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| Publications of Grainne Fitzsimons :chronological alphabetical combined listing:
%% Journal Articles
@article{fds372427,
Author = {Wingrove, S and Paek, JJW and Ponce de Leon and R and Fitzsimons,
GM},
Title = {Tying the value of goals to social class.},
Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
Volume = {125},
Number = {4},
Pages = {699-719},
Year = {2023},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000346},
Abstract = {Although everyone strives toward valued goals, we suggest
that not everyone will be perceived as doing so equally. In
this research, we examine the tendency to use social class
as a cue to understand the importance of others' goals. Six
studies find evidence of a goal-value bias: Observers
perceive goals across a variety of domains as more valuable
to higher class than to lower class individuals (Studies
1-6). These perceptions do not appear to reflect reality
(pilot study), and those who are strongly motivated to
justify inequality show the bias to a greater extent
(Studies 5 and 6), suggesting a motivated pathway. We also
explore implications of the bias, finding that Americans
tend to offer better opportunities to, and prefer to
collaborate with, higher class than lower class others,
revealing discriminatory outcomes that are partially driven
by perceived goal value (Studies 2, 3, 4, 6). Results
suggest that Americans expect higher class individuals to
value achieving goals more than their lower class
counterparts, fueling increased support for those who are
already ahead. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all
rights reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/pspa0000346},
Key = {fds372427}
}
@article{fds365805,
Author = {Wingrove, S and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Interpersonal consequences of conveying goal
ambition},
Journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes},
Volume = {172},
Year = {2022},
Month = {September},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104182},
Abstract = {Setting ambitious goals is a proven strategy for improving
performance, but we suggest it may have interpersonal costs.
We predict that relative to those with moderately ambitious
goals, those with highly ambitious goals (and those with
unambitious goals) will receive more negative interpersonal
evaluations, being seen as less warm and as offering less
relationship potential. Thirteen studies including nine
preregistered experiments, three preregistered replications,
and one archival analysis of graduate school applications
(total N = 6,620) test these hypotheses. Across career,
diet, fitness, savings, and academic goals, we found a
robust effect of ambition on judgments, such that moderately
ambitious goals led to the most consistently positive
interpersonal expectations. To understand this phenomenon,
we consider how ambition influences judgments of investment
in one's own goals as opposed to supportiveness for other
people's goals and explore expectations about goal
supportiveness as one mechanism through which ambition may
influence interpersonal judgments.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104182},
Key = {fds365805}
}
@article{fds365464,
Author = {Paek, JJW and Zee, KS and Fitzsimons, GM and Higgins,
ET},
Title = {Congratulations, So Happy for You! Promotion Motivation
Predicts Social Support for Positive Events},
Journal = {Motivation Science},
Volume = {8},
Number = {4},
Pages = {285-297},
Year = {2022},
Month = {August},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000272},
Abstract = {People benefit when others react enthusiastically to their
good news, a process known as capitalization. However,
little is known regarding individual differences that
predict who responds enthusiastically, and how
capitalization might benefit responders. Drawing on
regulatory focus theory, we hypothesize that responders with
a stronger promotion predominance, who emphasize ideals and
pursue goals eagerly, (a) provide more enthusiastic
(active-constructive) responding following their partners’
capitalization attempts, and (b) experience positive
capitalization outcomes, namely higher perceptions of
interaction quality and greater positive mood. Findings from
1 correlational study (Study 1) and 2 dyadic studies
(Studies 2–3) supported these hypotheses. These results
are among the first to consider the role of motivation in
the context of capitalization interactions and reveal
important benefits associated with providing capitalization
support.},
Doi = {10.1037/mot0000272},
Key = {fds365464}
}
@article{fds363044,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Agency and Assistance in Transactive Goal
Systems},
Journal = {Psychological Inquiry},
Volume = {33},
Number = {1},
Pages = {35-37},
Year = {2022},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2022.2037997},
Doi = {10.1080/1047840X.2022.2037997},
Key = {fds363044}
}
@article{fds355226,
Author = {Sackett, E and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {The Effects of Extra-Team Goal Disclosure on Team
Performance, Viability, and Satisfaction},
Journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
Volume = {11},
Year = {2021},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.548842},
Abstract = {In addition to the team’s shared goals, team members also
often hold goals unrelated to the team. Research about such
goals, which we call “extra-team goals” (ETGs), has been
limited. In the current research, we examine how awareness
