult research suggests that TTM is accompanied by
significant depression, anxiety, and functional impairment.
The purpose of this study is to examine the occurrence of
depression and anxiety in a relatively large sample of youth
with TTM and the extent to which these symptoms mediate the
relationship between TTM severity and associated impairment.
METHODS: The study utilized data from the Child and
Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA-TIP), an
internet-based sample of 133 youth aged 10-17 (inclusive)
with TTM. RESULTS: Over 45% of children with TTM endorsed
depressive symptoms and 40% endorsed anxiety symptoms in
excess of one standard deviation (SD) above published
community norms. More remarkably, 25% of our sample reported
depressive and 20% reported anxiety symptoms in excess of 2
SD above these norms. Older participants reported more
symptoms of depression and anxiety than younger ones; age of
onset (children with later onset), but not duration of
illness, was predictive of higher reports of both depressive
and anxiety symptoms. Neither depressive nor anxiety
symptoms were related to pulling site. Depressive symptoms
partially mediated the relationship between TTM severity and
functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on an internet
sample recruited from the homepage of the Trichotillomania
Learning Center, data from this study suggests that symptoms
of depression and anxiety may be pervasive among youth with
TTM and likely impact functional impairment. Longitudinal
studies using directly assessed samples are needed to
replicate and extend these findings.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1002/da.20537},
Key = {fds275151}
}
@article{fds275100,
Author = {JT Walkup and AM Albano and J Piacentini and B Birmaher and SN Compton and JT Sherrill and GS Ginsburg and MA Rynn and J McCracken and B Waslick and S
Iyengar, JS March and PC Kendall},
Title = {Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination
in childhood anxiety.},
Journal = {N Engl J Med},
Volume = {359},
Number = {26},
Pages = {2753-2766},
Year = {2008},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {1533-4406},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974308},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Anxiety Disorders • Child •
Cognitive Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy •
Female • Humans • Male • Serotonin Uptake
Inhibitors • Sertraline • Treatment Outcome •
therapeutic use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric
conditions affecting children and adolescents. Although
cognitive behavioral therapy and selective
serotonin-reuptake inhibitors have shown efficacy in
treating these disorders, little is known about their
relative or combined efficacy. METHODS: In this randomized,
controlled trial, we assigned 488 children between the ages
of 7 and 17 years who had a primary diagnosis of separation
anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or social
phobia to receive 14 sessions of cognitive behavioral
therapy, sertraline (at a dose of up to 200 mg per day), a
combination of sertraline and cognitive behavioral therapy,
or a placebo drug for 12 weeks in a 2:2:2:1 ratio. We
administered categorical and dimensional ratings of anxiety
severity and impairment at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and
12. RESULTS: The percentages of children who were rated as
very much or much improved on the Clinician Global
Impression-Improvement scale were 80.7% for combination
therapy (P<0.001), 59.7% for cognitive behavioral therapy
(P<0.001), and 54.9% for sertraline (P<0.001); all therapies
were superior to placebo (23.7%). Combination therapy was
superior to both monotherapies (P<0.001). Results on the
Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale documented a similar
magnitude and pattern of response; combination therapy had a
greater response than cognitive behavioral therapy, which
was equivalent to sertraline, and all therapies were
superior to placebo. Adverse events, including suicidal and
homicidal ideation, were no more frequent in the sertraline
group than in the placebo group. No child attempted suicide.
There was less insomnia, fatigue, sedation, and restlessness
associated with cognitive behavioral therapy than with
sertraline. CONCLUSIONS: Both cognitive behavioral therapy
and sertraline reduced the severity of anxiety in children
with anxiety disorders; a combination of the two therapies
had a superior response rate. (ClinicalTrials.gov number,
NCT00052078.)},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa0804633},
Key = {fds275100}
}
@article{fds275141,
Author = {RH Jacobs and JB Klein and MA Reinecke and SG Silva and S Tonev and A
Breland-Noble, Z Martinovich and CJ Kratochvil and AJ Rezac and J
Jones and JS March},
Title = {Ethnic Differences in Attributions and Treatment
Expectancies for Adolescent Depression.},
Journal = {Int J Cogn Ther},
Volume = {1},
Number = {2},
Pages = {163-178},
Year = {2008},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1937-1209},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169367},
Abstract = {Studies suggest that ethnicity and socioeconomic factors may
relate to differences in treatment expectancies and the
attributions made for emotional or behavioral problems. We
examined ethnic differences in (1) parents' attributions
about the causes of adolescent behavioral and emotional
problems and (2) treatment expectancies among 236 adolescent
participants who enrolled in a 36-week randomized controlled
trial for depression. Controlling for education and income,
European American parents were more likely to endorse
beliefs reflecting physical causes of depression than
African American parents. There were no ethnic differences
for beliefs reflecting external, familial, or community
factors. Ethnic differences were observed in the treatment
expectancies reported by parents, but not adolescents, with
African American parents more likely than European Americans
and Other minorities to endorse positive expectations for
CBT. These findings may have implications for understanding
discrepancies in mental health service use.},
Language = {ENG},
Doi = {10.1680/ijct.2008.1.2.163},
Key = {fds275141}
}
@article{fds275116,
Author = {ME Domino and BJ Burns and SG Silva and CJ Kratochvil and B Vitiello and MA
Reinecke, J Mario and JS March},
Title = {Cost-effectiveness of treatments for adolescent depression:
results from TADS.},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {165},
Number = {5},
Pages = {588-596},
Year = {2008},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1535-7228},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413703},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Combined Modality Therapy
• Cost-Benefit Analysis • Depressive Disorder,
Major • Drug Therapy • Female • Fluoxetine
• Humans • Male • Primary Health Care •
Psychotherapy • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors •
Treatment Outcome • drug therapy • economics
• economics* • methods • methods* •
therapeutic use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: While the evidence base for treatments for
adolescent depression is building, little is known about the
relative efficiency of such treatments. Treatment costs are
a relevant concern given the competing demands on family and
health care budgets. The authors evaluated the
cost-effectiveness of three active treatments among
adolescents with major depressive disorder. METHOD:
Volunteers (N=439) ages 12 to 18 with a primary diagnosis of
major depressive disorder participated in a randomized,
controlled trial conducted at 13 U.S. academic and community
clinics from 2000 to 2004. Subjects included those
participants who did not drop out and had evaluable outcome
and cost data at 12 weeks (N=369). Subjects were randomly
assigned to 12 weeks of either fluoxetine alone (10-40
mg/day), CBT alone, CBT combined with fluoxetine (10-40
mg/day), or placebo (equivalent to 10-40 mg/day). Both
placebo and fluoxetine were administered double-blind; CBT
alone and CBT in combination with fluoxetine were
administered unblinded. Societal cost per unit of
improvement on the Children's Depression Rating
Scale-Revised and cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY)
were compared. RESULTS: Results ranged from an incremental
cost over placebo of $24,000 per QALY for treatment with
fluoxetine to $123,000 per QALY for combination therapy
treatment. The cost-effectiveness ratio for CBT treatment
was not evaluable due to negative clinical effects. The
models were robust on a variety of assumptions. CONCLUSIONS:
Both fluoxetine and combination therapy are at least as
cost-effective in the short-term as other treatments
commonly used in primary care (using a threshold of
$125,000/QALY). Fluoxetine is more cost-effective than
combination therapy after 12 weeks of treatment.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07101610},
Key = {fds275116}
}
@article{fds275101,
Author = {JH Krystal and CS Carter and D Geschwind and HK Manji and JS March and EJ
Nestler, JK Zubieta and DS Charney and D Goldman and RE Gur and JA
Lieberman, P Roy-Byrne and DR Rubinow and SA Anderson and S Barondes and KF Berman and J Blair and DL Braff and ES Brown, JR Calabrese and WA
Carlezon, EH Cook and RJ Davidson and M Davis and R Desimone and WC
Drevets, RS Duman and SM Essock and SV Faraone and R Freedman and KJ
Friston, J Gelernter and B Geller and M Gill and E Gould and AA Grace and C
Grillon, R Gueorguieva and AR Hariri and RB Innis and EG Jones and JE
Kleinman, GF Koob and AD Krystal and E Leibenluft and DF Levinson and PR
Levitt, DA Lewis and I Liberzon and BK Lipska, SR Marder and A
Markou, GF Mason and CJ McDougle and BS McEwen and FJ McMahon and MJ
Meaney, HY Meltzer and KR Merikangas and A Meyer-Lindenberg and K
Mirnics, LM Monteggia and A Neumeister and CP O'Brien and MJ Owen and DS
Pine, JL Rapoport and SL Rauch and TW Robbins and JF Rosenbaum and DR
Rosenberg, CA Ross and AJ Rush and HA Sackeim and G Sanacora and AF
Schatzberg, Y Shaham and LJ Siever and T Sunderland and LH Tecott and ME
Thase, RD Todd and MM Weissman and R Yehuda and T Yoshikawa and EA Young and R McCandless},
Title = {It is time to take a stand for medical research and against
terrorism targeting medical scientists.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {63},
Number = {8},
Pages = {725-727},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1873-2402},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18371494},
Keywords = {Animal Experimentation* • Animal Rights • Animals
• Attitude of Health Personnel* • Biomedical
Research* • Crime • Ethics, Research • Humans
• Primates • Research Personnel* • Terrorism
• United States • prevention & control •
prevention & control*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.005},
Key = {fds275101}
}
@article{fds275102,
Author = {P Rohde and SG Silva and ST Tonev and BD Kennard and B Vitiello and CJ
Kratochvil, MA Reinecke and JF Curry and AD Simons and JS
March},
Title = {Achievement and maintenance of sustained response during the
Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study continuation
and maintenance therapy.},
Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
Volume = {65},
Number = {4},
Pages = {447-455},
Year = {2008},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1538-3636},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391133},
Keywords = {Achievement* • Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents,
Second-Generation • Child • Cognitive Therapy*
• Combined Modality Therapy • Depressive Disorder,
Major • Female • Fluoxetine • Humans •
Male • Patient Compliance • Prevalence •
Single-Blind Method • Treatment Outcome •
epidemiology • psychology • therapeutic use*
• therapy*},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study
evaluated fluoxetine (FLX), cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT), and FLX/CBT combination (COMB) vs pill placebo in 439
adolescents with major depressive disorder. Treatment
consisted of 3 stages: (1) acute (12 weeks), (2)
continuation (6 weeks), and (3) maintenance (18 weeks).
OBJECTIVE: To examine rates of achieving and maintaining
sustained response during continuation and maintenance
treatments. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. Response
was determined by blinded independent evaluators. SETTING:
Thirteen US sites. PATIENTS: Two hundred forty-two FLX, CBT,
and COMB patients in their assigned treatment at the end of
stage 1. INTERVENTIONS: Stage 2 treatment varied based on
stage 1 response. Stage 3 consisted of 3 CBT and/or
pharmacotherapy sessions and, if applicable, continued
medication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sustained response was
defined as 2 consecutive Clinical Global
Impression-Improvement ratings of 1 or 2 ("full response").
Patients achieving sustained response were classified on
subsequent nonresponse status. RESULTS: Among 95 patients
(39.3%) who had not achieved sustained response by week 12
(29.1% COMB, 32.5% FLX, and 57.9% CBT), sustained response
rates during stages 2 and 3 were 80.0% COMB, 61.5% FLX, and
77.3% CBT (difference not significant). Among the remaining
147 patients (60.7%) who achieved sustained response by week
12, CBT patients were more likely than FLX patients to
maintain sustained response through week 36 (96.9% vs 74.1%;
P = .007; 88.5% of COMB patients maintained sustained
response through week 36). Total rates of sustained response
by week 36 were 88.4% COMB, 82.5% FLX, and 75.0% CBT.
CONCLUSIONS: Most adolescents with depression who had not
achieved sustained response during acute treatment did
achieve that level of improvement during continuation and
maintenance therapies. The possibility that CBT may help the
subset of adolescents with depression who achieve early
sustained response maintain their response warrants further
investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov
Identifier: NCT00006286.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.447},
Key = {fds275102}
}
@article{fds275031,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {In reply},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {65},
Number = {6},
Pages = {723-724},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
Key = {fds275031}
}
@article{fds275032,
Author = {DM Small and AD Simons and P Yovanoff and SG Silva and CC Lewis and JL
Murakami and J March},
Title = {Depressed adolescents and comorbid psychiatric disorders:
Are there differences in the presentation of
depression?},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {36},
Number = {7},
Pages = {1015-1028},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
Abstract = {Patterns and correlates of comorbidity, as well as
differences in manifest depressive profiles were
investigated in a sample of depressed adolescents. A
sub-sample of the youth were characterized as belonging to
either a Pure depression group, an Internalizing group
(depression and co-occurring internalizing disorders), or an
Externalizing group (depression and co-occurring
externalizing disorders). Item response theory (IRT) and
differential item functioning (DIF) were used to assess
whether the depressed adolescents from the different
comorbidity groups presented with different depressive
symptoms. Results indicated that the comorbidity groups were
meaningfully distinct in terms of psychosocial correlates as
well as showed differences in depressive symptom profiles as
informed by DIF analyses. In particular, the comorbidity
groups differed in terms of presentation of psychomotor
changes and cognitive impairments. Implications for
assessment are discussed. © 2008 Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10802-008-9237-5},
Key = {fds275032}
}
@article{fds275033,
Author = {J March},
Title = {In Memory of Richard Todd},
Journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
Volume = {64},
Number = {10},
Pages = {e9},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.018},
Key = {fds275033}
}
@article{fds275059,
Author = {AK Roy and RA Vasa and M Bruck and K Mogg and BP Bradley and M Sweeney and RL
Bergman, EB McClure-Tone and DS Pine and JT Walkup and E
al},
Title = {Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety
disorders},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {47},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1189-1196},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To examine attention bias toward threat faces in
a large sample of anxiety-disordered youths using a
well-established visual probe task. Method: Study
participants included 101 children and adolescents (ages
7-18 years) with generalized anxiety disorder, social
phobia, and/or separation anxiety disorder enrolled in a
multisite anxiety treatment study. Nonanxious youths (n =
51; ages 9-18 years) were recruited separately. Participants
were administered a computerized visual probe task that
presents pairs of faces portraying threat (angry), positive
(happy), and neutral expressions. They pressed a response
key to indicate the spatial location of a probe that
replaced one of the faces on each trial. Attention bias
scores were calculated from response times to probes for
each emotional face type. Results: Compared to healthy
youths, anxious participants demonstrated a greater
attention bias toward threat faces. This threat bias in
anxious patients did not significantly vary across the
anxiety disorders. There was no group difference in
attention bias toward happy faces. Conclusions: These
results suggest that pediatric anxiety disorders are
associated with an attention bias toward threat. Future
research may examine the manner in which cognitive bias in
anxious youths changes with treatment. ©2008 by the
American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181825ace},
Key = {fds275059}
}
@article{fds275149,
Author = {PM Wehmeier and A Schacht and M Lehmann and RW Dittmann and SG Silva and JS March},
Title = {Emotional well-being in children and adolescents treated
with atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder: findings from a patient, parent and physician
perspective using items from the pediatric adverse event
rating scale (PAERS).},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {11},
Year = {2008},
ISSN = {1753-2000},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18507848},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this analysis was to measure
changes in items on the Pediatric Adverse Event Rating Scale
(PAERS) that relate to emotional well-being of children and
adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) during treatment with atomoxetine for up to 24 weeks
from the perspective of the patient, the parent, and the
physician. METHODS: Patients aged 6-17 years with ADHD were
treated with atomoxetine (target dose 1.2 mg/kg/day). In the
two studies on which this secondary analysis is based the
PAERS was used to assess the tolerability of atomoxetine in
children and adolescents. This scale has a total of 48
items. The ten items that reflect emotional well-being were
selected to measure changes over time from a patient,
parent, and physician perspective. RESULTS: 421 patients
were treated with atomoxetine. 355 patients completed the
8-week treatment period, and 260 patients completed the
24-week treatment period. The ten items that reflect
emotional well-being were grouped in five dimensions:
depressed mood, self-harm, irritability/agitation,
drowsiness, and euphoria. The scores of these dimensions
decreased over time, both from a patient as well as from a
parent and physician perspective. Only the dimension
self-harm was extremely low at baseline and stayed low over
time. The mean scores for the ten items depended on the
rater perspective. CONCLUSION: The emotional well-being of
children and adolescents with ADHD improved in terms of
depressed mood, irritability/agitation, drowsiness, and
euphoria during treatment with atomoxetine for up to 24
weeks.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1186/1753-2000-2-11},
Key = {fds275149}
}
@article{fds275138,
Author = {B Vitiello and CJ Kratochvil and S Silva and J Curry and M Reinecke and S
Pathak, B Waslick and CW Hughes and ED Prentice and DE May and JS
March},
Title = {Research knowledge among the participants in the Treatment
for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1642-1650},
Year = {2007},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18030086},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Cognitive Therapy • Depressive
Disorder, Major • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders • Female • Fluoxetine •
Humans • Male • Questionnaires • Serotonin
Uptake Inhibitors • diagnosis • drug therapy
• methods* • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the extent to which parents and
adolescents participating in the Treatment for Adolescents
With Depression Study (TADS) understood key aspects of the
study. METHOD: TADS was a clinical trial comparing the
effectiveness of fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy
(CBT), their combination, and placebo in 439 adolescents
(12-17 years old) with major depressive disorder. Six weeks
after starting treatment, adolescents and their parents were
asked to complete a questionnaire about critical elements of
the trial. RESULTS: Completion rate was 67.2% for
adolescents (N = 295) and 73.6% for parents (N = 323). More
than 90% of the completers knew of the main purpose of the
trial, possible assignment to placebo, and their right to
withdraw participation at any time. However, about one third
overall (and 49% in the CBT group) described TADS as
"education" rather than "research." Of 12 questions, the
mean number of correct answers was 10.3 (SD 1.7) among
adolescents and 11.2 (SD 1.2) among parents (p <.0001). The
most frequently stated reason for TADS participation was the
pursuit of high-quality care. CONCLUSIONS: Most parents and
adolescents were well-informed research participants.
Difficulties in appreciating the research nature of the
trial, however, emerged, especially among participants
assigned to psychotherapy. Parents were overall better
informed than adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e318153f8c7},
Key = {fds275138}
}
@article{fds275155,
Author = {JS March and AR Entusah and M Rynn and AM Albano and KA
Tourian},
Title = {A Randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER versus
placebo in pediatric social anxiety disorder.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {62},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1149-1154},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17553467},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
• Anxiety Disorders • Child • Confidence
Intervals • Cyclohexanols • Double-Blind Method
• Female • Humans • Male • Pediatrics*
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales • Regression
Analysis • Treatment Outcome • drug therapy*
• therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder, which occurs in 2% to
5% of children and adolescents, is associated with
significant distress and functional impairment. METHODS: The
objective of the randomized, masked controlled trial
conducted in 48 academic and community centers in the United
States was to evaluate the efficacy of venlafaxine ER in
children and adolescents with generalized social anxiety
disorder. A volunteer sample of 293 outpatients, age 8 to
17, who met diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder
and were enrolled between February 2000 and March 2003
participated. Venlafaxine ER or placebo was titrated from a
starting dose of 37.5 mg to a maximum dose of 225 mg over 16
weeks. The primary dependent measures were the Social
Anxiety Scale, child or adolescent version (SAS-CA) and for
responder analysis, a (dichotomized) Clinical Global
Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) score. RESULTS: Compared
with placebo, intent-to-treat random regression analyses
indicated a statistically significant advantage for
venlafaxine ER (p = .001) on the SAS-CA. On the CGI-I
responder analysis, 56% (95% confidence interval [CI],
47%-64%) of venlafaxine ER treated subjects responded, which
was statistically superior to placebo (37% [95% CI,
29%-45%]). Three venlafaxine ER and no placebo patients
developed treatment-emergent suicidality; there were no
completed suicides. CONCLUSIONS: Venlafaxine ER is an
effective and reasonably well-tolerated treatment for
generalized social anxiety disorder in children and
adolescents. As with other antidepressants, careful clinical
monitoring for adverse events, including treatment-emergent
suicidality, is essential.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.025},
Key = {fds275155}
}
@article{fds275172,
Author = {SH Kollins and JS March},
Title = {Advances in the pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {62},
Number = {9},
Pages = {951-953},
Year = {2007},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950067},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity • Central
Nervous System Stimulants • Humans • drug therapy*
• therapeutic use*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.08.009},
Key = {fds275172}
}
@article{fds275140,
Author = {KC Herman and R Ostrander and JT Walkup and SG Silva and JS
March},
Title = {Empirically derived subtypes of adolescent depression:
latent profile analysis of co-occurring symptoms in the
Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study
(TADS).},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {75},
Number = {5},
Pages = {716-728},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17907854},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
• Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity •
Cognitive Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy •
Comorbidity • Depressive Disorder, Major •
Fluoxetine • Follow-Up Studies • Humans •
Internal-External Control • Personality Assessment
• diagnosis • psychology • statistics &
numerical data* • therapeutic use* • therapy
• therapy*},
Abstract = {A latent profile analysis was conducted on the co-occurring
symptoms of 423 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive
disorder as part of the Treatment for Adolescents with
Depression Study (TADS), a multisite, randomized treatment
trial. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (1.5)
years; of the sample, 45.6% was male and 73.8% was white.
Scores on the primary subscales of Conners' Parent Rating
Scale--Revised were used as indicators in the analysis. Five
classes of symptoms best described the clinical presentation
of adolescents enrolled in the TADS. Of the adolescents in
the sample, 80% were assigned to classes with clinically
significant elevations on 1 or more subscales of the
Children's Depression Rating Scale--Revised. The 5 classes
met empirical criteria for distinctiveness and were
validated against clinical diagnoses, child-rated symptoms,
and clinician-rated functional impairment. The findings are
consistent with prior studies that showed a high rate of
co-occurring symptoms among depressed adolescents. The
discussion focuses on understanding subtypes and comorbidity
in adolescent depression as well as the implications for
treatment and for prevention.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.716},
Key = {fds275140}
}
@article{fds275170,
Author = {JS March and S Silva and S Petrycki and J Curry and K Wells and J Fairbank and B Burns and M Domino and S McNulty and B Vitiello and J
Severe},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS):
long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes.},
Journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
Volume = {64},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1132-1143},
Year = {2007},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17909125},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Clinical Protocols • Cognitive
Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy • Depressive
Disorder, Major • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders • Double-Blind Method • Female
• Fluoxetine • Humans • Male • Placebos
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales • Serotonin
Uptake Inhibitors • Severity of Illness Index •
Suicide • Time Factors • Treatment Outcome •
United States • adverse effects • diagnosis •
drug therapy • prevention & control • psychology
• statistics & numerical data • therapeutic use*
• therapy*},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study
evaluates the effectiveness of fluoxetine hydrochloride
therapy, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and their
combination in adolescents with major depressive disorder.
OBJECTIVE: To report effectiveness outcomes across 36 weeks
of randomized treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized,
controlled trial conducted in 13 academic and community
sites in the United States. Cognitive behavior and
combination therapies were not masked, whereas
administration of placebo and fluoxetine was double-blind
through 12 weeks, after which treatments were unblinded.
Patients assigned to placebo were treated openly after week
12, and the placebo group is not included in these analyses
by design. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred twenty-seven patients
aged 12 to 17 years with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of major
depressive disorder. INTERVENTIONS: All treatments were
administered per protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The
primary dependent measures rated blind to treatment status
by an independent evaluator were the Children's Depression
Rating Scale-Revised total score and the response rate,
defined as a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score
of much or very much improved. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat
analyses on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised
identified a significant time x treatment interaction (P <
.001). Rates of response were 73% for combination therapy,
62% for fluoxetine therapy, and 48% for CBT at week 12; 85%
for combination therapy, 69% for fluoxetine therapy, and 65%
for CBT at week 18; and 86% for combination therapy, 81% for
fluoxetine therapy, and 81% for CBT at week 36. Suicidal
ideation decreased with treatment, but less so with
fluoxetine therapy than with combination therapy or CBT.
Suicidal events were more common in patients receiving
fluoxetine therapy (14.7%) than combination therapy (8.4%)
or CBT (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents with moderate to
severe depression, treatment with fluoxetine alone or in
combination with CBT accelerates the response. Adding CBT to
medication enhances the safety of medication. Taking
benefits and harms into account, combined treatment appears
superior to either monotherapy as a treatment for major
depression in adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132},
Key = {fds275170}
}
@article{fds275126,
Author = {JS March and P Szatmari and O Bukstein and A Chrisman and D Kondo and JD
Hamilton, CM Kremer and CJ Kratochvil},
Title = {AACAP 2005 Research Forum: speeding the adoption of
evidence-based practice in pediatric psychiatry.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {9},
Pages = {1098-1110},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712233},
Keywords = {Child • Child Psychiatry • Education •
Evidence-Based Medicine* • Humans • Practice
Guidelines as Topic* • Research* • education
• methods* • organization & administration •
standards*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVES: At the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), the
Academy's Workgroup on Research conducted a Research Forum
entitled "Increasing Research Literacy Through the Adoption
of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Pediatric Psychiatry."
METHOD: Forum participants focused on speeding the adoption
of EBP across five areas: EBP as the preferred heuristic for
teaching research literacy, use of EBP in training programs,
dissemination of EBP in clinical practice, EBP in
partnership with industry, and EBP as a framework for
developing practice guidelines. RESULTS: EBP provides an
easy-to-understand method for accessing and evaluating the
research literature and then applying this information to
decisions about patient care. Although EBP has been gaining
greater visibility in pediatric psychiatry, it is far from
the preferred heuristic. To move the field toward fully
embracing EBP will require greater understanding of what EBP
is (and is not), educating mental health professionals in
EBP skills, access to EBP resources, and a commitment to
apply EBP to the conceptualization and design of research
protocols and practice guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric
psychiatry would benefit from a principled commitment to
follow other areas of medicine in adopting
EBP.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e318074eb48},
Key = {fds275126}
}
@article{fds275145,
Author = {SN Compton and CJ Kratochvil and JS March},
Title = {Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and
adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review.},
Journal = {Pediatr Ann},
Volume = {36},
Number = {9},
Pages = {586-598},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0090-4481},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17910206},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Anxiety Disorders • Child • Drug
Therapy* • Evidence-Based Medicine* • Humans
• United States • drug therapy*},
Abstract = {These studies generally support the use of the SSRIs
fluvoxamine, sertraline, and fluoxetine in the acute
treatment of pediatric non-OCD anxiety disorders. Two large
multicenter studies suggest a favorable outcome for
paroxetine in the treatment of pediatric social anxiety
disorder. Mixed results currently exist for the use of
extended-release venlafaxine in the treatment of pediatric
generalized anxiety disorder. In both of these latter
studies, concerns with safety were present.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275145}
}
@article{fds275158,
Author = {JN Epstein and D Rabiner and DE Johnson and DP Fitzgerald and A
Chrisman, A Erkanli and KK Sullivan and JS March and P Margolis and EC
Norton and CK Conners},
Title = {Improving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment
outcomes through use of a collaborative consultation
treatment service by community-based pediatricians: a
cluster randomized trial.},
Journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med},
Volume = {161},
Number = {9},
Pages = {835-840},
Year = {2007},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1072-4710},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17768282},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity • Child
• Child Health Services • Cooperative Behavior
• Female • Health Services Research • Humans
• Male • Outcome Assessment (Health Care)* •
Physician's Practice Patterns • Primary Health Care
• Referral and Consultation • drug therapy •
organization & administration • organization &
administration* • standards* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test whether adoption of a collaborative
consultative service model results in improved patient
outcomes. DESIGN: Twelve pediatric practices were randomly
assigned to receive access to collaborative consultative
services or to a control group. SETTING: Community-based
pediatric offices. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two pediatricians and
their 377 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Intervention A collaborative consultative
service promoting the use of titration trials and periodic
monitoring during medication maintenance. Main Outcome
Measure Physician practice behaviors and child ADHD
symptomatology. RESULTS: Using self-report of pediatricians,
the collaborative consultative service increased the use of
evidence-based practices by pediatricians, but no difference
in children's ADHD symptomatology was observed between the
groups. However, many pediatricians did not fully use the
collaborative consultative services. Those children who
actually received collaborative consultative services showed
significant behavioral improvement compared with children
not receiving these services. CONCLUSIONS: When actually
implemented by pediatricians, the collaborative consultative
service appears to be an effective method for facilitating
evidence-based treatment procedures for ADHD and use of
these procedures appear to improve children's outcomes.
Barriers to implementation of collaborative consultative
service in pediatric practice need to be further
understood.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1001/archpedi.161.9.835},
Key = {fds275158}
}
@article{fds275129,
Author = {BS Molina and K Flory and SP Hinshaw and AR Greiner and LE Arnold and JM
Swanson, L Hechtman and PS Jensen and B Vitiello and B Hoza and WE
Pelham, GR Elliott and KC Wells and HB Abikoff and RD Gibbons and S
Marcus, CK Conners and JN Epstein and LL Greenhill and JS March and JH
Newcorn, JB Severe and T Wigal},
Title = {Delinquent behavior and emerging substance use in the MTA at
36 months: prevalence, course, and treatment
effects.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1028-1040},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667481},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Behavior Therapy • Child •
Cognition Disorders • Combined Modality Therapy •
Disease Progression • Female • Follow-Up Studies
• Humans • Juvenile Delinquency • Male •
Prevalence • Questionnaires • Substance-Related
Disorders • Treatment Outcome • diagnosis •
drug therapy • epidemiology • epidemiology* •
methods* • statistics & numerical data* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare delinquent behavior and early
substance use between the children in the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA; N = 487) and
those in a local normative comparison group (n = 272) at 24
and 36 months postrandomization and to test whether these
outcomes were predicted by the randomly assigned treatments
and subsequent self-selected prescribed medications. METHOD:
Most MTA children were 11 to 13 years old by 36 months.
