Curriculum Vitae

Box 90005, Durham, NC 27708-0005

+1 919 684 2631 (office) (email)

Education

Ph.D.	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	1975
B.A.	Oberlin College	1967

Areas of Research

Western Europe, Political Economy, and Labor Politics

Professional Experience / Employment History

Duke University

Provost, July 1996-present

Vice Provost for Academic and International Affairs, 1994-1996

Special Assistant to the Provost for International Affairs, 1993-1994

Professor, Department of Political Science, 1989-present

Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, 1982-1989

Harvard University

Commuting Fellow, Center for European Studies, 1981-1984

Associate Professor, Department of Government, 1978-1981

Lecturer, Program on Social Studies, 1974-1981

Research Associate, Center for European Studies, 1973-1981

Assistant Professor, Department of Government, 1973-1978

Visiting Positions

Visiting Professor, University of Milan, Spring 1986

Visiting Associate Professor, Duke University, 1981-1982

Awards, Honors, and Distinctions

AAAS Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1991-1992
Fulbright Research Scholar, Milan, Italy, 1986
German Marshall Fund Fellow for Project on Consensual Wage Regulation, 1982-1983
Scholars Fellowship, Woodrow Wilson International Center, 1981-1983
Visitors Program Grantee, European Community, 1978
Postdoctoral Fellowship, Center for European Studies, Spring Semester, 1975
Foreign Area Fellowship, Social Science Research Council, 1970-1971
NDEA, 1968-1969
Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, 1967

Professional Service

Dept Officer

Acting DGS, Department of Political Science, Fall 1993

Chair, Department of Political Science, 1996-1999

Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, 1983-1991

Dept Committees

Chair, Drafting Committee for Department of Political Science proposal for Henry R. Luce Professorship in Democracy, Liberty and the Market Economy, June 1984

Chair, Search Committee for Assistant Professor in Comparative Politics-Western Europe, 1983

Chair, Program on Political Economy, 1996-1997

Chair, "Supersearch" Committee, Department of Political Science, 1993-1994

Co-Chair, Program on Political Economy, 1993-1994

Chair, Search Committee for Junior Political Science Appointment in Methodology, 1985-1986

Member, Search Committee for Senior Historian in Central European History, 1984-1986

Member, Search Committee for Henry R. Luce Professor in Democracy, Liberty and the Market Economy, 1984-1985

A&S Council

Member, Academic Council, May 1984

University Committee

Chair, Task Force to Develop Plan for Internalization of Duke University, 1991

Member, Trustee-Faculty Committee on Honorary Degrees, September 1987

Member, Executive Committee, Graduate School, June 1984

Chair, Committee to Review the Arts and Sciences Curriculum, 1997-1998

Staff, Board of Trustees, Academic Affairs Committee, 1995-1996

Chair, International Affairs Committee, 1994-1996

Member, President's Advisory Committee on Resources and Administration, 1992-1996

Member, Board of Trustees Business and Finance Committee, 1993-1995

Chair, Executive Committee on International Affairs, 1993-1994

Member, Search Committee for Provost, 1993-1994

Chair, Subcommittee of PACOR on the Formula System, 1992-1993

Member, Provost's Review Committee on International Studies, 1990-1991

Chair, Search Committee for Dean of Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1990-1991

Member, Priorities Committee of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, 1990-1991

Member, International Studies Review Committee, 1990-1991

Member, Provost's Committee on Academic Priorities, 1988-1991

Chair, Search Committee, Appointment in Latin American Politics, 1988-1990

Member, Steering Committee, Center for International Studies, 1988-1990

Member, Advisory Committee, Comparatrive Area Studies Program, 1982-1983; 1984-1987; 1988-1989

Member, Executive Committee of the Academic Council, May 1986-June 1987

Member, Advisory Board, Center for International Studies, 1983-1987

Chair, Graduate Faculty Committee on International Programs, 1984-1985

Member, President's Committee on Residential Life, 1984-1985

Other

Manuscript and Research Grant Reviewer, National Science Foundation, Canadian Social Science Research Council, American Political Science Review, World Politics, Comparative Politics, present