of a team member’s ETGs affects team outcomes. A
laboratory experiment examines the effects of disclosure of
different types of ETGs by one team member (target) on team
performance, team viability, and team satisfaction while
engaging in a brainstorming task. Our findings suggest that
there are significant positive effects of ETG disclosure on
team performance, team viability, and team satisfaction, and
that these effects are mediated by perceptions of the
target’s commitment to the team’s goal.},
Doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.548842},
Key = {fds355226}
}
@article{fds359592,
Author = {Moore, SG and Fitzsimons, GM and Fitzsimons, GJ},
Title = {She’ll take two: Relationship interdependence and negative
emotion in everyday choice for others},
Journal = {Journal of the Association for Consumer Research},
Volume = {5},
Number = {3},
Pages = {335-344},
Year = {2020},
Month = {July},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/709173},
Abstract = {Individuals frequently make choices for others. However,
little work has examined the emotional quality of doing so
or explored how relationship factors affect such choices. In
three experiments and one longitudinal study, we explore how
relationship interdependence (i.e., mutual involvement with
and reliance on one’s partner) influences individuals’
emotions when choosing for their romantic partner. Our
studies show no effects of relationship interdependence on
positive emotion but reveal that individuals high (vs. low)
in relationship interdependence feel more negative emotion
when choosing (vs. not choosing) for their partner. Via
mediation and moderation, we show that this negative emotion
arises because individuals higher in relationship
interdependence view choosing for their partner as having
more potential negative consequences. Our data suggest that
the negative emotion experienced by those high in
relationship interdependence can negatively impact
relationship quality, which may have implications for
individuals’ mental and physical health and their overall
well-being.},
Doi = {10.1086/709173},
Key = {fds359592}
}
@article{fds346445,
Author = {Reynolds, JP and Webb, TL and McCulloch, KC and Fitzsimons,
GM},
Title = {Self-regulatory consequences of observing others making goal
progress: A longitudinal field study in weight loss
groups.},
Journal = {British journal of health psychology},
Volume = {24},
Number = {4},
Pages = {970-981},
Year = {2019},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12389},
Abstract = {<h4>Objective</h4>What happens when people see others making
progress toward a goal that they also hold? Is it motivating
or could it undermine goal pursuit because people feel that
they have made progress themselves (i.e., they experience
vicarious goal satiation)?<h4>Methods</h4>We investigated
these questions in a longitudinal field context - a group
weight loss programme. N = 132 participants who were
overweight or obese and attended weekly weight loss classes
completed questionnaires over 11 weeks to investigate the
consequences of observing other people making progress
toward their goal of losing weight RESULTS: Observing others
making good progress was associated with participants
holding stronger intentions to lose weight themselves (B =
0.04, p = .012), positive goal-related affect (B = 0.27, p =
.017), and feeling that they were also making progress
themselves (B = 0.22, p < .001). However, observing others
making good progress was also associated with losing a
smaller amount of weight over the following week (B = .13, p
= .005). Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect
effect of observing others making good progress, via
feelings about their own progress, on changes in weight, B =
.02, 95% CI [.00, .04].<h4>Conclusions</h4>People who view
others making progress tend to be less successful at losing
weight themselves over the following week. The findings
suggest that this is, in part, explained by the person
feeling as if they have made progress themselves; thereby
providing the first demonstration of vicarious goal
satiation in a field context. Statement of contribution What
is already known on this subject? Many people strive toward
health goals (e.g., try to lose weight) with other people.
However, research into vicarious goal satiation (VGS)
suggests that seeing someone else achieve their goal may
lead people to believe that they have made progress
themselves and undermine goal pursuit. What does this study
add? A longitudinal test of VGS in a field context, namely
weight loss groups. Observing other people do well was
motivating for the observer. They also believed that they
had made progress themselves and were less successful at
losing weight.},
Doi = {10.1111/bjhp.12389},
Key = {fds346445}
}
@article{fds332998,
Author = {Briskin, JL and Kopetz, CE and Fitzsimons, GM and Slatcher,
RB},
Title = {For Better or for Worse? Outsourcing Self-Regulation and
Goal Pursuit},
Journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science},
Volume = {10},
Number = {2},
Pages = {181-192},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2019},
Month = {March},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617736112},
Abstract = {In recent years, there has been increasing interest in how
close relationships can impact personal goal pursuit.
Extensive research on social support has shown that support
often facilitates goal pursuit. However, Fitzsimons and
Finkel found that perceived partner support may actually
undermine motivation and decrease goal pursuit intentions.
