Publications of Hwansoo Kim
%% Books
@book{fds182776,
Author = {H. Kim},
Title = {Empire of The Dharma: Korean and Japanese Buddhism,
1877–1912},
Publisher = {Harvard Asia Center},
Year = {2013},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds182776}
}
@book{fds254847,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Empire of The Dharma: Korean and Japanese Buddhism,
1877–1912},
Volume = {344},
Pages = {444 pages},
Publisher = {Harvard University Asia Center},
Year = {2013},
Month = {February},
ISBN = {0674065751},
Abstract = {Empire of the Dharma explores the dynamic relationship
between Korean and Japanese Buddhists in the years leading
up to the Japanese annexation of Korea. Conventional
narratives cast this relationship in politicized terms, with
Korean Buddhists portrayed as complicit in the “religious
annexation” of the peninsula. However, this view fails to
account for the diverse visions, interests, and strategies
that drove both sides. Hwansoo Ilmee Kim complicates this
politicized account of religious interchange by reexamining
the “alliance” forged in 1910 between the Japanese Soto
sect and the Korean Wonjong order. The author argues that
their ties involved not so much political ideology as mutual
benefit. Both wished to strengthen Buddhism’s precarious
position within Korean society and curb Christianity’s
growing influence. Korean Buddhist monastics sought to
leverage Japanese resources as a way of advancing themselves
and their temples, and missionaries of Japanese Buddhist
sects competed with one another to dominate Buddhism on the
peninsula. This strategic alliance pushed both sides to
confront new ideas about the place of religion in modern
society and framed the way that many Korean and Japanese
Buddhists came to think about the future of their shared
religion.},
Key = {fds254847}
}
%% Papers Published
@article{fds329473,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Buddhism during the Chosŏn Dynasty (1392–1910): A
Collective Trauma?},
Volume = {22},
Number = {1},
Pages = {101-142},
Year = {2017},
Abstract = {An increasing number of recent scholars have challenged the
narrative of Korean Buddhism as persecuted, isolated, and
debased under the Neo-Confucian orthodoxy of the Chosǒn
dynasty (1392-1910). These scholars have revealed the
continued support from both the state and Confucian
aristocrats afforded to Buddhism; the friendship between
yangbans and monastics; and the recognition of monastics'
role in Chosǒn society. While these insights provide a
welcome nuance to a consideration of the period, it should
be also recognized that the anti-Buddhist paradigm was a
pervasive norm at the state and local levels throughout the
Chosǒn era. The perception that Buddhism was heretical and
that monastics were socially inferior was so deeply
ingrained in the minds of aristocrats and the populace for
so long that monastics developed a sense of collective
trauma. This article revisits the vicissitudes of Chosǒn
Buddhism by considering an incident that took place in the
1930s in colonial Korea. This case will help scholars of
Korean history and Buddhism understand how colonial-period
monastics acted from the trauma of the anti-Buddhist
paradigm of the Chosǒn dynasty.},
Doi = {10.1353/jks.2017.0004},
Key = {fds329473}
}
@article{fds220093,
Author = {H.I. Kim},
Title = {'The Mystery of the Century’: Lay Buddhist Monk Villages
(Chaegasŭngch’on) Near Korea’s Northernmost Border,
1600s–1960s},
Journal = {Seoul Journal of Korean Studies},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {269-305},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {This article examines the history of the villages of lay
monks (chaegasŭng) near North Korea’s northernmost
border. These communities had been ignored for centuries
until they suddenly became the object of scholarly and
public attention when Korea fell under Japanese colonial
rule (1910–1945). The men of the villages were called
“lay monks.” They shaved their heads, had wives and
children, and had more than one ethnic identity. Despite the
sizable number of lay monk villages in this region, their
long history and, more importantly, their monastic identity
and Buddhist lifestyle, narratives about these communities
are almost absent in the historiography of Korean Buddhism.