Manuscript and Research Grant Reviewer, American Journal of Political Science, Comparative Political Studies, Journal of Politics, Polity, present

Member, International Board of Editors, Stato e Mercato, present

Director (with Douglas McAdam, Professor of Sociology, University of Arizona), Workshop on International and Domestic Politics at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Summer 1994

Program Chairman, Conference on Europeanists of Council for European Studies, Spring 1992

Editor, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, Cambridge University Press, 1991-present

Chair, Program Section on Comparative Politics of Industrialized Nations for 1991 Meeting of Midwest Political Science Association, 1991

Member, Search Committee for Editor, American Political Science Review, 1990

Co-Chair, Conference Group on Italian Politics - Stato e Mercato Joint Conference on "The State and Social Regulation in Italy", Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio, April 1986

Chairman, Section on Advanced Industrial Democracies of 1981 Convention of American Political Science Association, 1981

Chair, Joint Committee on Western Europe, Social Science Research Council, 1993-1996

Member, Pan-European Working Group, Social Science Research Council, 1992-1994

Member, Political Science Advisory Panel, National Science Foundation, 1992-1993

Member, Executive Committee, Comparative Politics, American Political Science Association, 1991-1993

member, Joint Committee on Western Europe, Social Science Research Council, 1990-1993

President, Conference Group on Italian Politics and Society, 1989-1991

Founder and Chair, Organized Section in Comparative Politics, American Political Science Association, 1988-1991

participant, Brookings Institution Project on "European Political Institutions and Policymaking after 1992", 1989-1990

discussant, Brookings Institution Project on "Political Institutions and Their Consequences", 1989-1990

Member, Gabriel Almond Prize Committee, American Political Science Association, 1988-1989

Vice-President, Conference Group on Italian Politics and Society, 1987-1989

Chair, Program Section on Advanced Industrial Societies, Program for 1988 Annual Meeting of American Political Science Association, 1988

Co-Chair, Conference on Work and Politics in Italy, Harvard University, Center for European Studies, 1968-1988

Member, Executive Committee, Conference Group on Italian Politics and Society, 1981-1986

Member, Working Group on Order & Conflict in Western Capitalism, 1982-1985
   subcommittee of the Social Science Research Council on Western Europe - Subcommittee chaired by Professor John Goldthorpe, Oxford University

Member, Executive Committee, Council for European Studies, 1979-1982

Member, Steering Committee, Council for European Studies, 1978-1982

Program Chair, Conference Group on Italian Politics and Society, 1979-1981

Member, Faculty Council, 1979-1981

Chairperson and Organizer, "Inter-university Seminar on the State and Capitalism Since 1800", 1975-1981

Chairperson and Organizer, "Study Group on Italy", 1975-1981

Member, Executive Committee, Program on Social Studies, 1974-1981

Selected Recent Invited Talks

Inaugural lecture, Western European Studies Program, Notre Dame University, September 1988

"Concertation: Past, Present, and Future?", St. Antony's College, Oxford, March 6, 1986

"The Italian Accords and the Logic of Concertation", London School of Economics, London, March 13, 1986

Presentation of Research to Research Center of Confederazione Generale Italiana di Lavoro (C.G.I.L.), Rome, Italy, June 1983

"Italian Political Development", Council on Foreign Relations, March 1978

"The United States and the Italian Communist Party: The Principles of American Foreign Policy and the 'Communist Question'", The Lehrman Institute, New York, May 1978

"Italian Political Scene and its Implications for U.S. Policy", Council on Foreign Relations, October 1976

Doctoral Theses Directed

Humphrey Costello, "The Political Economy of Property Restitution in Transitional Societies", (2003)

Harlan Koff, "Fortress Europe or a Europe of Fortresses?: The Integration of Non-European Union Immigrants in Western Europe", (2002)

Sarah Brooks, "Democratization, Liberalization and Pension Reform in Latin America", (2000)

Louise Davidson-Schmich, "German Unification and Policy Integration", (1999)

Amy Poteete, "Central Policy and Local Resistance: Grazing Rights in Botswana", (1999)

Layna Mosley, "Different Strokes: Political Responses to Globalization in Advanced Industrial Democracies", (1999)