In this article, we report three well-powered studies (N =
850) that investigated the conditions under which romantic
partners may bolster or undermine goal pursuit. In contrast
with the original Fitzsimons and Finkel’s findings, the
results of these studies consistently showed that perceived
partner support bolsters goal pursuit intentions by
increasing goal commitment. Implications for successful goal
pursuit in the context of relationships are
discussed.},
Doi = {10.1177/1948550617736112},
Key = {fds332998}
}
@article{fds340575,
Author = {Kim, JY and Fitzsimons, GM and Kay, AC},
Title = {Lean in messages increase attributions of women's
responsibility for gender inequality.},
Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
Volume = {115},
Number = {6},
Pages = {974-1001},
Year = {2018},
Month = {December},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000129},
Abstract = {Although women's underrepresentation in senior-level
positions in the workplace has multiple causes, women's
self-improvement or "empowerment" at work has recently
attracted cultural attention as a solution. For example, the
bestselling book <i>Lean In</i> states that women can tackle
gender inequality themselves by overcoming the "internal
barriers" (e.g., lack of confidence and ambition) that
prevent success. We sought to explore the consequences of
this type of women's empowerment ideology. Study 1 found
that perceptions of women's ability to solve inequality were
associated with attributions of women's responsibility to do
so. Studies 2, 3, 5a, and 5b experimentally manipulated
exposure to women's empowerment messages, finding that while
such messages increase perceptions that women are empowered
to solve workplace gender inequality, they also lead to
attributions that women are more responsible both for
creating and solving the problem. Study 4 found a similar
pattern in the context of a specific workplace problem, and
found that such messages also lead to a preference for
interventions focused on changing women rather than changing
the system. Studies 5a and 5b sought to replicate prior
studies and document the weakened effects of messages that
explicitly explain that women's "internal barriers" are the
products of "external barriers" obstructing women's
progress. This research suggests that self-improvement
messages intended to empower women to take charge of gender
inequality may also yield potentially harmful societal
beliefs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
reserved).},
Doi = {10.1037/pspa0000129},
Key = {fds340575}
}
@article{fds337738,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Finkel, EJ},
Title = {Transactive-Goal-Dynamics Theory: A Discipline-Wide
Perspective},
Journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
Volume = {27},
Number = {5},
Pages = {332-338},
Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
Year = {2018},
Month = {October},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417754199},
Abstract = {Theories of goal pursuit typically conceptualize goal
pursuers as isolated actors; in contrast, empirical research
from diverse areas of psychology has demonstrated that goal
setting, pursuit, and achievement are deeply embedded within
social relationships. Because much of this emerging
literature is developing within subfields with minimal cross
talk, the potential for integration and advances to basic
theory has not been realized. The present article leverages
transactive-goal-dynamics theory in an effort to bring these
literatures together. In doing so, it distills a common set
of primary research questions toward the goal of promoting a
cumulative, integrative, interdisciplinary field of research
on the ways in which goal pursuit is socially
embedded.},
Doi = {10.1177/0963721417754199},
Key = {fds337738}
}
@article{fds336939,
Author = {Brick, DJ and Fitzsimons, GM and Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons,
GJ},
Title = {Erratum: Coke vs. Pepsi: Brand compatibility, relationship
power, and life satisfaction [Journal of Consumer Research,
44, 5, (2018) (991-1014)] DOI: 10.1093/jcr/ucx079},
Journal = {Journal of Consumer Research},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {1174},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx095},
Abstract = {In the article "Coke vs. Pepsi: Brand Compatibility,
Relationship Power, and Life Satisfaction," by Danielle J.
Brick, Gráinne M. Fitzsimons, Tanya L. Chartrand, and Gavan
J. Fitzsimons, doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucx079, the findings for
studies 4 and 6 were incorrectly typeset using betas instead
of B's. The original article has now been corrected. Oxford
University Press apologizes for these production
errors.},
Doi = {10.1093/jcr/ucx095},
Key = {fds336939}
}
@article{fds332786,
Author = {Brick, DJ and Fitzsimons, GM and Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons,
GJ},
Title = {Coke vs. Pepsi: Brand compatibility, relationship power, and
life satisfaction},
Journal = {Journal of Consumer Research},
Volume = {44},
Number = {5},
Pages = {991-1014},
Publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
Year = {2018},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx079},
Abstract = {Individuals often evaluate, purchase, and consume brands in
the presence of others, including close others. Yet
relatively little is known about the role brand preferences
play in relationships. In the present research, the authors
explore how the novel concept of brand compatibility,
defined as the extent to which individuals have similar
brand preferences (e.g., both partners prefer the same brand
of soda), influences life satisfaction. The authors propose
that when brand compatibility is high, life satisfaction
will also be high. Conversely, because low brand
compatibility may be a source of conflict for the
relationship, the authors propose that it will be associated
with reduced life satisfaction. Importantly, the authors
predict that the effects of brand compatibility on conflict
and life satisfaction will depend upon relationship power.
Across multiple studies and methodologies, including
experimental designs (studies 2, 3, 5) and dyadic data from
real-life couples (studies 1, 4, 6), the authors test and
find support for their hypotheses. By exploring how a
potentially unique form of compatibility influences life
satisfaction, including identifying a key moderator and an
underlying mechanism, the current research contributes to
the literatures on branding, close relationships, consumer
well-being, and relationship power.},
Doi = {10.1093/jcr/ucx079},
Key = {fds332786}
}
@article{fds330732,
Author = {Green, PI and Finkel, EJ and Fitzsimons, GM and Gino,
F},
Title = {The energizing nature of work engagement: Toward a new
need-based theory of work motivation},
Journal = {Research in Organizational Behavior},
Volume = {37},
Pages = {1-18},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2017.10.007},
Abstract = {We present theory suggesting that experiences at work that
meet employees’ expectations of need fulfillment drive
work engagement. Employees have needs (e.g., a desire to be
authentic) and they also have expectations for how their job
or their organization will fulfill them. We argue that
experiences at work that confirm employees’ need
fulfillment expectations yield a positive emotional state
that is energizing, and that this energy is manifested in
employees’ behaviors at work. Our theorizing draws on a
review of the work engagement literature, in which we
identify three core characteristics of work engagement: (a)
a positive emotional state that (b) yields a feeling of
energy and (c) leads to positive work-oriented behaviors.