Delinquency seriousness was coded ordinally from multiple
measures/reporters; child-reported substance use was binary.
RESULTS: Relative to local normative comparison group, MTA
children had significantly higher rates of delinquency
(e.g., 27.1% vs. 7.4% at 36 months; p = .000) and substance
use (e.g., 17.4% vs. 7.8% at 36 months; p = .001). Children
randomized to intensive behavior therapy reported less
24-month substance use than other MTA children (p = .02).
Random effects ordinal growth models revealed no other
effects of initial treatment assignment on delinquency
seriousness or substance use. By 24 and 36 months, more days
of prescribed medication were associated with more serious
delinquency but not substance use. CONCLUSIONS:
Cause-and-effect relationships between medication treatment
and delinquency are unclear; the absence of associations
between medication treatment and substance use needs to be
re-evaluated at older ages. Findings underscore the need for
continuous monitoring of these outcomes as children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder enter
adolescence.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e3180686d96},
Key = {fds275129}
}
@article{fds275132,
Author = {PS Jensen and LE Arnold and JM Swanson and B Vitiello and HB Abikoff and LL
Greenhill, L Hechtman and SP Hinshaw and WE Pelham and KC Wells and CK
Conners, GR Elliott and JN Epstein and B Hoza and JS March and BS
Molina, JH Newcorn and JB Severe and T Wigal and RD Gibbons and K
Hur},
Title = {3-year follow-up of the NIMH MTA study.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {989-1002},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667478},
Keywords = {Algorithms • Attention Deficit Disorder with
Hyperactivity • Attention Deficit and Disruptive
Behavior Disorders • Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Child • Cognitive Therapy • Combined
Modality Therapy • Female • Follow-Up Studies
• Humans • Male • National Institute of
Mental Health (U.S.) • United States • diagnosis
• drug therapy • epidemiology • methods*
• psychology • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In the intent-to-treat analysis of the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA), the effects of
medication management (MedMgt), behavior therapy (Beh),
their combination (Comb), and usual community care (CC)
differed at 14 and 24 months due to superiority of
treatments that used the MTA medication algorithm
(Comb+MedMgt) over those that did not (Beh+CC). This report
examines 36-month outcomes, 2 years after treatment by the
study ended. METHOD: For primary outcome measures
(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and
oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] symptoms, social skills,
reading scores, impairment, and diagnostic status),
mixed-effects regression models and orthogonal contrasts
examined 36-month outcomes. RESULTS: At 3 years, 485 of the
original 579 subjects (83.8%) participated in the follow-up,
now at ages 10 to 13 years, (mean 11.9 years). In contrast
to the significant advantage of MedMgt+Comb over Beh+CC for
ADHD symptoms at 14 and 24 months, treatment groups did not
differ significantly on any measure at 36 months. The
percentage of children taking medication >50% of the time
changed between 14 and 36 months across the initial
treatment groups: Beh significantly increased (14% to 45%),
MedMed+Comb significantly decreased (91% to 71%), and CC
remained constant (60%-62%). Regardless of their treatment
use changes, all of the groups showed symptom improvement
over baseline. Notably, initial symptom severity, sex
(male), comorbidity, public assistance, and parental
psychopathology (ADHD) did not moderate children's 36-month
treatment responses, but these factors predicted worse
outcomes over 36 months, regardless of original treatment
assignment. CONCLUSIONS: By 36 months, the earlier advantage
of having had 14 months of the medication algorithm was no
longer apparent, possibly due to age-related decline in ADHD
symptoms, changes in medication management intensity,
starting or stopping medications altogether, or other
factors not yet evaluated.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3180686d48},
Key = {fds275132}
}
@article{fds275142,
Author = {P Szatmari and JS March},
Title = {Clinical practice guidelines.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {939-940},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667469},
Keywords = {Humans • Mental Disorders • Mental Health Services
• Practice Guidelines as Topic* • diagnosis •
standards • therapy*},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e318068fbdd},
Key = {fds275142}
}
@article{fds275164,
Author = {JM Swanson and SP Hinshaw and LE Arnold and RD Gibbons and S Marcus and K
Hur, PS Jensen and B Vitiello and HB Abikoff and LL Greenhill and L
Hechtman, WE Pelham and KC Wells and CK Conners and JS March and GR
Elliott, JN Epstein and K Hoagwood and B Hoza and BS Molina and JH
Newcorn, JB Severe and T Wigal},
Title = {Secondary evaluations of MTA 36-month outcomes: propensity
score and growth mixture model analyses.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1003-1014},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667479},
Keywords = {Algorithms • Attention Deficit Disorder with
Hyperactivity • Behavior Therapy • Central Nervous
System Stimulants • Child • Combined Modality
Therapy • Follow-Up Studies • Humans •
Psychology • Severity of Illness Index • Time
Factors • Treatment Outcome • diagnosis* •
drug therapy • methods* • therapeutic use* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate two hypotheses: that self-selection
bias contributed to lack of medication advantage at the
36-month assessment of the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children With ADHD (MTA) and that overall improvement over
time obscured treatment effects in subgroups with different
outcome trajectories. METHOD: Propensity score analyses,
using baseline characteristics and severity of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms at
follow-up, established five subgroups (quintiles) based on
tendency to take medication at the 36-month assessment.
Growth mixture model (GMM) analyses were performed to
identify subgroups (classes) with different patterns of
outcome over time. RESULTS: All five propensity subgroups
showed initial advantage of medication that disappeared by
the 36-month assessment. GMM analyses identified
heterogeneity of trajectories over time and three classes:
class 1 (34% of the MTA sample) with initial small
improvement followed by gradual improvement that produced
significant medication effects; class 2 (52%) with initial
large improvement maintained for 3 years and
overrepresentation of cases treated with the MTA Medication
Algorithm; and class 3 (14%) with initial large improvement
followed by deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: We failed to confirm
the self-selection hypothesis. We found suggestive evidence
of residual but not current benefits of assigned medication
in class 2 and small current benefits of actual treatment
with medication in class 1.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3180686d63},
Key = {fds275164}
}
@article{fds275174,
Author = {JM Swanson and GR Elliott and LL Greenhill and T Wigal and LE Arnold and B
Vitiello, L Hechtman and JN Epstein and WE Pelham and HB Abikoff and JH
Newcorn, BS Molina and SP Hinshaw and KC Wells and B Hoza and PS Jensen and RD Gibbons and K Hur and A Stehli and M Davies and JS March and CK Conners and M Caron and ND Volkow},
Title = {Effects of stimulant medication on growth rates across 3
years in the MTA follow-up.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1015-1027},
Year = {2007},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17667480},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity •
Behavior Therapy • Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Child • Combined Modality Therapy • Female
• Follow-Up Studies • Humans • Male •
Severity of Illness Index • Time Factors •
diagnosis • drug therapy • methods* •
therapeutic use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis of stimulant
medication effect on physical growth in the follow-up phase
of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD.
METHOD: Naturalistic subgroups were established based on
patterns of treatment with stimulant medication at baseline,
14-, 24-, and 36-month assessments: not medicated (n = 65),
newly medicated (n = 88), consistently medicated (n = 70),
and inconsistently medicated (n = 147). Analysis of variance
was used to evaluate effects of subgroup and assessment time
on measures of relative size (z scores) obtained from growth
norms. RESULTS: The subgroup x assessment time interaction
was significant for z height (p <.005) and z weight (p
<.0001), due primarily to divergence of the newly medicated
and the not medicated subgroups. These initially
stimulant-naïve subgroups had z scores significantly >0
at baseline. The newly medicated subgroup showed decreases
in relative size that reached asymptotes by the 36-month
assessment, when this group showed average growth of 2.0 cm
and 2.7 kg less than the not medicated subgroup, which
showed slight increases in relative size. CONCLUSIONS:
Stimulant-naïve school-age children with Combined type
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were, as a group,
larger than expected from norms before treatment but show
stimulant-related decreases in growth rates after initiation
of treatment, which appeared to reach asymptotes within 3
years without evidence of growth rebound.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e3180686d7e},
Key = {fds275174}
}
@article{fds275159,
Author = {DE May and MJ Hallin and CJ Kratochvil and SE Puumala and LS Smith and MA
Reinecke, SG Silva and EB Weller and B Vitiello and A Breland-Noble and JS March},
Title = {Factors associated with recruitment and screening in the
Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study
(TADS).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {7},
Pages = {801-810},
Year = {2007},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17581444},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Depressive Disorder •
Female • Humans • Interviews as Topic • Male
• Mass Screening* • Odds Ratio • Patient
Selection* • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Research Design • diagnosis* • methods
• psychology • therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with eligibility
and randomization and consider the efficiency of recruitment
methods. METHOD: Adolescents, ages 12 to 17 years, were
telephone screened (N = 2,804) followed by in-person
evaluation (N = 1,088) for the Treatment for Adolescents
With Depression Study. Separate logistic regression models,
controlling for site, examined whether sex, age, race, or
source of recruitment was associated with eligibility,
providing written consent, or randomization. Efficiency was
calculated from the number of completed telephone screens
per each enrolled participant. RESULTS: Older adolescents
were less likely to be eligible at telephone screening (odds
ratio [OR] 0.81). Regardless of race, eligible adolescents
who were referred by a professional had higher odds of
presenting in-person for consent (OR 1.56). African
Americans had statistically lower odds of providing consent
(OR 0.67), particularly if recruited by advertisement (OR
0.54). Females were more likely to be diagnosed with major
depressive disorder (OR 1.69). No significant differences
were found between randomized participants and eligible
adolescents who withdrew from the study before
randomization. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the
importance of using multiple strategies to recruit
adolescents for clinical trial participation and enhancing
sensitivity to cultural variations, especially when reaching
out to depressed African Americans.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3180582019},
Key = {fds275159}
}
@article{fds275114,
Author = {DE May and CJ Kratochvil and SE Puumala and SG Silva and AJ Rezac and MJ
Hallin, MA Reinecke and B Vitiello and EB Weller and S Pathak and AD
Simons and JS March},
Title = {A manual-based intervention to address clinical crises and
retain patients in the Treatment of Adolescents With
Depression Study (TADS).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {46},
Number = {5},
Pages = {573-581},
Year = {2007},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450048},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Crisis Intervention •
Dangerous Behavior • Depressive Disorder, Major •
Emergency Services, Psychiatric* • Female • Health
Promotion* • Humans • Male • Manuals as
Topic* • Patient Compliance* • Questionnaires
• methods* • psychology* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe a manual-based intervention to
address clinical crises and retain participants in the
Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS).
METHOD: The use of adjunct services for attrition prevention
(ASAP) is described for adolescents (ages 12-17 years)
during the 12-week acute treatment in TADS, from 2000 to
2003. Logistic regression, controlling for site, was used to
predict use. RESULTS: Of 439 enrolled participants, 17.8% (n
= 78) used ASAP primarily for suicidality or worsening of
depression. Of these, 46.2% continued in their assigned
treatment through week 12, 47.4% received out-of-protocol
treatment but continued participating in assessments, and
10.3% withdrew consent, including 3 who terminated treatment
and withdrew consent on the same date. ASAP use did not
differ between treatments (p =.97) and typically occurred
early in treatment. At the end of the 12 weeks, 37.2% of
participants using ASAP remained in their assigned
treatment, although 80.8% continued participating in
assessments. ASAP was associated with, at baseline, a higher
severity of depression (p <.01), substance use (p <.01), and
precontemplation level of change (p <.02). CONCLUSIONS: ASAP
may be useful to retain adolescent participants and as a
safety intervention in placebo-controlled trials. In
clinical practice ASAP-like procedures may be useful to
encourage adherence in patients engaging in long-term
treatment. Clinical trial registration information-URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:
NCT00006286.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e3180323342},
Key = {fds275114}
}
@article{fds275169,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and BS Vaughan and ML Mayfield-Jorgensen and JS March and SH Kollins and DW Murray and H Ravi and LL Greenhill and LA Kotler and N
Paykina, P Biggins and J Stoner},
Title = {A pilot study of atomoxetine in young children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {17},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-185},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17489712},
Keywords = {Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors • Age Factors •
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity • Child
• Child, Preschool • Feasibility Studies •
Female • Humans • Male • Pilot Projects
• Propylamines • Severity of Illness Index •
Treatment Outcome • adverse effects • drug
therapy* • therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the
effectiveness and tolerability of atomoxetine during acute
treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
in 5 and 6 year olds. METHOD: Twenty two children (male n =
19, 86%) with ADHD were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks
in a three-site, open-label pilot study. Dosing was
flexible, with titration to a maximum of 1.8 mg/kg per day.
Parent education on behavior management was provided as part
of each pharmacotherapy visit. RESULTS: Subjects
demonstrated a mean decrease of 20.68 points (SD = 12.80, p
< 0.001)) on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-IV-RS) total
score, 10.18 (SD = 7.48, p < 0.001) on the inattentive
subscale and 10.50 (SD = 7.04, p < 0.001) on the
hyperactive/impulsive subscale. Clinical Global
Impression-Severity (CGI-S) was improved in 82% of the
children (95% CI, 66-98%) and Children's Global Assessment
(CGAS) scores improved 18.91 points on average (SD = 12.20,
p < 0.001). The mean final dose of atomoxetine was 1.25
mg/kg per day (SD = 0.35 mg/kg per day). Mood lability was
the most commonly reported adverse event (n = 12, 54.5%).
Eleven subjects (50%) reported decreased appetite and a mean
weight loss of 1.04 kg (SD = 0.80 kg) (p < 0.001) was
observed for the group. Vital sign changes were mild and not
clinically significant. There were no discontinuations due
to adverse events or lack of efficacy. CONCLUSION:
Atomoxetine was generally effective for reducing core ADHD
symptoms in the 5 and 6 year olds in this open-label
study.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1089/cap.2007.0143},
Key = {fds275169}
}
@article{fds275165,
Author = {JS March and ME Franklin and H Leonard and A Garcia and P Moore and J
Freeman and E Foa},
Title = {Tics moderate treatment outcome with sertraline but not
cognitive-behavior therapy in pediatric obsessive-compulsive
disorder.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {61},
Number = {3},
Pages = {344-347},
Year = {2007},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17241830},
Keywords = {Acute Disease • Adolescent • Child •
Cognitive Therapy* • Combined Modality Therapy •
Female • Humans • Male • Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales •
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors • Sertraline • Tic
Disorders • Tourette Syndrome • drug therapy
• drug therapy* • psychology • therapeutic
use* • therapy*},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: The presence of a comorbid tic disorder may
predict a poorer outcome in the acute treatment of pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: Using data
from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded
Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) that compared
cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), medical management with
sertraline (SER), and the combination of CBT and SER (COMB),
to pill placebo (PBO) in children and adolescents with OCD,
we asked whether the presence of a comorbid tic disorder
influenced symptom reduction on the Children's Yale-Brown
Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) after 12 weeks of
treatment. RESULTS: Fifteen percent (17 of 112) of patients
exhibited a comorbid tic disorder. In patients without tics,
results replicated previously published intent-to-treat
outcomes: COMB > CBT > SER > PBO. In patients with a
comorbid tic disorder, SER did not differ from PBO, while
COMB remained superior to CBT and CBT remained superior to
PBO. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to CBT outcomes, which are not
differentially impacted, tic disorders appear to adversely
impact the outcome of medication management of pediatric
OCD. Children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive
disorder and a comorbid tic disorder should begin treatment
with cognitive-behavior therapy alone or the combination of
cognitive-behavior therapy plus a serotonin reuptake
inhibitor.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.035},
Key = {fds275165}
}
@article{fds275072,
Author = {K Gersing and B Burchett and J March and T Ostbye and KR
Krishnan},
Title = {Predicting antipsychotic use in children.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacol Bull},
Volume = {40},
Number = {3},
Pages = {116-124},
Year = {2007},
ISSN = {0048-5764},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18007573},
Abstract = {UNLABELLED: Psychotropic medications are increasingly being
used by children and adolescents. In an earlier report, we
noted that boys were receiving atypical antipsychotics more
frequently than were girls, (70% of the claims). Since
diagnosis was not available in the data, we were unable to
ascertain the reasons for this. In the present analysis, we
examined a large clinical mental health database to
ascertain the reason for antipsychotic use.We evaluated the
extent to which race, gender, age and type of diagnosis
accounted for atypical antipsychotic use in children.
METHODS: The authors used an anonymous clinical database
created at Duke University Medical Center. The database is
based on the clinical document of care in the Department of
Psychiatry. The data are de-identified per HIPAA guidelines
and has an IRB exemption for use in clinical research.
Patients analyzed were seen from 1999 to 2005 and were below
the age of 18 at the time of clinical care. A total 3,268
patients, with a total of 7,701 visits comprise the analysis
sample. Age, gender, race, and diagnosis were extracted as
predictors of use of atypical antipsychotics. RESULTS: Males
and older children were also more likely to use an atypical.
African Americans were slightly more likely to use an
atypical than whites. Patients whose diagnoses were
classified as either psychotic or internalizing were also
more likely to use an antipsychotic. CONCLUSION: The
underlying reasons for the high level of use of atypicals in
boys and in African Americans need to be investigated
further.},
Key = {fds275072}
}
@article{fds275027,
Author = {KC Wells and TC Chi and SP Hinshaw and JN Epstein and L Pfiffner and M
Nebel-Schwalm, EB Owens and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and CK Conners and GR Elliott and LL Greenhill and L Hechtman and B Hoza and PS Jensen and J
March, JH Newcorn and WE Pelham and JB Severe and J Swanson and B
Vitiello and T Wigal},
Title = {Treatment-related changes in objectively measured parenting
behaviors in the multimodal treatment study of children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
Journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol},
Volume = {74},
Number = {4},
Pages = {649-657},
Year = {2006},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16881772},
Abstract = {The present study examined treatment outcomes for
objectively measured parenting behavior in the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). Five hundred seventy-nine ethnically and
socioeconomically diverse children with ADHD-combined type
(ages 7.0-9.9 years) and their parent(s) were recruited at 6
sites in the United States and Canada and randomly assigned
to 1 of 4 treatment groups for 14 months of active
intervention: medication management (MedMgt), intensive
behavior therapy, combination of the 2 (Comb), or a
community-treated comparison (CC). Baseline and
posttreatment laboratory observations of parent-child
interactions were coded by observers blind to treatment
condition. Comb produced significantly greater improvements
in constructive parenting than did MedMgt or CC, with effect
sizes approaching medium for these contrasts. Treatment
effects on child behaviors were not significant. The authors
discuss the importance of changes in parenting behavior for
families of children with ADHD and the need for reliable and
objective measures in evaluating treatment
outcome.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.649},
Key = {fds275027}
}
@article{fds275026,
Author = {JN Epstein and CK Conners and AS Hervey and ST Tonev and LE Arnold and HB
Abikoff, G Elliott and LL Greenhill and L Hechtman and K Hoagwood and SP
Hinshaw, B Hoza and PS Jensen and JS March and JH Newcorn and WE Pelham and JB Severe and JM Swanson and K Wells and B Vitiello and T Wigal and MTA
Cooperative Study Group},
Title = {Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using
neuropsychological outcomes.},
Journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},
Volume = {47},
Number = {5},
Pages = {446-456},
Year = {2006},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0021-9630},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16671928},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: While studies have increasingly investigated
deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variability in
children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant
medication on these important neuropsychological outcome
measures. METHODS: 316 children who participated in the
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA)
completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at
the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included
standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit
reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an
Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau).
RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication
across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on
the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant
medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. CONCLUSIONS:
This demonstrates the importance of including analytic
strategies that can accurately model the actual
distributional pattern, including the positive skew.
Further, the results of the study relate to several
theoretical models of ADHD.},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x},
Key = {fds275026}
}
@article{fds275047,
Author = {J DeVeaugh-Geiss and J March and M Shapiro and PJ Andreason and G
Emslie, LM Ford and L Greenhill and D Murphy and E Prentice and R
Roberts, S Silva and JM Swanson and B van Zwieten-Boot and B
Vitiello, KD Wagner and B Mangum},
Title = {Child and adolescent psychopharmacology in the new
millennium: a workshop for academia, industry, and
government.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {3},
Pages = {261-270},
Year = {2006},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540810},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To give academic researchers, government
officials, and industry scientists an opportunity to assess
the state of pediatric psychopharmacology and identify
challenges facing professionals in the field. METHOD:
Increased federal spending and the introduction of pediatric
exclusivity led to large increases in pediatric
psychopharmacology research in the 1990s. Despite the
increase in research, concerns exist about methods and
incentives for making new medications available for use in
pediatric psychiatric disorders. In recognition of these
concerns, the Duke Clinical Research Institute held a
roundtable in September 2004. Participants from the National
Institutes of Health, regulatory agencies, academia, and the
pharmaceutical industry spoke about the effects of
government regulations such as the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration Modernization Act and the Pediatric Research
Equity Act on pediatric research from academic, clinical,
and industry perspectives, and bioethical considerations of
such research. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure development of new
drugs for treating psychiatric disorders in children and
adolescents, we must address the challenges posed by the
regulatory environment governing pediatric
psychopharmacology research. Strategies were identified for
improving the evidence base for psychopharmacologic
interventions in youth before widespread use and for more
effectively defining a research agenda for the
future.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000194568.70912.ee},
Key = {fds275047}
}
@article{fds275162,
Author = {JS March and BJ Klee and CM Kremer},
Title = {Treatment benefit and the risk of suicidality in
multicenter, randomized, controlled trials of sertraline in
children and adolescents.},
Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {91-102},
Year = {2006},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553531},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Double-Blind Method •
Humans • Mental Disorders • Multicenter Studies as
Topic* • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic* •
Risk Factors • Sertraline • Suicide* •
Treatment Outcome • adverse effects • drug therapy
• epidemiology • therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the balance
between the benefits of treatment and the risk of
suicidality in children and adolescents in multicenter,
randomized, controlled trials of sertraline versus placebo.
METHOD: The published literature was searched for
multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of
sertraline for pediatric mental disorders. Four trials were
identified: Two (pooled) in pediatric major depressive
disorder (MDD; Wagner 2003) and two in obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD; March et al. 1998; POTS Team 2004). Using
intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis populations, the authors
calculated the number needed to treat (NNT) for response and
remission and the number needed to harm (NNH) for
suicidality, and their ratio, for each clinical trial.
RESULTS: NNTs ranged from 2 to 10, indicating clinically
meaningful benefits. Benefit was greater for OCD than for
MDD, and for adolescents as compared with children in MDD.
No age effect was apparent for OCD. Suicidality was reported
in 8 patients (5 assigned to sertraline and 3 assigned to
placebo). All but 1 (a placebo-treated patient in the Pfizer
OCD trial) were enrolled in the sertraline MDD trial. The
NNH for suicidality in MDD was 64. Treatment emergent
suicidality was more common in children (NNH 28.7) than in
adolescents (NNH 706.3). Because no patient developed
suicidality in sertraline-treated OCD patients, the NNH for
sertraline in OCD approaches infinity. CONCLUSIONS: With the
stipulation that doctor and patient preferences necessarily
play a critical role in the choice of treatment, NNT to NNH
ratios indicate a positive benefit-to-risk ratio for
sertraline in adolescents with MDD and in patients of all
ages with OCD.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1089/cap.2006.16.91},
Key = {fds275162}
}
@article{fds275023,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and B Vitiello and J Walkup and G Emslie and BD Waslick and EB Weller and WJ Burke and JS March},
Title = {Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pediatric
depression: Is the balance between benefits and risks
favorable?},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {16},
Number = {1-2},
Pages = {11-24},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
Abstract = {Recent controversies surrounding the use of selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have highlighted the
need to reassess potential benefits, as well as potential
risks of this class of medications in the treatment of
pediatric depression. The recent availability of data from
meta-analyses of published and unpublished antidepressant
trials, epidemiological studies, and the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) has facilitated a
reanalysis of this risk/benefit relationship. Despite
reviewing similar data, various regulatory agencies have
arrived at rather disparate conclusions regarding the data,
resulting in continued controversy. Although all groups
appear to agree that careful assessment, education regarding
risks, and closer monitoring are essential for SSRIs, only
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.K.
Medicine and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency maintain
that an acceptable risk/benefit relationship exists for
fluoxetine. The European Medicines Agency concluded that the
SSRIs should not be used in the treatment of depression in
children and adolescents. The authors of this review have
taken into consideration many of these same data and offer a
critical discussion of the pros and cons of SSRIs in
pediatric depression. The authors have concluded that
SSRIs-in particular, fluoxetine-do have a role in the
treatment of pediatric depression.},
Doi = {10.1089/cap.2006.16.11},
Key = {fds275023}
}
@article{fds275024,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Dr. March replies [2]},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {4},
Pages = {383-384},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000207317.69141.58},
Key = {fds275024}
}
@article{fds275025,
Author = {AE Layne and GA Bernstein and JS March},
Title = {Teacher awareness of anxiety symptoms in
children},
Journal = {Child Psychiatry and Human Development},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {383-392},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0009-398X},
Abstract = {The present study aimed to determine which anxiety symptoms
in children are associated with teacher awareness and
whether teacher awareness differs according to student age
and gender. The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
(MASC) was completed by 453 second through fifth grade
students and teachers nominated the three most anxious
students in their classrooms. A multivariate analysis of
variance was conducted with MASC scale scores as the
dependent variables. Children identified by teachers as
anxious had significantly higher levels of overall anxiety,
physiological anxiety, social anxiety, and separation
anxiety. Overall, teacher awareness did not differ based on
student age or gender. © Springer Science+Business Media,
Inc. 2006.},
Doi = {10.1007/s10578-006-0009-6},
Key = {fds275025}
}
@article{fds275028,
Author = {J March and S Silva and B Vitiello},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS):
Methods and message at 12 weeks},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1393-1403},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, the
Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) is
intended to evaluate the short-term (12 weeks) and
longer-term (36 weeks) effectiveness of four treatments for
adolescents with DSM-IV major depressive disorder: clinical
management with fluoxetine (FLX), cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT), FLX and CBT combined (COMB), and clinical
management with placebo (PBO). We previously reported that
COMB and FLX were more effective in reducing depression than
CBT or PBO after 12 weeks of acute treatment. In this
special section of the Journal, separate articles extend
these findings to the impact of TADS treatments on
remission, speed of response, function and quality of life,
predictors of outcome, and safety during the first 12 weeks
of treatment. To set the stage for the special section, we
briefly review the rationale, design, and methods of the
TADS; describe the TADS sample to which the TADS findings
generalize; using all of the currently available data,
summarize the intent-to-treat outcomes across multiple
endpoints at 12 weeks; and consider the public health value
of the TADS findings in the context of design decisions and
methodological limitations of the TADS, including some that
may have advantaged the combined treatment condition.
Reflecting the ordering of effect sizes at week 12-COMB
(0.98) > FLX (0.68) > CBT (-0.03)-combined treatment
proved superior to PBO on 15 of 16 endpoints, to CBT on 14
of 16 endpoints, and to FLX on 8 of 16 endpoints, whereas
FLX was superior to CBT on 8 of 14 and to PBO on 7 of 16
measures. CBT did not differ from PBO on any measure.
Despite the fact that suicidality improved markedly across
all of the treatment conditions, suicidal events were twice
as common in patients treated with FLX alone than with COMB
or CBT alone, perhaps indicating that CBT protects against
suicidal events. Thus, combined treatment appears to
accelerate recovery relative to CBT and, for some outcomes,
FLX alone, while minimizing the risk of suicidality relative
to FLX alone. Taking benefit and risk into account, we
conclude that the combination of FLX and CBT appears
superior to either monotherapy as a treatment for moderate
to severe major depressive disorder in adolescents.
Copyright 2006 © American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000237709.35637.c0},
Key = {fds275028}
}
@article{fds275029,
Author = {B Vitiello and P Rohde and S Silva and K Wells and C Casat and B Waslick and A
Simons, M Reinecke and E Weller and C Kratochvil and E
al},
Title = {Functioning and quality of life in the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1419-1426},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test whether 12-week treatment of major
depression improved the level of functioning, global health,
and quality of life of adolescents. METHOD: The Treatment
for Adolescents With Depression Study was a multisite,
randomized clinical trial of fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination
(COMB), or clinical management with placebo in 439
adolescents with major depression. Functioning was measured
with the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), global
health with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for
Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA), and quality of life with
the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction
Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q). Random-effects regression models
were applied to the data. RESULTS: Compared with placebo,
COMB was effective on the CGAS (p < .0001), HoNOSCA (p
< .05), and PQ-LES-Q (p < .001), whereas fluoxetine
was superior to placebo on the CGAS only (p < .05). COMB
was superior to fluoxetine on the CGAS (p < .05) and
PQ-LES-Q (p = .001). Fluoxetine was superior to CBT on the
CGAS (p < .01). CBT monotherapy was not statistically
different from the placebo group on any of the measures
assessed. Treatment effects were mediated by improvement in
depressive symptoms measured on the Child Depression Rating
Scale-Revised. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of fluoxetine
and CBT was effective in improving functioning, global
health, and quality of life in depressed adolescents.