David Buchholz, "Competition and Corporate Incentives: Dilemmas in Economic Development", (1998)

Lyle Scruggs, "Sustaining Abundance: Environmental Performance in Advanced Democracies", (1998)

Christopher Welna, "Reform of Justice and the Proliferation of Human Rights: Nongovernmental Organizations in Mexico (1977-1994)", (1997)

Alberto Diaz, "Political Responses to Regional Inequality, Taxation, and Distribution in Mexico", (1997)

John Constantelos, "European Integration and the Politics of Adjustment: Regional Interest Group Strategies in France and Italy", (1996)

William Bernhard, "The Political Economy of Central Banking", (1996)

Torben Iversen, "Contested Economic Institutions: The Politics of Macro-Economics and Wage Bargaining in Organized Capitalism", (1995)

Pamela Camerra-Rowe, "Employer Responses to European Integration: German and British Firms and the 1992 Process", (1994)

David Rowe, "Domestic Political Responses to Economic Sanctions", (1994)

Nigel Boyle, "The Politics of Recommodification: Labor Market Policy in Britain since 1979", (1992)

Randall Kindley, "The Role of the Shop Councillor in Concertative Wage Regulation: The Case of Austria", (1992)

Christopher Blake, "The Transition to Democracy and the Politics of Concertation in Argentina", (1992)

Felipe Aguero, "The Assertion of Civilian Supremacy in Post-Authoritarian Contexts: Spain in Comparative Perspective", (1990)

Geoffrey Garrett, "Between Autonomy and Constraint: Government Economic Strategies Among the Advanced Industrial Democracies", (1990)

Hudson Meadwell, "Patterns in the Expression and Organization of Ethnic Nationalism: Brittany and Quebec, 1900-1940", (1988)

James Hollifield, "The Political Economy of Immigration: The French Case, 1945-1981", (1985)

Publications

Books

1. Lange, P; Vannicelli, M, The communist parties of Italy, France and Spain: Postwar change and continuity: A casebook, edited by Lange, P; Vanicelli, M (June, 2021), pp. 1-385, London: Allen and Unwin.
2. Lange, P; Ross, G; Vannicelli, M, Unions, change and crisis: French and Italian union strategy and the political economy, 1945-1980 (April, 2016), pp. 1-295, Routledge (Chapter 1: Lange and Vannicelli, "Strategy under Stress: The Italian Crisis in Development Perspective"; Chapter 3: Lange and Ross, "Conclusions French and Italian Union Development in Comparative Perspective". Published in Italian as Sindacato Cambiamenti e Crisi in Francia e in Italia (Milan: Franco Angeli, 1988.).
3. Lange, P, Preface (November, 2012), pp. 1-5.
4. Lange, P; Tarrow, S, Italy in transition: Conflict and consensus (November, 2012), pp. 1-186.
5. Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, edited by Kitschelt, H; Lange, P; Marks, G; Stephens, J (1999), Cambridge University Press.
6. Lange, P, State, Market and Social Regulation: New Perspectives on Italy, edited by Lange, P; Regini, M (1989), New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Lange, P, Stato e Regolazione Sociale, edited by Lange, P; Regini, M (1987), Bologna: Il Mulino (Partially different from preceding volume.).
8. Lange, P, Industrial Relations in International Perspective, edited by Lange, P; Doeringer, P; Gourevitch, P; Martin, A (1980).
9. Lange, P, Italy in Transition, edited by Lange, P; Tarrow, S (1980), London: Frank Cass (Also published as Fall, 1979 Special Issue on Italy of West European Politics.).