These key themes provide the foundation for further
theorizing suggesting that interactions at work confirm or
disconfirm employees’ need fulfillment expectations,
leading to different levels of engagement. We extend our
theorizing to argue that confirmation, or disconfirmation,
of different need expectations will yield emotional
experience of varying magnitudes, with confirmation of
approach-oriented need expectations exerting stronger
effects than the confirmation of avoidance-oriented need
expectations. We close with a review suggesting that
organizational contextual features influence the expression
of these needs, sustaining or undermining the positive
emotional experiences that fuel work engagement.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.riob.2017.10.007},
Key = {fds330732}
}
@article{fds323541,
Author = {Shea, CT and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Personal goal pursuit as an antecedent to social network
structure},
Journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes},
Volume = {137},
Pages = {45-57},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {November},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.07.002},
Abstract = {Three studies using diverse methods examine the effects of
goals on instrumental mindsets and social network
activation. We hypothesize that individual advancement and
interpersonal affiliation goals evoke distinct patterns of
interpersonal perception and motivation, which lead to the
activation of sparser and denser social networks,
respectively. Study 1, an experiment, found that triggering
individual advancement goals (vs. affiliation goals) within
a workplace domain led to the activation of sparser
networks. Study 2, an experiment, found evidence of an
indirect pathway, through which individual advancement goals
increased the tendency to view social network contacts in an
instrumental fashion, which in turn predicted the activation
of sparser networks. Study 3, a longitudinal field study,
found that individuals entering a new social network with
strong career goals (individual-advancement goals) reported
sparser networks and more central network positions; some
evidence suggested that these effects may extend beyond
activated networks to mobilized networks.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.07.002},
Key = {fds323541}
}
@article{fds323542,
Author = {Laurin, K and Fitzsimons, GM and Finkel, EJ and Carswell, KL and vanDellen, MR and Hofmann, W and Lambert, NM and Eastwick, PW and Fincham, FD and Brown, PC},
Title = {Power and the pursuit of a partner's goals.},
Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
Volume = {110},
Number = {6},
Pages = {840-868},
Year = {2016},
Month = {June},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000048},
Abstract = {We investigated how power dynamics in close relationships
influence the tendency to devote resources to the pursuit of
goals valued by relationship partners, hypothesizing that
low (vs. high) power in relationships would lead individuals
to center their individual goal pursuit around the goals of
their partners. We study 2 related phenomena: partner goal
prioritization, whereby individuals pursue goals on behalf
of their partners, and partner goal contagion, whereby
individuals identify and adopt as their own the goals that
their partner pursues. We tested our ideas in 5 studies that
employed diverse research methods, including lab experiments
and dyadic studies of romantic partners, and multiple types
of dependent measures, including experience sampling
reports, self-reported goal commitment, and behavioral goal
pursuit in a variety of goal domains. Despite this
methodological diversity, the studies provided clear and
consistent evidence that individuals with low power in their
relationships are especially likely to engage in both
partner goal prioritization and partner goal contagion.
(PsycINFO Database Record},
Doi = {10.1037/pspi0000048},
Key = {fds323542}
}
@article{fds323543,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Sackett, E and Finkel, EJ},
Title = {Transactive Goal Dynamics Theory: A relational goals
perspective on work teams and leadership},
Journal = {Research in Organizational Behavior},
Volume = {36},
Pages = {135-155},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2016},
Month = {January},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.11.006},
Abstract = {Transactive Goal Dynamics (TGD) Theory is a multi-level,
relational theory of goal pursuit that can be used to
understand behavior within organizational teams. The theory
describes the nature of goal-related interdependence (called
transactive density) within dyads and groups, and predicts
when transactive density will have positive versus negative
consequences for goal-related outcomes. TGD Theory states
that within many close dyads and teams, individuals’
goals, pursuits, and outcomes come to affect each other in a
dense network of goal-related interdependence, with the
individuals possessing and pursuing goals oriented toward
themselves, other members of the system, and the system as a
whole. This article discusses novel implications of the
theory for the understanding of organizational teams and
team leadership, and constraints on relational dynamics
within organizational contexts.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.riob.2016.11.006},
Key = {fds323543}
}
@article{fds312258,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Finkel, EJ and vanDellen, MR},
Title = {Transactive goal dynamics.},
Journal = {Psychological review},
Volume = {122},
Number = {4},
Pages = {648-673},
Year = {2015},
Month = {October},
ISSN = {0033-295X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039654},
Abstract = {Transactive goal dynamics (TGD) theory conceptualizes 2 or
more interdependent people as 1 single self-regulating
system. Six tenets describe the nature of goal
interdependence, predict its emergence, predict when it will
lead to positive goal outcomes during and after the
relationship, and predict the consequences for the
relationship. Both partners in a TGD system possess and
pursue self-oriented, partner-oriented, and system-oriented
goals, and all of these goals and pursuits are
interdependent. TGD theory states that relationship
partners' goals, pursuit, and outcomes affect each other in
a dense network of goal interdependence, ultimately becoming
so tightly linked that the 2 partners are most accurately
conceptualized as components within a single self-regulating
system.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0039654},
Key = {fds312258}
}
@article{fds312257,
Author = {Hofmann, W and Finkel, EJ and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Close relationships and self-regulation: How relationship
satisfaction facilitates momentary goal pursuit.},
Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
Volume = {109},
Number = {3},
Pages = {434-452},
Year = {2015},
Month = {September},
ISSN = {0022-3514},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000020},
Abstract = {In the new millennium, scholars have built a robust
intersection between close-relationships research and
self-regulation research. However, virtually no work has
investigated how the most basic and broad indicator of
relationship quality, relationship satisfaction, affects
self-regulation and vice versa. In the present research, we
show that higher relationship satisfaction promotes a
motivational mind-set that is conducive for effective
self-regulation, and thus for goal progress and performance.