The absence of a written history is ascribed to that
historiography’s privileged focus on the influential
figures, doctrines, texts, and schools that contributed to
the protection of the state. Colonial experiences and
national divisions have reinforced these elite- and
nation-centered narratives about Korean Buddhism to the
exclusion of its more pluralistic, local dimensions on the
periphery. If the history of these lay monk communities is
understood within the context of Chosŏn Buddhism
(1392–1910) placed under the Neo-Confucian hegemony of the
Chosŏn dynasty, then clearly the existence of these
communities is not an anomaly developed independently, but
instead is an integral part of Korean Buddhism.},
Key = {fds220093}
}
@article{fds220092,
Author = {H.I. Kim},
Title = {Social Stigmas of Buddhist Monastics and the Lack of Lay
Buddhist Leadership in Colonial Korea (1910–1945)},
Journal = {Korea Journal},
Volume = {26},
Number = {2},
Pages = {269-305},
Year = {2014},
Month = {December},
Abstract = {One of the key characteristics of Buddhism during the late
nineteenth century through the first half of the twentieth
century was the rise of lay leadership in all aspects of
Buddhist tradition. East Asian Buddhism was no exception to
this trend, but the ways, degree, and timing in which this
modern phenomenon manifested itself varied, especially in
the case of Korean Buddhism, which saw a late arrival of lay
leadership. This article addresses the question of why lay
Buddhism struggled to emerge as a strong force in Korea
compared to China and Japan. Without a doubt, colonialism
was a key factor. Japanese rule disrupted the development of
the Korean Buddhist sangha. However, another key factor that
has been underestimated in the historiography of Korean
Buddhism is that Korean monks were socially stigmatized
during the colonial period (1910–1945). The rhetoric of
stigmatism was so ubiquitous in the personal writings of
monks and lay people, as well as in journals and newspapers
in colonial Korea, that it begs a closer analysis to
determine a correlation between the perception of monks in
society at this time and its influence on the development of
lay Buddhism in Korea. Thus, I would like to provide a
preliminary explanation of this correlation by highlighting
three interrelated aspects of Korean monastics in colonial
Korea: (1) the stigmatization imposed on Korean monastics
during the Neo-Confucian Joseon dynasty; (2) the persistence
of these stigmas in the minds of Koreans; and (3) their
internalization among Korean monastics themselves.},
Key = {fds220092}
}
@article{fds254845,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {’The Mystery of the Century’: Lay Buddhist Monk Villages
(Chaegasungch’on) Near Korea’s Northernmost Border,
1600s–1960s},
Journal = {Seoul Journal of Korean Studies},
Pages = {269-305},
Year = {2014},
Month = {February},
Abstract = {This article examines the history of the villages of lay
monks (chaegasung) near North Korea’s northernmost border.
These communities had been ignored for centuries until they
suddenly became the object of scholarly and public attention
when Korea fell under Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945).
The men of the villages were called “lay monks.” They
shaved their heads, had wives and children, and had more
than one ethnic identity. Despite the sizable number of lay
monk villages in this region, their long history and, more
importantly, their monastic identity and Buddhist lifestyle,
narratives about these communities are almost absent in the
historiography of Korean Buddhism. The absence of a written
history is ascribed to that historiography’s privileged
focus on the influential figures, doctrines, texts, and
schools that contributed to the protection of the state.
Colonial experiences and national divisions have reinforced
these elite- and nation-centered narratives about Korean
Buddhism to the exclusion of its more pluralistic, local
dimensions on the periphery. If the history of these lay
monk communities is understood within the context of Choson
Buddhism (1392–1910) placed under the Neo-Confucian
hegemony of the Choson dynasty, then clearly the existence
of these communities is not an anomaly developed
independently, but instead is an integral part of Korean
Buddhism.},
Key = {fds254845}
}
@article{fds254840,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Seeking the colonizer's favors for a Buddhist vision: The
Korean Buddhist nationalist Paek Yongsǒng's (1864-1940)
Imje Sǒn movement and his relationship with the Japanese
Colonizer Abe Mitsuie (1862-1936)},
Journal = {Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies},
Volume = {14},
Number = {2},