Chapters in Books

1. Lange, P; Scrugs, L, Unemployment and Union Density, in Unemployment in the New Europe (2001), New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. P. Lange with Miriam Golden and Michael Wallerstein, "Postwar Trade Union Organization and Industrial Relations in Twelve Countries", in Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (1998), New York: Cambridge University Press.
3. P. Lange with Herbert Kitschelt, Gary Marks and John Stephens, Conclusion: Convergence and Divergence in Advanced Capitalist Democracies", in Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (1998), New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. P. Lange with Miriam Golden and Michael Wallerstein, "Postwar Trade Union Organization and Industrial Relations in Twelve Countries", in Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (1998), New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. P. Lange with Herbert Kitschelt, Gary Marks and John Stephens, "Conclusion: Convergence and Divergence in Advanced Capitalist Democracies", in Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (1998), New York: Cambridge University Press.
6. Lange, P; Golden, M; Wallerstein, M, Postwar Trade Union Organization and Industrial Relations in Twelve Countries, in Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (1998), New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Lange, P; Kitschelt, H; Marks, G; Stephens, J, Conclusion: Convergence and Divergence in Advanced Capitalist Democracies", in Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (1998), New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Lange, P; Golden, M; Wallerstein, M, The End of Corporatism?, in The Workers of Nations: Industrial Relations in a Global Economy, edited by Jacoby, S (1995), Oxford University Press.
9. Lange, P; Tsebelis, G, Wage Negotiations and Strikes: An Equilibrium Analysis, in Towards a New Science of Politics, edited by Booth, WJ; Meadwell, H; James, P (1994), New York: Cambridge University Press (A somewhat more empirical and less theoretical version appeared as "Strikes in the 1970s and 1980s: A Game Theoretic Approach", in Sanford Jacobi, ed., The Workers of Nations: Industrial Relations in a Global Economy, Oxford University Press, 1995.).
10. Lange, P, New Dimensions of Research on the European Community, in Stato e Mercato, edited by Lange, P (May, 1993) (The issue included articles from poltiical scientists, sociologists and economists from the U.S. and Germany.).
11. Lange, P, The Politics of the Social Dimension: Interests, State and Redistribution of the 1992 Process, in Europolitics, edited by Sbragia, A (1992), Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution (Also published in Italian in Giornale del Diritto del Lavoro, Winter 1992.).
12. Lange, P; Keech, W; Bates, RH, Political Economy Within Nations, in The Political Science Discipline, edited by Crotty, W (1991), Chicago: Northwestern Press.
13. Lange, P, The Decline of Concertation and the Italian Accords: Some Hyptheses about the Political Roots of Concertation in Italy, in Diritto del Lavoro e corporativismo in Europa: ieri ed oggi (1988), Milan: Franco Angeli.
14. LANGE, P, COMPARATIVE POLITICS OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL-SOCIETIES, Ps, vol. 20 no. 4 (September, 1987), pp. 930-931, AMER POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOC.
15. Lange, P; Regini, M, 'The State and Social Regulation: Concepts and Hypotheses' and 'The State and Social Regulation: Patterns of Change', in The State and Social Regulation in Italy, edited by Lange, P; Regini, M (1987), Bologna: Il Mulino (Introduction and Conclusion to Peter Lange and Marino Regini, eds. The State and Social Regulation in Italy (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1989).).
16. Lange, P, End of an Era: The Refereundum on the Scala Mobile, in Yearbook of Italian Politics, edited by Leonardi, R; Nanetti, R (1986), London: Francis Pinter (and Annuario d'Italia: 1985 (Bologna: Il Mulino 1986).).
17. Lange, P, Semiperiphery and Core in the European Context: Reflections from the Poswar Italian Experiences, in Semi-Peripheral Development - The Politics of Southern Europe in the 20th Century, edited by Arrighi, G (1985), Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
18. Lange, P; Meadwell, H, Typologies of Democratic Systems: From Political Inputs to Political Economy, in New Directions in Comparative Politics, edited by Wiarda, H (1985), Boulder: Westview Press (reprinted in revised form, 1990.).
19. Lange, P, Unions, Workers and Wage Regulation in Advanced Industrial Democracies: The Rational Bases of Consent, in Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism, edited by Godthorpe, J (1984), Lond: Oxford University Press.
20. Lange, P, Attivismo, ruoli e communicazione politica: il cao del PCI [Activism, Roles and Political Communication: The Case of the PCI], in L’identita communista, edited by Accomero, A; et. al., (1983), Rome: Editori Riuniti.
21. Lange, P; Gourevitch, P; Martin, A, Industrial Relations and Politics: Some Reflections, in Industrial Relations in International Perspective, edited by Doeringer, P; ed, PG; Lange, P; Martin, A; assoc, (1982), London: MacMillan.
22. Lange, P, Dilemmas of Change: Eurocommunism and National Parties in Postwar Perspective, in The Communist Parties in Itlay, France and Spain: Postwar Change and Continuity–A Casebook (1981).
23. Lange, P, The PCI and Possible Outcomes of Italy’s Crisis, in La Crisi, edited by Tarrow, S; Graziano, L (1979), Turin: Einaudi.
24. Lange, P; Vannicelli, M, L’America e il PCI: i principi della politica estera americans e la’questione Communista [The United States and the Italian Communist Party: The Principles of American Foreign Policy and the ’Communist Question] (1978), Bologna: Il Mulino.
25. Lange, P, The French and Italian Communist Parties: Postwar Strategy and Domestic Society, in Radicalism and the Contemporary Age, Volume 3: Strategies and Impact of Contemporary Radicalism, edited by Bialer, S (1977), Boulder: Westview Press.
26. Lange, P, The PCI and the Local Level: A Study of Strategic Performance, in Communism in Italy and France, edited by Blackmer, DLM; Tarrow, S (1975), Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Journal Articles