In Study 1-a large-scale, intensive experience sampling
project of 115 couples (total N = 230)-we closely tracked
fluctuations in state relationship satisfaction (SRS) and 4
parameters of effective self-regulation according to our
conceptual model. Dyadic process analyses showed that
individuals experiencing higher SRS than they typically do
exhibited higher levels of (a) perceived control, (b) goal
focus, (c) perceived partner support, and (d) positive
affect during goal pursuit than they typically exhibit.
Together, these 4 self-regulation-relevant variables
translated into higher rates of daily progress on specific,
idiographic goals. In Study 2 (N = 195), we employed a novel
experimental manipulation of SRS, replicating the link
between SRS and parameters of effective self-regulation.
Taken together, these findings suggest that momentary
increases in relationship satisfaction may benefit everyday
goal pursuit through a combination of cognitive and
affective mechanisms, thus further integrating relationship
research with social-cognitive research on goal
pursuit.},
Doi = {10.1037/pspi0000020},
Key = {fds312257}
}
@article{fds312259,
Author = {Koval, CZ and vanDellen, MR and Fitzsimons, GM and Ranby,
KW},
Title = {The burden of responsibility: Interpersonal costs of high
self-control.},
Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
Volume = {108},
Number = {5},
Pages = {750-766},
Year = {2015},
Month = {May},
ISSN = {0022-3514},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000015},
Abstract = {The psychological literature on self-control has illustrated
the many benefits experienced by people with high
self-control, who are more successful both personally and
interpersonally. In the current research, we explore the
possibility that having high self-control also may have some
interpersonal costs, leading individuals to become burdened
by others' reliance. In Studies 1 and 2, we examined the
effects of actors' self-control on observers' performance
expectations and found that observers had higher performance
expectations for actors with high (vs. low) self-control. In
Study 3, we tested the effect of actors' self-control on
work assigned to actors and found that observers assigned
greater workloads to actors with high (vs. low)
self-control. In Study 4, we examined how actors and
observers differed in their assessments of the effort
expended by high and low self-control actors and found that
observers (but not actors) reported that high self-control
actors expended less effort than low self-control actors.
Finally, we found that people high (vs. low) in self-control
reported greater burden from the reliance of coworkers
(Study 5) and romantic partners (Study 6), and this tendency
led them to feel less satisfied with their relationships
(Study 6). Together, results from these studies provide
novel evidence that individuals' self-control affects
others' attitudes and behaviors toward them, and suggest
that these interpersonal dynamics can have negative
consequences for high self-control individuals.},
Doi = {10.1037/pspi0000015},
Key = {fds312259}
}
@article{fds312260,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Finkel, EJ},
Title = {Goal interdependence},
Journal = {Current Opinion in Psychology},
Volume = {1},
Pages = {10-13},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
ISSN = {2352-250X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.015},
Abstract = {With friends, family members, romantic partners, and
coworkers, people form interdependent units, shaping each
other's everyday experiences. According to the Transactive
Goal Dynamics model, goal pursuit occurs within these units,
not apart from them. As a result, a great deal of goal
pursuit is interpersonally driven and influenced. Although
historically, social psychological research has focused on
the intrapersonal drivers of goal pursuit, recent research
has also highlighted the interpersonal drivers. In this
article, we review research that goes beyond the independent
agent view of goal pursuit, exploring how people possess and
pursue goals that are affected by and oriented toward their
relationship partners.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.015},
Key = {fds312260}
}
@article{fds272660,
Author = {Hui, CM and Finkel, EJ and Fitzsimons, GM and Kumashiro, M and Hofmann,
W},
Title = {The Manhattan effect: when relationship commitment fails to
promote support for partners' interests.},
Journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
Volume = {106},
Number = {4},
Pages = {546-570},
Year = {2014},
Month = {April},
ISSN = {0022-3514},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035493},
Abstract = {Research on close relationships has frequently contrasted
one's own interests with the interests of the partner or the
relationship and has tended to view the partner's and the
relationship's interests as inherently aligned. The present
article demonstrated that relationship commitment typically
causes people to support their partner's personal interests
but that this effect gets weaker to the extent that those
interests misalign or even threaten the relationship.