Fluoxetine monotherapy improved functioning. Copyright 2006
© American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000242229.52646.6e},
Key = {fds275029}
}
@article{fds275030,
Author = {G Emslie and C Kratochvil and B Vitiello and S Silva and T Mayes and S
McNulty, E Weller and B Waslick and C Casat and J Walkup and E
al},
Title = {Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS):
Safety results},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1440-1455},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of physical, psychiatric,
and suicide-related events in adolescents with MDD treated
with fluoxetine alone (FLX), cognitive-behavioral therapy
(CBT), combination treatment (COMB), or placebo (PBO).
METHOD: Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs)
collected by spontaneous report, as well as systematic
measures for specific physical and psychiatric symptoms.
Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior were systematically
assessed by self- and clinician reports. Suicidal events
were also reanalyzed by the Columbia Group and expert raters
using the Columbia-Classification Algorithm for Suicidal
Assessment used in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
reclassification effort. RESULTS: Depressed adolescents
reported high rates of physical symptoms at baseline, which
improved as depression improved. Sedation, insomnia,
vomiting, and upper abdominal pain occurred in at least 2%
of those treated with FLX and/or COMB and at twice the rate
of placebo. The rate of psychiatric AEs was 11% in FLX, 5.6%
in COMB, 4.5% in PBO, and 0.9% in CBT. Suicidal ideation
improved overall, with greatest improvement in COMB.
Twenty-four suicide-related events occurred during the
12-week period: 5 patients (4.7%) in COMB, 10 (9.2%) in FLX,
5 (4.5%) in CBT, and 3 (2.7%) in placebo. Statistically,
only FLX had more suicide-related events than PBO (p =.0402,
odds ratio (OR) = 3.7, 95% CI 1.00-63.7). Only five actual
attempts occurred (2 COMB, 2 FLX, 1 CBT, 0 PBO). There were
no suicide completions. CONCLUSIONS: Different methods for
eliciting AEs produce different results. In general, as
depression improves, physical complaints and suicidal
ideation decrease in proportion to treatment benefit. In
this study, psychiatric AEs and suicide-related events are
more common in FLX-treated patients. COMB treatment may
offer a more favorable safety profile than medication alone
in adolescent depression. Copyright 2006 © American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000240840.63737.1d},
Key = {fds275030}
}
@article{fds275051,
Author = {C Kratochvil and G Emslie and S Silva and S McNulty and J Walkup and J
Curry, M Reinecke and B Vitiello and P Rohde and N Feeny and C Casat and S
Pathak, E Weller and D May and T Mayes and M Robins and J
March},
Title = {Acute time to response in the Treatment for Adolescents with
Depression Study (TADS)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1412-1418},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the time to response for both
pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). METHOD:
Adolescents (N = 439, ages 12 to 17 years) with major
depressive disorder were randomized to fluoxetine (FLX),
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination
(COMB), or pill placebo (PBO). Defining response as very
much improved or much improved on the Clinical Global
Impression- Improvement Scale (CGI-I), survival analyses
using Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier
curves were conducted to evaluate time to first response and
time to stable response for subjects receiving
pharmacotherapy (COMB, FLX, PBO) as well as for subjects
receiving CBT (COMB, CBT). Direct comparisons between
pharmacotherapy and CBT were not made because of differences
in visit schedules. RESULTS: Based on pharmacotherapist
CGI-I scores, COMB and FLX showed faster onset of benefit
than PBO on time to response and time to stable response (p
< .001), and COMB was faster than FLX on time to stable
response (p = .034). The probability of sustained early
response was approximately threefold greater for COMB than
PBO, twofold greater for FLX than PBO, and 1.5-fold greater
for COMB than FLX. On the psychotherapist CGI-I scores, both
first response and stable response occurred faster in COMB
than CBT (p < .001), with a probability of sustained
early response approximately threefold greater for COMB than
CBT. CONCLUSIONS: In the acute treatment of depressed
adolescents, FLX and COMB accelerate response relative to
PBO, and COMB accelerates response relative to CBT alone.
Copyright 2006 © American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000237710.73755.14},
Key = {fds275051}
}
@article{fds275052,
Author = {J Curry and P Rohde and A Simons and S Silva and B Vitiello and C
Kratochvil, M Reinecke and N Feeny and K Wells and S Pathak and E
Weller, D Rosenberg and B Kennard and M Robins and G Ginsburg and J
March},
Title = {Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the Treatment
for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1427-1439},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors and moderators of response
to acute treatments among depressed adolescents (N = 439)
randomly assigned to fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT), both fluoxetine and CBT, or clinical
management with pill placebo in the Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS). METHOD: Potential
baseline predictors and moderators were identified by a
literature review. The outcome measure was a week 12
predicted score derived from the Children's Depression
Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). For each candidate moderator
or predictor, a general linear model was conducted to
examine main and interactive effects of treatment and the
candidate variable on the CDRS-R predicted scores. RESULTS:
Adolescents who were younger, less chronically depressed,
higher functioning, and less hopeless with less suicidal
ideation, fewer melancholic features or comorbid diagnoses,
and greater expectations for improvement were more likely to
benefit acutely than their counterparts. Combined treatment,
under no condition less effective than monotherapy, was more
effective than fluoxetine for mild to moderate depression
and for depression with high levels of cognitive distortion,
but not for severe depression or depression with low levels
of cognitive distortion. Adolescents from high-income
families were as likely to benefit from CBT alone as from
combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Younger and less severely
impaired adolescents are likely to respond better to acute
treatment than older, more impaired, or multiply comorbid
adolescents. Family income level, cognitive distortions, and
severity of depression may help clinicians to choose among
acute interventions, but combined treatment proved robust in
the presence of moderators. Copyright 2006 © American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000240838.78984.e2},
Key = {fds275052}
}
@article{fds275053,
Author = {B Kennard and S Silva and B Vitiello and J Curry and C Kratochvil and A
Simons, J Hughes and N Feeny and E Weller and M Sweeney and M Reinecke and S Pathak and G Ginsburg and G Emslie and J March},
Title = {Remission and residual symptoms after short-term treatment
in the Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study
(TADS)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {45},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1404-1411},
Year = {2006},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To ascertain remission rates in depressed youth
participating in the Treatment for Adolescents With
Depression Study (TADS), a multisite clinical trial that
randomized 439 adolescents with major depressive disorder
(MDD) to a 12-week treatment of fluoxetine (FLX),
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination
(COMB), or clinical management with pill placebo (PBO).
METHOD: Using an end-of-treatment Children's Depression
Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) total score of 28 or below as
the criterion for remission, rates of remission were
examined with logistic regression, controlling for site.
Loss of MDD diagnosis and residual symptoms in responders
(defined as Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I)
score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) were
also examined across treatment groups. RESULTS: After 12
weeks of treatment, 102 (23%) of 439 youths had reached
remission. The remission rate was significantly higher in
the COMB group (37%) relative to the other treatment groups
(FLX, 23%; CBT, 16%; PBO, 17%), with odds ratios of 2.1 for
COMB versus FLX, 3.3 for COMB versus CBT, and 3.0 for COMB
versus PBO. In addition, 71% of subjects across treatment
groups no longer met criteria for MDD at the end of acute
treatment. Fifty percent of the youths who responded by
CGI-I criteria continued to have residual symptoms, such as
sleep or mood disturbances, fatigue, and poor concentration.
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of FLX and CBT was superior to
both monotherapy and PBO in terms of remission rates, but
overall rates of remission remain low and residual symptoms
are common at the end of 12 weeks of treatment. Copyright
2006 © American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000242228.75516.21},
Key = {fds275053}
}
@article{fds275121,
Author = {JS March and SG Silva and S Compton and M Shapiro and R Califf and R
Krishnan},
Title = {The case for practical clinical trials in
psychiatry.},
Journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
Volume = {162},
Number = {5},
Pages = {836-846},
Year = {2005},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0002-953X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863782},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adult • Bias (Epidemiology) •
Child • Clinical Protocols • Clinical Trials as
Topic • Evidence-Based Medicine • Humans •
Mental Disorders • Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
• Patient Selection • Psychiatry • Quality
Assurance, Health Care • Randomized Controlled Trials
as Topic • Reproducibility of Results • Research
Design • Research Support as Topic • economics
• methods* • standards • therapy},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Clinical trials in psychiatry frequently fail to
maximize clinical utility for practicing clinicians, or,
stated differently, available evidence is not perceived by
clinicians (and other decision makers) as sufficiently
relevant to clinical practice, thereby diluting its impact.
To attain maximum clinical relevance and acceptability,
researchers must conduct clinical trials designed to meet
the needs of clinicians and others who are making decisions
about patients' care. The authors present the case for
psychiatry's adoption of the practical clinical trials
model, which is widely used in research in other areas of
medicine. METHOD: The authors outline the characteristics
and scope of practical clinical trials, give examples of
practical clinical trials, and discuss the challenges of
using the practical clinical trials model in psychiatry,
including issues of funding. RESULTS: Practical clinical
trials, which are intended to provide generalizable answers
to important clinical questions without bias, are
characterized by eight key features: a straightforward
clinically relevant question, a representative sample of
patients and practice settings, sufficient power to identify
modest clinically relevant effects, randomization to protect
against bias, clinical uncertainty regarding the outcome of
treatment at the patient level, assessment and treatment
protocols that enact best clinical practices, simple and
clinically relevant outcomes, and limited subject and
investigator burden. CONCLUSIONS: To implement the practical
clinical trials model in psychiatry will require stable
funding for network construction and maintenance plus
methodological innovation in governance and trial selection,
assessment, treatment, data management, site management, and
data analytic procedures.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.162.5.836},
Key = {fds275121}
}
@article{fds275136,
Author = {JS March and A Chrisman and A Breland-Noble and K Clouse and R D'Alli and H
Egger, P Gammon and M Gazzola and A Lin and C Mauro and A Rana and H Ravi and M Srirama and H Su and G Thrall and P van de Velde and Duke Pediatric
Psychiatry EBM Seminar Team},
Title = {Using and teaching evidence-based medicine: the Duke
University child and adolescent psychiatry
model.},
Journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {273-ix},
Year = {2005},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {1056-4993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694786},
Keywords = {Academic Medical Centers • Adolescent • Adolescent
Health Services • Adolescent Psychiatry • Child
• Child Health Services • Child Psychiatry •
Evidence-Based Medicine • Humans • Mental Health
Services • Teaching • United States •
education* • methods • methods* •
organization & administration • organization &
administration*},
Abstract = {Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is defined as a set of
processes that facilitate the conscientious, explicit, and
judicious integration of individual clinical expertise with
the best available external clinical evidence from
systematic research in making decisions about the care of
individual patients. EBM focuses not only on grading the
strength of the evidence but also on the processes and tools
that are necessary for clinicians to continually upgrade
their knowledge and skills for those problems encountered in
daily practice. This article, authored by members of the
Duke Pediatric Psychiatry EBM Seminar Team, (1) describes
EBM as applied to the training of child and adolescent
psychiatrists in the Division of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry at Duke University
Medical Center; (2) presents a simplified discussion of EBM
as a technology for training and patient care; (3) discusses
the basic principles and procedures for teaching EBM in the
setting of a multidisciplinary training program; and (4)
briefly mentions two training and research initiatives that
are furthered by incorporating EBM.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2004.05.001},
Key = {fds275136}
}
@article{fds275015,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Review: a pooled long term persistence rate of 40% for
childhood OCD is lower than previously expected.},
Journal = {Evid Based Ment Health},
Volume = {8},
Number = {1},
Pages = {6},
Year = {2005},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1362-0347},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15671497},
Key = {fds275015}
}
@article{fds275012,
Author = {B Hoza and AC Gerdes and S Mrug and SP Hinshaw and WM Bukowski and JA Gold and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and CK Conners and GR Elliott and E
al},
Title = {Peer-assessed outcomes in the multimodal treatment study of
children with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent
Psychology},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-86},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1537-4416},
Abstract = {Peer-assessed outcomes were examined at the end of treatment
(14 months after study entry) for 285 children (226 boys, 59
girls) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
who were rated by their classmates (2,232 classmates total)
using peer sociometric procedures. All children with ADHD
were participants in the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children with ADHD (MTA). Treatment groups were compared
using the orthogonal treatment contrasts that accounted for
the largest amount of variance in prior MTA outcome
analyses: Medication Management + Combined Treatment versus
Behavior Therapy + Community Care; Medication Management
versus Combined Treatment; Behavior Therapy versus Community
Care. There was little evidence of superiority of any of the
treatments for the peer-assessed outcomes studied, although
the limited evidence that emerged favored treatments
involving medication management. Post hoc analyses were used
to examine whether any of the four treatment groups yielded
normalized peer relationships relative to randomly
selected-classmates. Results indicated that children from
all groups remained significantly impaired in their peer
relationships.},
Key = {fds275012}
}
@article{fds275014,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and A Simons and B Vitiello and J Walkup and G Emslie and D
Rosenberg and JS March},
Title = {A multisite psychotherapy and medication trial for depressed
adolescents: Background and benefits},
Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-165},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1077-7229},
Abstract = {The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
is an NIMH-supported multisite clinical trial that compares
the. effectiveness of a depression-specific cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT), medication management with
fluoxetine (FLX), the combination of CBT and FLX (COMB), and
medical management with pill placebo (PBO). TADS was
specifically designed as a comprehensive effectiveness
study, able to answer clinically meaningful questions by
including a broad and representative sample of depressed
teens, delivering treatment at both tertiary medical centers
and community clinics, and assessing functional as well as
symptomatic outcomes. This report supports the importance of
conducting clinical trials in youth with depression to
bridge the gap between science and practice. Copyright ©
2005 by Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy. All
rights of reproduction in any form reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1077-7229(05)80021-5},
Key = {fds275014}
}
@article{fds275016,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and KD Wagner and G Emslie and J
March},
Title = {Pharmacological management of treatment-resistant pediatric
depression},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {2},
Pages = {198-200},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200502000-00013},
Key = {fds275016}
}
@article{fds275017,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Authors of TADS study reply to letter raising concerns
[2]},
Journal = {British Medical Journal},
Volume = {330},
Number = {7493},
Pages = {730-731},
Year = {2005},
Doi = {10.1136/bmj.330.7493.730-b},
Key = {fds275017}
}
@article{fds275018,
Author = {JS March and S Silva and S Petrycki and B Dubicka and P
Ramchandani},
Title = {Fluoxetine plus cognitive behavioural therapy was most
effective for adolescents with major depressive
disorder},
Journal = {Evidence-Based Medicine},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {46-},
Year = {2005},
Doi = {10.1136/ebm.10.2.46},
Key = {fds275018}
}
@article{fds275019,
Author = {H Abikoff and J McGough and B Vitiello and J McCracken and M Davies and J
Walkup, M Riddle and M Oatis and L Greenhill and A Skrobala and E
al},
Title = {Sequential pharmacotherapy for children with comorbid
attention-deficit/ hyperactivity and anxiety
disorders},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {418-427},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
is often accompanied by clinically significant anxiety, but
few empirical data guide treatment of children meeting full
DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and anxiety disorders (ADHD/ANX).
This study examined the efficacy of sequential
pharmacotherapy for ADHD/ANX children. Method: Children, age
6 to 17 years, with ADHD/ANX were titrated to optimal
methylphenidate dose and assessed along with children who
entered the study on a previously optimized stimulant.
Children with improved ADHD who remained anxious were
randomly assigned to 8 weeks of double-blind stimulant +
fluvoxamine (STIM/FLV) or stimulant + placebo (STIM/PL).
Primary efficacy measures were the Swanson, Nolan, Atkins,
and Pelham IV Parent and Teacher Rating Scale ADHD score and
the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale total score. ADHD, ANX,
and overall Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement scores
were also obtained. Results: Of the 32 medication-naïve
children openly treated with methylphenidate, 26 (81%)
improved as to ADHD. Twenty-five children entered the
randomized trial. Intent-to-treat analysis indicated no
differences between the STIM/FLV (n = 15) and STIM/PL groups
on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale or Clinical Global
impressions-improvement- defined responder rate. Medications
in both arms were well tolerated. Conclusions: Children with
ADHD/ANX have a response rate to stimulants for ADHD that is
comparable with that of children with general ADHD. The
benefit of adding FLV to stimulants for ANX remains
unproven. ©2005 by the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000155320.52322.37},
Key = {fds275019}
}
@article{fds275020,
Author = {A Weintrob and JS March},
Title = {Placebo use [2] (multiple letters)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {7},
Pages = {624-625},
Year = {2005},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000162578.07277.9f},
Key = {fds275020}
}
@article{fds275021,
Author = {L Hechtman and J Etcovitch and R Platt and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and JH
Newcorn, B Hoza and SP Hinshaw and HC Kraemer and E
al},
Title = {Does multimodal treatment of ADHD decrease other
diagnoses?},
Journal = {Clinical Neuroscience Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {5-6},
Pages = {273-282},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1566-2772},
Abstract = {Comorbid conditions in children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequent and can affect
treatment response and life course. From the multimodal
treatment study of ADHD (MTA), we examined the persistence
or development of conditions other than ADHD, e.g.
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD),
anxiety, depression, and learning disorder (LD) in 576
children, age 7-9 years, diagnosed rigorously with ADHD, who
were randomly assigned to four different treatments for 14
months. The treatment groups were medication management
alone (MedMgt), behavioral treatment alone (Beh), the
combination (Comb), and community comparison routine care
(CC). For the sample as a whole, we found significant
decreases from baseline to 14 months in diagnoses of ODD,
CD, and anxiety disorder but not LD or mood disorder. The CC
group developed significantly more new ODD and retained more
baseline ODD than the Comb or MedMgt groups. There were no
significant treatment group differences for specific other
conditions. Only the Comb group was significantly better
than the CC group in reducing total number of disorders and
impairment at 14 months in subjects with multiple conditions
at baseline. Well-titrated and monitored stimulant
medication can decrease ODD and possibly prevent future CD.
Combined treatment may be required for the most disturbed
children with ADHD who have multiple disorders and severe
impairment. © 2005 Association for Research in Nervous
and Mental Disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.007},
Key = {fds275021}
}
@article{fds275022,
Author = {S Pathak and CJ Kratochvil and GM Rogers and S Silva and B Vitiello and EB
Weller and JS March},
Title = {Comparative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy,
fluoxetine, and their combination in depressed adolescents:
Initial lessons from the treatment for adolescents with
depression study},
Journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
Volume = {7},
Number = {6},
Pages = {429-434},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {1523-3812},
Abstract = {Adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), their
families and clinicians experience significant challenges
when weighing the potential risks versus benefits of
available choices in the treatment of MDD. Although MDD is
highly prevalent in adolescents and is associated with
marked suffering, impairment and risk of suicide, the
scientific data regarding the safety and efficacy of
treatments for pediatric depression are limited. Controlled
clinical trials have provided support for the use of
psychotherapy and fluoxetine for the treatment of pediatric
depression, but until recently no information on the
comparative efficacy of these recommended interventions
alone or in combination was available. The Treatment for
Adolescents with Depression Study provides a very important
therapeutic advance in the field by convincingly showing
that combination treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy
and fluoxetine has the best benefit to risk ratio for
adolescents with moderate to severe depression, and is
superior to monotherapy. Moreover, the study results confirm
that fluoxetine alone is effective in the treatment of
depressed adolescents. Copyright © 2005 by Current
Science Inc.},
Doi = {10.1007/s11920-005-0063-y},
Key = {fds275022}
}
@article{fds275057,
Author = {H Chabrol and DA Brent and J Curry and SN Compton and JS
March},
Title = {CBT versus supportive therapy for depression [1] (multiple
letters)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {9},
Pages = {841-843},
Year = {2005},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000170555.00551.37},
Key = {fds275057}
}
@article{fds275068,
Author = {J March and S Silva and S Petrycki and J Curry and K Wells and J Fairbank and B Burns and M Domino and S McNulty and B Vitiello and J Severe and C Casat and J Kolker and K Riedal and M Goldman and N Feeny and R Findling and S Stull and N McNamara and E Weller and M Robins and R Weller and N Jessani and B
Waslick, M Sweeney and R Kandel and D Schoenholz and J Walkup and G
Ginsburg, E Kastelic and H Koo and C Kratochvil and D May and R LaGrone and M Harrington and AM Albano and G Hirsch and T Knibbs and E Capili and M
Reinecke, B Leventhal and C Nageotte and G Rogers and S Pathak and J
Wells, S Arszman and A Danielyan and A Simons and P Rohde and J Grimm and L
Nguyen, G Emslie and B Kennard and C Hughes and M Ruberu and D
Rosenberg, N Benazon and M Butkus and M Bartoi and G Clarke and D Brent and G Koch},
Title = {The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS):
Demographic and clinical characteristics},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {44},
Number = {1},
Pages = {28-40},
Year = {2005},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression
Study is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial sponsored
by the NIMH. This study is designed to evaluate the short-
and long-term effectiveness of four treatments for
adolescents with major depressive disorder: fluoxetine,
cognitive-behavioral therapy, their combination, and,
acutely, pill placebo. This report describes the demographic
and clinical characteristics of the sample and addresses
external validity. Method: Participants are 439 adolescents,
aged 12-17 years inclusively, with a primary DSM-IV
diagnosis of current major depressive disorder. Baseline
data are summarized and compared with those from national
samples and previous trials. Results: The sample composition
is 54.4% girls, 73.8% white, 12.5% African American, and
8.9% Hispanic. The mean Child Depression Rating
Scale-Revised total score is 60.1 (SD = 10.4, range 45-98)
with 86.0% experiencing their first major depressive
episode. The most common concurrent diagnoses are
generalized anxiety disorder (15.3%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (13.7%), oppositional defiant disorder (13.2%),
social phobia (10.7%), and dysthymia (10.5%). Demographic
results are consistent with data from national samples and
large psychopharmacology trials involving depressed
adolescents. Conclusions: The Treatment for Adolescents With
Depression Study provides a large, diverse, and
representative sample of depressed adolescents that
highlights the complexity of major depressive disorder in
adolescents and provides a rich source for explicating the
effects of moderator and mediator variables on baseline
psychopathology and treatment outcome.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000145807.09027.82},
Key = {fds275068}
}
@article{fds275173,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated
With Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS): implications for
clinical practice.},
Journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med},
Volume = {158},
Number = {9},
Pages = {927-929},
Year = {2004},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {1072-4710},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15351762},
Keywords = {Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System • Behavioral
Symptoms • Child • Child Welfare • Child,
Preschool • Cognition Disorders • Humans •
Physician's Practice Patterns • Polysaccharides,
Bacterial* • Psychomotor Performance •
Streptococcal Infections* • complications •
epidemiology* • microbiology* • physiology •
psychology},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1001/archpedi.158.9.927},
Key = {fds275173}
}
@article{fds275009,
Author = {J March and S Silva and S Petrycki and J Curry and K Wells and J Fairbank and B Burns and M Domino and S McNulty and B Vitiello and J Severe and Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
Team},
Title = {Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their
combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for
Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized
controlled trial.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {292},
Number = {7},
Pages = {807-820},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15315995},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: Initial treatment of major depressive disorder in
adolescents may include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). However,
little is known about their relative or combined
effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of 4
treatments among adolescents with major depressive disorder.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized controlled
trial of a volunteer sample of 439 patients between the ages
of 12 to 17 years with a primary Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of
major depressive disorder. The trial was conducted at 13 US
academic and community clinics between spring 2000 and
summer 2003. INTERVENTIONS: Twelve weeks of (1) fluoxetine
alone (10 to 40 mg/d), (2) CBT alone, (3) CBT with
fluoxetine (10 to 40 mg/d), or (4) placebo (equivalent to 10
to 40 mg/d). Placebo and fluoxetine alone were administered
double-blind; CBT alone and CBT with fluoxetine were
administered unblinded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Children's
Depression Rating Scale-Revised total score and, for
responder analysis, a (dichotomized) Clinical Global
Impressions improvement score. RESULTS: Compared with
placebo, the combination of fluoxetine with CBT was
statistically significant (P =.001) on the Children's
Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Compared with fluoxetine
alone (P =.02) and CBT alone (P =.01), treatment of
fluoxetine with CBT was superior. Fluoxetine alone is a
superior treatment to CBT alone (P =.01). Rates of response
for fluoxetine with CBT were 71.0% (95% confidence interval
[CI], 62%-80%); fluoxetine alone, 60.6% (95% CI, 51%-70%);
CBT alone, 43.2% (95% CI, 34%-52%); and placebo, 34.8% (95%
CI, 26%-44%). On the Clinical Global Impressions improvement
responder analysis, the 2 fluoxetine-containing conditions
were statistically superior to CBT and to placebo.
Clinically significant suicidal thinking, which was present
in 29% of the sample at baseline, improved significantly in
all 4 treatment groups. Fluoxetine with CBT showed the
greatest reduction (P =.02). Seven (1.6%) of 439 patients
attempted suicide; there were no completed suicides.
CONCLUSION: The combination of fluoxetine with CBT offered
the most favorable tradeoff between benefit and risk for
adolescents with major depressive disorder.},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.292.7.807},
Key = {fds275009}
}
@article{fds275008,
Author = {J March and C Kratochvil and G Clarke and W Beardslee and A Derivan and G
Emslie, EP Green and J Heiligenstein and S Hinshaw and K Hoagwood and P
Jensen, P Lavori and H Leonard and J McNulty and MA Michaels and A
Mossholder, T Osher and T Petti and E Prentice and B Vitiello and K
Wells},
Title = {AACAP 2002 research forum: placebo and alternatives to
placebo in randomized controlled trials in pediatric
psychopharmacology.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1046-1056},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266201},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The use of placebo in the pediatric age group has
come under increasing scrutiny. At the 2002 Annual Meeting
of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
the Academy's Workgroup on Research conducted a research
forum. The purpose was to identify challenges and their
solutions regarding the use of placebo in randomized
controlled trials in pediatric psychopharmacology. METHOD:
Workgroups focused on problems and solutions in five areas:
ethics and human subjects, research design and statistics,
partnering with consumers, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
and pharmaceutical industry perspectives, and psychosocial
treatments. RESULTS: In many but not all circumstances,
inclusion of a placebo control is essential to meet the
scientific goals of treatment outcome research. Innovative
research designs; involvement of consumers in planning and
implementing research; flexibility by industry, academia,
the National Institutes of Health, and regulatory agencies
acting in partnership; and concomitant use of evidence-based
psychosocial services can and should assist in making
placebo-controlled trials acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Properly
designed placebo-controlled trials remain necessary,
ethical, and feasible.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000129606.83206.77},
Key = {fds275008}
}
@article{fds275125,
Author = {SN Compton and JS March and D Brent and AM Albano and R Weersing and J
Curry},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and
depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an
evidence-based medicine review.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {8},
Pages = {930-959},
Year = {2004},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15266189},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Anxiety Disorders • Child •
Cognitive Therapy* • Controlled Clinical Trials as
Topic • Depressive Disorder • Evidence-Based
Medicine* • Humans • diagnosis • psychology
• therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the
cognitive-behavioral treatment of children and adolescents
with anxiety and depressive disorders within the conceptual
framework of evidence-based medicine. METHOD: The
psychiatric and psychological literature was systematically
searched for controlled trials applying cognitive-behavioral
treatment to pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders.
RESULTS: For both anxiety and depression, substantial
evidence supports the efficacy of problem-specific
cognitive-behavioral interventions. Comparisons with
wait-list, inactive control, and active control conditions
suggest medium to large effects for symptom reduction in
primary outcome domains. CONCLUSIONS: From an evidence-based
perspective, cognitive-behavioral therapy is currently the
treatment of choice for anxiety and depressive disorders in
children and adolescents. Future research in this area will
need to focus on comparing cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapy with other treatments, component analyses, and
the application of exportable protocol-driven treatments to
divergent settings and patient populations.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275125}
}
@article{fds275006,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Review: clomipramine is more effective than SSRIs for
paediatric obsessive compulsive disorder.},
Journal = {Evid Based Ment Health},
Volume = {7},
Number = {2},
Pages = {50},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {1362-0347},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15107346},
Key = {fds275006}
}
@article{fds275152,
Author = {JS March and SG Silva and S Compton and G Anthony and J DeVeaugh-Geiss and R Califf and R Krishnan},
Title = {The Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials Network
(CAPTN).},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {5},
Pages = {515-518},
Year = {2004},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15100557},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adolescent Psychiatry* • Child •
Child Psychiatry* • Clinical Trials as Topic* •
Cooperative Behavior • Evidence-Based Medicine •
Humans • Information Services* • Mental Disorders
• Psychotropic Drugs • drug therapy},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The current generation of clinical trials in
pediatric psychiatry often fails to maximize clinical
utility for practicing clinicians, thereby diluting its
impact. METHOD: To attain maximum clinical relevance and
acceptability, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials
Network (CAPTN) will transport to pediatric psychiatry the
practical clinical trials model widely used in other areas
of medicine. RESULTS: CAPTN, a collaborative effort of the
Duke Clinical Research Institute and the American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, will conduct large, simple
"practical" trials that provide generalizable answers to
important clinical questions without bias. "Large" in this
case means the random allocation of thousands of patients in
hundreds of clinical centers to different treatments as they
are delivered in community settings. "Simple" means that the
number and type of data elements (and, hence, subject and
investigator burden) is small and straightforward so as not
to discourage provider or patient participation and to
maximize the number of subjects per dollar spent.