Pages = {171-193},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1598-2661},
Keywords = {colonialism, Zen Buddhism, Paek Yongso ̆ ng, Abe Mitsuie,
Buddhist modernity},
Abstract = {© 2014 Academy of East Asian Studies. In this article, I
will challenge the widely accepted, yet one-dimensional,
image of Paek as a staunch nationalist and argue that he
prioritized his modern Buddhist vision over the
allencompassing, nationalist goal, and thus was willing to
curry favor with the politically and religiously powerful
Abe Mitsuie. In a desperate effort to unify Korean Buddhism
under the Imje Zen lineage, Paek deemed Abe an ally and
approached him to seek influence on the colonial government
in favor of Paek's version of institutional reform. The fact
that Paek sought political favors from Abe not only
contradicts the immaculate nationalist status devoutly
attributed to him by some scholars of modern Korean
Buddhism, but also attests to the complex colonial realities
that prompted Koreans and Japanese alike to employ multiple
visions and identities, including religious, around which
they could build personal and group networks. Equally
importantly, their collaboration also reflects a larger
religious landscape of colonial Korea in which Zen Buddhism
emerged as a modern, alternative religion for Japan and
Korea.},
Key = {fds254840}
}
@article{fds254846,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Social stigmas of buddhist monastics and the lack of lay
buddhist leadership in colonial Korea (1910-1945)},
Journal = {Korea Journal},
Volume = {54},
Number = {1},
Pages = {105-132},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0023-3900},
Abstract = {One of the key characteristics of Buddhism from the late
nineteenth century through the first half of the twentieth
century was the rise of lay leadership. East Asian Buddhism
was no exception, but the ways, degree, and timing in which
this modern phenomenon manifested itself varied, especially
in the case of Korean Buddhism, which saw a delayed arrival
of lay leadership. This article addresses the question of
why lay Buddhism struggled to emerge as a strong force in
colonial Korea. A key factor that has been underestimated in
scholarship is that Korean monks were socially stigmatized
during the Joseon period (1392-1910). The rhetoric of
stigmatism was so ubi-quitous in journals and newspapers in
colonial Korea that it begs a closer analysis of the
correlation between the societal perception of monks and its
influence on the development of lay Buddhism. This article
first examines three interrelated aspects of Korean
monastics: (1) the stigmatization imposed on monastics
during the Neo-Confucian Joseon dynasty, (2) the persistence
of these stigmas in the minds of Koreans, and (3) their
internalization among Korean monastics themselves. The
article then draws out the impact of these three aspects on
the late and limited emergence of lay leadership. © Korean
National Commission for UNESCO, 2014.},
Key = {fds254846}
}
@article{fds214242,
Author = {H.I. Kim},
Title = {Pulgyo jŏk sigminjihwa?: 1910nyŏn ŭi Chodongjong/Wŏnjong
yŏnhap (A Buddhist Colonization?: The Sōtōshū/Wŏnjong
Alliance of 1910)},
Journal = {Pulgyo hakpo},
Volume = {36},
Number = {9-33},
Publisher = {Dongguk University, Seoul Korea},
Year = {2012},
Abstract = {One of the most infamous events in modern Japanese and
Korean Buddhist history was the alliance attempted between
the Japanese Sōtōshū(Sōtō Sect) and the Korean
Wŏnjong(Complete Sect) in late 1910, forty six days after
Japan annexed Korea. The Japanese Buddhist priests involved
have been characterized as colonialists and imperialists
trying to conquer Korean Buddhism on behalf of their
imperial government while the Korean monks orchestrating the
initiative have been cast as traitors, collaborators, and
sellers of Korean Buddhism. All the key figures-Takeda
Hanshi(1863-1911), Yi Hoegwang(1862-1933), clergy from the
Wŏnjong and Sōtōshū, and colonial government
officials-are portrayed in historiographies as villains. But
the politicized narrative of the alliance has neglected two
crucial points among others. First, behind Yi and Takeda was
a bilingual Korean monk named Kim Yŏnggi(1878-?) who played
a key role in this movement. Second, the Sōtōshū was not
enthusiastic about the alliance, which, thirdly, reveals
that Takeda’s vision for the alliance was at odds with
that of the heads of his sect. This article draws upon these
two findings in overlooked primary sources-about the
influential players, the Japanese and Korean sects’
conflicted motives, and the governments’ responses-to draw
out the complex power relationships and discourses
surrounding the attempted alliance.},
Key = {fds214242}
}