Studies 1a and 1b showed that (a) despite their strong
correlation, partner-oriented and relationship-oriented
concerns in goal-directed behaviors are separable and (b)
relationship commitment strengthens only the link between
relationship-oriented motivation and the goal pursuit (not
the link between partner-oriented motivation and the goal
pursuit). The remaining 7 studies zero in on circumstances
in which the partner's and the relationship's interests are
in conflict, demonstrating that (c) relationship commitment
reliably increases the tendency to support the partner's
personal interests when those interests do not pose a strong
threat to the relationship but that (d) this effect becomes
weaker-and even reverses direction-as the relationship
threat posed by the partner's interests becomes stronger.
The reduction or reversal of the positive link between
relationship commitment and propartner behaviors in such
situations is termed the Manhattan effect. These findings
suggest that the partner-versus-relationship conflicts
provide fertile ground for novel theorizing and empirical
investigations and that relationship commitment appears to
be less of a partner-promoting construct than relationship
science has suggested; instead, its role appears to be
focused on promoting the interests of the
relationship.},
Doi = {10.1037/a0035493},
Key = {fds272660}
}
@article{fds272659,
Author = {vanDellen, MR and Shea, CT and Davisson, EK and Koval, CZ and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Motivated misperception: Self-regulatory resources affect
goal appraisals},
Journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology},
Volume = {53},
Pages = {118-124},
Publisher = {Elsevier BV},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {0022-1031},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.03.007},
Abstract = {Three studies examine how self-regulatory resources affect
goal appraisals, finding support for the hypothesis that
when low in self-regulatory resources, individuals endorse
statements that rationalize either inaction or less
effortful goal pursuit. Study 1 examines appraisals of
self-set personal goals, finding that resource-depleted
participants describe their goals as less urgent and less
consequential. Study 2 examines reappraisals of weight loss
goals, replicating the effects of Study 1. Finally, Study 3
examines this reappraisal process in the context of a
broader societal goal of environmental conservation. This
work contributes a new perspective to the large literature
on resource depletion by demonstrating that depletion alters
cognition in ways that may excuse the well-documented
decrease in behavioral pursuit that arises from resource
depletion. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.},
Doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2014.03.007},
Key = {fds272659}
}
@article{fds272661,
Author = {Light, AE and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Contextualizing Marriage as a Means and a
Goal},
Journal = {Psychological Inquiry},
Volume = {25},
Number = {1},
Pages = {88-94},
Publisher = {Informa UK Limited},
Year = {2014},
Month = {January},
ISSN = {1047-840X},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.878522},
Doi = {10.1080/1047840X.2014.878522},
Key = {fds272661}
}
@article{fds328870,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons,
GJ},
Title = {Automatic Effects of Brand Exposure on Motivated Behavior:
How Apple Makes You "Think Different"},
Journal = {Journal of Consumer Research},
Volume = {35},
Number = {1},
Pages = {21-35},
Year = {2008},
Month = {March},
Abstract = {This article first examines whether brand exposure elicits
automatic behavioral effects as does exposure to social
primes. Results support the translation of these effects:
participants primed with Apple logos behave more creatively
than IBM primed and controls; Disney-primed participants
behave more honestly than E!-primed participants and
controls. Second, this article investigates the hypothesis
that exposure to goal-relevant brands (i.e., those that
represent a positively valenced characteristic) elicits
behavior that is goal directed in nature. Three experiments
demonstrate that the primed behavior showed typical
goal-directed qualities, including increased performance
postdelay, decreased performance postprogress, and
moderation by motivation. (c) 2008 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER
RESEARCH, Inc..},
Key = {fds328870}
}
@article{fds357281,
Author = {Berger, J and Fitzsimons, G},
Title = {Dogs on the Street, Pumas on Your Feet: How Cues in the
Environment Influence Product Evaluation and
Choice},
Journal = {Journal of Marketing Research},
Volume = {45},
Number = {1},
Pages = {1-14},
Year = {2008},
Month = {February},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.45.1.001},
Abstract = {Little empirical research has examined the implicit effects
of environmental cues on consumer behavior. Across six
studies using a combination of field and laboratory methods,
the authors find that products are more accessible,
evaluated more favorably, and chosen more frequently when
the surrounding environment contains more perceptually or
conceptually related cues. The findings highlight the impact
of frequent—in addition to recent—priming in shaping
product evaluation and choice: More frequent exposure to
perceptually or conceptually related cues increases product
accessibility and makes the product easier to process. In
turn, this increased accessibility influences product
evaluation and choice, which are found to vary directly with
the frequency of exposure to conceptually related cues.