1. Leachman, L; Rosas, G; Bester, A; Lange, P, The Political Economy of Budget Deficits, Economics and Politics, vol. 19 no. 3 (2007), pp. 369-421, Blackwell.
2. Lange, PE, Networking helps to get rid of deficits in research and health care, Medizinische Welt, vol. 57 no. 4 (April, 2006), pp. 122.
3. Leachman, L; Bester, A; Rosas, G; Lange, P, Multicointegration and sustainability of fiscal practices, Economic Inquiry, vol. 43 no. 2 (September, 2005), pp. 454-466, WILEY.
4. Lange, P, Multicointegration, Sustainability of Fiscal Practices and the Role of Fiscal Institutions, Economic Inquiry (2004), WILEY.
5. Scruggs, L; Lange, P, Where have all the members gone? Globalization, institutions, and union density, Journal of Politics, vol. 64 no. 1 (January, 2002), pp. 126-153, University of Chicago Press.
6. Lange, P; Scruggs, L, Where have all the members gone? La sindacalizzazione nell'era della globalizzazione, Stato E Mercato no. 55 (April, 1999), pp. 39-78.
7. Wallerstein, M; Golden, M; Lange, P, Unions, employers' associations, and wage-setting institutions in northern and central Europe, 1950-1992, Ilr Review, vol. 50 no. 3 (January, 1997), pp. 379-401, SAGE Publications.
8. Davidson-Schmich, PLWL, European Elections or Elections in Europe? The European Electoral Consequences of European Economic Integration, Il Politico (Summer, 1995).
9. Garrett, G; Lange, P, Internationalization, Institutions and Political Change, International Organization, vol. 49 no. 04 (1995), pp. 627-627, Cambridge University Press (CUP) (Also published in slight different version in Robert Keohane and Helen Milner, eds., Internationalization and Domestic Politics, N.Y., Cambridge University Press, 1996.).
10. LANGE, P, Maastricht and the Social Protocol: Why Did They Do It?, Politics & Society, vol. 21 no. 1 (March, 1993), pp. 5-36, SAGE Publications (Also appeared in Italian in Stato e Mercato, May 1993.).
11. Beck, N; Katz, JN; Alvarez, RM; Garrett, G; Lange, P, Government partisanship, labor organization, and macroeconomic performance: A corrigendum, American Political Science Review, vol. 87 no. 4 (January, 1993), pp. 945-948, Cambridge University Press (CUP).
12. Garrett, G; Lange, P, Political Responses to Interdependence: What's Left for the Left?, International Organization, vol. 45 no. 04 (Fall, 1991), pp. 539-539, Cambridge University Press (CUP).
13. Alvarez, RM; Garrett, G; Lange, P, Government Partisanship, Labor Organization, and Macroeconomic Performance, American Political Science Review, vol. 85 no. 2 (June, 1991), pp. 539-556, Cambridge University Press (CUP) (Also published in Comparative Politics and the International Political Economy, edited by Ronald Rogowski which is part of The Library of International Political Economy, edited by Helen Milner and Robert Keohane and published by Edward Elgar.).
14. Lange, P; Tarrow, S; Irvin, C, Social Mobilization and Party Change, British Journal of Political Science (January, 1990).
15. Regini, M; Lange, P, Twenty Years after the Hot Autumn: Work and Politics in Italy from Rupture to Change, Labour, vol. 4 no. 1 (January, 1990), pp. 3-8, WILEY.
16. Lange, P; Irvin, C; Tarrow, S, Mobilization, Social Movements and Party Recruitment: The Italian Communist Party since the 1960s, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 20 no. 1 (January, 1990), pp. 15-42, Cambridge University Press (CUP).