CONCLUSION: With 200 to 400 child and adolescent
psychiatrists each participating in two or three practical
clinical trials over 4 years, CAPTN promises to advance both
the evidence base and research capacity in child and
adolescent psychiatry.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200405000-00004},
Key = {fds275152}
}
@article{fds275002,
Author = {P Barrett and L Healy-Farrell and JS March},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood
obsessive-compulsive disorder: A controlled
trial},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {1},
Pages = {46-62},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the relative efficacy of (1)
individual cognitive-behavioral family-based therapy (CBFT);
(2) group CBFT; and (3) a waitlist control group in the
treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Method: This study, conducted at a university clinic in
Brisbane, Australia, involved 77 children and adolescents
with OCD who were randomized to individual CBFT, group CBFT,
or a 4- to 6-week waitlist control condition. Children were
assessed before and after treatment and at 3 months and 6
months following the completion of treatment using
diagnostic interviews, symptom severity interviews, and
self-report measures. Parental distress, family functioning,
sibling distress, and levels of accommodation to OCD demands
were also assessed. Active treatment involved a manualized
14-week cognitive-behavioral protocol, with parental and
sibling components. Results: By an evaluable patient
analysis, statistically and clinically significant
pretreatment-to-posttreatment change occurred in OCD
diagnostic status and severity across both individual and
group CBFT, with no significant differences in improvement
ratings between these conditions. There were no significant
changes across measures for the waitlist condition.
Treatment gains were maintained up to 6 months of follow-up.
Conclusions: Contrary to previous findings and expectations,
group CBFT is as effective in reducing OCD symptoms for
children and adolescents as individual treatment. Findings
support the efficacy and durability of CBFT in treating
childhood OCD. ©2003 by the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200401000-00014},
Key = {fds275002}
}
@article{fds275004,
Author = {KD Wagner and P Ambrosini and M Rynn and J March},
Title = {Sertraline reduced the severity of patients' depressive
symptoms in major depressive disorder},
Journal = {Evidence-Based Medicine},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {46-},
Year = {2004},
Doi = {10.1136/ebm.9.2.46},
Key = {fds275004}
}
@article{fds275005,
Author = {LE Arnold and S Chuang and M Davies and HB Abikoff and CK Conners and GR
Elliott, LL Greenhill and L Hechtman and SP Hinshaw and E
al},
Title = {Nine Months of Multicomponent Behavioral Treatment for ADHD
and Effectiveness of MTA Fading Procedures},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-51},
Year = {2004},
Abstract = {We examined 9-month data from the 14-month NIMH Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (the MTA) as a further
check on the relative effect of medication (MedMgt) and
behavioral treatment (Beh) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) while Beh was still being delivered at
greater intensity than at 14-month endpoint, and conversely
as a check on the efficacy of the MTA behavioral
generalization/maintenance procedures. Intention-to-treat
analysis at 9 months showed essentially the same results as
at 14 months, after Beh had been completely faded; MedMgt
and the combination (Comb) of medication and Beh were
significantly superior to Beh and community care (CC) for
ADHD and oppositional-defiant (ODD) symptoms, with mixed
results for social skills and internalizing symptoms. All
treatment-group differences examined as changes in slopes
from 9 to 14 months were nonsignificant (we found general
improvement for all groups). Slopes from baseline to 9
months correlated highly (r > .74, p < .0001) with
slopes from baseline to 14 months for all groups. The time
function from baseline to 14 months showed a significant
linear, but not quadratic, trend for the main outcome
measure (a composite of parent- and teacher-rated ADHD and
ODD symptoms) for all groups. Findings suggest that in
contrast to the hypothesized deterioration in the relative
benefit of Beh between 9 and 14 months (after completion of
fading), the MTA Beh generalization and maintenance
procedures implemented through 9 months apparently yielded
continuing improvement through 14 months, with preservation
of the relative position of Beh compared to other treatment
strategies.},
Doi = {10.1023/B:JACP.0000007579.61289.31},
Key = {fds275005}
}
@article{fds275007,
Author = {AT Derivan and BL Leventhal and J March and M Wolraich and JM
Zito},
Title = {The ethical use of placebo in clinical trials involving
children},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {169-174},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
Abstract = {The authors reviewed various statements describing the
ethical use of placebo-controls in clinical trials involving
minors. Attention was focused upon the Guidelines for the
Ethical Conduct of Studies to Evaluate Drugs in Pediatric
Populations, published by the American Academy of Pediatrics
(AAP) (Kaufman et al. 1995). A brief review of certain key
documents and a possible expansion of the guidelines are
presented. Specifically, it is recommended that a review and
update of guidelines for the use of placebo-controlled
trials in children be undertaken by a working group
comprised of stakeholders, including academic clinical and
research professionals, bioethicists, consumers, members of
key government agencies, and the pharmaceutical
industry.},
Doi = {10.1089/1044546041649057},
Key = {fds275007}
}
@article{fds275010,
Author = {NC Feeny and EB Foa and KRH Treadwell and J March},
Title = {Posttraumatic stress disorder in youth: A critical review of
the cognitive and behavioral treatment outcome
literature},
Journal = {Professional Psychology: Research and Practice},
Volume = {35},
Number = {5},
Pages = {466-476},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0735-7028},
Abstract = {What treatments work for children who have posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD)? Perhaps more important, what else do
clinicians need to learn? In this article, the authors focus
on treatment research in the area of trauma and PTSD in
youth, in an attempt to highlight the clinical implications
of such work and to identify the areas in which additional
research is needed. Overall, there is emerging evidence that
a variety of cognitive and behavioral programs are effective
in treating youth with PTSD. In spite of such evidence,
additional research is needed to shore up the scientific
base for effective clinical practice with these youth.
Psychologists working with traumatized youth will find this
article a useful update on the state of evidence for
cognitive-behavioral interventions in the treatment of
PTSD.},
Doi = {10.1037/0735-7028.35.5.466},
Key = {fds275010}
}
@article{fds275011,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their
combination for children and adolescents with
obsessive-compulsive disorder: The pediatric OCD treatment
study (POTS) randomized controlled trial},
Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
Volume = {292},
Number = {16},
Pages = {1969-1976},
Year = {2004},
Abstract = {Content: The empirical literature on treatment of
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and
adolescents supports the efficacy of short-term OCD-specific
cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) or medical management with
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, little is
known about their relative and combined efficacy. Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of CBT alone and medical management
with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline
alone, or CBT and sertraline combined, as initial treatment
for children and adolescents with OCD. Design, Setting, and
Participants: The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study, a balanced,
masked randomized controlled trial conducted in 3 academic
centers in the United States and enrolling a volunteer
outpatient sample of 112 patients aged 7 through 17 years
with a primary Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosis of OCD and a Children's
Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) score of 16
or higher. Patients were recruited between September 1997
and December 2002. Interventions: Participants were randomly
assigned to receive CBT alone, sertraline alone, combined
CBT and sertraline, or pill placebo for 12 weeks. Main
Outcome Measures: Change in CY-BOCS score over 12 weeks as
rated by an independent evaluator masked to treatment
status; rate of clinical remission defined as a CY-BOCS
score less than or equal to 10. Results: Ninety-seven of 112
patients (87%) completed the full 12 weeks of treatment.
Intent-to-treat random regression analyses indicated a
statistically significant advantage for CBT alone (P=.003),
sertraline alone (P=.007), and combined treatment (P=.001)
compared with placebo. Combined treatment also proved
superior to CBT alone (P=.008) and to sertraline alone
(P=.006), which did not differ from each other. Site
differences emerged for CBT and sertraline but not for
combined treatment, suggesting that combined treatment is
less susceptible to setting-specific variations. The rate of
clinical remission for combined treatment was 53.6% (95%
confidence interval [CI], 36%-70%); for CBT alone, 39.3%
(95% CI, 24%-58%); for sertraline alone, 21.4% (95% CI,
10%-40%); and for placebo, 3.6% (95% CI, 0%-19%). The
remission rate for combined treatment did not differ from
that for CBT alone (P=.42) but did differ from sertraline
alone (P=.03) and from placebo (P<.001). CBT alone did
not differ from sertraline alone (P=.24) but did differ from
placebo (P=.002), whereas sertraline alone did not (P=.10).
The 3 active treatments proved acceptable and well
tolerated, with no evidence of treatment-emergent harm to
self or to others. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with
OCD should begin treatment with the combination of CBT plus
a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or CBT
alone.},
Doi = {10.1001/jama.292.16.1969},
Key = {fds275011}
}
@article{fds275013,
Author = {D Antonuccio and D Burns and A Rifkin and W Rifkin and BJ Carroll and JA
Bridge, DA Brent and JS March},
Title = {Adolescents with depression [1] (multiple
letters)},
Journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
Volume = {292},
Number = {21},
Pages = {2577-2579},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds275013}
}
@article{fds275065,
Author = {LL Greenhill and B Vitiello and P Fisher and J Levine and M Davies and H
Abikoff, AK Chrisman and S Chuang and RL Findling and J March and L
Scahill, J Walkup and MA Riddle},
Title = {Comparison of increasingly detailed elicitation methods for
the assessment of adverse events in pediatric
psychopharmacology},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {43},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1488-1496},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To improve the gathering of adverse events (AEs)
in pediatric psychopharmacology by examining the value and
acceptability of increasingly detailed elicitation methods.
Method: Trained clinicians administered the Safety
Monitoring Uniform Report Form (SMURF) to 59 parents and
outpatients (mean age ± SD = 11.9 ± 3.2 years) in
treatment, with 36% on stimulants, 29% on selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs, 10% on both, and 25% on
other drug combinations. The SMURF included a brief general
inquiry, a drug-specific inquiry, and a comprehensive body
system review (BSR). Results: SMURF administration took 24.6
± 13.9 minutes (median, 21). The BSR took 15.5 ± 8.1
minutes (median, 14) longer (p < .0001) than the general
inquiry (4.3 ± 5.4 minutes) and the drug-specific inquiry
(4.2 ± 2.9 minutes). The general inquiry elicited 48 AEs,
the drug-specific inquiry elicited 16 additional AEs, and
the BSR 129 additional AEs. Of all the clinically relevant
AEs elicited by the SMURF (n = 36), 19 (53%) were elicited
by the BSR. The BSR length and detail were acceptable to
parents but not to clinicians. Conclusions: The BSR elicited
additional clinically significant AEs that had been missed
with less detailed methods. Parents, but not clinicians,
rated satisfaction and acceptability of the BSR as good.
© 2004 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000142668.29191.13},
Key = {fds275065}
}
@article{fds275137,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and LL Greenhill and JS March and WJ Burke and BS
Vaughan},
Title = {The role of stimulants in the treatment of preschool
children with attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder.},
Journal = {CNS Drugs},
Volume = {18},
Number = {14},
Pages = {957-966},
Year = {2004},
ISSN = {1172-7047},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15584766},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity • Central
Nervous System Stimulants • Child, Preschool •
Clinical Trials as Topic • Humans • Practice
Guidelines as Topic • diagnosis • drug therapy*
• psychology • therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {The symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) can have an early onset, beginning before the age of
6 years. Despite the significant number of preschool-aged
children that can be diagnosed with ADHD, there are limited
controlled data available on the pharmacological
interventions being increasingly used in this population. A
1990 review showed that 34% of paediatricians and 15% of
family physicians had prescribed psychostimulant medications
to preschoolers with ADHD, and pharmacoepidemiological
studies indicate growing use of stimulants in preschoolers
during the 1990s. Unfortunately, only six controlled trials,
with a total enrollment of less than 200 children, have been
conducted using these drugs in preschoolers. While these
small studies provide some evidence of benefit from the use
of methylphenidate in preschoolers with ADHD, more data are
critically needed. Practice parameters developed by the
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and the
American Academy of Pediatrics provide some guidance
regarding the diagnosis and treatment of young children with
ADHD, but are mainly based upon research in children of
primary-school age. The ongoing PATS (Preschool ADHD
Treatment Study), funded by the National Institute of Mental
Health, will provide important clinical guidance for
diagnostic considerations and intervention strategies for
children with ADHD aged 3-5 years. Pending the release of
data from the PATS study, clinicians must rely on
developmental assessment skills, available standardised
rating instruments, reports about the child from multiple
informants, and knowledge of the risks and benefits of
available pharmacological and behavioural treatments, in
order to treat preschool children with ADHD
effectively.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275137}
}
@article{fds275113,
Author = {LL Greenhill and B Vitiello and MA Riddle and P Fisher and E Shockey and JS
March, J Levine and J Fried and H Abikoff and JM Zito and JT McCracken and RL Findling and J Robinson and TB Cooper and M Davies and E Varipatis and MJ Labellarte and L Scahill and JT Walkup and L Capasso and J
Rosengarten},
Title = {Review of safety assessment methods used in pediatric
psychopharmacology.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {627-633},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921469},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
• Child • Child, Preschool • Clinical Trials
as Topic* • Drug Therapy • Female • Humans
• Male • Pediatrics* • Psychopharmacology*
• Psychotropic Drugs • Quality Assurance, Health
Care • Safety • adverse effects* •
methods},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Elicitation is an essential and critical step in
ascertaining adverse events (AEs). This report reviews
elicitation methods used in published clinical trials of
psychopharmacological agents in children. METHOD: Pediatric
psychopharmacology reports were reviewed for safety methods
in the Medline database. Studies were included if they were
published 1980 or later, provided data on AEs, and described
the ascertainment methodology used for determining them.
RESULTS: A review of 196 pediatric psychopharmacology
articles depicting safety assessments in clinical studies
over the past 22 years revealed that there was no common
method used for eliciting or reporting AE data. CONCLUSION:
The current inconsistency in safety data ascertainment is a
major limitation that likely impairs the ability to promptly
and accurately identify drug-induced AEs. Research on how
best to standardize safety methods should be considered a
priority in pediatric psychopharmacology.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046841.56865.37},
Key = {fds275113}
}
@article{fds275124,
Author = {B Vitiello and MA Riddle and LL Greenhill and JS March and J Levine and RJ
Schachar, H Abikoff and JM Zito and JT McCracken and JT Walkup and RL
Findling, J Robinson and TB Cooper and M Davies and E Varipatis and MJ
Labellarte, L Scahill and L Capasso},
Title = {How can we improve the assessment of safety in child and
adolescent psychopharmacology?},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {634-641},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921470},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
• Child • Child, Preschool • Female •
Humans • Male • Psychopharmacology* •
Psychotropic Drugs • Randomized Controlled Trials as
Topic • adverse effects • standards*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify approaches to improving methods for
assessing tolerability and safety of psychotropic
medications in children and adolescents. METHOD: Strengths
and limitations of current methodology were reviewed and
possible alternatives examined. RESULTS: Research on the
validity of safety evaluation has been extremely limited. No
evidence-based "gold standard" exists. Clinical trials
remain the best design to establish causality, but sample
size limitations prevent the detection of infrequent, though
serious, adverse events. Other designs, such as cohort and
case-control studies, and approaches, such as mining of
large databases, must be considered. CONCLUSION: The current
lack of methodological standardization across studies
prevents generalizations and meta-analyses. Because the
issues relevant to drug safety are diverse, a variety of
methodological approaches and instruments are needed. It is,
however, possible to adopt standard basic definitions of
adverse events, degree of severity, ascertainment methods,
and recording procedures, as a common "core," to which more
specific assessment instruments can be added. Systematic
empirical testing and validation of safety methodology is
needed.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046840.90931.36},
Key = {fds275124}
}
@article{fds275135,
Author = {LL Greenhill and B Vitiello and H Abikoff and J Levine and JS March and MA
Riddle, L Capasso and TB Cooper and M Davies and P Fisher and RL
Findling, J Fried and MJ Labellarte and JT McCracken and D McMahon and J
Robinson, A Skrobala and L Scahill and E Varipatis and JT Walkup and JM Zito},
Title = {Developing methodologies for monitoring long-term safety of
psychotropic medications in children: report on the NIMH
conference, September 25, 2000.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {6},
Pages = {651-655},
Year = {2003},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921472},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Child, Preschool •
Clinical Trials as Topic • Congresses as Topic* •
Female • Humans • Long-Term Care* • Male
• National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) •
Psychopharmacology • Psychotropic Drugs • Research
Design* • Safety • United States • adverse
effects • methods • methods*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To improve the methods for long-term assessment
of drug-associated side effects and advance knowledge of the
safety profile of psychotropic medications in children and
adolescents. METHOD: A multidisciplinary, interactive
workshop was hosted by the National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH) and the Research Units on Pediatric
Psychopharmacology network. Participants were experts in
child and adolescent psychiatry, psychopharmacology,
pharmacoepidemiology, and statistics from academia, the
pharmaceutical industry, the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), and the NIMH. Evaluation of drug safety was examined
from five perspectives: research design and methods,
industry, regulatory requirements, bioethics, and practice
settings. For each of these areas, special emphasis was
placed on identifying barriers and generating solutions.
RESULTS: A major obstacle is the lack of standardization of
the methods used for collecting safety data. The limitations
of both randomized clinical trials and passive postmarketing
surveillance in assessing long-term safety were recognized.
The need to consider alternative approaches, such as
registries and trend analysis of population-based databases,
was highlighted. Recommendations were proposed together with
possible approaches to implementation. CONCLUSIONS: A
concerted effort by academic researchers, industry, FDA,
practitioners, and NIMH is needed to standardize methods and
lay the foundations for systematic research on the long-term
safety of psychotropic medications in children.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046842.56865.EC},
Key = {fds275135}
}
@article{fds275134,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Acute stress disorder in youth: a multivariate prediction
model.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {53},
Number = {9},
Pages = {809-816},
Year = {2003},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12725973},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Child, Preschool •
Humans • Models, Psychological* • Multivariate
Analysis • Predictive Value of Tests • Risk
Factors • Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute •
psychology*},
Abstract = {There is little empirical support for the diagnosis of acute
stress disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents. Most
reports treat ASD as "provisional posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD)" (meaning that children evidence ASD on the
way to a formal diagnosis of PTSD), while speculating on
factors that might moderate or mediate the transformation of
ASD into PTSD. This report briefly reviews the literature on
ASD in the context of presenting a testable, multivariate
model for understanding acute stress responses in
youth.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275134}
}
@article{fds275000,
Author = {EB Owens and SP Hinshaw and LE Arnold and DP Cantwell and G Elliott and L
Hechtman, PS Jensen and JH Newcorn and JB Severe and B Vitiello and E
al},
Title = {Which treatment for whom for ADHD? Moderators of treatment
response in the MTA},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {3},
Pages = {540-552},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {Using receiver operating characteristics, the authors
examined outcome predictors (variables associated with
outcome regardless of treatment) and moderators (variables
identifying subgroups with differential treatment
effectiveness) in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children
with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; MTA).
Treatment response was determined using parent- and
teacher-reported ADHD and oppositional defiant symptoms,
with levels near or within the normal range indicating
excellent response. Among 9 baseline child and family
characteristics, none predicted but 3 moderated treatment
response. In medication management and combined treatments,
parental depressive symptoms and severity of child ADHD were
associated with decreased rates of excellent response; when
these 2 characteristics were present, below-average child IQ
was an additional moderator. No predictors or moderators
emerged for behavioral and community comparison treatments.
The authors discuss conceptual and clinical implications of
research on treatment moderators.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.540},
Key = {fds275000}
}
@article{fds275001,
Author = {CA Galanter and GA Carlson and PS Jensen and LL Greenhill and M Davies and W Li and SZ Chuang and GR Elliott and LE Arnold and JS March and E
al},
Title = {Response to Methylphenidate in Children with Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Manic Symptoms in the
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Titration
Trial},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {13},
Number = {2},
Pages = {123-136},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
Abstract = {Objective: Recent reports raise concern that children with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and some
manic symptoms may worsen with stimulant treatment. This
study examines the response to methylphenidate in such
children. Methods: Data from children participating in the
1-month methylphenidate titration trial of the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD were reanalyzed by
dividing the sample into children with and without some
manic symptoms. Two "mania proxies" were constructed using
items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children
(DISC) or the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Treatment
response and side effects are compared between participants
with and without proxies. Results: Thirty-two (11%) and 29
(10%) participants fulfilled criteria for the CBCL mania
proxy and DISC mania proxy, respectively. Presence or
absence of either proxy did not predict a greater or lesser
response or side effects. Conclusion: Findings suggest that
children with ADHD and manic symptoms respond robustly to
methylphenidate during the first month of treatment and that
these children are not more likely to have an adverse
response to methylphenidate. Further research is needed to
explore how such children will respond during long-term
treatment. Clinicians should not a priori avoid stimulants
in children with ADHD and some manic symptoms.},
Key = {fds275001}
}
@article{fds275003,
Author = {LE Arnold and M Elliott and L Sachs and HC Kraemer and HB Abikoff and CK
Conners, LL Greenhill and SP Hinshaw and PS Jensen and E
al},
Title = {Effects of ethnicity on treatment attendance, stimulant
response/dose, and 14-month outcome in ADHD},
Journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
Volume = {71},
Number = {4},
Pages = {713-727},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0022-006X},
Abstract = {From the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - a randomized
clinical trial of 579 children ages 7-9 years receiving 14
months of medication management, behavioral treatment,
combination, or community care - the authors matched each
African American and Latino participant with randomly
selected Caucasian participants of same sex, treatment
group, and site. Although Caucasian children were
significantly less symptomatic than African American and
Latino children on some ratings, response to treatment did
not differ significantly by ethnicity after controlling for
public assistance. Ethnic minority families cooperated with
and benefited significantly from combination (multimodal)
treatment (d = 0.36. compared with medication). This
incremental gain withstood statistical control for mother's
education, single-parent status, and public assistance.
Treatment for lower socioeconomic status minority children,
especially if comorbid, should combine medication and
behavioral treatment.},
Doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.713},
Key = {fds275003}
}
@article{fds275063,
Author = {DG Kondo and AK Chrisman and JS March},
Title = {An evidence-based medicine approach to combined treatment
for ADHD in children and adolescents.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacol Bull},
Volume = {37},
Number = {3},
Pages = {7-23},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0048-5764},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14608237},
Abstract = {Psychiatrists need to update their skills to incorporate
advances in psychiatric practice and to do so "at the
bedside."To this end, evidence-based medicine (EBM), which
is widely used as an educational heuristic in other areas
medicine and has begun to make inroad in psychiatry training
programs, provides practical methods to access, evaluate,
and interpret the medical literature regarding disease
causation, prognosis, diagnostic tests, and treatment
strategies.With respect to treatment, EBM asserts the
primacy of randomized, controlled trials for demonstrating
efficacy, and, in some cases, the use of meta-analytic or
systematic literature reviews conducted according to
pre-specified criteria. Using the common clinical problem of
when and how to combine drug and psychosocial interventions
at the level of the individual patient, this article
illustrates the principles of EBM as they pertain to how
best to combine drug and psychosocial treatments for
children and adolescents with ADHD.},
Key = {fds275063}
}
@article{fds275067,
Author = {J March and S Silva and S Petrycki and J Curry and K Wells and J Fairbank and B Burns and M Domino and B Vitiello and J Severe and C Casat and J Kolker and N Feeny and R Findling and S Stull and S Baab and B Waslick and M Sweeney and L Kentgen and R Kandel and J Walkup and G Ginsburg and E Kastelik and H
Koo, C Kratochvil and D May and R LaGrone and M Harrington and AM
Albano, G Hirsch and T Knibbs and E Capili and M Reinecke and B
Leventhal, C Nageotte and G Rogers and S Pathak and F Sallee and E
Cottingham, J Wells and P Rohde and A Simons and J Grimm and K
Hadjiyannakis, E Weller and M Robins and R Weller and N Jessani and G
Emslie, B Kennard and C Hughes and M Ruberu and N Benazon and D
Rosenberg, M Butkus and M Bartoi and G Clarke and D Brent and G
Koch},
Title = {Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS):
Rationale, design, and methods},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {42},
Number = {5},
Pages = {531-542},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objectives: A rapidly growing empirical literature on the
treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth
supports the efficacy of short-term treatment with
depression-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy or
medication management with a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor. These studies also identify a substantial
probability of partial response and of relapse, which might
be addressed by more intensive, longer-term treatments.
Method: Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health,
the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS)
is a multicenter, randomized, masked effectiveness trial
designed to evaluate the short-term (12-week) and long-term
(36-week) effectiveness of four treatments for adolescents
with MDD: fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, their
combination, and, acutely, pill placebo. A volunteer sample
of 432 subjects aged 12-17 years (inclusive) with a primary
DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD who are broadly representative of
patients seen in clinical practice will enter the study. The
primary dependent measures rated blindly by an independent
evaluator are the Children's Depression Rating Scale and,
for responder analysis, a dichotomized Clinical Global
Impressions- Improvement score. Consistent with an
intent-to-treat analysis, all patients, regardless of
treatment status, return for all scheduled assessments.
Results: This report describes the design of the trial, the
rationale for the design choices made, and the methods used
to carry out the trial. Conclusion: When completed, TADS
will improve our understanding of how best to initiate
treatment for adolescents with MDD.},
Doi = {10.1097/01.CHI.0000046839.90931.0D},
Key = {fds275067}
}
@article{fds275076,
Author = {L Amaya-Jackson and V Reynolds and MC Murray and G McCarthy and A
Nelson, MS Cherney and R Lee and E Foa and JS March},
Title = {Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Pediatric Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder: Protocol and Application in School and
Community Settings},
Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},
Volume = {10},
Number = {3},
Pages = {204-213},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {This paper describes a multimodality trauma treatment
protocol (MMTT) for children and adolescents with PTSD.
Based upon empirically validated cognitive-behavioral
methods of treating PTSD in adults and anxiety and
aggression in children, MMTT was developed as a group
intervention administered in schools to treat children and
adolescents exposed to single-incident trauma resulting in
PTSD. In this paper, the protocol development and outcome
data are described, followed by a detailed overview of the
protocol. Attention is given to clinical implications for
both school and community mental health center application
of the protocol.},
Doi = {10.1016/S1077-7229(03)80032-9},
Key = {fds275076}
}
@article{fds275087,
Author = {P Barrett and L Healy and JS March},
Title = {Behavioral avoidance test for childhood obsessive-compulsive
disorder: A home-based observation},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychotherapy},
Volume = {57},
Number = {1},
Pages = {80-100},
Year = {2003},
Abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most
debilitating of the anxiety disorders. As our knowledge
about this childhood condition continues to grow, there is a
need for controlled treatment-outcome trials with precise
assessments that are sensitive to treatment change, to guide
the development of effective interventions. To evaluate the
efficacy of a treatment protocol, it is necessary to have
reliable and sensitive measures of OCD symptoms, including
measures of obsessions, compulsions, and related levels of
distress and avoidance. Whilst structured diagnostic
interviews, semistructured clinical interviews, and
self-report measures have been widely used in the assessment
of childhood OCD, related levels of behavioral distress and
avoidance have not been measured in treatment-outcome
trials. This study investigated the sensitivity of a
behavioral avoidance test (BAT), conducted in the home
environment, in assessing treatment-outcome effects for
children and adolescents with OCD following a 14-week
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) family intervention, in
comparison to children in an 8-week "waitlist" control
group. The results of the current study strongly support the
sensitivity of a standardized BAT in assessing
treatment-related changes in children and adolescents with
OCD. Implications and future directions for research are
discussed.},
Key = {fds275087}
}
@article{fds275127,
Author = {M Franklin and E Foa and JS March},
Title = {The pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder treatment study:
rationale, design, and methods.},
Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {13 Suppl 1},
Pages = {S39-S51},
Year = {2003},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12880499},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Child • Data Interpretation,
Statistical • Humans • Multicenter Studies as
Topic • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder •
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales • Quality Assurance,
Health Care • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Research Design • drug therapy • psychology
• therapy*},
Abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a prevalence
of 1 in 200 in children and adolescents, carries with it
significant functional morbidity. A growing empirical
literature supports the efficacy of short-term treatment
with OCD-specific cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) or
medication management with a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor. These and other studies also identify a
substantial probability of partial response and, possibly,
differences in durability when treatment is discontinued
between medication and CBT. The Pediatric OCD Treatment
Study is a multicenter, randomized, masked clinical trial
designed to evaluate the relative benefit and durability of
four treatments for children and adolescents with OCD:
sertraline, CBT, combination of sertraline and CBT, and pill
placebo. Stage 1 (12 weeks) is a balanced randomized
comparison of these four treatments. Responders at the end
of stage 1 advance to 4 months of open follow-up in their
assigned arm during which all treatment is discontinued. At
the end of stage 2 (if not before), nonresponders to any
treatment at the end of stage 1, any patient relapsing in
stage 2, and all stage 1 placebo patients receive open
treatment that is tailored to the patient's needs. A
volunteer sample of 120 subjects between the ages of 7 and
17 inclusive with a primary Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) diagnosis of OCD
enters the study. All patients, regardless of responder
status, return for all scheduled assessments. This report
describes the design of the trial, the rationale for the
design choices made, and the methods used to carry out the
trial.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1089/104454603322126331},
Key = {fds275127}
}
@article{fds275154,
Author = {EJ Costello and DS Pine and C Hammen and JS March and PM Plotsky and MM
Weissman, J Biederman and HH Goldsmith and J Kaufman and PM
Lewinsohn, M Hellander and K Hoagwood and DS Koretz and CA Nelson and JF Leckman},
Title = {Development and natural history of mood disorders.},
Journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
Volume = {52},
Number = {6},
Pages = {529-542},
Year = {2002},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0006-3223},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12361667},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Age Factors • Child •
Evidence-Based Medicine • Humans • Mood Disorders
• National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) •
Practice Guidelines as Topic • Research •
Treatment Outcome • United States • diagnosis
• economics • education • epidemiology*
• therapy • trends*},
Abstract = {To expand and accelerate research on mood disorders, the
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) developed a
project to formulate a strategic research plan for mood
disorder research. One of the areas selected for review
concerns the development and natural history of these
disorders. The NIMH convened a multidisciplinary Workgroup
of scientists to review the field and the NIMH portfolio and
to generate specific recommendations. To encourage a
balanced and creative set of proposals, experts were
included within and outside this area of research, as well
as public stakeholders. The Workgroup identified the need
for expanded knowledge of mood disorders in children and
adolescents, noting important gaps in understanding the
onset, course, and recurrence of early-onset unipolar and
bipolar disorder. Recommendations included the need for a
multidisciplinary research initiative on the pathogenesis of
unipolar depression encompassing genetic and environmental
risk and protective factors. Specifically, we encourage the
NIMH to convene a panel of experts and advocates to review
the findings concerning children at high risk for unipolar
depression. Joint analyses of existing data sets should
examine specific risk factors to refine models of
pathogenesis in preparation for the next era of
multidisciplinary research. Other priority areas include the
need to assess the long-term impact of successful treatment
of juvenile depression and known precursors of depression,
in particular, childhood anxiety disorders. Expanded
knowledge of pediatric-onset bipolar disorder was identified
as a particularly pressing issue because of the severity of
the disorder, the controversies surrounding its diagnosis
and treatment, and the possibility that widespread use of
psychotropic medications in vulnerable children may
precipitate the condition. The Workgroup recommends that the
NIMH establish a collaborative multisite multidisciplinary
Network of Research Programs on Pediatric-Onset Bipolar
Disorder to achieve a better understanding of its causes,
course, treatment, and prevention. The NIMH should develop a
capacity-building plan to ensure the availability of trained
investigators in the child and adolescent field. Mood
disorders are among the most prevalent, recurrent, and
disabling of all illnesses. They are often disorders of
early onset. Although the NIMH has made important strides in
mood disorders research, more data, beginning with at-risk
infants, children, and adolescents, are needed concerning
the etiology and developmental course of these disorders. A
diverse program of multidisciplinary research is recommended
to reduce the burden on children and families affected with
these conditions.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275154}
}
@article{fds275104,
Author = {H Abikoff and LE Arnold and JH Newcorn and GR Elliott and L Hechtman and JB
Severe, T Wigal and C Shapiro and DP Cantwell and CK Conners and LL
Greenhill, SP Hinshaw and B Hoza and PS Jensen and HC Kraemer and JS
March, WE Pelham and JM Swanson and B Vitiello and KC
Wells},
Title = {Emergency/Adjunct services and attrition prevention for
randomized clinical trials in children: the MTA manual-based
solution.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {41},
Number = {5},
Pages = {498-504},
Year = {2002},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12014781},
Keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity •
Behavior Therapy • Bias (Epidemiology) • Central
Nervous System Stimulants • Child • Combined
Modality Therapy • Emergency Services, Psychiatric*
• Female • Guidelines as Topic* • Humans
• Male • Multicenter Studies as Topic •
Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) • Patient
Dropouts • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic •
Referral and Consultation* • statistics & numerical
data* • therapeutic use • therapy*},
Abstract = {Treatment studies in child and adolescent psychiatry are
increasingly characterized by long-term, multisite,
randomized clinical trials (RCTs). During the course of
these RCTs it is common for clinical exigencies to emerge
that require rapid, direct intervention. The challenge is to
provide clinically appropriate responses that do not
contaminate the delivery, distinctness, and interpretation
of the treatments under investigation. In multisite studies,
the problem is compounded by the need to minimize cross-site
differences in the delivery of adjunct treatments. Such
minimization requires fully operationalized and manual-based
procedures for clinically mandated intervention. The NIMH
Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)--"the MTA"--is a long-term multisite collaborative
study in which children with ADHD were randomly assigned to
either medication management, behavioral treatment, the
combination, or community-comparison assessment and
referral. In designing its study, the MTA developed a
manual-based set of procedures (the MTA Adjunct Services and
Attrition Prevention [ASAP] Manual) for situations not
covered by the protocol treatments. The majority of cases
requiring adjunct services fell into two major categories:
(1) crisis/emergent situations and (2) imminent risk of
attrition. This report describes the ASAP guidelines for
dealing with cases that required adjunct services that the
MTA Steering Committee adopted before initiating the trial.