These results support the hypothesis that conceptual priming
effects can have a strong impact on real-world consumer
judgments.},
Doi = {10.1509/jmkr.45.1.001},
Key = {fds357281}
}
@article{fds328871,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GJ and Nunes, JC and Williams, P},
Title = {License to Sin: The Liberating Role of Reporting
Expectations},
Journal = {Journal of Consumer Research},
Volume = {34},
Number = {1},
Pages = {22-31},
Year = {2007},
Month = {April},
Abstract = {This research examines the impact of asking intention
questions about "vice behaviors," or behaviors about which
respondents simultaneously hold both negative explicit and
positive implicit attitudes. Asking questions about the
likelihood of engaging in behaviors for which respondents
maintain conflicting attitude structures appears to give
respondents a "license to sin," resulting in increased rates
of behavior versus those of a control group not asked
intention questions. However, when provided with defensive
tools that highlight the negative explicit component of
their attitudes toward the behaviors, respondents are able
to dampen the increase in behavior caused by the act of
prediction. (c) 2007 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH,
Inc..},
Key = {fds328871}
}
%% Chapters in Books
@misc{fds365806,
Author = {vanDellen, MR and Beam, LAB and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {How self-control promotes health through
relationships},
Pages = {390-401},
Booktitle = {The Routledge International Handbook of Self-Control in
Health and Well-Being: Concepts, Theories, and Central
Issues},
Year = {2017},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781315648576},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315648576-31},
Abstract = {Self-efficacy and self-control shape the kinds of social
networks in which people find themselves pursuing their
health goals. This chapter examines two interrelated
processes, reviewing research on each and suggesting areas
for further examination. First, it considers relationship
partners’ characteristics, integrating research on
goal-contagion and self-control to review ways in which
partners’ demonstration of goal commitment promotes better
goal outcomes for people. Second, the chapter proposes that
effective self-regulatory skills involve positioning oneself
in a social network more likely to promote than interfere
with goal outcomes. The mechanisms by which relationship
partners promote goal outcomes are as broad and varied as
are the content of the personal goals people pursue. These
mechanisms are reciprocal, with both relationship partners
influencing each other’s goal-pursuits and eventual goal
outcomes. The chapter suggests that partners’ trait
self-control can function similarly, with high self-control
leading to greater goal-pursuit by others.},
Doi = {10.4324/9781315648576-31},
Key = {fds365806}
}
@misc{fds304097,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Bargh, JA},
Title = {Automatic self-regulation},
Pages = {151-170},
Booktitle = {Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and
applications},
Publisher = {Guilford},
Editor = {Baumeister, RF and Vohs, KD},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds304097}
}
@misc{fds304098,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and van Dellen, MR},
Title = {Relationship goals},
Booktitle = {Handbook of personality and social psychology: Interpersonal
relations and group processes},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association},
Editor = {Simpson, JA and Dovidio, JF},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds304098}
}
@misc{fds304099,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Anderson, JE},
Title = {Interpersonal cognition},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Social Cognition},
Publisher = {Oxford Press},
Editor = {Carlston, D},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds304099}
}
@misc{fds304100,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Kay, AC and Anderson, JE},
Title = {Negative Life Events and Meaning},
Booktitle = {Psychology of Meaning},
Publisher = {American Psychological Association},
Editor = {Markham, K},
Year = {2015},
Month = {February},
Key = {fds304100}
}
@misc{fds349755,
Author = {Chen, S and Fitzsimons, GM and Andersen, SM},
Title = {Automaticity in close relationships},
Pages = {133-172},
Booktitle = {Social Psychology and the Unconscious: The Automaticity of
Higher Mental Processes},
Year = {2013},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781841694375},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203783016-10},
Abstract = {Defining Close Relationships The formation and maintenance
of close relationships are likely manifestations of the
fundamental human need for belonging and connection
(Baumeister & Leary, 1995; see also Andersen, Reznik, &
Chen, 1997). We define close relationships in terms of the
self in relation to significant others, and assume that each
relationship with a significant other is mentally
represented in this form. Specifically, the cognitive
structure of each relationship is comprised of knowledge
about the relevant significant other and self-knowledge
reflecting who one is in the context of one’s relationship
with the other. Such self-and significant-other knowledge
structures are bound in memory by linkages that embody the
typical patterns of self-other interaction. Although each
relationship is unique in some manner (e.g., Hinkley &
Andersen, 1996), we recognize that generalized relationship
structures exist alongside relationship-specific ones (e.g.,
Klohnen, Weller, Luo, & Choe, 2005; Ogilvie & Ashmore, 1991;
Pierce & Lydon, 2001). Numerous approaches to close
relationships assume that significant-other representations
are distinct in memory from self representations, and yet
also assume, as we do, that these representations are linked
in memory. Evidence supports both of these assumptions, even
though exact models of representation may vary (e.g.,
Andersen & Chen, 2002; Aron, Aron, Tudor, & Nelson, 1991;
Baldwin, 1992).},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203783016-10},
Key = {fds349755}
}
@misc{fds323544,
Author = {Cavallo, JV and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Goal competition, conflict, coordination, and completion how
intergoal dynamics affect self-regulation},
Volume = {9780203869666},
Pages = {267-300},