17. Garrett, G; Lange, P, Government Partisanship and Economic Performance: When and How does "Who Governs" Matter?, Journal of Politics, vol. 51 no. 3 (August, 1989), pp. 676-693, University of Chicago Press.
18. Lange, P; Garrett, G, The Politics of Growth Reconsidered, Journal of Politics, vol. 49 no. 1 (February, 1987), pp. 257-274, University of Chicago Press.
19. Garrett, G; Lange, P, Performance in a Hostile World: Economic Growth in Capitalist Democracies, 1974–1982, World Politics, vol. 38 no. 4 (July, 1986), pp. 517-545, Project Muse.
20. Tarrow, PLWS; Encole, E, Phases of Mobilization: Social Movements, Generational Recruitment and Attitudes Towards Dissent in a Sample of Italian Communist Activists, Politica ed Economica, vol. 12 (1986).
21. Lange, P; Garrett, G, The Politics of Growth: Strategic Interaction and Economic Performance in the Advanced Industrial Democracies, 1974-1980, Journal of Politics, vol. 47 no. 3 (August, 1985), pp. 792-827, University of Chicago Press.
22. Lange, P, Soldi e solidarieta: Liberal Corporativismo e regolamentazione dei salari ["Money and Solidarity: Liberal Corporatism and Wage Regulation"], Stato e Mercato, vol. 9 (December, 1983).
23. Lange, P, La teoria degli incentive e l'analisi dei partiti politici ("Incentive Theory and the Analysis of Political Parties"), Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia (1981) (and in Democratie pluraliste, Issue I or Recherches en analyse politique comparee (Paris: Economica, 1981) edited by Jean-Louis Seurin.).
24. Lange, P, Crisis and Consent, Change and Compromise: Italian Communism in the 1970s, Italy in Transition and in West European Politics (Fall, 1979), pp. 110-132.
25. Lange, P, Crisis and Consent, Change and Compromise: Dilemmas of Italian Communism in the 1970s, West European Politics, vol. 2 no. 3 (October, 1979), pp. 110-132.
26. Lange, P, Sindacati, partiti, stato e liberalcorporativismo (Unions, Parties, in the State and Liberal Corporatism, Il Mulino, vol. 266 (1979) (Also appeared in Democratic Socialism, Bogdan Denitch, ed., (Montclair: Allanheld, Osmun and Co., 1981) and in Marco Maraffi, ed., La Societa Neo-Corporativa (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1981).).
27. Vannicelli, PLWM, Carter in the Italian Maze, Foreign Policy (1978).
28. Lange, P, La politica delle alleanze del PCI e del PCF, Il Mulino, vol. XXIX (1975).
29. Lange, P, What is to be done--about Italian Communism?, Foreign Policy (1975) (Reprinted in "A chi fa paura l'eurocommunismo?" (Florence: Uaraldi, 1977).).

Other

1. Lange, P, Union Democracy and Liberal Corporatism: Exit, Voice and Wage Regulation in Postwar Europe (1984), Ithaca, NY: Cornell Studies in International Affairs: Western Societies Papers.
2. Lange, P, Norwegian Incomes Policy in Comparative Perspective, Testimony to the Joint Economic Committee of the United States’ Congress, October 20, 1981 and printed by the Committee (1982), Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
3. Lange, P, Voter Turnout in Advnaced Industrial Democracy, Study prepared for the Committee for the Study of the American Electorate (September, 1979), Study prepared for the Committee for the Study of the American Electorate.