@article{fds254844,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {A Buddhist Colonization?: The Sotoshu/Wonjong Alliance of
1910 (Pulgyo jok sigminjihwa?: 1910nyon ui
Chodongjong/Wonjong yonhap)},
Journal = {Pulgyo hakpo},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {9-33},
Publisher = {Dongguk University},
Year = {2012},
Abstract = {One of the most infamous events in modern Japanese and
Korean Buddhist history was the alliance attempted between
the Japanese Sotoshu(Soto Sect) and the Korean
Wonjong(Complete Sect) in late 1910, forty six days after
Japan annexed Korea. The Japanese Buddhist priests involved
have been characterized as colonialists and imperialists
trying to conquer Korean Buddhism on behalf of their
imperial government while the Korean monks orchestrating the
initiative have been cast as traitors, collaborators, and
sellers of Korean Buddhism. All the key figures-Takeda
Hanshi(1863-1911), Yi Hoegwang(1862-1933), clergy from the
Wonjong and Sotoshu, and colonial government officials-are
portrayed in historiographies as villains. But the
politicized narrative of the alliance has neglected two
crucial points among others. First, behind Yi and Takeda was
a bilingual Korean monk named Kim Yonggi(1878-?) who played
a key role in this movement. Second, the Sotoshu was not
enthusiastic about the alliance, which, thirdly, reveals
that Takeda’s vision for the alliance was at odds with
that of the heads of his sect. This article draws upon these
two findings in overlooked primary sources-about the
influential players, the Japanese and Korean sects’
conflicted motives, and the governments’ responses-to draw
out the complex power relationships and discourses
surrounding the attempted alliance.},
Key = {fds254844}
}
@article{fds254851,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {A Buddhist Christmas: The Buddha’s Birthday Festival in
Colonial Korea (1928–1945)},
Journal = {Journal of Korean Religions},
Volume = {2},
Number = {2},
Pages = {47-82},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds254851}
}
@article{fds254852,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {"The Future of Korean Buddhism Lies in My Hands" Takeda
Hanshi as a Soto Missionary},
Journal = {Japanese Journal of Religious Studies},
Volume = {37},
Number = {1},
Pages = {99-135},
Year = {2010},
ISSN = {0304-1042},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000280732000006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Was the work of Japanese Buddhist missionaries “evil,”
as many historians have indicated? To problematize this
view, this article revisits the most vilified of Japanese
Buddhist missionaries of the pre-colonial and colonial
period (1877– 1945). Takeda Hanshi (1863–1911) was both
a staunch imperialist and a Soto Buddhist priest. His infamy
in politics derives from his participation in the
assassination of the queen of Korea and enabling Japan’s
annexation of Korea. For Buddhists, he is the mastermind
behind the Soto sect’s attempt to control Korean Buddhism
through an alliance with its first modern institution, the
Wonjong. Scholars have focused on these three events, thus
reinforcing the view that Takeda was the epitome of Japanese
imperial aggression. However, a close examination of
Takeda’s writings from 1907 to 1911 sheds new light on his
missionary work. I argue that despite his imperial ideology,
Takeda made strenuous efforts, until 1910, to promote the
Wonjong and defend its autonomy. Based on overlooked primary
sources, this article presents a case study that furthers
recent scholarly calls to move beyond the imperialist/victim
or hero/traitor framing of colonial Korean Buddhist
history.},
Key = {fds254852}
}
@article{fds254853,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {A Buddhist Colonization?: A New Perspective on the Attempted
Alliance of 1910 Between the Japanese Sotoshu and the Korean
Wonjong (Pulgyo jŏk sigminjihwa?: 1910nyŏn ŭi
Chodongjong/Wŏnjong yŏnhap)},
Journal = {Religion Compass},
Volume = {4},
Number = {5},
Pages = {287-299},
Year = {2010},
Abstract = {One of the most infamous events in modern Japanese and
Korean Buddhist history was the alliance attempted between
the Japanese Sotoshu (Soto Sect) and the Korean
Wo?njong (Complete Sect) in late 1910, 46 days after
Japan annexed Korea. The Japanese Buddhist priests involved
have been characterized as colonialists and imperialists
trying to conquer Korean Buddhism on behalf of their
imperial government while the Korean monks orchestrating the
initiative have been cast as traitors, collaborators, and
sellers of Korean Buddhism. All the key figures—Takeda
(1863–1911), Yi Hoegwang (1862–1933), clergy from the
Wo?njong and Sotoshu, and colonial government
officials—are portrayed in historiographies as villains.