Booktitle = {Taylor and Francis Ltd 5},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780203869666},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203869666},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203869666},
Key = {fds323544}
}
@misc{fds361211,
Author = {Cavallo, JV and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Goal Competition, Conflict, Coordination, and Completion:
How Intergoal Dynamics Affect Self-Regulation},
Pages = {267-299},
Booktitle = {Goal-Directed Behavior},
Year = {2012},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9781848728738},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203869666-15},
Abstract = {On any given day, people have to negotiate the regulatory
demands of mul-tiple goals. Should they wake up early and
eat a leisurely breakfast or sleep in and be more rested for
the day? Do they stop to put gas in their car before work or
attempt to stay ahead of morning traffic? Should they work
on long-term projects or instead focus their time on more
pressing tasks? Do they eat a nutritious salad for lunch or
eat the cheeseburger they have been craving? Should they
take a trip to a sunny resort on their upcoming vacation
time or instead stay home and complete some unfinished house
repairs? Should they make plans to see friends this evening
or catch up with Mom and Dad on the phone? If one were to
take a snapshot of a person’s motivational state at any
one moment, it would reveal the presence of numerous diverse
goals forming a complex, interconnected network that drives
behavior.},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203869666-15},
Key = {fds361211}
}
@misc{fds272658,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Finkel, EJ},
Title = {Outsourcing effort to close others},
Pages = {41-57},
Booktitle = {The 12th Ontario symposium: The science of the
couple},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {Campbell, L and Laguardia, J and Olsen, J and Zanna,
M},
Year = {2012},
Key = {fds272658}
}
@misc{fds321853,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Anderson, JE},
Title = {Interdependent goals and relationship conflict},
Pages = {185-199},
Booktitle = {The Psychology of Social Conflict and Aggression},
Publisher = {Routledge},
Year = {2011},
Month = {May},
ISBN = {9781848729322},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203803813},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203803813},
Key = {fds321853}
}
@misc{fds323545,
Author = {Fitzsimons, GM and Friesen, J and Orehek, E and Kruglanski,
AW},
Title = {Progress-Induced goal shifting as a self-regulatory
strategy},
Pages = {183-197},
Booktitle = {Psychology of Self-Regulation: Cognitive, Affective, and
Motivational Processes},
Publisher = {PSYCHOLOGY PRESS},
Year = {2011},
Month = {January},
ISBN = {9780203837962},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203837962},
Doi = {10.4324/9780203837962},
Key = {fds323545}
}
@misc{fds272655,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Finkel, EJ},
Title = {The effects of self-regulation on social
relationships},
Pages = {407-421},
Booktitle = {Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and
applications},
Publisher = {Guilford},
Editor = {Vohs, KD and Bauermeister, RF},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds272655}
}
@misc{fds272656,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Cavallo, JC},
Title = {Inter-Goal Dynamics},
Pages = {269-301},
Booktitle = {Goal-Directed Behavior},
Publisher = {Psychology Press/Taylor and Frances},
Editor = {Aarts, H and Elliot, AJ},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds272656}
}
@misc{fds272657,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Anderson, JE},
Title = {Interdependent goals and relationship conflict},
Pages = {185-200},
Booktitle = {The psychology of social conflict and aggression},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {Forgas, JP and Kruglanski, AW and Williams, KD},
Year = {2011},
Key = {fds272657}
}
@misc{fds272653,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Friesen, GM and Orehek, E and Kruglanski,
AW},
Title = {Progress-induced goal-shifting},
Pages = {181-194},
Booktitle = {Self-regulation: Cognitive, affective, and motivational
processes},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {Forgas, JP and Baumeister, RF and Tice, DM},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds272653}
}
@misc{fds272654,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G},
Title = {Goal influences in relationship},
Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of human relationships},
Publisher = {Sage},
Editor = {Reis, H and Sprecher, S},
Year = {2009},
Key = {fds272654}
}
@misc{fds272652,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Chen, S and Andersen, SM},
Title = {Automaticity in interpersonal relationships},
Pages = {133-172},
Booktitle = {Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of
higher mental processes},
Publisher = {Psychology Press},
Editor = {Bargh, JA},
Year = {2007},
Key = {fds272652}
}
@misc{fds272651,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G},
Title = {Pursuing goals and perceiving others: A self-regulatory
perspective on interpersonal relationships},
Pages = {32-35},
Booktitle = {Intrapersonal and interpersonal processes},
Publisher = {Guilford},
Editor = {Vohs, KD and Finkel, EJ},
Year = {2006},
Key = {fds272651}
}
@misc{fds272650,
Author = {Chartrand, TL and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {Friends and Neighbors, Goals and Labors: Interpersonal and
Self Regulation},
Pages = {103-125},
Booktitle = {Interpersonal Cognition},
Publisher = {Guilford},
Editor = {Fitzsimons, GM and Shah, JY and Bargh, JA},
Year = {2005},
Key = {fds272650}
}
@misc{fds272648,
Author = {Kay, AC and Jost, JT and Fitzsimons, GM},
Title = {The Ideological Animal: On the Epistemic and Existential
Bases of System Justification},
Booktitle = {Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology},
Publisher = {Guilford Press},
Editor = {Greenberg, J and Koole, SL and Pyszczynsk, T},
Year = {2004},
Key = {fds272648}
}
@misc{fds272649,
Author = {Fitzsimons, G and Bargh, JA and McKenna, K},
Title = {The self, online},
Pages = {195-214},
Booktitle = {Motivated social perception: The Ontario
symposium},
Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
Editor = {Spencer, SJ and Fein, S and Zanna, MP and Olson, J},
Year = {2002},
Key = {fds272649}
}
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