Although the manual-based guidelines are especially
applicable to multisite RCTs, many of the procedures in the
ASAP Manual can apply to any treatment study in
children.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200205000-00006},
Key = {fds275104}
}
@article{fds274997,
Author = {R Rieppi and LL Greenhill and RE Ford and S Chuang and M Wu and M Davies and HB Abikoff and LE Arnold and CK Conners and GR Elliott and E
al},
Title = {Socioeconomic Status as a Moderator of ADHD Treatment
Outcomes},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {41},
Number = {3},
Pages = {269-277},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {Objective: To explore whether socioeconomic status (SES)
variables moderate treatment response of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to
medication management (MedMgt), behavioral treatment (Beh),
combined intervention (Comb), and routine community care
(CC). Method: The MTA Cooperative Group's intent-to-treat
(ITT) analyses were repeated, covarying for composite
Hollingshead SES, education, occupation, income, and marital
status. Results: Individual SES variables were more
informative than the composite Hollingshead Index. Treatment
response of children from less educated households
paralleled ITT outcomes: no significant difference was found
between Comb and MedMgt (both better than Beh and CC) for
core ADHD symptoms. However, children from more educated
families showed superior reduction of ADHD symptoms with
Comb. For oppositional-aggressive symptoms, children from
blue-collar, lower SES households benefited most from Comb,
whereas those from white-collar, higher SES homes generally
showed no differential treatment response. Household income
and marital status failed to influence outcomes. Controlling
for treatment attendance attenuated the moderating effects
of the SES variables only for MedMgt. Conclusions:
Investigators are encouraged to use independent SES
variables for maximal explanation of SES effects. Clinicians
should prioritize target symptoms and consider the mediating
role of treatment adherence when determining an ADHD
patient's optimal intervention plan.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200203000-00006},
Key = {fds274997}
}
@article{fds274998,
Author = {HB Abikoff and PS Jensen and LLE Arnold and B Hoza and L Hechtman and S
Pollack, D Martin and J Alvir and JS March and S Hinshaw and E
al},
Title = {Observed classroom behavior of children with ADHD:
Relationship to gender and comorbidity},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {349-359},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {Examined hypothesized gender and comorbidity differences in
the observed classroom behavior of children with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The behavior of 403
boys and 99 girls with ADHD, ages 7-10, was compared (a) to
observed, sex-specific classroom behavior norms, (b) by sex,
and (c) by comorbid subgroups. Boys and girls with ADHD
deviated significantly from classroom norms on 15/16 and
13/16 categories, respectively. Compared to comparison
girls, girls with ADHD had relatively high rates of verbal
aggression to children. Boys with ADHD engaged in more
rule-breaking and externalizing behaviors than did girls
with ADHD, but the sexes did not differ on more "neutral,"
unobtrusive behaviors. The sex differences are consistent
with notions of why girls with ADHD are identified and
referred later than boys. Contrary to hypothesis, the
presence of comorbid anxiety disorder (ANX) was not
associated with behavioral suppression; yet, as
hypothesized, children with a comorbid disruptive behavior
disorder (DBD) had higher rates of rule-breaking, and
impulsive and aggressive behavior, than did children with
ADHD alone and those with ADHD+ANX. Elevated rates of ADHD
behaviors were also observed in children with comorbid DBD,
indicating that these behaviors are truly present and
suggesting that reports of higher ADHD ratings in this
subgroup are not simply a consequence of negative halo
effects and rater biases.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1015713807297},
Key = {fds274998}
}
@article{fds274999,
Author = {JM Swanson and LE Arnold and B Vitiello and HB Abikoff and KC Wells and WE
Pelham, JS March and SP Hinshaw and B Hoza and JN Epstein and E
al},
Title = {Response to commentary on the multimodal treatment study of
ADHD (MTA): Mining the meaning of the MTA},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {30},
Number = {4},
Pages = {327-332},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
Abstract = {In the December 2000 issue of the Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, we published a set of papers presenting
secondary analyses of the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD
(MTA), and R. A. Barkley (2000) provided a commentary. A
critique of the design of the study (MTA Cooperative Group,
1999) was presented based on a theoretical perspective of a
"behavioral inhibition" deficit that has been hypothesized
as the core deficit of ADHD (R. A. Barkley, 1997). The
commentary questioned the design and analysis of the MTA in
terms of (1) the empirical criteria for selection of
components of behavioral (Beh) intervention, (2) the
effectiveness of the Beh intervention, (3) the methods for
analyses at the group and individual level, (4) implications
of the MTA findings for clinical practice, (5) the role of
genetics in response to treatment, and (6) the lack of a
nontreatment control group. In this response, we relate the
content of the papers to the commentary, (1) by reviewing
the selection criteria for the Beh treatment, as outlined by
K. C. Wells, W. E. Pelham, et al. (2000), (2) by addressing
the myth that the MTA Beh treatment was ineffective (Pelham,
1999), (3) by describing the use of analyses at the level of
the individual participant, as presented by J. S. March et
al. (2000) and W. E. Pelham et al. (2000) as well as
elsewhere by J. M. Swanson et al. (2001) and C. K. Conners
et al. (2001), (4) by relating some of the suggestions from
the secondary analyses about clinically relevant factors
such as comorbidity (as presented by J. S. March et al.,
2000) and family and parental characteristics (as presented
by B. Hoza et al., 2000, S. P. Hinshaw et al., 2000, and K.
C. Wells, J. N. Epstein, et al., 2000), (5) by discussing
the statistical concept of heritability and the lack of a
significant difference in the presence of ADHD symptoms in
parents of the MTA families compared to parents in the
classmate-control families (as presented by J. N. Epstein,
et al., 2000), and (6) by acknowledging that an ethically
necessary weakness of the MTA design is that it did not
include a no-treatment control group. We discuss the use of
secondary analyses to suggest how, when, and for what
subgroups effectiveness of the Beh treatment may have been
manifested. Finally, we invite others to use the large and
rich data set that will soon be available in the public
domain, to perform secondary analyses to mine the meaning of
the MTA and to evaluate theories of ADHD and response to
treatments.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1015709706388},
Key = {fds274999}
}
@article{fds275084,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Combining medication and psychosocial treatments: An
evidence-based medicine approach},
Journal = {International Review of Psychiatry},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155-163},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {In a perfectly evidence-based world, selecting an
appropriate treatment regimen for the anxious child from
among the many possible options would be reasonably
straightforward. In the complex world of clinical practice,
choices are rarely so clear-cut. Many experts recommend the
combination of medication and psychosocial treatment as
offering the best chance of normalization. Despite a lack of
supporting evidence, valid reasons for combining treatment
include the presence of comorbidity and the propensity of
single treatments to yield partial response. Within the
conceptual framework of evidence-based medicine (EBM), this
article provides a conceptual framework for how to combine
drug and psychosocial treatments at the level of the
individual patient.},
Doi = {10.1080/09540260220132671},
Key = {fds275084}
}
@article{fds275085,
Author = {CJ Kratochvil and MJ Harrington and WJ Burke and JS
March},
Title = {Pharmacotherapy of childhood anxiety disorders.},
Journal = {Current psychiatry reports},
Volume = {4},
Number = {4},
Pages = {264-269},
Year = {2002},
Abstract = {Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric
disorders of childhood, yet limited data is available
regarding the use of psychotropic medications for these
conditions. Until recently, much of the data on the
pharmacologic treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders has
consisted of case reports and small open-label studies, with
the exception of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD), which has had a comparatively rich literature
consisting of several double blind trials. This void has
been lessening, however, with four double blind,
placebo-controlled studies published in the past year alone.
Although the majority of pharmacologic studies of pediatric
anxiety continue to focus on the treatment of OCD,
additional reports on treatment of generalized anxiety
disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and
separation anxiety disorder have recently been published.
This article will review significant pharmacologic studies
published in the prior year, and the role of pharmacotherapy
in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders.},
Key = {fds275085}
}
@article{fds275086,
Author = {J Walkup and H Abikoff and S Hack and B Klee and RL Bergman and D Lynn and J
McCracken, J March and P Gammon and J Robinson and E
al},
Title = {Treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders: An open-label
extension of the research units on pediatric
psychopharmacology anxiety study},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {12},
Number = {3},
Pages = {175-188},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
Abstract = {Background: An 8-week placebo-controlled study, the Research
Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study,
documented beneficial effects of fluvoxamine in the
treatment of pediatric social anxiety, separation anxiety,
or generalized anxiety disorders. Following completion of
this study, participants were invited to enter a 6-month
open-label treatment phase designed to examine three issues:
(a) long-term maintenance of response in fluvoxamine
responders, (b) acute response to fluoxetine in fluvoxamine
nonresponders, and (c) acute response to fluvoxamine in
placebo nonresponders. Methods: Participants aged 6-17 years
meeting criteria for social anxiety, separation anxiety, or
generalized anxiety disorders previously treated in an
8-week placebo-controlled trial (n = 128) were offered open
treatment. Changes in symptoms of anxiety during open
treatment were assessed in three groups: (a) fluvoxamine
responders maintained on fluvoxamine, (b) fluvoxamine
nonresponders changed to fluoxetine, and (c) placebo
nonresponders changed to fluvoxamine. Response was defined
based on Clinical Global Impression criteria. Results:
During 6 months of continued open treatment, anxiety
symptoms remained low in 33 of 35 (94%) subjects who
initially responded to fluvoxamine. Among 14 fluvoxamine
nonresponders switched to fluoxetine, anxiety symptoms
appeared significantly improved in 10 (71%) subjects.
Finally, among 48 placebo nonresponders, 27 (56%) showed
clinically significant improvement in anxiety on
fluvoxamine. Conclusion: The current findings concerning
extended treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders are only
preliminary, because treatment was uncontrolled. Results
suggest that an initial fluvoxamine response is likely to be
retained with continued treatment, that some fluvoxamine
nonresponders may respond to fluoxetine, and that some
placebo nonresponders may respond to fluvoxamine.},
Key = {fds275086}
}
@article{fds275163,
Author = {L Giulino and P Gammon and K Sullivan and M Franklin and E Foa and R Maid and JS March},
Title = {Is parental report of upper respiratory infection at the
onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder suggestive of
pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated
with streptococcal infection?},
Journal = {J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {12},
Number = {2},
Pages = {157-164},
Year = {2002},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12188984},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Autoimmune Diseases • Caregivers*
• Chi-Square Distribution • Child • Female
• Humans • Male • Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder • Parents • Respiratory Tract Infections
• Retrospective Studies • Streptococcal Infections
• Streptococcus pyogenes* • complications* •
diagnosis},
Abstract = {The diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric
disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS)
requires a prospectively determined association between
group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection and
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorder.
Screening for GABHS infection imposes a significant burden
on both patient and clinician. To heighten the index of
suspicion for PANDAS, it would be useful to know if
parent-reported upper respiratory infection (URI) is
associated with PANDAS symptoms or associated
characteristics. Eighty-three consecutive, clinically
referred patients aged 6 to 17 years with a primary
diagnosis of OCD and their primary caregivers were asked
about URI signs and symptoms at the time of OCD onset,
PANDAS symptoms, OCD and tic symptoms, comorbidity, and
putative PANDAS risk factors. Specific inquiry regarding URI
symptoms proved more informative than general inquiry. In
the URI present versus URI absent group, more patients
experienced a sudden rather than insidious onset of
symptoms. Additionally, more patients with a URI plus sudden
onset exhibited a comorbid tic disorder. Until validated
biomarkers permit retrospective diagnosis, a history that
OCD began around the time of a URI should clue the clinician
to look prospectively for PANDAS. Additional research is
required to define the boundaries of PANDAS and to develop
psychometrically reliable and valid diagnostic
strategies.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1089/104454602760219199},
Key = {fds275163}
}
@article{fds275146,
Author = {JS March and B Vitiello},
Title = {Advances in paediatric neuropsychopharmacology: an
overview.},
Journal = {Int J Neuropsychopharmacol},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {141-147},
Year = {2001},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1461-1457},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11466164},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Autoimmunity • Child •
Depressive Disorder, Major • Humans • Mental
Disorders • National Institutes of Health (U.S.) •
Neuropharmacology • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Panic Disorder • Pediatrics •
Psychopharmacology • Psychotropic Drugs • Sleep
Disorders • Streptococcal Infections • United
States • drug therapy • drug therapy* •
immunology • microbiology • psychology •
therapeutic use* • trends*},
Abstract = {This Special Section of Int J Neuropsychopharmacol
highlights current progress in paediatric
neuropsychopharmacology. Combining critical reviews and, in
some cases, new data, specific topics include: biological
findings in major depression, sleep dysregulation in
depressed youth, cardiovascular and ventilatory
dysregulation in panic disorder, paediatric autoimmune
neuropsychiatric disorder associated with strep (PANDAS),
age of onset as a subtype marker in tic and
obsessive--compulsive disorders (OCD), functional and
pharmaconeuroanatomy of OCD and the behavioural
pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate. In this introductory
section, these articles are placed in the context of the
state-of-the field and, more specifically, within the
framework of recent NIMH initiatives in paediatric
neuropsychopharmacology.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1017/S1461145701002346},
Key = {fds275146}
}
@article{fds275064,
Author = {SN Compton and PJ Grant and AK Chrisman and PJ Gammon and VL Brown and JS March},
Title = {Sertraline in children and adolescents with social anxiety
disorder: an open trial.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {5},
Pages = {564-571},
Year = {2001},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349701},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this open-label study was to assess
the therapeutic benefits, response pattern, and safety of
sertraline in children with social anxiety disorder. METHOD:
Fourteen outpatient subjects with a primary Axis I diagnosis
of social anxiety disorder were treated in an 8-week open
trial of sertraline. Diagnostic and primary outcome measures
included the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for
Children, Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI), Social
Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children, and a
standardized behavioral avoidance test. RESULTS: As measured
by the CGI (Improvement subscale), 36% (5/14) of subjects
were classified as treatment responders and 29% (4/14) as
partial responders by the end of the 8-week trial. A
significant clinical response appeared by week 6.
Self-report and behavioral measures showed significant
clinical improvement into normal range across all domains
measured. The mean dose of sertraline was 123.21+/-37.29 mg
per day. Sertraline was generally well tolerated.
CONCLUSION: In open treatment, sertraline resulted in
significant improvement in symptoms of childhood social
anxiety disorder. Absolute response rates varied depending
on rating scales used. Findings from this study are
sufficiently strong to warrant a future multisite,
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of
sertraline for treatment of childhood social anxiety
disorder.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200105000-00016},
Key = {fds275064}
}
@article{fds275168,
Author = {JS March and M Franklin and A Nelson and E Foa},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder.},
Journal = {J Clin Child Psychol},
Volume = {30},
Number = {1},
Pages = {8-18},
Year = {2001},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0047-228X},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294080},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Behavior Therapy • Child •
Cognitive Therapy • Conditioning, Operant •
Extinction, Psychological • Humans •
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Prognosis • Risk
Factors • Treatment Outcome • diagnosis •
methods* • psychology • therapy*},
Abstract = {Discusses the cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for
pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Over the past
15 years, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy has emerged as
the psychosocial treatment of choice for OCD across
lifespan. Unlike other psychotherapies that have been
applied usually unsuccessfully to OCD, cognitive-behavioral
treatment (CBT) presents a logically consistent and
compelling relationship between the disorder, the treatment,
and the specified outcome. Nevertheless, despite a consensus
that CBT is usually helpful, clinicians routinely complain
that patients will not comply with behavioral treatments and
parents routinely complain that clinicians are poorly
trained in CBT, with the result that many if not most
children and adolescents are denied access to effective
psychosocial treatment. This unfortunate situation may be
avoidable, given an increased understanding regarding the
implementation of CBT in children and adolescents with OCD.
To this end, we review the principles and the practical
aspects of the cognitive-behavioral treatment of OCD in
youth, move on to discuss empirical studies supporting the
use of CBT in the pediatric age group, and conclude by
discussing directions for future research.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_3},
Key = {fds275168}
}
@article{fds275074,
Author = {CK Conners and JN Epstein and JS March and A Angold and KC Wells and J
Klaric, JM Swanson and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and GR Elliott and LL
Greenhill, L Hechtman and SP Hinshaw and B Hoza and PS Jensen and HC
Kraemer, JH Newcorn and WE Pelham and JB Severe and B Vitiello and T
Wigal},
Title = {Multimodal treatment of ADHD in the MTA: an alternative
outcome analysis.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {159-167},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11211364},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a post hoc investigation of the
utility of a single composite measure of treatment outcome
for the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA) at 14 months postbaseline. BACKGROUND:
Examination of multiple measures one at a time in the main
MTA intent-to-treat outcome analyses failed to detect a
statistically significant advantage of combined treatment
(Comb) over medication management (MedMgt). A measure that
increases power and precision using a single outcome score
may be a useful alternative to multiple outcome measures.
METHOD: Factor analysis of baseline scores yielded two
"source factors" (parent and teacher) and one "instrument
factor" (parent-child interactions). A composite score was
created from the average of standardized parent and teacher
measures. RESULTS: The composite was internally consistent
(alpha = .83), reliable (test-retest over 3 months = 0.86),
and correlated 0.61 with clinician global judgments. In an
intent-to-treat analysis, Comb was statistically
significantly better than all other treatments, with effect
sizes ranging from small (0.28) versus MedMgt, to moderately
large (0.70) versus a community comparison group.
CONCLUSIONS: A composite of ADHD variables may be an
important tool in future treatment trials with ADHD and may
avoid some of the statistical limitations of multiple
measures.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200102000-00010},
Key = {fds275074}
}
@article{fds275088,
Author = {ED Levin and CK Conners and D Silva and W Canu and J
March},
Title = {Effects of chronic nicotine and methylphenidate in adults
with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
Journal = {Exp Clin Psychopharmacol},
Volume = {9},
Number = {1},
Pages = {83-90},
Year = {2001},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {1064-1297},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11519638},
Abstract = {Acute nicotine treatment has been found to reduce symptoms
of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults (E. D.
Levin, C. K. Conners, et al., 1996). In this study, chronic
nicotine effects were compared with placebo and
methylphenidate. Acute and chronic nicotine treatment
significantly attenuated the rise in hit reaction time
standard error over session blocks on the Conners Continuous
Performance Test (C. K. Conners et al., 1996). Acute
nicotine significantly reduced severity of clinical symptoms
on the Clinical Global Impressions scale (National Institute
of Mental Health, 1985). Nicotine caused a significant
decrease in self-report of depressive mood as measured by
the Profile of Mood States test (D. M. McNair, M. Lorr, & L.
F. Droppleman, 1981). This small study (40 participants)
provided evidence that nicotine treatment can reduce
severity of attentional deficit symptoms and produce
improvement on an objective computerized attention
task.},
Key = {fds275088}
}
@article{fds138665,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Sahoo T, Goenaga-Diaz E, Serebreiiskii IG, Thomas JW, Kotova
E, Cuellar JG, Peloquin JM, Golemis E, Beitinjaneh F, Green
ED, Johnson EW, and Marchuk DA. Computational and
experimental analyses reveal previously undetected coding
exons of the KRIT1 (CCM1) gene. Genomics, 71:123-126,
2001.},
Year = {2001},
Key = {fds138665}
}
@article{fds274990,
Author = {ME Franklin and DF Tolin and JS March and EB Foa},
Title = {Treatment of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case
example of intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy involving
exposure and ritual prevention},
Journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {297-304},
Year = {2001},
Abstract = {The development of effective pharmacotherapies for pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has improved the
clinical prognosis for children and adolescents who suffer
from the disorder. Recent pilot work has also suggested that
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) involving exposure and
ritual prevention (EX/RP) may prove particularly helpful in
ameliorating OCD symptoms in children and adolescents. The
application of intensive CBT of a 12-year-old boy with
severe and unusual OCD symptoms is illustrated here. Case
material is presented, illustrating the design and
implementation of CBT involving EX/RP; recommendations to
guide clinical decision making regarding session frequency,
concomitant medication use, and maintenance of treatment
gains are provided. Copyright © 2001 by Association for
Advancement of Behavior.},
Key = {fds274990}
}
@article{fds274991,
Author = {PS Jensen and SP Hinshaw and JM Swanson and LL Greenhill and CK Conners and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and G Elliott and L Hechtman and E
al},
Title = {Findings from the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD
(MTA): Implications and applications for primary care
providers},
Journal = {Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {60-73},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0196-206X},
Abstract = {In 1992, the National Institute of Mental Health and 6 teams
of investigators began a multisite clinical trial, the
Multimodal Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA) study. Five hundred seventy-nine children
were randomly assigned to either routine community care (CC)
or one of three study-delivered treatments, all lasting 14
months. The three MTA treatments-monthly medication
management (usually methylphenidate) following weekly
titration (MedMgt), intensive behavioral treatment (Beh),
and the combination (Comb)-were designed to reflect known
best practices within each treatment approach. Children were
assessed at four time points in multiple outcome. Results
indicated that Comb and MedMgt interventions were
substantially superior to Beh and CC interventions for
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. For other
functioning domains (social skills, academics, parent-child
relations, oppositional behavior, anxiety/depression),
results suggested slight advantages of Comb over single
treatments (MedMgt, Beh) and community care. High quality
medication treatment characterized by careful yet adequate
dosing, three times daily methylphenidate administration,
monthly follow-up visits, and communication with schools
conveyed substantial benefits to those children that
received it. In contrast to the overall study findings that
showed the largest benefits for high quality medication
management (regardless of whether given in the MedMgt or
Comb group), secondary analyses revealed that Comb had a
significant incremental effect over MedMgt (with a small
effect size for this comparison) when categorical indicators
of excellent response and when composite outcome measures
were used. In addition, children with parent-defined
comorbid anxiety disorders, particularly those with
overlapping disruptive disorder comorbidities, showed
preferential benefits to the Beh and Comb interventions.
Parental attitudes and disciplinary practices appeared to
mediate improved response to the Beh and Comb
interventions.},
Key = {fds274991}
}
@article{fds274992,
Author = {LL Greenhill and JM Swanson and B Vitiello and M Davies and W Clevenger and M Wu and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and OG Bukstein and CK Conners and E
al},
Title = {Impairment and deportment responses to different
methylphenidate doses in children with ADHD: The MTA
titration trial},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {180-187},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: Results of the NIMH Collaborative Multisite
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) were analyzed to
determine whether a double-blind, placebo-controlled
methylphenidate (MPH) titration trial identified the best
MPH dose for each child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Method: Children with ADHD assigned to MTA
medication treatment groups (n = 289) underwent a controlled
28-day titration protocol that administered different MPH
doses (placebo, low, middle, and high) on successive days.
Results: A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed
main effects for MPH dose with greater effects on teacher
ratings of impairment and deportment (F 3 = 100.6, n = 223,
p = .0001; effect sizes 0.8-1.3) than on parent ratings of
similar endpoints (F 3 = 55.61, n = 253, p = .00001; effect
sizes 0.4-0.6). Dose did not interact with period, dose
order, comorbid diagnosis, site, or treatment group.
Conclusions: The MTA titration protocol validated the
efficacy of weekend MPH dosing and established a total daily
dose limit of 35 mg of MPH for children weighing less than
25 kg. It replicated previously reported MPH response rates
(77%), distribution of best doses (10-50 mg/day) across
subjects, effect sizes on impairment and deportment, as well
as dose-related adverse events.},
Key = {fds274992}
}
@article{fds274993,
Author = {B Vitiello and JB Severe and LL Greenhill and LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and OG Bukstein and GR Elliott and L Hechtman and PS Jensen and E
al},
Title = {Methylphenidate dosage for children with ADHD over time
under controlled conditions: Lessons from the
MTA},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {188-196},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objectives: To examine the trajectory of methylphenidate
(MPH) dosage over time, following a controlled titration,
and to ascertain how accurately the titration was able to
predict effective long-term treatment in children with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method:
Using the 14-month-treatment database of the NIMH
Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(MTA), the outcome of the initial placebo-controlled,
double-blind, randomized daily switch titration of MPH was
compared with the subsequent maintenance pharmacotherapy.
Children received monthly monitoring visits and, when
needed, medication adjustments. Results: Of the 198 children
for whom MPH was the optimal treatment at titration (mean
± SD dose: 30.5 ± 14.2 mg/day), 88% were still taking
MPH at the end of maintenance (mean dose 34.4 ± 13.3
mg/day), Titration-determined dose and end-of-maintenance
dose were significantly correlated (r = 0.52-0.68). Children
receiving combined pharmacotherapy and behavioral treatment
ended maintenance on a lower dose (31.1 ± 11.7 mg/day)
than did children receiving pharmacotherapy only (38,1 ±
14.2 mg/day). Of the 230 children for whom titration
identified an optimal treatment, 17% continued both the
assigned medication and dosage throughout maintenance. The
mean number of pharmacological changes per child was 2.8
± 1.8 (SD), and time to first change was 4.7 months ±
0.3 (SE). Conclusions: For most children, initial titration
found a dose of MPH in the general range of the effective
maintenance dose, but did not prevent the need for
subsequent maintenance adjustments. For optimal
pharmacological treatment of ADHD, both careful initial
titration and ongoing medication management are
needed.},
Key = {fds274993}
}
@article{fds274994,
Author = {JM Swanson and HC Kraemer and SP Hinshaw and LE Arnold and CK Conners and HB Abikoff and W Clevenger and M Davies and GR Elliott and LL Greenhill and E al},
Title = {Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA:
Success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at
the end of treatment},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {168-179},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objectives: To develop a categorical outcome measure related
to clinical decisions and to perform secondary analyses to
supplement the primary analyses of the NIMH Collaborative
Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA). Method:
End-of-treatment status was summarized by averaging the
parent and teacher ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms on the
Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV) scale, and
low symptom-severity ("Just a Little") on this continuous
measure was set as a clinical cutoff to form a categorical
outcome measure reflecting successful treatment. Three
orthogonal comparisons of the treatment groups (combined
treatment [Comb], medication management [MedMgt], behavioral
treatment [Beh], and community comparison [CC]) evaluated
hypotheses about the MTA medication algorithm ("Comb +
MedMgt versus Beh + CC"), multimodality superiority ("Comb
versus MedMgt"), and psychosocial substitution ("Beh versus
CC"). Results: The summary of SNAP-IV ratings across sources
and domains increased the precision of measurement by 30%.