But the politicized narrative of the alliance has neglected
two crucial points among others. First, behind Yi and Takeda
was a bilingual Korean monk named Kim Yo?nggi
(1878–?) who played a key role in this movement. Second,
the Sotoshu was not enthusiastic about the alliance, which
reveals that Takeda’s vision for the alliance was at odds
with that of the heads of his sect. This article draws upon
these two findings in overlooked primary sources—about the
influential players, the Japanese and Korean sects’
conflicted motives, and the governments’ responses—to
draw out the complex power relationships and discourses
surrounding the attempted alliance.},
Key = {fds254853}
}
@article{fds254841,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {The Adventures of a Japanese Monk in Colonial Korea Soma
Shoei's Zen Training with Korean Masters},
Journal = {Japanese Journal of Religious Studies},
Volume = {36},
Number = {1},
Pages = {125-165},
Year = {2009},
ISSN = {0304-1042},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000270757100007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds254841}
}
%% Articles in a Collection
@article{fds328640,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Seeking the colonizer’s favours for a buddhist vision: The
korean buddhist nationalist paek yongsŏng’s (1864-1940)
imje sŏn movement},
Pages = {66-88},
Booktitle = {Buddhist Modernities: Re-Inventing Tradition in the
Globalizing Modern World},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781134884759},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315542140},
Key = {fds328640}
}
%% Book Reviews
@article{fds226428,
Author = {Nakanishi Naoki},
Title = {Colonial Korea and Japanese Buddhism (Chōsen Shokuminichi
to Nihon Bukkyō)},
Journal = {Japanese Religions Journal},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
Key = {fds226428}
}
@article{fds225246,
Author = {Kim Iryop (trans. by Jin Park)},
Title = {Reflections of a Zen Buddhist Nun: Essays by Zen Master Kim
Iryop},
Journal = {H-Buddhism},
Year = {2014},
Month = {July},
Key = {fds225246}
}
@article{fds309895,
Author = {Haedong, Y},
Title = {[Review of the book Shokuminchi Chosen to shukyo: Teikoku
shi, kokka shinto, koyu shinko (Colonial Korea and religion:
imperial history, state Shinto, and indigenous beliefs), by
Isomae Jun'ichi, reviewed by Yun Haedong, translated by
Hwansoo Kim]},
Journal = {Journal of Korean Religions},
Volume = {4},
Number = {2},
Pages = {203-4},
Year = {2013},
Month = {October},
Key = {fds309895}
}
@article{fds214244,
Author = {Eun-su Cho},
Title = {Korean Buddhist Nuns and Laywomen: Hidden Histories,
Enduring Vitality},
Journal = {Journal of Asian Studies},
Volume = {71/3},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
Key = {fds214244}
}
@article{fds254849,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Review: Cho Eun-su. Korean Buddhist Nuns and Laywomen:
Hidden Histories, Enduring Vitality. Albany: State
University of New York Press, 2011.},
Journal = {Journal of Asian Studies},
Volume = {71},
Number = {3},
Pages = {811-813},
Publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
Year = {2012},
Month = {August},
ISSN = {1752-0401},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000307182300035&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Doi = {10.1017/S0021911812000939},
Key = {fds254849}
}
@article{fds214243,
Author = {Ama Michihiro},
Title = {. Immigrants to the Pure Land: The Modernization,
Acculturation, and Globalization of Shin Buddhism,
1898-1941},
Journal = {Pacific Affairs},
Volume = {85/2},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
Key = {fds214243}
}
@article{fds254850,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Review: Ama Michihiro. Immigrants to the Pure Land: The
Modernization, Acculturation, and Globalization of Shin
Buddhism, 1898-1941. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i
Press, 2011.},
Journal = {Pacific Affairs: an international review of Asia and the
Pacific},
Volume = {85},
Number = {2},
Pages = {381-383},
Year = {2012},
Month = {June},
ISSN = {1715-3379},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000304793200011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Key = {fds254850}
}
@article{fds254848,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Review: Kendall, Laurel. Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF:
South Korean Popular Religion in Motion. Honolulu:
University of Hawai’i University, 2009.},
Journal = {Journal of Religion},
Volume = {91},
Number = {4},
Pages = {585-587},
Publisher = {The University of Chicago},
Year = {2011},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0022-4189},
url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000296100700029&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=47d3190e77e5a3a53558812f597b0b92},
Abstract = {Kendall, Laurel. Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South
Korean Popular Religion in Motion. Honolulu: University of
Hawai’i University, 2009.},
Doi = {10.1086/662410},
Key = {fds254848}
}
@article{fds189422,
Author = {Vermeersch, Sem},
Title = {The Power of the Buddhas: the Politics of Buddhism during
the Koryŏ Dynasty (918-1392).},
Journal = {Journal of Korean Religion},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds189422}
}
@article{fds254843,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Review: Vermeersch, Sem. The Power of the Buddhas: The
Politics of Buddhism during the Koryŏ Dynasty (918-1392).
Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center,
2008.},
Journal = {Journal of Korean Religion},
Year = {2011},
Month = {March},
Key = {fds254843}
}
@article{fds182778,
Author = {Park, Pori},
Title = {'Korean Buddhism during the Colonial Period (1810-1945) and
Han Yongun's Reforms},
Journal = {H-Buddhism},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds182778}
}
@article{fds254842,
Author = {Kim, H},
Title = {Korean Buddhism during the Colonial Period (1810-1945) and
Han Yongun’s Reforms [review of the book Trial and Error
in Modernist Reforms: Korean Buddhism under Colonial Rule,
Pori Park]},
Journal = {H-Buddhism},
Year = {2010},
Month = {November},
Key = {fds254842}
}