The secondary analyses of group differences in success rates
(Comb = 68%; MedMgt = 56%; Beh = 34%; CC = 25%) confirmed
the large effect of the MTA medication algorithm and a
smaller effect of multimodality superiority, which was now
statistically significant (p < .05). The psychosocial
substitution effect remained negligible and nonsignificant.
Conclusion: These secondary analyses confirm the primary
findings and clarify clinical decisions about the choice
between multimodal and unimodal treatment with
medication.},
Key = {fds274994}
}
@article{fds274995,
Author = {PS Jensen and SP Hinshaw and HC Kraemer and N Lenora and JH Newcorn and HB
Abikoff, JS March and LE Arnold and DP Cantwell and E
al},
Title = {ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: Comparing
comorbid subgroups},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {2},
Pages = {147-158},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objectives: Previous research has been inconclusive whether
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when
comorbid with disruptive disorders (oppositional defiant
disorder [ODD] or conduct disorder [CD]), with the
internalizing disorders (anxiety and/or depression), or with
both, should constitute separate clinical entities.
Determination of the clinical significance of potential ADHD
+ internalizing disorder or ADHD + ODD/CD syndromes could
yield better diagnostic decision-making, treatment planning,
and treatment outcomes. Method: Drawing upon cross-sectional
and longitudinal information from 579 children (aged 7-9.9
years) with ADHD participating in the NIMH Collaborative
Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA),
investigators applied validational criteria to compare ADHD
subjects with and without comorbid internalizing disorders
and ODD/CD. Results: Substantial evidence of main effects of
internalizing and externalizing comorbid disorders was
found. Moderate evidence of interactions of parent-reported
anxiety and ODD/CD status were noted on response to
treatment, indicating that children with ADHD and anxiety
disorders (but no ODD/CD) were likely to respond equally
well to the MTA behavioral and medication treatments.
Children with ADHD-only or ADHD with ODD/CD (but without
anxiety disorders) responded best to MTA medication
treatments (with or without behavioral treatments), while
children with multiple comorbid disorders (anxiety and
ODD/CD) responded optimally to combined (medication and
behavioral) treatments. Conclusions: Findings indicate that
three clinical profiles, ADHD co-occurring with
internalizing disorders (principally parent-reported anxiety
disorders) absent any concurrent disruptive disorder (ADHD +
ANX), ADHD co-occurring with ODD/CD but no anxiety (ADHD +
ODD/CD), and ADHD with both anxiety and ODD/CD (ADHD + ANX +
ODD/CD) may be sufficiently distinct to warrant
classification as ADHD subtypes different from "pure" ADHD
with neither comorbidity. Future clinical, etiological, and
genetics research should explore the merits of these three
ADHD classification options.},
Key = {fds274995}
}
@article{fds274996,
Author = {LL Greenhill and B Vitiello and H Abikoff and J Levine and JS March and MA
Riddle, L Capasso and T Cooper and M Davies and P Fisher and E
al},
Title = {Improving the methods for evaluating the safety of
psychotropic medications in children and
adolescents},
Journal = {Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and
Experimental},
Volume = {62},
Number = {12},
Pages = {873-884},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0011-393X},
Abstract = {Background: Given the considerable importance of drug safety
in children and adolescents and the potential effects of
psychotropic medications on growth rates and developing
central neurotransmitter systems, there is a need for valid
methods for detecting possible drug-induced adverse events
during prolonged exposure. Objectives: The aims of this
study were to discuss challenges involved in the collection
of safety information on psychotropic medications when
administered to children and adolescents and suggest methods
for improving existing approaches. Methods: Current methods
for collecting and assessing safety data during pediatric
psychopharmacological trials are critiqued and possible
alternatives reviewed. Results: Methods used for collecting
and assessing drug safety data remain less sophisticated
than efficacy evaluations. Multisite trials, although
demonstrating statistical power to detect placebo/active
drug differences, remain too small to detect infrequent but
serious drug-related adverse events. Other active
surveillance approaches, such as long-duration follow-up
studies and clinical epidemiological studies, using
case-control, cohort designs, or trend analysis of
population-based treatment data must be used. Conclusions:
Research is needed to standardize the basic ascertainment
approaches, definitions of adverse events, lists of
preferred terms, and recording procedures to a common core
battery. A possible approach to developing and testing these
procedures is proposed. Then more detailed lists of
drug-related adverse events can be added, which can be study
specific. The increasing use of psychotropic medications in
youths should be accompanied by increased efforts to
standardize the ascertainment of drug-related adverse
events.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0011-393X(01)80092-8},
Key = {fds274996}
}
@article{fds275056,
Author = {DS Pine and JT Walkup and MJ Labellarte and MA Riddle and L Greenhill and R
Klein, M Davies and M Sweeney and H Abikoff and S Hack and E
al},
Title = {Fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in
children and adolescents},
Journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
Volume = {344},
Number = {17},
Pages = {1279-1285},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0028-4793},
Abstract = {Background: Drugs that selectively inhibit serotonin
reuptake are effective treatments for adults with mood and
anxiety disorders, but limited data are available on the
safety and efficacy of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in
children with anxiety disorders. Methods: We studied 128
children who were 6 to 17 years of age; who met the criteria
for social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, or
generalized anxiety disorder; and who had received
psychological treatment for three weeks without improvement.
The children were randomly assigned to receive fluvoxamine
(at a maximum of 300 mg per day) or placebo for eight weeks
and were evaluated with rating scales designed to assess the
degree of anxiety and impairment. Results: Children in the
fluvoxamine group had a mean (±SD) decrease of 9.7±6.9
points in symp toms of anxiety on the Pediatric Anxiety
Rating Scale (range of possible scores, 0 to 25, with higher
scores indicating greater anxiety), as compared with a
decrease of 3.1±4.8 points among children in the placebo
group (P<0.001). On the Clinical Global
Impressions-Improvement scale, 48 of 63 children in the
fluvoxamine group (76 percent) had a response to the
treatment, as indicated by a score of less than 4, as
compared with 19 of 65 children in the placebo group (29
percent, P±0.001). Five children in the fluvoxamine group
(8 percent) discontinued treatment because of adverse
events, as compared with one child in the placebo group (2
percent). Conclusions: Fluvoxamine is an effective treatment
for children and adolescents with social phobia, separation
anxiety disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder. Copyright
© 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society.},
Doi = {10.1056/NEJM200104263441703},
Key = {fds275056}
}
@article{fds275082,
Author = {TL Waters and PM Barrett and JS March},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood
obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preliminary
findings},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychotherapy},
Volume = {55},
Number = {3},
Pages = {372-387},
Year = {2001},
Abstract = {The effectiveness of a 14-week cognitive-behavioral family
treatment protocol for childhood obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD) was piloted using a volunteer sample of seven
children aged 10-14 years. The primary outcome measures were
diagnostic status, symptom severity, and global functioning
which were assessed at pre- and post-treatment, and at
three-month followup. A series of self-report measures
assessing obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, depression,
and family factors were also completed at pre- and
post-treatment. The results indicated that six participants
no longer met criteria for OCD at post-treatment, with a
mean reduction of 60% in symptom severity. Self-reported
obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and family involvement
in the disorder also significantly decreased across time.
The findings support the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral
treatment with a structured family component for childhood
OCD. Further research investigating the comparative efficacy
of treatment with and without family involvement is
warranted.},
Key = {fds275082}
}
@article{fds275083,
Author = {EH Cook and KD Wagner and JS March and J Biederman and P Landau and R
Wolkow and M Messig},
Title = {Long-term sertraline treatment of children and adolescents
with obsessive-compulsive disorder},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {40},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1175-1181},
Year = {2001},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of
sertraline in the long-term treatment of pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Children (6-12
years; n=72) and adolescents (13-18 years; n=65) with
DSM-III-R-defined OCD who had completed a 12-week,
double-blind, placebo-controlled sertraline study were given
open-label sertraline 50 to 200 mg/day in this 52-week
extension study. Concomitant psychotherapy was allowed
during the extension study. Outcome was evaluated by the
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS),
National Institute of Mental Health Global
Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and Clinical Global Impression
Severity (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I) scores. Results:
Significant improvement (p<.0001) was demonstrated on all
four outcome parameters on an intent-to-treat analysis for
the overall study population (n=132), as well as the child
and the adolescent samples. At endpoint, 72% of children and
61% of adolescents met response criteria (>25% decrease
in CY-BOCS and a CGI-I score of 1 or 2). Significant
(p<.05) improvements were also demonstrated from the
extension study baseline to endpoint on all outcome
parameters in those patients who received sertraline during
the 12-week, double-blind acute study. Long-term sertraline
treatment was well tolerated, and there were no
discontinuations due to changes in vital signs, laboratory
values, or electrocardiograms. Conclusion: Sertraline
(50-200 mg/day) was effective and generally well tolerated
in the treatment of childhood and adolescent OCD for up to
52 weeks. Improvement was seen with continued
treatment.},
Key = {fds275083}
}
@article{fds274986,
Author = {KC Wells and JN Epstein and SP Hinshaw and CK Conners and J Klaric and HB
Abikoff, A Abramowitz and LE Arnold and G Elliott and LL Greenhill and L
Hechtman, B Hoza and PS Jensen and JS March and W Pelham and L Pfiffner and J Severe and JM Swanson and B Vitiello and T Wigal},
Title = {Parenting and family stress treatment outcomes in attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an empirical analysis
in the MTA study.},
Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {543-553},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104316},
Abstract = {Parenting and family stress treatment outcomes in the MTA
study were examined. Male and female (579), 7-9-year-old
children with combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD), were recruited at six sites around the
United States and Canada, and randomly assigned to one of
four groups: intensive, multi-faceted behavior therapy
program alone (Beh); carefully titrated and monitored
medication management strategy alone (MedMgt); a
well-integrated combination of the two (Comb); or a
community comparison group (CC). Treatment occurred over 14
months, and assessments were taken at baseline, 3, 9, and 14
months. Parenting behavior and family stress were assessed
using parent-report and child-report inventories. Results
showed that Beh alone, MedMgt alone, and Comb produced
significantly greater decreases in a parent-rated measure of
negative parenting, Negative/Ineffective Discipline, than
did standard community treatment. The three MTA treatments
did not differ significantly from each other on this domain.
No differences were noted among the four groups on positive
parenting or on family stress variables. Results are
discussed in terms of the theoretical and empirically
documented importance of negative parenting in the symptoms,
comorbidities and long-term outcomes of ADHD.},
Key = {fds274986}
}
@article{fds274988,
Author = {KC Wells and WE Pelham and RA Kotkin and B Hoza and HB Abikoff and A
Abramowitz, LE Arnold and DP Cantwell and CK Conners and R Del
Carmen and G Elliott and LL Greenhill and L Hechtman and E Hibbs and SP
Hinshaw, PS Jensen and JS March and JM Swanson and E
Schiller},
Title = {Psychosocial treatment strategies in the MTA study:
rationale, methods, and critical issues in design and
implementation.},
Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {483-505},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104313},
Abstract = {The Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children
with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the
MTA, is the first multisite, cooperative agreement treatment
study of children, and the largest psychiatric/psychological
treatment trial ever conducted by the National Institute of
Mental Health. It examines the effectiveness of Medication
vs. Psychosocial treatment vs. their combination for
treatment of ADHD and compares these experimental arms to
each other and to routine community care. In a parallel
group design, 579 (male and female) ADHD children, aged 7-9
years, 11 months, were randomly assigned to one of the four
experimental arms, and then received 14 months of prescribed
treatment (or community care) with periodic reassessments.
After delineating the theoretical and empirical rationales
for Psychosocial treatment of ADHD, we describe the MTA's
Psychosocial Treatment strategy applied to all children in
two of the four experimental arms (Psychosocial treatment
alone; Combined treatment). Psychosocial treatment consisted
of three major components: a Parent Training component, a
two-part School Intervention component, and a child
treatment component anchored in an intensive Summer
Treatment Program. Components were selected based on
evidence of treatment efficacy and because they address
comprehensive symptom targets, settings, comorbidities, and
functional domains. We delineate key conceptual and
logistical issues faced by clinical researchers in design
and implementation of Psychosocial research with examples of
how these issues were addressed in the MTA
study.},
Key = {fds274988}
}
@article{fds275147,
Author = {JS March and JM Swanson and LE Arnold and B Hoza and CK Conners and SP
Hinshaw, L Hechtman and HC Kraemer and LL Greenhill and HB Abikoff and LG Elliott and PS Jensen and JH Newcorn and B Vitiello and J Severe and KC
Wells and WE Pelham},
Title = {Anxiety as a predictor and outcome variable in the
multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD
(MTA).},
Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {527-541},
Year = {2000},
Month = {December},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104315},
Keywords = {Anxiety • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
• Central Nervous System Stimulants • Child •
Combined Modality Therapy • Comorbidity • Conduct
Disorder • Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) •
Diagnosis, Differential • Female • Humans •
Male • Negativism • Odds Ratio • Predictive
Value of Tests • Prognosis • Psychiatric Status
Rating Scales • Socioenvironmental Therapy* •
Treatment Outcome • drug therapy • epidemiology
• psychology • psychology* • therapeutic use*
• therapy*},
Abstract = {Initial moderator analyses in the Multimodal Treatment Study
of Children with ADHD (MTA) suggested that child anxiety
ascertained by parent report on the Diagnostic Interview
Schedule for Children 2.3 (DISC Anxiety) differentially
moderated the outcome of treatment. Left unanswered were
questions regarding the nature of DISC Anxiety, the impact
of comorbid conduct problems on the moderating effect of
DISC Anxiety, and the clinical significance of DISC Anxiety
as a moderator of treatment outcome. Thirty-three percent of
MTA subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for an anxiety disorder
excluding simple phobias. Of these, two-thirds also met
DSM-III-R criteria for comorbid oppositional-defiant or
conduct disorder whereas one-third did not, yielding an odds
ratio of approximately two for DISC Anxiety, given conduct
problems. In this context, exploratory analyses of baseline
data suggest that DISC Anxiety may reflect parental
attributions regarding child negative affectivity and
associated behavior problems (unlike fearfulness),
particularly in the area of social interactions, another
core component of anxiety that is more typically associated
with phobic symptoms. Analyses using hierarchical linear
modeling (HLM) indicate that the moderating effect of DISC
Anxiety continues to favor the inclusion of psychosocial
treatment for anxious ADHD children irrespective of the
presence or absence of comorbid conduct problems. This
effect, which is clinically meaningful, is confined
primarily to parent-reported outcomes involving disruptive
behavior, internalizing symptoms, and inattention; and is
generally stronger for combined than unimodal treatment.
Contravening earlier studies, no adverse effect of anxiety
on medication response for core ADHD or other outcomes in
anxious or nonanxious ADHD children was demonstrated. When
treating ADHD, it is important to search for comorbid
anxiety and negative affectivity and to adjust treatment
strategies accordingly.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275147}
}
@article{fds275055,
Author = {SN Compton and AH Nelson and JS March},
Title = {Social phobia and separation anxiety symptoms in community
and clinical samples of children and adolescents.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {39},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1040-1046},
Year = {2000},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939233},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the developmental progression and
pattern of self-reported symptoms of social phobia (SP) and
separation anxiety (SA) in community (n = 2,384) and
clinical (n = 217) samples of children and adolescents,
using a cross-sectional method. METHOD: Subjects were
cross-classified by age, gender, and race. Using mean scores
on the SP and SA subscales of the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children, 4 categories of children were
established: HighSP/HighSA, HighSP/LowSA, LowSP/HighSA, and
LowSP/LowSA. Data were analyzed using a generalized logit
model. RESULTS: Community sample: Preadolescents and females
reported more symptoms of HighSP/HighSA and LowSP/HighSA
than adolescents and males. White children reported more
symptoms of HighSP/LowSA, while the opposite pattern was
found among African-American children. Clinical sample:
Similar to the community sample, preadolescents reported
more symptoms of HighSP/HighSA. However, clinical males
reported more symptoms of LowSP/HighSA than clinical
females. CONCLUSIONS: In general, adolescents endorsed more
symptoms of SP and fewer symptoms of SA than preadolescent
children. Irrespective of age, white children endorsed more
symptoms of SP and fewer symptoms of SA than
African-American children. In the community sample,
preadolescent boys endorsed more symptoms of SA and fewer
symptoms of SP, suggesting a possible referral
bias.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-200008000-00020},
Key = {fds275055}
}
@article{fds274987,
Author = {SP Hinshaw and EB Owens and KC Wells and HC Kraemer and HB Abikoff and LE
Arnold, CK Conners and G Elliott and LL Greenhill and E
al},
Title = {Family processes and treatment outcome in the MTA:
Negative/ineffective parenting practices in relation to
multimodal treatment},
Journal = {Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {555-568},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
Abstract = {To elucidate processes underlying therapeutic change in a
large-scale randomized clinical trial, we examined whether
alterations in self-reported parenting practices were
associated with the effects of behavioral, medication, or
combination treatments on teacher-reported outcomes
(disruptive behavior, social skills, internalizing symptoms)
in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). Participants were 579 children with Combined-type
ADHD, aged 7-9.9 years, in the Multimodal Treatment Study of
Children with ADHD (MTA). We uncovered 2 second-order
factors of parenting practices, entitled Positive
Involvement and Negative/Ineffective Discipline. Although
Positive Involvement was not associated with amelioration of
the school-based outcome measures, reductions in
Negative/Ineffective Discipline mediated improvement in
children's social skills at school. For families showing the
greatest reductions in Negative/Ineffective Discipline,
effects of combined medication plus behavioral treatment
were pronounced in relation to regular community care.
Furthermore, only in combination treatment (and not in
behavioral treatment alone) was decreased
Negative/Ineffective Discipline associated with reduction in
children's disruptive behavior at school. Here, children in
families receiving combination treatment who showed the
greatest reductions in Negative/Ineffective Discipline had
teacher-reported disruptive behavior that was essentially
normalized. Overall, the success of combination treatment
for important school-related outcomes appears related to
reductions in negative and ineffective parenting practices
at home; we discuss problems in interpreting the temporal
sequencing of such process-outcome linkages and the means by
which multimodal treatment may be mediated by psychosocial
processes related to parenting.},
Doi = {10.1023/A:1005183115230},
Key = {fds274987}
}
@article{fds274989,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Imipramine plus cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was more
effective than placebo plus CBT in adolescents with comorbid
anxiety and depression who refused to attend school:
Commentary},
Journal = {Evidence-Based Mental Health},
Volume = {3},
Number = {4},
Pages = {107-},
Year = {2000},
ISSN = {1362-0347},
Doi = {10.1136/ebmh.3.4.107},
Key = {fds274989}
}
@article{fds275160,
Author = {JS March and K Sullivan},
Title = {Test-retest reliability of the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children.},
Journal = {J Anxiety Disord},
Volume = {13},
Number = {4},
Pages = {349-358},
Year = {1999},
Month = {July},
ISSN = {0887-6185},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10504106},
Keywords = {Adolescent • African Americans • Age Factors
• Anxiety Disorders • Child • Child
Psychology • European Continental Ancestry Group •
Female • Humans • Male • Psychiatric Status
Rating Scales • Psychometrics • Reproducibility of
Results • Sex Factors • diagnosis* •
ethnology • methods* • psychology* •
standards*},
Abstract = {We examined the test-retest reliability of the
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) in a
school-based sample of children and adolescents. One
classroom at each grade from 3 to 12 was randomly selected
to participate. Teachers were trained to administer the MASC
at baseline and again 3 weeks later. The intraclass
correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate stability
of the MASC over time. For both single case and mean ICCs,
the MASC exhibited satisfactory to excellent stability
across all factors and subfactors. Stability was unaffected
by age or gender, but was lower for African American than
Caucasian subjects. Satisfactory test-retest reliability
also was demonstrated for two empirically derived subscales,
the MASC-10 and Anxiety Index.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275160}
}
@article{fds274981,
Author = {TE Wilens and J Biederman and JS March and R Wolkow and CS Fine and RB
Millstein, SV Faraone and D Geller and TJ Spencer},
Title = {Absence of cardiovascular adverse effects of sertraline in
children and adolescents},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {573-577},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: In a 12 week, placebo-controlled,
parallel-design, multicenter study of sertraline for
obsessive-compulsive disorder in 107 children and 80
adolescents, the authors prospectively assessed
cardiovascular effects to doses of sertraline of ≤200
mg/day. Method: Vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate)
and electrocardiograph parameters (ECGs) were systematically
evaluated at baseline and again throughout treatment.
Results: There were no clinically significant cardiovascular
adverse events in any of the subjects enrolled in the study.
Moreover, compared with baseline and placebo, sertraline
treatment at an average dose of 167 mg did not result in any
clinically meaningful changes in any ECG indices (PR, QRS,
and QTc intervals), cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, or heart
rate. Conclusions: These prospectively derived results
support the cardiovascular safety of sertraline at doses up
to 200 mg in children and adolescents.},
Key = {fds274981}
}
@article{fds274982,
Author = {MA Riddle and GA Bernstein and EH Cook and HL Leonard and JS March and JM Swanson},
Title = {Anxiolytics, adrenergic agents, and naltrexone},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {38},
Number = {5},
Pages = {546-556},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To review extant data on the efficacy and safety
of anxiolytic medications (benzodiazepines, buspirone, and
other serotonin 1A agonists), adrenergic agents
(β-blockers and α 2-adrenergic agonists clonidine and
guanfacine), and the opiate antagonist naltrexone that have
been used to treat various psychopathologies in children and
adolescents. To identify critical gaps in our current
knowledge about these agents and needs for further research.
Method: All available controlled trials of these medications
in children and adolescents published in English through
1997 were reviewed. In addition, selected uncontrolled
studies are included. Results: The major finding, that there
are virtually no controlled data that support the efficacy
of most of these drugs for the treatment of psychiatric
disorders in children and adolescents, is both surprising
and unfortunate. For some drugs, e.g., buspirone and
guanfacine, this is because no controlled studies have been
carried out in children and/or adolescents. For other drugs,
e.g., clonidine and naltrexone, most of the
placebo-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate
efficacy. Conclusions: The strongest recommendations for
controlled studies of safety and efficacy in children and
adolescents can be given for the following drugs:
benzodiazepines for acute anxiety; buspirone (and newer
serotonin 1A agonists as they become available) for anxiety
and depression; β-blockers for aggressive dyscontrol;
guanfacine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and
naltrexone for hyperactivity, inattention and aggression in
autistic disorder.},
Key = {fds274982}
}
@article{fds274983,
Author = {J Swanson and M Lerner and J March and FM Gresham},
Title = {Assessment and intervention for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder in the schools: Lessons from the MTA
study},
Journal = {Pediatric Clinics of North America},
Volume = {46},
Number = {5},
Pages = {993-1009},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {0031-3955},
Abstract = {The MTA experience provides several lessons that may have
clinical relevance. First, the MTA study identified six key
instruments (see Table 1) that clinicians may want to use,
but even on these instruments discrepancies in parent and
teacher sources should be expected. We believe that
unnoticed or unresolved discrepancies may be important
factors contributing to the 'disconnect' identified by the
Consensus Conference Panel. Based on the MTA experience, we
recommend a telephone call to the child's teacher,
specifically to inquire about any discrepancy in the 'source
by domain' summary, as an efficient way to make a meaningful
connection '... between developmental or educational
(school-based) assessments and health-related (medical
practice-based) services' for children with ADHD. Second,
evaluation of pharmacologic intervention in the MTA study
confirmed that teachers' reports are crucial for documenting
efficacy, whereas parent reports are crucial for documenting
side effects. Based on the MTA experience, we recommend
frequent telephone contact with the teacher specifically to
inquire about the peak effects and dissipation of effects of
medication that are expected to occur during the school
hours as a way to improve'... communication between
diagnosticians and those who implement and monitor treatment
in the schools'.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70168-1},
Key = {fds274983}
}
@article{fds274984,
Author = {JS March and C Conners and G Arnold and J Epstein and J Parker and S
Hinshaw, H Abikoff and B Molina and K Wells and J Newcorn and E
al},
Title = {The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC):
Confirmatory factor analysis in a pediatric ADHD
sample},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {3},
Number = {2},
Pages = {85-89},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
Abstract = {While considerable attention has been paid to discriminating
attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders, there
are as yet no published confirmatory factor analytic studies
of any self-report anxiety scale in ADHD youth. The
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) is a
39-item, 4-point Likert self-report scale that robustly
represents the factor structure of anxiety in children aged
8 to 18 years. Using confirmatory factor analytic methods,
the present paper reports a replication of the four-factor
measurement model for the MASC in a large sample of ADHD
youth aged 7 to 10 years. The fit indices proved to be
comparable to those obtained in the MASC clinical and
non-clinical (normative) samples. Clinically, therefore,
this report strengthens confidence that the MASC is a valid
measure of anxiety in diverse populations. With respect to
research, it provides supporting evidence that results
obtained using the MASC in the MTA and other research
studies reflect valid estimates of anxiety in those samples.
Copyright © Multi-Health Systems Inc.,
1999.},
Key = {fds274984}
}
@article{fds274985,
Author = {J March},
Title = {CBT plus parental anxiety management was more effective when
the child and parent(s) were anxious: Commentary},
Journal = {Evidence-Based Mental Health},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {76-},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1362-0347},
Doi = {10.1136/ebmh.2.3.76},
Key = {fds274985}
}
@article{fds275075,
Author = {CL Donnelly and L Amaya-Jackson and JS March},
Title = {Psychopharmacology of pediatric posttraumatic stress
disorder},
Journal = {Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology},
Volume = {9},
Number = {3},
Pages = {203-220},
Year = {1999},
ISSN = {1044-5463},
Abstract = {Objective: To review the current knowledge of
pharmacotherapy in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) as it applies to children and adolescents
and to provide a rational approach to medication use in
Pediatric PTSD. Method: The literature on the
psychopharmacology of Pediatric PTSD is reviewed.
Additionally, literature is reviewed on the neurobiological
systems presumptively involved in trauma as well as studies
in the pharmacology of adult PTSD, as they pertain to the
treatment of Pediatric PTSD. Results: There are too few
studies in the current Pediatric PTSD literature to confirm
treatment recommendations. Downward extrapolation from the
adult literature combined with an understanding of the
neurobiology of PTSD and its comorbid conditions may serve
as the basis for a rational pharmacotherapy of PTSD in
childhood. The effectiveness of targeting pharmacological
agents at PTSD symptom clusters and associated comorbid
conditions remains to be verified in controlled clinical
trials. Conclusions: The state of psychopharmacology for
Pediatric PTSD is in its earliest stages. While there are
insufficient numbers of controlled pharmacological trials to
make firm recommendations, the field requires a starting
point for a rational psychopharmacological approach.
Pharmacotherapy may provide symptom relief of both the
debilitating primary symptoms and the comorbid conditions in
children suffering from PTSD.},
Key = {fds275075}
}
@article{fds275144,
Author = {JS March and J Biederman and R Wolkow and A Safferman and J Mardekian and EH Cook and NR Cutler and R Dominguez and J Ferguson and B Muller and R
Riesenberg, M Rosenthal and FR Sallee and KD Wagner and H
Steiner},
Title = {Sertraline in children and adolescents with
obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multicenter randomized
controlled trial.},
Journal = {JAMA},
Volume = {280},
Number = {20},
Pages = {1752-1756},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0098-7484},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9842950},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Antidepressive Agents • Child •
Double-Blind Method • Female • Humans • Male
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Psychological
Tests • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors • Sertraline
• Treatment Outcome • drug therapy* •
therapeutic use*},
Abstract = {CONTEXT: The serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the treatment
of choice for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder;
however, empirical support for this assertion has been
weaker for children and adolescents than for adults.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline
hydrochloride in children and adolescents with
obsessive-compulsive disorder. DESIGN: Randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PATIENTS: One
hundred eighty-seven patients: 107 children aged 6 to 12
years and 80 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years randomized to
receive either sertraline (53 children, 39 adolescents) or
placebo (54 children, 41 adolescents). SETTING: Twelve US
academic and community clinics with experience conducting
randomized controlled trials. INTERVENTION: Sertraline
hydrochloride was titrated to a maximum of 200 mg/d during
the first 4 weeks of double-blind therapy, after which
patients continued to receive this dosage of medication for
8 more weeks. Control patients received placebo. MAIN
OUTCOME MEASURES: The Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive
Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the National Institute of Mental
Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale (NIMH GOCS), and
the NIMH Clinical Global Impressions of Severity of Illness
(CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I) rating scales. RESULTS: In
intent-to-treat analyses, patients treated with sertraline
showed significantly greater improvement than did
placebo-treated patients on the CY-BOCS (adjusted mean,
-6.8vs -3.4, respectively; P=.005), the NIMH GOCS (-2.2 vs
-1.3, respectively; P=.02), and the CGI-I (2.7 vs 3.3,
respectively; P=.002) scales. Significant differences in
efficacy between sertraline and placebo emerged at week 3
and persisted for the duration of the study. Based on CGI-I
ratings at end point, 42% of patients receiving sertraline
and 26% of patients receiving placebo were very much or much
improved. Neither age nor sex predicted response to
treatment. The incidence of insomnia, nausea, agitation, and
tremor were significantly greater in patients receiving
sertraline; 12 (13%) of 92 sertraline-treated patients and 3
(3.2%) of 95 placebo-treated patients discontinued
prematurely because of adverse medical events (P=.02). No
clinically meaningful abnormalities were apparent on vital
sign determinations, laboratory findings, or
electrocardiographic measurements. CONCLUSION: Sertraline
appears to be a safe and effective short-term treatment for
children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive
disorder.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275144}
}
@article{fds275050,
Author = {ED Levin and CK Conners and D Silva and SC Hinton and WH Meck and J March and JE Rose},
Title = {Transdermal nicotine effects on attention.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology (Berl)},
Volume = {140},
Number = {2},
Pages = {135-141},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9860103},
Abstract = {Nicotine has been shown to improve attentiveness in smokers
and attenuate attentional deficits in Alzheimer's disease
patients, schizophrenics and adults with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current
study was conducted to determine whether nicotine
administered via transdermal patches would improve
attentiveness in non-smoking adults without attentional
deficits. The subjects underwent the nicotine and placebo
exposure in a counterbalanced double-blind manner. Measures
of treatment effect included the Profile of Mood States
(POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance Test
(CPT) of attentiveness and a computerized interval-timing
task. The subjects were administered a 7 mg/day nicotine
transdermal patch for 4.5 h during a morning session.
Nicotine significantly increased self-perceived vigor as
measured by the POMS test. On the CPT, nicotine
significantly decreased the number of errors of omission
without causing increases in either errors of commission or
correct hit reaction time. Nicotine also significantly
decreased the variance of hit reaction time and the
composite measure of attentiveness. This study shows that,
in addition to reducing attentional impairment, nicotine
administered via transdermal patches can improve
attentiveness in normal adult non-smokers.},
Key = {fds275050}
}
@article{fds275073,
Author = {EJ Costello and A Angold and J March and J Fairbank},
Title = {Life events and post-traumatic stress: the development of a
new measure for children and adolescents.},
Journal = {Psychol Med},
Volume = {28},
Number = {6},
Pages = {1275-1288},
Year = {1998},
Month = {November},
ISSN = {0033-2917},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9854269},
Abstract = {BACKGROUND: A new interview measure of life events and
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been developed for
children and adolescents aged 9 through 17, for use in both
epidemiological and clinical studies. It includes 'high
magnitude' events associated with PTSD as well as other 'low
magnitude' events. METHOD: The interview is designed as a
module of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment,
an interviewer-based interview conducted with parent and
child separately by trained lay interviewers. The module
includes: (1) questions about a wide range of events; (2) a
screen for key PTSD symptoms (painful recall, avoidance,
hypervigilance); and (3) a detailed interview on all PTSD
symptoms, including onset, duration, severity and
co-morbidity. A test-retest reliability study was conducted
with 58 parents and children, who were interviewed twice by
different interviewers. RESULTS: Intraclass correlations
were 0.72 (child) and 0.83 (parent) for high magnitude
events, and 0.62 (child) and 0.58 (parent) for low magnitude
events. Kappa coefficients ranged from high for violence and
sexual abuse to low for child reports of serious accidents
and natural disasters. The reliability of the PTSD screen
symptoms was fair to excellent (kappa = 0.40-0.79), and
reliability of PTSD symptoms in those who passed the screen
was excellent (ICC = 0.94-0.99). Compared with a general
population sample (N = 1015), the clinic-referred subjects
and their parents were twice as likely to report a traumatic
event and, depending on the event, up to 25 times as likely
to report symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: The results support
the reliability and discriminant validity of the
measure.},
Key = {fds275073}
}
@article{fds275112,
Author = {JS March and L Amaya-Jackson and MC Murray and A
Schulte},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for children and
adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder after a
single-incident stressor.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {37},
Number = {6},
Pages = {585-593},
Year = {1998},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9628078},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Analysis of Variance • Behavior
Therapy • Child • Cognitive Therapy • Female
• Humans • Internal-External Control • Male
• Psychotherapy, Brief • Stress Disorders,
Post-Traumatic • methods • methods* •
therapy*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of a group-administered
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) protocol for
pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a
single-incident stressor. METHOD: After a school-wide
selection-to-treatment procedure conducted in two elementary
and two junior high schools, children and adolescents with
DSM-IV PTSD by structured interview were entered into an
18-week, group-administered CBT protocol using a single case
across time and setting experimental design. Assessments of
PTSD, anxiety, depression, trait anger, locus of control,
and disruptive behavior were conducted at baseline,
posttreatment, and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS:
Experimental control across time (staggered start date) and
setting (school and age) was demonstrated. Fourteen of 17
subjects completed treatment. Of these, 8 (57%) no longer
met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD immediately after treatment; 12
(86%) of 14 were free of PTSD at 6-month follow-up. On
intent-to-treat analyses, treatment produced a robust
beneficial effect posttreatment on the Clinician-Administered
PTSD Scale-Child and Adolescent Version, with additional
improvement accruing at follow-up (p < .001). Improvements
of a similar magnitude were seen for depression (p < .001),
anxiety (p < .001), and anger (p < .005). Locus of control
remained external from pre- to posttreatment but became
strongly internal at follow-up (p < .001). CONCLUSION: More
clinical trials are required to confirm that CBT is a safe,
acceptable, and effective treatment for PTSD in children and
adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199806000-00008},
Key = {fds275112}
}
@article{fds274978,
Author = {JN Epstein and JS March and CK Conners and DL Jackson},
Title = {Racial differences on the Conners Teacher Rating
Scale.},
Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {109-118},
Year = {1998},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634133},
Abstract = {Factor congruence and mean differences on the Conners
Teacher Rating Scale were assessed across African-American
and Caucasian school children. Factor analyses conducted
separately by gender revealed similar factors across races
for males and females. The main differences in factor
structure within gender were the presence of an Antisocial
factor in black males and an Inattention factor in white
females. Across both males and females, teachers tended to
rate black children higher than white children on factors
relating to externalizing behaviors. Whether mean
differences are a result of teacher bias or actual
behavioral differences in the classroom needs further
research.},
Key = {fds274978}
}
@article{fds275156,
Author = {JS March and JF Curry},
Title = {Predicting the outcome of treatment.},
Journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol},
Volume = {26},
Number = {1},
Pages = {39-51},
Year = {1998},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {0091-0627},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9566545},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Adolescent Psychiatry* • Anxiety
Disorders • Child • Child Psychiatry* •
Decision Making • Forecasting • Humans •
Models, Statistical • Psychotherapy • Research
Design • Treatment Outcome • therapy* •
trends • trends*},
Abstract = {The clinical question--"Which treatment(s) for which
patients with what set of subgrouping characteristics
working by what mechanism(s)?"--rests at the heart of
differential therapeutics. Experimentally, this question
reduces to a test of how well we can predict the outcome of
treatment using the treatment conditions plus other
moderating and mediating variables. Reflecting the
discussions held at a recent National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH) conference on psychosocial treatments, and
using pediatric anxiety disorders as a case in point, we
discuss the problem of prediction in treatment outcome
studies from the standpoint of definition of terms, using
the general linear model of prediction. We also outline
types of studies that may be useful in testing potential
predictors, and put forward a possible matrix of predictor
variables as currently implemented in an NIMH-funded
treatment outcome study of pediatric obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD). We conclude by making specific suggestions
for implementing a broader approach to the study of
predictors.},
Language = {eng},
Key = {fds275156}
}
@article{fds274977,
Author = {LL Greenhill and D Pine and J March and B Birmaher and M
Riddle},
Title = {Assessment issues in treatment research of pediatric anxiety
disorders: What is working, what is not working, what is
missing, and what needs improvement},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology Bulletin},
Volume = {34},
Number = {2},
Pages = {155-164},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0048-5764},
Abstract = {Reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of the rating scales
for anxiety disorders makes it possible to select
appropriate measures for use in a multisite treatment study
of children and adolescents with DSM-IV-diagnosed anxiety
disorders. Categorical diagnosis for study inclusion is
provided by the K-SADS-PL, which has strong published
psychometrics for anxiety disorders. Broadband symptom
ratings of diverse pediatric psychiatric disorder can be
obtained at baseline by the parent-scored Child Behavior
Checklist. Anxiety symptom monitoring may be provided by the
use of two psychometrically strong self-report measures, the
MASC and the SCARED. Weekly global ratings are provided by
the CGI whose scale points have been enhanced by detailed
anchors; in addition, the raters all trained on practice
vignettes to calibrate their scoring. Clinician-based
ratings of the patient's anxiety symptoms can be carded out
in adolescent patients using the HAM-A. The newly developed
Children's Anxiety Rating Scale promises to cover the full
pediatric age range as a clinician-based anxiety rating
instrument, but must first be subjected to formal
psychometric and treatment sensitivity evaluation.},
Key = {fds274977}
}
@article{fds274979,
Author = {RA King and H Leonard and J March and W Bernet and JE Dunne and M Adair and V
Arnold, RS Benson and O Bukstein and J Kinlan and E
al},
Title = {Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of
children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive
disorder},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {37},
Number = {10 SUPPL.},
Pages = {27S-45S},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {These practice parameters describe the assessment and
treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on a
detailed literature review and expert consultation.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder of heterogeneous
origin characterized by intrusive thoughts or compulsive
urges or behaviors that are distressing, time-consuming, or
functionally impairing. In children and adolescents, the
disorder often is accompanied by a wide range of
comorbidity, including mood, anxiety, attentional, and
learning difficulties, and/or tic disorder. These parameters
describe the relevant areas of assessment, especially
symptomatology, onset, and course, other associated
psychopathology, and developmental, family, and medical
history (including postinfectious onset or exacerbations).
Two modalities have been systematically assessed and
empirically shown to ameliorate core symptoms:
cognitive-behavioral therapy (primarily exposure/response
prevention) and serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication.
Data regarding the indications, efficacy, and implementation
of these modalities are reviewed. Because OCD frequently
occurs in the context of other psychopathology and adaptive
difficulties, additional individual and family
psychotherapeutic, pharmacological, and educational
interventions often are necessary. Treatment planning
guidelines are provided.},
Key = {fds274979}
}
@article{fds274980,
Author = {RA King and H Leonard and J March and W Bernet and JE Dunne and M Adair and V
Arnold, RS Benson and O Bukstein and J Kinlan and E
al},
Title = {Summary of the practice parameters for the assessment and
treatment of children and adolescents with
obsessive-compulsive disorder},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {37},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1110-1116},
Year = {1998},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {This summary provides an overview of the assessment,
differential diagnosis, and treatment recommendations
contained in the Practice Parameters for the Assessment and
Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-
Compulsive Disorder. OCD is a disorder of heterogeneous
origin characterized by intrusive thoughts or compulsive
urges or behaviors that are distressing, time-consuming, or
functionally impairing. In children and adolescents, the
disorder often is accompanied by a wide range of
comorbidity. Two modalities have been systematically
assessed and empirically shown to ameliorate the core
symptoms of OCD: cognitive-behavioral therapy (primarily
exposure/response prevention) and serotonin reuptake
inhibitor medication. Additional individual and family
psychotherapeutic, pharmacological, and educational
interventions often are necessary.},
Key = {fds274980}
}
@article{fds275081,
Author = {JN Epstein and CK Conners and D Erhardt and JS March and JM
Swanson},
Title = {Asymmetrical hemispheric control of visual-spatial attention
in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder.},
Journal = {Neuropsychology},
Volume = {11},
Number = {4},
Pages = {467-473},
Year = {1997},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0894-4105},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9345690},
Abstract = {As neuropsychological mechanisms for attention have been
hypothesized to be located in the right hemisphere of the
brain, several investigators have begun to conceptualize
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related
attentional deficits as involving right-hemispheric
abnormalities. The authors evaluated and compared adult
patients diagnosed with ADHD with a non-ADHD group of
patients using a chronometric visual-spatial attention task
that is sensitive to hemispheric differences in efficiency
of information processing. Reaction times across different
cuing conditions, cue-target delays, and visual fields were
assessed. When participants' attention was misdirected with
cues in the right visual field and attention had to be
switched to a target on the left visual field, there was a
longer delay among ADHD adults than non-ADHD adults,
specifically when the interval between the cue and target
was 800 ms as compared with 100 ms. This specific pattern of
dysfunction was interpreted as a difficulty with maintaining
attention possibly associated with anterior attention
mechanisms in the right hemisphere.},
Key = {fds275081}
}
@article{fds203048,
Author = {JS March and L Amaya-Jackson and R Terry and P Costanzo},
Title = {Posttraumatic symptomatology in children and adolescents
after an industrial fire.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {36},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1080-8},
Year = {1997},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Analysis of Variance • Chi-Square
Distribution • Child • Comorbidity • Factor
Analysis, Statistical • Female • Fires* •
Health Surveys • Humans • Male • North
Carolina • Regression Analysis • Sampling Studies
• Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic • epidemiology
• etiology • psychology*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This investigation evaluated the extent and
nature of posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) in children and
adolescents 9 months after an industrial fire at the
imperial Foods chicken-processing plant in Hamlet, North
Carolina, caused extensive loss of life. METHODS: Using a
PTS self-report measure plus self- and teacher reports of
comorbid symptoms the authors surveyed 1,019 fourth- to
ninth-grade students in the community where the fire
occurred. RESULTS: Three factors comprising PTS were
identified: reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal.
Reexperiencing and avoidance were positively correlated;
hyperarousal proved weakly correlated with reexperiencing,
perhaps because exposure was largely indirect. Using a T
score cutoff of 65 on the reexperiencing factor as
indicative of PTS 9.7% of subjects met criteria for PTS;
11.9% met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
using DSM-III-R PTSD criteria. Degree of exposure was the
most powerful predictor of PTS. Race (African-American) and
gender (female) posed significant risk factors for PTS.
Self-reported internalizing symptoms and teacher-reported
externalizing symptoms were positively predicted by
intercurrent PTS, and independently of PTS, by degree of
exposure. Comorbid symptoms showed interesting interactions
with exposure, race, and gender. Lack of self-attributed
personal efficacy predicted PTS but did not moderate the
effects of race or gender on PTS risk. CONCLUSIONS: This
study, which used a population-based sampling strategy,
strengthens and extends findings from earlier literature on
pediatric PTSD in showing that (1) PTS and comorbid
internalizing and externalizing symptoms rise in direct
proportion to degree of exposure; (2) gender and race show
variable effects on risk for PTS and comorbid symptoms; and
(3) comorbid symptoms are positively correlated with PTS and
may represent primary outcomes of traumatic exposure in
their own right.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199708000-00015},
Key = {fds203048}
}
@article{fds275176,
Author = {JS March and L Amaya-Jackson and R Terry and P
Costanzo},
Title = {Posttraumatic symptomatology in children and adolescents
after an industrial fire.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {36},
Number = {8},
Pages = {1080-1088},
Year = {1997},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9256587},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This investigation evaluated the extent and
nature of posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) in children and
adolescents 9 months after an industrial fire at the
imperial Foods chicken-processing plant in Hamlet, North
Carolina, caused extensive loss of life. METHOD: Using a PTS
self-report measure plus self- and teacher reports of
comorbid symptoms the authors surveyed 1,019 fourth- to
ninth-grade students in the community where the fire
occurred. RESULTS: Three factors comprising PTS were
identified: reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal.
Reexperiencing and avoidance were positively correlated;
hyperarousal proved weakly correlated with reexperiencing,
perhaps because exposure was largely indirect. Using a T
score cutoff of 65 on the reexperiencing factor as
indicative of PTS 9.7% of subjects met criteria for PTS;
11.9% met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
using DSM-III-R PTSD criteria. Degree of exposure was the
most powerful predictor of PTS. Race (African-American) and
gender (female) posed significant risk factors for PTS.
Self-reported internalizing symptoms and teacher-reported
externalizing symptoms were positively predicted by
intercurrent PTS, and independently of PTS, by degree of
exposure. Comorbid symptoms showed interesting interactions
with exposure, race, and gender. Lack of self-attributed
personal efficacy predicted PTS but did not moderate the
effects of race or gender on PTS risk. CONCLUSIONS: This
study, which used a population-based sampling strategy,
strengthens and extends findings from earlier literature on
pediatric PTSD in showing that (1) PTS and comorbid
internalizing and externalizing symptoms rise in direct
proportion to degree of exposure; (2) gender and race show
variable effects on risk for PTS and comorbid symptoms; and
(3) comorbid symptoms are positively correlated with PTS and
may represent primary outcomes of traumatic exposure in
their own right.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199708000-00015},
Key = {fds275176}
}
@article{fds203079,
Author = {JS March and JD Parker and K Sullivan and P Stallings and CK
Conners},
Title = {The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC):
factor structure, reliability, and validity.},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {554-65},
Year = {1997},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Analysis of Variance • Anxiety •
Child • Cross-Sectional Studies • Factor Analysis,
Statistical • Female • Humans • Male •
North Carolina • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
• Psychometrics • Reproducibility of Results
• Sex Factors • diagnosis* • methods* •
psychology* • standards • standards*},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the history, factor structure,
reliability, and validity of the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children (MASC). METHODS: In two separate
school-based population studies, principal-components factor
analysis was used, first, to test a theory-driven factor
structure, and second, to develop an empirically derived
factor structure for the MASC. In a separate study using a
clinical population, test-retest reliability at 3 weeks and
3 months, interrater concordance, and convergent and
divergent validity were examined. RESULTS: The final version
of the MASC consists of 39 items distributed across four
major factors, three of which can be parsed into two
subfactors each. Main and subfactors include (1) physical
symptoms (tense/restless and somatic/autonomic), (2) social
anxiety (humiliation/rejection and public performance
fears), (3) harm avoidance (perfectionism and anxious
coping), and (4) separation anxiety. The MASC factor
structure, which presumably reflects the in the vivo
structure of pediatric anxiety symptoms, is invariant across
gender and age and shows excellent internal reliability. As
expected, females show greater anxiety on all factors and
subfactors than males. Three-week and 3-month test-retest
reliability was satisfactory to excellent. Parent-child
agreement was poor to fair. Concordance was greatest for
easily observable symptom clusters and for mother-child over
father-child or father-mother pairs. Shared variance with
scales sampling symptom domains of interest was highest for
anxiety, intermediate for depression, and lowest for
externalizing symptoms, indicating adequate convergent and
divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The MASC is a promising
self-report scale for assessing anxiety in children and
adolescents.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019},
Key = {fds203079}
}
@article{fds275175,
Author = {JS March and JD Parker and K Sullivan and P Stallings and CK
Conners},
Title = {The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC):
factor structure, reliability, and validity.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {36},
Number = {4},
Pages = {554-565},
Year = {1997},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9100431},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the history, factor structure,
reliability, and validity of the Multidimensional Anxiety
Scale for Children (MASC). METHOD: In two separate
school-based population studies, principal-components factor
analysis was used, first, to test a theory-driven factor
structure, and second, to develop an empirically derived
factor structure for the MASC. In a separate study using a
clinical population, test-retest reliability at 3 weeks and
3 months, interrater concordance, and convergent and
divergent validity were examined. RESULTS: The final version
of the MASC consists of 39 items distributed across four
major factors, three of which can be parsed into two
subfactors each. Main and subfactors include (1) physical
symptoms (tense/restless and somatic/autonomic), (2) social
anxiety (humiliation/rejection and public performance
fears), (3) harm avoidance (perfectionism and anxious
coping), and (4) separation anxiety. The MASC factor
structure, which presumably reflects the in the vivo
structure of pediatric anxiety symptoms, is invariant across
gender and age and shows excellent internal reliability. As
expected, females show greater anxiety on all factors and
subfactors than males. Three-week and 3-month test-retest
reliability was satisfactory to excellent. Parent-child
agreement was poor to fair. Concordance was greatest for
easily observable symptom clusters and for mother-child over
father-child or father-mother pairs. Shared variance with
scales sampling symptom domains of interest was highest for
anxiety, intermediate for depression, and lowest for
externalizing symptoms, indicating adequate convergent and
divergent validity. CONCLUSION: The MASC is a promising
self-report scale for assessing anxiety in children and
adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019},
Key = {fds275175}
}
@article{fds138630,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J, Amaya-Jackson L and Pyoos R (in press): Pediatric
post-traumatic stress disorder, in Weiner J (ed): Textbook
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Washington,DC:American
Psychiatric Press},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds138630}
}
@article{fds138631,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Penn JV, March JS and Leonard, HL (in press).
Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents.
In Dickstein L: Annual Review of Psychiatry: OCD Accross the
Lifecycle, M. Pato (ed), 16: APA Press, Washington,
DC},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds138631}
}
@article{fds138661,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Davidson, J., & March, J. (in press). Traumatic stress
disorders. In A. Tasman, J. Kay, & J. Lieberman (Eds.),
Psychiatry . Philadelphia: Saunders. March, J., & Mulle, K.
(in press). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for
obsessive-compulsive disorder. In E. Hibbs & P. Jensen
(Eds.), Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent
Disorders: Empirically Based Approaches . Washington:
American Psychological Press.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds138661}
}
@article{fds138662,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Leonard, H., & Swedo, S. (in press).
Neuropsychiatry of pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder.
In E. Coffey & R. Brumback (Eds.), Textbook of Pediatric
Neuropsychiatry . Washington: APA Press.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds138662}
}
@article{fds138663,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., & Albano, A. (in press). Assessment of anxiety in
children and adolescents. In T. Olendick (Ed.), Annual
Review of Psychology. Washington: American Pychological
Association Press.},
Year = {1997},
Key = {fds138663}
}
@article{fds274970,
Author = {SP Hinshaw and JS March and H Abikoff and LE Arnold and DP Cantwell and CK
Conners, GR Elliott and J Halperin and LL Greenhill and LT Hechtman and E al},
Title = {Comprehensive assessment of childhood attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder in the context of a multisite,
multimodal clinical trial},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {1},
Number = {4},
Pages = {217-234},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
Abstract = {As the largest randomized clinical trial conducted by the
National Institute of Mental Health, the Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) will yield data
on a diverse sample of 576 7.0- to 9.9-year-old children
with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
Combined type, regarding the relative and combined
effectiveness of psychosocial and pharmacologic
interventions. After delineating key challenges posed by
such a multisite investigation, we describe the MTA's
multiple-gating procedures for recruitment, screening, and
diagnosis of a diverse sample. We then discuss the
cross-domain assessment battery for tracking the sample
before, during, and after 14 months of active intervention.
Throughout, we emphasize the guiding principles that shaped
pertinent decision making. Highlighted are issues of
psychometric adequacy; dimensional vs. categorical
measurement; multi-method, multi-agent, and multi-domain
coverage; plotting of individual trajectories of development
and change; respondent bias and burden; appraisal of
treatment processes as well as outcomes; and construction of
composite indices. Copyright © Multi-Health Systems Inc.,
1997.},
Key = {fds274970}
}
@article{fds274972,
Author = {JN Epstein and NA Goldberg and CK Conners and JS
March},
Title = {The effects of anxiety on continuous performance test
functioning in an ADHD clinic sample},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {45-52},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
Abstract = {Several research studies have reported that the performance
of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) on continuous performance tests (CPTs) is affected by
comorbid anxiety. However, the specific anxiety
domains/symptoms that affect CPT performance as well as the
particular CPT performance measures have been inconsistent
across studies. The present study examines CPT performance
in 158 ADHD clinic-referred children using measures derived
from signal detection theory. Regression analyses are
conducted to examine whether any of the anxiety domains from
the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS)
account for variance on CPT performance measures. The main
finding of these analyses is that physiological anxiety
appears to increase response inhibition, whereas cognitive
anxiety appears to decrease response inhibition. This
finding suggests that physiological anxiety alone may be
responsible for increased response inhibition/decreased
impulsivity in children with comorbid anxiety. These results
are interpreted in the context of Gray's model of a
behavioral inhibition system. Copyright © Multi-Health
Systems Inc., 1997.},
Key = {fds274972}
}
@article{fds274973,
Author = {HL Leonard and J March and KC Rickler and AJ Allen},
Title = {Pharmacology of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
in children and adolescents},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {36},
Number = {6},
Pages = {725-736},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: To review the pharmacology of a new class of
medications, the potent selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs), what is known about their metabolism in
children and adolescents, and the practical clinical
implications of such. Method: Articles were retrieved
through Index Medicus searches for articles published during
the past 10 years on the SSRIs and on pediatric
pharmacology. Results: More than 300 articles were reviewed.
Pharmacological data, derived from relevant adult
literature, were summarized and extrapolated to children and
from the limited pediatric literature. The SSRIs represent a
new class of antidepressants with distinct advantages in
their side effect profile and their broad therapeutic index
over that seen with the tricyclic antidepressants. Their
advantage of few anticholinergic side effects and limited
cardiovascular toxicities are particularly relevant for the
pediatric population. The SSRIs are metabolized via the
hepatic cytochrome isoenzyme P450 system, and potential
drug-drug interactions are reviewed. Conclusions: The SSRIs
appear to offer advantages over the tricyclic
antidepressants. Unfortunately, pharmacokinetic data are
tacking, and systematic studies of safety and efficacy in
the pediatric age group are limited. Preliminary reports are
encouraging, but further study is required.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199706000-00008},
Key = {fds274973}
}
@article{fds274974,
Author = {R Frost and G Steketee and N Amir and M Bouvard and C Carmin and DA Clark and J Cottraux and J Eisen and P Emmelkamp and E Foa and E
al},
Title = {Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive
disorder},
Journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
Volume = {35},
Number = {7},
Pages = {667-681},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0005-7967},
Abstract = {Recent theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
emphasize the importance of cognitive contents (beliefs and
appraisals) and cognitive processes in the etiology and
maintenance of OCD. In order to evaluate these theories and
to assess the mechanisms of treatment-related change, it is
necessary to develop measures of the relevant cognitive
contents and processes. Several scales have been developed,
although many are unpublished and there is a great deal of
overlap among measures. The purpose of the present article
is to describe the progress of an international group of
investigators who have commenced a coordinated effort to
develop a standardized set of cognitive measures. This
article describes the theoretical bases and clinical
importance of such an endeavor, and the proceedings of the
working group meetings are summarized. Several methods of
assessment are reviewed, including idiographic methods,
information processing paradigms, and self-report measures.
The working group is currently developing and evaluating
self-report measures of appraisals about intrusions, and
self-report measures of OC-related beliefs. Consensus
ratings indicated that 6 belief domains are likely to be
important in OCD. These are beliefs pertaining to: (1)
inflated responsibility; (2) overimportance of thoughts; (3)
excessive concern about the importance of controlling one's
thoughts; (4) overestimation of threat; (5) intolerance of
uncertainty; and (6) perfectionism.},
Doi = {10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00017-X},
Key = {fds274974}
}
@article{fds274975,
Author = {LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and DP Cantwell and CK Conners and GR Elliott and LL Greenhill and L Hechtman and SP Hinshaw and B Hoza and PS Jensen and E al},
Title = {NIMH collaborative multimodal treatment study of children
with ADHD (MTA): Design, methodology, and protocol
evolution},
Journal = {Journal of Attention Disorders},
Volume = {2},
Number = {3},
Pages = {141-158},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {1087-0547},
Abstract = {The steering committee of the collaborative six-site
Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (the MTA) had to
develop a common protocol consistent with public health
goals and with scientific and clinical state of the art.
With the aid of statistical, educational, and public health
consultation, the steering committee balanced the stated
objectives of the RFA against budgetary, clinical, ethical,
and logistical practicalities. Two primary questions will be
addressed: (1) What is the relative long-term effectiveness
of excellent medication vs. excellent behavioral treatment
vs. the combination? (2) What is the relative long-term
effectiveness of each of these state-of-the art intense
treatments vs. routine community care? In a parallel-group
design, 576 children (96 at each site) age 7-9 in grades 1-4
are thoroughly assessed in multiple domains from multiple
informants and randomized to 4 treatment conditions: a
medication-alone strategy, a psychosocial-treatment-alone
strategy, a combination strategy, and community comparison
(assessment and referral). The first three groups are
treated for 14 months and all are re-assessed periodically
for 24 months. Each treatment strategy is multi-component,
with compromises between clinical flexibility and cross-site
uniformity supported by a multi-tiered supervisory/fidelity
structure, including 10 manuals, weekly teleconference
panels, site visits, circuit-riding consultants, and
feedback loops from therapists and supervisors to the
steering committee about clinical realities. The resulting
data should not only answer the primary questions above, but
also support secondary data analyses about the effect of
comorbidity, sex, SES, and other subject characteristics on
treatment outcome. The MTA should both provide conclusions
useful to the practicing clinician and define questions for
the next generation of investigations. Copyright ©
Multi-Health Systems Inc., 1997.},
Key = {fds274975}
}
@article{fds274976,
Author = {LE Arnold and HB Abikoff and DP Cantwell and CK Conners and G Elliott and LL Greenhill and L Hechtman and SP Hinshaw and B Hoza and E
al},
Title = {National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Multimodal
Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (the MTA): Design
challenges and choices},
Journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
Volume = {54},
Number = {9},
Pages = {865-870},
Year = {1997},
ISSN = {0003-990X},
Abstract = {The Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children
With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the
MTA, is the first child multisite cooperative agreement
treatment study of children conducted by the National
Institute of Mental Health. Rockville, Md. It examines the
long-term effectiveness of medication vs behavioral
treatment vs both for treatment of ADHD and compares
state-of-the-art treatment with routine community care. In a
parallel-groups design, 576 children (age, 7-9 years) with
ADHD (96 at each site) are thoroughly assessed and
randomized to 4 conditions: (1) medication alone, (2)
psychosocial treatment alone. (3) the combination of both,
(4) or community comparison. The first 3 groups are treated
for 14 months and all are reassessed periodically for 24
months. Designers met the following challenges: framing
clinically relevant primary questions; defining the target
population; choice, intensity, and integration and
combination of treatments for fair comparisons; combining
scientific controls and standardization with clinical
flexibility; and implementing a controlled clinical trial in
a nonclinical setting (school) controlled by others.
Innovative solutions included extensive decision algorithms
and manualized adaptations of treatments to speCifiC
needs.},
Key = {fds274976}
}
@article{fds275148,
Author = {JS March and HL Leonard},
Title = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a
review of the past 10 years.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1265-1273},
Year = {1996},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8885580},
Keywords = {Adolescent • Autoimmune Diseases • Child •
Cognitive Therapy • Combined Modality Therapy •
Comorbidity • Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive
Disorders • Humans • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors • Streptococcal
Infections • Streptococcus pyogenes •
complications • diagnosis • diagnosis* •
epidemiology • therapeutic use •
therapy},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from the perspective of
information relevant to American Board of Psychiatry and
Neurology recertification in child and adolescent
psychiatry. METHOD: The clinical and research literatures
were systematically searched or articles that address the
diagnosis and treatment of pediatric OCD. RESULTS: Drawing
from the literature and their own clinical experience, the
authors note that (1) OCD is a common neuropsychiatric
disorder; (2) comorbidity is common, especially with tic,
attention-deficit, anxiety, and affective disorders; (3) OCD
following group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection may
define an autoimmune sub-grouping calling for
immunomodulatory treatments; and (4) OCD-specific
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy with
a serotonin reuptake inhibitor define the psychotherapeutic
and pharmacotherapeutic treatments of choice, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Child psychiatrists should be familiar with the
differential diagnosis and treatment of OCD.},
Language = {eng},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199610000-00012},
Key = {fds275148}
}
@article{fds275049,
Author = {ED Levin and CK Conners and E Sparrow and SC Hinton and D Erhardt and WH
Meck, JE Rose and J March},
Title = {Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder.},
Journal = {Psychopharmacology (Berl)},
Volume = {123},
Number = {1},
Pages = {55-63},
Year = {1996},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0033-3158},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8741955},
Abstract = {Several lines of evidence suggest that nicotine may be
useful in treating the symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD). The current study was an acute,
placebo-controlled double-blind experiment to determine
whether nicotine might be useful as an alternative treatment
of adults with ADHD symptomatology. Six smokers and 11
nonsmokers who were outpatient referrals for ADHD were
diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Measures of treatment effect
included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale,
Hopkins' symptom check list (SCL-90-R), the Profile of Mood
States (POMS), Conners' computerized Continuous Performance
Test (CPT), the Stroop test, and an interval-timing task.
The smokers underwent overnight deprivation from smoking and
were given a 21 mg/day nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during
a morning session. The nonsmokers were given a 7 mg/day
nicotine skin patch for 4.5 h during a morning session.
Active and placebo patches were given in a counter-balanced
order approximately 1 week apart. Nicotine caused a
significant overall nicotine-induced improvement on the CGI.
This effect was significant when only the nonsmokers were
considered, which indicated that it was not due merely to
withdrawal relief. Nicotine caused significantly increased
vigor as measured by the POMS test. Nicotine caused an
overall significant reduction in reaction time (RT) on the
CPT, as well as, with the smokers, a significant reduction
in another index of inattention, variability in reaction
time over trial blocks. Nicotine improved accuracy of time
estimation and lowered variability of time-estimation
response curves. Because improvements occurred among
nonsmokers, the nicotine effect appears not to be merely a
relief of withdrawal symptoms. It is concluded that nicotine
deserves further clinical trials with ADHD.},
Key = {fds275049}
}
@article{fds138628,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Levin, E., Conners, C., Sparrow, E., Hinton, S., Erhardt,
D., Meck, W., Rose, J., & March, J. (1996). Nicotine effects
on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Psychopharmacology, 123, 55-63.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138628}
}
@article{fds138629,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J, Parker J, Sullivan K, Stallings S, Conners CK (in
press). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
(MASC): Factor structure, reliability and validity. J Amer
Acad of Ch Adolesc Psychiatry},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138629}
}
@article{fds138652,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Wells, K., & Conners, C. (1996).
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Part II.
Treatment. Journal of practical psychiatry and behavioral
health, 1, 219-228.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138652}
}
@article{fds138653,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Conners, C., Levin, E., Sparrow, E., Hinton, S., Erhardt,
D., Meck, W., Rose, J., & March, J. (1996). Nicotine and
attention in adult ADHD. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 32,
67-73.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138653}
}
@article{fds138654,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Conners, C., March, J., Erhardt, D., & Butcher, T. (1996).
Assessment of attention-deficit disorders. Journal of
Psychoeducational Assessment, 32:186-205. Leonard H, March
J, Allen A and Swedo S (in press): Serotonin reuptake
inhibitors I: Pharmacology, Journal of the American Academy
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138654}
}
@article{fds138655,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Greenhill, L., Abikoff, H., Arnold, L., Cantwell, D.,
Conners, C., Wells, K., Elliott, G., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw,
S., Hoza , B., Jensen, P., March, J., Newcorn, J., Pelham,
W., Severe, J., Swanson, J., & Vitiello, B. (in press).
Medication treatment strategies in the MTA study: relevance
to clinicians and researchers. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138655}
}
@article{fds138656,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J & Leonard H (in press): Obsessive-compulsive
disorder in children and adolescents: a review of the past
ten years, Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138656}
}
@article{fds138657,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J, Amaya-Jackson L, Terry R, Costanzo P(in press):
Post-traumatic stress symptomatology in children and
adolescents after an industrial fire, J Amer Acad of Ch
Adolesc Psychiatry},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138657}
}
@article{fds138658,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J & Mulle K (publication expected, Spring, 1996): A
Guide to Cognitive- Behavioral Psychotherapy for Children
and Adolescents with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder, New
York: Guilford Press},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138658}
}
@article{fds138659,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., & Albano, A. (1996). Assessment of anxiety in
children and adolescents. In M. Oldham (Ed.), Annual Review
of Psychiatry (Vol. XVI, pp. 35-88). Washington: American
Psychiatric Press.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138659}
}
@article{fds138660,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Davidson, J., Foa, E., Blank, A., Brett, E., Fairbank, J.,
Green, B., Herman, J., Keane, T., Kilpartick, D., March, J.,
McNally, R., Pitman, R., Resnick, H., & Rothbaum, B. (1996).
Posttraumatic stress disorder. In T. Widiger, A. Frances, H.
Pincus, M. Ross, M. First, & W. Davis (Eds.), DSM-IV
Sourcebook (Vol. 2, pp. 577-605). Washington: APA
Press.},
Year = {1996},
Key = {fds138660}
}
@article{fds274969,
Author = {JS March and K Wells and CK Conners},
Title = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Part II. Treatment
strategies},
Journal = {Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral
Health},
Volume = {2},
Number = {1},
Pages = {23-32},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {1076-5417},
Abstract = {In the second half of this two-part article, the authors
review the current state of knowledge about the treatment of
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the
lifespan. They first discuss general principles of
pharmacotherapy for ADHD and then review the use of the
psychostimulants, as well as nonstimulant medications, for
ADHD. A strong case is made for including psychosocial
interventions in any treatment plan in order to address the
complex set of treatment targets that characterize the
typical patient with ADHD. The authors review the types of
psychosocial interventions that have been found most
effective in ADHD, focusing especially on parent training
and pedagogical/behavioral school interventions. The article
concludes with a discussion of how to combine
psychopharmacological treatments and psychosocial
interventions most effectively and how to treat ADHD
patients whose conditions are complicated by comorbid
disorders. Copyright ©Williams & Wilkins, Waverly
Inc.,.},
Key = {fds274969}
}
@article{fds274971,
Author = {LL Greenhill and HB Abikoff and LE Arnold and DP Cantwell and CK
Conners, G Elliott and L Hechtman and SP Hinshaw and B Hoza and PS
Jensen and E al},
Title = {Medication treatment strategies in the MTA study: Relevance
to clinicians and researchers},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {10},
Pages = {1304-1313},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Abstract = {Objective: Clinicians have difficulty applying drug research
findings to clinical practice, because research protocols
use methods different from those used in daily office
practice settings. Method: To design a medication protocol
for a multisite clinical trial involving 576 children with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while
maintaining relevance to clinical practice, investigators
from the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment
Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (MTA study) developed novel medication strategies.
These were designed to work either in a monomodal or
multimodal format and to ensure standard approaches are used
across diverse sites. Each child randomized to medication
(projected N = 288) is individually titrated to his or her
'best' methylphenidate dose and has individual ADHD symptoms
monitored. Decision rules were developed to guide 'best
dose' selection, dose changes, medication changes, the
management of side effects, and integration with
psychosocial treatments. Conclusions: The MTA study uses a
controlled method to standardize the identification of each
child's 'best' methylphenidate dose in a national, multisite
cooperative treatment program. Although the titration
protocol is complex, the study's individual dosing approach
and algorithms for openly managing ADHD children's
medication over time will be of interest to clinicians in
office practice.},
Key = {fds274971}
}
@article{fds275048,
Author = {CK Conners and ED Levin and E Sparrow and SC Hinton and D Erhardt and WH
Meck, JE Rose and J March},
Title = {Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).},
Journal = {Psychopharmacol Bull},
Volume = {32},
Number = {1},
Pages = {67-73},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0048-5764},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8927677},
Abstract = {Nicotine, like the psychostimulants methylphenidate and
dextroamphetamine, acts as an indirect dopamine agonist and
improves attention and arousal. Adults and adolescents with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke much
more frequently than normal individuals or those with other
psychiatric conditions, perhaps as a form of self-medication
for ADHD symptoms. Nicotine might therefore have some value
as a treatment for ADHD. The present study is an acute
double-blind crossover administration of nicotine and
placebo with smokers (n = 6) and nonsmokers (n = 11)
diagnosed with adult ADHD. The drug was delivered via a
transdermal patch at a dosage of 7 mg/day for nonsmokers and
21 mg/day for smokers. Results indicate significant
clinician-rated global improvement, self-rated vigor and
concentration, and improved performance on chronometric
measures of attention and timing accuracy. Side effects were
minimal. These acute results indicate the need for a longer
clinical trial and a comparison with other stimulants in
adult ADHD treatment.},
Key = {fds275048}
}
@article{fds275080,
Author = {SW Heimann and JS March},
Title = {SSRI-induced mania [3]},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {4-},
Year = {1996},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
Key = {fds275080}
}
@article{fds274968,
Author = {JS March and HL Leonard and SE Swedo},
Title = {Neuropsychiatry of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children
and adolescents.},
Journal = {Compr Ther},
Volume = {21},
Number = {9},
Pages = {507-512},
Year = {1995},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0098-8243},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8565438},
Abstract = {Physicians understanding of the pathobiobiology, diagnosis,
and treatment of OCD in children and adolescents closely
resembles that for OCD in adults. Moreover, it is now clear
that OCD is a neurobehavioral disorder involving
dysregulation in links between cortical and subcortical
circuitry that is substantially influenced by serotonergic
neurotransmission. Although current treatments are not
generally curative, given a correct diagnosis and the
skillful combination of pharmacotherapy with a serotonin
reuptake inhibitor and focused cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapy, most children can be helped to resume a
normal developmental trajectory.},
Key = {fds274968}
}
@article{fds275079,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for children and
adolescents with OCD: a review and recommendations for
treatment.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {7-18},
Year = {1995},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7860461},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To critically review the published literature on
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. METHOD: The
psychiatric and psychological literature was systematically
searched for "studies" applying cognitive-behavioral
principles to children and adolescents with OCD. RESULTS:
Thirty-two investigations, most of them single case reports,
were identified. Despite manifold differences in terminology
and theoretical framework, all but one showed some benefit
for cognitive-behavioral interventions. Graded exposure and
response prevention form the core of treatment; anxiety
management training and OCD-specific family interventions
may play an adjunctive role. Poor compliance, inadequately
documented and inconsistently applied treatment, and lack of
exportability were recurrent problems. CONCLUSIONS: Abundant
clinical and emerging empirical evidence suggest that
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, alone or in combination
with pharmacotherapy, is an effective treatment for OCD in
children and adolescents. Future research in this area will
need to focus on comparisons of cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapy to other treatments, on component analyses,
and on the application of exportable protocol-driven
treatments to divergent patient populations.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199501000-00008},
Key = {fds275079}
}
@article{fds138623,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., & Mulle, K. (1995). Manualized
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive
disorder in childhood: a preliminary single case study.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 9(2), 175-184.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138623}
}
@article{fds138624,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Leonard, H., & Swedo, S. (1995). Neuropsychiatry
of obsessive- compulsive disorder in children and
adolescents. Comprehensive Therapy, 21(9),
507-512.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138624}
}
@article{fds138625,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Wells, K., & Conners, C. (1995).
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Part I. Assessment
and diagnosis. Journal of Practical Psychiatry and
Behavioral Health, 2, 23-32.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138625}
}
@article{fds138626,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Amaya-Jackson, L., & March, J. (1995). Posttraumatic stress
disorder. In J. March (Ed.), Anxiety Disorders in Children
and Adolescents (pp. 276-300). New York:
Guilford.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138626}
}
@article{fds138627,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Stallings, P., & March, J. (1995). Assessment of Anxiety in
Children and Adolescents. In J. March (Ed.), Anxiety
Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pp. 125-147). New
York: Guilford.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138627}
}
@article{fds138632,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J. (1995). Anxiety Disorders in Children and
Adolescents. New York: Guilford Press March, J., Leonard, H.
(in press), Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the
past ten years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138632}
}
@article{fds138633,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Mulle, K. (1995), Manualized cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in
childhood: a preliminary single case study. Journal of
Anxiety Disorders. 9(2): 175-184},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138633}
}
@article{fds138644,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J. S. (1995). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for
children and adolescents with OCD: A review and
recommendations for treatment. Journal of the American
Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(1),
7-18.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138644}
}
@article{fds138645,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Amaya-Jackson, L. (1995). Post-traumatic stress disorder in
adolescents. Adolescent Medicine, 6(2), 251-270.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138645}
}
@article{fds138646,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Conners, C., Erhardt, D., & Johnston, H. (1995).
Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
In J. Jefferson & J. Greist (Eds.), Psychiatric Clinics of
North America: Annual of Drug Therapy (Vol. 2, pp. 187-213).
Philadelphia: Saunders.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138646}
}
@article{fds138647,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Leonard, H., Swedo, S., March, J., & Rapoport, J. (1995).
Obsessive-compulsive disorder. In G. Gabbard (Ed.),
Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders (Vol. 1, pp. 301-314).
Washington: American Psychiatric Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138647}
}
@article{fds138648,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Leonard, H., & Swedo, S. (1995). Pharmacotherapy
of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder. In M. Riddle (Ed.), Child
Psychiatric Clinics of North America: Pharmacotherapy (pp.
217-236). New York: Saunders.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138648}
}
@article{fds138649,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Hooper, S. R., & March, J. S. (1995). Neuropsychology. In J.
March (Ed.), Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
(pp. 35-60). New York: Guilford Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138649}
}
@article{fds138650,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J. S., Leonard, H. L., & Swedo, S. E. (1995).
Obsessive-compulsive disorder. In J. March (Ed.), Anxiety
Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pp. 251-275). New
York: Guilford Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138650}
}
@article{fds138651,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J. S., Mulle, K., Stallings, P., Erhardt, D., &
Conners, C. K. (1995). Organizing an anxiety disorders
clinic. In J. March (Ed.), Anxiety Disorders in Children and
Adolescents (pp. 420-435). New York: Guildord
Press.},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138651}
}
@article{fds138664,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Leonard, H., Swedo, S. (1995). Pharmacotherapy of
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. In M. Riddle (Ed.), Child
Psychiatric Clinics of North America: Pharmacotherapy (pp.
217-236). New York: Saunders},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds138664}
}
@article{fds39072,
Author = {March, J},
Title = {Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents},
Series = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Booktitle = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the past ten
years},
Publisher = {New York: Guilford Press},
Editor = {J. March and H. Leonard},
Year = {1995},
Key = {fds39072}
}
@article{fds274967,
Author = {JS March and HL Leonard and SE Swedo},
Title = {Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder},
Journal = {Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North
America},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {217-236},
Booktitle = {Child Psychiatric Clinics of North America:
Pharmacotherapy},
Publisher = {New York: Saunders},
Editor = {M. Riddle},
Year = {1995},
Abstract = {The diagnosis and treatment of OCD in children and
adolescents strongly resemble the diagnosis and treatment of
OCD in adults. Differences derive largely from developmental
considerations, especially limitations in insight with
younger age and family dynamics and pattern of comorbidity.
Ideally, children with OCD should first receive
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy tailored to OCD and, if
not rapidly responsive to behavior therapy, a SRI. Some
physicians and patients may choose medication first, trying
to avoid the time, effort, and anxiety associated with
behavior therapy. Others prefer to begin with behavior
therapy in hopes of avoiding the need for medication and
accompanying side effects. Most prefer to combine the two
approaches, especially in severely ill patients. In all
cases, the decision to begin with pharmacotherapy versus CBT
or their combination depends on the clinician and the
individual patient and his or her family. Because there are
little empiric data favoring one SRI over another, choice of
agent depends largely on side-effect profile, accumulated
clinical experience, clinician and patient preference, and
ultimately new evidence from controlled studies comparing
SRIs. Supportive psychotherapy is useful in every case;
family therapy is useful when family problems interfere with
the implementation of OCD-specific interventions. Although
current treatments are not curative in the majority of
patients, given a correct diagnosis and the skillful
combination of pharmacotherapy and CBT, most children can be
helped to resume a normal developmental trajectory.},
Key = {fds274967}
}
@article{fds275178,
Author = {JS March and K Mulle},
Title = {Manualized cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for
obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood: A preliminary
single case study},
Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},
Volume = {9},
Number = {2},
Pages = {175-184},
Year = {1995},
Abstract = {Using a within-subject multiple baseline design plus global
ratings across treatment weeks, the authors conducted a
preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of manualized
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy in an eight-year-old girl
with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Eleven weeks of
treatment produced complete resolution in OCD symptoms;
treatment gains were maintained at six-month follow-up.
Symptom reduction within each baseline was specific to the
exposure and/or response prevention targets for that
baseline; generalization across baselines appeared late in
treatment.},
Doi = {10.1016/0887-6185(94)00038-7},
Key = {fds275178}
}
@article{fds275177,
Author = {JS March and K Mulle and B Herbel},
Title = {Behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with
obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial of a new
protocol-driven treatment package.},
Journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Volume = {33},
Number = {3},
Pages = {333-341},
Year = {1994},
Month = {March},
ISSN = {0890-8567},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8169177},
Abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors present an open trial of
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for children and
adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD: The
authors developed a treatment manual explicitly designed to
facilitate (1) patient and parental compliance, (2)
exportability, and (3) empirical evaluation. Successive
versions of the manual were used to treat 15 consecutive
child and adolescent patients with obsessive-compulsive
disorder, most of whom were also treated with medications.
RESULTS: Statistical analyses showed a significant benefit
for treatment immediately posttreatment and at follow-up.
Nine patients experienced at least a 50% reduction in
symptoms on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale at
posttreatment; 6 were asymptomatic on the National Institute
of Mental Health Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. No
patients relapsed at follow-up intervals as long as 18
months. Booster behavioral treatment allowed medication
discontinuation in 6 patients. No patient refused treatment;
2 discontinued prematurely. CONCLUSIONS:
Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, alone or in combination
with pharmacotherapy, appears to be a safe, acceptable, and
effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder in
children and adolescents.},
Doi = {10.1097/00004583-199403000-00006},
Key = {fds275177}
}
@article{fds138621,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Adams, G. B., Waas, G. A., March, J. S., & Smith, M. C.
(1994). Obsessive compulsive disorder in children and
adolescents: The role of the school psychologist in
identification, assessment, and treatment. School Psychology
Quarterly, 9(4), 274-294.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138621}
}
@article{fds138622,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J (ed) (1994): Anxiety Disorders in Children and
Adolescents, New York: Guilford Press},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138622}
}
@article{fds138634,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Mulle, K., Herbel, B. (1994), Behavioral
Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents With
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Open Trial of a New
Protocol Driven Treatment Package. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 33(3):
333-341},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138634}
}
@article{fds138639,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Maletic, V., March, J., & Johnston, H. (1994). Child and
Adolescent Psychopharmacology. In J. Jefferson & J. Greist
(Eds.), Psychiatric Clinics of North America: Annual of Drug
Therapy (Vol. 1, pp. 101-124). Philadelphia:
Saunders.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138639}
}
@article{fds138640,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Mulle, K., & Herbel, B. (1994). Behavioral
Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents With
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Open Trial of a New
Protocol Driven Treatment Package. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(3),
333-341.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138640}
}
@article{fds138641,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (1994). Post-traumatic stress
disorder in children and adolescents. PTSD Research
Quarterly, 4(4), 1-7.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138641}
}
@article{fds138642,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., & Mulle, K. (1994). How I Ran OCD Off My Land: A
Guide to Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy for Children and
Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Currently
distributed by the OC Foundation March, J. (1996). Manual
for the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC).
Toronto: MultiHealth Systems.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138642}
}
@article{fds138643,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Conners, C., Wells, K., March, J., & Fiore, C. (1994).
Methodological issues in the multimodal treatment of the
disruptive behavior disorders. In L. Greenhill (Ed.),
Psychiatric Clinics of North America: Disruptive Behavior
Disorders (pp. 361-378). Philadelphia: Saunders.},
Year = {1994},
Key = {fds138643}
}
@article{fds138618,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J. (1993). What Constitutes a Stressor? The
\"Criterion A\" Issue. In J. Davidson & E. Foa (Eds.),
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: DSM-IV and Beyond (pp.
37-54). Wasington DC: American Psychiaric Press,
Inc},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds138618}
}
@article{fds138620,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Foa E, March J: Behavioral psychotherapy for OCD. In (ed
Greist J, Jefferson J): Diagnosis and treatment of OCD.
Ciba-Geigy, 1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds138620}
}
@article{fds138636,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Johnston H, Swift W, March J: High dose tricyclic therapy in
children: A case report and commentary. Journal of Child and
Adolescent Psychopharamcology 3: 115-125,
1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds138636}
}
@article{fds138637,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {Amaya-Jackson L, March J: Post-traumatic stress disorder in
children and adolescents. In (ed Leonard H): Anxiety
Disorders. Philadelphia, Sanders, 1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds138637}
}
@article{fds138638,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March J, Amaya-Jackson L: Post-traumatic stress disorder in
children and adolescents, PTSD Research Quarterly, National
Center for PTSD Research Quarterly, National Center for
PTSD, White River Junction VT: Veterans Admnistration 4 (4):
1-7, 1993.},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds138638}
}
@article{fds39070,
Author = {March, J.},
Title = {What Constitutes a Stressor? The "Criterion A"
Issue},
Pages = {37-54},
Booktitle = {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: DSM-IV and
Beyond},
Publisher = {Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press,
Inc},
Editor = {J. Davidson and E. Foa},
Year = {1993},
Key = {fds39070}
}
@article{fds274966,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine in PTSD [7]},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {149},
Number = {3},
Pages = {413-},
Year = {1992},
Key = {fds274966}
}
@article{fds274965,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Posttraumatic stress in the emergency setting},
Journal = {Emergency Care Quarterly},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {74-81},
Year = {1991},
Abstract = {In summary, extremely violent events, whether natural or
human in origin, are unfortunately all too common. EMS
workers encounter persons potentially traumatized by such
events in the course of their normal duties. EMS personnel
are thus in an excellent position to minimize psychologic
morbidity following exposure to extreme stressors by
implementing an early intervention strategy. Early
intervention depends on an understaning of the trauma
response, accurate differential diagnosis, careful risk
assessment prior to triage, brief psychotherapeutic
interventions in the EMS setting, and psychiatric
consultation or follow-up when indicated. Skillful
intercession by knowledgeable EMS personnel can
substantially minimize posttraumatic psychiatric
morbidity.},
Key = {fds274965}
}
@article{fds274962,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {The nosology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder},
Journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},
Volume = {4},
Number = {1},
Pages = {61-82},
Year = {1990},
Abstract = {Since its introduction as a diagnostic category in DSM-III,
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder has been the subject of
continuing nosologic disagreement. Two theoretical
perspectives-one emphasizing traumatic imagery, the other
conditioned anxiety-subtly permeate the field. A sizable
empirical database has also accrued. These contributions are
discussed in the context of nosologic arguments endorsing
the theoretical construct and the applicability of the
DSM-III-R criteria set.},
Doi = {10.1016/0887-6185(90)90024-4},
Key = {fds274962}
}
@article{fds274963,
Author = {JS March and KA Kobak and JW Jefferson and J Mazza and JH
Greist},
Title = {A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluvoxamine
versus imipramine in outpatients with major
depression},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychiatry},
Volume = {51},
Number = {5},
Pages = {200-202},
Year = {1990},
Abstract = {The authors employed a double-blind, placebo-controlled
design to investigate the effectiveness of fluvoxamine
versus imipramine in 54 outpatients with moderate major
depression. Fluvoxamine proved superior to placebo but not
to imipramine on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
and the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale.
Nausea and hyperarousal were the most common side effects in
the fluvoxamine-treated patients.},
Key = {fds274963}
}
@article{fds274964,
Author = {JH Greist and JW Jefferson and R Rosenfeld and LD Gutzmann and JS March and NE Barklage},
Title = {Clomipramine and obsessive compulsive disorder: A
placebo-controlled double-blind study of 32
patients},
Journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychiatry},
Volume = {51},
Number = {7},
Pages = {292-297},
Year = {1990},
Abstract = {Thirty-two nondepressed patients with obsessive impulsive
disorder were randomly assigned to treatment with
clomipramine (N=16) or placebo (N=16) in a 10 week
double-blind study. Of the 15 patients who received at least
3 weeks of clomipramine treatment, 11 (73%) improved, 5
(33%) improved by more than 50%, and none worsened.
Clomipramine treatment was associated with statistically
significant improvement on several measures of obsessive
compulsive symptoms. Side effects were more frequent and
severe with clomipramine than with placebo. Although most
patients tolerated clomipramine well, 3 discontinued
treatment because of side effects.},
Key = {fds274964}
}
@article{fds275077,
Author = {JS March and RL Moon and H Johnston},
Title = {Fluoxetine-TCA interaction},
Journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry},
Volume = {29},
Number = {6},
Pages = {985-986},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds275077}
}
@article{fds275078,
Author = {JS March},
Title = {Sleep disturbance in PTSD},
Journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
Volume = {147},
Number = {12},
Pages = {1697-},
Year = {1990},
Key = {fds275078}
}
@article{fds274960,
Author = {JS March and LD Gutzman and JW Jefferson and JH
Greist},
Title = {Serotonin and treatment in obsessive-complusive
disorder},
Journal = {Psychiatric Developments},
Volume = {7},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-18},
Year = {1989},
Abstract = {Recognized since the Middle Ages, and clearly described for
more than 100 years, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
continues to intrigue and challenge mental health
professionals. Recent evidence has implicated dysfunctional
serotonergic neurotransmission in OCD. This review
summarizes the evidence favoring a serotonergic hypothesis
for OCD followed by a more detailed discussion of the
implications the hypothesis holds for treatment.},
Key = {fds274960}
}
@article{fds274961,
Author = {JS March and H Johnston and JH greist},
Title = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder},
Journal = {American Family Physician},
Volume = {39},
Number = {5},
Pages = {175-182},
Year = {1989},
Abstract = {Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder complain of
anxiety-producing intrusive thoughts and/or perform
repetitive, anxiety-reducing rituals. A combination of
behavior therapy and drug therapy is generally beneficial in
this relatively common disorder. Behavior therapy consists
of exposing patients to anxiety-provoking situations and
helping them avoid ritualistic responses. Drug therapy
appears to work by blocking serotonin reuptake in the
brain.},
Key = {fds274961}
}
@article{fds274959,
Author = {CH Avery and J March and RH Brook},
Title = {An assessment of the adequacy of self-care by adult
asthmatics},
Journal = {Journal of Community Health},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {167-180},
Year = {1980},
ISSN = {0094-5145},
Abstract = {Little is known about how individuals who have chronic
disease actually manage their symptoms. This study involving
a community-based population of 157 adult asthmatics
assesses their ability to take care of their disease and to
alter their behavior following a change in symptoms.
Multiple techniques (interview, direct observation, and
diary) were used to determine their behavior with respect to
medications and physician use; these were then compared with
criteria defining the requisite level of a behavior to
reduce symptoms. Of the population assessed, 66% had no
bronchodilator medication at home, 24% used an inhaler
ineffectively, and 68% did not see a physician regularly.
When faced with increasing symptoms, at least 40% of the
asthmatics did not perform three basic and appropriate
behaviors in medication use and physician contact. If
physicians and other health care providers could decrease
the frequency of these inappropriate self-care behaviors, it
could result in improved health. © 1980 Human Sciences
Press.},
Doi = {10.1007/BF01323989},
Key = {fds274959}
}
@article{fds138619,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Parker, J., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., Conners,
C. (in press), The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for
Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability and validity.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
Key = {fds138619}
}
@article{fds138635,
Author = {J.S. March},
Title = {March, J., Amaya-Jackson, L., Costanzo, P., Terry, R. (in
press), Post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents
after an industrial fire. Journal of the American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
Key = {fds138635}
}